Thèses sur le sujet « RMIS »

The main objective of this work is to inform the reader of the communication protocols Modbus TCP and Modbus RTU and create an embedded device based on the microprocessor STM32 capable of conversion between Modbus RTU and Modbus TCP protocols. The device should be capable of simple first run configuration with simple user interface.

Este trabalho propõe um novo paradigma de Rede Neural Artificial (RNA): A Rede Morfológica Não-Supervisionada (RMNS), caracterizada por aprendizagem não-supervisionada. Este paradigma pertence a uma classe de redes invariantes a translação e está baseada na Morfologia Matemática (MM), e nos modelos de rede ART de Carpenter e Grossberg, e na rede de Kohonen. Em tempo de ativação, o operador de casamento é implementado utilizando os operadores elementares da MM. Este operador propicia detecção de padrões robusta em relação a ruídos aditivos ou subtrativos, e/ou pequenas rotações dos padrões a serem reconhecidos. No que concerne ao treinamento, a RMNS utiliza uma variação da regra de aprendizagem de Kohonen, e um sistema de reset inspirado no modelo ART proposto por Carpenter e Grossberg.
This work proposes a new paradigm of Artificial Neural Net (RNA): The Unsupervised Morphologic Net (RMNS), characterized by unsupervised learning. This paradigm belongs to a class of translation invariant nets and it is based on of Mathematical Morphology (MM), Carpenter and Grossberg's ART, and Kohonen net models. At activation time, the template matching operator is implemented using translation invariant MM elementary operators. This operator propitiates a robust pattern detection with respect to addictive or subtractive noise, and/or for small rotations of the patterns to be recognized. In what it concerns to the training, the RMNS uses a Kohonen learning rule variation and a reset system inspired in the ART model proposed by Carpenter and Grossberg.

This work presents sufficient conditions for analysis of asymptotic and exponential stability of a class of artificial neural network (ANN) subject to constant or timevarying delays and polytope-bounded uncertainties.The approaches proposed is the type of delay-dependent and the methodology is based on four points: the selection of slack matrices that express the influence of the Newton-Leibniz condition; the appropriate definition of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals; the use of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and the use of tools of convex optimization to solve problems described in LMI terms. Several examples are presented that corroborate with the theory presented of analysis of the stability of ANN with time-varying delay.
Este trabalho apresenta condições suficientes para análise de estabilidade assintótica e exponencial de uma classe de RNAs (Redes Neurais Artificiais) sujeitas a influência de retardo no tempo (constante ou variante) e/ou sujeitas a incertezas paramétricas do tipo politópicas.A abordagem apresentada é do tipo dependente do retardo, sendo que a metodologia é baseada: no uso de matrizes de relaxação para expressar a influência dos termos da fórmula de Leibniz-Newton; definição apropriada de funcionais do tipo Lyapunov-Krasovskii; desigualdades matriciais lineares (LMIs - do inglês, Linear Matrix Inequalities) e ferramentas de otimização convexa para solucionarproblemas formulados em termos de LMIs. Vários exemplos são apresentados, que corroboram com a teoria apresentada de análise de estabilidade de RNA com retardo no tempo.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1985 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada
Research and Test Activities have a continuing need to cope with more and more channels of data and at continually wider data bandwidths. There is a consensus in the test community that compressed EU and derived parameter data presented in realtime can significantly reduce total test costs because test engineers can make realtime judgements on the validity of a given test point (mode). Classical telemetry preprocessors usually cannot handle these more demanding realtime processing requirements because, when they were designed, it was assumed that raw data was in a single PCM word and only a simple mx+b EU conversion, or simple data compression was required. Present preprocessors typically use special bit slice technology to speed up the realtime process and they’re only one or two bus systems whose processing capacity is typically less than 300k to 400k parameters per second. Furthermore, many cannot handle word concatenation (except for adjacent PCM words) and none can handle complex derived parameters such as thrust, lift, gross weight, center of gravity, stall speed, harmonic analysis, etc. To address these limitations, a massively parallel computer system has been developed based on up to sixty, general purpose, 1MFLOP floating point computers operating in parallel to support realtime processing of any type, at aggregate throughputs up to 1.5 Mwps. This system can merge realtime data from up to eight different asynchronous sources having word rates up to 2.0 Mwps from any source. Up to 32,768 different parameters can be accepted as inputs with an additional 32,768 ID tags available for concatenated and derived parameter identification. A powerful realtime software package permits the user of the computer system to apply any, or many algorithms) to any or an parameters being processed.

Distributed object computing refers to allowing objects to be distributed across a network. These objects may be distributed across a number of different computers and across networks.This thesis presents a popular distributed object architecture, Remote Method Invocation (RMI). As RMI works on a Java framework, it provides the same features Java provides. Its portability, ability to transport objects as a whole, and power to connect to existing as well as legacy systems makes a strong choice amongst other competing technologies. Needless to say, the transport of objects across systems brings along with it the necessity for a strong security framework.The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a widely popular protocol that currently provides the secure framework RMI needs. Most e-commerce applications these days run over SSL. However, SSL may not the right choice for every application requiring a security backbone. The motivation behind this thesis lies in this thought. The Secure Remote Password Protocol (SRP) provides a secure, simple and fast approach for providing client authentication. An attempt has been made to build a new infrastructure using SRP. The infrastructure that has been developed can provide authentication and privacy, as well as maintain message integrity. One such application domain is mobile computing. In this era where data is required to be accessible from anywhere and everywhere, mobile computing is a growing area. Again, due to the use of mobile agents in this area, security plays an important role. The security mechanism provided needs to be fast and simple and at the same time provide strong security. The new security overlay developed has been proposed as a possible solution.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rmi1 protein is a component of the highly conserved Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 complex, which is required for the maintenance of genome stability. The rmi1Δ deletion mutant has proven difficult to study because it exhibits very poor growth, and rapidly accumulates second site suppressor mutations. Furthermore, deletion of the putative HJ resolvase genes, MUS81-MUS81 or SLX1-SLX4 in rmi1Δ mutants causes synthetic lethality. In order to study phenotypes caused by loss of functional Rmi1, and to explore the genetic interactions between RMI1 and the MUS81, MUS81, SLX1 and SLX4 genes, a temperature sensitive mutant of RMI1 was isolated, named rmi1-1. Similar to rmi1Δ deletion mutants, rmi1-1 cells are highly sensitive to the DNA damaging agent, MMS and the replication inhibitor, HU. In addition, rmi1-1 mutants accumulate replication-associated branched DNA structures, and arrest in G₂/M after a transient exposure to MMS. These cells are proficient in DNA damage checkpoint activation. Deletion of SLX1, SLX4, MUS81 or MUS81 in the rmi1-1 strain causes synthetic lethality, which is associated with cell cycle defects. Following a transient exposure to MMS, rmi1-1 mutants accumulate homologous recombination intermediates. These intermediates are slowly resolved at the restrictive temperature, revealing a redundant resolution activity in the absence of functional Rmi1. This resolution depends upon Mus81-Mms4, but not on Slx1-Slx4 or Yen1. I propose that while the Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 complex constitutes the main pathway for removal of homologous recombination intermediates following a perturbed S-phase, Mus81-Mms4 can act as a back up for resolution of these intermediates, which most likely represent double Holliday junctions. In this study, I also present screens for high copy suppressors of rmi1-1 phenotypes, and for novel Rmi1 interaction partners.

The focus of this work is the theoretical and experimentell descreption of so-called Reactive Multilayer Systems (RMS). The RMS consist of at least two mostly metallic materials, which can exothermic response with each other. Using magnetron sputter deposition (MSD) several hundred to thousands alternating layers are produced. The periodic thickness varies between 10-150 nm and the total thickness between 10-100 µ m . The exotermic reaction is effected by an activation energy, e.g. with an electric spark. In this case a phase transition of the RMS materials, which are in a metastable equilibrium, will take place. This released energy in the shape of heat, which actvates the reaction in the neighboring areas. It forms a self-sustaining thermal wave through the RMS foil. In this case the amount of energy is present, that a solder on the RMS or the joining samples or even the material itself can be melted. Therefore the RMS can be used as a heat source for joining two components. The major advantage of this technology is the very low heat input in the bonding components, due to the milliseconds of the reaction. Thus the components are heated only superfical and there is no structural damage. Thus a very low-stress joining is possible. Furthermore is guaranteed, because of the metallic materials, a very high electrical and thermal conductivity. For the theoretical characterization of the physical and chemical processes within the RMS FEM-Simulations of the absolut temperature and the propagation velocity are preformed. In order to calculate the tmeperature ditribution in the components a new method will presented. It is thus possible to calculate the temperature penetration of the components to determine potential thermal barrier layer-thickness and the meltig time. Thus parameters for the specific joint problem such as period thickness, etc. of the RMS are derived. Modelling the heat transport after joining with RMS it is possible to derive a corralation between the thermal conductivity and shear strength. To quantify the theoretical results and to require certain parameters for the calculations experiments were preformed. The RMS will be investigated experimentally in terms of their enthalpy H , propagation velocity v , nascent temperature, melting time t schmelz , interdiffusion zone w , phase transition and its use as inovative heat source for joining components. The experimental results are compared with the theortical and complet this work.

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática
Os avanços registados recentemente ao nível do hardware tornaram possível melhorar a performance e eficiência da aplicações em geral através da computação paralela. Com este aumento dos recursos disponíveis, os sistemas computacionais evoluíram no sentido de exigir uma maior fiabilidade, disponibilidade e tolerância a falhas arbitrárias (bizantinas). Um componente que exiba comportamentos bizantinos, continua a responder aos pedidos, mas a produzir valores incorrectos. A detecção deste tipo de falhas é um processo complexo, uma vez que estas podem permanecer dormentes durante longos períodos de tempo. A solução passa por implementar algoritmos de tolerância a falhas bizantinas (BFT) robustos, baseados em replicação e em protocolos de consenso que, no entanto, têm um impacto negativo no desempenho. De entre as técnicas que podemos aplicar para limitar esta perda, existem duas que queremos salientar: a introdução de operações concorrentes nos servidores e a utilização de execução especulativa. O mecanismo de invocações remotas da linguagem Java (RMI) permite transportar para as aplicações distribuídas o modelo de programação das aplicações não distribuí- das. Este mecanismo é suportado por uma arquitectura cliente/servidor que, apesar de apresentar uma boa performance, torna estas aplicações pouco tolerantes a falhas. Assim, o nosso objectivo é introduzir tolerância a falhas bizantinas em aplicações RMI, através de um mecanismo de replicação implícito. Para testar o nosso trabalho, efectuámos testes utilizando o JNFS, um sistema de ficheiros distribuído implementado sobre RMI. Os resultados permitem concluir que o uso de execução especulativa minimiza o impacto dos algoritmos de tolerância a falhas bizantinas.
Fundação para a Ciênciafe Tecnologia (FCT/MCTES)- projecto Byzantium (PTDC/EIA/74325/2006)e projecto RepComp (PTDC/EIA-EIA/108963/2008)

Práce porovnává možnosti přístupu a zabezpečení dvou komunikačních rozhraní: SOAP a RMI. SOAP představuje protokol pro komunikaci v distribuovaných aplikacích (používaný ve Web Services) a práce se zabývá jeho popisem a možnostmi zabezpečení v prostředí internetu. V druhé části se práce zabývá protokolem RMI a jeho možnostmi komunikace JRMP nebo IIOP protokol a též možnostmi zabezpečení. V závěru práce je shrnutí poznatků a krátké srovnání těchto dvou přístupů ke komunikaci v distribuovaných systémech.

The Conditional Reasoning Test-Relative Motive Strength (CRT-RMS; James, 1998) has shown to be a psychometrically reliable and valid approach for measuring implicit motives and biases in United States and European contexts (James&Rentsch, 2004; Mot, 2003). Extended from previous research, the current study demonstrated the utility of the CRT-RMS with a sample of 186 college students in Korea. The results showed a significant association between the CRT-RMS scores and Korean college students' grade point average. Korean samples also supported the dissociative model in relating with self-report measures. Additionally, mean score differences on implicit and explicit measures of achievement motivation between Korean and US samples provided meaningful information. Implications of cross-culturally valid implicit measures are discussed.

Le proto-oncogene aviaire c-rmil est un nouveau membre de la famille des proteines mil/raf, a activite serine/threonine kinase. Lors de passages successifs du surnageant des cellules neuroretine, infectees par le rav-1, une partie de ce gene a ete transduite par les virus ic10 et ic11. Nous demontrons ici, que les virus ic10 et ic11 sont apparus successivement au cours de la transduction. Nous presentons l'organisation de la partie codante du gene c-rmil de poule. Cette partie s'etend sur environ 100 kpb d'adn genomique et elle est constituee de 19 exons d'une taille, qui varie entre 37 et 264 pb. Nous avons mis en evidence a l'extremite 5 du gene deux exons codants, qui n'ont pas encore ete identifies chez les autres genes de cette famille. Nous avons egalement identifie un exon alternatif. Enfin, l'obtention d'un serum anti-rmil nous a permis d'identifier les proteines v-rmil dans les cellules neuroretine, ainsi qu'une proteine cellulaire de 94 kda

In this paper we study the error behavior of the well known fast Fourier transform for nonequispaced data (NFFT) with respect to the L2-norm. We compare the arising errors for different window functions and show that the accuracy of the algorithm can be significantly improved by modifying the shape of the window function. Based on the considered error estimates for different window functions we are able to state an easy and efficient method to tune the involved parameters automatically. The numerical examples show that the optimal parameters depend on the given Fourier coefficients, which are assumed not to be of a random structure or roughly of the same magnitude but rather subject to a certain decrease.

Evolution is continuous and as a result, developments in semiconductors are endless. This led to the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) converter termed as HVDC light. HVDC light is quite preferable because of its pros in the technology used as well as the application it is used for. For instance, the VSC technology allows independent control of the real and reactive power and has reduced short circuit current. HVDC light are used in applications such as wind power integration, offshore power supply, underground transmission and in enhancing connected AC networks. It is vital that the control system in HVDC ensures the stability of the system and the power flow between the AC and DC systems. This is done by determining the instant at which the IGBT’s are fired in the converterstations (at both rectifier and inverter). ABB has developed RMS (using sequence components and phasors) control system based on the actual control system in a fully graphical programming language tool known as Hidraw. This RMS control has been implemented in other simulation software such as Netomac, Power factory and PSS/E. the RMS control Model is named by ABB as Common Component. The thesis aims at implementing an RMS control Model in an EMT (Electro Magnetic Transient Tools) simulation, carried out at the department of High Voltage Direct Current at ABB, Ludvika. The RMS control Model is a developed power system control and protection model which uses a simplified representation of areal time control system. When implemented, the RMS control model results are then compared with the detailed control representation implemented in PSCAD. The thesis is a result of ABB’s innovative ideas in implementing the RMS control model called Common Component into various other simulation tools of different compatibility that enables the control system to be exercised and exploited to its fullest. It also gives the prospect in developing the control system to ensure the electrical system is more efficient. The control system implemented in the EMT tool will enable developing better EMT models. The Common Component is developed but has not been implemented in PSCAD. There has been no reference to such work being carried out. Hence no reference has been referred to specific to the main work. Currently the EMT tool uses a detailed representation that shares the same code as the actual control system, MACHTM (Modular Advanced Control for HVDC) [9] control system. The implementation of Common Component in PSCAD requires an interface between them to pass the necessary parameters between them. The Common Component is developed in C++ and FORTRAN while PSCAD uses FORTRAN and hence proper interface in C++ is developed. Thereafter the electrical model representing one HVDC station (rectifier) is modelled in PSCAD. Four electrical models are implemented, described and evaluated to achieve proper control in the electrical system. The electrical models are operated in STATCOM (Static synchronous compensator) mode, where either reactive power or AC Voltage Control can be used. The model is run in reactive power control mode and the system is studied along with the control system for the required control. Model 4 gives more accurate results compared with the other models. There is better reactive power control in monitoring the PCC (point of common Coupling) and converter bus of the HVDC system. Since the Common Component is a simplified representation of the MACH [9] control system, it can behanded over to third parties without IP concerns. A simplified representation also gives the advantage of reduced simulation time. The electrical model can be further extended for both the converter stations and assessed for other control modes such as real power, dc voltage control and ac voltage control. Also the model needs to be further investigated on its behavior when subjected to faults.
Utveckling är kontinuerlig och det betyder att även utvecklingen av halvledare är oändlig. Det har lett till att en Voltage Source Converter (VSC) baserad High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) omvandlare som kallas HVDC Light har skapats. HVDC light är att föredra på grund av dess fördelar i den teknik som används samt applikationerna den används för. Till exempel så tillåter VSC tekniken oberoende kontroll av den verkliga och reaktiva effekten och har minskat kortslutningsströmen. HVDC Light används i applikationer så som vindkraftintegration, offshore strömförsörjning, markkabelöverföring och för att förbättra anslutna växelströmsnät.    Styrsystemet i HVDC säkerställer stabiliteten i systemet och kraftflödet mellan AC- och DC-system. Detta görs genom att bestämma det ögonblick då IGBT tänds i strömriktarstationerna (både likriktare och växelriktare). ABB har utvecklat ett RMS (med sekvenskomponenter och fasvektorer) styrsystem baserat på det faktiska styrsystemet i ett helt grafiskt programmeringsverktyg som kallas Hidraw. Denna RMS-kontroll har implementerats i andra simuleringsprogram såsom Netomac, Powerfactory och PSS/E. ABB kallar sin RMS-kontroll för Common Component.   Avhandlingen syftar till att implementera en RMS-styrsystemsmodell i en EMT (Electro Magnetic Transient Tools) simulering som utförs vid institutionen för högspänd likström vid ABB, Ludvika. RMS-styrsystemsmodellen är ett befintligt utvecklat styr- och skyddssystem som använder en förenklad representation av det verkliga styrsystemet. När det implementerats jämförs resultaten från RMS-modelen med detaljerade styrsystemsrepresentationer som genomförts i PSCAD.    Avhandlingen är ett resultat av ABBs innovativa idéer att implementera Common Component i olika simuleringsverktyg, trots deras olikheter, vilket gör det möjligt att prova och utvärdera styrsystemet maximalt. Det ger också utvecklingspotential för effektiviteten i kraftnäten. Att implementera styrsystemet i ett EMT-verktyg ger även bättre kunskap om att utveckla bättre EMT modeller.   Common Component är redan utvecklad men har inte blivit implementerad i PSCAD. Det finns inga referenser till att något sådant arbete har utförts. Därför har inga sådana referenser tagits upp i rapporten. För närvarande så använder EMT verktyget en detaljerad styrsystemsrepresentation som delar samma kodbas som det verkliga styrsystemet, MACHTM (Modular Advanced Control for HVDC) [9].   Implemeteringen av Common Component i PSCAD kräver att gränssnitt mellan de båda kan överföra nödvändiga parametrar. Common Component är utvecklat i C++ och FORTRAN, PSCAD använder FORTRAN. För att kommunikationen mellan de två verktygen ska fungera har ett gränssnitt utvecklats i C++. Den elektriska modell som representerar en HVDC station (likriktaren) har tagits fram i PSCAD. Totalt har fyra olika elektriska modeller implementerats, beskrivits och utvärderats för att hitta en optimal representation.   Implemeteringen av Common Component i PSCAD kräver att gränssnitt mellan de båda kan överföra nödvändiga parametrar. Common Component är utvecklat i C++ och FORTRAN, PSCAD använder FORTRAN. För att kommunikationen mellan de två verktygen ska fungera har ett gränssnitt utvecklats i C++. Den elektriska modell som representerar en HVDC station (likriktaren) har tagits fram i PSCAD. Totalt har fyra olika elektriska modeller implementerats, beskrivits och utvärderats för att hitta en optimal representation.

Carbon monoxide (CO), synonymous of the "silent killer", is rapidly emerging as an important and versatile mediator of physiological processes. The study of CO has been hampered by the lack of a means to simulate its release biologically. Current means to replicate the effects of CO include, most notably, the use of CO gas and upregulation of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to generate endogenous CO. Both are limited in their approach and offer only a partial solution. The recent discovery that certain transition metal carbonyls function as CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) in biological systems highlighted the potential of exploiting this and similar classes of compounds as a stratagem to deliver CO for research and therapeutic purposes. Initially a large portfolio of CO-RMs was investigated to determine their CO releasing capability. This thesis examines a number of aspects related to the characterisation of a core group of CO-RMs including: a) CORM-3, the prototypic water soluble transition metal carbonyl b) CORM-A1, a water soluble CO-RM without a metal centre c) CORM-319, an iron based water soluble CO-RM and d) CORM-311, an ethanol soluble iron centred CO-RM. Specifically, the study will examine CO-RMs for their ability to: i) release CO ii) suppress LPS-induced nitrite production iii) promote toxicity iv) induce haem oxygenase (HO) activity and HO-1 expression and v) modulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. These different aspects of CO-RM characterisation were addressed using biochemical, molecular biology and cell culture techniques. Further work was also carried out determining certain chemical aspects of each CO-RM including the decomposition rate and pH/temperature stability. The study into the CO release of the new CO-RMs emphasizes the versatile potential of the metal carbonyl complexes and related compounds. This research on CO-RMs will help lay the foundations for a novel therapeutic agent based on the delivery of safe and controlled quantities of CO.

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O objetivo central deste trabalho é analisar Lauro de Freitas como Cidade Metropolitana, suas relações com a Região Metropolitana de Salvador e sua especialização funcional, priorizando o aprofundamento na qualidade de vida de seus moradores. Para alcançar tal objetivo, resgatamos aspectos ligados à constituição do modelo de Região Metropolitana no Brasil, assim como o acompanhamento do atual modelo. Sob essa perspectiva, realizamos um aprofundamento sobre a qualidade de vida das Cidades Nordestinas com melhores índices de IDH. Analisamos, também, a Região Metropolitana de Salvador sob aspectos ligados à qualidade de vida dos seus moradores, assim como sua arrecadação tributária, renda municipal e emprego. No decorrer do trabalho, encontramos uma Cidade Metropolitana em pleno processo de urbanização, assim como qualquer outra cidade do país. Contudo, evidenciamos a constituição de uma especialização funcional do seu espaço. Essa especialização funcional tem incrementado, operativamente, três tipos de “negócios” específicos sobre seu espaço: condomínios horizontais voltados para as classes média e alta; comércio e serviços voltados à construção civil e jardinagem; e, por fim, o desenvolvimento de instituições de ensino superior. Essa especialização funcional vem corroborando para o desenvolvimento sócio-espacial da cidade e acreditamos que, se bem instrumentalizada, terá uma importante contribuição no desenvolvimento da cidade metropolitana de Lauro de Freitas.
ABSTRACT The main object of this work is to analyze Lauro de Freitas as a Metropolitan City, its relation with the metropolitan region of Salvador and its functional specialization, aiming the life quality of its residents. To reach this objective, rescuing aspects of a Metropolitan Region’s model constitution in Brazil, such as following the current model. According to it, it was performed deepening about life quality of northern cities with the best indices of IDH. It was also analyzed the metropolitan city of Salvador about aspects of the quality life of the residents, such as collection tax, municipal income and employment. During this work a Metropolitan City was found in a urbanization process as any other city of the country, however, it was evidenced a constitution of a functional specialization of this space. This functional specialization has developed three types of specific “business” about its space, such as: horizontal properties to the high and medium society, - commercial service, civil construction and gardening – and finally, the development of college institution. This functional specialization is increasing the city socio-spacial development, and we believe that it will have an import contribution to the development of the metropolitan city Lauro de Freitas.

From our experience, RMI-based frameworks and in general all frameworks supplying distributed computation seem to have some troubles. We detected at least three problems related to their flexibility and applicability. Most of them lack in flexibility. Their main duty consists in providing a friendly environment suitable for simply realizing distributed computations. Unfortunately, interaction policies are hardwired in the framework. If it is not otherwise foreseen, it is a hard job to change, for example, how messages are marshaled|unmarshaled, or the dispatching algorithm which the framework adopts. Some frameworks provide some limited mechanism to redefine such details but their flexibility is limited from the possibility that the designer has foreseen. Distributed algorithms are imbued in the applicative code breaking the well-known software engineering requirement termed as separation of concerns. Some programming languages like Java mask remote interactions (i.e., remote method or procedure call) as local calls rendering their presence transparent to the programmer. However their management, -- i.e., tuning the needed environment to rightly carry out remote computations, and synchronizing involved objects -- is not so transparent and easily maskable to the programmer. Such a behavior hinders the distributed algorithms reuse. Object-oriented distributed programming is not distributed object-oriented programming. It is an hard job to write object-oriented distributed applications based on information managed by several separated entities. Algorithms originally designed as a whole, have to be scattered among several entities and no one of these entities directly knows the whole algorithm. This fact improves the complexity of the code that the programmer has to write because (s)he has to extend the original algorithm with statements for synchronizing and for putting in touch all the remote objects involved in the computation. Moreover the scattering of the algorithm among several objects contrasts with the object-oriented philosophy which states that data and algorithms managing them are encapsulated into the same entity, because each object can't have a global view of any data it manages, thus we could say that this approach lacks of global view. The lack of global view forces the programmer to strictly couple two or more distributed object. A reflective approach, as stated in [19], can be considered as the glue sticking together distributed and object-oriented programming and filling the gaps in their integration. Reflection improves flexibility, allows developers to provide their own solutions to communication problems, and keeps communication code separated from the application code, and completely encapsulated into the meta-level. Hence reflection could help to solve most of the troubles we detected. Reflection permits to expose implementation details of a systems, i.e., in our case allows to expose the interaction policies. It also permits to easily manipulate them. A reflective approach also permits to easily separate the interaction management from the applicative code. Using reflection and some syntactic sugar for masking the remote calls we can achieve a good separation of concerns also in distributed environments. Thanks to such considerations a lot of distributed reflective middleware have been developed. Their main goal consists both in overcoming the lacking of flexibility and in decoupling the interaction code from the applicative code. By the way, reflective distributed middlewares exhibit the same troubles detected in the distributed middlewares. They still fail in considering each remote invocation in terms of the entity involved in the communication (i.e., the client, the server, the message and so on) and not as a single entity. Hence the global view requirement is not achieved. This is due to the fact that most of the meta-models that have been presented so far and used to design the existing reflective middlewares are object-based models. In these models, every object is associated to a meta-object, which traps the messages sent to the object and implements the behavior of that invocation. Such a meta-models inherit the trouble of the lack of global view from the object-oriented methodology which encapsulates the computation orthogonally to the communication. Hence, these approaches are not appropriate to handle all the aspects of distributed computing. In particular adopting an object-based model to monitor distributed communications, the meta-programmer often has to duplicate the base-level communication graph into the meta-level augmenting the meta-program complexity. Thus, object-based approaches to reflection on communications move the well- known problem [47] of nonfunctional code intertwined to functional one from the base- to the meta-level. Simulating a base-level communication into the meta-level allows to perform meta-computations either related sending or receiving action, but not related to the whole communication or which involve information owned both by the sender and by the receiver without dirty tricks. This trouble goes under the name of global view lacking. Besides, object-based reflective approaches and their reflective middlewares based on them allow only to carry out global changes to the mechanisms responsible for message dispatching, neglecting the management of each single message. Hence they fail to differentiate the meta-behavior related to each single exchanged message. In order to apply a different meta-behavior to either each or group of exchanged messages the meta-programmer has to write the meta-program planning a specific meta-behavior for each kind of incoming message. Unfortunately, in this way the size of the meta-program grows to the detriment of its readability, and of its maintenance. Due to such a consideration, a crucial issue of opening a RMI-based framework consists in choosing a good meta-model which permits to go around the global view lacking, and to differentiate the meta-behavior for each exchanged message. From the problem analysis we have briefly presented we learned that in order to solve the drawbacks of the RMI-based framework we have to provide an open RMI mechanism, i.e., a reflective RMI mechanism, which exposes its details to be manipulated by the meta-program and allows the meta-program to manage each communication separately and as a single entity. The main goal of this work consists in designing such a mechanism using a reflective approach. To render the impact of reflection on object-oriented distributed framework effective, and to obtain a complete separation of concern, we need new models and frameworks especially designed for communication-oriented reflection, i.e., we need a reflective approach suitable for RMI-based communication which allows meta-programmer to enrich, manipulate and replace each remote method invocation and its semantics with a new one. That is, we need to encapsulate message exchanging into a single logical meta-object instead of scattering any relevant information related to it among several meta-objects and mimicking the real communication with one defined by the meta-programmer among such meta-objects as it is done using traditional approaches. To fulfill this commitment we designed a new model, called multi-channel reification model [5]. The multi-channel reification model is based on the idea of considering a method call as a message sent through a logical channel established among a set of objects requiring a service, and a set of objects providing such a service. This logical channel is reified into a logical object called multi-channel, which monitors message exchange and enriches the underlying communication semantics with new features used for the performed communication. Each multi- channel can be viewed as an interface established among the senders and the receivers of the messages. Each multi-channel is characterized by its behavior, termed kind, and the receivers, which it is connected to. multi-channel ≡ (kind, receiver¹, ⋯, receiverⁿ) Thanks to this multi-channel's characterization it is possible to connect several multi-channels to the same group of objects. In such a case, each multi-channel will be characterized by a different kind and will filter different patterns of messages. This model permits to design an open RMI-based mechanism which potentially overcomes the previously exposed problems. In this way, each communication channel is reified into a meta-entity. Such a meta-entity has a complete access to all details related to the communications it filters, i.e. the policies related to both the sender, and the receivers side, and, of course, the messages it filters. A channel realizes a close meta-system with respect to the communications. It encapsulates all base-level aspect related to the communication providing the global view feature. Of course, this model keeps all the properties covered by the other reflective models, such as transparency and separation of concerns. Hence the approach also guarantees to go around the problems already solved using reflection. Protocols and other realizative stuff are exposed to the meta-programmer manipulations, and the remote method invocation management is completely separated from the applicative code. Moreover through the kind mechanism we can differentiate the behavior which is applied to a specified pattern of messages. So a set of multi-channels (each one with a different kind) can be associated to the same communication channel. Each channel will operate to a different set of messages. In this way the channel's code is related to a unique behavior it indiscriminately has to apply to all the messages it filters. mChaRM [22] is a framework developed by the authors which opens the RMI mechanism supplied by Java. This framework supplies a development and run-time environment based on the multi-channel reification model. Multi-channels will be developed in Java, and the underlying mChaRM framework will dynamically realize the context switching and the causal connection link. A beta version of mChaRM, documentations and examples are available from: http://cazzola.di.unimi.it/mChaRM.html Such a system provided RMI-based programming environment. The supplied RMI mechanism is multi-cast (i.e., supplies a mechanism to remotely invoke a method of several servers), open (the RMI mechanism is fully customizable through reflection), and globally aware of its aspects. Some example of application are also provide.

Le retrovirus de lymphomatose aviaire rav-1, dont le genome est depourvu d'oncogene, induit la multiplication des cellules quiescentes de neuroretine d'embyon de poule. Cette proliferation n'est observee qu'apres un delai de plusieurs semaines dans une minorite de cellules. Par passages repetes des surnageants de cellules en proliferation sur des nouvelles cultures, plusieurs virus mitogenes ayant transduit un oncogene cellulaire, ont ete isoles au cours des passages precoces et tardifs. Dans une experience, le gene transduit est l'oncogene c-mil. Dans une autre experience, le gene transduit est un nouvel oncogene appele v-rmil en raison d'une forte homologie avec c-mil. La caracterisation moleculaire des virus ic1, ic2 et ic3 contenant le gene mil, et des virus ic10 et ic11 contenant le gene rmil, a permis de mettre en evidence des mecanismes communs de transduction in vitro de ces genes par le rav-1. La constitution des virus ic2, ic3 et ic11 isoles aux passages precoces, passe par une etape d'epissage entre la sequence leader du rav-1 et un exon de l'oncogene. Au cours des passages suivants, les virus ic2 et ic11 recombinent avec le rav-1 pour constituer les virus ic1 et ic10 contenant des sequences du gene gag fusionnees a l'oncogene. Le gene v-rmil transduit dans ic10 et ic11 derive d'un gene cellulaire, le gene c-rmil, exprime preferentiellement dans le tissu nerveux. Ce gene code pour deux proteines resultant d'un epissage alternatif et possedant les 3 regions conservees dans les genes de la famille mil/raf. La plus forte homologie se trouve dans le domaine a activite serine/threonine kinase. Par contre, les proteines c-rmil se distinguent des autres proteines mil/raf dans leur portion nh2-terminmale

Master of Science
Statistics
Christopher Vahl
When exploring data, predictive analytics techniques have proven to be effective. In this report, the efficiency of several predictive analytics methods are explored. During the time of this study, Kaggle.com, a data science competition website, had the predictive modeling competition, "Titanic: Machine Learning from Disaster" available. This competition posed a classification problem to build a predictive model to predict the survival of passengers on the RMS Titanic. The focus of our approach was on applying a traditional classification and regression tree algorithm. The algorithm is greedy and can over fit the training data, which consequently can yield non-optimal prediction accuracy. In efforts to correct such issues with using the classification and regression tree algorithm, we have implemented cost complexity pruning and ensemble methods such as bagging and random forests. However, no improvement was observed here which may be an artifact associated with the Titanic data and may not be representative of those methods’ performances. The decision trees and prediction accuracy of each method are presented and compared. Results indicate that the predictors sex/title, fare price, age, and passenger class are the most important variables in predicting survival of the passengers.

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A dinâmica do novo mundo rural e o seu reflexo na RMS? (Região Metropolitana de Salvador) é um trabalho que tem como propósito analisar o papel da agricultura familiar e a contribuição da reforma agrária para o processo de desenvolvimento rural sustentável no mundo rural baiano. Essas abordagens são elucidadas na perspectiva de que os centros urbanos baianos possam se tornar vítimas do processo de esvaziamento da zona rural. Nesse aspecto, ao longo do trabalho é dado enfoque sobre os impactos sociais decorrentes do desemprego da mão-de-obra agrícola baiana e do conseqüente êxodo rural. O objetivo ao elaborá-lo foi verificar se o desenvolvimento rural incentiva as pessoas a permanecerem no campo, possibilitando a redução do fluxo de migrantes que muitas vezes vão habitar as periferias e as favelas. Observa-se nas pesquisas realizadas por Machado, Schmitz e Paula que as ocupações não-agrícolas têm-se tornado cada vez mais presentes na zona rural. Ao mostrar por meio de estudos reais que a composição da renda rural vem mudando consideravelmente, busca-se ressaltar a importância dessas atividades para a redução do fluxo migratório que vêem para as grandes cidades. Esse processo dá fôlego aos centros urbanos para que resolvam ou pelo menos amenizem o problema do subemprego acumulado. Para tanto, tem-se como objeto de estudo a estrutura e a formação de renda de famílias pluriativas, afim de revelar os principais tipos de atividades que empregam e/ ou ocupam as diversas unidades de trabalho familiar (UTf), bem como suas respectivas rendas. De posse dessas informações, utiliza-se a metodologia análise-diagnóstico de sistemas agrários, que vem sendo adotada desde 1995 pelo Projeto de Cooperação Técnica firmado entre o Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária e a Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação. Ela consiste num instrumento de apoio dos profissionais que atuam na elaboração de diagnósticos para diferentes microrregiões de um país. Através destes, identificam-se os principais problemas que as famílias rurais enfrentam, e se estabelecem diretrizes para o desenvolvimento rural local mais coerentes com a necessidade de cada região.
Salvador

Fractures in carbonate strata are often associated with dissolution features such as karst cavities along the fracture plane. Integration of full resolution 3D GPR data and outcrop observation allows the visualization and quantification of fractures and karst cavites in three dimensions. Three 3D GPR cubes were acquired in the Solvay quarry, Provence region, SE France. The quarry exposes an intensly fractured and karstified shallow-water Barremian carbonates with matrix porosity less than 1.8%. The quarry walls provide the 2D information of the fractures (location, type, orientation, dip, length, aperture, spacing and stratigraphic position) and the karst (location, size, shape, stratigraphic position and relationship with fractures), that were documented using 1D scan line measurement. Several deformation features are observed in the quarry, dominated by meter-scale joints and tension gashes, and also minor faults, burial and tectonic-related stylolites. Three major fracture orientations (E-W, NW-SE and N-S) were found in the quarry with a non-uniform distribution influenced by structural position relative to major structural features (eg: large fractures (>10m) and faults). Interpretation of 3D GPR data reveals one major fracture orientation (NE-SW) that was not observed in the outcrop because it is oriented parallel with the quarry wall. Besides fractures, karst were also documented in outcrop as well as in 3D GPR data. Combination between 3D GPR and outcrop observation show that in the Solvay quarry karst occur along fracture plane and preferentially at fracture intersections. The karst are decimeter to meter-size karst which are below the resolution of 3D seismic reflection. Quantification of karst in the quarry show that karst size-frequency distribution follows power-law distribution, where small karst is more common and large karst is less common. The volume of karst in the quarry is up to 3.8% of the total rock volume. The power-law scaling relationship and the quantification of the sub-seismic karst volume will help predicting karst arrays in wide range of sizes in subsurface reservoirs, where visualization of karst is restricted to the resolution of 3D seismic data.

In humans, telomeres consist of ′TTAGGG′ repeats, which form a nucleoprotein complex that caps the ends of chromosomes. Telomeres are constitutively bound by a six-member protein complex called shelterin. The telomere nucleoprotein structure is essential for preventing the recognition of chromosome ends as DNA double-strand breaks, and for suppressing aberrant repair processes, including end-joining and recombination. When telomeres become critically short, they can initiate a DNA damage response, thereby triggering replicative senescence. Cancer cells are able to overcome this proliferative barrier and immortalise through the reactivation of a telomere maintenance mechanism. The majority (85-90%) of cancers utilise a ribonucleoprotein reverse-transcriptase complex called telomerase to extend telomere repeats, while the remaining 10-15%, especially several paediatric cancers, utilise a recombination-based mechanism termed Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT). ALT cancers tend to have poor prognosis and ALT activity is enriched in several paediatric cancers. ALT activity can also be activated as an adaptive response to treatment therapies that inhibit telomerase. Consequently, there is a need to develop therapies that inhibit or exploit the mechanistic weaknesses of ALT. We sought to study the role of FANCM, a DNA fork translocase that remodels and protects stalled replication forks, at ALT telomeres. FANCM canonically functions as the key sensor and fork remodeller in the Fanconi Anaemia (FA) pathway of inter-strand crosslink (ICL) repair. Its canonical function is to recruit the FA core complex and facilitate ID2 complex (FANCI/FANCD2) mono-ubiquitination at ICL-stalled forks. Yet FANCM has broader roles in preventing replication defects induced by non-ICL sources. We found that FANCM depletion dramatically induces ALT phenotypes, including extrachromosomal telomeric DNA species such as C-circles, large APBs, and break-induced replication events resulting from damaged telomeres. This induction was dependent on the key break-induced replication proteins POLD3 and BLM, the telomeric G-strand-binding shelterin component POT1, and the replication fork translocase SMARCAL1. We then determined which functional domains of FANCM were required to suppress ALT activity, and whether known domains required for ICL repair were necessary. We found that the K117R mutant and, to a lesser extent, the MID and ERCC4 domain mutants were defective at suppressing several ALT phenotypes and telomere dysfunction. Overall, the MM2 domain mutant produced the most striking results, indicating that the MM2 domain was the most important domain required for the suppression of ALT activity. This suggests that the role of FANCM in suppressing ALT requires its interaction with the BLM/TOP3A/RMI1/2 (BTR) complex. We then demonstrated the therapeutic potential of inhibiting the MM2 domain interaction with the BTR complex using a small molecule inhibitor and an inducible fusion peptide construct. While the drug was moderately selective towards ALT cells, the fusion peptide displayed remarkable inhibition specifically of ALT-cells. Overall, we demonstrate that ALT telomeres are particularly dependent on FANCM to prevent excessive ALT activity, which is ultimately detrimental for viability. Therefore, we present a means to selectively kill ALT cells via disruption of the MM2 domain of FANCM.

In this report we focus on the use of an economical way on how Scalar Network Analyzer (SNA) works instead of Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) to estimate the phase angle of signals in indoor channel. This is detailed in RMS delay theory and simulation section, experimental is designed in the according Experiment Design section, where we also state the required measurements known from the math part. In our work, data are recorded both from two different channel characteristics. Method of achieving amplitude is by using deconvolution theory. The condition of applying Hilbert transform are highlighted as impulse response h(t) in time domain should be causal.  The recorded data amplitude is computed by Hilbert Transform, and therefore validate the condition using Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) back to time domain to achieve h(t). Power delay profile P(t) is therefore presented afterwards. In paper calculations of rms delay τrms  of the channel which is the most important variable are also performed, the results calculated from different windowing truncation and the LOS and NLOS characteristics are compared in discussion and conclusion section, it also includes Opinions of window functions chosen for the phase estimation.

This thesis is designed to explore three selected genres which are associated with a Scottish-built ship, RMS Queen Elizabeth, and her launch event in 1938. The main focus of this research is an exploration of how writers construct their texts by creating an interpersonal relationship with their readership in order to fulfil their communicative purposes. Specifically, it examines the generic structures and the lexico-grammar of the texts representing these genres from various theoretical perspectives. The present study analyses a set of business letters, newspaper articles and a promotional brochure which revolve around the launch event of the historic liner. The texts representing these genres are examined in terms of their generic structures using Swales’ move analysis model (1990; 2004) and Hasan’s generic structure potential framework (1985). In addition, a lexico-grammatical analysis of these texts focuses on the use of modal verbs as modality markers, analysed using three distinctive frameworks i.e. Brown and Levinson’s (1987) Politeness Theory, Martin and White’s (1998) Appraisal Framework, and Halliday’s (1994) modality system as markers of authorial commitment and/or obligation in propositions. The differing foci on the use of the modal verbs in the study are motivated by the aim of showing how these lexical items function in different genres. As a final analysis, these modal verbs in the respective genres are examined for their lexical properties using Sinclair’s (1996) and Stubbs’ (2002) Models of Extended Lexical Units. The analysis of the lexical properties of the modal verbs suggests that these lexical items possess certain patterns particularly in terms of colligation, semantic preference, and discourse prosody. The generic structures of the texts in the study are also found to serve the communicative purposes of the texts. It is also found that modal verbs are deployed by the writers to serve various functions in the three genres. In conclusion, all these findings indicate that despite being bound by a single event, these genres were clearly produced to address the communicative purposes as agreed upon by members of the individual communities of practice during that period.

Pensé par et pour la France métropolitaine en réponse à la croissance du chômage dans les années 1980, le Revenu Minimum d'Insertion a produit des effets relativement singuliers dans une ancienne société de plantation comme La Réunion où, de tout temps, pauvreté et dépendance ont été intégrées comme mode d'existence par les populations défavorisées. En apportant un véritable souffle à la protection sociale locale, le RMI a provoqué une profonde mutation du rapport à l'emploi pour ces populations qui, bien souvent, n'avaient alors le choix qu'entre le sous-emploi faiblement rémunéré et le chômage non indemnisé. Le concept de " ré-affiliations créoles " traduit ainsi le nouveau processus d'intégration qui est à l'œuvre dans cette société de transferts. Ce processus fait suite à une certaine forme de désaffiliation vécue par les nombreux travailleurs à la fois délaissés par l'économie rurale qui se modernise, et exclus de la condition salariale dont seule une frange de la population sera alors bénéficiaire
Conceived by and for mainland France, in answer to rising unemployment in the 1980's, the minimum income (RMI : Revenu Minimum d'Insertion) produced rather peculiar results in the former plantation society of La Reunion, where poverty and dependency always have been an integral part of lower class life. Although it brought a new lease of life to the local system of social protection, the RMI generated a profound mutation of the vision these populations had of employment, given that until then, they mainly had to choose between low wages and uncompensated unemployment. The concept of " Creole re-affiliations " translates into a new integration process, which comes about in the transfer society. This process is a response to a notion of de-affiliation perceived by a large number of workers who felt, both, neglected by a modernising rural economy, and excluded from paid employment as we know it, which only a small section of the population benefited from

Au cours de notre observation sur le terrain nous avons note chez les sujets reçus en entretien et en suivi, l'existence, de difficultés affectives importantes, ainsi que de dysfonctionnements familiaux non négligeables. Nos objectifs de thèse ont été d'apporter un éclairage nouveau sur le phénomène de l'"installation prolongée" dans l'inactivité (sociale, professionnelle), et de l'isolement relationnel, en nous référant aux représentations familiales, ainsi que de dégager des corrélations pouvant exister entre le vécu antérieur de l'individu et ses répercussions éventuelles sur les moments de "ruptures" relevés dans son parcours. Nous observons que la faiblesse du moi est l'expression de processus défensifs et régressifs, lies a la perte de l'étayage sur la valeur travail/ la valeur famille et la dimension de projection dans un "a-venir". Ainsi, comment résister activement aux conditions de perte d'emploi, de fragilisation ou de précarité si, par ailleurs, il y n'y a pas d'étayage identitaire possible. Par ailleurs, le travail et la place dans un "social" qui n'est plus investi, ne peuvent aider à panser des blessures narcissiques individuelles et la perte de l'estime de soi. Nous soutenons que pour qu'un enfant construise un "projet identificatoire", (selon les thèses de Fiera Aulagnier), il faut que les figures parentales lui assurent un contenant, avec des dimensions de projet et de^>> désir vis-à-vis de lui. Une parole détermine son avenir à travers la place qui lui est assignée dans la famille. Cette parole, qui se présente sous différentes formes, l'accompagnera durant toute sa vie, et fera fonction de "déterminant motivationnel". Pour se défendre contre la "rupture" intérieure et contextuelle, un sujet peut entrer dans un processus d'échec (la "névrose d'échec", selon R. Lafargue), et entrer en dépression, avoir recours à la maladie dans les affections psychosomatiques. Ainsi, notre principale hypothèse est que l'une des possibles réponses actuelles a un trop-plein de souffrance, et a un "trop-vide" d'identifications, est caractérisée par la recherche passive d'un état a-conflictuel, qui se manifeste par l'inactivité et le manque d'investissement. Cela se traduit par la mise à l'écart de tout projet et de tous "désirs identificatoires" de l'individu, comme pouvant être une source éventuelle de conflits et d'angoisse.

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Sistemas de middleware têm sido amplamente adotados como infra-estrutura de comunicação para sistemas distribuídos. O middleware provê serviços (e.g., eventos, nomes e tempo) que escondem a complexidade dos mecanismos de comunicação e a heterogeneidade de sistema operacional e de linguagens de programação. Diferentes tipos de aplicações distribuídas utilizam sistemas de middleware, entre elas aplicações móveis, aplicações multimídia e aplicações cientes de QoS. Cada uma destas aplicações possuem determinadas características que necessitam de um middleware que forneça QoS, seja por requisitos de tempo real, como é o caso de multimídia, seja por escassez de recursos, como é o caso de aplicações móveis. Para as aplicações citadas anteriormente, o suporte à configuração dinâmica realiza um papel chave. O middleware precisa ajustar o seu comportamento às mudanças no contexto de execução, ao mesmo tempo que precisa preservar a qualidade de serviço necessária às aplicações. Por exemplo, se o tráfego em uma rede aumenta, o middleware pode dinamicamente adotar um novo algoritmo que melhore a compressão de dados, tornando-a mais eficiente. É preciso observar que a adaptação pode ter um escopo global, que tem seu efeito sentido por todas as chamadas ao middleware subseqüentes à adaptação; ou um escopo de chamada, que têm seu efeito sentido apenas por uma determinada invocação remota. Apesar da grande quantidade de produtos de middleware, como CORBA, RMI ou Web Services, eles normalmente falham em suportar configuração dinâmica de maneira efetiva. A razão desta incapacidade para adaptação reside no fato de que essas plataformas de middleware são projetados de maneira inflexível, como caixas pretas, não oferecendo mecanismos que permitam às aplicações acesso ao seu comportamento interno com o objetivo de modificá-lo. Assim, plataformas de middleware tradicionais não fornecem o dinamismo requerido pelas aplicações citadas anteriormente. Conseqüentemente, os desenvolvedores das aplicações distribuídas precisam criar complexos mecanismos de configuração dinâmica específicos para suas necessidades. Nesta dissertação, é proposto um modelo de middleware adaptativo ciente do contexto que possibilita configuração dinâmica em nível de chamada, não fortemente acoplado a nenhuma plataforma de middleware, linguagem de programação ou sistema operacional. Ciência do contexto refere-se à propriedade do middleware de possuir mecanismos que permitam o conhecimento das condições do ambiente de execução (e.g. memória disponível, carga da CPU e largura de banda). O modelo proposto permite configuração dinâmica em nível de chamada, onde cada chamada remota concorrente pode ser tratada de uma maneira particular. Adicionalmente, como certas configurações do middleware necessitam ter efeito sobre toda invocação remota, como uma estratégia de controle de concorrência, foi também definido um mecanismo de configuração dinâmica que considera o escopo da alteração. Finalmente, com o objetivo de saber o momento no qual o middleware necessita ser configurado, o modelo de middleware adaptativo proposto utiliza-se de monitores que possuem a missão de registrar o estado do ambiente de execução (e.g. vazão da rede)

I sistemi RMS (Reconfigurable Manufacturing System), progettati con caratteristiche di modularità e flessibilità, nascono in risposta alle necessità del mercato moderno. Tuttavia, la letteratura non ha ancora affrontato organicamente la problematica della coordinazione tra politica manutentiva e attività di riconfigurazione che questi sistemi richiedono. L’elaborato dopo aver descritto brevemente l’evoluzione dei sistemi di produzione e le caratteristiche e le tecnologie abilitanti dei sistemi RMS affronta il problema della manutenzione all’interno di sistemi di produzione complessi. L’obbiettivo è la presentazione di un modello manutentivo preventivo e opportunistico ottimizzato specificatamente per sistemi produttivi riconfigurabili, che tenga conto della contemporanea usura di macchine e moduli e della necessità di riconfigurazione del sistema. L’euristica presentata è stata implementata mediante il linguaggio di programmazione Java per la parte algoritmica e di elaborazione dati e su Excel per la parte relativa alla lettura dei dati in input e output, al fine di dimostrare l’adattabilità dell’euristica e la sua concreta applicabilità a un sistema produttivo. Il valore dei parametri e il costo totale della politica manutentiva sono stimati e ottimizzati mediante un processo di simulazione. L’esempio numerico proposto mostra come l’euristica presentata, se implementata, possa rispondere alle necessità manutentive di un sistema RMS garantendo costi totali minori rispetto a un modello di manutenzione preventiva age-based e rispetto a manutenzioni a rottura.

The expanding wireless market has resulted in complex integrated transceivers that involve RF, analog and mixed-signal circuits, resulting in expensive and complicated testing. The most important challenges that test engineering faces today are (1) providing a fast and accurate fault-diagnosis and performance characterization so as to accelerate the time-to-market and (2) providing an inexpensive test strategy that can be integrated with the design so as to aid the high-volume manufacturing process. The first part of the research focuses on the design of an RMS detector for built-in-self-test (BIST) of an RF integrated transceiver that can directly provide information at various test points in the design. A cascode low noise amplifier (LNA) has been chosen as the device under test (DUT). A compact (< 0.031 mm2) RF RMS detector with negligible input capacitance (< 13 fF) has been implemented in 0.35 µm CMOS technology along with the DUT. Experimental results are currently being assimilated and compared with the simulation results. Frequency limitations were encountered during the testing process due to unexpected increase in the value of the N-well resistors. All other problems faced during the testing, as well as the results obtained so far, are presented in this thesis. In the second part of the research, the use of the RMS detector for BIST has been extended to a continuous-time high-frequency boost-filter. The proposed HF RMS detector has been implemented along with a 24 dB 350 MHz boost filter as the DUT on 0.35 µm CMOS technology. The HF RMS detector occupies 0.07 mm2 and has an input capacitance of 7 fF. The HF RMS detector has a dynamic range greater than 24 dB starting from -38 dBm of input power. The bandwidth and boost of the filter have been accurately estimated in simulation using the HF RMS detector. The sensitivity of an intermediate band pass node of the filter has also been monitored to predict the filter's sensitivity to Q errors. The final part of the research describes the design of a single-ended to differential converter for use in a broadband transceiver operating from 50-850 MHz. This circuit is used as the second stage in the transceiver after the LNA. The design has been simulated on a 0.35 um CMOS process and has a power consumption of 13.5 mW and less than 8 dB of noise figure over the entire band. It is capable of driving a 500fF load with less than 1dB of gain ripple over the entire band (50-850 MHz).

RmI est une molécule d'ADN résultant de l'excision du génome viral résidant dans une lignée de cellules de souris transformée par un mutant thermosensible du virus du polyome (Py). RmI contient un génome viral complet et une réitération de séquence virale de 182 pb, en plus de 1628 pb d'ADN de souris. Si on introduit par transfection cette molécule dans la cellule de souris, il y a recombinaison entre les répétitions virales pour générer un génome complet de Py. Ce processus requiert, directement ou indirectement, la présence de l'antigène grand T (LT). Dans le but de faire la lumière sur les facteurs nécessaires à cet événement de recombinaison, nous avons tenté de mettre au point un système de recombinaison acellulaire qui nous permette de contrôler et de définir les paramètres impliqués. Nous nous sommes servis d'extraits de cellules de souris non-infectées ou infectées par un vecteur vaccinal recombinant qui véhicule le gène du LT de Py sous la dépendance du promoteur du gène de la thymidine kinase. Le substrat de recombinaison est le plasmide pI-1. Celui-ci contient les séquences de RmI clonées au site Bam HI du plasmide pBR322. La faible quantité de produit formé pendant la réaction n'en permet pas la détection directe. Nous avons donc utilisé la technique dite de PCR ("polymerase chain reaction") pour en augmenter la quantité. Nous avons ainsi réussi à démontrer de la recombinaison survenant dans des conditions où la réplication du substrat n'est pas autorisée. Cette réaction nécessite du Mg2+ et de l'ATP. Elle peut se réaliser en l'absence de la protéine LT puisque son produit est formé grâce à des extraits de cellules non infectées ne contenant aucune protéine spécifique à Py. Le ou les facteurs protéiques impliqués sont d'une grande thermostabilité. Ce système in vitro nous permettra éventuellement d'élucider les mécanismes mis en jeu lors de la recombinaison de l'ADN de Py dans les cellules de souris.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important signalling messenger in mammalian cells as it participates in a variety of physiological processes including vessel tone regulation. Dr. Motterlini's group has discovered a new class of molecules which have the ability to carry and deliver CO to physiological systems. These molecules were termed CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) and they are an excellent tool to investigate the biological role of CO in the vasculature and other systems. The major focus of the research presented in this report was to evaluate the effects of different water soluble CO-RMs on vascular tone. For this purpose, an aortic ring preparation model was used to assess the vasodilatory properties of CORM-3 and CORM-A1, the first two water-soluble CO-RMs to be identified, and the cellular targets involved in this effect. CORM-3 is a transition metal carbonyl that liberates CO very rapidly (1=1-5 min) in physiological solutions, whereas CORM-A1 is a boron-containing carbonate with a much slower rate of CO release (tvi=21 min at pH=7.4). In the current studies CORM-3 induced a rapid endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, whereas CORM-A1 elicited gradual endothelium-independent vasorelaxation. The inactive form of both CO-RMs, in which CO has been deliberately depleted, did not exert vasorelaxation indicating a direct involvement of CO liberated from the compounds in the observed vasorelaxation. The vasorelaxation induced by both molecules was enhanced and attenuated by an activator and inhibitor of guanylate cyclase (sGC), respectively. CORM-3-mediated vasorelaxation was completely abolished by non-selective inhibitors of potassium channels (K+), and partially attenuated by inhibition of ATP dependant (Katp) potassium channels. In contrast, CORM-A1 -mediated vasorelaxation was partially attenuated by non selective inhibition of K+ and by inhibition of voltage dependent (Ky) potassium channels. Even at concentrations higher than that used to induce significant vasorelaxation, both CO-RMs had no noticeable effect on the viability of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A7r5) in vitro. CORM-319, a new water soluble iron containing CO-RM, also induced significant vasorelaxation and was relatively safe to cultured SMCs compared to other non-water soluble iron containing CO-RMs that were extremely toxic. In summary, our data reveal that the CO-RMs examined in this project are promising CO carriers that could be further modified for optimal therapeutic applications. In addition, our data demonstrate the significant effect imposed by the chemical structure and kinetics of CO release on the pharmacological activity of various CO-RMs.

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Esta tese tem por objetivo avaliar o microcrédito na Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS) no período compreendido entre 2010 e 2014. Este trabalho apresenta uma investigação a partir de dados coletados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA), Banco do Nordeste (BNB), Banco Central (BACEN), Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE), dentre outros. Através da análise de dados, mostrou-se que tanto a população quanto os empreendimentos da região metropolitana buscam cada vez mais pelo microcrédito e, que os microempreendimentos individuais, solidários ou não, são vistos como a saída para geração e complementação da renda familiar. A pesquisa realizada também revela que o microcrédito é uma atividade importante na economia baiana e brasileira, especialmente se comparada a outros países da América Latina. Mostra ainda que a ampliação da oferta do microcrédito é parte do modelo que tem por objetivo a gestão da pobreza e seus efeitos na sociedade, e que a oferta de serviços de microfinanças cresce fundamentada nas orientações caracterizadas por procedimentos de rentabilidade tipicamente financeiros. Os resultados revelam que, entre 2010 e 2014, houve desenvolvimento social na Região Metropolitana de Salvador, porém não foi possível associar as melhorias aos programas de microcrédito ofertados na região.
This thesis aims to evaluate microcredit in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador (RMS) in the period between 2010 and 2014. This paper presents an investigation based on data collected from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), Banco do Nordeste (BNB), Banco Central (BACEN), Brazilian Service to Support Micro and Small Enterprises (SEBRAE), among others. Through the analysis of data, it was shown that both the population and the enterprises of the metropolitan region are increasingly seeking microcredit and that individual microenterprises are seen as the output for generation and complementation of family income. The research also reveals that microcredit is an important activity in the Bahia and Brazilian economy, especially when compared to other Latin American countries. It also shows that the expansion of the microcredit supply is part of the model that has the objective of managing poverty and its effects on society, and that the supply of microfinance services grows based on guidelines characterized by typically financial profitability procedures. The results show that, between 2010 and 2014, there was social development in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, but it was not possible to associate the improvements to the microcredit programs offered in the region.

Partitioned preemptive EDF scheduling is very similar to bin packing, but there is a subtle difference. Estimating the probability of schedulability under a given total utilization has been studied empirically before. Here, we show an approach for closed-form formulae for the problem, starting with n = 3 tasks on m = 2 processors.

There are several methods to measure surface evenness for car roads, but almost none for bike paths. Accordingly, VTI (the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute) have created a smartphone application which uses the accelerometers in the phone to measure the vibration from the road. This report’s aim is to analyze the data collected using this application, investigate if the data is repeatable, to find factors that are important for evenness and perform classification of bike paths as even or wiggly. Two main methods were used, Gaussian process and wavelets. Gaussian process was used to classify bike paths and wavelets to investigate the repeatability and see how many trips are needed to get a consistent result. The results show that the two different smartphones gave quite different results; one smartphone indicated almost twice as high RMS values (measure of vibration) than the other. The GPS positions of smartphones were quite good, except under a tunnel and close to high buildings. Some short section of the road gave very high or very low RMS values, but the general standard of all investigated bike paths were too even to detect any significant differences between the paths. The results show that there’s some unexplained variance in the turns, but the effect of the turns hasn’t been tested. The wavelets analysis show that around 15 trips were needed to get a consistent result. The report contains a description of a designed experiment that will continue this project. This new data will be collected in a more carefully to make a better separation between good and bad cycle routes by the RMS value.

Uppdragsgivare: VTI (Anna Niska och Leif Sjögren)

Telomeres are the repetitive DNA sequences located at the end of chromosomes which are shortened after each cell division to restrict cellular proliferative capacity. A small but significant subset of cancers utilise a telomerase-independent mechanism known as alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). To date, there is no effective targeted treatment for ALT-positive cancers, hence inhibitors of ALT-directed mechanisms represent a promising and unexplored field for the development of novel anti-cancer therapies. The most well-validated target for inhibiting ALT activity is the interaction between the protein FANCM and the Bloom syndrome complex via the interaction between MM2 domain on FANCM and RMI complex from the Bloom syndrome complex. Inhibiting this interaction eradicates the ALT process and consequently, induces toxicity towards ALT-positive cells. Another potential target for ALT therapy is the homodimerisation site (TRF-H domain) of the protein TRF2. Inhibiting TRF2 activity by targeting TRF-H is known to induce lethal genome instability in ALT-positive cells. This thesis describes the development of macrocyclic peptide inhibitors targeting the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) associated with telomere maintenance in ALT cancer cells, employing both peptide screening by mRNA display and rational peptide cyclisation to identify primary hits. The work in this thesis demonstrates the feasibility of using cyclic peptides to inhibit proteins involved in ALT-mediated telomere extension in cancer cells. With cyclic peptide hits in hand from mRNA display, future work will involve optimisation of cell permeability, exploration of delivery strategies, elucidation of bound structures, as well as further improvements to binding affinity.

Cette étude propose une approche des nouvelles modalités d'intervention étatique et des rapports sociaux du'induisent ces dernières. Nous avons utilisé le dispositif RMI et la politique de la ville comme fenêtre d'observation de ces transformations. Ces deux actions rassemblent l'ensemble des éléments qui caractérisent l'intervention publique contemporaine : contractualisation entre l'Etat et les collectivités locales, territorialisation de l'intervention et intégration de la société civile. Cette enquête s'appuie sur une sociologie empirique et met au jour les hésitations qui caractérisent cette intervention étatique : au niveau des conceptions entre un discours qui se réfère au pacte républicain égalitariste et une pratique qui s'ancre dans l'équité comme pivot de la justice sociale ; au niveau des institutions entre un Etat qui impulse mais ne maîtrise ni les contenus ni les objectifs réinterprétés sans cesse localement ; au niveau de l'intégration de la société civile entre une démocratisation et une privatisation de l'action sociale. De ces hésitations résultent de nouveaux espaces de régulation dont lalégitimité se fonde sur un consensus provisoire et non politique et dont la fonction principale est d'organiser la structuration des intérêts divergents qui s'expriment à l'échelon local.

Les savoirs mis en oeuvre dans le cadre d'une action orientée vers un but s'articuleraient selon les modalités du "vouloir", du "pouvoir" et du "savoir". S'agissant du projet d'insertion sociale,ces modalités nous permettraient donc de relever des savoirs relatifs au "vouloir s'insérer", au "pouvoir s'insérer" et au "savoir s'insérer". Cette thèse située dans le champ des sciences de l'éducation, bénéficie des apports théoriques de la sémiotique discursive proposée par J. C. Coquet. Le sujet du discours est ici réhabilité ; il n'est plus seulement défini par son faire-c'est ainsi que la sémiotique narrative greimassienne nous proposait de l'appréhender-mais au regard de son positionnement face à l'objet de sa quête qui n'est autre que l'agencement des modalités précitées. Une double approche diachronique et synchronique des résultats permet d'avancer qu'une articulation du savoir selon les modalités du "vouloir s'insérer", du "pouvoir s'insérer" et du "savoir s'insérer" est possible ; elle rompt avec la terminologie en usage (savoir/savoir-faire/savoir-être) pas toujours, selon nous, pertinente. De plus, cette approche souhaite mettre en garde contre la tentation que nous pourrions avoir de catégoriser formellement les savoirs au regard de l'insertion sociale comme finalité
The knowledges implemented in the scope of an action referred to an object would articulate themselves according to wanting,being able and knowing modalities. Concerning the social integration project these modalities would allowe us to set off knowledges relating to wanting integrete oneself,being able to integrate oneself and knowing integrate oneself. This thesis, situated in the scientific education field, profits by theorical contributions from discursives semiotics, propounded by J. C. Coquet. The subject of the discourse here is rehabilited ; he is no more only defined by his doing-such is the way that the greimassian narrative semiotics would propound us to apprehend it-but by his position face to the object of his quest which is no more but the arrangement of the above mentioned modalities. A double approach,diachronic and synchronic, of the results allows to put forward that an articulation of knowing according to the wanting integrate oneself, being able to integrate oneself and knowing integrate oneself modalities is possible ; it breaks with the current terminology (knowing/knowing-doing/knowing-being) which is not always, in our opinion, pertinent

This study is situated within a context of the changing role and value of the university, particularly in terms of a renewed focus on the importance of 'practical' research. It seeks to explore candidates' experiences of the culture of three doctoral research degrees in the School of education, RMIT University. The degrees in question are the Doctor of Philosophy by thesis, the Doctor of Philosophy by project and the Doctor of Education. The research sought to problematise and contest current understandings of doctoral candidates' experiences by highlighting complexities in the process and identifying differences and similarities between each of the three degrees. The main research question is 'How do candidates perceive the respective cultures of traditional, practice-based and professional doctoral education?' A nested, multiple-case study of the three doctoral modes was used to address three sub-questions, which focused on the norms and practices of candidates ; the extent to which their needs and expectations were met; and differences in their notions of research and practice. Differences and similarities between the degrees are analysed, leading to answers to the fourth sub-question which sought to identify what can be learned in terms of supervisor pedagogy and learning support. The research design was underpinned by a Bourdieuian epistemology and a critical theoretical perspective. Bourdieu's theory of practice with its conceptual tools of habitus, field, capital, agent and practice allowed analysis of candidates' experiences and the doctoral structures within which their practice resides through one critical lens. The data revealed many issues common to all doctoral programs. These include the importance of understanding the various habitus' and relative amounts of cultural capital of candidates, and the impact of a perceived lack of learning community. Other findings related to ambivalence regarding the types of cultural and social capital appropriate for do ctoral candidates not aiming to work in an academic environment where these are in conflict with the workplace. Three meta-themes were developed: tensions between and within the field; challenges to autonomous principles; and the importance of habitus and cultural capital in doctoral study. The study added to the literature aimed at increasing understanding of candidates' trajectories toward success in the doctoral field, thereby informing supervisor and learning support pedagogy. Five recommendations were proposed, aimed at producing a vibrant doctoral learning community with a deeper understanding of candidates' issues.

Background: Although high concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) are unquestionably toxic, emerging evidence reveals that CO at low concentrations plays a significant role in vasorelaxation, blockade of apoptotic pathways, suppression of inflammation and protection against ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Our group has recently identified a series of compounds (CO-releasing molecules or CO-RMs) which exert important pharmacological activities by carrying and delivering CO to biological systems.;Aims: The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of CO released from CO-RMs on mitochondrial respiration and its consequences on renal haemodynamic, biochemical, and physiological parameters as well as to examine the possible beneficial effects of CO-RMs against I-R injury.;Methods: Parallel experiments were conducted using: 1) the isolated renal cortical rat mitochondria for evaluation of oxygen consumption, hydrogen peroxide production, and lipid peroxidation. 2) the ex vivo isolated perfused rabbit kidney (IPRK) model to measure the physiological and biochemical parameters and mitochondrial respiration for freshly harvested kidneys and kidneys exposed to ischaemic injury, and 3) an in vitro model of renal proximal tubular epithelial (LLC-PKi) cells to assess membrane integrity and metabolic activity.;Results: The major findings of this study indicate that CO modulates mitochondrial respiratory activity in isolated rat mitochondria. In IPRK model, CO reduces tubular reabsorption and increases urine and perfusion flow rate and glomerular filtration rate of freshly isolated kidneys. However, in IPRK model, kidneys flushed with a cold preservation solution supplemented with CO-RMs and stored at 4 C for 24 or 48 hr displayed at reperfusion a significant protective vasodilatory effect, improved renal function and mitochondrial respiration compared to control kidneys flushed with cold solution alone. Additionally, CO released from CO-RMs protects against preservation injury using the in vitro model of LLC-PKi cells. In contrast, in a warm I-R model using the IPRK circuit, CO was only beneficial by increasing the perfusate flow rate at reperfusion.;Conclusion: the results emphasize that CO liberated from CO-RMs has a protective vasodilatory effect, improves renal function and increases mitochondrial respiration after cold ischaemia and reperfusion. These findings suggest that CO-RMs could be used therapeutically in preservation solutions as an efficacious strategy to prevent the injury sustained by organs during cold storage prior to transplantation.