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1
Gannibal, B. K., et N. I. Bobrovskaya. « Rudolf Vladimirovich Kamelin (to the 70th anniversary of his birthday) ». Vegetation of Russia, no 13 (2008) : 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2008.13.136.
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Among the eminent botanists, who headed the Russian Botanical Society — I. P. Borodin, V. L. Komarov, V. N. Sukachev, E. M. Lavrenko, A. L. Takhtajan and R. V. Kamelin, attitude to geobotanike was very different, and very nice and it is important to note that the incumbent President of the RBS in 2000, fully supported the initiative group of geobotanical of St. Petersburg, who decided to create their professional journal «Vegetation of Russia».
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Galanina, O. V., et M. A. Makarova. « Information about the VIII conference of young botanists in St. Petersburg : section Geobotany ». Vegetation of Russia, no 6 (2004) : 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2004.06.104.
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From 17 to 21 May 2004 at the Komarov Botanical Institute (BIN RAS) was traditionally held the VIII Youth conference of botanists. Its Grand opening was held in Saint Petersburg Scientific center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
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Elina, Olga. « On Amateurism in the 18th-Century Russian Science : The Case of Grigory Demidov and His Garden in Solikamsk ». Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki 43, no 3 (2022) : 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020596060021604-6.
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This article describes the case of Grigory Demidov from the dynasty of the wealthiest industrialists in 18th-century Russia, with an emphasis on his scientific amateurism and contribution to botany. Summarizing the literature on Demidov as a “botanophile”, the article offers a rethinking of the process of formation of his botanical interests. In line with the nobility’s tradition, Grigory set out to create a “paradise” with exotic plants on his estate in the Ural city of Solikamsk. There is a widespread historiographic belief that Demidov’s fascination with botany emerged due to Georg Steller, the naturalist with the Second Kamchatka Expedition, who had allegedly stayed in Solikamsk in 1739 en route to Siberia. However, our comparison of the archival sources and materials concerning Steller’s journey casts doubt on this hypothesis. On the contrary, in his letter to the botanist T. Gerber, written during the same period, Demidov recounted his experience of collecting endemic plants, including medicinal herbs, his desire to learn more about their taxonomy and nomenclature. Grigory’s amateur interest in the “science of plants” and his pharmaceutical skills were noted by Academicians G. F. Müller and I. G. Gmelin, who visited Solikamsk in 1742. Therefore, it is no coincidence that Steller, on the way back to St. Petersburg, in the spring of 1746 stayed with Demidov to salvage the plants collected during the Expedition. After Steller’s sudden death, Grigory became the owner of a vast collection of rare Kamchatka and Siberian plants. This collection enabled Demidov to begin exchanging seeds with professional botanists, primarily with Carl Linnaeus, in 1748. His correspondence with Linnaeus demonstrates an impressive progress in Grigory’s botanical experience and knowledge. The article argues that Grigory Demidov’s fascination with botany arose when he collected and cultivated ornamental and medicinal plants on his own. Professional botanists had only guided this process but had not initiated it. Nevertheless, Grigory Demidov’s amateur skills and scientific aspirations allow to place his name among the major actors in botany. Even Linnaeus himself had mentioned Demidov’s contribution to botany in his world-famous treatise, Species plantarum.
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Semenishchenkov, Yu A., et N. N. Panasenko. « International science conference «Vegetation of Eastern Europe : classification, ecology and protection» (Bryansk, 19-21 October 2009) ». Vegetation of Russia, no 15 (2009) : 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2009.15.142.
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The conference was held in Bryansk at the Department of botany of Bryansk state University, with the support of the Russian Botanical society. It was attended by about 140 botanists, the scientific program included more than 50 reports on regional surveys, classification, vegetation dynamics, floristic and population-biological research, protection of vegetation cover.
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Jeffrey, Charles, L. N. Khakhina, Lynn Margulis, Mark McMenamin, Stephanie Merkel et Robert Coalson. « Concepts of Symbiogenesis. A Historical and Critical Study of the Research of Russian Botanists ». Kew Bulletin 49, no 2 (1994) : 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4110276.
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Dean, Tony. « Concepts of symbiogenesis : A historical and critical study of the research of Russian botanists ». Trends in Microbiology 1, no 5 (août 1993) : 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0966-842x(93)90095-9.
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L., MUKAEVA, et SHASTINA T. « THE CHUISKY TRACT IN THE WORKS OF TRAVELERS OF THE 19TH CENTURY ». Preservation and study of the cultural heritage of the Altai Territory 28 (2022) : 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/2411-1503.2022.28.62.
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The article analyzes the works of Russian scientists and travelers of the 19th century, containing descriptions of the Chuisky tract as the most important transport artery connecting the south of Western Siberia with China and Mongolia. Geologists, geographers, botanists, linguists, ethnographers, glaciologists have left valuable observations and materials about the Chuisky tract. Now their works are indispensable sources for studying the historical and cultural heritage of Altai. A comparative analysis of the descriptions of the history of this trade route and the condition of the road at various stages allows us to trace the movement of the frontier and the imagological estimates accompanying this movement: the development of the tract makes the territory annexed to the empire the Russian Altai.
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Fedorova, S. V. « Methodology for representing the intellectual heritage of geobotanists at Kazan University ». Проблемы ботаники южной сибири и монголии 20, no 1 (22 septembre 2021) : 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2021090.
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The article presents a methodological development for increasing the perception of information about theintellectual heritage of outstanding scientists, culture and society on the example of a thematic collection of open access onthe Internet, which is formed in the link “leading expert-library staff ” on the example of Kazan University. The author actsas a leading expert. The volume of the collection is limited to 11 persons in the range of IXХ–XXI centuries. Among thepersons are the founders of the geobotanical tradition in Russia: P. N. Krylov, S. I. Korzhinsky, A. Ya. Gordyagin, V. I. Baranov, M. V. Markov, E. L. Lyubarsky. The collection is designed for a significant number of electronic exhibits (text, photos, scans, video, audio). The electronic archive is being formed. The structure of the site-guide to the collection is presented. Examples of generalization of the intellectual heritage of a person are given on the example of Professor E. L. Lyubarsky(tabular forms: “Periods of professional activity”, “Analysis of scientific and practical activities”, “Methodological developments”). The algorithm-guide to the collection is based on a scientific research on the topic: “Evgeny Leonidovich Lyubarsky, Honored Professor of Kazan University from the galaxy of founders of the Kazan botanical tradition: history, biography, contribution to science.” The collection format is designed to: 1) increase the reliability of information on the Internet; 2) the rehabilitation of the names of prominent Russian botanists in the international names of plants; 3) propagandaof methodological developments of botanists of Kazan University; 4) raising the cultural level of readers on a global scale.
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Potemkin, A. D. « Contribution to the liverwort flora of the Russian Arctic : Champ, Heiss, Vize, Troynoy and Vaygach islands ». Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 48 (2014) : 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2014.48.374.
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Identification of a small collection of liverworts made by Irina Yu. Kirtsideli in June — August 2011 in previously not accessible for botanists Champ Island (Franz Josef Land Archipelago), Troynoy Island (Islands of Izvestiy TsIK) and poorly bryologically explored Heiss (Franz Josef Land Archipelago), Vize and Vaygach islands and by Irina N. Safronova from Vize Island resulted in a list of 19 liverwort species and 4 infraspecific taxa. Most of them are new records for these islands. Remarkable records are Mesoptychia badensis var. apiculata, Leiocolea heterocolpos var. arctica from Troynoy Island, Gymnocolea inflata from Heiss Island, Scapania cuspiduligera from Vaygach Island and S. zemliae from Champ Island. A new combination is published for Mesoptychia badensis var. apiculata (R. M. Schust.) Potemkin.
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Potemkin, A. D., et I. N. Safronova. « Contribution to the liverwort flora of the Russian Arctic. 2 : Uedineniya Island (Kara Sea) ». Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 49 (2015) : 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2015.49.382.
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Uedineniya Island is an isolated location (27°28–31′ N 82°09–42′ E) in the northern Kara Sea, two degrees south of Vize Island. It has an area of 20 sq. km and represents an erosion accumulative lowland divided by a network of beams and ravines. There were no data on liverworts of this island until the present. This study identifies a small bryophyte collection obtained by I. N. Safronova in 1985 during a few hours on the island. In total, 18 species were recorded. The report fills a gap in the knowledge of liverworts of the isolated remote territories of the Russian Arctic, an area almost inaccessible to botanists. The revealed species composition is common for High Arctic; it has almost no particular features. The second record of Orthocaulis quadrilobus (Lindb.) A. Evans f. cephalozielloides (R. M. Schust.) Potemkin, comb. nov. for the Russian Arctic is noteworthy.
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Geltman, D. V., M. V. Legchenko, I. V. Sokolova et I. V. Tatanov. « Anniversaries of our journal ». Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium, no 50 (2019) : 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/novitates/2019.50.5.
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Our journal in 2019 celebrates a double anniversary: the publication of 50th volume and the centenary of the beginning of its predecessor — the series “Notulae systematicae ex Herbario Horti botanici Petrololitani” (= “Botanicheskiye materialy Gerbariya Glavnogo Botanicheskogo Sada RSFSR”). “Notulae systematicae…” was founded in 1919 and was published (intermittently) until 1963. Outstanding Russian botanists B. A. Fedtschenko, V. L. Komarov, B. K. Schischkin were its editors. 22 volumes containing 756 articles and notes (plus reference volume) were published. “Novitates systematicae plantarum vascularium” (= “Novosti sistematiki vysshikh rastenii”) became a natural continuation of the “Notulae systematicae…”, the series was edited by I. A. Linczevsky, V. I. Grubov, T. V. Egorova, N. N. Tzvelev. Nowadays, the editorial board seeks to find the place of the journal in the Russian and world system of botanical periodicals, to ensure its inclusion in authoritative international citation systems. Keeping traditions, we strive to more correspond to the modern style of international publications on the vascular plants taxonomy.
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SAVINOV, I. А., et YU S. CHERYATOVA. « ORIGINS OF BOTANY IN PETROVSKAYA (TIMIRYAZEV) ACADEMY ». Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, no 2 (2021) : 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2021-2-130-142.
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The paper examines scientific and pedagogical activities of the prominent Russian botanists of the 19th – early 20th centuries, who laid the foundation for teaching this subject in the Petrovskaya (Timiryazev) Academy and founded their own scientific schools. The authors present brief biographies of N.I. Zheleznov, N.N. Kauffman, K.A. Timiryazev, S.I. Rostovtsev, and V.I. Taliev, as well as assess their contribution to national and world science. The creative works of many abovementioned scientists featured exceptional breadth and versatility. They not only did leave a noticeable mark in various branches of botany, but also contributed in every way to popularizing their favourite science. The paper shows some experience in teaching botany, forming and maintaining botanical collections. With regard to the popularization of science, the personality of K.A. Timiryazev is presented as a scientist-democrat, social activist and a person who had a heart for people. K.A. Timiryazev believed that science is the property of the entire humanity; therefore, its popularization is nothing more than fulfilling the scientist’s civic duty to the people. The information provided about the first botanists of the Petrovskaya (Timiryazev) Academy has not only cognitive and historical, but also practical significance. Thus, the study of energy regulations associated with photosynthesis performed by K.A. Timiryazev was of great importance in rationalizing the doctrine of the unity and connection of living and nonliving matter in the process of the circulation of substances and energy in nature. Flora-related works by N.N. Kauffman raised a number of important botanical and geographical problems. The studies of the ontogenetic morphogenesis of plants by N.I. Zheleznov and S.I. Rostovtsev laid the foundation for the development of plant morphology in Russia. Scientific works of V.I. Taliev provided for better understanding of the problem of interaction between plants and humans. The continuity of scientific schools and research directions is shown to prove its extreme importance in the context of present-day Russia.
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Khitun, Olga V., Tatiana M. Koroleva, Svetlana V. Chinenko, Vladislav V. Petrovsky, Elena B. Pospelova, Igor N. Pospelov et Andrei Zverev. « Applications of local floras for floristic subdivision and monitoring vascular plant diversity in the Russian Arctic ». Arctic Science 2, no 3 (septembre 2016) : 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2015-0010.
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The local flora method has been used by Russian botanists for studying vast wilderness areas. The method strives to determine the total flora within a certain limited area and provides comparable data for spatial comparisons between different locations and temporal comparisons at the same location. Complete vascular plant diversity was sampled in 240 localities with an area between 100 and 300 km2 each throughout the Russian Arctic. These data were incorporated in a specially developed Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). This database provides a unique opportunity to study spatial gradients of different floristic variables. Pairwise similarity of species composition and proportions of various phytogeographical groups in local floras were used in a floristic subdivision of the Russian Arctic. The floristic units derived by this method often resembled subprovinces of B.A. Yurtsev (1994. J. Veg. Sci. 5(6): 765–776), but there were also several areas of nonalignment. Application of local floras for monitoring of temporal changes has several constraints. However, nine local floras were revisited 20–70 years after the initial survey. Increases in the number of Boreal and Hypoarctic species were recorded in the southern local floras. Standardized methods and the use of modern technical tools for accurate documentation could enable use of this approach at observatories across the Arctic.
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Roshchevskaya, Larisa Pavlovna. « Research of plant resources of the European North of the USSR in the first half of the twentieth century. » Genesis : исторические исследования, no 3 (mars 2024) : 10–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2024.3.40423.
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The problem of providing the European north of Russia with food and fodder worsened after the civil War in the process of a significant increase in the population when solving national economic tasks for the development of the territory. The article aims to show the main directions of research and pedagogical activity of corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR geobotanist Alexander Petrovich Shennikov on the study of plant resources of the modern Komi Republic, the creation of the herbarium of the Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the education of highly qualified specialists. The object of the study is the personality of the scientist, the subject is the representation of personality through the analysis of the content of the documents of the Scientific Archive of the Federal Research Center "Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences" introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The appearance in Syktyvkar of the reporting documents of Shennikov and his young colleagues on geobotanical expeditions of the 1920s-1930s was explained by the evacuation of the Northern Base of the USSR Academy of Sciences from Arkhangelsk to Syktyvkar at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. The documents testify to the established scientific and organizational authority of Shennikov by the time of participation in the Pechora Brigade of the Polar Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1933) and the formation of the scientific community of geobotanists under his leadership. The post-war letters of the scientific consultant of the Komi branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences A.P. Shennikov and his wife Maria Mikhailovna reflect the pedagogical and scientific principles of the professor as an educator of researchers; show how the herbarium of the modern Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences was formed; prove the long-term creative cooperation with the botanists of Syktyvkar.
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Privalova, Elena. « Linguistic and Cultural Poetics of German Popular Science Texts (based on U. Stumpf’s “Kräuter : Gefährten am Wegesrand”) and Resultant Translation Challenges ». Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin, no 54 (30 juin 2021) : 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2021-54-2-58-76.
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The article examines several aspects of linguistic and cultural poetics of German popular science texts, which in many ways shape national and cultural specifics of such texts and thus influence the process of translating them into Russian. As a distinct hybrid, popular science texts are characterized by high information density, intertextuality, and a wide range of vocabulary and style. Popular science texts create a special information space in which national and cultural specifics play a significant role. The article presents the results of the linguistic, stylistic, and cultural analysis of the German popular science work on botany by W. Stumpf “Kräuter: Gefährten am Wegesrand,” The strongly marked linguistic and cultural poetics of this text is largely determined by the peculiarity of botany as a field of knowledge: namely the knowledge of herbs, based on discoveries of ancient botanists, on folk knowledge, and on the personal experience of the author. At the lexical level, the linguo-cultural specifics are most clearly manifested in the nominations of plants: etymologically interesting phytonyms, their synonymic chains, and lexical gaps identified in the translation process. As a cross between scientific, journalistic, and literary texts, popular science texts display features of all these styles, which also determines the density of their linguistic and cultural poetics. The article provides a translation of several passages into Russian in order to demonstrate some of the challenges in translating popular science texts while taking into account their national and cultural specifics. The results of the study can be used both in teaching German as a foreign language and in translation courses at all levels of general and professional education as well as in developing textbooks, thematic dictionaries, and botanical glossaries.
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Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., David Murray, Margaret G. Oliver, Hazel K. Berrios et Campbell O. Webb. « The Claytonia arctica Complex in Alaska—Analyzing a Beringian Taxonomic Puzzle Using Taxonomic Concepts ». Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 104, no 3 (11 septembre 2019) : 478–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2019491.
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Trans-Beringia taxa often present complex puzzles for taxonomists, a reflection of differing traditions and opinions, taxonomic approaches, and access to material from both sides of the Bering Strait. There is wide biological variation in perceived or circumscribed taxa whose populations are widespread within the regions and yet biogeographically isolated in Asia and/or America. The Claytonia arctica complex is one such example; it illustrates these issues well and has been dealt with by North American and Russian botanists in decidedly different ways. We reviewed specimens and examined the various taxonomic concepts of C. arctica through time and source publications. The relationships (alignments) among taxonomic concepts are presented in a graphical format. We found that much of the confusion related to C. arctica in Beringia stems from overlookingC. scammaniana Hultén sensu Hultén (1939), and placing too much emphasis on the woody caudex and perennation structures, during the creation of two taxonomic concepts: C. arctica Adams sensu Porsild and C. porsildii Jurtzev sensu Yurtsev. The C. arctica complex (in our current sense) is an evolutionary work in progress, resulting in partially differentiated races with much overlapping variability and intergradation of characters (particularly in C. scammaniana according to our current sense) that have not reached the level of stability (i.e., individuals may still intergrade freely) usually associated with the concept of species in other arctic lineages.
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Zinovyev, Vasiliy P., et Sergey G. Sulyak. « Scientific and Technical Associations of Tomsk Province ». Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 65, no 3 (2020) : 904–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.312.
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This article analyzes the corporate movement in the scientific and technical spheres of Russia’s largest Tomsk province in the late 19th — early 20th centuries. The authors have collected the most comprehensive information available in historiography about the scientific and technical associations of the province. In total, 35 associations have been identified. Tomsk, being a university city, had more scientific and technical associations than other cities — 20. It is determined that the most important factor in the emergence of scientific communities and their activity in the Tomsk province were higher educational institutions: the Imperial University (which opened in 1888); the Institute of Technology (1896), and Siberian Higher courses for women (1910), whose teachers initiated the majority of agricultural, medical, technical, local history, and humanitarian public associations. The second most important factor was the activity of officials of the regional administration concentrated in Tomsk — civil servants, engineers by education, in such spheres as transport, mining, telegraph, excise and others. The third factor in uniting fans of scientific activity was the Siberian group of the State Duma, which initiated the work of the society for the study of Siberia and improvement of its life. The fourth, the most numerous, but weak in scientific terms, group of associations was formed by agricultural specialists: agronomists, animal technicians, beekeepers, gardeners, botanists. The departments of the Imperial Russian geographical society in the Tomsk province were represented by one — the Altai sub-department in Barnaul. The authors conclude that scientific associations were non-political associations whose social significance was small in contrast to the scientific one.
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Razduyev, Aleksey V., Zalikha U. Khakiyeva et Petimat M. Zekiyeva. « The Specificity of Translation of English-Language Botanical Names into the Russian Language (Drawing on the Official Succulent Plant Names of Agavoideae Subfamily) ». Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no 1 (25 mars 2022) : 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-1-153-168.
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The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of translating English-language botanical names into the Russian language drawing on the example of the names of succulent plants of the Agave subfamily (Agavoideae), Agave genus. The topicality of the research is conditioned by the importance of the study of names of house plants (in particular, belonging to the Agave subfamily) due to their growing popularity and demand. A selection of the English- and Russian-language terminological and nomenclature units of the field of botany – species names of Agave has served as the research material, taking into account their etymology (origin), with a total volume of more than 640 units (270 units in the English language and more than 370 corresponding translation variants) selected by the continuous selection method from various electronic and printed sources, including dictionaries and glossaries, monographs, web portals on botanical topics. It is alleged that from more than 300 species of Agave described, but currently scientists have officially recognized only about 200 species, while their names require unification and standardization. In the course of work, a thematic classification of terms and nomens in the modern English and Russian languages has been conducted highlighting the key aspects of the nomination process and four thematic groups based on them, as well as a comparative analysis has been carried out determining the specifics of the translation of the selected terms and nomens from English into Russian. The methods of research of the English- and Russian-language terminological and nomenclature units of the botanical sphere include the method of continuous selection method, methods of component and definitional analysis, the method of etymological analysis, as well as methods of quantitative estimation. Within the framework of the work, it has been revealed that for 270 selected terminological and nomenclature units, there are 144 terminological elements of Latin origin, 47 term elements of Greek origin, units of Spanish, Portuguese and English origin are less represented; 74 terminological elements-proper names – surnames of famous botanists and discoverers, 50 terminological elements-proper names – geographical names; 11 terminological elements – local folk names of plants. It has been determined that two terminological elements of the same language are most often combined (Lat. + Lat. / Greek + Greek), there are only a few cases of a combination of terminological elements of Greek and Latin origin. Transcoding (transliteration and/or transcription, 270 cases) is the most frequent way of translating species names of agaves as the most universal method of translation, but it cannot transmit salient features that form the basis of the nomination. Calquing (full or partial) or its combination with transcoding (86 and 93 cases, respectively) are less often used in translation process, the selection of an analogue is even less often used translation method (23 cases). There is an obvious need to standardize the names of Agave species, to develop nomination models for new house (Agave) plants.
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Abou-Hadid, A. « Review of The vegetation of Egypt, by MA Zahran, AJ Willis and Concepts of symbiogenesis. A historical and critical study of the research of Russian botanists, by LN Khakhina ». Annals of Botany 72, no 4 (octobre 1993) : 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1993.1122.
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Karachencev, Ivan S., et Nadezhda M. Dmitrienko. « THE LEGAL BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE MUSEUM SCIENCE OF IMPERIAL TOMSK UNIVERSITY ». Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no 42 (2021) : 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/42/23.
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This article is dedicated to solving the actual scientific problem about the legislative foundations of museum construction. The materials of Imperial Tomsk University make it possible to examine the application of such important act documents as the University Charter of 1863 and the tsarist decree on the opening of the university in Tomsk in 1888. The authors analyze the content of the legislativ acts, find out the list of museums allowed by the authorities. The historical paradox in the museum history of Tomsk University is revealed. According to the University Charter of 1863, there were four faculties in Russian universities as a rule. They created rooms and museums of zoology, mineralogy, botany, anatomy, history and archaeology. These museums also were planned at Tomsk University during its foundation in 1878. Following the law, the head of the construction committee professor V.M. Florinskiy founded the Archaeological Museum at Tomsk University in 1882. However, the opening of Imperial Tomsk University took place in 1888 and only single medical faculty was opened. On the basis of provisional states, university museums of zoology, mineralogy, botany and anatomy were financed from the state treasury. The Archaeological Museum was out of state, and F.M. Florinskiy himself provided its work. He attracted donations in the form of money and museum collections, formed rich funds for archaeology, ethnography, and history. Without any outside support, he made and published a catalogue in three volumes of the Archaeological Museum. Therefore, he transformed the university’s museum into one of the most famous in Russia. Four other museums relied on state support as well as charity. They were equipped well and provided with money for scientific expeditions to collect museum subjects. Prominent researchers such as botanists S.I. Korzhinskiy and P.N. Krylov, geologist A.M. Zaitsev zoologist N.F. Kashchenko and anatomist N.M. Maliev worked in the university museums. The government's decision to allow females to work in the museums played an important part in the personnel provision of the university museums. In 1916, two graduates of the Siberian Higher Women's Courses, T. Tripolitova and E. Kiselyova, were admitted to the botanical and zoological museums of Imperial Tomsk University. At the end of the article, the authors admit that the legislative regulation of museum science at Imperial Tomsk University in the late 19th and early 20th century had some shortcomings. But complete rejection of laws issued before 1917 had an adverse effect on Tomsk University’ museums of Soviet era.
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Дубенок, Н. Н., А. В. Лебедев, С. Н. Волков, А. В. Гемонов, В. М. Градусов et Г. М. Миронова. « 160 Years of the Forest Experimental Station of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (1862-2022) ». Лесохозяйственная информация, no 4 (16 décembre 2022) : 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24419/lhi.2304-3083.2022.4.01.
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Лесная опытная дача Российского государственного аграрного университета - МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева является неотъемлемой частью становления и развития экспериментального лесоводства в России. Первые работы по изучению лесных насаждений начались здесь в 1862 г. В 2022 г. исполняется 160 лет со времени первого обустройства лесного массива и закладки первых постоянных пробных площадей, поэтому цель исследования - подведение основных итогов научно-исследовательских работ в Лесной опытной даче РГАУ - МСХА за 160 лет непрерывных наблюдений (1862-2022 гг.). С 1862 г. на опытной даче было заложено 258 постоянных пробных площадей в сосновых, лиственничных, березовых, дубовых и еловых насаждениях. Здесь проведены исследования по изучению роста чистых и смешанных древостоев, эффективности лесохозяйственных мероприятий и др., а также проанализирована гидрологическая роль лесных насаждений, их воздействие на перераспределение атмосферных осадков, поверхностный сток и испаряемость. Результаты исследований нашли отражение в научных работах лесоводов, почвоведов, экологов, ботаников, географов и специалистов других естественно-научных направлений. Насаждения Лесной опытной дачи имеют бесценное научное и производственное значение, позволяют формировать теоретические обобщения и разрабатывать практические рекомендации производству, проверенные временем. Forest Experimental Station of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy is connected with the formation and development of experimental forestry in Russia. The first work on the study of forest stands began here in 1862. 2022 marks another anniversary since the first arrangement of the forest area and the laying of the first permanent trial plots, so the purpose of the study is to sum up the main results of research work in the Forest Experimental Station of the RSAU-MTAA for 160 years of continuous observations (1862-2022). Since 1862, 258 permanent trial plots in pine, larch, birch, oak and spruce stands have been established in the Forest Experimental Station. The results of studying the growth of pure and mixed forest stands, the effect of fertilization, economic activities, the origin of seeds on the dynamics of forest stands were obtained. Studies of the hydrological role of forest stands have been carried out, showing their influence on the redistribution of atmospheric precipitation, water runoff and evaporation. In addition, the results of research are reflected in the scientific work of foresters, soil scientists, ecologists, botanists, geographers and specialists in other natural sciences. The stands of the Forest Experimental Station are of inestimable scientific and industrial importance, they allow making theoretical generalizations and developing time-tested practical recommendations for production.
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Weiner, Douglas R. « Feature ReviewConcepts of Symbiogenesis : A Historical and Critical Study of the Research of Russian Botanists. Liya Nikolaevna Khakhina , Lynn Margulis , Mark McMenamin , Stephanie Merkel , Robert CoalsonEvolution by Association : A History of Symbiosis. Jan Sapp ». Isis 87, no 1 (mars 1996) : 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/357407.
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Ivchenko, T. G., S. R. Znamenskiy, V. Yu Neshataeva, O. V. Galanina et N. S. Liksakova. « International Symposium “Mires of Northern Eurasia : biosphere functions, diversity and management” (Petrozavodsk, September 25–28, 2023) ». Vegetation of Russia, no 47 (2023) : 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2023.47.148.
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International Symposium “Mires of Northern Eurasia: Biosphere functions, diversity and management”, held on September 25–28, 2023 in Petrozavodsk, continued the traditions of the previous symposums organized by Karelian specialists in 2005 and 2015. Totally 101 participants from 21 regions of Russia and Belarus attended the Symposium. They represented 42 organizations: Universities and Research Institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, environmental organizations, Nature reserves and industrial enterprises. 86 scientists arrived to Petrozavodsk, 9 specialists presented online reports. During the two days of the Symposium, 6 plenary and 56 sectional oral presentations and 28 posters were presented. Six plenary presentations were devoted to the history of mire research in different regions, the diversity of types of mires and mire vegetation, the history of climate and vegetation dynamics in the Holocene, the importance of mires in the exchange of greenhouse gases and the development of modern methodological approaches to the study of mire dynamics. The most extensive section called “Diversity, structure, dynamics and functioning of mire ecosystems” contained 32 oral presentations. The issues of the typology of mire massifs of different regions of Russia, diversity and originality of mire plant communities, their dynamics, geographical distribution of mires, and conservation value of mire communities were highlighted. Such classical studies continue the traditions of the Russian and Soviet geobotanical school and provide a new level of insight into mire ecosystems and form the basis for solving such current problems as assessment of climate change, carbon balance, protection of rare species. The traditional part of the mire conferences are the presentations devoted to paleoecology, based on the results of analysis of the peat deposit structure, were. Within the section “Mires and climate in the Holocene, Paleoecology” 15 oral presentations were devoted to the impact of climate change to the Holocene vegetation, the frequency of natural fires that have left traces in the peat sediments, reconstruction of vegetation successions on mires and their connections with archaeological research of the Middle Ages. Separately, a wide range of methods used by paleo ecologists was noted. Along them together with traditional spore-pollen analysis and analysis of plant macrofossils, some modern methods of analyzing arthropods and mollusks and testate amoebas were used. At the section entitled “Research methods, management of mire ecosystems and their restoration” nine reports were presented, covering such topics as the influence of cranberry pickers’ on the mire vegetation, remote sensing methods used for monitoring plant successions and typology of mire ecosystems, the growth of sphagnum mosses as an indicator of activity of ultraviolet, and thermal analysis of organic matter of peat soils. Twenty eight posters were exhibited at the poster session, their topics mostly repeated such of sectional presentations, but were more specific. The works of young scientists and students were presented there. The youngest participant of the session and the entire Symposium was a student of the Lomonosov Lyceum from Arkhangelsk, who presented a poster on the features of cranberries cultivated in the White Sea region. An important part of the symposium were field trips. During two days participants were able to visit two remarkable sites in the southern part of Karelia. Small eutrophic fens near the village of Kolatselga (150 km west of Petrozavodsk) had a specific floristic composition. In 1942–43, two Finnish botanists have described these mires. Their publication provided an excellent comparative data for the further researchers. The participants of the Symposium visited four of these fens and assessed their current state. Another object of excursion were the mires of the Kivach Nature Reserve situated 80 km north from Petrozavodsk. The Reserve is a popular tourist attraction for visiting the Kivach Waterfall on the Suna River. However, the local nature is quite rich, diverse and picturesque, so the reserve serves as a traditional place for environmental research in Karelia. Local mires are also well studied; the participants of the Symposium visited some of them. Video broadcasts of the symposium sessions are available on Youtube channel of the Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a collection of abstracts has been published (Mires…, 2023).
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Попова, О. Д. « Cool Books as a Guide to Food and Nutrition during World War II ». Вестник Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина, no 4(77) (16 mars 2023) : 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2022.77.4.006.
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В статье анализируются кулинарные книги периода Великой Отечественной войны. Автор рассматривает брошюры, изданные в блокадном Ленинграде, Москве, сибирских городах. Немаловажное участие в их создании принимали ученые-ботаники, специалисты Всесоюзного научно-исследовательского института, работники общепита. Привлеченные в статье мемуары современников показывают особенности быта, специфику пищевых практик населения в годы войны и потребность в таких специальных изданиях. Проведенный анализ позволяет сделать вывод о том, что с помощью новых кулинарных рецептов решались наиболее насущные проблемы: борьба с авитаминозом, использование в пище дикорастущих растений, белковых дрожжей, налаживание в тылу сбора полезных растений для нужд фронта. Особенно большое значение такие издания имели в блокадном Ленинграде. В тылу же они нацеливали население на более привычную деятельность: сбор грибов, ягод, плодов деревьев. В статье показано, что кулинарные книги сыграли значимую роль в системе управления обществом. Брошюры предназначались в первую очередь не для домашнего использования, а помогали в организации питания в столовых на предприятиях, в армии. Издания позднего периода Великой Отечественной войны свидетельствуют о стремлении наладить уже более обыденные практики — потребление в пищу сладостей из растительного сырья и мороженого. The article analyzes cook books of World War II. The author focuses on cook books published in Leningrad under siege, in Moscow, in Siberian cities. Cook books were a result of collaborative work of botanists, specialists of the All-Russian Research Institute and cooks. The analyzed memoirs show the peculiarities of everyday life, the peculiarities of food intake in wartime, the importance of cook books promoting wise eating in wartime. The analysis of the materials enables the author to conclude that new recipes solved many urgent problems, such as vitamin deficiency, wild plant consumption, plant gathering and foraging for the need of the front. Such cook books were especially important in Leningrad under siege. In rear regions, cook books instructed people to gather mushrooms, berries, fruit. The article shows that cook books played an important role in public management. Cook books, which were meant for home use, were also used in canteens, in the army. Cooks books published in the late-war period show that people tried to reintroduce pre-war culinary practices, such as vegan sweets and ice-cream.
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Golub, V. B. « L. G. Ramensky is the faculty member at the Voronezh University and his students ». Vegetation of Russia, no 31 (2017) : 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2017.31.139.
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This paper follows the series of publications in «Vegetation of Russia» devoted to L. G. Ramensky (Golub, 2013, 2014, 2017). It describes a period of 1924–1928 when Ramensky worked at the Voronezh State University (VSU). This period of his life has previously been largely unknown even in the VSU. Furthermore, the author tries to follow the scientific life of Ramensky's students who have chosen the profession of phytocenologist. It turned out that events of 1924–1928 are difficult to restore, as a significant part of the VSU archive was lost during the World War II. Nevertheless, several new facts were found. Outstanding Russian botanists B. A. Keller (1874–1945) and B. M. Kozo-Polyansky (1890–1957) were colleagues by Ramensky at the VSU. Kozo-Polyansky, who was a head of the VSU Department of Botany, helped Ramensky's family to establish their life in Voronezh. He provided them with accommodation directly at the Department of Botany. The author found documents proving a previously unknown fact that Ramensky had worked at the VSU Department of Geobotany. However, after Ramensky left the University, this department was closed, and with time its existence at the VSU in 1920s was forgotten. The current Department of Botany and Mycology of the VSU, which will celebrate 100th anniversary in 2018, is not a successor of the Department of Geobotany. Two of the students who received education under the leadership by Ramensky at the VSU, M. V. Nikolaevskaya and I. A. Tsatsenkin, became professional geobotanists. M. V. Nikolaevskaya (1900–1950) worked with Ramensky for many years after graduation from the VSU. In 1932–1935 she participated in the inventory of natural forage lands of the USSR headed by Ramensky. Since 1936 until the end of her life Nikolaevskaya held the position of a scientific researcher at the Voronezh State Nature Reserve. Classification of its vegetation (Nikolaevskaya, 1971) became a result of her the long-term investigations. She was the first geobotanist in the USSR who applied Ramensky's indicator values for vegetation classification. I. A. Tsatsenkin (1905–1973) already in his second year at the VSU was involved as a student in geobotanical studies supervised by Ramensky. Since 1930, he permanently worked at the All-Union Williams Fodder Research Institute. Tsatsenkin was Ramensky's closest assistant in the course of the 1932–1935 campaign on the inventory of the natural forage lands of the USSR. In 1940–1943 he headed the Hay-and-pasture expedition to study the Gobi Desert in Mongolia. After Ramensky's death, Tsatsenkin, together with the staff of the institute, completed the work on the ecological indicator values of plants of the European part of the USSR (Ramensky et al., 1956).
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Fayzulin, A. I. « SERGEY VLADIMIROVICH SAXONOV - STROKES TO THE BIOGRAPHY ». Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 22, no 6 (2020) : 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2020-22-6-9-13.
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The article considers the main moments of life and stages of formation of the Russian naturalist, ecologist, botanist, organizer and historian of science, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Sergey Vladimirovich Saksonov
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Графова, Е. О. « Influence of Botanical Research on the Development of the Art Nouveau Style in Western Europe and Russia (The Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries) ». Nasledie Vekov, no 4(28) (31 décembre 2020) : 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36343/sb.2021.28.4.007.
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Автор определяет значение ботанических исследований и связанного с ними жанра ботанической иллюстрации для эволюции отечественного и зарубежного декоративно-прикладного искусства (ДПИ) эпохи модерна. Материалами выступают мемуарная литература, альбомы ботанической иллюстрации, ряд научных разработок, отраженных в обзорных монографиях по истории и стилистике ар-нуво, а также результаты прикладных исследований. Изучены зарубежные выставки садоводства рубежа XIX–XX вв., охарактеризованы своды произведений ботанической иллюстрации и издания по дизайну, относящиеся к этому периоду. Выявлены флоральные мотивы в творчестве отечественных и зарубежных мастеров ДПИ. Установлено, что флоральные сюжеты ар-нуво возникли во многом на фундаменте открытий ученых-ботаников и ботаническая иллюстрация явилась основой для соответствующих художественных мотивов. Использование в произведениях ДПИ эпохи модерна растений служило своеобразным средством популяризации и сохранения природного наследия. The author reveals the importance of scientific research in the field of botany and plant acclimatization, as well as related works of botanical illustration, for the development of certain branches of arts and crafts of the Art Nouveau Era in Russia and abroad. A wide range of materials is used: memoirs, albums of botanical illustration, a number of scientific developments reflected in overview monographs on the history and style of Art Nouveau, the results of applied research by art historians, philosophers and specialists in the history of architecture and arts and crafts. The author proceeds from the thesis about the synergy of science and art, which presupposes the consideration of these two forms of understanding objective reality (and the corresponding methods and types of activity) as closely related objects. The author employs diachronic, systemic-historical and historical-genetic methods, as well as iconographic techniques and methods of researching the symbolic content of works. The main idea of the research is to trace and reconstruct the links between developments in the field of scientific gardening at the turn of the 20th century and the development of floral themes in the arts and crafts of the Art Nouveau Era. An exhibition of horticulture, which took place during this period in Western Europe, is considered; and plant species that were popular among specialists engaged in their acclimatization and cultivation are established. Collections of works of botanical illustration and publications on design, published during the period under study, were analyzed to identify the sources of creative searches of European Art Nouveau artists. Attention is paid to the Paris World Exhibition of 1900, which took place at the dawn of the Art Nouveau Era and was a platform for demonstrating the main trends in the development of European art. Floral motives in the works of Russian and foreign jewelers, ceramists, glassblowers and architects are revealed; the degree of their realism is determined, which serves as an indicator of the connection between artistic embodiment and natural prototype. It has been established that the floral plots of Art Nouveau arose largely on the foundation of the discoveries of botanists, and botanical illustration was the basis for the corresponding artistic motives. Knowledge in the field of plant morphology opened new contexts in the iconography of the artistic heritage of Europe and Russia. The use of plants in the works of decorative and applied art in the Art Nouveau Era served as a kind of means for popularizing and preserving natural heritage.
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Kobozev, D. R., et A. Chayanov. « Foreword [Preduvedomlenie] to the unpublished collection of novellas by Botanist X. » Voprosy literatury, no 4 (28 août 2020) : 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2020-4-266-275.
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The first publication of the complete Foreword [Preduvedomlenie] authored by the renowned Russian economist and writer A. Chayanov in the Russian language (1999 saw the publication of the French version). The piece is considered to be an inseparable part of his ‘Moscow Hoffmanniada.’ To illustrate the book, Chayanov invited the master of smallscale graphics A. Kravchenko, who later became a classic of the romantic tradition in Russian 20th-c. graphic art. The publication never happened, banned by Glavlit (the official Soviet censorship organ) in 1926, and the Foreword was archived. This Foreword was missing from all subsequent publications of Chayanov’s romantic novellas, although the commentators kept referring to the piece. The article seeks to correct the situation and draw the readers’ attention to the text, printed in full after the typewritten manuscript stored in GARF (the State Archive of the Russian Federation), upon elimination of typos and obvious inaccuracies, assuming that the Foreword is part and parcel of Chayanov’s ‘botanical Hoffmanniada.’
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Haygood, Margo G. « Symbioticists Rediscovered : Concepts of Symblogenesis . A Historical and Critical Study of the Research of Russian Botanists. Liya Nikolaevna Khakhina. Lynn Margulis and Mark McMenamin, Eds. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1993. xxxii, 177 pp., illus. $35 or £22.50. Bio-Origins Series. Translated from the Russian edition (Leningrad, 1979) by Stephanie Merkel and Robert Coalson. » Science 261, no 5121 (30 juillet 1993) : 628–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.261.5121.628.b.
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Saffo, Mary Beth. « Evolution of Symbiosis Concepts of Symbiogenesis : A Historical and Critical Study of the Research of Russian Botanists Liya N. Khakina Lynn Margulis Mark McMenamin Stephanie Merkel Robert Coalson Evolution by Association : A History of Symbiosis Jan Sapp Symbiotic Interactions Angela E. Douglas ». BioScience 46, no 4 (avril 1996) : 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1312839.
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Matveyeva, N. V. « The retrospective of study of the Far North vegetation at the Komarov Botanical institute RAS for the one and half century and prospects for the XXI ». Vegetation of Russia, no 25 (2014) : 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2014.25.142.
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The history of the plant cover studies of the Far North in the Komarov Botanical Institute (BIN) and its predecessors dates back to the second third of the XIX century and it is associated with the names of two eminent botanists — A. Schrenk and F. Ruprecht, who in 1837 and 1841 years made their long trips to the north of the European part of Russia. A long break in the study of the Arctic, which came after that, has been resumed within our institute only in the Soviet period. Already before the Great Patriotic war the scientific expeditions were organized both on the European North and on the Asian part of the Arctic up to the eastern borders of the country. In the 1920–1930th the brightest star in the sky of the Russian tundrology – B. N. Gorodkov worked on the vast area fr om the Kola Peninsula up to the Wrangel Island. This vigorous activity resulted in excellent descriptions of plant cover, and the classic, still actively quoted monograph «The vegetation of the tundra zone of the USSR» was published in 1935. In 1930–1931 years a lot of scientists (F. V. Sambuk, A. I. Leskov, K. N. Igoshina, M. N. Avramchik, V. P. Savich, Z. N. Smirnova and others) participated in various botanical expeditions (the Franz Josef Land, the Novaya Zemlya, the Kolguev Isl., the Malozemelskaya tundra, the interior parts of Taymyr Peninsula). The Great Patriotic war had interrupted botanical work in the Arctic. However the numerous expeditions took place as early as in the first post-war years (1946– 1949). At that time, besides mentioned researchers, B. A. Tikhomirov has already participated in these studies. Later (1952) B. A. headed the Sector of North, transformed in 1960 into the Laboratory of the vegetation of Far North. This Laboratory is the exclusive botanical team not only in Russia but throughout the world, which all over its existence was being specialized in comprehensive study of plant cover in the Arctic, coordinating the northern investigations within the whole country. The outstanding achievement, received international recognition, is undoubtedly the multi-volume edition «Arctic Flora of the USSR» (1960–1987), initiated by the eminent botanist A. I. Tolmachev and completed through intense activity by B. A. Yurtsev. This great work, later translated into English, was done during the large-scale floristic studies in different regions of the Asian Arctic fr om the Yamal, Gydan and Taymyr peninsulas in the west to Chukotka in the east. The implementation of annual field work became possible due to the establishment of Polar Expedition, funded by a «separate item» within the budget of the Institute. A period fr om 1966 to 1991 year without exaggeration may be called as «golden age» in the study of vegetation of the Russian Arctic. This was a time when not only numerous research teams carrying out the floristic studies, but up to 3 long-term research stations simultaneously worked in one field season. The durable stationary studies were performed in the Bolshezemelskaya Tundra (Sivaya Maska), on the Taymyr Peninsula (Tareya and Agapa settlements and Ary-Mas forest «island»), Putorana plateau (Kapchuk lake) and Wrangel Island (Somnitelnaya Bay). According to the results of these stationary studies 11 collective Proceedings have been published. Most lasting (1965–1977) and large-scale investigations were biogeocenological studies at the «Tareya» station, wh ere in the period of the International Biological Program the organizational skills by B. A. Tikhomirov collected up to 40 specialists from different branches of biology and ecology. In the years 1972–1991 these works were continued on Taymyr Peninsula at 6 short-term field stations at the latitudinal gradient from southern tundra up to polar deserts, which became the basis for a comprehensive study of zonation display in the living cover. As a result of extensive studies by the method of concrete floras the data on the composition of vascular plants for nearly 170 sites in all latitude-zonal stripes of Asian North from Yamal up to Chukotka has been obtained. At present these data are the fundamental basis for work on the detailed floristic subdivisions that was started by the great trio — B. A. Yurtsev, A. I. Tolmachev and O. V. Rebristaya in their famous paper «Arctic floristic region» (1978). The end of the last and the beginning of this century became a time of summing up the study of arctic flora and vegetation. The checklists of fungi, lichens, mosses and liverworts of Russian Arctic were compiled; the monographs on the vascular flora of Chukotka and Yamal as well as the book on mosses of Chukotka were published. The electronic version of Pan-Arctic flora and the Circumpolar vegetation map of the Arctic were prepared with the active participation of BIN florists and geobotanists. In the last ten years the obvious lack of information on the diversity of plant communities at the vast arctic territory is being compensated by publishing the numerous papers on syntaxonomy. The intensity of field works, declined sharply in the early 1990s, still continues, albeit in smaller scale. For the first time in the history of the study of the Far North nature the recurrent botanical observations were made in few sites wh ere many-sided studies were performed in the past. This allows assessing the dynamics in the flora and vegetation in situ. The changes in plant cover are well recorded by the earth’s surface remote sensing using multispectral satellite imagery. The analysis of image series allows us to monitor changes in intra-landscape vegetation patterns as well as some technological and cryogenic transformations. In the development of the concepts of classical Arctic and Antarctic geobotanical subdivision suggested by V. D. Aleksandrova for higher system units, the work on the designation of the lower units is being intensified presently. An assessment of current environmental safety of Arctic ecosystems in the areas with heavy anthropogenic load caused by oil and gas production will be the most required in the nearest future. However, there are still large areas within the vast Arctic territories wh ere classic fundamental studies are necessary to close the «white spots» in our knowledge of plant cover. The growing geopolitical interest to the Arctic region gives the hope for the revival of full-scale researches, which are impossible without adequate funding. More than one and a half century of brilliant botanical investigations in the Arctic were carried out by our famous predecessors. This fact allows us to look optimistically for the future and expect the growth of the scientific activities in the Far North.
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Väre, Henry. « Finnish botanists and mycologists in the Arctic ». Arctic Science 3, no 3 (1 septembre 2017) : 525–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0051.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Finnish botanists and mycologists have studied Arctic areas and timberline regions since the beginning of the 18th century. Most expeditions to the Kola Peninsula were made between 1800 and 1917 and until 1945 to Lapponia petsamoënsis on the western rim of the Kola Peninsula. Since those years, these areas have been part of the Soviet Union or Russia. Svalbard and Newfoundland and Labrador have been studied repeatedly as well, Svalbard since the 1860s and Newfoundland and Labrador since the 1930s. This article focuses on Finnish collections. These are deposited in the herbaria of Helsinki, Turku, and Oulu universities, except materials from the Nordenskiöld expeditions, which were mainly deposited in Stockholm. Concerning the Kola Peninsula, collections at Helsinki are the most extensive. The exact number of specimens is not known, but by rough estimation, the number is about 60 000, with an additional 110 000 observations included in the database. These expeditions have provided material to describe 305 new taxa to science, viz. 47 algae, 78 bryophytes, 25 fungi, 136 lichens, and 19 vascular plants. This number is an underestimate, as many new species have been described in several separate taxonomic articles. At least 63 persons have contributed to making these collections to Finnish herbaria. Of those, 52 are of Finnish nationality.
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Rusanov, K. V. « Kharkov in the formation of N. V. Morozova-Vodyanitskaya as a botanist-algologist ». Marine Biological Journal 2, no 2 (30 juin 2017) : 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2017.02.2.09.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the work, a number of facts and dates of the Kharkov period of life (1893–1920) of the botanist-algologist Nina Vasilievna Morozova-Vodyanitskaya are given, who graduated from the Kharkov High Women’s Courses, taught at them (as well as in other educational institutions of the city) and studied algae under the guidance of V. M. Arnoldi, Professor of the Departments of Botany of Kharkov University and High Courses. The origin of the rich merchant family allowed N. V. Morozova get both secondary and high education. The Kharkov High Women’s Courses were a huge, rapidly developing non-state high educational institution, similar to the classical university in terms of teaching natural sciences, equipping departments and laboratories, and the number of students. The Department of Botany, where N. V. Morozova studied and worked as a laboratory assistant and then as an assistant, has provided to the students an extensive workshop, participation in excursions outside the city and in expeditions to the basims of Russia. Students of the courses had the opportunity to engage in scientific work in laboratories and at a biological station on the Seversky Donets River. Among the students and junior teachers (colleagues of N. V. Morozova-Vodyanitskaya, who has formed the scientific school of V. M. Arnoldi) there were many well-known botanists, algologists, hydrobiologists who became professors, correspondent members, and so on. It is concluded that the scientific and pedagogical environment surrounding of N. V. Morozov-Vodyanitskaya in Kharkov favored her becoming as a researcher. Only the harsh conditions of the Civil War and devastation delayed the publication of the results of the first work of a young algologist, started in 1913.
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Кrut’, М. V. « Botanist and entomologist – Kh.Kh. Steven ». Ukrainian Entomological Journal 16, no 1 (2 octobre 2019) : 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/281907.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Khristian Khristianovich Steven is a founder and first director of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, a general inspector of sericulture and agriculture of South Russia (1826–1851). He was a known researcher of nature of XIX century, botanist, entomologist and horticulturist. On constant inspector tours he investigated the experience of sericulture, viticulture and horticulture, gathered collections of insects, herbariums. In 1808 he created a silk-mill near Bendery. In 1820–1821 Steven visited leading scientific and horticultural centres of Europe: he has been to Austria, Germany, Switzerland, France, Greece, Italy and Turkey. He took large collections of insects and plants out there. One collection of insects was destined for Moscow University, and another thing was by Ministry of State Property for agricultural school. The scientific heritage of Khristian Khristianovich Steven in the sphere of entomology consists of 11 published works, which are of faunistic character. He made an inventory of new insects too, in particular goldfish beetles. It has been indicated the possibilities of coating with putty of the vine’s lower part near ground to protect of it from grape scrub (Otiorhynchus asphaltinus Germ.). This putty was applied against other larvae of pest insects.
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Артемов, И. А. « FLORA OF THE WESTERN TANNU-OLA RANGE (TYVA REPUBLIC) ». Растительный мир Азиатской России 17, no 1 (22 avril 2024) : 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/rmar20240103.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Таксономический анализ показал, что в число десяти наиболее крупных семейств флоры входят: Asteraceae (119 видов и подвидов), Poaceae (106), Fabaceae (67), Rosaceae (64), Caryophyllaceae (53), Cyperaceae (50), Ranunculaceae (48), Brassicaceae (45), Lamiaceae (35) и Scrophulariaceae (30). Набор десяти крупнейших семейств флоры совпадает с десятью преобладающими семействами флор Бореальной области. В тройку крупнейших семейств флоры хребта Западный Танну-Ола входит семейство Fabaceae, что также отмечено для флоры российской части хр. Цаган-Шибэту, примыкающему к Западному Танну-Ола, свойственно среднеазиатским флорам Туранской подобласти Средиземноморской области и центральноазиатской флоре Монголии. Данные факты, по всей видимости, обусловлены положением хр. Западный Танну-Ола на мировом водоразделе, вследствие чего его флора имеет признаки как североазиатских, так и среднеазиатских и центральноазиатских флор. В пределах хребта под охраной находятся 26 видов флоры, занесенных в Красную книгу Российской Федерации и/или в Красную книгу Республики Тыва. Floras of mountain territories are of interest due to their species richness. The purpose of this work was to compile a checklist of the flora of the Western Tannu-Ola Range, to reveal protected species of the flora and species that were not previously indicated for the nature region of Tyva, to which the territory of the range belongs. To compile the checklist, data from the author’s expeditions in 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2014 and 2019 were used, as well as the herbarium by other botanists collected on the Western Tannu-Ola Range in 1946–1993 and stored in the Herbaria of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden (NS, NSK). The herbarium was collected in 27 localities, rather evenly distributed over the territory of the range and its foothills. Electronic databases of field records and herbarium specimen labels, created by the author in MS Access, were used in checklist compiling for obtaining information on the distribution and ecological features of species on the Western Tannu-Ola Range. The flora of the Western Tannu-Ola Range comprises 981 species and subspecies of vascular plants which belong to 344 genera and 79 families. The 10 biggest families are Asteraceae (119 species and subspecies), Poaceae (106), Fabaceae (67), Rosaceae (64), Caryophyllaceae (53), Cyperaceae (50), Ranunculaceae (48), Brassicaceae (45), Lamiaceae (35) and Scrophulariaceae (30). All the ten largest families are the same as the ten largest families of the Boreal Region. The family Fabaceae is one of the three largest families of the flora, what was revealed for the flora of the adjacent Tsagan-Shibetu Range and what is peculiar for the Turan floras in the Middle Asia and the flora of Mongolia in the Central Asia. These facts apparently are due tоsituation of the Western Tannu-Ola Range on the world watershed, as a result of what its flora has features of both North Asian and Central Asian floras. Twenty six species of the flora are under federal or regional protection and are included into the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and/or the Red Data Book of the Tyva Republic as rare or reducing in number.
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Petruk, Anastasija A., et Nataliya K. Kovtonyuk. « Heritage of A.P. Khokhryakov in the digital herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS ». Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody Otdel Biologicheskii 128, no 2023. T. 128. Vyp. 5. (22 janvier 2024) : 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0027-1403-bb-2023-128-5-34-39.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article is dedicated to the memory of A.P. Khokhrjakov, a famous Soviet and Russian botanist, who was tirelessly passionate about collecting scientific herbarium throughout his life. The contribution of A.P. Khokhryakov to the study of biodiversity is shown by the example of the genus Salix L. (Salicaceae) specimens in the Digital Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS. Collectors of S. magadanensis Nedol. type specimens are clarified.
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OVCZINNIKOVA, SVETLANA. « A new species Lappula botschantzevii (Boraginaceae) from the Northern Africa ». Phytotaxa 522, no 1 (5 octobre 2021) : 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.1.5.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A new species, Lappula botschantzevii, is described from the desert zone of North-Western Africa. The new species belongs to the section Lappula and is close to the species L. patula, from which it differs in a smaller corolla, a scorpioid inflorescence (bilateral flowers) with loosely spaced flowers, a heteromorphic coenobium with two types of eremocarps: A) winged with glochids and a large number of spines along the edges of the disc of eremocarps and B) with a second short row of spines. The species is described based on samples from collections housed in three herbaria: Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Sankt-Peterburg (LE, Russia) and Muséum National d ‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris (P, France), Université de Montpellier (MPU). It is named after the Russian botanist Viktor Petrovich Botschantzev, who spent many years studying the flora of Africa and who collected samples of the new species. The absence of holotypes required the typification of the names of the studied species Lappula patula, L. capensis and L. eckloniana.
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OVCZINNIKOVA, SVETLANA. « A new species Lappula botschantzevii (Boraginaceae) from the Northern Africa ». Phytotaxa 522, no 1 (5 octobre 2021) : 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.522.1.5.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A new species, Lappula botschantzevii, is described from the desert zone of North-Western Africa. The new species belongs to the section Lappula and is close to the species L. patula, from which it differs in a smaller corolla, a scorpioid inflorescence (bilateral flowers) with loosely spaced flowers, a heteromorphic coenobium with two types of eremocarps: A) winged with glochids and a large number of spines along the edges of the disc of eremocarps and B) with a second short row of spines. The species is described based on samples from collections housed in three herbaria: Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Sankt-Peterburg (LE, Russia) and Muséum National d ‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris (P, France), Université de Montpellier (MPU). It is named after the Russian botanist Viktor Petrovich Botschantzev, who spent many years studying the flora of Africa and who collected samples of the new species. The absence of holotypes required the typification of the names of the studied species Lappula patula, L. capensis and L. eckloniana.
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Shumeiko, Larissa. « Konstantin Sergeevič Merežkovskij (1855-1921) als Begründer der Symbiogenesetheorie der Evolution ». Gesnerus 58, no 1-2 (3 décembre 2001) : 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0580102004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Russian botanist, Konstantin Sergeevic Merezkovskij (1855-1921). established between 1904 and 1910 a new theory about the origin of organisms, the theory of symbiogenesis. It was based on his long-standing research of diatomeae as well as on new results in bacteriology, cytology, and physiology. Little attention was paid to this scientist and his theory which was mainly due to his unusual career, use of the Russian language, political reasons, and the bold way he propagated his theory. Only when Lynn Margulis around 1970 made new contributions to the theory of symbiogenesis was Merezkovskij remembered as the most important forerunner of this idea.
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Petrovskiy, M. N. « N. V. Kudryavtsev and geological researches of the Russian Lapland by the Murmansk expedition in 1880 ». Transaction Kola Science Centre 12, no 4-2021 (10 décembre 2021) : 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2021.4.21.003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article is devoted to the history of the Murmansk expedition, which in 1880 studied the fauna, flora and geology of the Russian Lapland on assignment of the Department of Zoology and Physiology of the St. Petersburg Society of Naturalists. It examines: the biography of Nikolai Vasilyevich Kudryavtsev (1855–1906), a geologist and botanist of the expedition, who led its land detachment, who studied the Kola Peninsula along the Postal Route; scientific results obtained by N. V. Kudryavtsev during the expedition.
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Korzun, V. Р. « “Science on Display” : The Russian Phenomenon of Science Popularization in Eric Ashby’s Perspective ». Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 165, no 4-5 (18 janvier 2024) : 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2023.4-5.182-191.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article considers the popularization of Soviet science through the lens of the Australian botanist Eric Ashby, the author of the book “Scientist in Russia” published in New York in 1947. Although it has gone unnoticed in Russian historiography, this publication deserves thoughtful consideration for many reasons. Firstly, it addresses the current problem of public history. Secondly, it clarifies the role of cultural factors and national traditions in the development of Soviet science. Thirdly, it sheds light on the formation of a system of values in relation to science and scholars, which is closely linked to commemorative events. As an attentive foreign observer, E. Ashby succeeded in sketching his ideas about Soviet science. Here, his viewpoints are analyzed. The conceptualizing of the phenomenon of science popularization associated with academic anniversaries is discussed with respect to the celebration of the 220th anniversary of the USSR Academy of Sciences in June 1945, in which E. Ashby participated. The conclusions drawn from the study are as follows. E. Ashby related the extensive popularization of Soviet science to cultural paradigm, Russian literature, pre-revolutionary enlightenment practices, and the practical concept of applied knowledge. He emphasized the important role of science popularization in elevating the status of scientific knowledge and scholars in Soviet society. However, he also stressed possible negative consequences of overpopularized science, such as the hierarchization of the academic community based on popularity rather than scientific achievements.
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Stüber, Martin. « Forschungsreisen im Studierzimmer. Zur Rezeption der Grossen Nordischen Expedition (1733-1743) bei Albrecht von Haller und Samuel Engel ». Gesnerus 57, no 3-4 (27 novembre 2000) : 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0570304003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
New discoveries, in order to become scientifically recognized facts, depend on the discourse of the scientific community. Explorers abroad thus depend on the scholars "left behind" who check and compare their reports by means of books, journals, and correspondence, attempting to establish a context. For the Great Nordic Expedition (1733-1743) this process of reception was hampered by the restrictive Russian information policy. This study shows the different ways a botanist and a geographer not participating in the Great Nordic Expedition perused the information released, their methods of interpretation, and the scientific gains obtained.
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BOLTENKOV, EUGENY V. « Typification of the junos names (Iridaceae) published by A.I. Vvedensky ». Phytotaxa 252, no 2 (10 mars 2016) : 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.252.2.7.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A total of thirteen names of the juno irises (Iridaceae) were published by the Russian botanist Aleksey Ivanovich Vvedensky (1898–1972), and now some of these names are in need of typification. The holotypes for the names Juno capnoides, J. hippolyti, J. inconspicua, J. nicolai, J. tadshikorum, J. vicaria, and J. zenaidae are here indicated; the lectotypes for the names Iris subdecolorata, Juno leptorrhiza, J. maracandica, J. popovii, and the neotype for J. svetlanae are here designated. Furthermore, the name Juno parvula is here validated. The original material was collected from the Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union (especially Uzbekistan) and deposited mainly in the Central Herbarium of Uzbekistan (TASH).
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Kozlov, MV. « Insects identified by unqualified scientists : multiple “new” records from the Murmansk oblast of Russia are dismissed as false ». Arctic Environmental Research 19, no 4 (31 décembre 2019) : 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/issn2541-8416.2019.19.4.153.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A recently published book authored by six botanists (Rak NS, Goncharova OA, Poloskova EY, Litvinova SV, Zotova OE, Lipponen IN. 2018. Bioecological analysis of introducents of the family Rosaceae Juss. Kola Science Centre, Apatity, 87 pp.) reports information on 19 species of insects that are declared to damage woody Rosaceae plants in the central part of the Murmansk oblast of Russia. Examination of photographs published in this book revealed that 15 of these 19 species were identified incorrectly and that several of the illustrated species are unlikely to damage woody Rosaceae plants. The most striking examples are errors in determination at the order level: a syrphid fly (Diptera) identified as a leafcutter bee (Hymenoptera), and a sawfly (Hymenoptera) identified as a psyllid (Hemiptera). I provide correct identifications of the insects illustrated in the cited book in order to prevent the spread of erroneous information across future publications and databases.
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Blinova, I. V. « The northern range of rare plant species in the NE Fennoscandia between historical and recent climatic changes : the case of Eriophorum gracile (Cyperaceae) ». Environmental Dynamics and Global Climate Change 14, no 1 (26 juillet 2023) : 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18822/edgcc567769.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Determinants of range limits for a concrete plant species are still debated because of their complexities [Roy et al. 2009]. In periods of climatic changes, the responses of plants of rare species are more pronounced in comparison to those of common plant species because their adaptation limits, especially climatic, may be depleted [Nielsen et al., 2019; Niskanen et al., 2019; Tyler et al. 2020]. A large-scale historical path of species which reflects past climates compared to small-scale trends of current climate could be prognostic for an estimation of extinction rate [Liu et al., 2017]. The Murmansk Region (6670 N), located in the north-eastern corner of Russian Fennoscandia, is a part of the Atlantic-Arctic zone of temperate belt with a rather mild climate. The snow cover period extends from the middle of October until the end of May, and the thermal growing season from early June until the middle of September. The average amount of precipitation varies from 800 to 1200 mm in mountainous regions and from 500 to 800 mm in the greater part of the lowland area [Yakovlev 1961; Yakovlev, Kozlova 1971]. Murmansk Region is geomorphologically part of the Baltic Shield, and its topography generally becomes lower from northwest to southeast [Geologiya SSSR, 1958]. It contains the oldest rocks of the European continent which are mainly composed by granites and gneisses with local alkaline intrusions in its eastern part [Pozhilenko et al., 2002; Ivanyuk et al., 2008]. Two latitudinal vegetation zones can be distinguished: tundra and taiga [Ramenskaya 1983]. The taiga zone is divided into the transitional forest-tundra zone and the northern taiga [Chernov 1971]. The biogeographic provinces of Eastern Fennoscandia were first described by Finnish botanists in 1859 and further developed at the end of the 1800s and early 1900s [Hmet-Ahti et al., 1998; Uotila, 2013]. Of the eight provinces, Lapponia petsamonsis (Lps), Lapponia tulomensis (Lt), Lapponia murmanica (Lm), Lapponia Imandrae (Lim), Lapponia Varsugae (Lv), Lapponia ponojensis (Lp) have borders entirely within Murmansk Region. Only small parts of the two southern provinces Regio kuusamonsis (Ks) and Karelia keretina (Kk) are included in Murmansk Region. The largest part of Kk is situated in the Republic of Karelia. Of Ks the largest part lies in Finland and another small part is in Karelia. Eriophorum gracile is rare plant species from Cyperaceae. It is included in many regional Red data books of the Russian Federation and also in Murmansk Region [Krasnaya, 2014]. In Fennoscandia the species is inserted in the Red data list of Norway [Kls et al., 2010]. E. gracile is a specialist species of rich fens which occur sporadically in Europe and rarely north of the Arctic Circle [Lansdown, 2011]. Specimens of E. gracile from the following herbaria were examined: KPABG, H, KAND, LE, MW, INEP, PTZ, S, TROM and the Pasvik Nature Reserve. Additionally, the Moscow Digital Herbarium [Seregin, 2023], the Kasviatlas [Lampinen, Lahti, 2021], the Cryptogamic Russian Information System [CRIS, 2023] and the Flora of Russian Lapland [Kozhin, Sennikov, 2020] have been checked. The list of occurrences and distribution map are composed. The ordination of occurrences goes according to the biogeographic provinces from west to east latitudinally. The number of geographic dots (T) and the number of populations (T) are given in brackets after the province acronym. All the records are divided into confirmed and excluded (on the basis of ecological characteristics). The later are in the end of the list. The nearest occurrences (within 25 km) are indicated as one sign on the map. The map (Figure 1) is compiled in Arcview GIS 3.2. A base temperature of 5C has been used for the definition of the thermal growing season (the onset and length). The length of the growing season has a tendency to shortening from south-south-west to east-north-east [Blinova, Chmielewski, 2015]. For a simplified termic division of surface of Murmansk Region the map of the onset of the growing season [Yakovlev, Kozlova, 1971) has been used (Figure 2). The records of E. gracile have been proved on an association of localities and the occurrences of rocks with a content of CaO higher 5% mass according to literature [Perevozchikova, 1971; Pozhilenko et al., 2002; Arzamastsev et al., 2008; Filina et al., 2022] and with a help of the previously made list of Ca-rocks with chemical content [Blinova, 2009]. pH of the surface water is measured directly in the field 1-2 times from June to August of 2014 in four different water logged sites with population subsets of the species (the record № 11.1 from the list) using a PH-009 (Kelilong Instruments) pen with a 0.0-14.0 scale divided into units of 0.1; soil salinity, using a TDS 5 (HM Digital) pen with a 0-9990 mg/l scale divided into units of 1 mg/l. Hypotheses concerning historical path of the species are based on the chorological study and data concerning climatic characteristics and vegetation of geological periods. Relic status of E. gracile is assumed according to paleorecords in certain geological periods (taxonomical relicts). The relic range of the species is proposed but not proved. Geographic distribution at the northern range of the species has been defined in Murmansk Region where this species has its northern border. The regional population data set are collected for further the IUCN-red data book testing [Guidelines , 2019]. 30 populations from 14 geographic localities have been confirmed (Table 1). Of eight biogeographic provinces, Lapponia Imandrae and Lapponia Varsugae have more populations of E. gracile. Two records one from Lapponia ponojensis and another from Lapponia murmanica are excluded. It is proved that the main factor which shapes the northern limit of this species in Fennoscandia is climatic. The majority of populations are situated in two of five the warmest climatic subunits of Murmansk Region (Table 2), and these climatic areas match the latitudinal forest border. Another determinants shaping geographic range are hydrological (an association with a high water table) and edaphic (an indicator species of transition between slightly acid and neutral soils). An extinction of populations of E. gracile and a range shift of the species as a response to recent climatic trends is not predicted at the northern border if warmer temperatures will not affect high water table of habitats. Moreover, within its regional climatic optimum species could expand its presence in river basins with already existed species occurrences. The populations of E. gracile in the north-eastern Fennoscandia might be remnants of its paleo-range and Pleistocene refugia, additional research will help conservation management of a potentially relic habitats.
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Frawley, Jodi. « Joseph Maiden and the National and Transnational Circulation of Wattle Acacia spp. » Historical Records of Australian Science 21, no 1 (2010) : 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr09015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During the nineteenth century and in the early years of the twentieth century wattle was circulated by botanists, botanical institutions, interested individuals, commercial seedsmen and government authorities. Wattle bark was used in the production of leather and was the subject of debate regarding its commercial development and conservation in Australia. It was also trialled in many other locations including America, New Zealand, Hawaii and Russia. In the process, South Africa became a major producer of wattle bark for a global market. At the same time wattle was also promoted as a symbol of Australian nationalism. This paper considers this movement of wattles, wattle material and wattle information by examining the career of one active agent in these botanical transfers: Joseph Maiden. In doing so it demonstrates that these seemingly different uses of the wattle overlap transnational and national spheres.
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Zolkin, Alexander, Evgeny Matvienko, Lyubov Pankratova, Nodari Eriashvili et Yulia Koval. « Plant genetic resources for the development of priority areas of breeding ». E3S Web of Conferences 541 (2024) : 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454103005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this article it is noted that N.I. Vavilov, a gifted Russian geneticist, botanist and breeder, made an invaluable contribution to the development of world science of plant genetic resources. These advances provide valuable tools for dealing with the challenges of the modern world and make it possible to preserve and utilize the wealth of genetic potential of the plant world for the benefit of humanity. A very important aspect of working with genetic resources is the creation and maintenance of collections that serve as sources of valuable genes, alleles and polygenic systems. These collections are unique ranges of plant seeds, tissues and DNA collected from around the world. They serve as the basis for breeding work, making it possible to improve existing varieties and create new, more stable and productive ones.
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Holikova, Olena. « Formalisation of agricultural research ». Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S4 (13 novembre 2021) : 1137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns4.1751.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As an independent component of modern research in natural sciences, branch research developed as a result of the accumulation of knowledge from three spheres of public activity – agriculture, branch-specific education, and agricultural research – under the influence of a complex interaction of many external factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the initial stage of formalization of agricultural research as a branch of natural sciences with the development of corresponding sign-symbolic systems and terminology. Based on the study of printed and archival research of the Imperial Free Economic Society (IFES), adjustments were made to the scientific periodization of the history of research as a branch of knowledge, considering the personalized contribution of its luminaries. Forgotten or little-known studies of pioneers of Ukrainian research – the IFES members: Swiss mathematician L. Euler; Russian scientist of Swedish origin, botanist and chemist E.G. Laxman; a native of Chernihiv Region, Professor of agriculture V. P. Prokopovich, and others were introduced into scientific discourse. The present paper analyses the areas of diverse research activities in agriculture, which were conducted by IFES figures at the early stages of the first scientific and economic association in the Russian Empire.
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Calder, Dale R. « Axel Elof Jäderholm (1868–1927) of Sweden : educator, hydrozoan zoologist and botanist ». Archives of Natural History 41, no 2 (octobre 2014) : 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2014.0245.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Axel Elof Jäderholm was born in Söderhamn, Sweden, on 24 July 1868. In 1888 he entered Uppsala Universitet, earning undergraduate (1892) and doctorate (1898) degrees. His doctoral dissertation was based on an anatomical study of South American Peperomia (Piperaceae). While a graduate student he commenced research on hydroids in collections at the university's natural history museum. A science teacher by profession, he served schools in Uppsala (1900–1901), Norrköping (1901–1905; 1913–1927), Örebro (1905) and Västervik (1905–1913). In addition to teaching, he undertook research in botany (especially mosses) and zoology (hydroids). A focus of work between 1903 and 1905 involved examination of hydroid collections at the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (Stockholm) and the Imperial St Petersburg Academy of Sciences (Russia). Jäderholm's field work dealt largely with bryophytes, although his scientific publications (21 of 28) were mostly on taxonomy of hydroids. His hydroid work was mainly on species from northern Europe, the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic, southern regions of South America, and the western Pacific (especially Japan). He established two new genera and 69 new species of hydroids, a majority of the latter still being recognized as valid. Jäderholm was created a knight of the Order of the Polar Star (Riddare av Nordstjärneorden) in Sweden for accomplishments in science and education. After suffering a series of acute illnesses over the last two years of his life, he died in Norrköping on 5 March 1927 and was buried in Uppsala. Five species of hydroids have been named in his honour.
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Roughsedge, T. « The role of gene banks in conserving farm animal genetic resources ». Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (avril 2007) : 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200021566.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The concept of conserving genetic resources was first introduced in 1928 by Vavilov, a Russian botanist who founded a plant genetic resources bank at the All-Union Institute of Plant Breeding, Leningrad (Simon, 1984). The issue was first raised by the animal production world in 1959 where a need to conserve animal genetic resources was expressed at a Joint Symposium on Germplasm Resources for plant and animal breeders in Chicago (Simon, 1984). The emergence of these ideas can be associated with the recognition of advances in animal breeding and reproductive technology leading to a small number of highly productive breeds taking a dominant position in the production process. Three main forms of conservation can be considered; (i) cyopreservation (gene bank); (ii) maintaining control populations (no selection); (iii) managing live animal populations. This overview will focus on the role that cyopreservation plays in conservation of animal genetic resources.