Thèses sur le sujet « San Miniato al Monte »

Orientador: José Roberto Rus Perez
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T13:21:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andreetto_ValeriaGoncales_M.pdf: 1845762 bytes, checksum: cd8281b929d99685bf89e042f3aad098 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a implementação de políticas públicas de formação de professores que trabalham com crianças de 0-6 anos, explorando as cidades de Reggio Emilia e San Miniato, na Itália, analisando a proposta italiana e seus efeitos na década atual. Para entender esse processo, utilizamos como referência autores italianos. Com base nesses autores, foram analisadas as políticas públicas na formação de professores em seus contextos de influência, produção de textos, práticas e efeitos sobre a comunidade. Nesta pesquisa, trabalhamos com várias ferramentas para coletar dados, tais como: literatura e documentos em obras de referência, documentação oficial, leis, observações e entrevistas sobre o tema. O uso de ferramentas teóricas e metodológicas torna possível determinar um espaço analítico em que os campos da ética e da política se unem de forma permanente, permitindo que instituições de educação infantil possam ser, principalmente, um lugar de prática política
Abstract: The present study aims at investigating the implementation of public policies in teacher education of those who work with 0-6 year olds, exploring the cities of Reggio Emilia and San Miniato, in Italy, analyzing the Italian proposal and its effects in the current decade. To understand this process, we used as reference Italian authors. Based on these authors, we analyzed public policy in teacher education in their contexts of influence, text production, practices and effects on the community. In this research, me worked with various tools to collect data such as: literature and documents in reference works, official documentation, laws, observations and interviews on the topic. The use of theoretical and methodological tools make it possible to determine an analytical space in which the fields of ethics and politics come together permanently, enabling early childhood institutions to be primarily a place of political practice
Mestrado
Politicas, Administração e Sistemas Educacionais
Mestra em Educação

Geometry. Pure Form. What are the limits of these concepts in architecture? To what extent can they be realized through constructive means? To the architect, these concepts are often the originating forces driving their work, but their nature is intangible, and can be best understood through reason. There exists then, a dichotomy that the architect is left to resolve: that which is solely of an intelligible nature and that which can exist within the physical limitations of our reality. While architectonic limitations are that of the physical, Architecture itself exists within both of these realms, the duality of the mind and of the body, and it is the charge of the architect to reconcile their inherent contradictions. The limitations of the mind and the body are incompatible at an absolute level, but there exists a degree of overlap within which architecture is found. Place is a catalyst that can trigger this dissonance. The intelligible exists in a placeless space, a space that was given a framework by René Descartes in his notion of extension, and exists as a free body. In contrast, the architectonic is contingent on placement and the forces of gravity. They are simultaneously contradictory and co-related. This thesis pursues the limits of this contradiction; its culmination more akin to an architectural follie than the original intent: a modest hiking shelter.
Master of Architecture
This thesis explores the duality and contradictions that arise when the realm of reason and the realm of that which is built coincide. The framework through which this exploration takes place is in the conception and design of a small structure in the mountains of Ticino, an Italian canton of southern Switzerland. It is a building whose purpose is pleasure, nothing more. The pursuit of ideal form in place is a catalyst for the series of contradictions that exist within not only this thesis, but the realm of architecture. Place and space. Mind and body. Intelligible and sensible.

A collection of 16 specimens of insects (both adult and larval forms) collected between 1997 and 2003 in the Lower Kalkschieferzone (KSZ) at the Val Mara site D near Meride (Canton Ticino, Svizzera), Monte San Giorgio by the UNIMI team lead by Prof. A. Tintori and Dr. C. Lombardo and with the support by Dr. Markus Felber, then curator at the Museo Cantonale di S.N. in Lugano (MCSN) are here described and the paleoenvironmental implications of this entomofauna is discussed. Monte San Giorgio is a Triassic fossil lagerstätte inscribed since 2003 in the UNESCO World Heritage for its vertebrate fossils, but the importance of its fossil insects is coming into light. The insect assemblage has proved to be exceptional under two aspects: it includes the most ancient fossil record for four groups and it provides the most ancient record of nervous structures (cerebrum and nerve cord) in insects, thanks to preservation through phosphatization. The Kalkschieferzone entomofauna is also quite diverse, including representatives of seven orders, both terrestrial and aquatic, suggesting the existence of a much more complex and stable terrestrial habitat than a carbonatic platform could support.

Questa tesi tratta il tema dell'intervento sull'esistente, non tanto in termini di recupero quanto di ricomposizione, dimostrando come tale approccio sia più indicato in ben determinate situazioni. La ricomposizione del dismesso comporta innumerevoli vantaggi per quanto riguarda il consumo di suolo ma anche la possibilità di intervenire in modo più vario e deciso, sempre nel massimo rispetto del contesto. L'obiettivo di questo progetto è di dimostrare come la ricomposizione, nel particolare caso della stazione a monte della vecchia funivia Bologna - San Luca, possa portare all'ulteriore valorizzazione di un contesto già "ricco" paesaggisticamente e culturalmente. Questo avviene passando attraverso lo studio e la ricerca di un morfema compositivo in totale coerenza col paesaggio. Lo studio degli spazi percorre un iter preciso, che parte dallo studio del Raumplan di Adolf Loos passando per la sue evoluzioni e rivisitazioni critiche (in particolare la "traiettoria" di Rem Koolhaas) dando corpo all'innovativo concetto di Urban Room (Mossessian Architecture) al fine di creare un'ambiente di stimoli e condivisione per la comunità.

Este trabajo pretende establecer una teoría de la imagen en San Juan de la Cruz a partir de los textos del autor y de la interpretación del dibujo del Monte de perfección o Monte Carmelo (ca.1580). Nuestro estudio parte de la comprensión de los hechos vitales fundamentales que llevaron a este religioso a la creación literaria y de ésta, a la creación plástica. Se analizarán las características de dicha imagen, como diagrama espiritual vinculado a técnicas de memorización, como ejemplo de poesía visual, como plasmación del mundo interior e invisible y como icono que responde a lo que podríamos llamar una estética de la negatividad, antiidolátrica, abstracta. El estudio se basa en una recopilación iconográfica que muestra la evolución de la imagen original a través de distintas ediciones de las obras de San Juan.
This dissertation aims to establish a theory of image in Saint John of the Cross through his texts and an interpretation of the drawing of the Mount of Perfection or Mount Carmel (ca. 1580). Our investigation starts with an explanation of the facts that brought this religious man to the literary creation, and from it, up to the graphical creation. We carry out an analysis of the features of this image, understood as a spiritual diagram related to mnemonic techniques, as an example of visual poetry, as an expression of the inner and invisible world and as an icon in response to what we could call aesthetics of negativity, antiidolatry and abstraction. This work is based on an iconographical recopilation that shows the evolution of the primitive image through different editions of Saint John's works.

L'analisi storico-critica delle vicende costruttive risulta di fondamentale importanza per operare sul manufatto edilizio in maniera consapevole. Soltanto interrogando l'edificio si è in grado di comprenderne le singolarità qualitative, la vulnerabilità ed i punti critici, per agire dove necessario con tecniche compatibili e non invasive seguendo il criterio del minimo intervento. Gli interventi progettuali di miglioramento strutturale proposti si pongono a coronamento del percorso conoscitivo di ricerca svolto.

L’obiettivo della presente dissertazione è la valutazione della vulnerabilità sismica del nucleo storico del complesso di San Giovanni in Monte a Bologna, con i metodi indicati nelle “Linee Guida” del Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali, secondo i livelli di valutazione LV1 ed LV3. Gli edifici oggetto di studio si inseriscono all’interno di un aggregato storico unico nel suo genere che ha avuto come centro di sviluppo la Chiesa di San Giovanni in Monte e successivamente il complesso costituito da Chiesa e monastero adiacente.

The Besano Formation consists of an alternation of laminated dolomitic banks and bituminous shales, and sparse cineritic tuffs that are dated as Late Anisian–Early Ladinian. It is one of the richest fossil-bearing formations from the Monte San Giorgio area; on the Italian side of Monte San Giorgio, the Sasso Caldo site is the one from which the greatest part of the Besano collection housed at the Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano is from. This Ph.D. thesis aims to the study of the Besano Formation macrofauna, through biochronostratigraphic zonation of the Sasso Caldo Site, revision of the large ichthyosaur Besanosaurus leptorhynchus), and study of the most important specimens, chosen for their preservation and rarity, but also to test the hypothesis of variations in the influence of open sea on the Besano basin. All the available ammonoids and bivalves from the Sasso Caldo site (Besano Formation), housed in the collections of the Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano, were examined and determined. The systematic study led to the recognition of 15 ammonoid taxa belonging to 10 genera, and five species belonging to the bivalve genus Daonella. The study of bed-by-bed collected specimens allowed the biochronostratigraphic classification of the Sasso Caldo section and the time-calibration of invertebrate and vertebrate bioevents. Results evidence that at Sasso Caldo site crops out almost the entire middle to upper Besano Formation. corresponding the Nevadites secedensis ammonoid zone. The trend of distribution of specimens reflects the establishment of an intraplatform basin with discontinuous open-marine influence in the middle Besano Formation, while the upper Besano Formation corresponds to a shallower subtidal restricted platform environment. Among the terrestrial taxa recovered at Sasso Caldo from the upper Besano Formation, a remarkably well-preserved fossil scorpion (BES SC 1973) is described in this thesis. This finding corroborates the hypothesized existence of a near shoreline during the deposition of the upper Besano Formation. BES SC 1973 is assigned to a new taxon gen. et sp. nov., included in the family Protobuthidae. This finding represents the first arachnid recorded from the Besano Formation, and the second genus attributed to the family Protobuthidae. This specimen is also the first reported Italian Mesozoic fossil scorpion. Regarding vertebrates, MSNM V927 and 928, a portion of the axial skeleton of a large diapsid, is attributed to Helveticosaurus zollingeri, a rare diapsid known only from the Besano Formation. This animal was recovered in association with the ammonoid Ticinites, at the base of the N. secedensis Zone, in coincidence with the establishment of the intraplatform basin of the middle Besano Formation. This specimen is the first record of skeletal remains and the second specimen assigned to the taxon in Italy. In this work the niche occupied by this animal in the Middle Triassic coastal ecosystems and its swimming style are also revised and discussed. MSNM V926, and SMNS 50010, respectively a portion of ribcage and an isolated partial forefin of a large ichthyosaur, were attributed to Cymbospondylus buchseri. MSNM V926 represents the first specimen attributed to this taxon and recovered on the Italian side of Monte San Giorgio. A great part of this thesis is dedicated to the revision of Besanosaurus leptorhynchus. The specimens studied and attributed to Besanosaurus leptorhynchus preserve a remarkably complete cranial and postcranial anatomy so that this taxon can be now accounted among the best-understood Middle Triassic ichthyosaur taxa. The revision of the skull morphology of this taxon clarified long-standing controversies regarding its cranial anatomy and the taxonomy of shastasaurids from Monte San Giorgio. The six specimens here described represent a potential ontogenetic series composed of an embryo (inside the maternal cavity of BES SC 999), likely two subadults, and four adults. They can be ordered by increasing size as follows: embryonic material of BES SC 999, PIMUZ T 4376, PIMUZ T 1895, BES SC 999, BES SC 1016, GPIT 1793/1, PIMUZ T 4847. Also, Besanosaurus resulted the largest Middle Triassic ichthyosaur taxon of the Western Tethys to date, since a full adult size is confidently estimated to be almost 8 m in PIMUZ T 4847. Besanosaurus is characterized by a long, slender, and gracile snout, representing an ecological specialization never seen before the Anisian in a large-sized diapsid. The study of the postcranial anatomy of Besanosaurus leptorhynchus is based on four specimens: PIMUZ T 4376, PIMUZ T 1895, BES SC 999, PIMUZ T 4847. The results suggest that this taxon possesses a peculiar bauplan, which in its proportions fits in between Cymbospondylus and the shastasaur-grade ichthyosaurs. Swimming capabilities of Besanosaurus leptorhynchus were tested and compared with Cymbospondylus and Mixosaurus. Among the ichthyosaurs from the Besano-Monte San Giorgio fauna (Cymbopondylus, mixosaurids, and Besanosaurus), different hunting strategies, demonstrated by different morphologies and dimensions of the rostra, as well as different body proportions and swimming styles, should have led to niche partitioning. The key phylogenetic position occupied by Besanosausurus leptorhynchus in the ichthyosaurian phylogeny was investigated: the analysis shows that this taxon represents the basalmost member of shastasaur-grade ichthyosaurs, recovered to be a paraphyletic group. Eventually is addressed a study of the embryonic material preserved in BES SC 999. We deem the material in the body cavity of BES SC 999 unambiguously embryonic and attributable to Besanosaurus leptorhynchus. Here the embryonic material is described in detail and qualitatively compared with the maternal specimen and to other known ichthyosaur prenatal specimens.

L’utilizzo di processi legati al Building Information Modeling (BIM) è di grande attualità. La sua applicazione a realtà come quella italiana, caratterizzata principalmente da edifici storici e monumentali, è ancora tutta da esplorare. Si vuole quindi proporre un metodo per la realizzazione di modelli BIM del patrimonio storico, ai quali introdurre le informazioni relative allo stato di danno rilevato per la valutazione del rischio sismico. Il processo comincia dallo studio di un rilievo tradizionale, composto da rappresentazioni bidimensionali, nonché dallo studio dell’edificio da documentare, tramite sopralluoghi e ricerca d’archivio. Prosegue con un’analisi di tipo semantico della costruzione, utile a comprendere le componenti da modellare. A questa segue la realizzazione del modello tridimensionale dell’edificio. Parallelamente alla modellazione del fabbricato, si inseriscono all’interno del modello tutte le informazioni rilevate, o già disponibili presso gli archivi delle pubbliche amministrazioni. È in questo modo possibile raccogliere tutte le conoscenze, di qualunque ambito, all’interno del modello. Infine si costruiscono le famiglie necessarie all’inserimento delle lesioni rilevate, rendendo possibile un’analisi più accurata, ed il calcolo dell’indice di vulnerabilità definito dalle linee guida del Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti. Il risultato del processo è quindi un modello tridimensionale che raccoglie al suo interno, oltre alle informazioni riguarda la geometria dell’edificio, dettagli riguardo i materiali, i metodi di costruzione, informazioni storiche e riguardo lo stato di danno. Sarà quindi possibile utilizzarlo come “indice” di accesso a tali informazioni; sarà possibile generare la documentazione necessaria (disegni ortografici, assonometrici, tabelle, ecc.) all’analisi e conservazione dell’edificio. Il modello risultante è stato confrontato con la nuvola di punti ottenuta dal rilievo per verificarne la precisione geometrica.

This study serves as a first step towards a comprehensive hazard assessment for the San Francisco volcanic field in northern Arizona, which can be applied to local response plans and educational initiatives. The primary goal of this thesis is to resolve the conditional probability that, given a lava flow effusing from a new vent in the San Francisco volcanic field, it will inundate the city limits of Flagstaff. The spatial distribution of vents within the San Francisco volcanic field was analyzed in order to execute a lava flow simulation to determine the inundation hazard to Flagstaff. The Gaussian kernel function for estimating spatial density showed that there is a 99% chance that a future vent will be located within a 3.6 x 109 m2 area about 20 kilometers north of Flagstaff. This area contains the location of the most recent eruption at Sunset Crater, suggesting that the model is a good predictor of future vent locations. A Monte Carlo analysis of potential vent locations (N = 7,769) showed that 3.5% of simulated vents generated lava flows that inundated Flagstaff, and 1.1% of simulated vents were located within the city limits. Based on the average recurrence rate of vents formed during the Brunhes chronozone, the aggregate probability of lava flow inundation in Flagstaff is 1.1 x 10-5 per year. This suggests that there is a need for the city to plan for lava flows and associated hazards, especially forest fires. Even though it is unlikely that the city will ever have to utilize such a plan, it is imperative that thorough mitigation and response plans are established now-- before the onset of renewed volcanic activity.

L'effort pour comprendre les evenements cycliques en geologie a ete entrepris a travers differentes specialites et a conduit a des interpretations et a des correlations de grande finesse, notamment avec les parametres de l'orbite terrestre. Les enregistrements paleontologiques montrent aussi une faculte d'utilisation pour le reperage des changements cycliques. Cette etude utilise toute la gamme des methodes ainsi que d'autres approches geologiques fondees sur l'etude des facies sedimentaires et la calcimetrie. De prime abord, le reperage chronostratigraphique est base sur l'etude des foraminiferes et, si possible, sur le paleomagnetisme. Deux coupes mediterraneenes ont ete etudiees : la premiere d'age plio-pleistocene, a la citadelle de l'ile de zakynthos, la deuxieme du pliocene superieur de sicile (monte san nicola). La coupe de la citadelle a livre des enregistrements cycliques quasi-continus dont les correlations sont proposees avec un maximum de fiabilite : ? les courbes d'artemisia et de la calcimetrie sont correlees avec la courbe isotopique de l'oxygene de reference et celle de l'obliquite ? l'expression lithologique est liee a la precession ? nous proposons une correlation de la matiere organique amorphe avec la precession. Ce dernier point apporte une nouvelle potentialite d'exploitation de l'enregistrement palynologique vis-a-vis des phenomenes cycliques exterieurs, ce qui permet d'affiner notablement le decoupage chronologique (chronostratigraphie a tres haute resolution). Bien que la coupe de monte san nicola se soit montree moins propice a l'etude des pollens, nous proposons des correlations entre les divers enregistrements (analyse pollinique, palynofacies, calcimetrie) obtenus basees sur les memes principes que dans le cas precedent tout en prenant en compte la complexite de l'analyse integree des donnees. La recherche des cyclicites a induit une reflexion sur la signification des messages palynologique et calcimetrique sur la base de la comparaison avec une courbe isotopique de l'oxygene obtenue sur le meme echantillonnage. Au dela de l'objectif cyclostratigraphique, ce travail apporte des informations palynologiques classiques qui concernent l'identification de certains grains de pollen et la reconstitution de la vegetation.

Si el agua no reúne las condiciones adecuadas para sus diversos usos, tanto en calidad como en cantidad, afectará seriamente la calidad de vida, la salud y el ambiente de una población. El uso del agua puede ser para riego de cultivos, para la industria, o para uso doméstico. Las principales fuentes de contaminación del agua son: aguas residuales domésticas, efluentes industriales y agrícolas, escurrimientos pluviales y agua de tormentas. La importancia de la potabilización del agua, es la de proteger a la población de los riesgos para la salud asociados a agentes biológicos (bacterias, parásitos, mosquitos, etc.) o químicos (turbidez, dureza, exceso de flúor, etc.) presentes en la misma. Uno de los principales problemas ligados a la confiabilidad del agua son las enfermedades gastrointestinales (diarreas) que tienen una taza importante de mortalidad, siendo las causa principales de esta problemática, la falta de agua potable, la escasa o precaria red cloacal, el poco control de los desperdicios domiciliarios, o la falta de condiciones higiénicas. Este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo comparar las condiciones de salubridad del agua de consumo en la zona urbana y rural del distrito Monte Comán, en San Rafael, Mendoza.
Fil: Difabio, Adriana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..
Fil: Gasques, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..
Fil: Villegas, Daje Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..

La tesi di dottorato affronta la ricostruzione del cantiere decorativo del deambulatorio del Santuario di Santa Maria dei Miracoli presso San Celso, tra il 1540 e il 1566 circa, attraverso l'esame delle opere, dei documenti e della bibliografia. La prima parte è dedicata al Santuario nel suo complesso ed è costituita da un capitolo che analizza la storiografia artistica dalla fine del Cinquecento ad oggi, e da tre appendici, rispettivamente dedicate alla guidistica, alla fortuna visiva e ai fabbricieri. La seconda parte è dedicata al cantiere decorativo del deambulatorio ed è costituita da un capitolo che analizza in ordine cronologico l'intero sviluppo del cantiere (con aperture sul periodo precedente il 1540 e successivo il 1566, in particolare sull'epoca borromaica e sui restauri ottocenteschi) e da schede specifiche per ogni opera (pala d'altare) o intervento (stucchi e affreschi). La tesi è corredata da un consistente apparato di immagini (in larga parte derivate da una campagna fotografica realizzata grazie alla strumentazione messa a disposizione dal Dipartimento), da un ricco regesto dei documenti e dalla bibliografia.
The PhD thesis consists in a reconstruction of the different phases of the decoration of the ambulatory of the Sanctuary of Santa Maria dei Miracoli presso San Celso (between 1540 and 1566) through the examination of works, documents and bibliography. The first part is dedicated to the Sanctuary as a whole, and consists of: a chapter that analyzes the art historiography from the end of the Sixteenth century to today; three appendices, respectively dedicated to the guides (of the Sanctuary and of Milan), the visual fortune and the "fabbricieri" (the Sanctuary holders). The second part is dedicated to the phases of the decoration of the ambulatory and consist of: a chapter that analyzes in chronological order the making of the decoration (with digressions on the period prior to 1540 and next to 1566, in particular on the Borromaic period and on the nineteenth-century restorations); a entry for each work (altar piece) or decorative intervention (stuccoes and frescoes). The thesis is accompanied by a substantial array of images (largely derived from a photo campaign thanks to the instrumentation made available by the Department), a rich document summary and a bibliography.

The understanding of the management of natural resources by prehistoric man through an analysis of stone tools is useful to create parameters for the study of the level of manual dexterity and subsistence strategies in the Paleolithic. The study of knapping errors in experimental and archaeological lithic collections can reveal the presence of beginners or of experienced knappers and offers a comprehensive overview on the various errors associated with different methods of knapping débitage. This is because each lithic collection presents its own techno-typological peculiarities, resulting from various factors, which involve a subdivision of the observable and recognizable characteristics for each technique and method of débitage that was involved. Contextualizing knapping-errors within the reduction sequence is also useful to understand whether the identified errors can or cannot be placed in the variability in which an expert knapper may also incur or whether they are due solely to lack of experience. The analysis of the experimental material also allows classification of errors in relation to their causes and their effects on the manufact. Through a comparison with lithic archaeological collections it is possible to observe the livelihood strategies and the way of explanation of the learning process within human groups. In a broader context, it is possible to understand the internal structure of the paleolithic communities, the division of labor within them and the different spatial localization of the daily activities performed. For a correct analysis focused on the study of knapping errors, a comparison between the archaeological material and experimental material is absolutely necessary. The experimental lithic assemblages are composed by two collections, the first from the Intensive Programme (IP Socrates-Erasmus) held at the CERP (European Centre for Prehistoric Research) of Isernia, the second constituted by lithic artifacts from experimental operations carried out by students of Lithic Technology class which took place at the University of Ferrara. The first step was a classification of knapping errors and the identification of causes and effects of a particular dexterity. Successively, the research focused on the study of records from five archaeological sites, aimed at finding the categories of errors previously recognized by experimentation. The case studies relate to two different contexts of Italian Lower Paleolithic, Ca Belvedere di Monte Poggiolo (FC) (Peretto et al., 1998) and Guado San Nicola 1 (IS) (Arzarello et al., 2009), and three sites of the Middle Paleolithic: Riparo Tagliente (VR) (Bartolomei et al., 1982), Payré (Moncel et al. 2002) and Abri du Maras (Moncel, 1996), the latter two being located in Ardéche, France. By comparison of lithic archaeological sites with experimental collections, it was observed that it is possible to find the same errors on experimentally reproduced artifacts and archaeological products. This lead us to understand not only that the raw material responds always in the same way to a certain gesture, but also that a particular gesture is an obligatory step in the learning process. This aspect has been proven true also in diachronic contexts, because there is no difference between the type of error identified, and the age of lithic assemblages. Indeed, the examined sites cover a range of 900 thousand years, but errors due to a particular gesture affect in the same way a product of the Lower Paleolithic of Ca’ Belvedere di Monte Poggiolo and an artifact of the Middle Paleolithic of Riparo Tagliente. It has proved difficult but not impossible, to make a clear distinction between a possible group of beginners from expert flint-knappers in the archaeological records, especially for the older sites like Monte Poggiolo and Guado San Nicola. On the other hand, It has been possible to identify the type of dexterity we were dealing with. The important result of this work is the interpretation of errors in the knapping, not only to classify the causes and effects, but especially to relate to a specific dexterity, whether it identifies a beginner or not. In conclusion, the identification of errors in knapping in archaeological contexts, allows to define not only the presence of beginning knappers in a site, but also to set the level of learning and the skill of a prehistoric group.

Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'évaluation de la sûreté de fonctionnement des systèmes commandés en réseau (SCR). La capacité des systèmes de commandes à compenser les effets de certaines défaillances de composants amène à redéfinir le concept de défaillances du système. La conséquence est que l'évaluation de la fiabilité prévisionnelle du système est dépendante de l'évaluation fonctionnelle et devient impossible avec les méthodes traditionnelles de la sûreté de fonctionnement. Pour surmonter ces difficultés, une approche basée sur la modélisation en vue de la simulation est proposée. Nous avons choisi les Réseaux d'activités stochastiques (SAN) largement connus dans la modélisation des protocoles de communication ainsi que dans les études de la sûreté de fonctionnement. Dans un premier temps, nous avons cherché à identifier l'incidence de deux types de défaillances fugitives : la perte d'un échantillon d'une part et le retard d'un échantillon dans la boucle de régulation d'autre part. Après, nous simulons le comportement en présence des deux types de perturbations simultanément, mettant en évidence des effets cumulatifs. Si on tient compte maintenant du fait que l'origine des pertes ou retards est due à la présence du réseau, il faut l'introduire dans le modèle. On introduit alors dans le modèle global du système la représentation SAN d'un réseau CAN et l'injection des défaillances dans celui-ci. La méthode de Monte Carlo est utilisée pour estimer les indicateurs de sûreté de fonctionnement et on montre l'influence de certains facteurs comme la charge du réseau par exemple. Nous avons proposé une méthode et les outils associés pour approcher cette évaluation par simulation et ainsi apporter une aide à la conception des systèmes satisfaisant à des exigences critiques sur certains paramètres de performance
Achieved work in this thesis deals with dependability evaluation of networked controlled system (NCS). The ability of control system to offset the effects of some components’ failure leads to redefine the concept of system failure. Consequently the reliability evaluation is dependent on functional parameters and becomes impossible with traditional dependability methods. This work aims at bringing a contribution relative to this aspect. To overcome these difficulties, an approach based on both modelling and simulation is proposed. We choose to work with stochastic activity network (SAN) widely used in modelling communication protocols as well as in dependability studies. First we sought to identify the incidence of two types of transient faults: loss of samples and delay within the control loop. Next we simulate the behaviour in the presence of two types of disturbances at the same time highlighting the cumulative effects. In fact the origin of the loss or delay information inside the control loop is due to the presence of the network, this aspect must be taken into account, that is why we introduce a new model representing the Controller Area Network (CAN) and injection of possible perturbations. Monte-Carlo method is used to estimate dependability parameters showing the influence of some factors such as network load for example. We have proposed a method and associated tools to approach this evaluation by simulation and thus provide assistance in designing systems to meet requirements on certain performance parameters

Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'évaluation de la sûreté de fonctionnement des systèmes commandés en réseau (SCR). La capacité des systèmes de commandes à compenser les effets de certaines défaillances de composants amène à redéfinir le concept de défaillances du système. La conséquence est que l'évaluation de la fiabilité prévisionnelle du système est dépendante de l'évaluation fonctionnelle et devient impossible avec les méthodes traditionnelles de la sûreté de fonctionnement. Pour surmonter ces difficultés, une approche basée sur la modélisation en vue de la simulation est proposée. Nous avons choisi les Réseaux d'activités stochastiques (SAN) largement connus dans la modélisation des protocoles de communication ainsi que dans les études de la sûreté de fonctionnement. Dans un premier temps, nous avons cherché à identifier l'incidence de deux types de défaillances fugitives : la perte d'un échantillon d'une part et le retard d'un échantillon dans la boucle de régulation d'autre part. Après, nous simulons le comportement en présence des deux types de perturbations simultanément, mettant en évidence des effets cumulatifs. Si on tient compte maintenant du fait que l'origine des pertes ou retards est due à la présence du réseau, il faut l'introduire dans le modèle. On introduit alors dans le modèle global du système la représentation SAN d'un réseau CAN et l'injection des défaillances dans celui-ci. La méthode de Monte Carlo est utilisée pour estimer les indicateurs de sûreté de fonctionnement et on montre l'influence de certains facteurs comme la charge du réseau par exemple. Nous avons proposé une méthode et les outils associés pour approcher cette évaluation par simulation et ainsi apporter une aide à la conception des systèmes satisfaisant à des exigences critiques sur certains paramètres de performance.

La thèse établit l’histoire comparative des différents Sacri Monti italiens dans un but précis : étudier la transformation d’ « architectures » qui étaient des copies de lieux vides de Terre Sainte en vastes cycles chronologiques animés de nombreuses peintures et statues. Les nécessités religieuses de ces sites définissent un rapport original entre les arts qui donne la première place aux statues : on l’appellera « paragone chrétien ». La statuaire y est exceptionnellement didactique et propre à susciter les émotions. Didactique : les Sacri Monti mettent progressivement en place une statuaire narrative. Propre à susciter les émotions : ces terres cuites polychromes à grandeur sont « vivantes » au point d’incarner les scènes. À la fois familiers et exotiques, variés et récurrents, les très nombreux personnages des chapelles composent souvent des types singulièrement outrés. Leur beauté et surtout leur laideur cruelle et difforme, doit être utile : s’appuyant sur une lecture physiognomonique des scènes, le pèlerinage (guidé) aux Sacri Monti constitue une catharsis chrétienne
This dissertation examines the history of the Italian Sacri Monti from a comparative perspective. The main objective is to understand how “architectures” that were copies of void monuments from the Holy Land were transformed into large chronological cycles animated through the use of numerous paintings and statues. The religious motivations of these sites define a specific relationship between the different art forms, one that emphasizes sculpture and which can be characterized as a “Christian paragone”. Statuary is particularly didactic and emotional. It is didactic in the sense that the Sacri Monti serve to stage a narrative statuary It is also emotional since the life-sized and polychrome terracotta sculptures are so “alive” that they seem to be performing the scenes. The many characters in the chapels are both familiar and exotic, diverse and repetitive. They constitute types that often look strangely outraged. Their beauty but also their cruel and deformed ugliness serve a didactic purpose: grounded on a physiognomic reading of the scenes, the (guided) pilgrimage to the Sacri Monti mediates a Christian catharsis

Vengono prese in esame e poste a confronto le caratteristiche dei due monasteri e le dinamiche della loro interazione con la società urbana. The focus is on the two monasteries' features and on the way they interacted with florentine society

Tesi di ricerca inerente lo studio dei reperti e del contesto emerso in occasione di scavi archeologici eseguiti in loc. Monte San Paolo a Chiusi. I reperti sono documentati e analizzati sotto il profilo tecnico e cronologico al fine di fornire una interpretazione delle strutture estrusche esistenti sul pianoro di Monte San Paolo tra epoca orientalizzante e arcaica.

The topic of the diploma thesis is the activity of the Cistercian monastic order in the area of Tuscany. During the main wave of founding the Cistercian monasteries in Italy, the area of Tuscany, whose medieval boundaries roughly correspond to its current ones, was under major political influence of Florence, Siena, Pisa and Lucca. Most monasteries in the region were founded in the vicinity of these cities. This work aims to contribute to the discoveries about the influence of these cities and their elites on the establishing of foundation of the white monks in Tuscany. The goal of this work is an analysis of circumstances and causes of the arrival of the Cistercians in the Tuscany region, where they arrived relatively late, compared to other Italian regions. The work focuses on the specificities of the Cistercian movement of the foundation of monasteries. The fist Cistercian foundation in Tuscany was the monastery San Galgano. Most of the Cistercian abbeys in the region predominantly from the 13th century was affiliated with San Galgano. The diploma thesis aims to describe the development of the Cistercian order and its monasteries in the area by exploring specific Cistercian foundations in Tuscany. Possibly the most important monastery in the region was San Galgano, which served as the maternal monastery...

Il lavoro svolto nell'ambito del dottorato è stato indirizzato allo studio e alla comprensione del comportamento geochimico e delle modalità di dispersione di inquinanti in aria, rivolgendosi alla valutazione della qualità dell’aria, con particolare riferimento alla mobilità del mercurio e di altri composti gassosi, quali le specie dello zolfo (e.g. H2S e SO2), ad elevato impatto ambientale.