Articles de revues : « Rus' (The Russia word) »

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Pavlenko, Pavlo. « "Russian World" in 2014 : from the "love" of Patriarch Cyril to Putin's aggression ». Ukrainian Religious Studies, n^o 71-72 (4 novembre 2014) : 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2014.71-72.445.

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Contemporary Russia gathers its "original Russian lands" under the guise of the "Russian world", dragging historically the "Ancient Rus", that is, all the former Russian lands, including first and foremost the Kiev Rus, without which the whole idea of some kind of "Ancient Rus" simply nothing not worth it We do not accidentally use the word "some" because history does not know the state under such a name.

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Pletneva, Alexandra. « Jester Names : Lubok Characters Farnos, Gonos and Yeralash ». Russkaia rech, n^o 3 (2023) : 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013161170026393-1.

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Some lubok prints (cheap popular prints) of an entertaining nature feature characters with strange names. These names are neither variations based on Christian names, nor nicknames with a clear internal form. This article discusses a possible origin of the names Farnos, Gonos and Yeralash, their functioning in lubok prints and other texts. The name of the jester Farnos (Rus. Фарнос) is associated with the name of the commedia dell'arte character Gian Farina. The latter was known in Russia, in particular, thanks to the etchings by Jacques Callot. The widespread use of lubok prints with the image of Farnos led to this name becoming an appellative. The word фарнос /farnos/ is defined in the dictionary by Vladimir Dal as ‘an arrogant person, a proudling’. Another jester, Gonos (Rus. Гонос), probably does not have a foreign prototype. His name correlates with the words гоносúться /gono s i t ’ s y a ‘ → b o ∗ , → s h o w a r r o g a n c e , → f l a u n t ’ and г о н ó с н ы й g o � � � ’ � � � ‘ → � � ∗ , → � ℎ � � � � � � � � � � � , → � � � � � � ’ and г о н ó с н ы й � � nosnyj/ (‘proud, haughty’) presented in the Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects. The name Yeralash (Rus. Ералаш) originates from the identical appellative. This word of Turkic origin was recorded in the 18th century and means ‘mess, nonsense’. In all the texts involving these buffoon characters, the functioning of the name is determined by a rhyme. Farnos and Gonos rhyme with the word нос /nos/ (‘nose’), the name Yeralash rhymes with the word наш /nash/ (‘our, ‘ours’). Phonetic consonance and false etymologization provide extensive material for language game and jokes.

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Коницкая, Елена Михайловна. « Русско-словенские лексические параллели ». Slavistica Vilnensis 56, n^o 2 (1 janvier 2011) : 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/slavviln.2011.2.1451.

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Jelena KonickajaRussian-Slovene Lexical Parallels The article examines word pairs in two Slavic languages, Russian and Slovene, that stem from a shared etymon, or root in the shared protolanguage. These words can preserve a certain similarity on both the phonological (expressive) and semantic (content) levels. Within the analysis such doublets can also be included other pairs that relate to a given lexicosemantic field: for example, Rus. tverdyj – Slov. trd, trden; Rus. krepkij, cherstvyj – Slov. krepak, čvrst. The article proposes using minimal-context translation, avoiding word formations and sentences, in order to establish differential semes, or semantic components. A set of differential semes is presented for Rus. celyj, ves’ – Slov. cel, ves.

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Butseva, T. N., et A. V. Zelenin. « Smoothimania : adapting borrowings in modern Russian ». Russian language at school 84, n^o 3 (22 mai 2023) : 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2023-84-3-77-90.

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The new borrowing smoothie/smoothy from English is considered in the article. The collected corpus of derivatives and spelling variants is about 200 units. The word smoothie/smoothy is fixed in English is 1977, in Russian the word was borrowed in the early 2000s in the thematic areas of "Healthy lifestyle", "Proper nutrition". The theoretical basis for a comprehensive study of this word and its derivatives is the theory of borrowing; the base lexeme can be attributed as a "Buzzword". The methods of English borrowing in the Russian graphic-spelling system are considered: transliteration (Rus. smussi, smusi) and transcription (Rus. smuti, smutti), analogies with earlier borrowings (such as pampers, snickers) with the final on is (Rus. smutis, smufis, smusis). The morphological adaptation of the neologism in Russian are in the forms of masculine, neuter, and feminine (in slang version of smuz). An extensive family words is analyzed. The lexeme smoothie can be classified as multifunctional, since it can be used both as a noun and as an adjective. By adjectivation of the noun smoothie, the initial component of the smoothie was formed. Its numerous derivatives are listed and classified, actively included in marketing naming with other prefixes: bio..., eco..., organic..., participating in the formation of lexemes of the thematic group "Food, nutrition". Derivatives tend to develop polysemy. They move from the lexical periphery to the center of the lexical system and also penetrate into other sociolects. The leading semantic mechanisms are functional transfer, metonymy, and metaphor. Observations about the level of usage of the analyzed lexemes, the possibility of lexicographic fixation of some words, the nature and timing of usage are given in the article. Dictionary fixations of some lexemes are given in the table. The research methods are system-related, classification, statistical, structural-semantic analysis, word-formation, etymological, contextual.

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Sulyak, S. G. « ELIZAVETA IVANOVNA DE WITTE AND CARPATHIAN RUS ». Rusin, n^o 60 (2020) : 61–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/60/5.

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Elizaveta Ivanovna de Witte (nee Ammosova), a famous educator and historian, has been undeservedly forgotten. She was the author of numerous scientific and popular works, a full member of the Historical Society of Nestor the Chronicler, published in numerous journals like Chteniya v Istoricheskom obshchestve Nestora letopistsa, Russkoe delo, Zarya, Rus’, Pravdivoe slovo. She was publishing the collections Book for Reading at School and at Home, the second volume of which included her version of The Word on Igor’s Regiment, based on G.P. Pavsky’s translation. E. de Witte made several trips to foreign countries, where she paid much attention to the situation of Slavic peoples. In the summer of 1903, E. de Witte went to Austria-Hungary and visited Bukovina and Galicia. Her creative legacy includes works on the history, socio-economic and religious situation of the Rusins in Austria-Hungary: Bukovina and Galicia (1903), Ugro-Rus. Past and Present. Absolutism and Constitution (1907), How Galicians Live under the Constitution (1908), The Russian-Polish Question in Galicia. 1804–1909 (1909), Austria-Hungary and Its Slavic Peoples (1912), Galician Rus in Its Past and Present (co-authored with E.F. Turaeva-Tsereteli, 1915). She was also interested in the Rusins of the Kholmshchyna (Chełm Land, 1909). With her works on the history of Carpathian Rus, E. de Witte contributed much to the further studies of the history of Rusins and promoted the interest to this ethnic group in the general public and academic community of Russia.

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Kazansky, Nikolai N. « Orthoepy, orthography and philology (An epigram by Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt In πραвα Russorum quod prava pronuntiant) ». Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 17, n^o 4 (2020) : 557–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2020.404.

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The article, dedicated to the memory of Lyudmila Verbitskaya, analyses Russian orthoepy at the beginning of 18th century. Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt (1685–1735) known for his scientific expeditions to Siberia, undertaken on the orders of Peter the Great, wrote an epigram based on his interpretation of Russian word [práva]: In πραвα Russorum quod Prava pronuntiant. Epigr<amma> subitan<eum>. Prava solet Russis data dextra fidesque sonare: Queis est prava, putes fallere posse viros: Promissam didicēre fidem servare Rutheni: Qui pravam jurat, non pejerare potest. The epigram, serving as material for the analysis, shows how he perceived the Russian word [práva] in speech, which testifies to the accentuated pronunciation of those with whom he communicated. Certain details in the text of the epigram reveal the influence of Martial’s poetry (e. g. Mart. IX 11), but at the same time it is possible to reconstruct some contexts from which Messerschmidt deduced probably the meaning of Rus. [práva] as antonym of the Latin prava. The epigram shows that he combined the meaning of three Russian homonyms: adj. f. sg. права(я), adv. право, and substantive право. That is possible only if the o : a non-distinction in the pronunciation (so called akanje) in that time was largely spread in Russia. As there are few records of Russian pronunciation during the period of Peter the Great, Messerchmidt’s epigram can be considered ‘field material'.

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Dergacheva, I. V. « The word about the jubilee ». Язык и текст 2, n^o 4 (2015) : 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2015020414.

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This article, which was written for the anniversary of the chief editor of "Ancient Rus. Questions medieval studies", doctor of philological sciences, leading researcher of the Institute of Russian History, Elena Leonidovna Konyavskaya, says about her big scientific and organizational achievements in the research and popularization of monuments of ancient writing.

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HORKUSHA, Oksana. « Terminological front : «ruskiy mir» («russian world/peace») in religious and confessional rhetoric (the science of religion perception of existential choice) ». Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, n^o 1 (6 mars 2023) : 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2023.01.026.

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The task of this article is to clarify the appropriateness and adequacy of peace-making (confessional) rhetoric in the situation of the war of aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, in particular, the meaningful correspondence of the concept of «peace» in its application or reading by the bearers of different worldview paradigms. The «russkii mir» cannot be translated either as «Russian peace» or as «Russian world». This is because the scope and content of these concepts are different. Rus (Kyiv`s Rus) — a thousand-year-old princely state with its center in Kyiv, where the ancestors of modern Ukrainians lived, baptized by Prince Volodymyr in 988. Rus is not Russia. But Muscovy adopted the name Russia to derive its historiography from Rus. «Russkii mir» actually refutes the axiological principles laid down by ancient Rus’s civilization (freedom, dignity, partnership, co-creation, mutual responsibility). «Russkii mir» destroys peace in global or any local images, trying to grab the territory it decided to own. «Russkii mir» encroaches on world domination and therefore tries to impose its rules of the game on the world, which would reshape the world structure according to the wishes of the Russian dictators. For this, «russkii mir» uses any means and institutions as a tool: the army, weapons of mass destruction, atrocities, terror, lies, propaganda, the church and peace-making rhetoric. The goal is not to restore peace, but to establish the world domination of the Russian Empire in any of its variants (Muscovy, Russian Empire, Soviet Union, Russian Federation or Orthodox Civilization). Russian Orthodox Church plays a leading role in this — it uses religious rhetoric to formu- late a worldview model of the «russkii mir», consolidates the Russian population for a war of aggression, and justifies the atrocities of the Russian military with the sacred mission of restoring the Holy Rus’. Russian Orthodox Church justifies the «civilizing mission» of the Russian troops, actually calls to protect «our Common Russian Fatherland» by killing Ukrainians on the territo- ry of Ukraine. False messianism, manichaeism, paternalism, hatred of the civilized world that lives by democratic standards and respects the dignity and freedom of the individual, Russian arrogance, conceit, supremacy and egomania — this is what Russian Orthodoxy promotes with its religious rhetoric. Therefore, if we hear calls for «peace» from the bearer of the «russkii mir»’s worldview, it actually means a demand to come to terms with all their whims, to give up one’s own identity, one’s own world, one’s own life, if they do not fit into the concept of «russkii mir».

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Lyashevskaya, Olga, Elena Grishina, Ilya Itkin et Maria Tagabileva. « О задачах и методах словообразовательной разметки в корпусе текстов(Word-formation annotation of the Russian National Corpus – aims and methods) ». Poljarnyj vestnik 12 (1 janvier 2009) : 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.1286.

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This article reports on a project aimed at creating a full-fledged word- formation annotation of the Russian National Corpus (http: //rus- corpora.ru). In the article we outline the goals of the first stage of our work - compiling a word-formation database suitable for corpus an- notation. We furthermore discuss some important theoretical problems of Russian word-formation, describe stipulated searching possibilities and the annotation format, and outline possible approaches to automation of the annotation process.

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Bohn, T. M. « WALKING DEAD IN THE LIFE OF EASTERN SLAVS : "MAGIA POSTHUMA" IN ANCIENT RUS AND VAMPIRISM IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA ». Вестник Пермского университета. История, n^o 4(51) (2020) : 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2020-4-64-77.

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From the period of Kievan Rus, there is earlier evidence of the belief in vampires than was found in the supposed homeland of vampires in southeastern Europe. The premise of this belief is the universal idea that after death, the soul is separated from the body. In the popular imagination, when the separation of the soul from the body of the deceased was not done peacefully or burial rites were not observed, making it possible to go to another world, this could lead to the return of the deceased, often in the form of a demonic entity. The old Russian word "upir" fell out of use in the Moscow state. However, it survived on the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Union and reappeared on the territory of modern Ukraine and Belarus as part of the Russian Empire. Therefore, the article discusses the question of how the belief in the walking dead was formed in Ancient Rus and in pre-revolutionary Russia. Initially, the harmful effects of these restless corpses were seen as the cause of epidemics such as plague and cholera, or droughts that led to hunger. Later, when it came to preserving traditional moral norms in gender relations, they resorted to the idea of devilish temptation. Nevertheless, from the point of view of Latin Europe, all forms of magic and superstition that contradicted the Enlightenment were considered barbaric and typical of the supposedly backward world of Slavs and Orthodoxy. The article develops the ideas formulated in the author’s book “History of the European myth of vampires”.

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Filyushkin, Aleksandr I. « THE WORLD HAS BECOME LESS. IN MEMORY OF ANDREI KARAVASHKIN ». RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, n^o 7 (2021) : 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2021-7-12-17.

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The paper is devoted to the memory of Andrei Vital’evich Karavashkin (1964–2021) the philologist and historian, professor of the Russian State University for the Humanities. His scientific activities are considered. Its main results are noted: participation in the development of the methodology of historical phenomenology, that includes innovative ideas of “premiseless hermeneutics”, the concept of “royal sacrifice” and its role in the formation of the ideology of power in medieval Russia. Karavashkin made a great contribution to the study of the history and culture of Moscow Russia, the narrative of Ivan Peresvetov, Ivan the Terrible, Andrei Kurbsky. In the book “The Literary Custom of Old Rus” he proposed an original concept for the development of Old Russian literature. The importance of A.V. Karavashkin’s research in the humanities, synthesizing the historical and philological fields of knowledge is highly assessed.

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Sergeev, O. V. « History and person in short stories of Alexis Remizov The cycle «Poor fortune» Rational-irrational aspect of the writer’s fictional world ». Язык и текст 3, n^o 4 (2016) : 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2016030408.

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This article devoted to short stories, written by A.M. Remizov. Selected stories are united thematically. All of them depicted terror of history. Victim of that terror is an ordinary men. Famous historic persons represented as symptoms of tragic fate of Russia. This issue contains comparison of two different editions of his book of dreams «Bedovaja dolja» («Bad fate» and «Martyn Zadeka») on the background of different art’ periods, Silver age of Russian literature and émigré literature. As Russian artist Remizov used to feel his personal fate as a part of common fate of his main land, Rus-Russia. Because of it paradoxical forms of perceptions represented as different types of understanding complicated moments of individual life and existentional moments of human beings.

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Zaporozhets, O. « “RUSSIAN WORLD” PROPAGANDA AS A THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE ». Actual Problems of International Relations, n^o 136 (2018) : 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2018.136.0.16-24.

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The article studies the concept “Russian World” in terms of national security of Ukraine. Based on publications of Ukrainian and Russian experts the author shows that the“Russian World” is aimed to justify Russia’s geopolitical ambitions and in particular its dominance in post-soviet countries. According to this project Russia is a unique country-civilization that, due to its historical, cultural and intellectual potential, goes far beyond the state borders. The Russian geopolitical concept is very dangerous for Ukraine because due to historical manipulations the national identity, sovereignty and integrity of the country are artificially devaluated and completely erased. In Russian propaganda Ukraine is labelled as the artificially created country that cannot be the successor of Kievan Rus, doesn’t have its own statehood traditions, culture, language and other attributes of the true nation. Russia tries to appropriate Ukraine’s historical and cultural heritage because without it the RM is ideological construct based on myths that is unable to contribute to strengthening and extending Russia's influence on the international arena.

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Ousterhout, Robert, et Dmitry Shvidkovsky. « Kievan Rus’ ». Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 17, n^o 1 (10 mars 2021) : 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2021-17-1-51-67.

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Robert Ousterhout, the author of a magnificent book “Eastern Medieval Architecture. The Building Traditions of Bizantium and Neighboring Lands”, published by Oxford University Press in 2019, the remarkable scholar and generous friend, was so kind to mention in his C. V. on the sight of Penn University (Philadelphia, USA) that he had been the Visiting professor of the Moscow architectural Institute (State Academy), as well as simulteniously of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, but he did not say that he had been awarded the degree of professor honoris causa by the academic council of MARHI. Unfortunately, his life in muscovite hostel, nevertheless we tried to do our best to provide the best possible accommodation in a “suit” with two rooms with a bathroom, had been radically different from the wonderful dwelling chosen for the visiting teaching stuff from MARHI in the University of Illinois. And Robert called our hostel “Gulag”. He had been joking probably. It is impossible to overestimate the role of professor Robert Ousterhaut in the studies of the history of Byzantine art. At the present day he is the leader in the world studies of the architecture of Byzantium, the real heir of the great Rihard Krauthaimer and Slobodan Curcic, whom he had left behind in his works. His books are known very well in Russia. R. Ousterhaut graduated in the history of art and architecture at the University of Oregon, the Institute of European Studies in Vienna, Universities of Cincinati and Illinois. Не worked at the department of history of art at the University of Oregon, department of history of architecture at the University of Illinois, had the chair of the history of architecture and preservation at the University of Illinois, which is considered, as we know, one of the twenty best American universities. He always worked hard and with success. When I had finished reading my course of the history of Russian architecture at Illinois, he said: “Yes, next term the students are to be treated well…” Now he is professor emeritus of the history of art in the famous Penn University. He taught the courses of the “History of architecture from Prehistory to 1400” and “Eastern medieval architecture” as well as led remarkable seminars devoted to the different problem of the history of architecture of the Eastern Meditarenian, including the art of Constantinopole, Cappadoce, meaning and identity in medieval art. His remarkable 4-years field work at Cappadoce, which he described in several books, and his efforts of the preservation of the architectural monuments of Constantinopole are very valuable, Among his books one certainly must cite Holy Apostels: Lost Monument and Forgotten Project, (Washingtone, D. C., 2020); Visualizing Community: Art Material Culture, and Settlement in Byzantine Cappadocia, Dumbarton Oaks Studies 46 (Washington, D. C., 2017); Carie Camii (Istambul, 2011); Architecture of the Sacred: Space, Ritual, and Experience from Classical Greece to Byzantium (Cambridge University Press, 2012), ed. with Bonna D. Wescoat; Palmyra 1885: The Wolfe Expedition and the Photographs of John Henry Haynes, with B. Anderson (Istanbul: Cornucopia, 2016) John Henry Haynes: Archaeologist and Photographer in the Ottoman Empire 1881–1900 (2nd revised edition, Istanbul: Cornucopia, 2016). Several of his books were reprinted. He edited Approaches to Architecture and Its Decoration: Festschrift for Slobodan Ćurčić (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2012), with M. Johnson and A. Papalexandrou. His outstanding book Мaster Builders of Byzantium (2nd paperback edition, University of Pennsylvania Museum Publications, 2008) was translated into Russian and Turkish. In this work Robert Ousterhaut for the first time in English speaking tradition is regarding the architecture of Bazantium from the point of view of building art and technology. On the base of the analysis of primary written sources, contemporary archeology data, and careful study of existing monuments the author concludes that the Byzantine architecture was not only exploiting the traditions, but was trying to find new ways of the development of typology and construction techniques, which led to transformation of artistique features. Professor R. Ousterhaut discusses the choice of building materials, structure from foundations to vaults, theoretical problems which solved the master masons of Byzantium. In his recent book Eastern Medieval Architecture: The Building Traditions of Byzantium and Neighboring Lands, (Oxford University Press, 2019) Robert Ousterhaut is going further. He writes in the introduction: “I succeded my mentor at the University of Illinois… I had the privilege and challenge of teaching “Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture” to generations of the architecture students inspired my 1999 book, Master Builders of Byzantium. The work of Robert Ousterhaut, published 2019, is the new and full interpretation of the architectural heritage of Byzantine Commonwealth. The author devoted the first part of his book to Late Antiquity (3–7 centuries), beginning with the relations of Domus Ecclesiastae and Church Basilica, then speaking of Konstantinopole and Jerusalem of the times of St. Constantine the Great, liturgy, inspiration, commemoration and pilgrimage, adoration of relics as ritual factors which influenced the formation of sacred space, methods and materials, chosen by the Bizantine builders with their interaction of the mentality of the East and West. Special attention is given to dwelling, urban planning and fortification Naturally a chapter is devoted to Hagia Sophia and the building programs of Emperor Justinian. The second part speaks of the transition to what is called Middle Byzantine architecture both in the capital and at the edges of the Empire. The third part tells the story of the 9th, 10th and 11th centuries and includes the rise of the monasteries, once more secular and urban architecture, the craft of church builders. Churches of Greece and Macedonia, Anatolia, Armenia and Georgia, as well as of the West of Byzantium – Venice, Southern Italy and Sicily. The chapter is devoted to Slavonic Balkans – Bulgaria and Serbia and Kievan Rus. The last fourth part of the book describes the times of the Latin Empire, difficult for Byzantium, to the novelty of the architecture of Palewologos and the development of Byzantine ideas in the Balkans and especially in the building programs of the great powers of the epoch Ottoman Empire and Russia. There is a lot more to say about the book of professor Robert Ousterhaut, but we have to leave this to the next issue of this magazine, and better give the space to the words of the author – his text on the architecture of Kievan Rus.

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Kolodnyi, Anatolii M. « Ukraine's Religious Thought : Its History and Present ». Ukrainian Religious Studies, n^o 40 (24 octobre 2006) : 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2006.40.1761.

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Ukrainian religious studies have their roots in the Kievan Rus era. First of all, The Tale of the Times, which describes the process of introducing Christianity in Ukraine-Russia, reveals the historical, psychological and ideological basis for Vladimir the Great's choice of faith for his people. Adoption of Christianity is a major worldview revolution in the spiritual life of Ukraine, which has included it in the context of world civilization. From a princely time, many religious thinkers have become a universal way of seeing, understanding and appreciating the world for many Ukrainian thinkers. The main purpose of their works is not the desire to create a certain holistic system of theological knowledge, but the desire to convey their personal religious -istic perception of the divine nature, harmony, beauty and perfection of God-created world. These are the "Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh", "The Word of Law and Grace" by Hilarion of Kiev, "The Life of Theodosius Pechersky" and even "The Word of Igor's Hike".

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Andriewsky, Olga. « Dangerous Illusions and Fatal Subversions : Russia, Subjugated Rus΄, and the Origins of the First World War ». Slavic Review 82, n^o 2 (2023) : 334–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2023.170.

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This article examines how the annexation of Austrian (East) Galicia emerged as a distinct political—and ultimately military—mission in St. Petersburg before the First World War. The Russian nationalist project to recover the “lost lands of Rus΄ became an extension of the domestic agenda formulated by Peter Stolypin to promote Russian political and cultural hegemony in the western provinces of the empire. The campaign to liberate Subjugated Rus΄ and defeat “Ukrainian separatism” in Galicia led St. Petersburg to become ever more deeply engaged in the complex borderland politics of the Habsburg empire in the years before the war. By 1914, the idea of Subjugated Rus΄ and “four million persecuted Russians” came to inform the whole of St. Petersburg's understanding of its relations with Vienna and created an expectation that war with Austria-Hungary was inevitable.

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Philippovsky, German Y. « «Testament» by Vladimir Monomakh as a literary landmark of the XI–XII centuries and the political message to Russia ». Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 4, n^o 27 (2021) : 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2021-4-27-17-27.

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The paper focuses on the wide range of genre textual identity in Monomakh`s «Testament», as well as on the outstanding literary and historical personality of the author. Special attention is paid to the scientific observations made by academician A. A. Gippius (2003), concerning the words «Rostov» and «Volga» in the «Testament» as the signs of northward determination in Monomakh’s state activity. Vladimir Monomakh suffered a lot from the hostility and intrigues of Kievan and other rulers of South and South-West Rus. In his «Testament» he describes the evil actions of Oleg Svyatoslavich (prince of Chernigov) as a source of misfortunes for the whole Russian Land. Monomakh’s «Testament», though autobiographical, sends the literary and political message to the future Rus’, contains predictions on the dangerous misdealings of the southern princes, not only the lesson but a warning of the hostility and intrigues from the rulers of South Rus’.

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Egorov, V. B. « POSSIBLE ETYMOLOGIZATION OF THE OLD RUSSIAN WORD VARANGIAN CONSIDERING THE FINNIC MEDIATION ». Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, n^o 4 (26 août 2022) : 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-4-681-687.

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The derivation of the Old Russian word Varangians and its correlation with Væringjar of Scandinavian sagas and Greek Βάραγγοι are still subjects of polemics. The well-known V. Thomsen’s etymology from the Old Norse vár and the postulate of the sagas’ term primacy do not allow explaining the origin and genesis of all three related terms. The article suggests other possible etymological approaches to the word Varangian, considering probable Finnic mediation, and substantiates a fundamentally different historical interaction of the Old Russian, Scandinavian, and Greek terms, with the Russian one having been originated first, in the Viking Age, on the future Old Rus’ territory.

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Stefanovich, Petr S. « The “Slavic-Russian Nation” in the Historical Literature of Ukraine and Russia from the 1600s to the mid-1700s ». Slovene 9, n^o 2 (2020) : 417–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2020.9.2.9.

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The article analyzes the history of the concept of a “Slavic-Russian nation”. The concept was first used by Zacharia Kopystenskij in 1624, but its wide occurrence starts in 1674, when Synopsis, the first printed history of Russia, was published in Kiev. In the book, “Slavic-Russian nation” refers to an ancient Slavic people, which preceded the “Russian nation” (“rossiyskiy narod”) of the time in which the book was written. Uniting “Slavs” and “Russians” (“rossy”) into one “Slavic-Russian nation”, the author of Synopsis followed the idea which was proposed but not specifically defined by M. Stryjkovskij in his Chronicle (1582) and, later, by the Kievan intellectuals of the 1620s–30s. The construction of Synopsis was to prove that “Russians” (“rossy”) were united by both the common Slavic origin and the Church Slavonic language used by the Orthodox Slavic peoples. According to Synopsis, they were also supposed to be united by the Muscovite tsar’s authority and the Orthodox religion. The whole conception made Synopsis very popular in Russia in the late 17th century and later. Earlier in the 17th-century literature of the Muscovite State, some authors also proposed ethno-genetic constructions based on Stryjkovskij’s Chronicle and other Renaissance historiography. Independently from the Kievan literature, the word “Slavic-Russian” was invented (first appearance in the Legend about Sloven and Rus, 1630s). Both the Kievan and Muscovite constructions of a mythical “Slavic-Russian nation” aimed at making an “imagined” ethno-cultural nation. They contributed to forming a new Russian imperial identity in the Petrine epoch. However, the concept of a “Slavic-Russian nation” was not in demand in the political discourse of the Petrine Empire. It was sporadically used in the historical works of the 18th century (largely due to the influence of Synopsis), but played no significant role in the proposed interpretations of Russian history.

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Tofiq qızı İsgəndərzadə, Arzu. « "Hakikat" newspaper published at the beginning of the 20th century and the analysis of foreign words used in its language ». SCIENTIFIC WORK 80, n^o 7 (17 juillet 2022) : 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/80/58-61.

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“Həqiqət” qəzeti Azərbaycanda 1909-1910-cu illərdə nəşr olunmuş siyasi, iqtisadi, ədəbi gündəlik bir qəzet olmuşdur. “Həqiqət” qəzetinin dilində dövrün tələb və şərtlərinə uyğun olaraq ərəb, fars, rus-Avropa, osmanlı türkcəsində olan kəlimələrə tez-tez rast gəlirik. Çarizmin Azərbaycanda möhkəmlənməsi ilə ədəbi dilimizdə rusca kəlimələrdən istifadə olunmağa başlandı. Bu dövrdə Rusiyanın Azərbaycan üzərindəki təsiri rus dilinin həm yazılı mətnlərdə, həm də danışıq dilində tez-tez istifadə edilməsinə səbəb olmuşdur. Digər tərəfdən uzun əsrlər boyu ərəb və fars dillərinin Azərbaycanda dövlət dili olması bu dillərin ədəbi dilimizə güclü şəkildə təsir etməsinə səbəb olmuşdur. XIX -XX əsrlər də Türkiyə-Azərbaycan arasındakı münasibətlərin yaxşı olması, bir çox ziyalılarımızın türk ziyalıları ilə tez-tez görüşmələri ədəbi dildə də öz əksini tapırdı. Bu təsirin izlərini “Həqiqət” qəzetinin dilində osmanlı türkcəsinə aid sözlərin və “yor” şəkilçisinin sıx şəkildə işlədilməsi görürük. “Həqiqət” qəzetinin səhifələrinə nəzər yetirdikdə ərəb, fars tərkiblərinin üstünlük təşkil etdiyi məqalələr istisna olmaqla qəzetin ümumi dili anlaşılandır. Açar sözlər: mətbuat, qəzet, “Həqiqət” qəzeti, alınma sözlər, XX əsr Arzu Tofig Iskenderzadeh "Hakikat" newspaper published at the beginning of the 20th century and the analysis of foreign words used in its language Abstract “Hagigat” newspaper which had been issued between 1909-1910 years was political, economic and literary daily newspaper. According to the terms and demands of ist time we often come across with arabian, persian, russian-european, ottoman Turkish word language of the “Hagigat” newspaper. It had been started using of Russian words in our literary language with strengthening of czarism in Azerbaijan. At that times the great influence of Russia on Azerbaijan had caused frequently using of russian language both in written texts and speaking. On the other hand during long centuries because of being Azerbaijan national language arabian and persian languages had a great impression on our literary language. Due to a good relation between Turkey and Azerbaijan in XIX-XX centuries, frequently meeting of most our educated people with turkish intellectuals had founded its influences in our literary language. Traces of that impression had shown itself with rapidly using of ottoman-turkish words and "yor" suffix in language of the “Hagigat” newspaper. While looking at pages of the “Hagigat” newspaper except articles that arabian and persian contents prevail, general language of the newspaper is understandable. Key words: press, newspaper, "Hagigat" newspaper, loanwords, XX century

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Muzyka, Iryna. « The concept of the Ukrainian national state-making in the scientific work of Professor Sergiy Shelukhin ». Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, n^o 1 (15 avril 2020) : 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.1.2020.01.

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The scientific achievements and social and political activity of Sergiy Shelukhin and its influence on the formation of the concept of independent state of Ukraine in the political and legal thought and state-making practice of the governments and political figures of the UNR, the Directory and public political organizations of Ukrainian political emigration are considered. The figure of Sergiy Shelukhin in the history of Ukraine has been symbolic for over a century, as his scientific and socio-political activities have largely contributed to the restoration of the sovereign right of the Ukrainian people to an independent state. His conception of Ukrainian statehood, the origin of the name "Ukraine" is today an integral part of the ideological basis for determining priority directions in contemporary Ukrainian politics, in the context of building an independent independent Ukraine, in terms of forming state ideology and national dignity. In the period of national liberation competitions the main topic of scientific research of the scientist was the origin of the Ukrainian state. It was his intelligence that formed the basis for memoranda, statements, and international treaties of the time. Shelukhin proved that for the Ukrainian people the right of state sovereignty was restored not only as a result of the renunciation of the tsar and release from the oath of nationality, but also on the contractual grounds of the act of 1654 connection between Ukraine and Russia, since this connection was only the face of the tsar-protector. Thus, on February 28, 1917, the Ukrainian people, on the basis of their historical rights and legal consequences, renounced the tsar and exempted him from the oath by legal means, regained his sovereignty over himself and his Ukrainian statehood. Scientist in historical monographs "Where does Russia come from:" Names: Rus, Galicia, Ukraine and Little Russia "(1928)," The Theory of Celtic Origin of Kievan Rus from France "(1929)," Ukraine - the Name of Our Land from the Ancient Times "(1936) for the first time explores the problem of the origin of the terms "Rus", "Ukraine", "Russia", "Mala Rus". These studies have played and play an extremely important role in refuting political speculation and falsification regarding the origin of Ukrainians and the emergence of Ukrainian statehood. During his life, S. Shelukhin's works have gained recognition among lawyers, historians, and political figures both in Ukraine and abroad.

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Fatyushyna, N. « The image of the thunder god Perun in the pagan outlook of ancient Russia ». Ukrainian Religious Studies, n^o 10 (6 avril 1999) : 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/1999.10.842.

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One of the most famous gods of the pagan pantheon of Ancient Rus is the Thunder Perun. Usually, in the minds of modern humans, the image of Perun is perceived as the embodiment of the terrible and unaffiliated forces of nature, as the personification of thunderstorms, thunder and lightning. Certainly, such a perception came to us from the ancient pagan times as a kind of accumulation inherent in our ancestors ideological paradigm. However, the idea of Perun as the personification of thunder and lightning is confirmed by numerous linguistic intelligence. In particular, at one time, this well-known French researcher L. Lezhe found that the Slavic meaning of the word - lightning. The concept Perun (Piorun, Paron, Pyurun) in the Russian, Ukrainian, Byelorussian, Polish and Slovak languages means the same thing. It is lightning. Apparently, in the pagan worldview, this god appears as a symbol of something scary, frightening. The ancient Slavs leaned over to Perun's force, as they generally bowed to any force, considering everything that was stronger than them, "strange", and therefore worthy of respect and worship.

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Fedotova, Kseniia S. « Nikolay Gumilyov’s toponymical epithets ». Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 19, n^o 1 (2022) : 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.109.

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This article analyzes functions and semantics of epithets pertaining to geographical names (topopoetonyms) in Gumilyov's poems. Among 206 proper names and 77 epithets are definitions containing emotional assessment: crazy Africa (“Love Island”), kingly Niger (“Niger”) and color characteristics: golden Baghdad (“Pilgrim”), green Siberia (“Sahara”) prevailed. The epithet in genitival constructions usually refers to the main word of the nominal group: Tsargrad's golden gate (“Sweden”), green waves of the Euphrates (“Adam's Dream”), but in the periphrases it can be given to a geographical name: the queen of boundless Rus (i. e. Moscow, “Muzhik”). The analysis of the most common definitions (distant, remote; ancient; mysterious) showed that the epithet in the poetic text conveys several dictionary meanings, and its semantics are befogged by contextual connotations. Thus, the epithet distant to the topopoetonym Siberia (“Modernity”) express the idea of remoteness both in time and space, while the image of Siberia opens up a special space of poetic world — a place where the past continues in the present. In the poem “Galla”, the idea of opposing different cultures, is conveyed through the image of remote and wild Russia, as it is presented through the voice of a teacher of Islam. The definition ancient (“Words to Davydov's music”, “Rhodes”) in Gumilyov's poems also creates a temporal perspective of poetic description, has a positive connotation referring to high importance of the object designated by the topopoetonym, while the epithet mysterious (e. g. Rus, the poem “Old estates”) has an additional meaning — ‘associated with sacrament’.

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Novikov, Vladimir. « Хлебников и современная русская поэзия ». Modernités Russes 8, n^o 1 (2009) : 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/modru.2009.1472.

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There is no Russian poet of nowadays who hasn’t his own attitude to Khlebnikov. The interaction with Khlebnikov’s world is necessary for the creative self-determination and self-identification. Vladimir Vysotsky in the days of his youth was delighted with the verse “Rus’, ty vs ’a -potseluy na moroze” (“Russia, you all are like a kiss in the frost”), and later he inherited this poetical openness and sentimental hyperbolas in his own songs. On the contrary Aleksandr Kushner said about Khlebnikov : «For me this play with word without real lyricism seems to be boring and gives me nothing”. And it shows not only his personal taste but also his refusing of the Khlebnikov’s cosmic epics from the point of view of post-acmeictic lyrical system. Mikhail Victorovich Panov (1920-2001) was a deep investigator of the Khlebnikov’s poetical system and in the same time original poet. His poems were published at first in 1998. As a real follower of Khlebnikov he combined complexity and simplicity, vers libre and classical verse, “zaum” and semantic transparency. He has written a poetical cycle “Starry Sky” where he gives the “Khlebnikov-centic” picture of Russian poetry. Gennadiy Nikolayevich Aigi (1934-2006) has turned Russian poetry to the new system of the verse. His word is free from the literary associations and remembers the whole spectrum of potential meanings. Like Khlebnikov he has created the cosmic language. Viktor Aleksandrovich Sosnora (b.1936) shows the example of maximally individual poetical speech. In his system all the words are involved in paronimic connections. These three poets are real Khlebnikovians as personalities. They are independent and completely immersed in their intimate dialogue with Word. Many poets now sincerely adore Khlebnikov and pretend to continue his line, but their quest for the new forms is not natural enough. To be Khlebnikovian today means not to search but to find. And certainly there is nothing common between Khlebnikov and such marginal versificators like Limonov and Prigov. The concept of “graphomaniac” (A.Zholkovsky) applied to Khlebnikov is a misrepresentation of his real position in the history of the Russian poetry. The latent competition of acmeistic and futuristic traditions continues up to the present situation. The potential regeneration of Russian poetry is connected with the wide perspective outlined by Khlebnikov.

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Hakim K., Gegrayev. « INTERREGIONAL COOPERATION OF THE KABARDINO-BALKARIAN REPUBLIC WITH THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION in the 90s of the XX century ». Kavkazologiya 2023, n^o 4 (30 décembre 2023) : 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2023-4-141-165.

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Large-scale processes of transformation of statehood and socio-economic structure that took place in post-Soviet Russia in the last decade of the 20th century affected the system of federative rela-tions and, as a result, interregional ties. The latter, in the liberalization of the entire system of so-cial relations of the Russian state, began to acquire a more horizontal character, and the role of the federal center was to determine the framework conditions and coordinate interregional relations. Fundamental documents that fixed (in chronological order) the reform of the federal structure of the Russian Federation were the Federation Treaty of 31.03.1992: “The Treaty on the Delimitation of the Subjects of Jurisdiction and Powers between the Federal Bodies of State Power of the Rus-sian Federation and the Authorities of the Sovereign Republics within the Russian Federation” (together with the “Protocol to the Federation Treaty”), the Constitution of the Russian Federa-tion, adopted by the National Council of the Russian Federation. The Problem of Development of Interregional Relations within the Russian Federation The Concept of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation. was relevant not only for the last decade of the last century, with its new economic and political realities compared to the Soviet period, but also for the current and future stages of development, which inevitably set new challenges and trends in relations between the federal center and the regions, as well as between the regions of a large country, each of which has its own specifics, starting with territorial and natural and climatic parameters, ending with re-source (in the broad sense of the word) and economic and industrial potential. In the period under review, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (Kabardino-Balkarian Republic), associated with the leadership of the first post-Soviet head (President of the Republic) V.M. Kokov, pursued a rather active policy of establishing direct interregional ties with the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, representing both the South of Russia and much more remote regions.

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Lukashevich, Victor, Ilya Shegelman, Aleksey Vasilyev et Mariia Lukashevich. « Forest certification in Russia : development, current state and problems ». Forestry Journal 62, n^o 1 (1 mars 2016) : 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2016-0006.

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Abstract The article analyzes the development of voluntary forest certification by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) system in Russia. The article is based on the review of diverse information sources, analysis of the reports of timber processing enterprises, personal observations during certification audits, discussions in workgroups, and information collected at training courses. We evaluated the present state of voluntary forest certification in Russia, analyzed non-compliances of the activity of Russian wood processing enterprises with the national standard FSC-STD-RUS-V6-1-2012 and indicated possible reasons for non-fulfillment of the requirements. We also presented problems in the development of forest certification in Russia and possible ways for its further development. By the end of 2015, about 40 million hectares were certified, approximately 160 certificates were issued on forest management and 440 certificates on chain of custody. The 6th principle of the national forest management standard is the most problematic for logging enterprises. The principle concerns the requirements on the evaluation of impact of enterprise’s activity on the environment. About 40% of non-compliances identified by auditors referred to the indicators of the 6th principle. We argue that the main problems of forest certification development in Russia are contradictions between the principles and the criteria of FSC and the requirements of Russian forest legislation, retention of biodiversity and high conservation value forests, lack of economic incentives for introduction and implementation of certification requirements, and high cost of audits. Despite the existing problems, the certification remains one of the most important instruments for achieving sustainable forest management in Russia.

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Kashtanov, Sergey. « The Process of Writing and Promulgation of Acts in the Early Chancellery Practice of the Frankish State and Old Rus ». ISTORIYA 12, n^o 12-1 (110) (2021) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018289-6.

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The paper is dedicated to the early chancellery practices of the Frankish State and Old Rus as well as to the differences and the similarities of the early immunity chaters of those two countries. In medieval Latin sources, the word kancellaria is known from the 12th century. In what concerns Rus and the Russian State, it is used somewhat conventionally up to c. 1700. Institutions comprising some staff of scribes are known in the Russian State not earlier than in the 15th—16th centuries. The offices of dyaks (later transforming into prikazes and chets) emerged only in the first half and the middle of the 16th century. Contrary to the early medieval West, chancellery was not a special institution at the court, but rather a structure within a central state office. Due to this, acts often were composed in scriptoria, and the originals of the earliest of them are written in bookish hands. The practice of composing charters by beneficiaries, known in the early Frankish State, was characteristic to Rus until at least the second half of the 16th century. Although princely scribes are known to compose some kinds of acts from the late 13th and the 14th centuries, many other long continued to be written in monastic scriptoria.

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Nepomnyaschikh, Natalia A. « Semiotics of color in S. N. Durylin’s prose in light of E. Troubetzkoy’s and P. Florensky’s ideas ». Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 9, n^o 4 (2023) : 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2023-9-4-94-105.

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S. N. Durylin’s writing is filled with a wide range of vibrant colors: the text is abundant in colorful descriptions, metaphors, and unique words coined by the author to represent different shades and hues. These color references are consistently used and often serve as symbols for the ethereal and true essence of the world. The use of color symbolism is essential in portraying Holy Rus’, specifically the Russia before the revolution. S. N. Durylin’s ideas on the semiotics of color might have been influenced by the thoughts on color in Russian iconography shared by P. Florensky and E. Troubetzkoy, both of whom he had regular contact with. Durylin not only drew inspiration from his friendship with Troubetzkoy, but also from his own fascination with icons. In his prose, Durylin effectively incorporates the concepts of color put forth by E. Troubetzkoy and P. Florensky in their interpretation of Russian iconography.

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Dubrovina, Svetlana J. « Worldview constants in the culture of people’s language ». Neophilology, n^o 20 (2019) : 436–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2019-5-20-436-446.

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The purpose of this article is to identify and to analyze semantics of the specific terminological system of people’s Orthodoxy from the standpoint of Russian dialectology and ethnic linguistics. The study substantiates and proves the hypothesis of G.P. Fedotov that Russian spiritual poems reaction at the categories of Christian theology is not outdated; they can be fixed not only in different types of folklore and everyday text, but also developed on the lexical material of Rus-sian folk dialects. The novelty of the approach to the allocation of ideological constants in the na-tional language is due to the following material of the study: dialect lexical units associated with the belief of the traditional peasant population of Russia. At the same time, not only the data of dictionaries are presented, but also unique data of the regional dictionary of national Orthodoxy collected by the author in the territory of the modern Tambov region. We trace the peculiar folk philosophy of word-making: reveal the semantic categories of mental spirituality that determined the individuality and sections of the vocabulary of the religious sphere; prove their influence on the formation of dialect data and their generalization into a single system of folk Church vocabu-lary. As a result, we reveal the possibilities of using ethno-linguistic semiotics to describe the vo-cabulary of faith and Church. The proposed categorical approach can become a universal scenario of description, covering the dialect lexical corpus of the terminological system of Orthodoxy.

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PAKHOLOK, Zinaida. « MIKOŁAI KRUSZEWSKI IN THE LANGUAGE SPACE OF UKRAINE ». Culture of the Word, n^o 98 (2023) : 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/0201-419x-2023.98.15.

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The article examines the Ukrainian works in the scientific heritage of Mikołaj Kruszewski in three aspects: biographical, social and scientific. The linguist was born in Volyn in a Polish-German family, where the indigenous Ukrainian population was the majority. He formed his personality in the region, he considered Volyn his native land, and later, working in distant Kazan, he repeatedly came with his family in the summer to rest on his mother’s estate. In those days, Ukraine did not have the status of statehood. They called the country “Little Russia”. The disputable question was whether the Ukrainian language is independent or it is a dialect of the Russian language. The most common terms were “Little Russian dialect” and “Dialect of Rus’ Minor”. Kruszewski used these terms. The scientist applied knowledge of the Ukrainian language and culture for a scientific purpose. In his student essay “Spelis as a form of Russian folk poetry” he referred to Ukrainian works, used the toponyms “Little Russia” and “Volyn province”, included beliefs collected by him in the village of Solotvin. In Kazan Mikołaj Kruszewski studied the phonetic and morphological features of the Ukrainian language. For this purpose, he translated the Lithuanian fairy tale «Who knows better to lie» to the dialect of Solotvino. At the masters exam he received eight assignments on the text of a Ukrainian story from Jan Baudouin de Courtenay. In the works “On “analogy” and “folk etymology” (“Volksеtymologie”)”, “On the question of the guna. A study in the domain of Old Slavic vocalism”, “Üeber die Lautabwechslung”, “An Outline of Lingustic Science” Mikołaj Kruszewski drew on Ukrainian vocabulary to illustrate reflections and conclusions on word formation and phonetics. Ukrainian content in the research of Mikołaj Kruszewski testifies to the author᾽s linguistic erudition and desire, revealing the potential of a non-state language, to put it on a par with other Indo-European languages.

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Novyk, O. P. « THE POETICS OF ROMANTICISM OF MYKHAILO MINCHAKEVYCH’S WORKS IN THE SON OF RUS ». Rusin, n^o 60 (2020) : 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/60/9.

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The article analyses Mykhailo Minchakevych’s poems “Satire”, “Rozsvit”, “Roksolana”, “Separation”, dumka “Cross stone near Lyubchych”, love elegy “Dumka” from the manuscript collection The Son of Rus (1995), with the focus on the poetics of romanticism and imagery. The author compares the themes and motives in Mykhailo Minchakevych’s poetry with those of other Romanticists (Markiyan Shashkevich, Mykola Petrenko). The poetics of Minchakevych’s works was incluenced by the writing of Markiyan Shashkevych and other Galician authors; however, it demonstrates the similarities with East Ukrainian literature of the first half of the 19th century as well as European Romanticism. Mykhailo Minchakevych uses the so-called “word complexes” (D. Chyzhevsky), inherent to Ukrainian Romanticism. His desire to demonstrate the Rusinian great history is manifested in his reminiscences of the time of Kievan Rus and allusions to famous historical figures of the past. Similarly, the poet tries to show the influence of the Rusins on European history by mentioning the ties of blood between the Russian princes and European rulers. The poems “Satire”, “Rozsvit”, “Roksolana” convey the moods of “Russian Trinity” both through motives and imagery, thus revealing the influence of Markiyan Shashkevych. Mykhailo Minchakevych’s poems are also close to folklore, which becomes evident in their motives, composition, and the use of repetitions and onomatopoeia. Minchakevych’s poetry as a component of the “Russian Trinity” phenomenon reflects the processes that took place in the Ukrainian culture in the first half of the 19th century.

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Kovalov, Yevhen. « Mental Map of Hryhoriy Galagan : Territorial and Ethnonational Structuring in Ukrainian Nobleman’s World View (mid-1830s — mid-1860s) ». Kyiv Historical Studies 13, n^o 2 (21 décembre 2021) : 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2021.213.

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The article examines the spatial structures and related images of ethno-national communities in the world view of Hryhoriy Pavlovych Galagan (1819–1888), a representative of the Ukrainian local nobility and a prominent public figure. The research methodology includes the achievements of modern humanitarian geography, first of all the method of mental mapping, which allows to study the spatial structures in the world view of the individual, taking into account his socio-cultural environment. The research is based on ego-documents — diaries and correspondence from the Galagan family archive. Special attention is paid to toponymes and ethnonymes in these texts. It is shown that the spatial representations of Hryhoriy Galagan were a complex system that developed under the influence of the socio-cultural sphere in which he lived. Thus, humanitarian geography is represented as a discursive practice due to social and political interests. The article deals, in particular, with such spatial constructs as “Little Russia”, “Ukraine”, “Russia”, “Rus”, “Europe”, as well as related communities — “Little Russia people”, “Russian people”, “Europeans”. Galagan’s spatial and ethno-national ideas are shown as a very dynamic system that was constantly changing under the influence of socio-political and ideological movements, such as the Polish uprisings of 1830–1831 and 1863–1864, the rise of Slavophilia and Ukrainophilia. Attention is paid to the importance of travel for the development of the system of spatial and ethno-national structures. In addition, the conditionality of this system with ideas about history is proved. The issues raised in this article will contribute to further in-depth research in cultural anthropology, as well as be useful to historians working in the biographical genre.

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Вэн, Цзятун. « ШЁЛК ». Актуальные вопросы современной филологии и журналистики, n^o 2(45) (24 juin 2022) : 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/aqmpj.2022.88.39.002.

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В статье рассматривается история слова 糸/шёлк в Китае и России. Установлено, что уже в эпоху Хуан-ди, или Жёлтого императора (黃帝), 2600 лет до н. э., в Китае существовало шёлковое производство. По легенде, шёлк придумала китайская императрица и жена Жёлтого дракона Лэй Цзу (嫘祖). Ткань получила название糸 [sī] ‘шёлк’. Это слово было заимствовано соседними народами: маньчжурское sirghe , монгольское sirkek . От них в VI веке название ткани в форме σῆρες было заимствовано византийцами, у которых его взяли латиняне: sericus, Sēres . В Византии или Риме с этой тканью и её названием в IX-X веках познакомились скандинавы, преобразовав его в silki. От них лексема попала к восточным славянам в форме шьлкъ , заменив прежнее слово паволока , у которого была диффузная семантика. У восточных славян возникли формы рус. шёлк , укр. шовк , белор. шоўк . С конца XVI века в России начинает развиваться производство шёлка, сначала на Северном Кавказе и в низовьях Волги, а затем в центре страны. Появилось большое количество терминов, связанных с этой промышленностью. Слово шёлк вошло в русский литературный язык, приобрело метафорические и метонимические переносные значения, стало широко использоваться во всех стилях языка, в разных художественных, публицистических, научных текстах. В истории отмечен Великий шёлковый путь, который проходил от китайского города Сианя до Средиземного моря. В XXI веке он нашёл своё продолжение в китайской стратегии «Один пояс - один путь». ____________________________ © Цзятун Вэн, 2022 The article examines the history of the word шёлк/糸 ‘silk’ in China and Russia. It has been established that already in the era of Huang Di, or the Yellow Emperor (黃帝), 2600 BC, there was silk production in China. According to legend, silk was invented by the Chinese Empress and the wife of the Yellow Dragon Lei Zu (嫘祖). The fabric was named糸 [sī] 'silk'. This word was borrowed by neighboring peoples: Manchu sirghe, Mongolian sirtek. From them in the VI century, the name of the fabric in the form σῆρες was borrowed by the Byzantines, from whom the Latins took it: sericus, Sēres. In Byzantium or Rome, Scandinavians got acquainted with this fabric and its name in the IX-X centuries, transforming it into silki. From them, the lexeme came to the Eastern Slavs in the form of шьлкъ , replacing the former word паволока , which had diffuse semantics. The Eastern Slavs had the forms of Rus. шёлк, Ukr. шовк, Byelorus. шоўк. Since the end of the XVI century, silk production has been developing in Russia, first in the North Caucasus and in the lower reaches of the Volga, and then in the center of the country. A large number of terms related to this industry have appeared. The word silk entered the Russian literary language, acquired metaphorical and metonymic figurative meanings, became widely used in all styles of the language, in various artistic, journalistic, scientific texts. The Great Silk Road, which ran from the Chinese city of Xi'an to the Mediterranean Sea, is marked in history. In the XXI century, it found its continuation in the Chinese strategy "One Belt- One Road".

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Sokolov, Sergei V., et Sergey O. Goryaev. « “Ab Hoc Dispersione Nomen Rossicum” : G. S. Bayer’s Etymological Quest in the Context of the Scholarly Tradition ». Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 26, n^o 2 (2024) : 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2024.26.2.030.

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This article examines the ideas on the origin of the name Rus (Russian: русь) formulated by Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer (1694–1738), a professor at the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Bayer expressed his observations in an unfinished Latin text published after his death in the journal of the Academy. Using this publication, which has never been translated into Russian, the authors of the article examine Bayer’s critical comments and objections to various versions of the origin of the name Rus. Bayer’s text is a kind of catalogue of hypotheses that existed in the academic world in the first half of the eighteenth century. From the point of view of modern scholarship, all of them can be regarded as naive folk etymologies or legends (for example, the creation of the name Rus from the ancient name of a river, its comparison with the biblical people of Rosch, or the appeal to the legend of the brothers Lech, Czech and Rus, etc.). These versions are subjected to a fair and ironic criticism by Bayer. Based on new research on ideas of ethnic nomination, the authors place the versions in the context of discussions in historical writings of the sixteenth–eighteenth centuries. The results of the analysis of Bayer’s arguments show that he often makes very good use of his knowledge of ancient and modern languages and of the historical context to criticise other people’s versions. The article also examines in detail the etymology to which Bayer himself adheres. According to Bayer, the name of the Russian people comes from the Slavic word рассеяние (“dispersion”). This etymology was proposed in the sixteenth century by the Austrian diplomat Siegmund von Herberstein and supported by some Polish and German scholars. The authors show that Bayer finds additional historical and linguistic arguments for this hypothesis, which, of course, do not withstand the criticism of contemporary scholarship. The article notes the influence of Bayer’s hypothesis on the ideas of G. F. Mьller. The authors suppose that a certain forgetfulness of Bayer’s hypothesis is due to the fact that it contradicts his reputation as a “Normanist”.

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Gotsiridze, George. « The Caucasus in the 1920s – 1930s : the First Clash of the Democratic World with Russian Bolshevism and Its Consequences ». Balkanistic Forum 32, n^o 2 (1 juin 2023) : 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i2.3.

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The paper analyzes the historical processes taking place in the Caucasus in the 1920s-1930s, which reflect the destruction of the democratic states of the Caucasus by Rus-sian Bolshevism and the efforts of the political elite of the Caucasus to restore the independence through the unification of the Caucasus. The work highlights the actors of these dramatic events and shows the influence of domestic and foreign factors on the mentioned processes. It is emphasized that the first confrontation between Russian Bolshevism and Western-type democracy took place in the Caucasus, which ended with the defeat of the latter. Based on the critical analysis of rich primary sources, emigrant press, and the records of eyewitnesses, the paper explains the reasons for the victory of Russian Bol-shevism, on the one hand, and, of the defeat of the independent democratic states of the Caucasus, on the other hand, the importance of the unification of the Caucasus to achieve common Caucasian goals is highlighted, the indifferent attitude of the West-ern states (with some exceptions) to the ongoing processes in the Caucasus and their negative role in the victory of Russian Bolshevism is shown. It is emphasized that the pursuit of a pragmatic policy, devoid of values, which was carried out by the Western World in relation to Bolshevik Russia/Soviet Union, is disastrous even for pragmatists, that collaboration with totalitarian and autocratic regimes threatens the democracy and world order based on the basic principles of the international law. Based on the reconciliation of historical events, the paper draws parallels between the political processes going on in the period under investigation and the modern world, it is demonstrated the psycho type of Russia, which does not change historically, on one hand, and the mistakes of the Western world, which contribute to its militarization, on the other hand.

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Okolyshev, Daniil A., Irina S. Karabulatova, Margarita D. Lagutkina, Galina A. Zavarzina et Irina P. Savchuk. « Linguistic patterns in the lexical-semantic subsystem of new public administration : typology and features ». Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, n^o 57 (8 novembre 2022) : 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.57.09.14.

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The authors analyzed the confeptosphere of public administration from the position of representation in the Rus-sian language as an area of increased interest from the controlling structures in the field of state security. The au-thors relied on the postulates of the presence of three dimensions inherent in verbal signs: due to the indirect connec-tions of words and objects of semantics, determined by the relationship of words to each other syntagmatics and due to the relationship of words and communicants of pragmatics; about the discreteness and continuity of verbal signs, about the relative simplicity and minimal variability of intersystem relations between them, about the limited motivation of verbal signs and the inverse proportion of morphemic complexity and semantic structure of the word. The focus of attention is on studying the influence of language patterns on the functioning of the “dominant” lexi-cal-semantic subsystem of public administration in the Russian language of the recent period, associated with the ideas about the specifics of public administration focused on ensuring law and order and constitutionally estab-lished rights and freedoms of citizens. The paper concludes that lexical and semantic patterns are important in de-termining the main trends in the development of the lexical system of the Russian language in general, individual subsystems and language signs in particular.

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Танева, С. Й. « MEDICAL DISCOVERIES, DISEASES AND SYNDROMES IN EPONYMOUS TERMINOLOGY (BASED ON ENGLISH, RUS-SIAN AND BULGARIAN MEDICAL DISCOURSE) ». Университетская клиника, n^o 4(37) (1 décembre 2020) : 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26435/uc.v0i4(37).622.

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Thirty medical eponymous terminological units named after great scientists, physicians, mythological and literary characters have been debated in the current study. The eponymous terms are presented in English, Russian and Bulgarian medical discourse. Brief medical descriptions of the particular discovery, disease or syndrome have been made. Information is given about the person after whom the eponymous term is named, as well. The basic parameters of scientific term are identified: a) Unambiguity; b) Accuracy; c) Brevity; d) Systematicity; e) Grammatical correctness; f) Stylistic neutrality; g) Word formation. Special attention is paid to the specifics of medical eponymous term, its encyclopedic informative volume and didactic aspect regarding the teaching process of specialized medical vocabulary at medical universities. Medical domain “invasion” is highlighted in a number of other domains: politics, computer technology, economics, automotive engineering, ecology, etc. (based on specific examples).

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Musalı, Namiq, Ceren Ayyıldız et Hüseyin Gökmen. « Carcarlara İlişkin Bir Literatür Değerlendirmesi ve Rus Türkolog V. A. Gordlevskiy’nin Konu İle İlgili Tespitleri ». Edeb Erkan 1 (20 mai 2022) : 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.59402/ee001202203.

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This article is about a group called "Jarjar" among the Abdals. The literal and etymological meaning of the expression Jarjar was associated with Khorasan mystical knowledge. Accordingly, the word "Jar" means to desire and demand. It is used in all areas, especially in Sufism. Because of those who did this, asking for help and collecting what they bought with a bowl, bag or kashkul in hand, their job is known as "going out on the jar." Jarjar is the name of quarters in the centers of the cities of Konya and Beyşehir and the communities living in these quarters. The communities of Abdals living in Konya and Beyşehir are called Jarjars. The Jarjars are associated with the Yagmur Ojak, one of the Pir-Ojaks to which the Abdal communities belong. Yagmur Ojak, on the other hand, is attached to the Murshid-Ojak of Haji Bektash Veli. Today the Abdals live in the quarters of Jarjar and know about the naming of Jarjar. As the meaning of Abdal became negative over time, Jarjar too became unusable due to its equally negative interpretation. After some time, this name of both quarters and communities was forgotten from the point of view of the history of the city and it became impossible to explain what it was used for. The Russian turkologist V. A. Gordlevsky conducted the first independent research on the Jarjars. His article entitled "Jarjars in Konya" is based on his fieldwork in Konya and was first published in 1927. Gordlevsky occupies a privileged place among orientalists due to his studies of Bektashism, Alevism and the Qizilbash. However, despite the importance of his research, he made mistakes and included inaccurate information in his research. Because he draws heavy conclusions and gives room for gossip without analyzing his informants' stories, this makes his initial work on the subject sinister. Keywords: Jarjar, Abdal, Gordlevsky, Konya, Beyşehir, Yaghmur Ojak, Haji Bektash Veli.

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Michael, Kuhn. « The Image of Late Soviet Pioneer Camp in Russian Mass Culture Works of the 2010s ». Humanitarian Vector 15, n^o 5 (octobre 2020) : 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2020-15-5-85-93.

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During the first two decades of the 21st century, an increasing interest of Russian policymakers towards the Soviet past can be recorded, which is reflected in the modern Russian mass culture (movies, literature, music) providing more and more often a fruitful approach to reappraise the role of pioneer camps in the Soviet Union to its people. Based on an example of two significant mass culture products of the 2010s with different languages ‒ Aleksandr Karpilovskiy’s movie “Private Word of a Pioneer 2“ (2015) (rus. “Chastnoe pionerskoe. Ura kanikuly!!!”) and the novel “Food Block“ (2018) (rus. “Pishcheblok”) by Aleksey Ivanov, this article for the first time illustrates the image of two late Soviet pioneer camps “Youth” (1979) and “The Stormy Petrel” (1980) and gives analysis of their features with the help of descriptive-functional and comparative research methods. As a result, the semantics shows that one pioneer camp is a safe place for everyone and another one poses risks and it is more dangerous to be within the camp than outside. While in the “Youth” camp, the teaching staff devotes much attention to health promotion and cultural development of young pioneers, the main purpose of “The Stormy Petrel” is the ideological education. In both cases, we see educational formalism in the work of educators. Children and teenagers of the late Soviet era are seemingly burdened with playing young Leninists. The protagonist in the movie puts his personal goals far above the public interests in his personal hierarchy. By contrast, the protagonist of the novel is seeking for a true community in the pioneer camp and causes rejection and misunderstanding by others. In both late Soviet camps, the value of pioneer attributes (ties and badges) is noticeably decreased. In “Stormy Petrel”, their meaning is even audaciously perverted. Unreserved nostalgia for childhood, dominating in two works, does not prevent their creators to a greater (novel) or lesser (movie) extent to make a critical assessment of the late Soviet pioneer camps. Keywords: Soviet pioneer camp, A. Karpilovskiy “Private Word of a Pioneer 2”, A. Ivanov “Food Block”, late Soviet era, nostalgia, criticism

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Chubarov, Aleksei I. « Formation and activity of labor squads in the Russian Empire during the First World War ». Tambov University Review. Series : Humanities, n^o 194 (2021) : 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2021-26-194-185-193.

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The history of the creation and activity of student labor brigades on the territory of the Russian Empire is considered. They were supposed to replace men in peasant farms who had been mobilized into the ranks of the army. By the early 20th century, the agrarian Russian Empire was characterized by an excess of workers in the countryside, since a significant part of the country’s population lived in the countryside. The ruling circles of both Russia and the European powers were confident in the “inexhaustibility” of the human resources of the Russian state. However, al-ready in the summer and autumn of 1914, a shortage of workers in rural areas began to be felt. With the subsequent mobilizations, the situation only worsened. In response to the problem, the tsarist government asked the local authorities to help the families of the mobilized lower ranks in harvesting and sowing fields. We use materials from periodicals and primary materials deposited in the archives of the cities of the Central Black Earth region about student labor brigades of the Voronezh, Kursk and Oryol Governorates. We also use information on other regions of the Rus-sian Empire. It is assumed that labor brigades arose on a private initiative as one of the forms of mobilization of labor resources in conditions caused by a shortage of workers. Later, the initiative of educational institutions of the Minsk province received state support.

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TAIVĀNE, ELIZABETE. « MULTI-RELIGIOUS BELONGING AND CHRISTIAN IDENTITY IN THE WEST : CONTEXTS AND PERSPECTIVES ». Study of Religion, n^o 2 (2021) : 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2021.2.87-96.

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Double and multiple religious belonging (MRB) is one of the most popular fields of research in Religious Studies and Theology in the West. It is curious that Russia does not utilize the notion of MRB being acquainted just with the notion of double belief (Rus. dvoeverie ). The latter has almost nothing in common with double and multiple religious belonging in the Western sense of the word. So, what is MRB? Although the term does not seem to be ambiguous it does not mean a complete form of belonging to two or more religious traditions, it rather implies formal belonging to one religion and some extent of fragmentary participation in another religion or other ones. The notion of MRB is linked to the postmodern contextual interpretation of religion beyond any essentialism, which allows speaking about the hybridity of religions and religion as such, as well as about the option to relativize or broaden the notion of Christian identity. What interreligious models allow to make use of the notion of MRB and how can MRB co-exist with Christian identity in its traditional exclusivist understanding? In the protestant environment, the notion of MRB is a derivative of pluralism whereas inside Roman Catholicism it collaborates with inclusivism, which in its turn tries to restrict itself to the performative aspect of foreign religions...

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Batanina, I. A., E. V. Brodovskaya, A. Y. Dombrovskaya et R. V. Parma. « SOCIAL AND POLITICAL EFFECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN RUSSIA : RESULTS OF A STUDY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE "WORLD INTERNET PROJECT - 2021" ». News of the Tula state university. Sciences of Earth 4, n^o 1 (2021) : 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46689/2218-5194-2021-4-1-3-13.

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The results of the All-Russian survey on the social well-being of citizens in the con-text of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. The baseline results were con-clusions about changes in Russians 'offline and online consumer behavior, social expecta-tions, fears and citizens' perception of universal vaccination as a measure to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The study showed that three types of fears prevail among Russians: coronavirus infection of relatives and friends, their own illness when they do not receive the necessary medical care, and a drop in income (worsening living conditions) amid an uncon-trollably spreading pandemic. The analysis of the survey database showed the activation of digital behavior of citizens in the context of the pandemic, which became a favorable factor in the development of online retail. Against the background of the spread of the COVID-19 vi-rus, the age structure of the Russian national audience is changing, and the digital gap be-tween generations is gradually being bridged. The pandemic triggered the involvement of older people in the digital space. Cluster analysis of the research data made it possible to segment Russians into three groups in relation to the pandemic and measures to overcome it: covid-pessimists, who suffered the most from the restrictions of the corona virus and did not adapt to life under conditions of covid-restrictions; covid-optimists who have successfully adapted to new circumstances in connection with the spread of the COVID-19 virus; covid-realists focused on constructively overcoming the negative consequences of restrictive pandemic measures. Their socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics have been ana-lyzed, and the specificity of the civic position of representatives of various clusters of Rus-sians has been established.

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Temirbekova, Sulukhan K., Ivan M. Kulikov, Yuliya V. Afanasyeva, Olga O. Beloshapkina, Elena A. Kalashnikova, Rima N. Kirakosyan, Peter A. Dokukin, Dmitry E. Kucher, Mourad Latati et Nazih Y. Rebouh. « The Evaluation of Winter Wheat Adaptation to Climate Change in the Central Non-Black Region of Russia : Study of the Gene Pool Resistance of Wheat from the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) World Collection to Abiotic Stress Factors ». Plants 10, n^o 11 (29 octobre 2021) : 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112337.

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The paper presents the results of a 50-year research of the genepool of the winter wheat from the world’s largest wheat collection of N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) to investigate its resistance to the abiotic stress factors of the Moscow region and see how closely it matches the attributes of a wheat ideotype as postulated by N.I. Vavilov in 1935. The critical years in studying the wheat’s winter resistance were 10 years out of 50: excessive water saturation during the year 2013; soil drought in 1988; and atmospheric drought in 1972 and 2010. During the investigation, the following gene pool features were analyzed: frost characterized by the cultivar Sojuz 50 (Russia), rapid temperature change, thawing, ice, and rotting resistance characterized by the cultivars Zarya 2 (Russia), Sv 75268, (Sweden), Caristerm and Tukan (Germany), PP 114-74 and Liwilla (Poland), Maris Ploughman and Granta (Great Britain), Titan (USA), Zdar (Czech), and Zenta (Switzerland); regeneration capacity in spring after poor wintering expressed by the cultivars Pamyati Fedina (Russia), TAW 3668.71 (Germany) and Rmo (Poland); resistance to excessive soil and air saturation exhibited by the cultivars Moskovskaya 39 (Russia), Tukan, Compal, Obelisk, Orestis, and Bussard (Germany); solid standing culm that is resistant to lodging characterized by the cultivars Tukan, Kronjuwel, Compal (Germany), Zenta (Switzerland), Moskovskaya 56 (Russia), and Hvede Sarah (Denmark); resistance to enzyme-mycotic depletion of seeds characterized by the cultivars Tukan, Compal, Obelisk, Orestis, Bussard (Germany), Sv 75268, Helge, VG 73394, Salut, Sv 75355 (Sweden), Zenta (Switzerland), Moskovskaya 39, and Ferrugineum 737.76 (Russia); and resistance to soil and atmospheric drought demonstrated by the cultivars Liessau, Heine Stamm, Severin, Neuzucht 14/4, Haynes, Rus 991, Halle 1020 (Germany), Gama (Poland), Sv 71536 (Sweden), and Moskovskaya 39 (Russia). Moreover, the cultivar Mironovskaya 808 (Ukraine) showed resistance to almost all abiotic stress factors studied. The performed study contributes towards the provision of potential sources of resistance to abiotic stress factors prevalent in the Moscow region that can be incorporated in advanced breeding programs.

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Бугакова, Н. Б., Ю. С. Попова, О. В. Сулемина et М. В. Новикова. « ON THE QUESTION OF SOME WAYS TO VERBALIZE THE IMAGE OF MOTHERLAND IN S.A. YESENIN’S WORKS ». Актуальные вопросы современной филологии и журналистики, n^o 2(41) (28 juillet 2021) : 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/aqmpj.2021.55.95.013.

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This article aims to identify ways of verbalization of the image of the Motherland in S.A. Yesenin’s poems and to analyze the possible individual author's features of including of these elements into the text by the author. The feeling of Motherland is at the heart of the worldview of S.A. Yesenin, Motherland is the source from which he draws strength. Yesenin and Russia - the relation of these words is indissoluble. Such an attitude to Motherland could not fail to find realization in the poet's work, and we see that S.A. Yesenin's poems are filled with love for Motherland - for Russia, for Ryazan. The purpose of the proposed research is an attempt to consider with the help of which lexemes the author verbalizes the image of Motherland in his work. After the analysis we came to following conclusions: for explication of the image of motherland poet uses lexemes homeland, Russia. The lexeme motherland is used by the author in this spelling, without using a capital letter. Such a spelling, in connection with traditions, denotes the homeland as the place of birth, and not the country as a whole. We believe that the use of the lexeme motherland in the variant of writing with a small letter is due to the division of Motherland into large and small in the poet's picture of the world; for S.A. Yesenin motherland is Russia, to which so much attention is paid in poet's works. As an individual author's features of the verbalization of the image of motherland we can also note the use of the lexeme Rus ’ which was used to designate the territory of the Old Russian state. We believe that this use is associated with the poet's desire for imagery, typical of the representatives of the imagism movement, to which S.A. Yesenin belonged. Also for the verbalization of the image of the motherland author uses the lexemes Raseya, Rasseya; in addition, when analyzing the texts of poems, it is possible to distinguish all sorts of descriptive turns that explicate the image of the motherland in the picture of the world of S.A. Yesenin.

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Tashlykova, M. B., et E. V. Starodvorskaia. « Slavic languages in the face of challenges : semantic and derivational history of vyzov and wyzwanie (based on Russian and Polish languages) ». Rusin, n^o 66 (2021) : 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/66/9.

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The article deals with the semantic history of the group of lexical units in closely related languages (Rus. vyzvat’, vyzov, Pol. wyzwać, wyzwanie, wezwać, wezwanie). Despite etymological relationship between these words, they distribute and embody the same meanings differently. Among other things, this concerns the representation of the sense that has been described as a result of semantic calquing of the Eng. challenge. It is shown that the latest tendency of the use of vyzov is not entirely new and continues, in a logical and consistent way, semantic history of the word. A fertile ground for its new sense has been provided by the “competitive” meaning of vyzvat’, which requires the semantic role of “counterpart” within argument structure of the verb. That said, however, the new meaning of vyzov is generally found in contexts related to global forces that threaten the stability of the world. The pieces of conceptual structure that are embodied by Russian vyzvat’ and vyzov are distributed between two Polish verbs (wezwać and wyzwać) and the noun wyzwanie. The meaning in question (that one loaned from English), despite its novelty, seems to be conveyed by Polish deverbal noun more accurately than by its Russian equivalent. This is evidenced by its use in more diverse contexts including speaking of everyday activities. All things considered, it appears that in this case the Polish semantic system offers the perfect example of semantic calquing and that the explication of the calqued meaning in Russian requires more caution.

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Sulyak, S. G. « JOURNAL “FREE WORD : CARPATHO-RUSSIAN MONTHLY” AS AN IMPORTANT SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF SUBCARPATHIAN RUS IN THE INTER-WAR PERIOD ». Rusin, n^o 57 (2019) : 195–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/57/12.

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Tufleikina, Natalya Aleksandrovna. « Methods of individual educational work of curators at universities of the Ministry of the Interior in Russia ». Педагогика и просвещение, n^o 2 (février 2024) : 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0676.2024.2.70431.

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The subject of the article is the methods of individual educational work of curators in universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient development of the system of methods for individual educational work of curators, methodological recommendations for their use in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as the predominant orientation of many curators to the use of forms and methods of educational work carried out with groups and teams. The effective work curators involves the integrated use of the entire arsenal of methods and means of educational work. The purpose of the study is a detailed description of the methods of individual educational work of curators in universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The author lists and reveals the principles of organizing and conducting educational influence on the of cadets person in the system of individual educational work of curators, requirements for their use of methods of individual educational work. The article provides detailed methodological recommendations for the use of such methods of individual educational work as persuasion, example, competition, exercise, acceptance, criticism of actions and deeds by teachers at universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Rus-sia, individual tasks and assignments, providing comradely assistance, rendering knowledge of trust, coercion. It is noted that the choice of methods of educational influence depends on the experience of the subjects of education (including the curators and the cadet), goals, objectives, content and conditions of individual educational work, personal and professional characteristics of the cadet. The curator must make the optimal choice of method (or methods) of educational influence.

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KARADENİZ, Yılmaz. « The Iranian Politics of Britain and Russia During and After World War I (1914-1925) ». Asia Minor Studies 11, n^o 2 (26 juillet 2023) : 186–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17067/asm.1243070.

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İran, tarih boyunca üzerinde bulunduğu stratejik konumu ve sahip olduğu yeraltı kaynakları sebebiyle emperyalist devletlerin dikkatini çekmiştir. 19. asrın son yarısından itibaren de İngiltere, Rusya ve Fransa’nın sömürgeci siyasetine maruz kalmıştır. Özellikle 20. asrın başında nüfuzunu İran’da hissettiren İngiltere, aynı topraklarda hedefleri olan Rusya’nın Hindistan güzergâhına sarkmaması ve Fars Körfezi’ne ulaşmaması için bütün diplomatik manevraları devreye sokmuştur. İngiltere, Rusya’nın masa başında oyalanması, İran’ın kuzeydeki topraklarını işgal etmesi ile yetinmesi siyasetinde başarılı olmuştur. Kaçar idaresinin başlarında Fethali Şah döneminde kuzeydeki toprakların işgali ile başlayan İran-Rus Savaşlarının güneye sıçramaması için arabulucu rolü oynamış, bu rolü neticesinde iki devlet arasında imzalanan Gülistan ve Türkmençay antlaşmalarıyla İran’ın ağır savaş tazminatına mahkûm ettirilmesini sağlamıştır. Rusya’ya ödenecek tazminat, mali açıdan İngiliz nüfuzunun kurulmasını kolaylaştırmış, işgal edilen toprakların Rusya’da kalması ise bu devleti durdurmuştur. İran’ı I. Dünya Savaşı öncesinde kendi nüfuz bölgesi olarak gören İngiltere, bir yandan Kaçar idaresini de yıpratarak adım adım hedefine doğru ilerlemiştir. Rusya ise bu hedefin içerisinde rol almak suretiyle İran üzerindeki yayılmacı siyasetini ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmamızda adı geçen iki sömürgeci ülkenin İran’da gerçekleştirdikleri işgali, İngiltere’nın savaş sırasında temel gıda maddelerini stoklamasıyla ortaya çıkan kıtlık ve toplu ölümlere nasıl sebep olduğunu, Sovyetler Birliği’nin sosyalist ihtilal ile savaştan çekilmesiyle İran’da ortaya çıkan durumu vermeye çalışacağız. Sovyetler Birliği’nin İran siyaseti ve İngiltere’nın diplomatik hamleleri ile bu siyasetin etkisiz hale getirilmesi, Kaçar idaresinde sıkça gerçekleşen hükümet değişiklikleri ekseninde ele alınacaktır. Savaş sonrasında imzalanan İran-İngiltere Anlaşması ile bağımsızlığın elden çıkışı ve Rıza Mirpençe’nin niçin iktidara getirildiğini dönemin kaynakları doğrultusunda ortaya koymaya çalışacağız.

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Yongnuo, Li. « The Lexeme ‘Happiness’ in the Language Consciousness of Russian and Chinese University Students ». Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 15, n^o 3 (2023) : 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2023-3-44-53.

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The paper aims to reveal the moral and ethical values represented by the lexeme ‘happi-ness’ that are reflected in the linguistic consciousness of Chinese and Russianuniversity students. To this end, the author studies the semantic structure of the lexeme ‘happiness’ in the linguistic consciousness of students. Linguistic consciousness is a verbal reflection of our knowledge, our understanding of the world around us. The influence of socio-psychological factors ‘gender’ and ‘nationality’ on the understanding of happiness by students is determined in the article. The study employs the method of component analysis, onthe basis of which the semes constituting the meaning of the word ‘happiness’in the perception of Rus-sian and Chinese informants are distinguished. In total, there have been identified 24 components in the con-sciousness of Russian informants and 18 components –in the consciousness of Chinese. The components are represented by a semantic field, which is understood as the structure of the lexical meaning of a word. It con-sists of a core, pre-core zone, and periphery. A comparison of semantic fields of the lexeme ‘happiness’ as perceived by the informants showed both similarities anddifferences in its perception in the linguistic con-sciousness of Russian and Chinese students. Most Russian and Chinese informants understand happiness as a state of contentment, which coincides with the definitions in Russian and Chinese dictionaries. Atthe same time, there are peculiarities in the understanding of happiness in different linguistic societies. Russians see happiness as calmness, fun, and the overcoming of difficulties, while Chinese students consider it to com-prise enjoyment in life, being loved, anticipation of the future, and health.

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Pozhidaeva, Galina A. « The Originality of the Musical Work of the Composer Vladimir Pozhidaev (1946–2009) ». Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 69 (2023) : 366–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2023-69-366-378.

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The paper shows the composer's work appeal to serious and significant topics related to the historical and spiritual life of the people of Russia, both in the past and today. Typical artistic images of folk culture and the national nature of the musical language make it possible to qualify the composer’s work as the mainstream of “new folklore wave” of the 50 – 70s of the 20th century through to the 90s and enriching it with folk-instrumental genre. The leading instrumental form in the composer's work becomes a symphony, a concerto - which applies to the principles of genre and epic symphonism. Particular emphasis should be placed on the importance of the spiritual mentality of the Russian people and their musical and liturgical culture The organic fusion of the music of folk life and the high spiritual culture of Holy Rus' allows us to take a fresh look at the composer's work. It brings a new quality to the “new folklore wave”, revealing, along with a genuine folklore stream, a deep Orthodox faith concealed from the official direction of socialist realism, preserved among the people despite all prohibitions and persecution. In the work of V. Pozhidaev, the ancient layers of folk and Christian musical culture are connected in an original way. The depth of the content, the organicity of the folk and professional, expressed by modern means — all this gives rise to a surprisingly original musical world, full of kindness and illuminated by the inner light.

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