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1
DI, COLA CHIARA. « La rivalsa nell'imposta sul valore aggiunto ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/25572.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'analisi condotta si è orientata in una duplice direttrice. Da una prospettiva, si è cercato di delineare i profili teorici – giuridici dell'istituto della rivalsa nel macro sistema dell'Iva, attraverso la ricostruzione giuridico formale dell'imposta.
Da altra prospettiva, ed alla luce delle ricostruzioni dogmatiche dell'istituto, sono state osservate le dinamiche applicative della rivalsa.
La trattazione ha in parte confutato l'apparente semplicità applicativa dell'istituto, data dal non essere soggetta, né subordinata, alla ricorrenza di particolari condizioni e dall'essere caratterizzata da ipotesi derogatorie direttamente fissate dalla norma, non suscettibili di autonoma valutazione da parte dell'operatore economico. In quest'ottica è stato evidenziato come la dinamica della rivalsa possa attraversare fasi patologiche capaci di incrinare e compromettere la coerenza del sistema impositivo Iva: è il caso, da un lato, delle fattispecie di omesso versamento dell'imposta nei confronti dell'Erario – e dunque nelle ipotesi di pratiche di evasione fiscale – e, da altra prospettiva, delle ipotesi di erronea e/o indebita applicazione dell'Iva a titolo di rivalsa.
In riferimento alla prima fattispecie, vi è l'annoso problema della individuazione sia del responsabile d'imposta nel compimento delle operazioni imponibili e sia, per quanto attiene la successiva fase di recupero coattivo dell'imposta evasa, della eventuale ed ipotetica soggezione passiva in capo a colui che subisce la rivalsa.
Aspetti, questi, che sono stati esaminati e rispetti ai quali sono state avanzate ipotesi risolutive alla luce dell'inquadramento formale dell'istituto in esame.
2
Wallace, Diana J. « Sisters and rivals : the theme of female rivalry in novels by women, 1914-1939 ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10952.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis will explore representations of female rivalry in novels by women between 1914 and 1939. It will focus especially on women writers' reversal of the 'erotic triangle' paradigm theorised by Rem\ Girard (1961) and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick (1985). By using a female-male-female triangle these women novelists are able to examine the conflict between women's primary bonds to other women and their desire for the sexual fulfilment and social/economic status offered by a relationship with a man. The first chapter will offer an historical overview and reasons for a particular interest in this theme during this period. Chapter Two will compare the models of female rivalry which can be drawn from the work of Freud (of key importance in the inter-war period) and Luce Irigaray, from studies of blood sister relationships, and from a Bakhtinian model of subjectivity constructed through dialogue. Both chapters will include brief analyses of novels. The central chapters will use these models of female rivalry to offer detailed analyses of texts by five women writers: May Sinclair, Rebecca West, Vera Brittain, Winifred Holtby and Rosamond Lehmann. The chapter on May Sinclair explores her use of psychoanalysis to problematise the motif of self-sacrifice in Victorian women's novels - the woman who sacrifices her own desires in order to cede the man she loves to her friend or sister. The chapter on Rebecca West looks at her use of her sisters as models for her female characters, and at her exploration of relations between women who are brought together only by their relation to the man they both love. The following two chapters will offer an extended analysis of the friendship between Vera Brittain and Winifred Holtby and their intertextual rivalry over the meaning of their friendship and female friendship in general. The chapter on Rosamond Lehmann explores her valorisation of sister relationships and her examination Of the romance plot and the way that it constructs women as rivals. Finally, the conclusion will focus on a reading of Lehmann's retrospective The Echoing Grove (1953), which fuses the figures of the rival and the sister. It will argue for the need for a model of female rivalry which can encompass the tension generated by the simultaneous and competing positions occupied by women as rival commodities within a 'male economy' and as 'sisters' within a 'female economy'. I will suggest that we need new plots and narratives which can encompass rivalry between women which is not over a man. We also need to consider the possibility that some kinds of rivalry between women can, ironically, be both positive and energising.
3
Pommerenke, Kay. « Cooperation with rivals / ». Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Texte intégral
4
Scott, Dominic. « Recollection and its rivals ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257010.
Texte intégral
5
Li, Dongxu. « Do Horizontal Mergers Affect Rivals’ Investments ? » The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1594803937455669.
Texte intégral
6
Yu, Tieying. « Dynamics of multinational rivalry ». Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1081.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Drawing insights from strategic management and international business literature, the present study develops an integrated model to explain the competitive actions between multinational firms in a global context. Accordingly, two research questions are addressed: What key factors explain the competitive actions of multinational firms? What key factors moderate the competitive tensions experienced by different pairs of multinational firms? Using structured content analysis to identify competitive actions, the empirical findings of the present study suggest that subsidiary control, MNE size, national culture, government regulations and multimarket contact are all likely to exert important impact on a multinational firm's motivation and capability to compete and therefore influence its competitive aggressiveness in foreign markets.
7
Branscome, David M. « Textual rivals self-presentation in Herodotus' "Histories" (Greece) / ». [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3185391.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2005.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-08, Section: A, page: 2919. Adviser: Matthew R. Christ. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 5, 2006).
8
Hooker, Valerie. « Jealousy and implicit evaluations of perceived romantic rivals ». Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/341779.
Texte intégral
9
Hand, Sebastian H. « Afterimage masking may attenuate monocular rivalry, but is insufficient to explain monocular rivalry / ». [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19243.pdf.
Texte intégral
10
Hunter, Robert C. « BROTHERS OR RIVALS ? IRAN AND THE SHI'A OF IRAQ / ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA457514.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): James R. Russell. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-148). Also available in print.
11
Connelly, Brian Lawrence. « Institutional owners and competitive rivalry ». Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86046.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Scholars have increasingly recognized the importance of institutional owners in
the life of the firm and have sought to explain how and when these owners influence
firm-level strategies. In spite of evidence that these owners can and do affect broad
strategies, there is little empirical support for the extent to which institutional investors
involve themselves at the level of strategic competitive actions that firms undertake. This
raises the question: "How do different types of institutional investors affect strategic
competitive activity between firms?" Further, owners have a unique bearing on
competitive activity insofar as they can simultaneously influence firms that are
competing with each other. Therefore another important question is: "How are the
relationships between institutional investors and strategic competitive activity affected
when those investors hold stakes in both the focal firm and their competitor?" Borrowing from the accounting literature, this dissertation classifies institutional
owners into three groups based on their historical trading behavior: transient, dedicated,
and quasi-indexer. Findings from examination of the ownership holdings and strategic
competitive activity of thirty-six Fortune 500 rivalries over the years 1997-2006 provide insight into these questions. High levels of dedicated institutional ownership are
associated with greater strategic competitive activity whereas high transient institutional
ownership is associated with low strategic competitive activity. The relationship between
dedicated ownership and strategic competitive activity is moderated by common
ownership of a focal firm and its rival. As dedicated ownership of the focal firm and its
rival increase together, strategic competitive activity is reduced. The results presented
here change the way we apply agency theory to explain firm governance. For competitive
dynamics researchers, this study points to a previously unexplored means by which firms
are motivated to engage, or not engage, in competitive activity. This study also has broad
implications for managers, investors, and policymakers.
12
Hancock, Sarah. « Perceptual mechanisms underlying binocular rivalry ». Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437581.
Texte intégral
13
McCallister, Gerald L. Jr. « Ethnic Similarity and Rivalry Relations ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700063/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Research on ethnicity and conflict treats the concept of ethnicity as defining the actors in these conflicts, whereas research on the construction and maintenance of ethnic identity explores why ethnicity unifies individuals into a single social group. What happens when this unifying concept is divided between two enemy countries? How does this situation influence peace settlements over territorial issues, armed conflict, and economic relations between these countries? To answer these questions, I create a continuous measure of ethnic similarity between rivals. I find that ethnic similarity can facilitate cooperation and exacerbate conflictual interactions between rivals, but governments will seek to limit interactions with their rival when the cross border ethnic groups are minorities. In addition, I create categorical predictors of ethnic similarity, which reveal nuances in these relationships. Specifically, rivalries sharing a pan-ethnic identity are more likely to engage in conflict regardless of actual ethnic similarity, and dyads with a majority in one country sharing ethnicity with a minority in another country are less likely to fight once in a state of rivalry. This is because a quid pro quo exists between these rivals where one rival can reduce oppression of the minority in exchange for the other rival not supporting secessions by their co-ethnics. These pairs of rivals also are more likely to attempt peace settlements. Contested nations, which are rivalry-dyads with similar ethnic majorities, are both the most likely of the ethnically similar rival categories to engage in militarized interstate disputes, but also engage in larger amounts of interstate trade.
14
Li, David Fengming. « THE INITIATION OF BINOCULAR RIVALRY ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1631.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Binocular rivalry refers to the perceptual alternation that occurs while viewing incompatible images, in which one monocular image is dominant and the other is suppressed. Rivalry has been closely studied but the neural site at which it is initiated is still controversial. The central claim of this thesis is that primary visual cortex is responsible for its initiation. This claim is supported by evidence from four experimental studies. The first study (described in Chapter 4) introduces the methodology for measuring visual sensitivity during dominance and suppression and compares several methods to see which yields the greatest difference between these two sensitivities. Suppression depth was measured by comparing the discrimination thresholds to a brief test stimulus delivered during dominance and suppression phases. The deepest suppression was achieved after a learning period, with the test stimulus presented for 100 ms and with post-test masking. The second study (Chapter 5) compares two hypotheses for the mechanism of binocular rivalry. Under eye suppression, visibility decreases when the tested eye is being suppressed, regardless of the test stimulus’s features. Feature suppression, however, predicts that reduction of visibility is caused by suppression of a stimulus feature, no matter which eye is suppressed. Eye suppression claims that monocular channels in the visual system alternate between dominance and suppression, while Feature suppression assumes that the features of stimuli inhibit each other perceptually in the high-level cortex. The experiment used a test stimulus similar in features to one, but not the other, rivalry-inducing stimulus. Test sensitivity was found to be lowered when the test stimulus was presented to the eye whose rivalry-inducing stimulus was suppressed. Sensitivity was not lowered when the test stimulus was presented to the other eye, even when the test shared features with the suppressed stimulus. The conclusion is that feature suppression is weak or does not exist without eye suppression, and that rivalry therefore originates in the primary visual cortex. If binocular rivalry is initiated in the primary visual cortex, stimuli producing no coherent activity in that area should produce no rivalry. In the third study (Chapter 6) this idea was tested with rotating arrays of short-lifetime dots. The dots with the shortest lifetime produced an image with no rotation signal, and an infinite lifetime produced rigid rotation. Subjects could discriminate the rotation direction with high accuracy at all but the shortest lifetime. When the two eyes were presented with opposite directions of rotation, there was binocular rivalry only at the longest lifetimes. Stimuli with short lifetimes produce a coherent motion signal, since their direction can be discriminated, but do not produce rivalry. A simple interpretation of this observation is that binocular rivalry is initiated at a level in the visual hierarchy below that which supports the motion signal. The model supported by the results of previous chapters requires that binocular rivalry suppression be small in the primary visual cortex, and builds up as signals progress along the visual pathway. This model predicts that for judgements dependent on activity in high visual cortex: 1. Binocular rivalry suppression should be deep; 2. Responses should be contrast invariant. The fourth and last study (chapter 7) confirmed these predictions by measuring suppression depth in two ways. First, two similar forms were briefly presented to one eye: the difference in shapes required for their discrimination was substantially greater during suppression than during dominance. Second, the two forms were made sufficiently different in shape to allow easy discrimination at high contrast, and the contrast of these forms was lowered to find the discrimination threshold. The results in the second experiment showed that contrast sensitivity did not differ between the suppression and dominance states. This invariance in contrast sensitivity is interpreted in terms of steep contrast-response functions in cortex beyond the primary visual area. The work in this thesis supports the idea that binocular rivalry is a process distributed along the visual pathway. More importantly, the results provide several lines of evidence that binocular rivalry is initiated in primary visual cortex.
15
Davies, Jennifer Ann-Louise. « Rivalry within and between strategic networks : an investigation of the United States Automotive Industry ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30331/1/Jennifer_Davies_Thesis.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As a consequence of the increased incidence of collaborative arrangements between firms, the competitive environment characterising many industries has undergone profound change. It is suggested that rivalry is not necessarily enacted by individual firms according to the traditional mechanisms of direct confrontation in factor and product markets, but rather as collaborative orchestration between a number of participants or network members. Strategic networks are recognised as sets of firms within an industry that exhibit denser strategic linkages among themselves than other firms within the same industry. Based on this, strategic networks are determined according to evidence of strategic alliances between firms comprising the industry. As a result, a single strategic network represents a group of firms closely linked according to collaborative ties. Arguably, the collective outcome of these strategic relationships engineered between firms suggest that the collaborative benefits attributed to interorganisational relationships require closer examination in respect to their propensity to influence rivalry in intraindustry environments. Derived in large from the social sciences, network theory allows for the micro and macro examination of the opportunities and constraints inherent in the structure of relationships in strategic networks, establishing a relational approach upon which the conduct and performance of firms can be more fully understood. Research to date has yet to empirically investigate the relationship between strategic networks and rivalry. The limited research that has been completed utilising a network rationale to investigate competitive patterns in contemporary industry environments has been characterised by a failure to directly measure rivalry. Further, this prior research has typically embedded investigation in industry settings dominated by technological or regulatory imperatives, such as the microprocessor and airline industries. These industries, due to the presence of such imperatives, are arguably more inclined to support the realisation of network rivalry, through subscription to prescribed technological standards (eg., microprocessor industry) or by being bound by regulatory constraints dictating operation within particular market segments (airline industry). In order to counter these weaknesses, the proposition guiding research - Are patterns of rivalry predicted by strategic network membership? – is embedded in the United States Light Vehicles Industry, an industry not dominated by technological or regulatory imperatives. Further, rivalry is directly measured and utilised in research, thus distinguishing this investigation from prior research efforts. The timeframe of investigation is 1993 – 1999, with all research data derived from secondary sources. Strategic networks were defined within the United States Light Vehicles Industry based on evidence of horizontal strategic relationships between firms comprising the industry. The measure of rivalry used to directly ascertain the competitive patterns of industry participants was derived from the traditional Herfindahl Index, modified to account for patterns of rivalry observed at the market segment level. Statistical analyses of the strategic network and rivalry constructs found little evidence to support the contention of network rivalry; indeed, greater levels of rivalry were observed between firms comprising the same strategic network than between firms participating in opposing network structures. Based on these results, patterns of rivalry evidenced in the United States Light Vehicle Industry over the period 1993 – 1999 were not found to be predicted by strategic network membership. The findings generated by this research are in contrast to current theorising in the strategic network – rivalry realm. In this respect, these findings are surprising. The relevance of industry type, in conjunction with prevailing network methodology, provides the basis upon which these findings are contemplated. Overall, this study raises some important questions in relation to the relevancy of the network rivalry rationale, establishing a fruitful avenue for further research.
16
Davies, Jennifer Ann-Louise. « Rivalry within and between strategic networks : an investigation of the United States Automotive Industry ». Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30331/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As a consequence of the increased incidence of collaborative arrangements between firms, the competitive environment characterising many industries has undergone profound change. It is suggested that rivalry is not necessarily enacted by individual firms according to the traditional mechanisms of direct confrontation in factor and product markets, but rather as collaborative orchestration between a number of participants or network members. Strategic networks are recognised as sets of firms within an industry that exhibit denser strategic linkages among themselves than other firms within the same industry. Based on this, strategic networks are determined according to evidence of strategic alliances between firms comprising the industry. As a result, a single strategic network represents a group of firms closely linked according to collaborative ties. Arguably, the collective outcome of these strategic relationships engineered between firms suggest that the collaborative benefits attributed to interorganisational relationships require closer examination in respect to their propensity to influence rivalry in intraindustry environments. Derived in large from the social sciences, network theory allows for the micro and macro examination of the opportunities and constraints inherent in the structure of relationships in strategic networks, establishing a relational approach upon which the conduct and performance of firms can be more fully understood. Research to date has yet to empirically investigate the relationship between strategic networks and rivalry. The limited research that has been completed utilising a network rationale to investigate competitive patterns in contemporary industry environments has been characterised by a failure to directly measure rivalry. Further, this prior research has typically embedded investigation in industry settings dominated by technological or regulatory imperatives, such as the microprocessor and airline industries. These industries, due to the presence of such imperatives, are arguably more inclined to support the realisation of network rivalry, through subscription to prescribed technological standards (eg., microprocessor industry) or by being bound by regulatory constraints dictating operation within particular market segments (airline industry). In order to counter these weaknesses, the proposition guiding research - Are patterns of rivalry predicted by strategic network membership? – is embedded in the United States Light Vehicles Industry, an industry not dominated by technological or regulatory imperatives. Further, rivalry is directly measured and utilised in research, thus distinguishing this investigation from prior research efforts. The timeframe of investigation is 1993 – 1999, with all research data derived from secondary sources. Strategic networks were defined within the United States Light Vehicles Industry based on evidence of horizontal strategic relationships between firms comprising the industry. The measure of rivalry used to directly ascertain the competitive patterns of industry participants was derived from the traditional Herfindahl Index, modified to account for patterns of rivalry observed at the market segment level. Statistical analyses of the strategic network and rivalry constructs found little evidence to support the contention of network rivalry; indeed, greater levels of rivalry were observed between firms comprising the same strategic network than between firms participating in opposing network structures. Based on these results, patterns of rivalry evidenced in the United States Light Vehicle Industry over the period 1993 – 1999 were not found to be predicted by strategic network membership. The findings generated by this research are in contrast to current theorising in the strategic network – rivalry realm. In this respect, these findings are surprising. The relevance of industry type, in conjunction with prevailing network methodology, provides the basis upon which these findings are contemplated. Overall, this study raises some important questions in relation to the relevancy of the network rivalry rationale, establishing a fruitful avenue for further research.
17
Horstman, Karin Rose. « Rivaly Among College Women ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34505.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this study was to explore behaviors and characteristics of college women within the context of their relationships with their female friends, peers, and colleagues. Specifically, the study addressed unacknowledged feelings and covert behaviors directed toward women. In opposition to the frequently commended characteristics of women such as collaborating and nurturing, experiences reported by the subjects of this study describe their female peers, and sometimes themselves, as covertly malicious. Rivalry, unlike competition, surrounds women and has the potential to penetrate every relationship women have with other women regardless of the context of the relationship. By collecting data from college women at a large, research, state-affiliated university, this exploratory study employed grounded research methodology (Glaser & Straus, 1967) to develop a theoretical image of the rivalrous woman.Master of Arts
18
Nordberg, Mikael. « Allies yet rivals : input joint ventures and their competitive effects / ». Uppsala : Department of Economics [Nationalekonomiska institutionen], Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7888.
Texte intégral
19
Ross, Catherine Elizabeth. « Rivals in the public sphere : Humphry Davy and romantic poets / ». Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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20
Sioli, Lucilla. « Asymmetric firms and market-share rivalry ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285782.
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21
Harrison, Mark R. « The bioeconomics of altruism and rivalry / ». Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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22
Zwan, Rick van der. « Possible neural substrates for binocular rivalry ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28543.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Binocular rivalry is the perceptual consequence of dichoptic input which is not
congruent between both visual inputs. There is some evidence, both theoretical and
empirical, that the perception of binocular rivalry is mediated by interactions between
binocular neurones, rather than by interactions between monocular neurones. This
evidence suggests also a model of perception which predicts binocular rivalry as a
consequence of normal interactions between binocular neurones in a retinotopic array.
This model accounts for rivalry without postulating any additional interconnections
beyond those already thought to exist between binocular neurones simply assumes an
orderly mapping of tuning characteristics across groups of cells, as is typically observed
in visual cortex. On the basis of this model, and findings already reported, it was
hypothesised that binocular rivalry reflects extrastriate rather than area V1 processing
(no process so far attributed to area V1 has yet been reported to be affected by
binocular rivalry). It was hypothesised also that area V2 was the most likely area in
which such processing first arises.
Area V2 has been associated with the perception of 'purely subjective contours'. It has
been shown that some cells in area V2 are tuned for such contours, which are
characterised by the absence of Fourier components at the orientation of the perceived
contour, while no cells in area V1 have been found to be similarly sensitive (von der
Heydt and Peterhans 1989). This characteristic of area V2 neurones enables purely
subjective contours to be used to test the two hypotheses described above. Real contour
tilt aftereffects, which are thought to arise in area V1, are not affected by rivalry during
their induction. If purely subjective contour tilt aftereffects (Paradiso, Shimojo and
Nakayama 1989) are subject to the same types of processing as their real contour
counterparts, as suggested by the rationale and model of von der Heydt and Peterhans
(1989), interactions between subjective contour tilt aftereffects and binocular rivalry
should indicate the role, if any, of area V2 in rivalry.
It was found that purely subjective contour tilt aftereffects (Experiment One) and tilt
illusions (Experiment Four) exhibit angular functions like those observed for real
contour tilt aftereffects and illusions. Just as for real contour effects, these functions can
be described in terms of direct effects (Experiment Two) and indirect effects
(Experiment Three), suggesting purely subjective contours are processed as if they were
real contours. Unlike real contour direct effects, purely subjective contour direct and
indirect effects are reduced in magnitude by periods of rivalry during their induction
(Experiment Five). In keeping with their suggested extrastriate locus (eg. Wenderoth,
van der Zwan and Williams 1993), the magnitude of a real contour indirect effect is
also reduced by periods of rivalry occurring during its induction (Experiment Six).
These results suggest that rivalry does arise first in area V2. If this is true then complete
interocular transfer of the purely subjective aftereffect, induced with or without rivalry,
should occur because area V2 is almost exclusively binocular. This proved not to be the
case, however, suggesting the ocular dominance observed in most binocular cells has to
be taken into account in any explanation of rivalry (Experiment Seven). This was tested
using real contours and found to be the case. These last results suggested also that
rivalrous interactions occur between groups of binocular neurones only in extrastriate
cortex (Experiment Eight). This hypothesis was tested by examining the effect of
binocular rivalry on the duration of the plaid motion aftereffect, which is thought to
arise no earlier than area MT, a visual cortical area which is also thought to be almost
exclusively binocular. It was found that rivalry did reduce the duration of plaid motion
aftereffects but not linear motion aftereffects, and that the impact of rivalry might be
linked to plaid sensitive cells in area MT, although this last conclusion is tenuous
(Experiments Nine and Ten). Finally, it was shown also that the magnitude of the
reduction in duration of the aftereffect was proportional to the predominance of the
plaid stimulus during rivalry, a finding which supports the mechanism of rivalry
suggested by the binocular model.
The results together suggest that binocular rivalry does arise through binocular
interactions, but that such interactions cannot be attributed to a single cortical area. All
groups of binocular neurones may be subject to the processes that ultimately give rise to
the perception of rivalry, a conclusion which does not invalidate the binocular model of
rivalry. This has some consequences for binocular vision, particularly stereopsis, which
might occur qualitatively during binocular rivalry.
23
Sawyer, Robert. « Marlowe and Shakespeare : The Critical Rivalry ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://www.amzn.com/1349952265.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Instead of asserting any alleged rivalry between Marlowe and Shakespeare, Sawyer examines the literary reception of the two when the writers are placed in tandem during critical discourse or artistic production. Focusing on specific examples from the last 400 years, the study begins with Robert Greene’s comments in 1592 and ends with the post-9/11 and 7/7 era.
The study not only looks at literary critics and their assessments, but also at playwrights such as Aphra Behn, novelists such as Anthony Burgess, and late twentieth-century movie and theatre directors. The work concludes by showing how the most recent outbreak of Marlowe as Shakespeare’s ghostwriter accelerates due to a climate of conspiracy, including “belief echoes,” which presently permeate our cultural and critical discourse.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1161/thumbnail.jpg
24
Mendonça, Bartolomeu Rodrigues. « A NATUREZA É MINA, NÃO ACABA NUNCA : uma avaliação da sustentabilidade na Baía do Tubarão na percepção dos seus moradores ». Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2008. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1202.
Texte intégralRésumé :
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BARTOLOMEU RODRIGUES MENDONCA.pdf: 758474 bytes, checksum: 63df74b2f405a4a40e0b80ad2b952e61 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-07-28This work search to put in doubt the concepts and expreiences to linked to the ecological arrangement, socials, culturals and economicals created and used from the residents of the coast region of the Baía do Tubarão, situated in the eastern coastal maranhense, from the observation of the thinkig, the feeling and the making of the residents and of knowledges tecnical-scientifics that argument about the theme of nature, preservation, support, development, technology, people and traditional populations. Having like principal argument the understanding that the ecological systems, the studied area, remained more or less in conditions naturals in functions of theways of life, characteristic for the low condictions of access and manipulation of technologies of the market, owns of the groups that handling directly the naturals resources with potentials to available to them food and shelter. This estabilished, add to the rest of informations that has in this study, it might be useful to light up and/or to question politics of protection and intervention, in the enviromrnt area, to turned to the groups juridically called from people and traditional populations, beyond constitute it in document that will help the groups target of this academic investigation, or with similar characteristics, in the chore of the understand him in theirs productive practice and cultural in function of the handling of ecological systems.
Este trabalho busca problematizar conceitos e práticas vinculados aos arranjos ecológicos, sociais, culturais e econômicos criados e utilizados pelos moradores da região costeira da Baía do Tubarão, localizada no litoral oriental maranhense, a partir da observação do pensar, do sentir e do fazer de moradores e de saberes técnico-científicos que versam sobre as temáticas de natureza, preservação, conservação, sustentabilidade, desenvolvimento, tecnologia, povos e populações tradicionais. Ressalta-se como argumento principal o entendimento de que os sistemas ecológicos, da área estudada, se mantiveram mais ou menos em condições naturais em função dos modos e meios de vida, caracterizados por baixas condições de acesso e manipulação de tecnologias de mercado que são próprias de grupos que manejam diretamente os recursos naturais com potenciais para disponibilizar alimento e abrigo. Esta constatação, somada às demais informações contidas ao longo deste estudo, poderão ser úteis para iluminar e/ou questionar políticas de tutela e intervenção, na área ambiental, direcionadas aos grupos juridicamente chamados de povos e populações tradicionais, além de se constituir documento que ajudará aos grupos alvo desta investigação acadêmica, ou com características semelhantes, na tarefa de se auto perceberem em suas práticas produtivas e culturais em função do manejo de sistemas ecológicos.
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You, Chaekwang. « Perpetuated Hostility in World Politics -Great Powers, Veto Players, and Maintenance of International Rivalries- ». The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374065128.
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Teixeira, Rafael Montoito [UNESP]. « Euclid and his modern rivals (1879), Lewis Carrol : tradução e crítica ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102058.
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000718279.pdf: 1830647 bytes, checksum: 9937a8f4386e488a6aa662a94b1ed414 (MD5)Este trabalho apresenta uma tradução de Euclid and his modern rivals, de Lewis Carrol, seguida de dois ensaios analíticos desta obra. O livro de Carrol - inédito em língua portuguesa - defende, na forma de uma peça teatral, Os Elementos de Euclides como o melhor livro-texto para o ensino de Matemática numa época em que o sistema de educação da Inglaterra passava por uma revisão que incluiu a possibilidade de substituir o texto de Euclides por outro manual, mais moderno, mais prático e que representasse as trasnformações que representasse as transformações que caracterizam o final dos século XIX. Nos ensais, dentre outros aspectos, tematiza-se a atividade de traduzir, mobilizando teóricos da tradução e elementos gerais da obra sde Lewis Carrol. Considerando necessário compreender como o livro situa-se na história da ideias científicas - isto é, tornando-o como fonte historiográfica -, procedendo a uma investigação sobre o momento - o tempo e o espaço - em que foi escrito, do que resultaram compreensões que vinculam a elaboração do texto ao cenário da época vitoriana e às vivências pessoais do seu autor. Os dois ensaios, com a íntegra da tradução e com as notas de rodapé a ela incorporadas, compõem um esforço hermenêutico para compreender o Euclides e Seus Rivais Modernos e, consequentemente, apresentá-lo ao leitor
This work begins with a translation of Lewis Carroll's - Euclid and His Modern Rivals - followed by two texts which intend to be an initial hermeneutical analysis of it. This book - of which had not yet a translation to Portuguese -, was written as a theoretical play and claims that there is no better textbook than the Elements of Euclid for teaching Mathematics. Carrol does his defense of Euclid in a period in which the Enghish educational system is going through and extended revision, a time when the reform parameters consider the possibility of changing the books of Euclid for another manual, so to speak, more modern, more practical and more representative of the transformations that characterize the end of the 19th century. In our two essays, among other aspects, we study the activity of translating, mobilizing translation theorists and some general elements of Lewis Carrol's works in Math and Literature. Considering necessary to understand how the book takes part in the history of the scientific ideas - or, in other words, trying to undestand it as a historical source -, an investigation was made about the moment in which it was written, its time and its space. From this approach it was possible to elaborate a text studying the scenario of the Victorian period, revealing aspects of what we think to be some personal experiments of the author. Both texts - which must be considered in the light of the translation to the Portuguese language - are presented as an introduction of Euclid and His Modern Rivals, an effort to understand it and to present it to Portuguese speakers
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Teixeira, Rafael Montoito. « Euclid and his modern rivals (1879), Lewis Carrol : tradução e crítica / ». Bauru, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102058.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Antonio Vicente Marafiotti GarnicaBanca: Heloisa da Silva
Banca: Ivete Maria Baraldi
Banca: Marcelo Carbone
Banca: Maria Laura Magalhães Gomes
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma tradução de Euclid and his modern rivals, de Lewis Carrol, seguida de dois ensaios analíticos desta obra. O livro de Carrol - inédito em língua portuguesa - defende, na forma de uma peça teatral, Os Elementos de Euclides como o melhor livro-texto para o ensino de Matemática numa época em que o sistema de educação da Inglaterra passava por uma revisão que incluiu a possibilidade de substituir o texto de Euclides por outro manual, mais "moderno", mais "prático" e que representasse as trasnformações que representasse as transformações que caracterizam o final dos século XIX. Nos ensais, dentre outros aspectos, tematiza-se a atividade de traduzir, mobilizando teóricos da tradução e elementos gerais da obra sde Lewis Carrol. Considerando necessário compreender como o livro situa-se na história da ideias científicas - isto é, tornando-o como fonte historiográfica -, procedendo a uma investigação sobre o momento - o tempo e o espaço - em que foi escrito, do que resultaram compreensões que vinculam a elaboração do texto ao cenário da época vitoriana e às vivências pessoais do seu autor. Os dois ensaios, com a íntegra da tradução e com as notas de rodapé a ela incorporadas, compõem um esforço hermenêutico para compreender o Euclides e Seus Rivais Modernos e, consequentemente, apresentá-lo ao leitor
Abstract: This work begins with a translation of Lewis Carroll's - Euclid and His Modern Rivals - followed by two texts which intend to be an initial hermeneutical analysis of it. This book - of which had not yet a translation to Portuguese -, was written as a theoretical play and claims that there is no better textbook than the Elements of Euclid for teaching Mathematics. Carrol does his defense of Euclid in a period in which the Enghish educational system is going through and extended revision, a time when the reform parameters consider the possibility of changing the books of Euclid for another manual, so to speak, more "modern", more "practical" and more representative of the transformations that characterize the end of the 19th century. In our two essays, among other aspects, we study the activity of translating, mobilizing translation theorists and some general elements of Lewis Carrol's works in Math and Literature. Considering necessary to understand how the book takes part in the history of the scientific ideas - or, in other words, trying to undestand it as a historical source -, an investigation was made about the moment in which it was written, its time and its space. From this approach it was possible to elaborate a text studying the scenario of the Victorian period, revealing aspects of what we think to be some personal experiments of the author. Both texts - which must be considered in the light of the translation to the Portuguese language - are presented as an introduction of Euclid and His Modern Rivals, an effort to understand it and to present it to Portuguese speakers
Doutor
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Frank, Jill E. « Rivals of the Word : Rumors between Seventeenth-Century Hurons and Jesuits ». W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625767.
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Cerico, Pedro Manuel Caturras da Silva. « Cunha Rivara, um bibliotecario romântico ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18283.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Neste estudo procura-se contribuir para um melhor conhecimento das práticas biblioteconómicas do século XIX, nomeadamente na biblioteca eborense, captando desta forma as suas dinâmicas no período referido. A homogeneidade temática e a deterioração de parte da colecção conventual, que a biblioteca pública de Évora incorporou, levou o bibliotecário a proceder à venda a peso, o que lhe valeu o título de Átila. A elaboração do Catálogo de Manuscritos da Biblioteca Pública Eborense que reúne os papéis referentes ao Ultramar foi a obra que coroou Rivara, enquanto bibliotecário. A matriz biblioteconómica de Rivara sofreu influências nacionais: Herculano e Balsemão, e internacionais Constantin. O contacto com bibliotecas estrangeiras tinha por objectivo captar as boas práticas biblioteconómicas europeias. Rivara, dado a escassez de leitores que frequentavam a biblioteca, sente necessidade de atrair público revitalizando e dando uma maior utilidade social ao estabelecimento engendrando várias estratégias como por exemplo, as parcerias. - ABSTRACT; ln this project we intend to contribute to a better knowledge of the Library·s management system in the XIX century, mainly in what the Evora·s library is concerned, studying its ways and methods. The librarian of the public library of Évora was led to proceed to a bulk sale to which the nickname Attila was given because part of the Convent's collection books owned by this library was characterized by homogeneous themes and because it was in such a state of deterioration. The making of the Catálogo de Manuscritos da Biblioteca Pública Eborense, that gathers the ‘documents concerning the Overseas Colonies was what brought him prestige as a librarian . Rivara·s concept of Library was determined by national influences such as Herculano and Balsemão and by international ones such as Constantin. The connections with foreign libraries had as its main goal the receiving of data that would allow the use of the well known European methods. Rivara noticed the absence of readers in the library and felt the urge of attracting people by giving the Library a greater social utility and to accomplish his purpose the librarian traced a strategic plan that included partnerships.
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Servin, Sarah. « Inter-Service Rivalry in Mexico’s Armed Forces ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1047.
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The following thesis outlines the state of inter-service rivalry between the Mexican army and the navy. This thesis discusses both the technical and philosophical reasons as to why the two services are so competitive and explains some reasons as to why the two services cannot seem to work together in any capacity. My findings suggest that in order for Mexico to overcome this inter-service rivalry within their armed forces, they must increase civilian oversight and create a unifying civilian institution that promotes and fosters collaboration and accountability.
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Mason, Eric. « The War on Concepts : Enduring Rivalry Forever ? » Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321779.
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Wong, Elaine Min Yen. « The dynamics of interocular suppression ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28169.
Texte intégralRésumé :
When the two eyes are presented with dissimilar images, the brain has to
select one percept for awareness while suppressing the other. Interocular
suppression describes the loss of Visibility of one image in favour of its competitor,
and can be seen as a mechanism for understanding how, why, and Where percept
selection occurs within the Visual system. This thesis addresses how and where
interocular suppression takes place. By comparing the time courses of interocular
With intraocular suppression, that is, Visibility loss due to conflicting images
presented to only one eye, the major goal of the thesis is to show that interocular
suppression occurs in two stages along the visual pathway. Four lines of
experimental evidence are presented.
When Viewing a monocular conditioning stimulus, the abrupt onset of a
brief stimulus to the opposite eye results in a switch in perception to the new
stimulus. This phenomenon is known as flash suppression. The first study
(Chapter 4) investigated flash suppression under monocular and dichoptic
viewing conditions to provide the intraocular and interocular time courses,
respectively. This was carried out by probing Visual sensitivity to a test stimulus
before, during, and after the appearance of the flash stimulus. The time course
measured was the variation of threshold across time. The intraocular time course
had a single elevation, a transient peak occurring Close to the time the flash
stimulus was introduced. The interocular time course, on the other hand, had two
elevations: the first peak was similar to that of the intraocular time course, and the
second was a sustained peak starting about 100 ms later.
The second study (Chapter 5) used visual masking as a technique for
eliciting intraocular and interocular suppression, through monocular and
dichoptic masking, respectively. In the dichoptic masking condition, one eye was
presented with a masking stimulus for 100 ms. After a varying inter-stimulus
interval, a brief test stimulus was presented to the other eye. The contrast
threshold of the test stimulus was measured for each inter-stimulus interval. For
monocular masking, both masking and test stimuli were presented to the same
eye. The results showed a two-staged time course for interocular suppression,
which was not apparent in intraocular suppression. Additionally, interocular
suppression was more prolonged than intraocular suppression.
The third study (Chapter 6) measured suppression using a different
approach to the first and second studies. The experiment investigated crossorientation
interactions using a stream of rapidly-changing grating orientations
displayed to one eye and an independent stream to the other eye. One orientation
was nominated as the target, and participants pressed a key when they saw the
target. Using a reverse correlation technique, probability densities of two
orientations were found. The first, 61, preceded the key-press by the reaction time,
and the second, 02, preceded 61 by several hundreds of milliseconds. Analysis of
the data examined the cross-orientation interactions between 6] and 92 for grating
streams presented to the same eye (intraocular effect), and to different eyes
(interocular effect). Despite the differences in experimentation methods between
this and the masking study, the prolonged interocular suppression time course
was once again apparent in the cross-orientation experiments.
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Donnay, Dave. « The human in moral reasoning, personalism and natural law rivals or partners ? / ». Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Vallarino, Moncada Adriana. « Sibling rivalry in black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/200/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Chicks of several species compete with their siblings for parental provisioning of resources and care. This competition is mainly manifested by begging or food hoarding and in only few species, as in the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) direct aggression between the offspring is present.. It has been proposed that the degree of asymmetries between the members of a brood influence the severity and outcome of this conflict. Several inequalities between the offspring have been identified (e.g. age, size, egg quality). First- hatched chicks (A) are older, larger and hatch from a different quality egg and size than second- hatched chicks (B). These inequalities provide different advantages to the chicks within a brood but their influence in sibling rivalry have not been widely tested. In the present thesis egg components of A and B eggs were analysed, comparisons of behaviour, survival and growth of chicks in two different years were made and egg size and quality were experimentally manipulated in order to test their importance in the sibling rivarly outcome of the black-legged kittiwake. In chapter II egg composition analyses of A- and B- eggs within a clutch were made. It was found that mothers allocated more carotenoids and less testosterone to A- eggs, while corticosterone, lipid and protein content did not differ, although A- eggs were 4% larger than B- eggs. In chapter III comparisons of behaviour, growth and survival between two environmentally different years were made. 2004 was a year with poor quality food whilst 2005 was a year with good food quality. The majority of second-hatched chicks in 2004 died before reaching 10 days of age and were all dead before 15 days while in 2005, more than 80% of second-hatched chicks fledged. Same behaviours were performed by A and B chicks in both years but the behavioural patterns did: aggression increased with age in 2004 while begging and feeding decreased in A and B chicks; these behaviours did not change with age in 2005. In chapter IV the influence of egg size on sibling rivalry was experimentally tested by eliminating age and egg quality differences within a brood and manipulating only the egg size differences. Comparisons of survival, growth and behaviour were made between experimental and control broods in which all the natural asymmetries were present. Differences in egg size determined which chick became dominant but these differences did not change the brood behaviour. Furthermore, experimental broods showed very different behaviour from control broods and the frequency of aggression was different between experimental broods formed by A- or B- eggs. In order to test if eggs are adapted for their hatching position, in chapter V an experimental manipulation of the brood composition was carried out and one of the clutch eggs’ was swapped to make it hatch in a different position from the one it was made to hatch. The natural asymmetries in age and egg size were maintained. Broods with two first-laid eggs were less aggressive than control broods and than broods with two second-laid eggs. If A- and B- chicks are specifically made for their hatching position, their stress response should differ when they were artificially made to hatch on the same position and exposed to a stressor. This was tested on chapter VI and it was found that second hatched chicks from A- and B eggs did not differ on their stress response when facing a handling-stress protocol. On each year, natural broods fledged in higher proportion than experimental ones, which indicates that asymmetries within a brood are adaptive. It seems that eliminating within brood asymmetries is costly for the parents and perhaps these differences are optimal for maintaining a high efficiency index for the parents in terms of the amount of investment and the number of fledged chicks. Thus apparently, the main asymmetry influencing sibling rivalry is the difference in age of the offspring caused by hatching asynchronously.
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Webber, Matthew. « Stochastic neural field models of binocular rivalry waves ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c444a73e-20e3-454d-85ae-bbc8831fdf1f.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Binocular rivalry is an interesting phenomenon where perception oscillates between different images presented to the two eyes. This thesis is primarily concerned with modelling travelling waves of visual perception during transitions between these perceptual states. In order to model this effect in such a way that we retain as much analytical insight into the mechanisms as possible we employed neural field theory. That is, rather than modelling individual neurons in a neural network we treat the cortical surface as a continuous medium and establish integro-differential equations for the activity of a neural population. Our basic model which has been used by many previous authors both within and outside of neural field theory is to consider a one dimensional network of neurons for each eye. It is assumed that each network responds maximally to a particular feature of the underlying image, such as orientation. Recurrent connections within each network are taken to be excitatory and connections between the networks are taken to be inhibitory. In order for such a topology to exhibit the oscillations found in binocular rivalry there needs to be some form of slow adaptation which weakens the cross-connections under continued firing. By first considering a deterministic version of this model, we will show that, in fact, this slow adaptation also serves as a necessary "symmetry breaking" mechanism. Using this knowledge to make some mild assumptions we are then able to derive an expression for the shape of a travelling wave and its wave speed. We then go on to show that these predictions of our model are consistent not only with numerical simulations but also experimental evidence. It will turn out that it is not acceptable to completely ignore noise as it is a fundamental part of the underlying biology. Since methods for analyzing stochastic neural fields did not exist before our work, we first adapt methods originally intended for reaction-diffusion PDE systems to a stochastic version of a simple neural field equation. By regarding the motion of a stochastic travelling wave as being made up of two distinct components, firstly, the drift-diffusion of its overall position, secondly, fast fluctuations in its shape around some average front shape, we are able to derive a stochastic differential equation for the front position with respect to time. It is found that the front position undergoes a drift-diffusion process with constant coefficients. We then go on to show that our analysis agrees with numerical simulation. The original problem of stochastic binocular rivalry is then re-visited with this new toolkit and we are able to predict that the first passage time of a perceptual wave hitting a fixed barrier should be an inverse Gaussian distribution, a result which could potentially be experimentally tested. We also consider the implications of our stochastic work on different types of neural field equation to those used for modelling binocular rivalry. In particular, for neural fields which support pulled fronts propagating into an unstable state, the stochastic version of such an equation has wave fronts which undergo subdiffusive motion as opposed to the standard diffusion in the binocular rivalry case.
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Skerswetat, Jan. « Investigations of luminance- and contrast-modulated binocular rivalry ». Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2016. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/701517/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Binocular rivalry can occur when incompatible stimuli are presented separately to the eyes. Since the invention of the stereoscope by Wheatstone in 1838, binocular rivalry has been intensively investigated with visual stimuli, which are differentiated from the background by variations in luminance, so-called luminance-modulated stimuli. However, it is also possible to perceive stimuli for which luminance of the target does not differ from that of the background but instead varies in contrast: so-called contrast-modulated (CM) stimuli. The main aim of this thesis is to investigate CM and noisy luminance-modulated (LM) stimuli under binocular rivalry conditions as the gained knowledge would enhance our understanding of both CM processing, as well as binocular rivalry. Perceptual change rates, proportions of exclusive visibility, mixed percepts (i.e. piecemeal and superimposition), as well as changes of these proportions across time and distributions of perceptual phases were calculated and compared between various CM and LM stimulus conditions. To compare those stimulus types with each other, the detection threshold was measured in one experiment to determine the visibility of each stimulus type, i.e. multiples above threshold. LM stimuli engage in significantly more exclusive visibility and trigger more alternation even when CM stimuli are of comparable visibility. Lower proportions of exclusive visibility and numbers of perceptual alternation for CM stimuli were due to greater proportions of superimposition. When comparably visible LM and CM stimuli compete with each other under binocular rivalry conditions, CM exclusive visibility predominates over LM exclusive visibility. Even if LM visibility is many times above CM visibility, LM stimuli never reach perceptual predominance. This result suggests that CM stimuli are processed unlike LM stimuli by neurones that receive initial binocular input. The results obtained were integrated into models concerning alternation dynamics and underlying processing sites for LM and CM stimuli.
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Skerswetat, Jan. « Investigations of luminance- and contrast-modulated binocular rivalry ». Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2016. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/701517/1/Skerswetat_2016.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Binocular rivalry can occur when incompatible stimuli are presented separately to the eyes.
Since the invention of the stereoscope by Wheatstone in 1838, binocular rivalry has been
intensively investigated with visual stimuli, which are differentiated from the background by
variations in luminance, so-called luminance-modulated stimuli. However, it is also possible
to perceive stimuli for which luminance of the target does not differ from that of the
background but instead varies in contrast: so-called contrast-modulated (CM) stimuli. The
main aim of this thesis is to investigate CM and noisy luminance-modulated (LM) stimuli
under binocular rivalry conditions as the gained knowledge would enhance our understanding
of both CM processing, as well as binocular rivalry. Perceptual change rates, proportions of
exclusive visibility, mixed percepts (i.e. piecemeal and superimposition), as well as changes
of these proportions across time and distributions of perceptual phases were calculated and
compared between various CM and LM stimulus conditions. To compare those stimulus types
with each other, the detection threshold was measured in one experiment to determine the
visibility of each stimulus type, i.e. multiples above threshold. LM stimuli engage in
significantly more exclusive visibility and trigger more alternation even when CM stimuli are
of comparable visibility. Lower proportions of exclusive visibility and numbers of perceptual
alternation for CM stimuli were due to greater proportions of superimposition. When
comparably visible LM and CM stimuli compete with each other under binocular rivalry
conditions, CM exclusive visibility predominates over LM exclusive visibility. Even if LM
visibility is many times above CM visibility, LM stimuli never reach perceptual
predominance. This result suggests that CM stimuli are processed unlike LM stimuli by
neurones that receive initial binocular input. The results obtained were integrated into models
concerning alternation dynamics and underlying processing sites for LM and CM stimuli.
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太田, 伸幸, et Nobuyuki Ota. « 学習におけるライバルの人物像についての基礎的検討 ». 名古屋大学教育学部, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/2958.
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Pozderac-Chenevey, Sarah. « Diva Rivalry for Fun and Profit : An Examination of Diva [Mis-]Conceptions via the Rivalry of Maria Callas and Renata Tebaldi ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1384870010.
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Miller, Steven M. « An interhemispheric switch in binocular rivalry and bipolar disorder / ». [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17585.pdf.
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Blankshain, Jessica Deighan. « Essays on Interservice Rivalry and American Civil-Military Relations ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11505.
Texte intégralRésumé :
How does interservice rivalry affect American civil-military relations? In three essays, I develop theoretical propositions about the relationship between interservice rivalry and civil-military outcomes; propose a two-stage model of civil-military interaction surrounding use of force decisions; and investigate the correlates of interservice rivalry with a focus on budget pressure.
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Rasheed, Amjed Majeed. « Syro-Iraqi relations : the puzzle of the perpetual rivalry ». Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12046/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis investigates and analyses the puzzle concerning the constant hostility between Syria and Iraq. Empirical and experimental examinations show that while pan-Arabism played a secondary role in the conflict between Syria and Iraq, the geopolitical realities of the two countries, and resemblance of the belief systems of the two presidents Ḥāfeẓ al-Asad and Ṣaddām Ḥusayn played a determining role in Syro-Iraqi hostile relations. The rivalry between Syria and Iraq was driven by power consolidation and regional leadership, but also in an ideological sense by a romanticised conception of pan-Arabism. When the Baʿth party came to power in both countries, the two regimes became almost identical ideologically (Sluglett, 2000). As a result, they ended up competing over the same tools of regime legitimacy (Eppel, 1999). Therefore, although pan-Arabism has always played a role in Syro-Iraqi tension, its role during this period was secondary. The geopolitical position of Syria and Iraq determined their foreign policy role. The Persian Gulf was the Iraqi regime’s area of influence, while Lebanon was Syria’s area of influence because of its lack of strategic depth. As a result, geopolitics stretched the two regimes in two opposite directions (Ehteshami, 2015). Thus, the Iraqi regime adopted a dogmatic approach in the Arab-Israel conflict, whereas the Syrian regime took a pragmatic approach in this conflict because of its geographical proximity to Israel. The two main subjects of geopolitics, the Kirkuk-Banias pipeline, and the water of the Euphrates, also played a significant role in feeding the tension between the two countries. When Presidents Ḥāfeẓ al-Asad and Ṣaddām Ḥusayn – both powerful personalities - came to power (1970 and 1979 respectively), they added a personal element to the dynamics of hostile Syro-Iraqi relations. This thesis argues that because the two presidents dominated the process of decision making in their countries, their belief systems played a determining role in shaping Syro-Iraqi hostility. The experimental research demonstrates that the two presidents had similar belief systems – represented by dogmatism and mistrust of others, risk-taking, and adopting passive cooperation as a strategy in their foreign policy behaviour – which made reconciliation between Syria and Iraq exceedingly unlikely during the period they were in power (1979-2000).
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Афанасієва, Анастасія Олексіївна. « Fashion blogging vs magazines in rivalry for consumers attention ». Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15245.
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Adamo, Stephen Hunter. « Semantic Suppression in Figure-Ground Perception and Binocular Rivalry ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146907.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Figure-ground segregation occurs when one of two regions sharing a border is perceived as a shaped entity (a figure) and the other is perceived as a shapeless background to the figure. The mechanism of figure-ground perception is inhibitory competition. Peterson and Skow (2008) showed that a familiar configuration that loses the competition for figural status is not perceived consciously and is suppressed, at least at the level of categorical shape. A remaining question is whether the semantics of the familiar configuration are also accessed and suppressed. The present study investigates this question through binocular rivalry. Binocular rivalry occurs when separate images are simultaneously presented to the left and right eyes. Typically one dominates at any given moment, and awareness alternates back and forth between these two images. The image that is not perceived is suppressed (Wheatstone, 1838). The present experiments investigated how the suppression in figure-ground perception and the suppression in binocular rivalry interact. In one eye, subjects viewed a silhouette that initially dominated because a dynamic, colorful pattern was presented within the confines of the figure. In the other eye, participants viewed a word string either a word that named a familiar configuration or a non-word; the letter string was initially suppressed. Experiment 1 explored whether the time required for the letter string to reach awareness between a silhouette that had a hidden, familiar configuration on the ground side or a silhouette with a novel configuration on the ground. Experiment 2 observed the time required to make a lexical decision once the letter string arrived to awareness. Both experiments failed to yield evidence for an interaction between figure-ground and binocular rivalry suppression. This suggests that during binocular rivalry, a shape suppressed by figure-ground competition fails to interact with a word corresponding to the suppressed shape.
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Heslop, Karen Ruth. « Binocular rivalry and visuospatial ability in individuals with schizophrenia ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/59610/1/Karen_Heslop_Thesis.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Visual abnormalities, both at the sensory input and the higher interpretive levels, have been associated with many of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Individuals with schizophrenia typically experience distortions of sensory perception, resulting in perceptual hallucinations and delusions that are related to the observed visual deficits. Disorganised speech, thinking and behaviour are commonly experienced by sufferers of the disorder, and have also been attributed to perceptual disturbances associated with anomalies in visual processing. Compounding these issues are marked deficits in cognitive functioning that are observed in approximately 80% of those with schizophrenia. Cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia include: difficulty with concentration and memory (i.e. working, visual and verbal), an impaired ability to process complex information, response inhibition and deficits in speed of processing, visual and verbal learning. Deficits in sustained attention or vigilance, poor executive functioning such as poor reasoning, problem solving, and social cognition, are all influenced by impaired visual processing. These symptoms impact on the internal perceptual world of those with schizophrenia, and hamper their ability to navigate their external environment. Visual processing abnormalities in schizophrenia are likely to worsen personal, social and occupational functioning.
Binocular rivalry provides a unique opportunity to investigate the processes involved in visual awareness and visual perception. Binocular rivalry is the alternation of perceptual images that occurs when conflicting visual stimuli are presented to each eye in the same retinal location. The observer perceives the opposing images in an alternating fashion, despite the sensory input to each eye remaining constant. Binocular rivalry tasks have been developed to investigate specific parts of the visual system. The research presented in this Thesis provides an explorative investigation into binocular rivalry in schizophrenia, using the method of Pettigrew and Miller (1998) and comparing individuals with schizophrenia to healthy controls. This method allows manipulations to the spatial and temporal frequency, luminance contrast and chromaticity of the visual stimuli. Manipulations to the rival stimuli affect the rate of binocular rivalry alternations and the time spent perceiving each image (dominance duration). Binocular rivalry rate and dominance durations provide useful measures to investigate aspects of visual neural processing that lead to the perceptual disturbances and cognitive dysfunction attributed to schizophrenia. However, despite this promise the binocular rivalry phenomenon has not been extensively explored in schizophrenia to date.
Following a review of the literature, the research in this Thesis examined individual variation in binocular rivalry. The initial study (Chapter 2) explored the effect of systematically altering the properties of the stimuli (i.e. spatial and temporal frequency, luminance contrast and chromaticity) on binocular rivalry rate and dominance durations in healthy individuals (n=20). The findings showed that altering the stimuli with respect to temporal frequency and luminance contrast significantly affected rate. This is significant as processing of temporal frequency and luminance contrast have consistently been demonstrated to be abnormal in schizophrenia.
The current research then explored binocular rivalry in schizophrenia. The primary research question was, "Are binocular rivalry rates and dominance durations recorded in participants with schizophrenia different to those of the controls?" In this second study binocular rivalry data that were collected using low- and highstrength binocular rivalry were compared to alternations recorded during a monocular rivalry task, the Necker Cube task to replicate and advance the work of Miller et al., (2003). Participants with schizophrenia (n=20) recorded fewer alternations (i.e. slower alternation rates) than control participants (n=20) on both binocular rivalry tasks, however no difference was observed between the groups on the Necker cube task.
Magnocellular and parvocellular visual pathways, thought to be abnormal in schizophrenia, were also investigated in binocular rivalry. The binocular rivalry stimuli used in this third study (Chapter 4) were altered to bias the task for one of these two pathways. Participants with schizophrenia recorded slower binocular rivalry rates than controls in both binocular rivalry tasks. Using a ‘within subject design’, binocular rivalry data were compared to data collected from a backwardmasking task widely accepted to bias both these pathways. Based on these data, a model of binocular rivalry, based on the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways that contribute to the dorsal and ventral visual streams, was developed.
Binocular rivalry rates were compared with performance on the Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation task, in individuals with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls (Chapter 5). The Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation task is widely accepted to be processed within the right cerebral hemisphere, making it an appropriate task to investigate the role of the cerebral hemispheres in binocular rivalry, and to investigate the inter-hemispheric switching hypothesis of binocular rivalry proposed by Pettigrew and Miller (1998, 2003). The data were suggestive of intra-hemispheric rather than an inter-hemispheric visual processing in binocular rivalry.
Neurotransmitter involvement in binocular rivalry, backward masking and Judgment of Line Orientation in schizophrenia were investigated using a genetic indicator of dopamine receptor distribution and functioning; the presence of the Taq1 allele of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) receptor gene. This final study (Chapter 6) explored whether the presence of the Taq1 allele of the DRD2 receptor gene, and thus, by inference the distribution of dopamine receptors and dopamine function, accounted for the large individual variation in binocular rivalry. The presence of the Taq1 allele was associated with slower binocular rivalry rates or poorer performance in the backward masking and Judgment of Line Orientation tasks seen in the group with schizophrenia.
This Thesis has contributed to what is known about binocular rivalry in schizophrenia. Consistently slower binocular rivalry rates were observed in participants with schizophrenia, indicating abnormally-slow visual processing in this group. These data support previous studies reporting visual processing abnormalities in schizophrenia and suggest that a slow binocular rivalry rate is not a feature specific to bipolar disorder, but may be a feature of disorders with psychotic features generally.
The contributions of the magnocellular or dorsal pathways and parvocellular or ventral pathways to binocular rivalry, and therefore to perceptual awareness, were investigated. The data presented supported the view that the magnocellular system initiates perceptual awareness of an image and the parvocellular system maintains the perception of the image, making it available to higher level processing occurring within the cortical hemispheres. Abnormal magnocellular and parvocellular processing may both contribute to perceptual disturbances that ultimately contribute to the cognitive dysfunction associated with schizophrenia. An alternative model of binocular rivalry based on these observations was proposed.
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Girardi, Gherardo Gino Giuseppe. « The positive effect of entry of rivals on incumbents' profits : the see-saw effect ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1873/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The thesis is a theoretical study of different mechanisms by which an increase in the number of rival firms leads to an increase in profits of an incumbent. Consequently, an incumbent may find it profitable to invite rivals, as is sometimes observed, for example in the semiconductor industry. Chapter 2: We expand the work by Farrell and Gallini (1988), in which a monopoly invites rivals to commit in period1 to low prices in period 2. Instead of assuming Bertrand competition as Farrell and Gallini do, we assume Cournot competition, and find the optimal number of rivals from an incumbent's point of view. Furthermore, the incumbent may invite rivals to enter already in period 1 so as to 'share' any losses incurred in the first period of production. Chapter 3: We propose a new mechanism by which an incumbent firm may want to invite rivals, based on the existence of capacity constraints, which we model as decreasing returns to scale. An incumbent may attract rivals in period 2 to increase consumer surplus in the same period above the level which it finds cost-effective to achieve on its own, enabling consumers to tolerate a higher price in period 1. Chapter 4: A multinational which trains workers may enjoy higher profits when more of its workers are poached by rival firms if it is compensated by a sufficiently lower wage during training. More workers are poached when there are more non-training firms and when training is more general. The result depends on the assumption of decreasing returns to scale, so that an increase in the number of poaching firms, or training that is more general, expands worker surplus beyond the level that the multinational could achieve on its own. The multinational can then pay trainees a lower wage.
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Peko, Samantha N. « Stunt Girls : Elizabeth Bisland, Nell Nelson, and Ada Patterson as Rivals to Nellie Bly ». Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1468945971.
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Hughes, Margaret Vardell. « INVESTORS REACTIONS TO COMPETITIVE ACTIONS AMONG RIVALS : A STEP TOWARD STRATEGIC ASSET PRICING THEORY ». Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/895.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2008.Title from document title page (viewed on October 29, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains: vii, 133 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-130).
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太田, 伸幸, et Nobuyuki OTA. « 学習場面におけるライバルの有無に影響する要因 : 社会的比較と対人志向性に関する意識に注目して ». 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/3126.
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Strandborg, Larsson Malin. « Älska din rival : En semiotisk och retorisk analys av varumärket Björn Borgs reklamkampanj Dear Rival ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, JMK, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157263.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Syfte Syftet med denna studie var att kartlägga Björn Borgs PR-kampanj Dear Rival med varumärkets identitet som utgångspunkt för att se hur mycket av varumärket som uttrycks i deras kampanj. Metod Med hjälp av en semiotisk och en retorisk analysmetod har delar av kampanjens bild samt film material noggrant undersökts. Teori För den teoretiska grunden har i denna studie begreppen varumärke, PR, Brand identity, Brand image, konstruktion och representation redogjorts.Mycket av studiens fokus har legat vid att finna rätt begrepp för att studiens ändamål, nämligen kartläggningen av kampanjen. Dessa begrepp har gett förutsättningar att förstå hur varumärket arbetat med kampanjen. Analys och Resultat Analysen har varit mycket omfattande och tar upp den större delen av studien, detta på grund av semiotikens strävan efter detaljnoggrannhet samt för att hitta likheterna mellan kampanjens olika beståndsdelar. I stor utsträckning gav analysen likriktade svar hos kampanjens olika delar detta med. Slutsats Varumärkets identitet uttrycks starkt i kampanjen som kartlagts och vad som var signifikant för alla delar var deras starka och enhetliga sätt att övertyga dess målgrupp med hjälp av medel som var knutna till känslor.