Thèses : « Rumiati »

1

DEGAN, CRISTINA. « Le parole delle donne. Modalità del discorso di genere e costituzione dell'identità femminile ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/23933.

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How women speak: Gender discourse and female identity construction. I would like to tackle some theoretical questions raised by feminist thought, particularly on the subject of gender discourse, in an effort to offer a wider re-thinking of the variables in play. We must not forget that life conditions for women everywhere are still marked by great disparities of treatment and opportunities. Gender difference is not totally biologically determined, but develops through unavoidable bio-cultural input. The “difference” question, then explores the meaning of this difference in its specificity, as it results from a complex biological and cultural process. This involves research in different fields, such as cultural anthropology and psychoanalysis, provided one does not forget to take into consideration, cautiously and determinedly, the material characteristics of each historical identity. The identity of women is historically unstable across cultures, which makes it necessary to give recognized legitimacy to individual identity, without invoking metaphysical categories but also without disembodying it. Individual, gendered, identity is the result of a long process of biological and cultural interactions buried in history. Now that neuroscience has given an important contribution to this debate, the principle of individuation has taken on dimension both scientific and cultural. A definition of difference can be based on this intersection between psychological and material cognition. This paper is aimed at identifying at least a descriptive outline of all the different issues raised by the question of gender, also through a review of the feminist positions of the 60’s, but keeping in mind the fact that the very tools of feminism have been “contaminated” by contributions from specialized fields , in particular the discovery of mirror neurons. It would be interesting to see if one could speak of “female” mirror neurons (for example, through breastfeeding) that would determine a “specialized” care-giving behavior . Women can generate a discourse no longer exclusively dependent on conceptual, asexual strictures, but open to metaphor and narrative . Along these lines we can start to build a common world, where a place is made for a“ feminine logic” that repudiates a generic neutrality of thought, and looks, instead, for the “sexed” character of each of all ideas.

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Dinakar, Karthik. « Ruminati : modeling the detection of textual cyber-bullying ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76572.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-96).
The scourge of cyber-bullying has received widespread attention at all levels of society including parents, educators, adolescents, social scientists, psychiatrists and policy makers at the highest echelons of power. Cyber-bullying and it's complex intermingling with traditional bullying has been shown to have a deeply negative impact on both the bully as well as the victim. We hypothesize that tackling cyber-bullying entails two parts - detection and user-interaction strategies for effective mitigation. In this thesis, we investigate the problem of detecting textual cyber-bullying. A companion thesis by Birago Jones will investigate use-interaction strategies. In this thesis, we explore mechanisms to tackle the problem of textual cyber-bullying using computational empathy - a combination of detection and intervention techniques informed by scoping the social parameters that underlie the problem as well as a socio-linguistic treatment of the underlying socially mediated communication on the web. We begin by presenting a qualitative analysis of textual cyber-bullying based on data gathered from two major social networking websites and decompose the problem of detection into sub-problems. I then present Ruminati - a society of models of models involving supervised learning, commonsense reasoning and probabilistic topic modeling to tackle each sub-problem.
by Karthik Dinakar.
S.M.

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Sheikh, Mohamed Nur Abdullahi <1954&gt. « Prevalenza della peste dei piccoli ruminanti (PPR) in Puntland ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/90/1/La_Peste_dei_Piccoli_Ruminanti_in_Puntland.pdf.

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Sheikh, Mohamed Nur Abdullahi <1954&gt. « Prevalenza della peste dei piccoli ruminanti (PPR) in Puntland ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/90/.

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Rossi, Davide <1975&gt. « Studio della Peste dei Piccoli Ruminanti nei territori saharawi ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4747/1/rossi_davide_tesi.pdf.

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La Peste dei Piccoli Ruminanti (PPR) è una patologia virale ed acuta che colpisce i piccoli ruminanti, diffusa in Africa Sub-Sahariana, in Medio Oriente ed in Asia Meridionale. Questo lavoro si propone di effettuare il primo studio epidemiologico sulla PPR nella Repubblica Araba Saharawi Democratica (RASD), che comprende i Campi Profughi Saharawi, in territorio algerino, ed i “Territori Liberati” del Sahara Occidentale, valutando la potenziale presenza, prevalenza e distribuzione del virus della PPR in questi territori. Lo studio si è basato su una metodica di campionamento “a cluster” secondo la tecnica “a due stadi”. Sono stati individuati 23 siti di campionamento dai quali sono stati raccolti un totale di 976 campioni di siero prelevati da pecore, capre e cammelli. I campioni sono stati prelevati in Marzo ed Aprile 2008. I risultati dei test Competitive-Elisa hanno evidenziato una sieroprevalenza nel 28,26% degli animali testati, benché durante la raccolta dei campioni nessun animale abbia presentato sintomi clinici riferibili alla PPR. Tra Gennaio e Maggio 2010, in seguito ad episodi di aumentata mortalità nella popolazione ovi-caprina presente nei Campi Profughi, le autorità veterinarie locali sospettarono un outbreak di PPR. Tra Maggio ed Ottobre 2010 è stato sviluppato un outbreak investigation nei Campi Profughi Saharawi con lo scopo di confermare la circolazione del PPRV. I risultati di laboratorio hanno confermato la presenza del virus nel 33,33% dei campioni. Il sequenziamento del genoma virale ha rivelato che il virus apparteneva al Lignaggio 4 e le analisi filogenetiche hanno indicato una stretta relazione (99.3%) con il PPRV isolato durante l'epidemia di PPR in Marocco del 2008.
Peste des Petitis Ruminants (PPR) is an acute viral disease affecting small ruminants and widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and South Asia. This study aims to perform the first epidemiological survey on PPR in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), including Sahrawi Refugees Camps, western Algeria, and “Liberated Territories” of Western Sahara, assessing the potential presence, prevalence and distribution of the PPRV in these territories. The survey was based on a two-stage cluster sampling methodology. 23 clusters were identified, leading to a total of 976 serum samples collected from sheep, goats and camels (March/April 2008). The results of Competitive-Elisa tests evidenced a serological positive prevalence in 28,26% of the tested animal, even though during the collection no animal presented clinical signs related to the subjected disease. A major number of positive animals was revealed in goats and sheep, with higher prevalence in subjects over 36 moths of age. One positive case was reported also in camels. Following reports of increased mortality in the small ruminant population of the Sahrawi Refugees Camps, between January and May 2010, local veterinary authorities suspected an outbreak of PPR. Between May and October 2010 an outbreak investigation was implemented in the Sahrawi Refugee Camps, with the objective of confirming the circulation of the Peste des Petits Ruminants virus (PPRV). Laboratory results confirmed the presence of PPRV in 33.33% of the samples. Sequence analysis revealed that the virus belonged to Lineage IV and phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship (99.3%) with the PPRV isolated during the Moroccan outbreak in 2008.

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Rossi, Davide <1975&gt. « Studio della Peste dei Piccoli Ruminanti nei territori saharawi ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4747/.

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La Peste dei Piccoli Ruminanti (PPR) è una patologia virale ed acuta che colpisce i piccoli ruminanti, diffusa in Africa Sub-Sahariana, in Medio Oriente ed in Asia Meridionale. Questo lavoro si propone di effettuare il primo studio epidemiologico sulla PPR nella Repubblica Araba Saharawi Democratica (RASD), che comprende i Campi Profughi Saharawi, in territorio algerino, ed i “Territori Liberati” del Sahara Occidentale, valutando la potenziale presenza, prevalenza e distribuzione del virus della PPR in questi territori. Lo studio si è basato su una metodica di campionamento “a cluster” secondo la tecnica “a due stadi”. Sono stati individuati 23 siti di campionamento dai quali sono stati raccolti un totale di 976 campioni di siero prelevati da pecore, capre e cammelli. I campioni sono stati prelevati in Marzo ed Aprile 2008. I risultati dei test Competitive-Elisa hanno evidenziato una sieroprevalenza nel 28,26% degli animali testati, benché durante la raccolta dei campioni nessun animale abbia presentato sintomi clinici riferibili alla PPR. Tra Gennaio e Maggio 2010, in seguito ad episodi di aumentata mortalità nella popolazione ovi-caprina presente nei Campi Profughi, le autorità veterinarie locali sospettarono un outbreak di PPR. Tra Maggio ed Ottobre 2010 è stato sviluppato un outbreak investigation nei Campi Profughi Saharawi con lo scopo di confermare la circolazione del PPRV. I risultati di laboratorio hanno confermato la presenza del virus nel 33,33% dei campioni. Il sequenziamento del genoma virale ha rivelato che il virus apparteneva al Lignaggio 4 e le analisi filogenetiche hanno indicato una stretta relazione (99.3%) con il PPRV isolato durante l'epidemia di PPR in Marocco del 2008.
Peste des Petitis Ruminants (PPR) is an acute viral disease affecting small ruminants and widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and South Asia. This study aims to perform the first epidemiological survey on PPR in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), including Sahrawi Refugees Camps, western Algeria, and “Liberated Territories” of Western Sahara, assessing the potential presence, prevalence and distribution of the PPRV in these territories. The survey was based on a two-stage cluster sampling methodology. 23 clusters were identified, leading to a total of 976 serum samples collected from sheep, goats and camels (March/April 2008). The results of Competitive-Elisa tests evidenced a serological positive prevalence in 28,26% of the tested animal, even though during the collection no animal presented clinical signs related to the subjected disease. A major number of positive animals was revealed in goats and sheep, with higher prevalence in subjects over 36 moths of age. One positive case was reported also in camels. Following reports of increased mortality in the small ruminant population of the Sahrawi Refugees Camps, between January and May 2010, local veterinary authorities suspected an outbreak of PPR. Between May and October 2010 an outbreak investigation was implemented in the Sahrawi Refugee Camps, with the objective of confirming the circulation of the Peste des Petits Ruminants virus (PPRV). Laboratory results confirmed the presence of PPRV in 33.33% of the samples. Sequence analysis revealed that the virus belonged to Lineage IV and phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship (99.3%) with the PPRV isolated during the Moroccan outbreak in 2008.

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PRIMI, RICCARDO. « COMPOSIZIONE NUTRIZIONALE DI LEGUMINOSE TRADIZIONALI PER L'ALIMENTAZIONE DEI RUMINANTI ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/774.

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L’alimentazione proteica risulta di fondamentale importanza per l’ottimizzazione della produttività e per il benessere degli animali di interesse zootecnico. L’identificazione di fonti vegetali alternative e/o complementari a quelle attualmente utilizzate (soia in primis) nel razionamento degli animali si rende necessaria per motivi economici, ambientali e legislativi, cercando di evitare, tuttavia, penalizzazioni sull’appetibilità della razione e sulla risposta produttiva. La ricerca condotta ha riguardato lo studio della composizione nutrizionale di semi di cece (Cicer arietinum) e lupino azzurro (Lupinus angustifolius), con approfondimenti sul contenuto di composti nutrizionalmente attivi e/o antinutrizionali, la valutazione della fermentescibilità ruminale mediante tecniche in vitro, anche alla luce di possibili interazioni genetiche (varietà e linee genetiche) e colturali (epoca e densità di semina). I risultati ottenuti hanno permesso di comprendere eventuali limiti di utilizzo di tali leguminose per l’alimentazione degli animali, in particolar modo dei ruminanti, e di attribuire le fonti di variabilità per la massimizzazione produttiva e qualitativa.
Ruminants protein nutrition is an essential item for optimizing the productivity and welfare of animals. The identification of pulses sources as alternative or complementary to those currently used (primarily soya) in the ration of ruminants is necessary for economic, environmental and legislative reasons, trying to avoid, however, penalties on palatability and productive response. The research focused on the study of the nutritional composition of seeds of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius), with insights on the content of nutritionally active compounds and / or antinutritionals, the evaluation of the ruminal fermentability using in vitro techniques, also considering possible genetic interactions (varieties and genetic lines) and farming practices (time and density of sowing). The results of the present study suggest that these pulses could be a potentially good feedstuff contributing at the same time to the energy and protein balance of animal diet. Moreover, the presence of active compounds like tannins at levels that should not be regarded as anti-nutritional, can be useful in ruminant feeding due to the moderating activities exerted by those compounds toward the ruminal degradation of proteins.

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PRIMI, RICCARDO. « COMPOSIZIONE NUTRIZIONALE DI LEGUMINOSE TRADIZIONALI PER L'ALIMENTAZIONE DEI RUMINANTI ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/774.

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L’alimentazione proteica risulta di fondamentale importanza per l’ottimizzazione della produttività e per il benessere degli animali di interesse zootecnico. L’identificazione di fonti vegetali alternative e/o complementari a quelle attualmente utilizzate (soia in primis) nel razionamento degli animali si rende necessaria per motivi economici, ambientali e legislativi, cercando di evitare, tuttavia, penalizzazioni sull’appetibilità della razione e sulla risposta produttiva. La ricerca condotta ha riguardato lo studio della composizione nutrizionale di semi di cece (Cicer arietinum) e lupino azzurro (Lupinus angustifolius), con approfondimenti sul contenuto di composti nutrizionalmente attivi e/o antinutrizionali, la valutazione della fermentescibilità ruminale mediante tecniche in vitro, anche alla luce di possibili interazioni genetiche (varietà e linee genetiche) e colturali (epoca e densità di semina). I risultati ottenuti hanno permesso di comprendere eventuali limiti di utilizzo di tali leguminose per l’alimentazione degli animali, in particolar modo dei ruminanti, e di attribuire le fonti di variabilità per la massimizzazione produttiva e qualitativa.
Ruminants protein nutrition is an essential item for optimizing the productivity and welfare of animals. The identification of pulses sources as alternative or complementary to those currently used (primarily soya) in the ration of ruminants is necessary for economic, environmental and legislative reasons, trying to avoid, however, penalties on palatability and productive response. The research focused on the study of the nutritional composition of seeds of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius), with insights on the content of nutritionally active compounds and / or antinutritionals, the evaluation of the ruminal fermentability using in vitro techniques, also considering possible genetic interactions (varieties and genetic lines) and farming practices (time and density of sowing). The results of the present study suggest that these pulses could be a potentially good feedstuff contributing at the same time to the energy and protein balance of animal diet. Moreover, the presence of active compounds like tannins at levels that should not be regarded as anti-nutritional, can be useful in ruminant feeding due to the moderating activities exerted by those compounds toward the ruminal degradation of proteins.

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Georgiev, Vasil [Verfasser], et Rumiana [Akademischer Betreuer] Dimova. « Light-induced transformations in biomembranes / Vasil Georgiev ; Betreuer : Rumiana Dimova ». Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1218401982/34.

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Zanutto, Silvia. « Malattie parassitarie in ruminanti allevati con metodo biologico in Veneto ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427398.

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In the last years, the consumers’ sensitivity to the quality of both animal products and production process has increased, inducing the quest of breeding methods more respectful of environment benefits and animal welfare. The Italian legislation on organic farms (Reg. CE 834/2007 and Reg. CE 889/2008) provide for specific measures of breeding and a maximum of 2 antiparasitic treatments/year with synthetic drugs. This survey arose from the necessity to control parasitic diseases in ruminants bred in organic farms of the Veneto region, and to assess the efficacy of alternative methods for controlling parasites. A total of 28 (14 cattle, 11 goats, 3 ovine) farms and 776 individual fecal samples (449 goats, 97 ovine, 230 cattle) were analysed by qualitative (prevalence: 85.2% cattle; 97.7% goats; 90.7% ovine) and quantitative coprological tests. In general terms, the use of pasture is a risk factor for gastrointestinal strongyles, with a peak of prevalence during autumn; other factors as breed, altitude and different kinds of treatment don’t seem to influence the parasitological situation. No farms were positive for the presence of bronchopulmonary strongyles and ectoparasites. During this survey, 72 bovine blood samples were collected and tested by indirect immunoflorescence (73.9% and 8.2% positive sera to Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, respectively) and PCR (all negative blood coagula). Moreover, copromicroscopic detection of Fasciola hepatica eggs in a dairy farm was confirmed by the presence of adult parasites found in 6/11 (54.5%) calf livers. Finally, a trial was carried out in a goat farm to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial phytotherapic (Privirum - GreenVet) against nematode parasites (FECR <80%). On the basis of these results, the parasitic situation don’t seem to be worrying in the investigated organic farms; nevertheless, it needs a continuous monitoring and control. Further studies are required to evaluate the real efficacy of non-conventional treatments, because in force legislation strongly suggest to use them.
Negli ultimi anni, la sensibilità dei consumatori non solo verso la qualità dei prodotti di origine animale ma anche dell’intero processo produttivo, ha determinato l’esigenza di dirigere l’allevamento verso tecniche sempre più rispettose dell’ambiente e del benessere animale; per questo motivo l’interesse per allevamenti zootecnici di tipo biologico è andato aumentando. La normativa italiana per l’allevamento biologico (Reg. CE 834/2007 e Reg. CE 889/2008) prevede specifiche misure di allevamento e un massimo di due trattamenti antiparassitari annui con farmaci di sintesi. Questo studio è nato dalla necessità di verificare la situazione parassitaria negli allevamenti biologici di ruminanti in Veneto e di valutare l’efficacia di metodi alternativi nel controllo delle parassitosi. In totale sono stati indagati 28 allevamenti (14 di bovini, 11 di caprini 3 di ovini) e 776 campioni fecali prelevati da altrettanti animali (449 caprini, 97 ovini, 230 bovini). Tutti i campioni sono stati analizzati mediante esame coprologico qualitativo (positività: 85,2% nei bovini; 97,7% nei caprini; 90,7% negli ovini) e quantitativo. In generale, l’uso del pascolo risulta essere un fattore di rischio per gli strongili gastro-intestinali, con un incremento dei valori di prevalenza nel periodo autunnale. ;Altri fattori quali razza, altitudine e differenti tipi di trattamento non sembrano influenzare la situazione parassitaria degli allevamenti. Nessuno degli allevamenti indagati è risultato positivo per strongili bronco-polmonari ed ectoparassiti. Nel corso dell’indagine sono stati prelevati 72 campioni di sangue bovino per la ricerca di Babesia spp. mediante test di immunofluorescenza indiretta (sieropositività del 73,9% per Babesia bovis e dell’8,2% per B. bigemina) e PCR (su coaugoli risultati tutti negativi). Inoltre sono stati esaminati 11 fegati di vitelli, provenienti da un allevamento positivo per Fasciola hepatica agli accertamenti coprologici, individuando la presenza di parassiti adulti in 6 (54,5%) fegati. Infine è stata eseguita una prova con un prodotto fitoterapico commerciale (Privirum - GreenVet) in un allevamento di capre per valutarne l’efficacia contro i nematodi (FECR <80%). Dall’indagine è emerso che le parassitosi non sono un problema particolarmente sentito dagli allevatori. Sebbene la situazione parassitaria riscontrata negli allevamenti indagati non sembri preoccupante, essa necessita di un continuo monitoraggio e, in alcuni casi, di indispensabili misure di controllo. Ulteriori indagini devono essere eseguite al fine di valutare la reale efficacia di trattamenti non convenzionali, considerato che la normativa attualmente in vigore ne consiglia l’uso

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Palmonari, Alberto <1981&gt. « Fermentazioni ruminali e fattori che influenzano le proprietà nutritive dell'erba medica ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2715/1/Alberto_Palmonari_Tesi_dottorato.pdf.

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Palmonari, Alberto <1981&gt. « Fermentazioni ruminali e fattori che influenzano le proprietà nutritive dell'erba medica ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2715/.

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RIBEIRO, VILAS BOAS MARTA SOFIA. « Caratteristiche Fisiche e Chimiche che Influenzano la Digeribilità dell'Amido nei Ruminanti ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/778.

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L’amido è la maggiore fonte di energia per i ruminanti e la sua efficienza di utilizzazione nel tratto gastro-intestinale è importante per soddisfare i fabbisogni energetici dell’animale. La degradabilità dell’amido è misurata da diversi metodi (i.e., metodi in vivo, in situ, in vitro con inoculo ruminale e/o metodi enzimatici) e appare essere influenzata dal tipo di cereale, dai metodi di lavorazione e conservazione degli alimenti, dalla dimensione delle particelle, dal tipo di endosperma, etc.). La tesi è consistita di 4 esperimenti: Esperimento 1) la degradabilità dell’amido di diversi alimenti è stata valutata con un metodi condotto in situ ed il metodo in vitro proposto da Tilley&Terry: entrambi sono stati capaci di differenziare gli alimenti in base alla diversa degradabilità dell’amido. Esperimento 2) Un approccio enzimatico è stato studiato per determinare la quantità di amido degradato. Esperimento 3) Il metodo enzimatico ed il metodo Tilley&Terry sono stati comparati e sono risultati essere ben correlati, evidenziando la possibilità di utilizzare l’approccio enzimatico per studiare i fattori che influenzano la degradabilità dell’amido. Dato che pochi lavori scientifici hanno confrontato la degradabilità dell’amido di granelle e pastoni di mais, nell’Esperimento 4) sono stati raccolti campioni di mais conservati con diverse modalità (i.e., farina di mais, pastoni di granella e pastoni integrali di mais) per verificare quali le caratteristiche chimiche che influenzano la degradabilità dell’amido. I fattori che maggiormente condizionano la valutazione enzimatica della degradabilità dell’amido sono il contenuto in prolamine e l’umidità dei campioni. In conclusione, il metodo enzimatico può essere routinariamente utilizzato dai laboratori commerciali per la rapida valutazione della degradabilità dell’amido negli alimenti destinati all’uso animale.
Starch is the main energy source for ruminants and its efficient utilization in gastro-intestinal tract is important to meet animal energy requirements. The starch degradability is determined by several methods (i.e., in vivo, in situ, in vitro ruminal and/or enzymatic methods) and is affected by type of grain, processing and conservation methods, particle size, type of endosperm, etc.. Four experiments were conducted: Experiment 1) starch degradability of different feeds was evaluated with in-situ and in-vitro Tilley&Terry methods: both are able to differentiate starch degradability among feeds. Experiment 2) An in-vitro enzymatic approach was studied to determine the amount of starch degradation. Experiment 3) Enzymatic and Tilley-Terry methods were compared, resulting well correlated and highlighting the possible application of enzymatic method to investigate the factors affecting starch degradability. Because few works compared the starch degradability of dry-ground and high-moisture corns, in Experiment 4) a data set of different conserved corn samples (i.e., dry, high-moisture and high-moisture-ear corns) was produced and chemical factors affecting starch degradability were studied. The most important factors influencing the enzymatic starch degradability were prolamin and moisture. Concluding, the enzymatic method could be used by commercial laboratories as a routine method for rapid determination of feed starch degradability.

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RIBEIRO, VILAS BOAS MARTA SOFIA. « Caratteristiche Fisiche e Chimiche che Influenzano la Digeribilità dell'Amido nei Ruminanti ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/778.

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Résumé :

L’amido è la maggiore fonte di energia per i ruminanti e la sua efficienza di utilizzazione nel tratto gastro-intestinale è importante per soddisfare i fabbisogni energetici dell’animale. La degradabilità dell’amido è misurata da diversi metodi (i.e., metodi in vivo, in situ, in vitro con inoculo ruminale e/o metodi enzimatici) e appare essere influenzata dal tipo di cereale, dai metodi di lavorazione e conservazione degli alimenti, dalla dimensione delle particelle, dal tipo di endosperma, etc.). La tesi è consistita di 4 esperimenti: Esperimento 1) la degradabilità dell’amido di diversi alimenti è stata valutata con un metodi condotto in situ ed il metodo in vitro proposto da Tilley&Terry: entrambi sono stati capaci di differenziare gli alimenti in base alla diversa degradabilità dell’amido. Esperimento 2) Un approccio enzimatico è stato studiato per determinare la quantità di amido degradato. Esperimento 3) Il metodo enzimatico ed il metodo Tilley&Terry sono stati comparati e sono risultati essere ben correlati, evidenziando la possibilità di utilizzare l’approccio enzimatico per studiare i fattori che influenzano la degradabilità dell’amido. Dato che pochi lavori scientifici hanno confrontato la degradabilità dell’amido di granelle e pastoni di mais, nell’Esperimento 4) sono stati raccolti campioni di mais conservati con diverse modalità (i.e., farina di mais, pastoni di granella e pastoni integrali di mais) per verificare quali le caratteristiche chimiche che influenzano la degradabilità dell’amido. I fattori che maggiormente condizionano la valutazione enzimatica della degradabilità dell’amido sono il contenuto in prolamine e l’umidità dei campioni. In conclusione, il metodo enzimatico può essere routinariamente utilizzato dai laboratori commerciali per la rapida valutazione della degradabilità dell’amido negli alimenti destinati all’uso animale.
Starch is the main energy source for ruminants and its efficient utilization in gastro-intestinal tract is important to meet animal energy requirements. The starch degradability is determined by several methods (i.e., in vivo, in situ, in vitro ruminal and/or enzymatic methods) and is affected by type of grain, processing and conservation methods, particle size, type of endosperm, etc.. Four experiments were conducted: Experiment 1) starch degradability of different feeds was evaluated with in-situ and in-vitro Tilley&Terry methods: both are able to differentiate starch degradability among feeds. Experiment 2) An in-vitro enzymatic approach was studied to determine the amount of starch degradation. Experiment 3) Enzymatic and Tilley-Terry methods were compared, resulting well correlated and highlighting the possible application of enzymatic method to investigate the factors affecting starch degradability. Because few works compared the starch degradability of dry-ground and high-moisture corns, in Experiment 4) a data set of different conserved corn samples (i.e., dry, high-moisture and high-moisture-ear corns) was produced and chemical factors affecting starch degradability were studied. The most important factors influencing the enzymatic starch degradability were prolamin and moisture. Concluding, the enzymatic method could be used by commercial laboratories as a routine method for rapid determination of feed starch degradability.

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GABARRÓ, FERNÁNDEZ ADRIANA. « “INFLUENCE OF SUNFLOWER OIL AND Schizochytrium microalgae ON RUMINAL METHANE AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS OF TOTAL MIXED RATION IN STEERS ». Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/67716.

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La producción ganadera contribuye con alrededor del 18% de metano (CH⁴) y el 9% de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO²) de producción, que se han implicado en causar el cambio climático. El metano, CO², hidrógeno (H²) son los principales gases producidos durante la fermentación ruminal, lo que provoca una pérdida de 2 a 12% de la energía de la dieta de los rumiantes (Johnson y Johnson, 1995). Mejorar la utilización de piensos y el rendimiento animal es el principal objetivo de los nutricionistas; Sin embargo, deben considerarse las obligaciones sociales y ambientales para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). Se han utilizado estrategias nutricionales incluyendo levadura (Elghandour et al., 2017), sal de ácidos orgánicos (Elghandour et al., 2016), enzimas exógenas y aceites esenciales para controlar la producción de metano ruminal de los rumiantes (Kholif et al., 2017B).

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Kingston, Rosemary Emeline Fluellen. « Why do people worry and ruminate ? : investigating factors that maintain repetitive negative thought ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14246.

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The overarching aim of this research was to understand factors implicated in the maintenance of rumination and worry, conceptualised as a transdiagnostic process of repetitive negative thought (RNT), through the use of cross-sectional, prospective, and experimental research designs. Rumination and worry have been repeatedly implicated in the development and maintenance of various forms of psychopathology, in particular, depression and anxiety disorders. Given the negative outcomes for mood and psychopathology, there is a need for a better understanding of vulnerability factors that maintain this unconstructive thinking. Based on a review of the literature, an integrative theoretical model was developed and tested using structural equation modelling. Using cross-sectional data, the model was tested in a large sample of adults (n = 506). Of the broad range of proximal and distal vulnerability factors examined, only neuroticism and beliefs about the function of repetitive thought remained significantly associated with RNT once current symptoms were statistically controlled. Emotional abuse and abstract processing were indirectly associated with RNT. Following on from this, a prospective study examined which of these vulnerability factors prospectively predicted change in RNT over six to eight weeks. Only neuroticism and the specific belief that repetitive thought aids instrumental understanding predicted change in RNT, after controlling for depression and anxiety symptoms. Next, two experimental studies were conducted to explore the causal relationship between RNT and the belief that RNT aids insight and understanding, by experimentally manipulating this appraisal and measuring the impact on state RNT. Whilst methodological issues with the first experimental study precluded clear conclusions being drawn about the nature of the relationship, the second experimental study demonstrated that participants manipulated to believe that RNT is helpful for increasing insight and understanding had greater levels of state RNT after exposure to a stressor, relative to participants manipulated to believe that RNT is unhelpful. Finally, in order to see whether rumination has any consequences that may potentially reinforce its further use, an experimental study was conducted to manipulate processing mode (abstract rumination versus concrete thinking) and examine the effect on a range of outcomes relating to insightfulness and avoidance. Whilst rumination did not lead to increased insight, it did afford more justification for avoidance, relative to concrete thinking. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed with respect to existing theories of repetitive negative thought.

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Jaimes, Pomalaya Katherine Joan. « Estilo de pensamiento rumiativo y rasgos de personalidad en jóvenes universitarios de Lima ». Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/4698.

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La presente investigación estudia las relaciones existentes entre estilo rumiativo y rasgos de personalidad desde el modelo de los cinco factores en un grupo de 77 estudiantes de ingeniería civil y electrónica de una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana, cuyas edades oscilan entre 16 y 27 años. Para ello, se empleó el Inventario de Personalidad NEO PI-R forma S y la Escala de Respuestas Rumiativas. Los resultados evidenciaron correlaciones positivas entre la dimensión neuroticismo y todas sus facetas con el estilo rumiativo y sus componentes: reflexión y reproches, mientras que la dimensión conciencia y algunas facetas de otros dominios presentaron correlaciones inversas con la rumiación y con alguno de sus dos factores. Asimismo, se encontraron diferencias a partir de variables sociodemográficas como edad presentando el grupo más joven una mayor tendencia a un estilo rumiativo y niveles altos de neuroticismo. Sin embargo, solo se reportaron diferencias según sexo para la escala de personalidad, las cuales plantean un mayor nivel de neuroticismo en mujeres a diferencia de los hombres.
The present investigation studies the relationship between ruminative style and personality traits from the Five Factor Model on a group of 77 students of civil and electronics engineering of a Private University of Lima, whose ages range between 16 and 27 years. For this, we used the NEO Personality Inventory PI-R Form S and The Ruminative Responses Scale. The findings suggested the positive correlations between neuroticism dimension and all its facets with ruminative style and its components: reflection and brooding, while the dimension of consciousness and some other domain facets presented inverse correlations with rumination and one of its two factors. Additionally, differences were reported from sociodemographic variables such as age presenting the younger group more tendency to ruminative style and high levels of neuroticism. However, only the gender differences were reported for personality scale, which poses a higher level of neuroticism in women as opposed to men.
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Mach, Casellas Núria. « Management and feeding strategies in young Holstein bulls fed high-concentrate diets ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5707.

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En la present tesis s'han estudiat estratègies per incrementar l'eficiència de la producció intensiva de vedells mitjançant pràctiques de maneig i d'alimentació.
La primera estratègia plantejada per augmentar l'eficiència de la producció intensiva de vedells ha estat la millora de la qualitat de la canal i la carn. Per aquesta raó, es va desenvolupar un estudi per avaluar els efectes de diferents factors pre-sacrifici sobre la incidència de carns amb pH alt o canals amb danys tissulars extrems, i per aconseguir propostes i decisions tècniques de maneig per disminuir la incidència de carns amb pH alt o canals amb danys tissulars extrems. Desafortunadament, l'objectiu per se no es va assolir perquè la variablititat del pH últim de la carn i la incidència de canals amb dany tissular extrem explicada per aquests factors va ser molt baixa. Conseqüentment, la indústria càrnia ha d'acceptar com a "normal" un percentatge de canals amb pH elevat (per sobre 13%) i/o presència de dany tissular extrem (per sobre 2%). La castració pre-pubertal-l de vedells Holstein (8 mesos d'edat) mitjançant Burdizzo també s'ha estudiat com a pràctica de maneig per millorar la qualitat de la canal i la carn. De fet, els resultats d'aquest estudi demostren que la castració millora la classificació d'engreixament de la canal, el contingut de greix intramuscular, el valor dels paràmetres colorimètrics, i la tendresa. A més a més, l'assoliment d'una tendresa òptima en els animals castrats sense pràcticament temps de maduració, representa una avantatge competitiva en la indústria espanyola de la carn. No obstant, la castració mitjançant el mètode Burdizzo pot fallar en un 23% dels casos, i reduir el guany de pes total durant la fase d'acabat. A més a més, la castració il·lustra la delicada situació relacionada amb temes de benestar animal i pràctiques de maneig a la granja, per tant, més investigació relacionada amb els efectes de la castració sobre el dolor crònic i agut i l'estrès és necessària per assegurar que és una bona estratègia per augmentar la qualitat de la carn i la canal de vedells Holstein. Finalment, la suplementació en les dietes dels vedells amb ingredients rics en omega-3 també s'ha proposat com a estratègia per augmentar la qualitat de la canal i la carn. Efectivament, la suplementació a les dietes amb llavor de lli per sobre el 12% en el total de matèria seca ingerida, augmenta la qualitat de la carn, i a més converteix la carn en un producte funcional (carn enriquida amb omega-3), sense afectar la producció animal i la fermentació ruminal. La oportunitat d'expansió en el mercat sembla favorable i l'interès dels consumidors és elevat, però la difusió d'aquest productes necessita de la superació de la legislació per a la certificació, així com el preu elevat de les llavors de lli i la seva disponibilitat.
La segona alternativa plantejada per augmentar l'eficiència de la producció intensiva de vedells ha estat la reducció dels costos d'alimentació a través de la utilització de sub-productes de la indústria. Per aquesta raó, s'ha proposat estudiar els efectes de l'inclusió de glicerina per sobre el 12% en el total de matèria seca ingerida, com a ingredient energètic alternatiu als cereals. Amb èxit, la inclusió de glicerina com a ingredient energètic no ha afectat negativament els índexs de producció animal, la fermentació ruminal, el metabolisme, i els paràmetres de qualitat de la canal i la carn. No obstant, avui en dia, la reducció dels costos d'alimentació a través de la inclusió de glicerina pot no ser una bona estratègia degut al seu alt cost en relació als altres ingredients.
En resum, la present tesis no només ha proporcionat resultats sobre diferents estratègies de maneig i alimentació que milloren la eficiència de producció intensiva, sinó també informació sobre les seves limitacions i inconvenients.
In the present thesis, strategies to increase efficiency in intensive beef production focused mainly on feeding and management practices have been studied.
The first strategy proposed to increase the efficiency of intensive beef production has been the improvement of carcass and meat quality. Indeed, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different pre-slaughter factors on the incidence of high ultimate pH and extreme carcass bruises, and to make proposals pertaining to management, technical, or economic decisions, which could lead to improvements on the high incidence of high ultimate meat pH and the extreme carcass bruises observed in intensive beef production systems. Unfortunately the objective per se was not achieved because the variability of ultimate meat pH and carcass bruises explained by these factors was very low. In consequence, the percentage of beef carcasses with high ultimate meat pH (up to 13%) and extreme bruises (up to 2%) needs to be accepted as "normal" by the current beef industry. Burdizzo castration of pre-pubertal (8 months of age) Holstein bulls has also been studied as an animal management practice, in order to improve carcass and meat quality. For instance, results from this study stated that castration improves the grade of backfat classification, the intramuscular fat content, colorimetric parameters, and tenderness. Furthermore, as the optimal tenderness might be achieved in castrated animals without a long ageing period, it represents a good competitive advantage for the Spanish beef industry. However, Burdizzo castration might fail in 23% of the cases, and might reduce the total weight gain during the finishing phase. Additionally, the practice of castration illustrates the delicate balance between animal welfare and some management practices on the farm. Therefore, further research (specially in acute and chronic pain and stress) will be necessary to ensure that castration is a good method of improving the meat quality in Holstein bulls. Finally, the supplementation of specific omega-3 rich-ingredients in the ruminant diets has also been proposed as a strategy to increase the carcass and meat quality. Effectively, the supplementation of whole linseed of up to 12% of total dry matter intake, enhances meat quality, and additionally converts meat into functional food (meat rich in omega-3), without affecting animal performance and rumen fermentation. The opportunities for expansion of the market seem to be quite favourable and the interest of the consumers is quite high, but the diffusion of these products in the community area is slowed down by some obstacles, including certification, the prices of whole linseed, and its availability.
The second strategy proposed to increase the efficiency of intensive beef production has been the reduction of feeding cost through the use of industrial by-products. Indeed, the study of the effect of the inclusion of crude glycerin up to 10% of total dry matter intake, as an alternative energy source, to substitute cereals in the diet, has been proposed. Fortunately, the inclusion of crude glycerin of up to 12.1%, does not incur any negative effects in performance, ruminal fermentation, metabolism, animal health, or carcass and meat quality parameters. However, today the reduction of feeding cost through the inclusion of crude glycerin may not be a feasible strategy as a result of the high price of crude glycerin in relation to other concentrate ingredients.
In summary, the present thesis not only provides the results of different feeding and management strategies to improve intensive beef production efficiency, but also highlights concerns about their constrains and limitations.

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Vera, Juan Manuel. « Assessments of an Exogenous Proteolytic Enzyme in Beef Steer Diets to Improve Growth Performance and Ruminal fermentation ». DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1351.

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A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of adding an exogenous proteolytic enzyme (EPE) on the growth performance of beef steers fed growing and finishing diets containing 30% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS; Exp. 1), and results corroborated by in vitro ruminal fermentation in continuous cultures (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, 48 group-penned Angus crossbred steers were randomly assigned to 2 treatments (n = 6) in a completely randomized design: DDGS TMR (DT) without and with EPE (27 mg of azocasein hydrolyzed/min/kg DM TMR). The addition of EPE during the growing phase increased DMI (P = 0.02), but had no effects on final BW, BW change, ADG, and G:F. Adding EPE during the growing phase decreased NDF digestibility, whereas the digestibility of DM, CP, and ADF were not affected. There was a tendency for both ADG (P = 0.09) and final BW (P = 0.11) to increase during the finishing phase without affecting BW change and G:F. As opposed to the growing phase, EPE increased digestibility (P < 0.04) of DM, CP, NDF, and ADF. In Exp. 2, 4 dietary treatments were assessed in continuous cultures; non-DDGS TMR (NDT) or DT finishing beef steer diet was combined without or with EPE in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The DT was the same diet used as the finishing diet in Exp. 1, and dose rate of EPE was the same as Exp. 1. Feeding the DT increased total VFA concentration (P = 0.01) which corresponded with a decreased (P < 0.01) pH compared with the NDT diet (5.8 vs. 6.0) regardless of EPE supplementation. Supplementing EPE tended to increase (P = 0.07) the total VFA concentration in both diets, but only increased digestibility of DM, OM, and NDF when added to the DT diet (P < 0.05), leading to tendencies on TMR × enzyme interaction (P < 0.10). Addition of the EPE product assessed in this study resulted in positive responses in Exp. 1 and 2 when added to finishing beef steer diets, and thus it is clear that use of protease enzyme products may be more effective in high concentrate diets such as finishing beef steer diets containing DDGS.

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Villa, Torres Ingrid Georgina. « Estilo de pensamiento rumiativo y bienestar subjetivo en escolares de quinto año de secundaria ». Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6528.

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El estilo de pensamiento rumiativo constituye un proceso cognitivo repetitivo e improductivo. Diversas investigaciones han mostrado de manera sistemática sus consecuencias negativas en el bienestar emocional. La presente investigación tiene como propósito explorar la relación existente entre un estilo de pensamiento rumiativo y el bienestar subjetivo en un grupo de escolares de Quinto año de secundaria del distrito de La Molina. Asimismo, se indagaron las posibles diferencias según sexo entre estas dos variables psicológicas. Para ello, se contó con una muestra de 317 alumnos pertenecientes a tres colegios (un público y dos privados) cuyas edades estuvieron comprendidas entre 14 y 17 años de edad (M=15,80, D.E = 0.51). Se utilizó la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida SWL (Diener, Emmoms, Larsern & Griffin, 1985) y la Escala de Afectos Positivos y Negativos PANAS (Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988), las cuales miden el Bienestar Subjetivo y finalmente la Escala de Respuestas Rumiativas RRS (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow , 1991) para medir los niveles de rumiación. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que un estilo de pensamiento rumiativo se relaciona con un menor nivel de Bienestar Subjetivo en los adolescentes. De igual manera, se encontraron diferencias significativas según el sexo presentando el grupo femenino mayores niveles de rumiación y emociones negativas.
The rumination is a repetitive and unproductive cognitive processes. Different studies have shown their negative impact on emotional wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between ruminative style and subjective well-being in a group of students from fifth grade of high school in the district of La Molina. Furthermore, the differences were investigated by sex between these two psychological variables. For this aim, the simple was composed by 317 students from three schools (one public and two private) with ages between 14 and 17 years old (M = 15.80, SD = 0.51). The Satisfaction of life Scale (Diener, Emmoms, Larsern & Griffin, 1985) was used, as well as The Positive and Negative Affect Scale PANAS (Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988), which measure Subjective Well-Being and finally The Ruminative Responses Scale RRS (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991) to measure levels of rumination. The results show that rumination is associated with a lower level of Subjective Well-being in adolescents. Moreover, significant differences were reported by gender presenting the women group high levels of rumination and negative emotions.
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Steinkühler, Jan [Verfasser], Rumiana [Akademischer Betreuer] Dimova, Peter [Gutachter] Hildebrandt et Dennis [Gutachter] Discher. « Partitioning of membrane components in adhering vesicles / Jan Steinkühler ; Gutachter : Peter Hildebrandt, Dennis Discher ; Betreuer : Rumiana Dimova ». Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1156012902/34.

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SABATINI, ANDREA. « STUDIO DEGLI EFFETTI TOSSICI INDOTTI DALL'ESPOSIZIONE CRONICA A MICOTOSSINE IN RUMINANTI, MEDIANTE METODI DI ACCERTAMENTO IN VIVO ED EX VIVO ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/321.

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Questa tesi descrive lo stato delle conoscenze degli effetti tossici da micotossine su animali d allevamento, ed alcuni esperimenti condotti per valutare gli effetti indotti da esposizione cronica da micotossine sui ruminanti. Uno studio è stato condotto su 15 aziende specializzate in sistemi di produzione intensiva di carni bovine, situate nel Nord Italia (province di Verona e Mantova), con l'obiettivo di individuare i rischi d esposizione a contaminazione da micotossine. Alcuni metodi di laboratorio sono stati sviluppati: un metodo per la determinazione di ocratossina A (OTA) accumulata in tessuti e organi; Un metodo per valutare gli effetti delle fumonisine sulla biosintesi delle basi sfingoidi sfingosina (So) e sfinganina (Sa); Un metodo per rilevare l addotto AFB1-albumina. La razione totale mescolata (TMR) è risultata positiva alla AF e FB. Tra i singoli alimenti, il mais e la semola glutinata di mais sono stati i principali responsabili della contaminazione del TMR. Il livello di contaminazione è positivamente correlato al contenuto di umidità di mais. Il metodo per la determinazione dell OTA nei tessuti ed organi ha mostrato un buon recupero medio. L'analisi del rapporto Sa/So nel sangue non ha mostrato alcun effetto negativo delle fumonisine sulla biosintesi lipidica. L'addotto AFB1-albumina è risultato positivo per il 18% dei campioni totali di sangue.
The thesis describes the state of knowledge about toxic effects of mycotoxins on farm animals, and some experiments conducted to assess effects induced by chronic exposure to mycotoxins on ruminants. A field study for was carried out on 15 farms specialised for intensive beef production system, located in Northern Italy (provinces of Verona and Mantova), with the aim to identify risks of exposure to mycotoxins contamination. Some laboratory methods were performed: a method for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) concentration in tissues and organs; a method for evaluating the effects of fumonisin on biosynthesis of the two sphingoid bases sfingosine (So) and sphinganine (Sa); a method to detect the AFB1-albumin adduct. Total mixed rations (TMR) resulted positive for AF and FB contamination. Among single feedstuffs, corn and corn gluten feed were the main responsible for TMR contamination. Level of contamination was positively related to corn moisture content. The method for the determination of OTA in tissue and organ showed a good mean recovery. The analysis of ration Sa/So in blood did not show any negative effect by fumonisin on the lipidic biosynthesis. The AFB1-albumin adduct was positive on 18% of total blood samples.

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SABATINI, ANDREA. « STUDIO DEGLI EFFETTI TOSSICI INDOTTI DALL'ESPOSIZIONE CRONICA A MICOTOSSINE IN RUMINANTI, MEDIANTE METODI DI ACCERTAMENTO IN VIVO ED EX VIVO ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/321.

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Questa tesi descrive lo stato delle conoscenze degli effetti tossici da micotossine su animali d allevamento, ed alcuni esperimenti condotti per valutare gli effetti indotti da esposizione cronica da micotossine sui ruminanti. Uno studio è stato condotto su 15 aziende specializzate in sistemi di produzione intensiva di carni bovine, situate nel Nord Italia (province di Verona e Mantova), con l'obiettivo di individuare i rischi d esposizione a contaminazione da micotossine. Alcuni metodi di laboratorio sono stati sviluppati: un metodo per la determinazione di ocratossina A (OTA) accumulata in tessuti e organi; Un metodo per valutare gli effetti delle fumonisine sulla biosintesi delle basi sfingoidi sfingosina (So) e sfinganina (Sa); Un metodo per rilevare l addotto AFB1-albumina. La razione totale mescolata (TMR) è risultata positiva alla AF e FB. Tra i singoli alimenti, il mais e la semola glutinata di mais sono stati i principali responsabili della contaminazione del TMR. Il livello di contaminazione è positivamente correlato al contenuto di umidità di mais. Il metodo per la determinazione dell OTA nei tessuti ed organi ha mostrato un buon recupero medio. L'analisi del rapporto Sa/So nel sangue non ha mostrato alcun effetto negativo delle fumonisine sulla biosintesi lipidica. L'addotto AFB1-albumina è risultato positivo per il 18% dei campioni totali di sangue.
The thesis describes the state of knowledge about toxic effects of mycotoxins on farm animals, and some experiments conducted to assess effects induced by chronic exposure to mycotoxins on ruminants. A field study for was carried out on 15 farms specialised for intensive beef production system, located in Northern Italy (provinces of Verona and Mantova), with the aim to identify risks of exposure to mycotoxins contamination. Some laboratory methods were performed: a method for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) concentration in tissues and organs; a method for evaluating the effects of fumonisin on biosynthesis of the two sphingoid bases sfingosine (So) and sphinganine (Sa); a method to detect the AFB1-albumin adduct. Total mixed rations (TMR) resulted positive for AF and FB contamination. Among single feedstuffs, corn and corn gluten feed were the main responsible for TMR contamination. Level of contamination was positively related to corn moisture content. The method for the determination of OTA in tissue and organ showed a good mean recovery. The analysis of ration Sa/So in blood did not show any negative effect by fumonisin on the lipidic biosynthesis. The AFB1-albumin adduct was positive on 18% of total blood samples.

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Vega, García Jesús Israel. « Determinación de la digestibilidad in vitro de pajas mediante dos métodos : incubación con líquido rumian y digestibilidad enzimática201 ». Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/49813.

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La producción de leche en México se realiza mediante tres sistemas: gran escala, tropical y en pequeña escala. En este último sistema se encuentran los “sistemas campesinos de producción láctea”; la investigación en los Sistemas de Producción de Leche en Pequeña Escala (SPLPE) es muy importante ya que por medio de esta se pueden diseñar y evaluar estrategias de alimentación que lleven a la sustentabilidad de los mismos. Junto con las praderas, los concentrados comerciales y los ensilados; el uso de pajas y rastrojos es común en estos sistemas de producción. Con el objetivo de establecer el mejor método para la determinación de la digestibilidad y la determinación de la composición química de cinco pajas de mayor uso en los sistemas de producción de leche en pequeña escala del noroeste del Estado de México que permitirá hacer más eficientes los procesos de laboratorio, a la vez de proporcionar información sobre el valor nutritivo y la variación inherente en estos forrajes toscos, para su mejor aprovechamiento en la alimentación de rumiantes; en este ensayo se compararon dos técnicas in vitro (con líquido ruminal y enzimática), para evaluar los valores de digestibilidad de 59 muestras de pajas utilizadas en sistemas de producción de leche en pequeña escala en el noroeste del Estado de México; de estas 12 son paja de Avena, 14 de Cebada, 14 de Maíz (rastrojo o zacate), 11 de Trigo y 8 de Sorgo. Además se realizaron pruebas para determinar Proteína, Fibras (FDA y FDN) y Cenizas de las mismas para tener un parámetro mayor a la hora de compararlas. Los resultados muestran una correlación positiva entre la técnica de Incubación con Líquido Ruminal y la técnica de Digestibilidad Enzimática (P>0.05), por lo que se concluye que no existen diferencias significativas en cuanto a la comparación de ambas técnicas: el promedio obtenido de digestión en la técnica de incubación con líquido ruminal fue de 515 g/kg MS en contraste de la técnica de digestibilidad enzimática en donde el resultado fue de 520 g/kg MS. Evaluándolas independientemente se observó que la técnica de digestibilidad con líquido ruminal, la paja o rastrojo de maíz es la más digestible (536 g/kg MS) y en su contra parte se encuentra la paja de trigo con sólo 411 g/kg MS; las pajas de avena, cebada y sorgo obtuvieron valores de 531, 535 y 516 g/kg MS respectivamente. En la técnica de digestibilidad enzimática de igual forma la paja de maíz fue superior con 560 g/kg MS de digestibilidad; la paja de trigo obtuvo la menor con 478 g/kg MS y al mismo tiempo las pajas de avena, cebada y sorgo obtuvieron valores de 528, 510 y 524 g/kg MS respectivamente. Estos datos indican que en cuanto a digestibilidad, salvo la paja de trigo, en todas se han superado los 500 g/kg MS por lo que el forraje no se consideraría de baja calidad. Con estos resultados se pudo calcular la energía metabolizable de los forrajes evaluados obteniendo valores que van de 6.3 a 8.1 MJ/kg MS en la digestibilidad con líquido ruminal y valores de 8.0 a 8.4 MJ/kg MS en la digestibilidad enzimática. En cuanto a la composición química los mayores valores de proteína cruda fueron para la paja de avena con 44.7 g/kg MS y los más bajos para la paja de trigo con 36.5 g/kg MS; en cuanto al contenido de FDN, ninguna paja rebasó los 650 g/kg MS, que se considera el límite para que el forraje sea de mala calidad en este componente. El contenido de FDA varió entre 359 g/kg MS a 454 g/kg MS. A partir del análisis de las ventajas y desventajas de cada una de las técnicas (y ya que no presentaron diferencias significativas en su comparación con pajas y rastrojos) in vitro empleadas para medir la digestibilidad de los alimentos utilizados para la alimentación de rumiantes se concluye que en estos forrajes se puede establecer la técnica de digestibilidad enzimática de la materia orgánica como método de rutina en el Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México.

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Talavera, Forcades Sandra. « El gènere Culicoides a la Península Ibèrica : estudi de la biologia de potencials vectors dels virus de la Llengua Blava i Schmallenberg ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384530.

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Al voltant d‘unes 1.400 espècies del gènere Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) s’han descrit a nivell mundial, algunes de les quals són conegudes com a transmissores de protozous, filàries i virus que poden afectar tant a humans com a animals domèstics i/o salvatges. El virus de la Llengua Blava i el recent descobert virus Schmallenberg són responsables de malalties infeccioses no contagioses, detectades en remugants domèstics i salvatges, transmeses per espècies del gènere Culicoides. Al llarg d’aquesta tesi doctoral podem diferenciar dos eixos de recerca que ens permeten millorar en el coneixement de la epidemiologia de les malalties de la Llengua Blava (LB) i Schmallenberg (SB). El primer eix de recerca proporciona una millora en el coneixement de la diversitat, morfologia i distribució de les espècies de Culicoides a la Península Ibèrica. Les dades obtingudes a través de la morfologia i la seqüenciació del ADN ens han permès detectar la presència de 26 espècies no identificades prèviament a l’àrea d’estudi. En aquesta àrea dues zones ecològiques s’han pogut diferenciar, la zona del nord amb espècies amb distribució típica del nord paleàritc europeu, i la zona del sud amb espècies amb una distribució típica del sud paleàrtic. Un anàlisi concís de les característiques morfològiques i les seqüències d’ADN es va realitzar als individus pertanyents als grups Pulicaris i Punctatus. Els resultats obtinguts revelen la presència de dues noves espècies dins el subgènere Culicoides: C. cryptipulicaris i C. quasipulicaris, ambues espècies es troben estretament relacionades filogenèticament a altres espècies de Culicoides que actuen com a vectors de malalties a Europa. El segon eix de recerca està dirigit a caracteritzar les comunitats de Culcioides presents a diverses àrees naturals habitades per diferents espècies de remugants salvatges localitzades al llarg de la Península Ibèrica. Els resultats mostren que a escala local, la presència de les principals espècies vectores dels virus de la LB i SB en les àrees de remugants salvatges coincideix amb la de les granges sentinella properes. Les dades suggereixen que aquestes espècies podrien tenir un paper destacat com a vectors pont de diferents patògens entre remugants domèstics i salvatges. Els resultats donarien suport a la hipòtesi de que els remugants salvatges podrien actuar com a reservori de la LB i SB, i posteriorment estar involucrats en la reintroducció d’aquestes malalties a les granges de remugants domèstics. En aquest context, és essencial el coneixement precís dels hàbits alimentaris de les comunitats de Culicoides en contacte amb remugants salvatges.
Around 1,400 species of biting midges of the genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), have been described in the world, some of these are well known transmitters of protozoa, filarial worms and viruses that affect humans and domestic and/or wild animals. The Bluetongue virus (BTV) and the recently emerged Schmallenberg virus (SBV) are responsible of important infectious, non-contagious, insect-borne viral diseases found in domestic and wild ruminants and transmitted by Culicoides spp. Two research axes are distinguished in the doctoral thesis to improve our comprehension on the epidemiology of Bluetongue (BT) and Schmallenberg (SB) diseases. The first research axe provides an improvement on the knowledge of the diversity, morphology and distribution of Culicoides species in the Iberian Peninsula. Data derived from morphology and sequencing allowed to detect the presence of 26 species not recorded previously in the surveillance area. Two eco-zones were detected in the region; the northern had species with typical northern Palaearctic European distribution whereas the southern one had species with typical southern Palaearctic distribution. A concise analysis of morphological traits and DNA sequencing was performed on specimens of the Pulicaris and Punctatus groups. Results revealed the presence of two new species in the subgenus Culicoides: C. cryptipulicaris and C. quasipulicaris, both species phylogenetically closely related to other Culicoides acting as diseases-vectors in Europe. The second research axe aimed at characterizing Culicoides midge communities in natural ecosystems inhabited by different wild ruminants along the Iberian Peninsula. The results showed that at a local scale, the presence of major BTV and SBV vector species in areas with wild ruminants was coincident with that of the nearest sentinel farms. Data suggested certain species could play a prominent role as bridge vectors for different pathogens between wild and domestic ruminants. Results support the hypothesis that wild ruminants act as reservoir for BT and SB, and could eventually be involved in the reintroduction of such diseases into livestock farms. In this context, it is essential to define precisely the bloodfeeding behaviour of Culicoides communities in contact with wild ruminants.

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Galvez, Piedra Ana Paula, et Lecca Carla Isabel Acuña. « Estilos de pensamiento rumiativo en vendedores de abarrotes y bebidas de una distribuidora de la ciudad de Chiclayo, agosto a diciembre 2016 ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2018. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/1171.

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El pensamiento rumiativo es el pensamiento recurrente enfocado en las emociones y sensaciones generadas por un acontecimiento específico, causando un malestar psicológico en las personas quienes lo padecen. La investigación se realizó para determinar el estilo de pensamiento rumiativo en 84 vendedores de abarrotes y bebidas de una distribuidora de consumo masivo de la ciudad de Chiclayo. Así mismo, se identificó el estilo de pensamiento rumiativo en vendedores según producto comercializado, sexo, edad, hijos y estado civil. Se administró la Escala de Respuestas Rumiativas (ERR) de Nolen Hoekseman, Morrow y Fredrickson validada por las autoras, en una población similar a la de este estudio en la ciudad de Chiclayo, obteniendo una validez que fluctúa entre 0,50 y 0,74 y una confiabilidad de 0,88. El estudio fue de diseño no experimental y de tipo descriptiva. En cuanto a los resultados se evidenció que el estilo reproches y el estilo reflexivo mostraron similitud en promedios en la población estudiada, lo que explica el efecto de compensación entre ambos estilos de pensamiento rumiativo.
Tesis

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Licona, Velázquez Gustavo. « VALIDACIÓN DE SENSORES HOBO PARA EVALUAR EL TIEMPO EFECTIVO DE PASTOREO Y TIEMPO DE RUMIA EN VACAS LECHERAS ». Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/94400.

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La leche de bovino es considerada uno de los alimentos más completos, debido a su contenido de nutrientes, considerándose a nivel mundial como un alimento ideal y necesario dentro de la dieta de los humanos, por esta razón es que la ganadería bovina en nuestro país sea considerada como prioridad dentro de los programas de fomento que tienen por objeto incentivar su producción (Gallardo et al., 2004). En México los factores principales que en el presente han impedido el éxito en el desarrollo de la producción lechera, es el manejo de la alimentación, reproducción, baja genética de los animales e inadecuados programas sanitarios para el control de enfermedades. Por lo que es necesario introducir nuevas técnicas y sistemas de manejo en la explotación lechera, para obtener una mejor producción (Ortiz et al., 2005). Tomando en cuenta uno de los factores importantes en la producción de la leche bovina como lo es la alimentación; Peyraud y Delagarde (2013) informan que el pastoreo es la fuente de alimentación con nutrientes disponibles más barata aparte de ser un componente fundamental en la dieta de los sistemas lecheros del mundo.

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MINUTI, ANDREA. « Studio dei processi digestivi nei ruminanti e negli erbivori monogastrici in relazione ai rischi di turbe digestive e ad anomalie degli indici ematici di stati infiammatori ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/270.

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Per studiare le ripercussioni metaboliche e produttive di alterazioni della funzionalità del digerente sono state condotte tre sperimentazioni. Nella prima sono state controllate le condizioni di acidosi ruminale in bovine di allevamenti commerciali: in essi non si sono riscontrati valori di ph capaci di indurre seri effetti negativi a livello digestivo-metabolico, ma certamente a rischio. In tali condizioni, i più bassi valori di ph ruminali sarebbero soprattutto indice di una maggiore ingestione di alimenti, favorita anche da migliori condizioni generali di salute delle bovine. Nella seconda sperimentazione, l'applicazione di stress acuti a bovine in lattazione ha prodotto un rallentamento nel transito ruminale, soprattutto in animali in lattazione avanzata, confermando la possibilità che lo stress acuto rappresenti un fattore di rischio per anomalie digestivo/fermentative. Nella terza prova, relativa alla funzionalità del grosso intestino di conigli esposti a diete con diversi livelli di amido, performance produttive leggermente più favorevoli si sono registrate con la dieta più alta in fibra digeribile. A fronte di analoghe caratteristiche del digerente tra le tesi, alcuni parametri ematici ,soprattutto con riferimento allo status ossidativo, hanno permesso di porre in evidenza un quadro metabolico più favorevole associato all'uso di diete meno amidacee. Quindi, alterazioni dei processi fermentativi, possono avere conseguenze sul livello produttivo e sullo stato di salute dell'animale. Per una migliore interpretazione dei dati della funzionalità del digerente appare utile il supporto di taluni parametri ematici.
Three experiments were carried out to study the metabolic and productive effects of some changes of the digestive functionality. In the first experiment, the degree of ruminal acidosis was controlled on dairy cows from commercial farms: the low observed ph values were indices of risks but not so low to have serious adverse effects at digestive-metabolic level. However in these circumstances, the lower ph would be especially indices of a greater feed intake, in turn favoured by a better general animal health. In the second experiment, the application of acute stress to lactating cows showed digesta rumen passage rate of digesta, especially in late lactation, confirming the possibility that the acute stress could be a risk factor for digestive abnormalities. In the third one, on the large intestine functionality of rabbits exposed to diets with different levels of starch, some slightly better performances were obtained with the diet richer in digestible fibre. Though main digestive traits were unaffected by treatments, some blood parameters, particularly those linked to the oxidative status, revealed a more favourable metabolic situation associated with the use of less starchy diets. Hence, alteration of the fermentative processes may impair animal production and/or the animal health conditions. For a better interpretation of the parameters of the digestive system functionality the support of some specific blood parameters appears useful.

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MINUTI, ANDREA. « Studio dei processi digestivi nei ruminanti e negli erbivori monogastrici in relazione ai rischi di turbe digestive e ad anomalie degli indici ematici di stati infiammatori ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/270.

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Per studiare le ripercussioni metaboliche e produttive di alterazioni della funzionalità del digerente sono state condotte tre sperimentazioni. Nella prima sono state controllate le condizioni di acidosi ruminale in bovine di allevamenti commerciali: in essi non si sono riscontrati valori di ph capaci di indurre seri effetti negativi a livello digestivo-metabolico, ma certamente a rischio. In tali condizioni, i più bassi valori di ph ruminali sarebbero soprattutto indice di una maggiore ingestione di alimenti, favorita anche da migliori condizioni generali di salute delle bovine. Nella seconda sperimentazione, l'applicazione di stress acuti a bovine in lattazione ha prodotto un rallentamento nel transito ruminale, soprattutto in animali in lattazione avanzata, confermando la possibilità che lo stress acuto rappresenti un fattore di rischio per anomalie digestivo/fermentative. Nella terza prova, relativa alla funzionalità del grosso intestino di conigli esposti a diete con diversi livelli di amido, performance produttive leggermente più favorevoli si sono registrate con la dieta più alta in fibra digeribile. A fronte di analoghe caratteristiche del digerente tra le tesi, alcuni parametri ematici ,soprattutto con riferimento allo status ossidativo, hanno permesso di porre in evidenza un quadro metabolico più favorevole associato all'uso di diete meno amidacee. Quindi, alterazioni dei processi fermentativi, possono avere conseguenze sul livello produttivo e sullo stato di salute dell'animale. Per una migliore interpretazione dei dati della funzionalità del digerente appare utile il supporto di taluni parametri ematici.
Three experiments were carried out to study the metabolic and productive effects of some changes of the digestive functionality. In the first experiment, the degree of ruminal acidosis was controlled on dairy cows from commercial farms: the low observed ph values were indices of risks but not so low to have serious adverse effects at digestive-metabolic level. However in these circumstances, the lower ph would be especially indices of a greater feed intake, in turn favoured by a better general animal health. In the second experiment, the application of acute stress to lactating cows showed digesta rumen passage rate of digesta, especially in late lactation, confirming the possibility that the acute stress could be a risk factor for digestive abnormalities. In the third one, on the large intestine functionality of rabbits exposed to diets with different levels of starch, some slightly better performances were obtained with the diet richer in digestible fibre. Though main digestive traits were unaffected by treatments, some blood parameters, particularly those linked to the oxidative status, revealed a more favourable metabolic situation associated with the use of less starchy diets. Hence, alteration of the fermentative processes may impair animal production and/or the animal health conditions. For a better interpretation of the parameters of the digestive system functionality the support of some specific blood parameters appears useful.

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Sandström, Anton. « Virtuella möten i skogen : Ett verktyg för att underlätta Gällö skogs möten i skogen genom 3D-konferens ». Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34049.

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Within Gällö skog there is an increasing need for meetings in the forest at a distance. This is because many landowners do not live at or close to their forest property. The aim of this work was therefore to find a 3D conference solution for Gällö skog. The work has been carried out using the design process and Pugh's relative decision matrix. First, a requirement specification was made for both hardware and software selection. Then the Facebook Spaces, Rumii and AltSpaceVR software were investigated against this. When none of the aforementioned software was sufficiently satisfactory for this work, it was decided to develop a software. The developed software is based on a website and was developed by modifying an existing project from github.com. Through the modification made in the project, all requirements in the specification could ultimately be achieved. However, with some restrictions. The software works best in the Mozilla Firefox browser, and is not compatible with the iPhone. The user friendliness of Gällö skog also has development potential. The hardware in this work was chosen by comparing the VR glasses HTC Vive and Oculus Rift against each other and the developed requirement specification. As a result, HTC Vive was bought for the project. This because it fulfilled most of the work requirements, and that it had other features that enabled the headset to be used in future work. Finally, The conclusion of this work was that until this technology has come further, this solution may be insufficient. The idea is good, the solution is good, but the technology needs to come further for fully satisfactory results. When the VR technololgy have advanced further, a solution like this could be something that could be useful to companies. This because the inertaction of a 3D conference is improved compared to today's video chat.
Inom Gällö skog finns ett ökande behov av att hålla möten i skogen på distans. Detta eftersom många markägare inte bor på, eller vid sin skogsfastighet. Målet med detta arbete var därför att hitta en 3D-konferenslösning åt Gällö skog. Arbetet har genomförts med hjälp av designprocessen samt Pughs relativa beslutsmatris. Först togs en kravspecifikation fram både för val av hårdvara och mjukvara. Efter det undersöktes mjukvarorna Facebook Spaces, Rumii och AltSpaceVR mot denna. När ingen av de nämnda mjukvarorna var tillräckligt tillfredsställande för detta arbete så valdes att ta fram en egen mjukvara. Den framtagna mjukvaran baseras på en webbplats och togs fram genom att modifiera ett befintligt projekt från github.com. Genom den modifikation som gjordes i projektet så kunde alla krav i kravspecifikationen till slut uppnås. Dock med vissa restriktioner. Mjukvaran fungerar bäst i webbläsaren Mozilla Firefox, och är ej kompatibel med Iphone. Även användarvänligheten för Gällö skog har utvecklingspotential. Hårdvaran i detta arbete togs fram genom att jämföra VR-glasögonen HTC Vive och Oculus Rift mot varandra och den framtagna kravspecifikationen. Resultatet av detta blev att HTC Vive köptes in till projektet. Detta för att de uppfyllde flest av arbetets krav, samt att de hade övriga funktioner som gjorde att de kan användas även i framtida arbeten. Slutsatsen av detta arbete blev till slut att tills dess att tekniken kring detta har hunnit längre så blir denna lösning möjligtvis otillräcklig. Tanken är god, lösningen bra, men tekniken behöver komma längre för fullt tillfredsställande resultat. När VR-tekniken kommit längre skulle en lösning likt denna kunna vara något som kan bli användbart för fler företag. Detta eftersom interaktionen i en 3D-konferens förbättras jämfört med dagens videochattar.

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Schlageter, Tello Andrés. « Evaluación de un sistema de identificación en base a bolos ruminales (Rumita ®) en vaquillas de reemplazo en un predio lechero de la comuna de Lampa ». Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130883.

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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario
El estudio se realizó en un predio lechero de crianza intensiva en la comuna de Lampa, Región Metropolitana, Chile. El grupo experimental fue de 98 vaquillas de reemplazo de lechería. A cada animal se le aplicó un bolo ruminal y un crotal convencional. Se realizaron 8 lecturas en un lapso de 6 meses. En cada lectura se tomaron datos para el posterior cálculo del porcentaje de lectura, porcentaje de pérdida y tiempo de lectura. Además se calcularon los costos de implementación con cuatro diferentes tipos de identificadores en un lapso de 10 años El porcentaje de lectura de los bolos ruminales fue de 99,9%, significativamente superior al observado en los crotales convencionales (92,8%) (p ≤ 0,05). No se presentaron pérdidas de bolos ruminales lo que se compara favorablemente con el porcentaje de pérdidas obtenido de los crotales convencionales (4,14%) (p ≤ 0,05). El tiempo de lectura para los bolos ruminales (1,6 ± 0,8 seg) fue significativamente inferior, al de los crotales convencionales (4,6 ± 3,2 seg) (p ≤ 0,05). En una evaluación económica se demostró que los costos de sistemas de identificación por radio frecuencia pasiva son superiores a los sistemas de identificación tradicionales basados en crotales de identificación visual, aunque de deben considerar las ventajas comparativas de los dispositivos electrónicos para una correcta decisión. Los mayores costos de los sistemas electrónicos son los equipos y para los sistemas convencionales, los dispositivos y su reemplazo a lo largo del tiempo y la mano de obra

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Fuentes, Raul, et Joar Svensson. « An examination of the role of sport-trait anxiety and rumination in the relationship between mindfulness and performance ». Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-41713.

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Syftet med den föreliggande studien var att undersöka rollen av prestationsångest och ältande mellan dispositionell mindfulness och självskattad prestation. Det var totalt 53 idrottare (22 kvinnor, 31 män; Målder = 29.32, SD = 12.28 år) från 18 olika idrotter som deltog i studien. Studien var av kvantitativ longitudinell design (tre tillfällen under en fyra veckors period) där den oberoende variabeln, den beroende variabeln och två möjliga mediatorer undersöktes med hjälp av Athletic Mindfulness Questionnaire, Sport Performance Questionnaire, Sport Anxiety Scale-2, och Rumination Reflection Questionnaire. Resultaten visade ingen signifikant indirekt effekt av dispositionell mindfulness på självskattad prestation genom varken ältande eller prestationsångest. Resultaten indikerar att ältande och prestationsångest inte medierar förhållandet mellan dispositionell mindfulness och självskattad prestation i det undersökta urvalet. Det diskuteras att mindfulness ändrar förhållandet idrottaren har med ångesten istället för att sänka den upplevda nivån av ångest. Forskning om ältande som en mediator mellan mindfulness och prestation diskuteras som sällsynt, vilket kan göra kunskapen om förhållandet otillräckligt för att göra några bestämda uttalanden. Resultaten bör tolkas med försiktighet med tanke på att undersökningen gjordes på en heterogen grupp av idrottare med en subjektiv mått av prestation. Vidare forskning bör fokusera på en bestämd grupp och använda mer objektiva mått på prestation, samt använda ett idrottsspecifik instrument för att mäta ältande. Nyckelord: prestationsångest, dispositionell mindfulness, idrottsprestation, idrottare
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of sport-trait anxiety and rumination in the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and self-assessed performance. A total of 53 athletes (22 women, 31 men; Mage = 29.32, SD = 12.28 years) from 18 different sports participated. A quantitative longitudinal design (three-time measures within a four-week period) was conducted wherein the independent and dependent variables, as well as the two potential mediators were measured using Athletic Mindfulness Questionnaire, Sport Performance Questionnaire, Sport Anxiety Scale-2, and Rumination Reflection Questionnaire. The results showed no significant indirect effect of dispositional mindfulness on self-assessed performance through neither sporttrait anxiety nor rumination. These findings indicate that sport-trait anxiety and rumination do not mediate the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and self-assessed performance in the examined sample. Mindfulness is discussed as altering the athlete’s relationship with anxiety rather than lowering the perceived levels of anxiety. Since research on rumination as a mediator between mindfulness and performance is very scarce, the knowledge about the relationship might be insufficient to make any decisive statements. Findings are to be taken with caution given the heterogeneous sample of athletes considered and the use of a subjective measure of performance. Further research should focus on a more targeted group and use a more objective performance measure, as well as a sport-specific rumination scale. Keywords: sport-specific anxiety, dispositional mindfulness, athletic performance, athlete

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Conti, Gregory John. « Countering network level denial of information attacks using information visualization ». Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-03232006-112827/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Stasko, John, Committee Member ; Owen, Henry, Committee Member ; Merkle, Ralph, Committee Member ; Lee, Wenke, Committee Member ; Ahamad, Mustaque, Committee Chair.

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Marková, Kamila. « Intenzivní městský dům ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-355026.

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The theme of my disseration is an architecture study of multifunctional building which is surrounded by the streets Křenová, Rumiště, Mlýnská a Štěpánská. The main aim of the work is to create structure wich would offer different functions. These would fill the missing services and offer new opportunities. The result of my design is the construction which is characterized by its public terraces placed on top of the covered parking lots on the first floor. The whole complex is formed by three connected blocks. One of the important parts of the design is to uncover river Ponávka. That would make this area more attractive. The building has 2 underground floors and up to 6 floors. In the first two stories there are different public services - shops, café, restaurant, kindergarten, fitness, art gallery and other. In the third and fourth floor there are offices and apartements. Fifth and six floor are just for living. The construction of the building is from monolithic reinforced concrete frame, horizontal structure consists of beamless slabs.

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CHEN, SIOU-YI, et 陳綉怡. « Ruminate on Texture-Creation Descriptions by Chen,Siou-Yi ». Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ms2m2n.

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碩士
大葉大學
設計暨藝術學院碩士班
104
Creativity sometimes comes from discovering trivial things in our daily life, discover the value of each thing, will bring it a meaning. There were moments which I had much contact to fruits and vegetables in my younger time. "Ruminate on Texture" is a series of metalcraft works which are transformed by my memories of fruits and vegetables in my younger time. By applying and experimenting techniques of non-ferrous metals, I explored my subtle memories of certain fruits and vegetables. Recalling their unique appearance, delicate texture and unforgettable taste, I was inspired to create these tactile objects as icons for my memories.

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Tzoneva-Velinova, Rumiana [Verfasser]. « The wettability of biomaterials determines the protein adsorption and the cellular responses / von Rumiana Tzoneva-Velinova ». 2003. http://d-nb.info/971969477/34.

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CONGIU, FULVIO. « Valutazione di diversi marker temporali in alcune specie di ruminanti domestici sottoposti a differenti condizioni sperimentali ». Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11570/3109287.

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The aim of the study was to investigate some rhythmic markers in three different ruminants species. For this purpose, three different experiments were conducted. The aim of the first experiment was to investigate clock gene expression in Bos taurus and the alteration occurring during pathological conditions, through the evaluation of the daily expression pattern of four clock genes (Per2, Cry2, Bmal1, Clock) in peripheral blood cells. Five healthy cows, five affected by Brucellosis (BR) and five affected by Bovine Viral Diarrhoea- Mucosal Disease (BVD-MD) were housed in indoor stalls under natural spring conditions, blood samples were collected at 4 h intervals over a 24 h period. Statistical analysis showed rhythmic expression of clock genes mRNAs in healthy cows. Cows affected by BR did not show any rhythmic expression of clock genes mRNAs while in cows affected by BDV mRNA levels of Bmal1, Clock and Cry2 changed during the day. These findings highlighted that circadian system could be involved in homeostasis alteration and that clock genes could be considerate as regulatory genes or early response genes during inflammation, so their regulation should be evaluated in health research and treatment. The second experiment of this study was to evaluate the circadian rhythm of melatonin in sheep and in goats and to compare the rhythmicity under the same conditions. Five female Sarda sheep and five female Sarda goats were housed in boxes equipped with an opening window. Animals were kept under a natural photoperiod and in indoor ambient temperature (16–20 °C). Blood samples were collected every 2 h over 48 h period. Results showed a circadian melatonin rhythm with a nocturnal acrophase in both species and a high robustness between rhythm 61.20 ± 7.57 and 83.60 ± 7.26, denoting a high percentage of stationarity of melatonin circadian rhythm. No significant differences were found on melatonin levels in sheep and goats. Our finding demonstrates the similarity between the two species in the secretion and rhythmicity of melatonin. The third experimental study evaluates the pattern of plasma melatonin during the trough and the peak of its daily rhythm. Blood samples from 8 ewes were collected every 3 h for a 48-h period. On the third day, blood samples were collected from 10:00 to 13:00 (trough) and from 20:00 to 23:00 (peak) every 20 min. Our results showed a robust daily rhythm of melatonin in both days of monitoring, with nocturnal acrophase. During the trough, a significant decrease was observed starting from the 10:40 with a progressive decrease about every 40 min. During the peak of the plasma melatonin daily rhythm, an increase was observed starting from the 20:40 with a progressive increase about every 40 min. These data could be taken into consideration to monitor the plasma melatonin variations during the 24 h, and for the administration of melatonin for breeding in ewes. In conclusion, the circadian rhythms in domestic ruminants appear to be modulated by exogenous factors that not change the normal homeostasis of the organism, for example the photoperiod, and by exogenous noxae, for example infectious diseases, that can produce an alteration of the normal expression of clock genes

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Garcia, Florencia. « Uso de aceites esenciales para modular la actividad microbiana en el rumen con el fin de reducir la producción de metano entérico ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/6283.

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Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias Agropecuarias) -- UNC- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2018
La producción de metano por parte de los rumiantes es una de las mayores fuentes de gases de efecto invernadero en el sector agrícola-ganadero, así como una pérdida de energía para el animal. Existen distintas estrategias para mitigar su producción, entre ellas se encuentran los modificadores de la fermentación ruminal. El objetivo de la presente tesis fue evaluar el uso de aceites esenciales (AE) de plantas nativas de Argentina como fuentes de aditivos naturales para la alimentación de rumiantes con el fin de disminuir la producción de metano entérico. En la etapa inicial se evaluaron los AE de plantas de Argentina: Aloysia gratissima, Lippia turbinata (LT), Schinus molle y Tagetes minuta (TM), junto con otros ya evaluados en el microbioma ruminal: Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha x piperita var. vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, Rosmarinus officinalis y Thymus vulgaris. Se determinó la composición química de los AE para relacionarla con los efectos observados. Se realizaron dos ensayos de producción de gas in vitro a distintas dosis para identificar las combinaciones de AE y dosis que inhiban la metanogénesis sin afectar la digestibilidad del sustrato. La respuesta dependió del AE (especie vegetal) y de la dosis, lo que se atribuyó a las diferencias en su composición química. Con las mayores dosis disminuyó la producción de metano, pero la digestibilidad también se redujo. Con los AE de LT y TM la producción de metano disminuyó un 40% sin afectar la digestibilidad, por lo que se eligieron para siguientes estudios. En el AE de LT el limoneno fue el componente en mayor proporción y los hidrocarburos fueron el principal grupo funcional. En TM el principal compuesto fue la verbenona, y las cetonas fueron el grupo químico más abundante. Los terpenos oxigenados representaron menos del 30% en LT y más del 90% en TM. En la segunda etapa se evaluaron dosis crecientes de LT y TM en ensayos de producción de gas in vitro con cinco sustratos. Como se esperaba, el efecto dependió del sustrato y de la dosis pero el comportamiento difirió entre ambos AE. Esto se atribuyó a las diferencias en las condiciones del medio en el que los componentes de los AE pueden interactuar de distinta manera, especialmente según el pH. Se concluyó que debe existir una interacción entre las condiciones del medio de fermentación y la naturaleza química de los componentes del AE, lo que modificaría sus propiedades físicoquímicas. Dada la posibilidad de que la efectividad de los AE disminuya con el tiempo, el último estudio evaluó la persistencia de los efectos de los AE de LT y TM en la producción de metano in vitro en un sistema de cultivo semi-continuo, así como la rotación entre ambos AE (LT/TM) como estrategia para prolongar su capacidad antimetanogénica. La inhibición de la producción de metano se produjo inmediatamente luego de agregar los AE de LT y TM, y se mantuvo durante el período experimental. El tratamiento de LT/TM no mostró mejores resultados que la adición individual de cada AE. En esta tesis se presenta información inédita respecto al uso de AE de especies nativas de Argentina como modificadores de la fermentación ruminal. Los AE de LT y TM son efectivos para reducir la producción de metano in vitro, con efectos mínimos o nulos sobre la digestibilidad del sustrato a dosis adecuadas (en función del sustrato y del tipo de sistema de fermentación). Las diferencias en los efectos de ambos AE sugieren que sus mecanismos de acción difieren, y que actuan sobre distintas poblaciones microbianas. Los aceites esenciales de Lippia turbinata y Tagetes minuta pueden ser considerados como candidatos para el desarrollo de nuevos aditivos en la nutrición de rumiantes como estrategia para mitigar la producción de metano entérico.
Methane production from ruminants implies a loss of energy for the animal and also it is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas from the agricultural sector. There are different strategies to mitigate its production, one of which is the use of ruminal fermentation modifiers. The objective of the present Thesis was to evaluate the use of essential oils (EO) of native plants from Argentina as source of natural in-feed additives for ruminants aiming to reduce enteric methane production. In the first step, EO of plants from Argentina: Aloysia gratissima, Lippia turbinata (LT), Schinus molle y Tagetes minuta (TM), were evaluated along other previously studied in the ruminal microbiome: Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha x piperita var. vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris. The chemical composition of EO was determined so as to link them with the observed effects. Two in vitro gas production assays were performed with different doses to identify the best combinations between EO and dose that inhibited methanogenesis without affecting the digestibility of the substrate. The effect depended on the EO (vegetal species) and the dose, which was attributed to the differences in their chemical composition. The highest doses of EO decreased methane production, but also reduced the digestibility. With EO of LT and TM methane production was decreased over 40% without affecting digestibility, and were chosen for further studies. The main component in the EO of LT was limonene, and hydrocarbons were the principal functional group. In TM the main compound was verbenone, and ketones were the most abundant chemical group. Terpenes with oxygen accounted for less than 30% in LT and more than 90% in TM. In the second stage, increasing doses of LT and TM were evaluated with the in vitro gas production technique with five substrates. As expected, the effect depended on the substrate and dose, but the trend differed between the two EO. This was attributed to the differences in the incubation media conditions where EO compounds can interact in different ways, especially regarding pH. It was concluded that it may exist an interaction between the conditions of the fermentation media and the chemical nature of the EO compounds, which would modify their physicochemical properties. Due to the possibility that the effectiveness of EO may decrease over time, the last study evaluated the persistence of the effects of LT and TM on in vitro methane production in a semi-continuous culture system, as well as the rotation between both AE (LT / TM) as a strategy to prolong its antimethanogenic effect. Methane production was significantly inhibited shortly after addition of both EO when incorporated individually, and persisted over the experimental period. TM/LT treatment did not bring further improvements in reduction or persistency compared to the inclusion of any of the EO individually. In this thesis, unprecedented information is presented regarding the use of EO from native species from Argentina as ruminal fermentation modifiers. The EO from LT and TM are effective in reducing methane production in vitro, with slight or no effects on the digestibility of the substrate at an adequate dose (depending on the substrate and the type of fermentation system). The differences between these two EO suggest their mechanisms of action differ, and that they may act over different microbial populations. The essential oils from Lippia turbinata and Tagetes minuta can be considered as promising candidates for the development of new feed additives in ruminant nutrition as a strategy to mitigate enteric methane production.

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BUCCIONI, ARIANNA. « Evoluzione del contenuto dei principali isomeri geometrici e posizionali dell’acido linoleico coniugato (CLA) nel liquido ruminale durante i processi fermentativi in vitro ». Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/594781.

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Boretto, Ezequiel Emilio. « Impacto del estado corporal y nivel nutricional de hembras rumiantes en gestaciones avanzadas sobre el desarrollo reproductivo de las crías ». Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/4570.

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Tesis (Maestría en Reproducción Bovina)--UNC- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias ; Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba, 2016.
Es frecuente que las vacas lecheras ganen excesiva condición corporal (CC) durante el secado, coincidiendo con el último periodo de la gestación. En cambio, las ovejas en condiciones extensivas, y debido al fotoperiodo, llegan al final de la gestación en épocas de escasa oferta forrajera. Tanto los excesos como las restricciones nutricionales en gestaciones avanzadas llevan a hipoglucemia fetal y menores niveles del factor de crecimiento insulínico tipo 1 (IGF-1). El IGF-1 es crítico para el desarrollo fetal de los órganos reproductivos. Por ende, las hijas podrían presentar alteraciones ováricas y uterínicas luego del nacimiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de las variaciones nutricionales en gestaciones avanzadas de hembras rumiantes sobre los niveles plasmáticos de glucosa (GLU) e IGF1 de las crías neonatales y el grado de desarrollo ovárico/uterino en las corderas y función ovárica en las terneras alrededor de la pubertad. Para determinar el efecto de los excesos nutricionales, vacas de tambo estabuladas durante el último mes de gestación se separaron en dos grupos en función a la CC,: Control (“C”; CC >2.5 y ≤ 3.75, n=5) y Gordas (“G”; CC ≥4, n=5). Para evaluar el efecto nutricional contrario, ovejas en el último tercio de la gestación fueron asignadas al grupo Control (“C”, n=4) o Restringido (“R”, n=4) y alimentadas al 100% o 50% de sus requerimientos energéticos, respectivamente. Se evaluaron niveles de GLU, IGF-1 y estradiol (E 2 ) de las hijas durante los primeros 30 días de vida en terneras y dos meses de vidas en corderas. Se determinaron niveles de hormona anti-Mülleriana (AMH) y diámetros foliculares alrededor del año de vida de las terneras, mientras que las corderas fueron eutanasiadas a los 2 meses de edad para evaluar la arquitectura histológica de ovarios y útero y la expresión génica para IGF-1 y sus receptores en dichos órganos. Los niveles de GLU e IGF-1 sanguínea fueron analizados como medidas repetidas en el tiempo en un modelo mixto, mientras que las diferencias para el resto de las determinaciones fueron analizadas por ANOVA. Comparado con las hijas de las madres en el grupo “C”, tanto las terneras nacidas de las vacas en el grupo “G”, como las corderas hijas de las ovejas en el grupo “R” tuvieron menores niveles de GLU e IGF-1 en los primeros días y semanas de vida, respectivamente, y de E 2 al mes (terneras) o dos meses (corderas) de edad (p<0,05). Las terneras presentaron una tendencia a menores valores de AMH (p=0,10), lo que indicaría menor población folicular, y tendencia a menores diámetros foliculares (p=0,10) al año de vida; mientras que las corderas tuvieron menor expresión de IGF-1/IGF-1R a niveles ovárico y uterino (p<0,05), menor peso del útero (p<0,05), y menor número de glándulas uterinas y diámetros foliculares (p<0,05) en los cortes histológicos. En conclusión, pudimos demostrar que tanto los excesos como las restricciones nutriciones en hembras rumiantes durante gestaciones avanzadas tienen efectos negativos en el desarrollo de los órganos reproductivos de las crías con posible impacto en el desempeño reproductivo futuro dentro de los establecimientos.
Dairy cows frequently gain excessive body weight during the dry period. As this is coincident with the last stage of gestation, cows could reach parturition with a high body condition score (BCS). On the other hand, ewes in extensive conditions and due to the photoperiod undergo the last period of gestation on late winter, when forage supply is scarce. Maternal over and undernutrition during late gestation could lead to fetal hipoglucemia and lower levels of circulating insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 has a critical role in the development of fetal reproductive organs. Thus, the daughters might present ovarian and uterine alterations after birth. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of maternal nutritional status during late gestation on blood levels of Glucose (GLU) and IGF-1 in neonatal offspring and the ovarian/uterine development of lambs and ovarian function of heifers near puberty. To determine the effect of overnutrition, dairy cows in the last month of gestation were separated in two groups according their BCS: Control (“C”; BCS >2.5 y ≤ 3.75, n=5) and Fat (“F”; BCS ≥4, n=5). To evaluate undernutrition, pregnant ewes in the last trimester were randomly assigned to Control (“C”, N=4) or Restricted Group (“R”, n=4) and fed a diet with the 100% or 50% of their energetic requirements, respectively. Levels of GLU, IGF-1 and estradiol (E 2 ) were evaluated during the first 30 days of age in calves and 60 days of age in lambs. Blood levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and follicles diameter were evaluated in heifers at 12 months of age. Lambs were euthanized at 2 months of age to evaluate the histologic architecture of ovaries and uterus and gene expression of IGF-1 and its receptors on those organs. Blood levels of GLU and IGF-1 were analyzed as repeated measures in a mixed model, while the other results were analyzed through ANOVA. Compared with daughters born from cows or ewes in the “C” group, calves born from cows in the “F” group and lambs born from ewes in the “R” group had significantly lower levels of GLU and IGF-1 during the first days and weeks of life, respectively, and lower E 2 levels at one month of age (calves) or two months of age (lambs) (p<0.05). Levels of AMH and follicles diameter tended to be lower (p=0.10) in heifers at 12 months of age. Lambs at 2 months of age had lower levels of IGF-1/IGF-1R expression in ovaries and uterus, lower uterine weight and lower number of endometrial glands and smaller follicles (p<0.05) in the histological analysis. Collectively, we concluded that maternal over or undernutrition has a negative impact on the development of their offspring's reproductive tract and therefore could have some long-term effects, probably impairing reproductive efficiency in adult life.

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Jeleva, Rumiana [Verfasser]. « Soziale Deutungsmuster von Unternehmern in der Tranformationsökonomie : moralische Kommunikation und gesellschaftliche Verantwortung von Unternehmern, dargestellt am Beispiel Bulgariens / von Rumiana Jeleva ». 2003. http://d-nb.info/97315585X/34.

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