Bibliographies thématiques / Rooftop Mitigation Strategies

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Rooftop Mitigation Strategies »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Rooftop Mitigation Strategies"

Chen, Bingyin, Weiwen Wang, Yingchang You, Wanxue Zhu, Yutong Dong, Yuepeng Xu, Ming Chang et Xuemei Wang. « Influence of rooftop mitigation strategies on the thermal environment in a subtropical city ». Urban Climate 49 (mai 2023) : 101450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101450.

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Zheng, Yuanfan, et Qihao Weng. « Modeling the Effect of Green Roof Systems and Photovoltaic Panels for Building Energy Savings to Mitigate Climate Change ». Remote Sensing 12, n^o 15 (27 juillet 2020) : 2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12152402.

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Green roofs and rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are two popular mitigation strategies to reduce the net building energy demand and ease urban heat island (UHI) effect. This research tested the potential mitigation effects of green roofs and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on increased buildings energy demand caused by climate change in Los Angeles County, California, USA. The mitigation effects were assessed based on selected buildings that were predicted to be more vulnerable to climate change. EnergyPlus software was used to simulate hourly building energy consumption with the proper settings of PV-green roofs. All buildings with green roofs showed positive energy savings with regard to total energy and electricity. The savings caused by green roofs were positively correlated with three key parameters: Leaf Area Index (LAI), soil depth, and irrigation saturation percentage. Moreover, the majority of the electricity-saving benefits from green roofs were found in the Heating, Ventilation, and Cooling (HVAC) systems. In addition, this study found that green roofs have different energy-saving abilities on different types of buildings with different technologies, which has received little attention in previous studies.

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Oliveira, Rui, Ricardo M. S. F. Almeida, António Figueiredo et Romeu Vicente. « A Case Study on a Stochastic-Based Optimisation Approach towards the Integration of Photovoltaic Panels in Multi-Residential Social Housing ». Energies 14, n^o 22 (15 novembre 2021) : 7615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227615.

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The socioeconomic reality and the energy retrofit potential of the social housing neighbourhoods in Portugal are stimulating challenges to be addressed by research to pursue suitable energy efficient strategies to be integrated into these buildings. Therefore, this study explored a stochastic-based optimisation approach towards the integration of photovoltaic (PV) panels, considering different scenarios that combine the occupancy rate, the internal gains, the envelope refurbishment and the heating system efficiency. The optimisation approach has as its objective the minimisation of the life cycle cost of the photovoltaic system while using a limited space area on the rooftop for its installation. This study allowed concluding that the use of passive measures such as improving the thermal performance of the building envelope is essential to attain a lower optimal-sizing of a photovoltaic installation. The results reveal a decreasing trend in the PV optimal sizing, attaining a reduction up to 30% of the total number of PV panels installed on the sloped rooftop in several scenarios with 50% of occupancy rate. However, the impact can be greater when passive measures are coupled to more efficient heating systems, with higher COP, which result in a decrease up to 64% of the number of PV panels. Thus, the approach proposed is of paramount importance to aid in the decision-making process of design and sizing of photovoltaic installation, highlighting the practical application potential for social housing and a contribution for mitigation of the energy poverty of low-income families that live in these buildings.

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Loibl, Wolfgang, Milena Vuckovic, Ghazal Etminan, Matthias Ratheiser, Simon Tschannett et Doris Österreicher. « Effects of Densification on Urban Microclimate—A Case Study for the City of Vienna ». Atmosphere 12, n^o 4 (17 avril 2021) : 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040511.

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Climate adaptation, mitigation, and protecting strategies are becoming even more important as climate change is intensifying. The impacts of climate change are especially tangible in dense urban areas due to the inherent characteristics of urban structure and materiality. To assess impacts of densification on urban climate and potential adaptation strategies a densely populated Viennese district was modeled as a typical sample area for the city of Vienna. The case study analyzed the large-scale densification potential and its potential effects on microclimate, air flow, comfort, and energy demand by developing 3D models of the area showing the base case and densification scenarios. Three methods were deployed to assess the impact of urban densification: Micro-climate analysis (1) explored urban heat island phenomena, wind pattern analysis (2) investigated ventilation and wind comfort at street level, and energy and indoor climate comfort analysis (3) compared construction types and greening scenarios and analyzed their impact on the energy demand and indoor temperatures. Densification has negative impacts on urban microclimates because of reducing wind speeds and thus weakening ventilation of street canyons, as well as accelerating heat island effects and associated impact on the buildings. However, densification also has daytime cooling effects because of larger shaded areas. On buildings, densification may have negative effects especially in the new upper, sun-exposed floors. Construction material has less impact than glazing area and rooftop greening. Regarding adaptation to climate change, the impacts of street greening, green facades, and green roofs were simulated: The 24-h average mean radiant temperature (MRT) at street level can be reduced by up to 15 K during daytime. At night there is only a slight reduction by a few tenths of 1 K MRT. Green facades have a similar effect on MRT reduction, while green roofs show only a slight reduction by a few tenths of 1 K MRT on street level. The results show that if appropriate measures were applied, negative effects of densification could be reduced, and positive effects could be achieved.

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Heshmat Mohajer, Hamed Reza Heshmat, Lan Ding et Mattheos Santamouris. « Developing Heat Mitigation Strategies in the Urban Environment of Sydney, Australia ». Buildings 12, n^o 7 (25 juin 2022) : 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070903.

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Heat island effects raise the ambient air temperature in metropolitan areas by 4–5 degrees Celsius and can reach 10 degrees Celsius at their maximum. This phenomenon magnifies cities’ energy difficulties while reducing comfort. Mitigation strategies have been developed and recommended to deal with the issue. Methods to increase albedo and the utilisation of vegetation appear to be the most promising, with a reasonably high heat island reduction capacity. This paper examines the heat mitigation techniques and their effectiveness under Sydney’s climate conditions and compares strategies. We implement two perspectives, namely urban greening (green roofs, green pavements) and albedo (street, roof), and characterise urban surface structures, and Envi-met software is employed for our simulation method. Mitigation strategies show a cooling potential of 4.1 °C in temperature along this precinct during the heatwave period. Scenarios that increase high-albedo material on the road, pavements and rooftops and full mitigation show the maximum cooling potential. The mitigation strategies have higher predicted cooling potential on the peak ambient temperature, up to 1.18 °C, while having no or little impact on minimum ambient temperature. The outdoor thermal comfort based on PMV indices varies between a minimum of −0.33 in scenario seven in large layout areas to 3. However, the mitigation scenario presents more acceptable outdoor thermal comfort, but large layouts are predicted to have a hot condition.

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Boulahia, Meskiana, Kahina Amal Djiar et Miguel Amado. « Combined Engineering—Statistical Method for Assessing Solar Photovoltaic Potential on Residential Rooftops : Case of Laghouat in Central Southern Algeria ». Energies 14, n^o 6 (15 mars 2021) : 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061626.

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Solar energy planning becomes crucial to develop adaptive policies ensuring both energy efficiency and climate change mitigation. Cities, particularly building’s rooftops, constitute a promising infrastructure for enabling the use of locale solar resources. This study proposes a combined engineering–statistical methodology to assess the photovoltaic potential of residential rooftops. Using validated algorithms for solar simulation and geographical information system (GIS) for spatial dissemination, the proposed methodology deals with the lack of data and allows an accurate investigation of the geographical and technical potential. Applied to the municipality of Laghouat, the results reveal that suitable rooftops areas for PV installations in the examined typologies were approximately between 18 and 35%. Moreover, the deployment of distributed PV systems on residential rooftops provides significant technical potential, which could cover up to 55% of the annual electricity needs. These original findings offer a realistic assessment of the usable solar potential within municipalities, which helps decision-makers establish energy efficiency strategies by reducing energy consumption and increasing the share of renewable electricity production. Additionally, the discussion offers valuable insight into energy management and investigates eventual energy sharing among residential buildings to achieve a net-zero energy balance at the municipal level.

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Bigurra-Alzati, Carlos Alfredo, Ruperto Ortiz-Gómez, Gabriela A. Vázquez-Rodríguez, Luis D. López-León et Liliana Lizárraga-Mendiola. « Water Conservation and Green Infrastructure Adaptations to Reduce Water Scarcity for Residential Areas with Semi-Arid Climate : Mineral de la Reforma, Mexico ». Water 13, n^o 1 (29 décembre 2020) : 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010045.

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The increasing population and urban sprawl will continue to add significant pressure to natural resources in arid and semi-arid zones. This study evaluates the theoretical effectiveness of adapting resilient strategies such as water conservation and green infrastructure to mitigate the water scarcity faced by the inhabitants of a residential area with a semi-arid climate. Three scenarios were analyzed at a micro-basin level to determine the mitigation of surface runoff and the volume that can be theoretically intercepted for further use: (a) unaltered natural watershed (scenario 1), (b) currently urbanized watershed (scenario 2), and (c) watershed adapted with resilient strategies (scenario 3). For this last scenario, the annual usable volume of rainwater intercepted on the dwelling rooftops was obtained. The runoff and peak flow in the natural watershed were lower than in the other two scenarios. In contrast, a decrease in the runoff was observed in scenario 3 concerning scenario 2, which indicates that the interception of rainwater on house roofs and the adoption of green infrastructure solutions would significantly reduce the diameter of urban drainage pipes required in new developments, as well as the dependency of inhabitants on potable water services. In sites with semi-arid climates, it is possible to take advantage of the rainwater harvested on rooftops and the runoff intercepted through green infrastructure to mitigate local water scarcity problems, which should be considered and adopted in new residential developments.

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Rapisarda, R., F. Nocera, V. Costanzo, C. Sciuto et R. Caponetto. « Preliminary Assessment of the thermal performances of a hydroponic green roof system in a Mediterranean climate ». Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (septembre 2022) : 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.361.

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One of the main goals of building design is indoor comfort, regardless of its use (residential, educational, institutional, etc…). However, to achieve indoor comfort, buildings require a significant amount of energy. In the last decades, designers and researchers have been studying new strategies to improve buildings’ energy efficiency, with the purpose of mitigating the negative environmental impact caused by heavy energy consumption. Green roofs have been one of the most investigated solutions because of the many thermal benefits they can offer, and amongst these, hydroponic green roofs gained momentum. This study aims to analyse the rooftop temperature reduction provided during the hot months by a hydroponic green roof, compared to a traditional roof slab and an extensive green roof, in order to assess the different performances of these systems. In situ experiments were conducted to collect surface temperature of the roof slab during summer, with and without the hydroponic system, in order to assess the potential temperature reduction, which subsequently affects the heat flow through the roof and therefore the indoor air temperature. The results show a significant decrease in the external surface temperature of the roof compared to the bare roof, but also slightly better performance compared to the extensive green roof. Despite first promising results, the knowledge on hydroponic green roofs performance remains limited and some drawbacks need to be assessed. For these reasons, further in situ testing should be carried out, under different climatic conditions and experimental setups.

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Judeh, Tariq, et Isam Shahrour. « Rainwater Harvesting to Address Current and Forecasted Domestic Water Scarcity : Application to Arid and Semi-Arid Areas ». Water 13, n^o 24 (14 décembre 2021) : 3583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243583.

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This paper discusses the effectiveness of rooftops rainwater harvesting (RRWH) in addressing domestic water scarcity, emphasizing the West Bank (Palestine) as an example of arid to semi-arid areas with limited water resources. The paper deals with the actual and future water demand by considering climate-change impact and urban growth. The analysis is based on the evaluation of (i) the supply–demand balance index (SDBI), which designates the ratio between the total water supply (TWS) and total water demand (TWD), and (ii) the potential of RRWH. Applying this methodology to the West Bank shows that the potential RRWH can contribute by about 40 million cubic meters/year in 2020, which is approximately the same amount of water as the municipal water supply (42 million cubic meters/year). This contribution can effectively reduce the suffering governorates from 64% to 27% in 2020. Furthermore, it can support water-related decision-makers in the arid to semi-arid areas in formulating efficient and sustainable water resources strategies. The analysis also shows that the domestic water scarcity in 2050 will be worse than in 2020 for all governorates. For example, 73% of the West Bank governorates are expected to suffer from extreme to acute water scarcity in 2050 compared to 64% in 2020. Thus, RRWH appears to be highly efficient in mitigating the current and future domestic water scarcity in the West Bank.

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Zonato, A., A. Martilli, E. Gutierrez, F. Chen, C. He, M. Barlage, D. Zardi et L. Giovannini. « Exploring the Effects of Rooftop Mitigation Strategies on Urban Temperatures and Energy Consumption ». Journal of Geophysical Research : Atmospheres 126, n^o 21 (9 novembre 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021jd035002.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Rooftop Mitigation Strategies"

Alam, M. J. E., K. M. Muttaqi et D. Sutanto. « Effectiveness of traditional mitigation strategies for neutral current and voltage problems under high penetration of rooftop PV ». Dans 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesmg.2013.6672778.

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