Bibliographies thématiques / Rural building

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Rural building »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Rural building"

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Dudley, Eric. « Rural building course ». Habitat International 21, no 3 (septembre 1997) : 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-3975(97)88093-9.

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Li, Fan, Zhi Min Li et Xiao Min Wang. « Study on Old Construction Renewal of the Rural School Buildings ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (mai 2012) : 1730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1730.

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With the construction of the urban-rural integration, Chinese township's structure begins to adjust. The changes of the site layout planning of rural schools bring a large number of vacant rural school buildings. This paper aims to study the possibility and rationality about the rural school building reuse in northwest China. The appropriate retrofitted buildings types are public buildings such as culture building, medical building or welfare building. The construction method is proposed which includes the repair, replacement and increase. Finally, the example that the rural school building transformed into the disabled care center proves the possibility and rationality about the renovation patterns. The use of this kind of renovation patterns will save construction costs, bring economic benefits and a good social effect.
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Arcidiacono, C., S. M. C. Porto et G. Cascone. « Seismic Analysis of Traditional Stone Rural Buildings : Case study of a one-storey building ». Informes de la Construcción 67, no 537 (30 mars 2015) : e053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.13.039.

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Zhu, Yiyun, Xiaona Fan, Changjiang Wang et Guochen Sang. « Analysis of Heat Transfer and Thermal Environment in a Rural Residential Building for Addressing Energy Poverty ». Applied Sciences 8, no 11 (28 octobre 2018) : 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112077.

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Reducing energy consumption and creating a comfortable thermal indoor environment in rural residential buildings can play a key role in fighting global warming in China. As a result of economic development, rural residents are building new houses and modernizing existing buildings. This paper investigated and analyzed a typical rural residential building in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in Northwest China through field measurements and numerical simulation. The results showed that making full use of solar energy resources is an important way to improve the indoor temperature. Reasonable building layout and good thermal performance of the building envelope can reduce wind velocities and convective heat loss. Insulation materials and double-glazed windows should be used to reduce energy loss in new buildings, although it is an evolution process in creating thermally efficient buildings in rural China. This research provides a reference for the design and construction of rural residential buildings in Northwest China and similar areas for addressing energy poverty.
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Liu, Yong Jun, Xing Tao Ma et Yong Mei Sun. « Flood Damage to Rural Buildings Result from Foundation Scour and Scour Protection Strategy ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (mai 2012) : 2627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2627.

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In China, flooding is one of the most common and frequent natural disasters, which can cause life and property losses partly due to heavily damage and collapse of rural buildings. Hence, it is very important to conduct comprehensive study on flood damage to rural buildings. In this paper, the flood damage to rural builds is described and analyzed with emphasis on the foundation scour, which may result in whole building collapse, and scour protection strategy. Damages or collapse caused by foundation scour of rural building can be categorized into two main groups according to the location of rural a building. After summarizing existing scour protection strategies, a new technology is suggested. The contents presented in this paper may be useful references for further study on flood damage to rural building and scour protection engineering practices.
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Garrido-Velarde, Jacinto, María Montero-Parejo, Julio Hernández-Blanco et Lorenzo García-Moruno. « Visual Analysis of the Height Ratio between Building and Background Vegetation. Two Rural Cases of Study : Spain and Sweden ». Sustainability 10, no 8 (24 juillet 2018) : 2593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082593.

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The perception of apparent sizes of buildings in a rural environment depends on the height ratio between the building and its surrounding vegetation, and it is this parameter which is currently used to assess the built landscapes. The impact of a contrasting height is less strong if the building does not exceed the horizon line. For buildings overshooting the skyline, the building’s level of sharpness and number of lines in contrast to the sky determines the impact of the scales, and vegetation in the background helps to reduce impact. The specific objectives of the present study were: (1) finding height–ratio thresholds between building and background vegetation, which may improve the integration of rural buildings in sky-sensitive locations, and; (2) comparing the results in two rural contexts with very different climatic conditions: Spain and Sweden. A survey of eighteen scenarios (nine Spanish and nine Swedish), all digitally modified with different relative height ratios between vegetation and buildings, was performed. The survey was evaluated by the public from both countries. Regardless of the country of origin, integration of the building was good or very good when the vegetation in background did not exceed one half of the height of the construction. These results may be translated to technical criteria for planning assessment.
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Wu, Ya Jun, Xue Ying Wang et Dong Xu. « Analysis and Discussion of the Cold Northern Areas of Rural Residential Energy Efficient Design ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (août 2012) : 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.121.

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In the cold regions of northern China, compared to the urban residential buildings, the rural residential buildings are lack of energy-saving technology, which currently in its infancy, some places even still blank, this does not meet China's energy conservation policy, is not conducive to the sustainable development of the country. For this reason, this paper is focused on rural residential building, starting from environmental analysis and technical measures, analyzed on rural residential energy-saving design, and also make research and discussion in terms of building sitting and planning, shape and layout of the building, building structure and technology.
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Qianda, Zhuang, Zheng Guoquan, Mohd Kher Hussein, Noor Fazamimah Mohd Ariffin et Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos. « Identification of rural vernacular building character and conservation strategy from the perspective of rural tourism -- a case study of Yayou Gou Village in Shandong Province, China ». E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021) : 02076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125102076.

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Rural vernacular building is a traditional dwelling house with the characteristics of the time and regions, which is now greatly impacted by urbanization and modernization. This research takes the rural vernacular building of Yayou Gou Village as the study case and uses document analysis, observation, and interview method to investigate the character and conservation strategies of rural building. The paper suggests that the building site characters are greatly influenced by topography and living conditions, followed by village traffic. The architectural forms represent the rural style of southern Shandong province with the unique roof shale covered. The layout of the building helps to maintain kinship and improve the local microclimate. Under the background of rural tourism development, effective protection methods for traditional buildings include function revitalization, museum transformation, homestay transformation, and local residents’ living are identified. Through the analysis of rural characteristics and conservation methods exploration, it is beneficial to further research on the character of rural architectural elements, promote the utilization and protection of rural building landscape, and provide enlightenment for rural development.
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Xiao, Shi Yun, et Yun Fei Sun. « Numerical Analysis of the Rural Building due to Flood Impact ». Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (mai 2011) : 1857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1857.

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The impacting action of flood destroyed dramatically the rural buildings. In this paper, the rural building was analyzed numerically to investigate the destruction of rural building due to the flood impact. The rural building was discretized into 7950 8-node block elements and 4098 Goodman elements to simulate the brick and mortar respectively. The rule impact loading of flood on rural building was calculated using the criterion of gravity similarity according to test results. Finally, the stress, the displacement and the failure process of the rural building are studied. Firstly, the mortar element locates on the wall between the door and the window failure and more and more mortar and brick elements failure with the increasing loading. Finally, the right wall was damaged because the door and the right window decreased its stiffness. Because the failure mortar and brick elements decrease the stiffness of the structure, the displacements of the rural building increased nonlinearly with the increasing loading.
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Su, Ying She. « Study on Energy Conservation of External Wall Structure of Rural Houses in Cold Area ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (juillet 2014) : 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.716.

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According to the status of the northern rural architecture analysis, the prevalence of high energy consumption, low comfort features, it is essential to design energy-efficient buildings in rural areas. Article research and analyze the layout of rural buildings, a variety of energy-saving technologies and building design measures development and utilization of new energy sources and other issues that can make rural buildings to save energy and improve the environmental quality of living of farmers. It also put forward some reasonable suggestions for carrying out residential building energy efficiency in cold areas.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Rural building"

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Niazi, Zeenat. « Understanding rural building systems in India ». Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22546.

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Building practices in rural areas have developed in response to a variety of interrelated factors like climate, local physiography and socio-cultural traditions. The rural house is as much an agrarian product as the crops and livestock depending on a balanced eco-system. It is characterised by a dependence on the immediate natural environment for materials, high labour and low energy inputs in construction. Unfortunately, depletion of natural resources, changes in resource management structures and rapid monetisation of the rural economy have had abrupt and often detrimental effects on the condition of rural shelter.
This research attempts to understand the characteristics of rural building systems in order to identify the nature of interventions required to facilitate the process of shelter upgrading. From a study of six villages in Jhansi district of Bundelkand region, the study demonstrates that indigenous building practices and delivery processes can form effective links in the process mentioned. Local building materials, techniques of construction, service transaction, and methods of skill and information transfer are studied to analyse the factors which influence appropriation of available options by users.
This study indicates that effective and sustainable interventions in resources, technologies and delivery processes in rural India will need to utilise the potential offered by the 'network nature' of rural building systems. Any new or improved systems of construction will have to be supplemented by increasing users' access to them and will need to pass through the tests of: (1) Enlarging the range of available options, (2) Augmenting (at least not limiting) the variety and flexibility in delivery options and, (3) Increasing the level of local control in construction and management.
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Neokorides, Peter Alexander. « Thinking through making : the rural building workshop ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19080.

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This thesis is about the link between thinking and making, and how designing and physically building or prototyping what is designed (or parts there of) aids in the generation of ideas, and has a potential for architectural education. The ideas that have transpired through the course of the year from building models and doing research for my theory and technology papers has led me in the direction of developing components and techniques for construction made from easily sourced tools and materials - ones from local industry and the landscape - that give rise to a tectonic expression as well as allows for an adaptable type of architecture. The methodology informing the design has therefore developed from the bottom up through the use of these components, as well as from the top down by means of a structural concept. The first part of the paper looks at the theory of making which deals with aspects of making in current society that I find relevant to this thesis. Part two and three of this paper is comprised of reciprocal components. Part two deals with the theory of structure and how my findings have helped guide the process of making, and have led to an appropriate structural system for my concept of a 'growing' or adaptable building. The third part of this paper describes the models I have built this year to illustrate the concept of 'techne', or the process of creation that is guided by the thing made, in order to demonstrate the qualities that materials possess, as well as how the act of making can be a design generator. It also describes how the initial stage of building models has led to the exploration of structural systems and components, and how models relating to the programme and site have been able to start informing the form of a building. The fourth and final part of this paper looks at the programme, site, and materiality of the 'Rural Building Workshop'.
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Mattsson, Jenny. « Study of Rural Housing in Mamba District Kilimanjaro, Tanzania ». Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Civil Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11504.

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As one of the poorest countries in the world, Tanzania faces various kinds of problems. The housing situation is poor in the whole country, especially in rural areas where the main part of the population lives in mud houses.

The report is focused on modern houses and is aimed at finding sustainable low cost solutions to be used as alternatives for existing techniques.

The report is based on a field study in the Mamba district, Tanzania during 8 weeks in 2009.

The traditional mud houses are poor and do not live up to a decent standard of living. The living conditions are extremely primitive in these houses and pose a health risk to the occupants. Modern houses provide a better standard of living and are good investments for future generations. The building design and technology can be rationalised and improved and building costs can be reduced through alternative methods.

There are several ways in which building costs can be reduced. Focus should be on using local materials to minimise expensive transport costs. Cement is the single most expensive building material and should be replaced by other materials where possible. However, it is important that sustainability of the construction is not impaired. In the long term, it is better to invest in proper sustainable building structures even if the costs will increase.

This study has resulted in sustainable low cost alternatives to the current building technology that the local builders can benefit from. Tradition is strong in Tanzania and changes may take long to implement. The alterations suggested and discussed in this report can be considered as a good basis for development of the current building design and technology in the Mamba district.

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Byrne, Robert P. « Learning drivers : rural electrification regime building in Kenya and Tanzania ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6963/.

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Rural electrification has been a long-standing objective in many developing countries. For decades, the assumption and practice has been to build centralised generating capacity and transmit the electricity over national grids. More recently, interest has grown in using PV (photovoltaic) technology as a solution to the problem of rural electrification. A private household market for PV has been developing in Kenya since 1984 and now has more than 200,000 systems installed, sold through this private market. Consequently, it is widely hailed as a success story among developing countries. Until recently, Tanzania had almost no household PV market, despite interest from a number of actors, including some of those who have been involved in enabling the rapid growth of the market in Kenya. However, sales of PV began to grow quite rapidly from the early 2000s and the trend appears to be gaining pace, with an estimated 285 kWp sold in 2007, having risen by 57% in one year. At the time of the research, there were two large donor-funded PV projects underway in the country. The research attempts to explain the dynamics of the two PV niches over the past 25 years using strategic niche management as its theoretical framework. It finds that the Kenyan niche has benefited more from donor support than is usually acknowledged. The thesis also makes theoretical and methodological contributions. It offers a way to connect first and second-order learning to expectations and visions concepts; dimensions expectations and visions; and presents a tool for systematic investigation of socio-technical trajectory developments. The thesis also suggests a number of ways in which the strategic niche management framework could be enhanced. These include stronger theorising about learning, and the incorporation of power, politics and risk into the theory.
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Edström, Frank, et Jonas Nyman. « Building in rural Tanzania : Proposal for a self-sufficient orphanage ». Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65070.

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Stanley, Lois A. 1961. « Community asset building in rural development : an analysis of military-base redevelopment in rural host communities ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8518.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-164).
This dissertation is about opportunities in rural development. Often we think of development as a function of location. In the pursuit of economic development, analysts and practitioners tend to consider the advantages--economic, geographic, and institutional--of one location over another. Rural areas often weigh in toward the bottom of such analyses because they enjoy few of the traditional, i.e., location-dependent, resources for development. The general question underlying this dissertation is: How do rural communities find opportunities for economic development without the traditional resources to serve as stimuli? Local responses to air force bases closures during the 1990s are examined, first, through a comparative analysis between the groups of six rural and 26 metropolitan host communities of closed bases and, second, through case studies of four host communities--three rural and one metropolitan. Principle findings included:
(cont.) *Surprisingly, the rural host communities achieved success in base redevelopment comparable to metropolitan host communities despite significant economic, geographic, and institutional gaps between the two groups in the study. *Residents mobilized in response to base-closure crises in every community. Through participation in base reuse planning activities, residents grew knowledgeable in base-related issues that, ultimately, aided redevelopment and compensated for the lack of more formal local development expertise. *Host communities capitalized upon much-needed development assets they derived from federal resources--grants, technical assistance, and base property. *By the end of the study period, the rural host communities, in particular, had improved their capacity to plan and manage future development through the accumulation and capitalization of assets derived from local and federal resources in base redevelopment.
by Lois A. Stanley.
Ph.D.
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Hughes, Jonathan. « Toward a Poetics of Green Building ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1427981120.

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Wallace, Rick L. « Building a Clinical Librarian Program : Challenges in Urban and Rural Settings ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8800.

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Cash, Carol Scott. « Building condition and student achievement and behavior / ». This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10052007-143026/.

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Wu, Hsin-Chao. « Local Traditions, Community Building, and Cultural Adaptation in Reform Era Rural China ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13070033.

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This dissertation examines the so-called revival of local traditions in reform-era China. It compares the different paths of adapting local traditions to market transitions and a changing political landscape. Three questions guide this study: 1) given state suppression of tradition, to what extent is power and society in localities still structured by traditional practices? 2) What determines how a particular community can provide support to individual members? 3) Does the cultural legacy of a community constrain how the community can respond to new situations? And how easily can a community reformulate the past to suit the present need? This study argues that local communities have actively used traditional practices to build community strength and deal with a variety of community issues arising from changes in the political landscape and socio-economic situations. Traditional practices are not nostalgia, but are the base for collective action and social organization in rural communities. The revival of traditional practices constructs community identity, defines how one relates to others, and instructs how one experiences the group to which one belongs. This study shows that the same sets of cultural practices and symbols with different arrangements can produce different degrees of community solidarity and strength. Variation on the use of traditional practices for building community in different localities is explained through an interactive model with a number of factors jointly shaping the community strength. These are the local legacy, the state, the new market economy, and interests of individual community members. These factors have different interactive relations in each local community, and result in different degrees of community strength. This study adds to our understanding of reform era China in two particular aspects. The first is to demonstrate how the collective aspect of traditional practices has worked in rural communities. The second is to demystify the effectiveness of Chinese culture on economic development. My study does not treat Chinese culture as a holistic system. Rather, it shows that in economic behavior there is nothing essentially Chinese, such as using lineage or family networks. Cultural utility, such as strong and effective lineage networks, is a result of complex interaction among top-down state forces, the market, local culture, and individual interests, and cannot be duplicated simply out of functional utility and rational calculation.
Sociology
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Livres sur le sujet "Rural building"

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Bjorn, Johannessen. Building rural roads. Bangkok : International Labour Organization, 2008.

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Rural constructions in timber. Lund, Sweden : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1988.

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S, Moscovice Ira, dir. Building rural hospital networks. Ann Arbor, Mich : Health Administration Press, 1995.

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Judith, Annett, Rothe David 1968-, Great Britain Scottish Office et Scottish National Rural Partnership, dir. Consensus building. Edinburgh : Scottish Office, 1998.

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Centre for Social and Economic Development (Kathmandu, Nepal), dir. Governance and rural capability building. Kathmandu : Centre for Social and Economic Development, 2001.

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Solomon Islands. Ministry of Development Planning and Aid Coordination. Solomon Islands : Building local foundations for rural development : building local foundations for rural development. Washington, DC : The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank, 2007.

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Greg, Halseth, Halseth Regine 1961-, Brandon University. Rural Development Institute. et Canadian Rural Revitalization Foundation, dir. Building for success : Explorations of rural community and rural development. Brandon, Man : Rural Development Institute, Brandon University and Canadian Rural Revitalization Foundation, 2004.

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Kiros, Fassil G. Challenging rural poverty. Trenton, N.J : Africa World Press of the Africa Research and Publications Project, 1985.

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Lolich, Liliana. Patagonia : Arquitectura rural en madera : el departamento Bariloche. [Buenos Aires, Argentina] : Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Historia de la Arquitectura y del Urbanismo, 1993.

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International Institute of Rural Reconstruction. et Indian Rural Reconstruction Movement, dir. Building rural communities : The experiences of the Indian Rural Reconstruction Movement. [New York?] : International Institute of Rural Reconstruction in cooperation with the Indian Rural Reconstruction Movement, 1988.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Rural building"

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Williams, Jessica M., Vivian Chu, Wai-Fung Lam et Winnie W. Y. Law. « Building Rural Resilience ». Dans SpringerBriefs on Case Studies of Sustainable Development, 39–81. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5824-2_3.

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Lanning, Kimber. « Building a Rural Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ». Dans Rural Areas in Transition, 149–70. New York : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003280620-8.

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Wang, Jinhua. « Building a New Socialist Countryside ». Dans Rural Revitalization in China, 121–44. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9028-1_7.

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Williams, Jessica M., Vivian Chu, Wai-Fung Lam et Winnie W. Y. Law. « Rural Revitalisation : Building Rural Resilience Through Collaborative Governance ». Dans SpringerBriefs on Case Studies of Sustainable Development, 17–37. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5824-2_2.

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Hu, Yi. « Building a New and Clean State ». Dans Rural Health Care Delivery, 99–110. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39982-4_10.

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Azano, Amy Price, Devon Brenner, Jayne Downey, Karen Eppley et Ann K. Schulte. « Building Professional Networks in Rural Schools ». Dans Teaching in Rural Places, 104–19. New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. : Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003106357-9.

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Lake, Jeremy. « Problems and Opportunities in Rural Conservation ». Dans Understanding Historic Building Conservation, 46–73. Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470691823.ch5.

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French, Charlie. « Rural Innovation Redefined ». Dans Building Rural Community Resilience Through Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 1–16. New York : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003178552-1.

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Hu, Yi. « Rural Health Care Delivery and State Building ». Dans Rural Health Care Delivery, 27–32. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39982-4_3.

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McGee, Dawn, Kiah Hochstetler et Michael Braun. « Acquiring, Building, and Investing in Private Businesses ». Dans Rural Areas in Transition, 236–54. New York : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003280620-12.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Rural building"

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ŠADZEVIČIUS, Raimondas, Vincas GURSKIS et Dainius RAMUKEVIČIUS. « SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS FROM STRAW PANELS ». Dans Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.012.

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Sustainable (environmentally friendly) modern construction is not limited only to use of natural and environmentally friendly materials. The concept of the construction is an important factor and that is applied to local materials, especially if they come from renewable sources. The sustainable (environmentally friendly) building principles, methods of construction from straw, the essential building requirements for construction from straw are discussed in the article. Straw as a building material used for a very long time, but this usage is often associated with certain mistrust, fears: the building will burn, the mice, rats are attacking, etc. Straw building uses raw materials which are agricultural waste. Buildings constructed from straw decompose in the end of their lifecycle and the construction waste in the area of construction is biodegradable, consequently, it is not necessary to take them away to a landfill. The evaluation of the global and Lithuanian experience of using straw and the structures in which straw are used shows, that the essential requirements can be provided if the straw and timber-framed buildings with straw as a heat insulating material are constructed properly, they use to meet the essential requirements according to the Law on Construction and the European Council and Parliament Regulation No 305/2011.
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Johnson, David Lloyd, et Kobus Roux. « Building rural wireless networks ». Dans the 2008 ACM workshop. New York, New York, USA : ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1410064.1410068.

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Gurskis, Vincas, et Viktorija Zujavičienė. « INFLUENCE OF BUILDINGS EXTERIOR ON THE LANDSCAPE OF THE NEMUNAS DELTA REGIONAL PARK ». Dans Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.051.

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Protected areas were established in Lithuania in order to preserve not only the natural and cultural heritage, landscape and biodiversity, but the landscape and ecological balance, the genetic fund, to restore the natural resources and to provide educational recreation, research and environmental monitoring as well as the promotion of natural and cultural heritage protection. The Nemunas Delta Regional Park was established to preserve the lower Nemunas landscape, the natural ecosystem and cultural heritage values, and manage them rationally. Protected areas residents seek to reconstruct, modernize the existing buildings, in such a way the landscape is being changing. The evaluation of the structures belonging to one hundred park’s homesteads showed that the existing older buildings roof covering is from grey asbestos slates (56 %). In recent years, ceramic tiles and non-asbestos slates are being increasingly used as roofing material, wood (characteristic for grey colour) is usually used for building wall decoration (48 %). These colours correspond to the regulated by the park management regulations. The Regional Park landscape is blemished by the ruins of abandoned buildings, individual illegal structures, unsuitable colours selected for building exteriors decoration, the recommended window division into four or six sections is not being kept to.
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WOJEWÓDZKA-WIEWIÓRSKA, Agnieszka, Agnese KRIEVIŅA et Ligita MELECE. « BUILDING SOCIAL CAPITAL THROUGH LEADER APPROACH 2007-2013 : CASE OF LATVIA AND POLAND ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.131.

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Building and developing social capital is regarded as a major factor underpinning the development of rural areas, while the LEADER approach to rural development has been found to have a great potential for creation and use of social capital. Therefore, the aim of the study is to explore the LEADER approach in building social capital in rural areas of Latvia and Poland, based on the thematic analysis of the implemented projects during 2007-2013. To achieve the objective, the study explores the introduction of the approach in Latvia and Poland, as well as presents project case studies for social capital formation in Latvia and Poland, by using appropriate materials and research methods. Projects carried out under the LEADER 2007-2013 in Latvia and Poland affect rural communities regarding social capital on different levels at the same time: build trust, create bonds around common values and raise citizens' involvement in joint initiatives. There are examples of projects that contribute to the building of structural social capital, relational social capital and cognitive social capital in Latvia and Poland. Overall, the thematic analysis of the realized projects in Latvia and Poland reveals that in relation to the social capital they have improved the possibilities for gathering and socialization, for participation in interest groups and associations. Never before in rural areas of Latvia and Poland there has been such a form of cooperation of different local actors, applying the bottom-up approach. Studies show that this approach works well in practice and brings the intended effects to rural development.
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Grants, Edvins. « A survey of statistics of building fires in Latvia ». Dans Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.033.

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A survey of 8985 records on all fires in Latvia in 2019 gathered by State Fire and Rescue Service was performed to find out if gathered data is suitable and complete for establishment of statistical database for fire protection engineering. The purpose of the survey is to assess suitability of provided content for further studies of the characteristic building fire occurrence probabilities in different building occupancy classes and to obtain solid background for calculations of national values of fire activation partial safety factors which could be implemented in national annex of Eurocode 1 part 1–2. Study contains data about the total number of building fires with relevance to their occupancy types and review of recorded fire causes for residential buildings that provide overall insight on typical causes of fires in dwellings.
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KALDER, Janar, Alo ALLIK, Hardi HÕIMOJA, Erkki JÕGI, Mart HOVI, Maido MÄRSS, Jarek KURNITSKI et al. « OPTIMAL WIND/SOLAR ENERGY MIX FOR RESIDENTIAL NET ZERO-ENERGY BUILDINGS ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.020.

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The article is concentrated on the energy storage problems arising from microgeneration in private households. The case study involves a small-scale wind and solar electricity production set in a net zero-energy building. Both the net zero-energy building and the microgeneration units are connected to an utility grid. The current article serves to confirm the hypothesis, that the self consumption is at its maximum with the annual 70/30 wind and solar energy mix of in favour of the wind. The maximal self consumption at no additional energy storage in a net zero-energy building is studied as well. Produced and consumed energies are equal, which satisfies the requirements for a net zero-energy building with the utility grid acting as an energy buffer. The consumed energy is used to operate a heat pump, heat up ventilation supply air, run ventilation fans, supplying non-shiftable loads (white goods, TV, lighting etc), heat up domestic hot water via heat pump. To express self consumption, we use the term of supply cover factor, which describes optimally the directly consumed energy in relationship to net consumption or production. In annual scale, the cover factors for a net zero-energy building are equal as the production and consumption are equal as well. Also, seasonal variations in self consumption are studied. According to study results, the annual maximal supply cover factor in a net zero-energy building is 0.375 with 70/30 wind/solar mix. Seasonally, the self consumption is at its maximum in summer when the supply cover factor equals to 0.49.
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JÕGI, Erkki, Alo ALLIK, Hardi HÕIMOJA, Tõnis PEETS, Heino PIHLAP, Mart HOVI, Eve ARUVEE et al. « INCREASING ELECTRICITY SELF-CONSUMPTION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS BY ELECTRICITY-TO-HEAT CONVERSION AND STORAGE ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.205.

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The current paper addresses energy storage issues in residential buildings with the objective of increasing direct consumption. The building, connected to an utility grid, is supplied by a micro wind turbine and PV panels. The utility grid itself acts as an energy buffer. Only nonshiftable loads (white goods, TV etc.) and electric water heating are taken into account. The studied configuration comprises two cascaded heating boilers, one of them preheating boiler. The annual electricity production of the micro wind turbine and PV panels is chosen to cover the hot water demand and nonshiftable loads inside the building with 70/30 ratio in favour of the wind energy. During the experiments, the generation graphs’ shaving levels vary between 0 and 100 %, with peak energy diverted into a preheating boiler and the remaining part fed into the main boiler. The proposed solution allows increasing locally consumed energy share, as the energy of stochastic peaks is stored and used on later demand. The locally consumed energy is expressed by the cover factor, its increase possibilities are studied in main text. Calculations are based on 5- minute time series. The applied algorithm follows the amount of heat in the main and preheating boiler, including also incoming and outgoing energies. The cover factor cannot be increased without restrictions. Too high shaving levels bring along problem of removing excess heat from the preheating boiler. The allowed drain loss is taken as 10 % of annual boiler energy balance. The presumed growth of the cover factor at preheating boiler volume of 160 l instead of 80 l is at least 8 %. with the main boiler sized as before.
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Hjálmarsdóttir, Hafdís Björg, et Vera Kristín Kristjánsdóttir. « BUILDING UP KNOWLEDGE IN RURAL PLACES ». Dans IISES Annual Conference, Sevilla, Spain. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2018.035.021.

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Lasauskiene, Jolanta, et Jovita Bagdonaviciute. « Building Intercultural Competence through Different International Study Programs at University ». Dans Rural environment. Education. Personality. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2018.026.

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Skousen, Jacob. « Building Rural Leadership Capacity : Lessons Learned Through a Rural Leader Learning Community ». Dans 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC : AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1444221.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Rural building"

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Heckert, Jessica, Audrey Pereira, Cheryl Doss, Emily C. Myers et Agnes R. Quisumbing. Building livelihoods for rural youth : A gendered perspective. Washington, DC : International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896293649_07.

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Allen, Adriana, Donald Brown, Julio Davila et Pascale Hofmann. Topic Guide : Building reciprocal rural-urban linkages through infrastructure investment and development. Evidence on Demand, mai 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12774/eod_tg.allenaetal.

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Donovan, Jason, et Nigel Poole. Value chain development and rural poverty reduction : asset building by smallholder coffee producers in Nicaragua. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp11271.pdf.

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Zibani, Nadia, et Martha Brady. Scaling up asset-building programs for marginalized adolescent girls in socially conservative settings : The Ishraq program in rural Upper Egypt. Population Council, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy12.1023.

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Arora, Saurabh, Arora, Saurabh, Ajit Menon, M. Vijayabaskar, Divya Sharma et V. Gajendran. People’s Relational Agency in Confronting Exclusion in Rural South India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/steps.2021.004.

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Social exclusion is considered critical for understanding poverty, livelihoods, inequality and political participation in rural India. Studies show how exclusion is produced through relations of power associated with gender, caste, religion and ethnicity. Studies also document how people confront their exclusion. We use insights from these studies – alongside science and technology studies – and rely on life history narratives of ‘excluded’ people from rural Tamil Nadu, to develop a new approach to agency as constituted by two contrasting ways of relating: control and care. These ways of relating are at once social and material. They entangle humans with each other and with material worlds of nature and technology, while being mediated by structures such as social norms and cultural values. Relations of control play a central role in constituting exclusionary forms of agency. In contrast, relations of care are central to the agency of resistance against exclusion and of livelihood-building by the ‘excluded’. Relations can be transformed through agency in uncertain ways that are highly sensitive to trans-local contexts. We offer examples of policy-relevant questions that our approach can help to address for apprehending social exclusion in rural India and elsewhere.
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Griffin, Andrew, Sean Griffin, Kristofer Lasko, Megan Maloney, S. Blundell, Michael Collins et Nicole Wayant. Evaluation of automated feature extraction algorithms using high-resolution satellite imagery across a rural-urban gradient in two unique cities in developing countries. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40182.

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Feature extraction algorithms are routinely leveraged to extract building footprints and road networks into vector format. When used in conjunction with high resolution remotely sensed imagery, machine learning enables the automation of such feature extraction workflows. However, many of the feature extraction algorithms currently available have not been thoroughly evaluated in a scientific manner within complex terrain such as the cities of developing countries. This report details the performance of three automated feature extraction (AFE) datasets: Ecopia, Tier 1, and Tier 2, at extracting building footprints and roads from high resolution satellite imagery as compared to manual digitization of the same areas. To avoid environmental bias, this assessment was done in two different regions of the world: Maracay, Venezuela and Niamey, Niger. High, medium, and low urban density sites are compared between regions. We quantify the accuracy of the data and time needed to correct the three AFE datasets against hand digitized reference data across ninety tiles in each city, selected by stratified random sampling. Within each tile, the reference data was compared against the three AFE datasets, both before and after analyst editing, using the accuracy assessment metrics of Intersection over Union and F1 Score for buildings and roads, as well as Average Path Length Similarity (APLS) to measure road network connectivity. It was found that of the three AFE tested, the Ecopia data most frequently outperformed the other AFE in accuracy and reduced the time needed for editing.
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Chen, Xin, Yanfeng Ouyang, Ebrahim Arian, Haolin Yang et Xingyu Ba. Modeling and Testing Autonomous and Shared Multimodal Mobility Services for Low-Density Rural Areas. Illinois Center for Transportation, août 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-013.

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Recent developments in transformative technologies hold the promise to provide holistic solutions for affordable transportation services to rural areas and thus greatly alleviate existing social inequality through efficient planning and management of complex transportation systems and systemwide interactions among multiple modes. To realize the promise, many challenging research questions need to be addressed, which often leads to computationally intractable, large-scale, dynamic/stochastic, discrete optimization models. This project proposes to address some of the challenges by building a series of holistic and tractable models on the design of mobility services, capacity planning, dynamic matching, and routing, as well as pricing. The proposed project is expected to create a new series of planning and management models that can support strategical and operational decisions for large-scale autonomous and shared mobility systems in rural areas. The planned case study and simulation for the Village of Rantoul, Illinois, will lay the foundation for future field implementation.
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Sumberg, James. Youth and Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa : Time to Reset Policy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.038.

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Agriculture is widely promoted as the only economic sector capable of providing employment to the millions of rural Africans entering the labour market in the coming decades. Two competing visions vie for attention. The first is of innovative, entrepreneurial youth driving rural transformation; the second is of agriculture providing young people with little more than survival opportunities. Between these two visions are the young people themselves, actively building their livelihoods, which most often include some engagement with agriculture. Policy interventions need to better consider how young people engage with the rural economy and how they imagine their futures.
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Kohlitz, Jeremy, Naomi Carrard et Juliet Willett. Support Mechanisms to Strengthen Equality and Non-Discrimination (EQND) in Rural Sanitation (Part 2 of 2). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), juillet 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.003.

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A renewed focus on equity is being driven by the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation framework and Sustainable Development Goal 6.2, which emphasise the importance of adequate and equitable sanitation for all. However, as raised in Part 1 of this issue on equality and non-discrimination (EQND), there is evidence that CLTS processes for achieving community-wide outcomes are not always systematic, adequate, sustained, or sufficient to meet the needs of disadvantaged groups. A compilation of 50 CLTS and rural sanitation programmes around the world that significantly used support mechanisms was gathered to inform this issue. Our rapid review of the programmes found that although numerous trials existed, few had been taken to scale, few were located outside of Asia, and many did not have disaggregated monitoring and evaluation information that is publicly shared or collected at all. This issue therefore emphasises the importance of monitoring, evaluating and knowledge sharing processes in building an evidence base for facilitating equitable rural sanitation outcomes.
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Bhatt, Mihir R., Shilpi Srivastava, Megan Schmidt-Sane et Lyla Mehta. Key Considerations : India's Deadly Second COVID-19 Wave : Addressing Impacts and Building Preparedness Against Future Waves. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.031.

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Since February 2021, countless lives have been lost in India, which has compounded the social and economic devastation caused by the second wave of COVID-19. The sharp surge in cases across the country overwhelmed the health infrastructure, with people left scrambling for hospital beds, critical drugs, and oxygen. As of May 2021, infections began to come down in urban areas. However, the effects of the second wave continued to be felt in rural areas. This is the worst humanitarian and public health crisis the country has witnessed since independence; while the continued spread of COVID-19 variants will have regional and global implications. With a slow vaccine rollout and overwhelmed health infrastructure, there is a critical need to examine India's response and recommend measures to further arrest the current spread of infection and to prevent and prepare against future waves. This brief is a rapid social science review and analysis of the second wave of COVID-19 in India. It draws on emerging reports, literature, and regional social science expertise to examine reasons for the second wave, explain its impact, and highlight the systemic issues that hindered the response. This brief puts forth vital considerations for local and national government, civil society, and humanitarian actors at global and national levels, with implications for future waves of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on the COVID-19 response in India. It was developed for SSHAP by Mihir R. Bhatt (AIDMI), Shilpi Srivastava (IDS), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), and Lyla Mehta (IDS) with input and reviews from Deepak Sanan (Former Civil Servant; Senior Visiting Fellow, Centre for Policy Research), Subir Sinha (SOAS), Murad Banaji (Middlesex University London), Delhi Rose Angom (Oxfam India), Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica) and Santiago Ripoll (IDS). It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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