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Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 11 mars 2023

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1

Fenzi, Alberto, Filomena Longo, Antonio Piga, Daniela Ventura, Andrea Sboarina, Sankaran Kumar et William Avrin. « Liver Iron Measurements with Less Expensive Technology : Comparison of a Room-Temperature Susceptometer with SQUID in 84 Subjects ». Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29 novembre 2018) : 3628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116955.

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Abstract Introduction. Tissue iron measurements with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have given doctors a reliable way to monitor iron overload in thalassemias, sickle-cell disease and other disorders. However, MRI remains too expensive for widespread use in the countries where the largest numbers of patients with these disorders live. This abstract describes a test in human subjects of a potentially less expensive method of quantifying excess iron: measurement of liver iron concentrations (LIC) by magnetic susceptometry, using magnetic sensors that work at room temperature. Methods. The room-temperature susceptometer (RTS) in this study was a close copy of the one described by Maliken et al. [Room-temperature susceptometry predicts biopsy-determined hepatic iron in patients with elevated serum ferritin. Ann. Hepatol. 2012;11:77-84]. LIC measurements with the RTS were compared to those of an existing SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) biosusceptometer [Starr, TN et. al. A new generation SQUID biosusceptometer. Proceedings, 12th International Conference on Biomagnetism. 2000]. 84 patients, mostly with transfusion-dependent thalassemia major, participated in this comparison. Their LICs based on SQUID ranged from zero to 5250 μg/g wet weight, with median 920 μg/g and standard deviation 960 μg/g. Body-mass indices ranged from 16.6 to 31.7 kg/m2 (median 21.8 kg/m2, standard deviation 3.1 kg/m2). Liver-skin distances measured by ultrasound imaging ranged from 13.0 to 30.0 mm (median 17.5 mm, standard deviation 3.1 mm). For each patient, SQUID and RTS measurements were done in a single session. The agreement of the two susceptometers was assessed in terms of their Pearson product moment correlation coefficient r and the standard deviation σ of the differences between the SQUID results and the least-squares Deming regression line. This standard deviation was slightly dependent on the value of λ, the ratio of the variances of errors for the two susceptometers, that was assumed in the Deming regression. This dependence was estimated by calculating σ for a range of λ values. Results. LICs from RTS and SQUID had a Pearson product moment correlation coefficient r = 0.93. The differences between the two systems had a standard deviation σ = 363 μg/g assuming that the RTS's variance was four times the SQUID's and 353 μg/g assuming equal variances. As a point of reference, applying a similar analysis to published data yielded r = 0.975 and σ = 320 μg/g for a comparison of the Torino-based SQUID used in this study with another SQUID susceptometer at Hamburg [Engelhardt R et al. Agreement of liver iron quantification measurements with low Tc-SQUID biosusceptometers in Oakland, Torino and Hamburg. Elsevier International Congress Series 2007;1300: 279-282]. Conclusions. These results indicate that a less expensive susceptometer using room-temperature magnetic sensors can make liver iron measurements that are well correlated with those of the biopsy-validated SQUID technology. Based on the standard deviation of the differences between the two systems, the RTS used in this study was approaching accuracy levels that would be useful clinically, especially in screening patients for dangerously high iron. Since the RTS's errors in measurements on phantoms are significantly lower than those found in this study on human subjects, the room-temperature susceptometer's accuracy appears to be limited not by the noise of the room-temperature magnetic sensors, but by the relationship of the susceptometer to the patient's body. With improvement in areas such as patient positioning, measurement of the sensor-skin distance, and correction for the magnetic response of tissue between the liver and the susceptometer, low-cost susceptometers may ultimately achieve accuracies comparable to those of existing SQUIDs. Such technologies can potentially improve the management of iron overload, especially in regions where MRI is too expensive for routine use. Figure. Figure. Disclosures Piga: Acceleron: Research Funding; La Jolla: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Apopharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bluebird Bio: Honoraria; Celgene Corp: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Avrin:Insight Magnetics: Employment, Other: Proprietor of company developing the study device, Patents & Royalties: Own rights to patents on the study device.
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Mueller, J., H. Raisi, V. Rausch, Helmut K. Seitz et W. Avrin. « Room-Temperature Susceptometry Detects Hepatocyte but Not Macrophage Iron ». Journal of Hepatology 64, no 2 (2016) : S330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(16)00459-1.

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Mueller, J., H. Raisi, V. Rausch, HK Seitz et S. Mueller. « Room-temperature susceptometry allows the sensitive and non-invasive assessment of liver iron ». Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 54, no 12 (19 décembre 2016) : 1343–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1597492.

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Mueller, J., H. Raisi, V. Rausch, H. K. Seitz, W. Avrin et S. Mueller. « Room-Temperature Susceptometry Allows the Sensitive and Non-Invasive Assessment of Liver Iron ». Journal of Hepatology 64, no 2 (2016) : S233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(16)00223-3.

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Maliken, Bryan D., William F. Avrin, James E. Nelson, Jody Mooney, Sankaran Kumar et Kris V. Kowdley. « Room-temperature susceptometry predicts biopsy-determined hepatic iron in patients with elevated serum ferritin ». Annals of Hepatology 11, no 1 (janvier 2012) : 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1665-2681(19)31489-9.

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Mueller, Sebastian, et Johannes Mueller. « Reply to : “Is room temperature susceptometry really an accurate method to assess hepatocellular iron?” ». Journal of Hepatology 67, no 6 (décembre 2017) : 1346–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2017.07.020.

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Mueller, J., H. Raisi, V. Rausch, D. Simons, C. Ziener, H. Schlemmer, H. Seitz, B. Straub, N. Waldburger et S. Mueller. « Comparison between Room-temperature susceptometry and MRI with respect to the cell-specific detection of liver iron ». Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 56, no 01 (janvier 2018) : E2—E89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1612710.

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Lal, Ashutosh, William Avrin, Viktoriia Kolotovska, Lisa Calvelli et Marcela Weyhmiller. « Advances in Biomagnetic Liver Susceptometry Allow the Measurement of Liver Iron Concentration with a Room Temperature Sensor ». Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29 novembre 2018) : 4890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-117355.

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Abstract Introduction: Iron overload is frequently observed in diverse states ranging from thalassemia, sickle cell disease, hereditary hemochromatosis, transfusion-dependent anemias, cancer chemotherapy and chronic liver disease. Management of iron overload depends on the ability to quantify and monitor the patient's iron stores with precision. Organ iron measurement by relaxometry-based MRI techniques has become the current standard. MRI is expensive and has the added limitations of multiple existing methods and reduced dynamic range with 3 Tesla scanners. Liver iron measurements by magnetic susceptometers using superconductive quantum interference device (SQUID) technology are expensive and have limited availability. In this study an improved low-cost device, the room-temperature susceptometer (RTS, Insight Magnetics, San Diego, CA), was tested against the Model 5700 Ferritometer ® 3-Channel SQUID BioSusceptometer System (Tristan Technologies, Inc. San Diego, CA). Both systems quantify liver iron concentration (LIC) using bulk magnetic susceptibility. Where the SQUID uses an ultra-stable sensing system immersed in liquid helium, the RTS cancels the temperature and magnetic-field fluctuations inherent in an apparatus that works at room temperature. The RTS uses three main techniques to sense the very weak magnetic field produced by liver iron: (a) oscillatory magnetic fields that can be detected with high sensitivity using coils of ordinary copper wire, (b) field-producing and field-sensing coils to cancel the signal due to the applied magnetic field, and (c) movement of the sensing unit periodically toward and away from the patient so as to distinguish the patient's magnetic field response from the interfering signal caused by temperature fluctuations in the sensing system. Methods: This study compared measurements of LIC from RTS to those by the SQUID. The RTS in this study was modified from an earlier model to make the baseline reading more stable, and to increase the accuracy of the water reference measurement to which the patient's magnetic response is compared. The magnetic-field source and sensing coils were enlarged to increase the signal of the liver compared with that of the overlying tissue. LIC was measured once on the SQUID and once on the RTS at a single visit. Using ultrasound imaging, optimum liver measurement position was determined and marked with an x-y-positioning and z-distance sensing Locator Loop (Positronic Systemtechnik GmbH, Germany). The locator loop remained attached to the patient for measurements with both devices to preserve measurement location. LIC calculation was corrected for the susceptibility and geometry of the overlying tissue. Measurement results from SQUID and RTS were analyzed independently by two investigators. Results: Thirteen adults (10 with transfusion-dependent thalassemia and 3 controls) with body mass index (BMI) <25 were enrolled. All measurements were completed at a single visit with no failures. LIC values (µg/g wet-liver weight), ranged from -33 to 6493 with SQUID, and -305 to 7237 with RTS. In the three controls, the LIC was -33, 144 and 427 µg/g with SQUID, and -305, 451 and 230 µg/g with RTS. The overall correlation between the two methods was excellent, yielding an r2 = 0.976 and slope = 1.037 ± 0.068 (p<0.001, Fig 1). Bland-Altman analysis of percent-difference versus the average of the two methods showed bias -2.72 (95% limits of agreement -149.1 to 143.6) for all subjects, which improved to 1.94 (95% limits of agreement -41.1 to 45.3) when the average values below 350 µg/g (n=4) were excluded (Fig 2). The percent difference between the two methods was influenced by the subject's BMI (p=0.050 for all subjects; p=0.031 after excluding average LIC <350 µg/g), with the least difference observed in the BMI range of 20-23 Kg/m2. Conclusion: This study shows that, with the recent improvements in the RTS technology, LIC measurements now closely align with those using SQUID. The remaining difference between the two methods likely results from the models used to compensate for the overlying tissue. Further comparison of RTS to SQUID and MRI-based methods in diverse iron overload states is warranted in a larger study. This work may ultimately make low-cost noninvasive measurement of iron overload accessible to the large number of patients in the US, and to resource-limited countries around the world. Disclosures Lal: Bluebird Bio: Research Funding; Insight Magnetics: Research Funding; Terumo Corporation: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Celgene Corporation: Research Funding; La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company: Consultancy, Research Funding. Avrin:Insight Magnetics: Employment, Other: Proprietor of company developing the study device, Patents & Royalties: Own rights to patents on the study device. Weyhmiller:Insight Magnetics: Research Funding.
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Mueller, J., H. Raisi, V. Rausch, D. Simons, C. Ziener, H. P. Schlemmer, H. Seitz, B. Straub, N. Waldburger et S. Mueller. « Comparison between room-temperature susceptometry and MRI with respect to the cell-specific detection of liver iron ». Journal of Hepatology 68 (avril 2018) : S621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(18)31499-5.

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Marinelli, Mauro, Barbara Gianesin, Antonella Lavagetto, Martina Lamagna, Eraldo Oliveri, Laura Terenzani et Gian Luca Forni. « Preliminary Results of Full Body Iron Overload Measurement by a Magnetic Susceptometer. » Blood 106, no 11 (16 novembre 2005) : 3714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3714.3714.

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Abstract Accurate assessment of body-iron accumulation is essential for managing therapy of iron-chelating diseases characterized by iron overload such as thalassemia, hereditary hemochromatosis, myelodysplasia and other forms of severe anemia. At present, the gold standard to determine liver-iron concentration (LIC) is liver needle biopsy. In this work, we present an alternative non-invasive technique to measure LIC based on a room-temperature susceptometer. SQUID biosusceptometers and MRI are currently the only validated non-invasive methods for LIC measurements. However, SQUIDs are liquid helium-cooled superconducting devices, therefore costly and resource intensive. Furthermore, SQUIDs are only sensitive to a fraction of the liver volume because of their magnetic configuration. MRI requires large magnets with dedicated software and hardware, trained operators, and is accurate only at low iron concentration. The susceptometer presented herein measures iron overload in the whole liver, as the entire human torso fits within its region of sensitivity. Since all of its components operate at room temperature, this susceptometer is more affordable then competing techniques and can reach a wider hospital base. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee and all subjects gave informed consent. Since February 2005, 40 patients (30 thalassemia major or intermedia, 5 hereditary hemochromatosis, 5 other severe anemia) and 68 healthy volunteers have been measured. The signal picked up by the susceptometer has two sources: an overall magnetic background of the torso and an eventual contribution from liver iron excess. After measuring the magnetic signature of a patient, statistical analysis methods and neural-network simulations (trained using the control data) are employed to estimate the background signal, given the patient anthropometric data. Liver-iron overload is then determined by subtraction of the estimated background from the total measured signal. The refinement of the methodology is in progress and, at present, the error in liver iron is about 1g (SD), corresponding to typical concentrations of 0.5 mg/cm^3. A correlation study between iron overload and blood serum-ferritin concentration in the patient population attained a correlation coefficient R~0.73. Comparison with measurements of LIC via SQUID susceptometry on a subset of 30 patients participating in the present study (carried out by Dr. A. Piga at Ospedale S. Anna, Torino, Italy) yields a correlation coefficient R~0.77. Four patients (3 thalassemia major, 1 hereditary hemochromatosis) under intensive iron depletive therapy have been measured at least twice; our estimate of liver iron reduction is compatible with the clinical data (R~0.76). Comparison with LIC measured via biopsy is in progress. All comparison were blinded. These preliminary results indicate that possible applications of this non-invasive, full-body susceptometer include monitoring the efficacy of the therapy as well as improving the diagnosis and care management of patients with iron overload. Figure Figure
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Lo, Wai, R. Stevens, R. Doyle, A. M. Campbell et W. Y. Liang. « Fabrication and characterization of highly textured (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox superconducting ceramics using high magnetic field and cold isostatic pressing ». Journal of Materials Research 10, no 10 (octobre 1995) : 2433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.2433.

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High textured (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox ceramics have been fabricated by aligning deflocculated flakes of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox suspended in an organic medium by means of a high de magnetic field (6 T) at room temperature followed by cold isostatic pressing. The proportion of the (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox phase in the precursor powder was carefully controlled, and the characteristics of the powder, such as size distribution and morphology, were determined. A high degree of grain alignment was found in the specimens after the magnetic alignment, although the bulk density of the materials was low. Cold isostatic pressing substantially increased the density of the magnetically prealigned specimens which also resulted in a slight decrease in the degree of grain alignment. This minor realignment was found to be due to the various kinds of processing defects that appeared in the specimens during compaction due to the grinding and cracking of the grains and their interlocking. The microstructural and superconducting properties of the sintered ceramic have been studied using texture goniometry, high resolution scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, ac magnetic susceptometry, and critical current measurements.
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Marinelli, Mauro, Piergiorgio Beruto, Barbara Gianesin, Antonella Lavagetto, Martina Lamagna, Eraldo Oliveri, Maria Luigia Saccone, Giuliano Sobrero, Laura Terenzani et Gian Luca. « Whole Liver Iron Overload Measurement by Magnetic Iron Detector (MID). A Non Cryogenic Bio-Susceptometer. » Blood 108, no 11 (16 novembre 2006) : 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1547.1547.

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Abstract Accurate assessment of body-iron accumulation is essential for diagnosis and therapy of iron-overload in diseases such as thalassemia, hereditary hemochromatosis and other forms of severe congenital or acquired anemias. At present, the gold standard to determine liver-iron concentration (LIC) is the invasive liver needle biopsy. This technique might lead to large error, in assessing iron burden, due to the heterogeneous distribution of iron deposition in the liver. SQUID bio-susceptometer and MRI are currently the only non-invasive validated methods for LIC measurements. The susceptometer presented herein, named Magnetic Iron Detector (MID), measures directly the iron overload in the whole liver. All of its components operate at room temperature. Since February 2005 about 150 patients and 90 healthy volunteers have been measured and the measures were obtained in blind. The local Ethics Committee approved the study and all subjects gave informed consent. The result of correlations with the LIC measurements by SQUID susceptometry (Dr. A. Piga, Turin) in 43 patients showed a R 0.86 (Fig 1). In 2 patients, affected by Congenital Hemocromatosis, we correlated the LIC measurement by MID with the assessment of the expected iron depletion obtained with the phlebotomy therapy R 0.94 (Fig 2). All the measurements were correlated with the serum-ferritin concentration values R 0.72. We obtained correlation with the LIC measurement by liver biopsy in 7 patients R 0.89, further measures are in progress. The reproducibility of the iron overload of the same patients, measured after a relatively short lapse of time, is better than 0.5g. In conclusion the data obtained shows that MID is a reliable instrument for the diagnosis of the liver iron overload and for the follow-up of the chelation therapy. It is simpler to operate being manageable directly in the Clinical Center and more affordable than competing techniques. Fig. 1 LIC measured by MID vs LIC measured by SQUID Fig. 1. LIC measured by MID vs LIC measured by SQUID Fig. 2 The iron reduction of two hemochromatosis patients, under phebotomy therapy, compare with the reduction measured by the MID. Fig. 2. The iron reduction of two hemochromatosis patients, under phebotomy therapy, compare with the reduction measured by the MID.
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Strączek, Tomasz, Sylwia Fiejdasz, Damian Rybicki, Kamil Goc, Janusz Przewoźnik, Weronika Mazur, Maria Nowakowska, Szczepan Zapotoczny, Stanisław Rumian et Czesław Kapusta. « Dynamics of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Various Polymeric Coatings ». Materials 12, no 11 (3 juin 2019) : 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12111793.

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In this article, the results of a study of the magnetic dynamics of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with chitosan and polyethylene glycol (PEG) coatings are reported. The materials were prepared by the co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering and scanning transmission electron microscopy. It was shown that the cores contain maghemite, and their hydrodynamic diameters vary from 49 nm for PEG-coated to 200 nm for chitosan-coated particles. The magnetic dynamics of the nanoparticles in terms of the function of temperature was studied with magnetic susceptometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Their superparamagnetic fluctuations frequencies, determined from the fits of Mössbauer spectra, range from tens to hundreds of megahertz at room temperature and mostly decrease in the applied magnetic field. For water suspensions of nanoparticles, maxima are observed in the absorption part of magnetic susceptibility and they shift to higher temperatures with increasing excitation frequency. A step-like decrease of the susceptibility occurs at freezing, and from that, the Brown’s and Néel’s contributions are extracted and compared for nanoparticles differing in core sizes and types of coating. The results are analyzed and discussed with respect to the tailoring of the dynamic properties of these nanoparticle materials for requirements related to the characteristic frequency ranges of MRI and electromagnetic field hyperthermia.
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Faley, M. I., K. Pratt, R. Reineman, D. Schurig, S. Gott, C. G. Atwood, R. E. Sarwinski, D. N. Paulson, T. N. Starr et R. L. Fagaly. « High temperature superconductor dc SQUID micro-susceptometer for room temperature objects ». Superconductor Science and Technology 17, no 5 (6 avril 2004) : S324—S327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/17/5/046.

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Avrin, William F., et Sankaran Kumar. « Noninvasive liver-iron measurements with a room-temperature susceptometer ». Physiological Measurement 28, no 4 (7 mars 2007) : 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/28/4/002.

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Avrin, W. F., et S. Kumar. « Noninvasive liver-iron measurements with a room-temperature susceptometer ». Physiological Measurement 33, no 6 (28 mai 2012) : 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/33/6/c01.

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Borgohain, C., et J. P. Borah. « A versatile and cost-effective automation of an AC susceptometer using Virtual Instruments and Arduino-Uno microcontroller ». Journal of Instrumentation 16, no 10 (1 octobre 2021) : P10028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/10/p10028.

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Abstract A LabVIEWTM based VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT (VI) system is designed with the aid of an Arduino-Uno microcontroller, which is used as a data acquisition system for collecting data from an AC magnetic susceptometer operating in the range of 10 Hz to 10 kHz. The magnetic susceptometer system was indigenously built using standard modules/components and is capable of measuring AC magnetic susceptibility from room temperature down to 100 K. The proposed VI can have diverse applications and may be modified according to the user requirements. Herein, we have decided to focus its applicability on the automation of an AC susceptometer integrated with an inexpensive signal processing unit comprising an AD630-based lock-in-amplifier and an ICL8038-based signal generator. Data from the lock-in- amplifier, the signal generator, and the temperature sensor are interfaced to a computer via an Arduino-Uno microcontroller. A program (VI) developed using LabVIEW is used to acquire and record in a PC the data from the AC magnetic susceptometer.
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Alderighi, M., G. Bevilacqua, V. Biancalana, A. Khanbekyan, Y. Dancheva et L. Moi. « A room-temperature alternating current susceptometer—Data analysis, calibration, and test ». Review of Scientific Instruments 84, no 12 (décembre 2013) : 125105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4842255.

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Paisant, Anita, Fabrice Lainé, Yves Gandon et Edouard Bardou-Jacquet. « Is room temperature susceptometer really an accurate method to assess hepatocellular iron ? » Journal of Hepatology 67, no 6 (décembre 2017) : 1345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2017.07.021.

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Marinelli, M., B. Gianesin, C. Avignolo, V. Minganti et S. Parodi. « Iron overload detection in rats by means of a susceptometer operating at room temperature ». Physics in Medicine and Biology 53, no 23 (12 novembre 2008) : 6849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/53/23/013.

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Mueller, Johannes, Hanna Raisi, Vanessa Rausch, Teresa Peccerella, David Simons, Christian Herbert Ziener, Heinz-Peter Schlemmer et al. « Sensitive and non-invasive assessment of hepatocellular iron using a novel room-temperature susceptometer ». Journal of Hepatology 67, no 3 (septembre 2017) : 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2017.04.019.

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Sarma, Sidananda, et A. Srinivasan. « Development of Co-Ni-Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys with Enhanced Properties ». Materials Science Forum 587-588 (juin 2008) : 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.650.

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Polycrystalline ingots of Co70-xNixGa30 (22 ≤ x ≤ 25) alloys were prepared by a sequence of arc melting high purity Co, Ni and Ga in argon atmosphere, followed by homogenization at 1150°C under a pressure of 10-3 Pa, and quenching in ice water. Structural characterisation of the quenched alloys was carried out to verify the presence of the martensite phase at room temperature. The martensite start (Ms), martensite finish (Mf), austenite start (As) and austenite finish (Af) temperatures for the alloys were determined using a differential scanning calorimeter. The ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition temperature (TC) of the alloys was determined using an indigenously developed ac susceptometer. All the alloys are FSMAs with Ms, Af and TC above room temperature. The composition dependence of the properties of these alloys could be understood on the basis of the e/a (electrons to atom) ratio and the Co/Ni ratio. Presence of γ-phase precipitates along with the β-phase in these alloys enhances the ductility as well as influences the physical properties of these alloys.
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Mueller, J., H. Raisi, V. Rausch, HK Seitz, BK Straub, WF Avrin et S. Mueller. « Room-temperature susceptometry detects mostly hepatocyte iron in iron overload patients ». Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 54, no 08 (16 août 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1587055.

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Xi, Hao, Xiaoshi Qian, Meng-Chien Lu, Lei Mei, Sebastian Rupprecht, Qing X. Yang et Q. M. Zhang. « A Room Temperature Ultrasensitive Magnetoelectric Susceptometer for Quantitative Tissue Iron Detection ». Scientific Reports 6, no 1 (28 juillet 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep29740.

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Mueller, J., H. Raisi, HK Seitz, WF Avrin et S. Mueller. « Non-invasive assessment of hepatic iron in chronic liver disease : First experience with a novel room-temperature susceptometer ». Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 52, no 08 (11 août 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1385992.

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