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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Rural-urban migration – Denmark – 19th Century »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Rural-urban migration – Denmark – 19th Century"
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Gruber, Siegfried, et Rembrandt Scholz. « Fertility in Rostock and Rural Mecklenburg-Schwerin in the 19th Century ». Historical Life Course Studies 6 (29 janvier 2018) : 11–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9326.
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In this paper we first set out to evaluate how much the fertility between Rostock as an urban settlement differed from the surrounding rural area of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in the 19th century. The available microdata allows for a more in-depth analysis compared to previous research based on aggregate data. The censuses of 1819, 1867, and 1900 provide data for using the Own-Children-Method. We analyse the urban-rural difference, the influence of occupational groups in the city of Rostock and its rural surroundings, and finally the influence of migration on fertility in the city of Rostock. Immigration from rural areas and other cities was the main reason for the population increase of Rostock in the 19th century and this could have affected its fertility levels. Overall fertility was higher for rural areas than for urban ones, while marital fertility was more or less the same. Marital fertility was almost the same for all occupational groups, even for the agricultural sector. Migration had no visible effect on marital fertility, which is both interesting and unexpected. The most important factor for the level of overall fertility was the proportion of married people, which was an outcome of the possibilities offered by different economic sectors and environments.
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Linaa, Jette. « The Fate of Rural Migrants in Early Modern Urban Centres : Soldiers, Servants, and Sailors ». Journal of Migration History 8, no 2 (15 juin 2022) : 220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-08020005.
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Abstract The seventeenth century saw a mass migration from the countryside to urban centres in Europe. Did migrants of rural origin integrate into their new communities, or did they form a subgroup in the town? This article is based on marriage, baptismal and burial records from the German and Danish Churches in Elsinore (Helsingør) between 1637 and 1660, and on municipal sources, mainly probate inventories and tax records. In the Early Modern period, Elsinore was the second-largest town in Denmark and the seat of the Sound Toll. This article presents a comparative analysis of the fate of rural and urban migrants in the town. The study found that rural migrants, and especially the women among them, faced lives of high mobility, poverty and limited social support, whereas urban migrants established more robust social networks and entered into more advantageous marriages.
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Glaser, Rüdiger, Iso Himmelsbach et Annette Bösmeier. « Climate of migration ? How climate triggered migration from southwest Germany to North America during the 19th century ». Climate of the Past 13, no 11 (21 novembre 2017) : 1573–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1573-2017.
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Abstract. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the extent to which climate and climatic change can have a negative impact on societies by triggering migration, or even contribute to conflict. It summarizes results from the transdisciplinary project Climate of migration (funded 2010–2014), whose innovative title was created by Franz Mauelshagen and Uwe Lübken. The overall goal of this project was to analyze the relation between climatic and socioeconomic parameters and major migration waves from southwest Germany to North America during the 19th century. The article assesses the extent to which climatic conditions triggered these migration waves. The century investigated was in general characterized by the Little Ice Age with three distinct cooling periods, causing major glacier advances in the alpine regions and numerous climatic extremes such as major floods, droughts and severe winter. Societal changes were tremendous, marked by the warfare during the Napoleonic era (until 1815), the abolition of serfdom (1817), the bourgeois revolution (1847/48), economic freedom (1862), the beginning of industrialization accompanied by large-scale rural–urban migration resulting in urban poverty, and finally by the foundation of the German Empire in 1871.The presented study is based on quantitative data and a qualitative, information-based discourse analysis. It considers climatic conditions as well as socioeconomic and political issues, leading to the hypothesis of a chain of effects ranging from unfavorable climatic conditions to a decrease in crop yields to rising cereal prices and finally to emigration. These circumstances were investigated extensively for the peak emigration years identified with each migration wave. Furthermore, the long-term relations between emigration and the prevailing climatic conditions, crop yields and cereal prices were statistically evaluated with a sequence of linear models which were significant with explanatory power between 22 and 38 %.
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Störmer, Charlotte, Corry Gellatly, Anita Boele et Tine De Moor. « Long-Term Trends in Marriage Timing and the Impact of Migration, the Netherlands (1650-1899) ». Historical Life Course Studies 6 (21 décembre 2017) : 40–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9327.
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The features of historical marriage patterns have been linked to debates in social and economic history about economic growth and female agency. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the demographics of marriage prior to the nineteenth century. Here, we study trends in sex-specific ages at first marriage, regional variation and the impact of migration on marital timing in the Netherlands in the period 1650-1900. We make use of two new large historical datasets, namely an aggregation of Dutch genealogies and the transcribed marriage banns of Amsterdam. This allows us to understand the features and developments of marriage ages from a long-term perspective in what is known as one of the core-areas of the so-called European Marriage Pattern. Our results show high marriage ages for both sexes from the beginning of our study period, increasing until the mid-19th century. A closer look at regional variation reveals clear differences between the provinces and between urban and rural settings with those in the western part of the country and in urban centers marrying earlier. Migrating individuals married on average later than non-migrating individuals both compared to men and women in the receiving community, as to the ‘stayers’ in the location of origin. As later marriage implies a reduction of the window of fertility, especially for women, our results suggest that migration and increasing regional mobility might have been an important driver of the demographic shift toward higher marriage ages and lower fertility in Europe between the 17th and 19th centuries.
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Morris, Robert J. « The Reproduction of Labour and Capital ». Articles 18, no 1 (7 août 2013) : 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017823ar.
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Urbanization in both Britain and Canada during the 19th century was associated with that intensification of capitalist relationships called industrialization. In Britain however, there were nuances worth noting. Industry migrated in from a countryside which was already full of economic activity both agricultural and industrial. Canadian urban growth took place in relatively empty economic space stimulated by the economic activity created by settler migration and commodity trade. Two important differences resulted. First, the contrast between urban and rural economic structures was much greater in Canada than in Britain, where rural community structures influenced urban social patterns. Secondly, Canadian urban centres acted as units of entrepreneur ship, within which leaders used the urban power base to attract capital and ensure its reproduction. The municipalities were weak in relation to the agents of capital with which they dealt; city councils, therefore, conceded much to manufacturers and even more to railways. The greater bargaining power of the established British urban centres showed in their relationship with the railway companies and urban utilities. British urban centres grew in a capital rich countryside. They used their urban power base to react to instabilities created by the accumulation of industrial capital, hence becoming predominantly agencies for the reproduction of labour.
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Forrai, Judit. « Női karrier a fegyelmi intézmények között : lelencház- bordélyház-dologház-Magdolna otthon a századfordulón ». Kaleidoscope history 11, no 22 (2021) : 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2021.22.96-108.
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In the last third of the 19th century, the number of Hungary’s urban population mounted dramatically by the natural demographic procedures and the additional impact of industrialisation. All towns overcrowded the in-country migration since rural people flooded the urban areas following the demand of the labour market. Males moved first to the construction industry and new factories and females followed them subsequently. In the emerging urban environment, novel social relationships were created, which stigmatised and criminalised the former tolerated extramarital newborns as outlaws of the society. Charity services of religious organisations turned out to be insufficient, thus caring for these babies was taken over by the Welfare State institutions in the new established foundling hospitals. There were brutal abuses in these facilities: cruel punishments, sexual harassment and “accidental” death cases. Mortality rates in these facilities were extremely high (15-45%) nationwide, nevertheless paediatric diseases and disabilities contributed substantially to the passing away of many children. State care ended by the age of 15 years. Girls were pushed directly to prostitution, which was a strong disciplined “industry” with its specialities and obligations. Any ill behaviour paved the way to the workhouses. Those who wanted to leave the prostitution had to change to the so-called Madeleine Home where they were burdened with hard physical work. These correction facilities were unavoidable for all young girls without traditional family background.
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Isopescu, Bogdan, Cristian Blidariu et Valeriu Stoian. « A Participatory Approach on Saving Vernacular Timber Heritage : A Case Study on Relocating a Wooden Church in Romania ». IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no 2 (1 novembre 2021) : 022098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022098.
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Abstract This paper presents a case study on participatory and collaborative traditional design-build architecture in Romania. The focus is set on dismantling, relocating, rebuilding and reusing a 19th century wooden church with the efforts of the adopting community. In Romania, wood is used as a traditional building material, largely for roof framing elements in urban areas and in most mountainous rural areas for the construction of houses and churches. Due to an ongoing demographic rural-urban migration and emigration many villages have, and are being depopulated, subsequently abandoned and many such structures left behind. Under these circumstances, the possibility of dismantling, relocating and reusing these types of structures has become economically viable in comparison to new-built structures. The design for disassembly, inherent to vernacular timber architecture and how the deconstruction and reuse of timber elements maintain their value through efficient reuse makes it a suitable work frame for a participatory based approach involving communities with basic construction skill levels. Thus strengthening communities, maintaining and developing local identity through heritage and crafts. This type of action shows an increasing potential for saving timber vernacular structures by activating local communities and responding to their needs, in a time where the concern for natural resource management and re-cycling or up-cycling is becoming ever more important. The aim of the project is to increase awareness regarding timber built heritage by formulating a successful example of a participatory design- build project. A desired goal is to shift the architectural discourse by coalescing it with wider views of democracy and alternative visions of a sustainable future.
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Yücel, Şennan. « Rekreasyon/Sportif Olta Balıkçılığı ; Ankara İli Örneği ». Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no 3 (28 mars 2021) : 542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i3.542-548.4013.
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The concentration of job opportunities in the city centers with the industrialization and the advancement in technology since the 19th century has accelerated the rural-urban migration. Ankara is one of the leading provinces receiving immigration due to the effect of being the capital city. The demand for recreation areas has increased in crowded cities. Recreational anglers especially in ponds, lakes, dams and rivers have been increasing rapidly. Angling done for only sports and recreation purpose without any commercial gain is the one the most important recreational activities. Socio-economic status of fishermen was investigated in the field study. The seasons, hours and periods of fishing, self-sufficiency of catches, continuity of fish stocks and relative amount of catch in fishing of amateur fishermen were determined. The safety of the fishes in terms of health, their opinions and thoughts about fishing rules, ownership status of amateur angling certificate and whether they are aware of the institutions that inspect the laws and regulations were investigated. The results of the research are aimed to shed light on the fishermen who have devoted themselves to recreational angling. In addition, it is aimed to increase the number of amateur fishermen with high level of awareness that will contribute to the provision of sustainable and continuous fishing by raising the level of awareness.
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Мельникова, Екатерина Александровна. « The Mezen Horse : Between Tradition and Brand ». ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, no 1 (24 avril 2021) : 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2021.22.1.007.
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Статья посвящена истории бытования мезенской росписи - зооморфного орнамента, использовавшегося с начала XIX в. мастерами д. Палащелье Архангельской губ. для декорирования деревянных изделий, и в первую очередь прялок. В центре внимания находится судьба мезенской лошадки - главного символа палащельской росписи, ставшего в XXI в. основой локального бренда в г. Мезени и его окрестностях. В работе рассматривается история палащельского промысла, включая трансформацию его социального, экономического и культурного значений на протяжении XX-XXI вв. Прялка - главный носитель мезенской росписи - перестала выполнять свою утилитарную роль, став объектом семейной памяти и культурной ценностью, связанной с локальной идентичностью местных жителей и художественным значением, определяемым экспертами-профессионалами. Вследствие этих перемен, а также миграций населения из деревень в города прялки с мезенской росписью стали ассоциироваться с покинутой малой родиной и деревенским миром в целом, вызывая к жизни особую форму чувствительности, требующей специальных навыков понимания, толкования и любви к мезенской росписи. Как показано в работе, два режима восприятия мезенской лошадки - семейной памяти и эстетической ценности - тесно взаимосвязаны, определяя эмоциональную привязанность и популярность этого элемента традиционной росписи среди современных жителей г. Мезени и Мезенского района. This article concerns the history of the Mezen horse, a zoormorphic ornament from the village Palashchelye in the Mezen Region of Arkhangelsk Province. From the beginning of the 19th century it has been used by craftsmen to decorate wooden items, especially spinning wheels. In the beginning of the present century the Mezen horse became the symbol of Palashchelye painting and the main local brand for the city of Mezen and its environs. The article examines the history of Palashchel crafts and discusses the transformation of its social, economic and cultural significance during the 20th and 21st centuries. The spinning wheel, the main bearer of Mezen decoration, has ceased to fulfill a utilitarian role, becoming instead a focus of family memories and cultural value, interpreted both in terms of local identity and artistic significance. As a result of this change, as well as the migration of the population from villages to cities, spinning wheels with Mezen painting began to be associated with one’s abandoned birthplace and the rural world in general. This has given rise to a special kind of sensitivity that entails special skills of interpretation as well as love. Two different modes of such sensibility are discussed in the article - the mode of family memory and the mode of esthetic value - that are interwoven, endowing the Mezen horse with emotional meaning and broad popularity among the modern urban inhabitants of Mezen and its environs.
Thèses sur le sujet "Rural-urban migration – Denmark – 19th Century"
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Yamin, G. M. « The causes and processes of rural-urban migration in 19th and early 20th century India : the case of Ratnagiri district ». Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2232/.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the reasons for the growth of large scale labour migration from Ratnagiri district during the nineteenth century. It is argued firstly that for an understanding of the origins of migration from Ratnagiri it is necessary to investigate the socio-economic structure of the district, since exogenous demand for labour cannot explain many aspects of the pattern of migration from Ratnagiri, nor can it explain the high rate of migration compared to other areas with similar access to labour markets. It is argued that regional and gender patterns of migration from Ratnagiri can be partly explained by the structure of demand for labour within the district; but that the scale of migration can most convincingly be explained in terms of the acute poverty of sections of the rural population. It is argued that this poverty cannot be ascribed to demographic pressure in the early nineteenth century, since population in the district did not rise rapidly until migration was already underway. It is instead suggested that the poverty of many cultivators in the earlier nineteenth century was an outcome of the spread of a village zamindari system in Ratnagiri during the late eighteenth century, the impact of which was intensified by legal changes introduced under British rule; the consequent concentration of landholding in the hands of the village zamindars led to higher exactions on the lower caste cultivators, which stimulated emigration in the mid nineteenth century. Furthermore, it is suggested that the land tenure system was at the root of the problems of agricultural development which the district faced later in the nineteenth century. When population rose In the mid nineteenth century, the extension of cultivation put pressure on the fragile ecology of the district, which led to rapid deforestation and falling yields per acre. it is argued that though cultivation intensified In Ratnagiri during the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the output per head nonetheless probably fell, and the system of land tenure discouraged the adoption of many strategies which might have raised output per head, thus perpetuating the poverty which, it is argued, lay at the root of out-migration from Ratnagiri.
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JORGENSEN, Steffen Elmer. « Emigration fever : the formation of an early rural emigration tradition on Lolland-Falster and Mon, three Danish Islands, 1830-1871 ». Doctoral thesis, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/5848.
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Defence date: 28 June 1991Examining Board: Prof. Claude Fohlen, Université de Paris I ; Prof. Hans Christian Johansen, Univ. of Odense ; Prof. Erik Pedersen, Univ. of Copenhagen ; Prof. Peter Hertner, EUI ; Prof. Robert Rowland, EUI
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Livres sur le sujet "Rural-urban migration – Denmark – 19th Century"
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Yamin, Gillian Mary. The causes and processes of rural-urban migration in 19th and early 20th century India : The case of Ratnagiri district. Salford : University of Salford, 1991.
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Native place, city, and nation : Regional networks and identities in Shanghai, 1853-1937. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1995.
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Chicago dreaming : Midwesterners and the city, 1871-1919. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 2005.
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Goodman, Bryna. Native Place, City and Nation : Regional Networks and Identities in Shangai, 1853-1937. University of California Press, 1995.
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(Editor), Bruno Blonde, Michele Galand (Editor) et E. Vanhaute (Editor), dir. Labour and Labour Markets Between Town and Countryside (Middle Ages-19th Century) (Comparative Rural History of the North Sea Area, 6). Brepols Publishers, 2001.
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