Thèses : « Risk perception analysis »

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Zhang, Minhao. « Managerial perception of supply chain quality risk : risk analysis and decision analysis ». Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20715/.

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Due to increased supply chain complexity, ensuring the quality of supply materials or products from upstream suppliers has become a challenge for firms. A great deal has been written on possible solutions and strategies to deal with supply chain quality risk (SCQR) in recent years. However, the manager’s decision-making process in relation to SCQR has not been fully researched. To close this gap, the aims of this study were to scrutinise managers’ perceptions of SCQR, as well as the antecedents of and decision-making related to perceived SCQR. The relevant literature was comprehensively reviewed in order to build a foundation for the conceptualisation of perceived SCQR. This study proposed that the managerial perception of SCQR was a multi-dimensional concept with four representations. A rigorous scale development process was adopted to develop a set of reliable instruments to measure perceived SCQR. With a sample of 316 Chinese manufacturers, the validity and reliability of the measurement scales for the representations of SCQR perception were assessed. Based on the risky-decision making model, a theoretical framework of the managerial decision-making process in relation to perceived SCQR was proposed. Furthermore, the agency theory and resource dependence theory were drawn on to identify factors related to the supply chain relationship and supply chain quality barriers that might have effects on three of the representations of SCQR. Based on the resource dependence theory, it was found that buyer and supplier dependence affect the representations of SCQR differently. The empirical results indicate that the inability to test and inability to trace are significant drivers of the perception of SCQR. The representation of SCQR impact on the intention of adopting two oriented quality management practices was also examined. The result reveals that when managers face increasing SCQR, they tend to be conservative in applying the quality management practices.

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Stuessy, Tom. « Risk perception a quantitative analysis of skydiving participation / ». [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3290765.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: A, page: 4862. Adviser: Joel Meier. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 22, 2008).

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Walpole, Hugh David. « Re-Perceiving Perceived Risk : Examining the Psychological Structure of Risk Perception ». The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu157469610850242.

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Dieckmann, Nathan F. « Communicating risk in intelligence forecasts : the consumer's perspective / ». Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/6204.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-178). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

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Chapado, Miguel Ângelo de Oliveira Pereira Nunes. « How does risk perception affects attitudes toward risk ? An empirical work in Mozambique context ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15127.

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Mestrado em Finanças
O objetivo principal deste trabalho é inferir uma relação entre as atitudes perante o risco e a percepção de risco. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário de duas partes que foi aplicado a 164 estudantes universitários em Moçambique. Os principais dados utilizados derivaram de uma escala DOSPERT de 65 itens, especialmente construída para ser aplicada em Moçambique encurtada através de uma análise factorial confirmatória. A escala final utilizada foi uma escala de 30 itens dividida por 6 subdomínios de risco. Essa escala apresentou resultados interessantes nas métricas escolhidas de três domínios avaliados: Unidimensionalidade; Confiabilidade e Validade. Adicionamente, foi aplicado a teoria da utilidade a uma amostra de 72 indivíduos. O questionário permite uma comparação entre duas técnicas de atitudes perante o risco: (1) Escala DOSPERT; (2) Teoria esperada da utilidade. Usando as métricas DOSPERT, foi possível realizar uma análise de regressão, regredindo benefícios esperados e percepção de risco como variáveis independentes e atitude perante o risco como variável dependente. Para a percepção de risco, os resultados mostraram uma relação negativa com as atitudes em relação ao risco para todos os subdomínios de risco, exceto Saúde / Segurança, sendo estaticamente significativo para os subdomínios de risco Financeiro /Aposta, Ético e Recreativo. Usando a teoria da utilidade, foi possível calcular a curvatura da função de utilidade (alpha). Além disso, e realizando a mesma regressão, mas usando alpha obteve-se para resultados fracos. Os resultados contribuem para a hipótese de que as métricas DOSPERT e as métricas da utilidade medem diferentes coisas.
The main purpose of this work it to infer a relationship between attitudes toward risk and risk perception. The data was collected via a two-part questionnaire and applied to 164 graduate students in Mozambique. The main data used derived from a 65-item DOSPERT scale, especially constructed to be applied in Mozambique, which was shortened via a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The final scale was a 30-item scale divided by 6 sub-domains of risk. This scale presented interesting results in the chosen metrics of three domains evaluated: Unidimensionality; Reliability; Validity. The final scale should be fined tuned for future research purposes and was prepared to be applied to similar cultural contexts. Additionally, it was applied utility theory to 72 individuals. The questionnaire allows a comparison between two measures of attitudes toward risk (1) DOSPERT Scale; (2) Expected Utility Theory. Using the DOSPERT metrics, it was possible to perform a regression analysis, regressing expected benefits and risk perception as independent variables and attitudes toward risk as dependent variable. The results help to answer the proposed research question. For risk perception, results showed a negative relationship with attitudes toward risk for all sub-domains of risk except Health/Safety, being statically significant for the Financial/Gambling, Ethical and Recreational sub-domains of risk. Using utility theory, it was possible to the curvature of the utility function (alpha). Moreover, and performing the same regression but using alpha the lead to poor results. The results contribute to hypothesize that the DOSPERT metrics and the utility metrics measure different things.
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Shetawy, Fatmaelzahraa Rady Mohamed Ahmed <1993&gt. « An analysis of Risk perception and attitudes towards climate change in Egypt ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21551.

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Egypt is one of the world's most vulnerable countries to the potential effects of climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel identified the Nile Delta on Climate Change (IPCC) as one of the most vulnerable deltas to sea-level rise. Despite these alarming predictions, there has been a deficiency of in-depth research on public risk perceptions of climate change in Egypt. Identifying the public's risk perception of climate change is critical for informing policy and developing effective risk communication strategies that improve public engagement with climate change and encourage actions to mitigate climate change impacts. This study is conducted in Egypt, focusing on three major cities. Egypt's major cities are Cairo (including the governorates of Cairo and Giza) and Alexandria, Al-Sharqiyyah. Data was collected through an online survey shared on different social media platforms. This study contributes to the academic literature by looking deeper into public risk perceptions of climate change and current behaviour responses to climate change in Egypt. We introduce encompassing exploratory model inspired by the CCRPM conceptual framework that could explain variation in climate risk perception of climate change in Egypt. the model includes knowledge about climate change, affect (feelings), psychological distance (closeness) of climate change, the experience of extreme weather events, and demographic variables. Each determinant was chosen based on its relevance to the Egyptian context. This will lead to a better understanding of the main drivers of climate change risk perception, with a particular focus on Egypt, where no comprehensive climate change risk perception studies have been presented in the previous literature. The following research questions will define the study's main objectives: • How do Egyptians perceive climate change? • What do Egyptians believe about the reality and causes of climate change? • To what extent are Egyptians concerned with climate change? • Are there demographic differences in perceptions of climate change in Egypt? • What are the predictors of climate change risk perception in Egypt? • What are the current environmental behaviours of Egyptians to cope with climate change?

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Filipsson, Monika. « Uncertainty, variability and environmental risk analysis ». Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-11193.

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The negative effects of hazardous substances and possible measures that can be taken are evaluated in the environmental risk analysis process, consisting of risk assessment, risk communication and risk management. Uncertainty due to lack of knowledge and natural variability are always present in this process. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate some tools as well as discuss the management of uncertainty and variability, as it is necessary to treat them both in a reliable and transparent way to gain regulatory acceptance in decision making. The catalytic effects of various metals on the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds during the heating of fly ash were investigated (paper I). Copper showed a positive catalytic effect, while cobalt, chromium and vanadium showed a catalytic effect for degradation. Knowledge of the catalytic effects may facilitate the choice and design of combustion processes to decrease emissions, but it also provides valuable information to identify and characterize the hazard. Exposure factors of importance in risk assessment (physiological parameters, time use factors and food consumption) were collected and evaluated (paper II). Interindividual variability was characterized by mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis and multiple percentiles, while uncertainty in these parameters was estimated with confidence intervals. How these statistical parameters can be applied was shown in two exposure assessments (papers III and IV). Probability bounds analysis was used as a probabilistic approach, which enables separate propagation of uncertainty and variability even in cases where the availability of data is limited. In paper III it was determined that the exposure cannot be expected to cause any negative health effects for recreational users of a public bathing place. Paper IV concluded that the uncertainty interval in the estimated exposure increased when accounting for possible changes in climate-sensitive model variables. Risk managers often need to rely on precaution and an increased uncertainty may therefore have implications for risk management decisions. Paper V focuses on risk management and a questionnaire was sent to employees at all Swedish County Administrative Boards working with contaminated land. It was concluded that the gender, age and work experience of the employees, as well as the funding source of the risk assessment, all have an impact on the reviewing of risk assessments. Gender was the most significant factor, and it also affected the perception of knowledge.
Negativa effekter orsakade av skadliga ämnen och möjliga åtgärder bedöms och utvärderas i en miljöriskanalys, som kan delas i riskbedömning, riskkommunikation och riskhantering. Osäkerhet som beror på kunskapsbrist samt naturlig variabilitet finns alltid närvarande i denna process. Syftet med avhandlingen är att utvärdera några tillvägagångssätt samt diskutera hur osäkerhet och variabilitet hanteras då det är nödvändigt att båda hanteras trovärdigt och transparent för att riskbedömningen ska vara användbar för beslutsfattande. Metallers katalytiska effekt på bildning av klorerade aromatiska ämnen under upphettning av flygaska undersöktes (artikel I). Koppar visade en positiv katalytisk effekt medan kobolt, krom och vanadin istället katalyserade nedbrytningen. Kunskap om katalytisk potential för bildning av skadliga ämnen är viktigt vid val och design av förbränningsprocesser för att minska utsläppen, men det är också ett exempel på hur en fara kan identifieras och karaktäriseras. Information om exponeringsfaktorer som är viktiga i riskbedömning (fysiologiska parametrar, tidsanvändning och livsmedelskonsumtion) samlades in och analyserades (artikel II). Interindividuell variabilitet karaktäriserades av medel, standardavvikelse, skevhet, kurtosis (toppighet) och multipla percentiler medan osäkerhet i dessa parametrar skattades med konfidensintervall. Hur dessa statistiska parametrar kan tillämpas i exponeringsbedömningar visas i artikel III och IV. Probability bounds analysis användes som probabilistisk metod, vilket gör det möjligt att separera osäkerhet och variabilitet i bedömningen även när tillgången på data är begränsad. Exponeringsbedömningen i artikel III visade att vid nu rådande föroreningshalter i sediment i en badsjö så medför inte bad någon hälsofara. I artikel IV visades att osäkerhetsintervallet i den skattade exponeringen ökar när hänsyn tas till förändringar i klimatkänsliga modellvariabler. Riskhanterare måste ta hänsyn till försiktighetsprincipen och en ökad osäkerhet kan därmed få konsekvenser för riskhanteringsbesluten. Artikel V fokuserar på riskhantering och en enkät skickades till alla anställda som arbetar med förorenad mark på länsstyrelserna i Sverige. Det konstaterades att anställdas kön, ålder och erfarenhet har en inverkan på granskningsprocessen av riskbedömningar. Kön var den mest signifikanta variabeln, vilken också påverkade perceptionen av kunskap. Skillnader i de anställdas svar kunde också ses beroende på om riskbedömningen finansierades av statliga bidrag eller av en ansvarig verksamhetsutövare.

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Keaveney, Alexis A. « Acetaminophen, Affect, and Risk : An Analysis of Psychological and Neurochemical Mechanisms ». The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1477054183340724.

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McCormac, Daniel. « What changes in media risk frames reveal about changing attitudes toward modern life the case of the Greek Press, 1977-2004 / ». Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4505.

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Thesis (M.A.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 24, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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Leburu, Botho Felicia. « An analysis of cognitive biases and risk perceptions on female entrepreneurship success ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81319.

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The proliferation of female entrepreneurs, especially in developing countries, instigated this study, to understand their judgement and decision-making processes in the highly complex and uncertain entrepreneurial landscape within which they need to thrive. The study focused on cognitive bias and its effects on risk perception and firm performance, particularly in female entrepreneurs. This study took a quantitative approach to analyse the effects of cognitive bias. A cross sectional explanatory research design, using a combination of purposive and snowballing non-probability sampling strategies, yielded a sample of 75 female entrepreneurs. The data collected on their risk perception, which is believed to be a determinant of success, was analysed using Pearson’s correlations, paired t-tests and multivariate regression statistical techniques. The key findings of this study are based on the evaluation of four research hypotheses were; a weak negative relationship exists between overconfidence and risk perception; a positive relationship exists between overoptimism and risk perception; and no relationship exists between self-efficacy and risk perception. With regard to firm performance, none of the cognitive biases or risk perceptions were found to have any statistically significant relationship. This study brought a different dimension to the effects of cognitive bias, as its findings mostly contradicted existing literature.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2021.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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Vilan, Beatriz Correia Monrroy. « Financial structured products in the portuguese retail market : analysis of investor’s fitting and risk perception ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20144.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Cada vez mais os investidores portugueses optam por investir em produtos estruturados que podem resultar em perdas de capital. Estes investidores individuais são atraídos pela publicidade de retornos elevados dos bancos portugueses que por sua vez têm vindo a reforçar a criatividade dos seus produtos transacionados. O principal objetivo deste projeto é responder à pergunta: Quão adequados e apropriados são os produtos estruturados para os investidores individuais? Para isso, inicialmente, é apresentada uma revisão da literatura sobre os produtos estruturados e de seguida, um foco no mercado de retalho. Paralelamente, uma amostra de base de dados (sobre os produtos estruturados disponíveis publicamente na banca portuguesa - CMVM - Comissão de Mercado de Valores Mobiliários) foi preparada para definir os produtos mais comuns e as condições para realizar a avaliação. O objetivo deste trabalho é também debater as condições em que as decisões dos investidores individuais - usando soluções complexas de investimento - para além das suas capacidades de literacia financeira, podem originar um risco implícito que por sua vez pode afetar as suas expetativas na criação do seu ciclo de poupanças. Os resultados mostram os retornos esperados publicitados são improváveis de ocorrer, e apenas em condições muito específicas para alguns investidores avessos ao risco, é preferível obter exposição indireta - usando os produtos estruturados - em vez de deter os ativos de risco. Mas, para os investidores em geral, a utilidade esperada pode favorecer a exposição direta aos ativos subjacentes.
More and more Portuguese investors are choosing to invest in structured products that can end up into capital losses. These individual investors are enticed by the advertising of high returns from national banks which have been strengthening the creativity of the traded products. Many of these structured products are too complex, and it can make them difficult to understand. The main objective of this project is to answer the question: How fit and proper are structured products for individual investors? For that, at first, it is presented a literature review on structured products and focus on the research of retail segment. In parallel, a sample database (on publicly available structured products in the banking industry - CMVM - Comissão de Mercado de Valores Mobiliários) was prepared to define the most common products and the conditions to perform the valuation. The objective of this work is also to discuss the conditions where individual investors decisions - using complex investment solutions - beyond their financial literacy capabilities may originate a shadow risk that can impact their expectations on building their savings life cycle. Results show that marketed expected returns are unlikely to occur, and only in very specific conditions for some risk averse investors it is preferable to gain indirect exposure - using structured products - rather than owning the risky assets. But, on general investors under expected utility may favor direct exposure to underlying assets.
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Ferry, Joshua David. « Phosphorus Management in the Agroecosystem : An analysis of knowledge and perceived risk ». The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1300980591.

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Helms, Sarah. « Assessment of perceived positive and negative outcomes in risky adolescent dating and peer situations : A descriptive analysis of risk and benefit perception ». VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2019.

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Peer and dating violence perpetration and victimization are common experiences placing adolescents at-risk for maladaptive outcomes, yet little research has focused on specific problematic situations associated with these types of violence and other related risk-taking behaviors. Further, prevention programs have typically focused on changing beliefs, attitudes, and skill-deficits, with little attention to adolescents’ motivations or perceptions of costs and benefits associated with risky situations, despite support for this type of research in other health-related fields (e.g., substance abuse, behavioral medicine). The current study assessed adolescents’ perceptions of potential positive and negative outcomes associated with risky dating and peer situations, many of which may increase youths’ risks for violence perpetration or victimization. Interviews were conducted with 82 predominantly African American adolescents living in an urban setting. At the conclusion of qualitative coding, 17 and 13 themes were identified for risky dating and peer situations, respectively. Content within these themes included potential positive and negative outcomes and associated processes and contextual factors identified by youth, across topics such as aggression, victimization, and other risks for physical or psychological harm; interpersonal and intrapersonal processes associated with dating and peer relationships (e.g., communication, emotion, respect, pressure); and more concrete costs and benefits for youth (e.g., gain or loss of financial or material goods, opportunities for fun things to do). This research has important implications for improving the ecological relevance and credibility of youth violence prevention programs, and the discussion of decisional balances of potential costs and benefits may represent important targets for prevention programs.

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Clement, Stephen. « USING MAVT TO INCORPORATE PUBLIC PERCEPTION WHEN CHOOSING A NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ». VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4635.

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Nuclear energy is a source of carbon free power. With many countries striving to make deep carbon cuts in their energy sectors, nuclear energy could be a large part of the solution. One of the main obstacles standing in the way of the use of nuclear energy is the issue of used nuclear fuel disposal. According to the NEI, the U.S. creates about 2000 metric tons of used nuclear fuel per year and has generated around 76,000 metric tons of used nuclear fuel over the last 4 decades. While there are technical problems that need to be solved, it is primarily the public and political opposition to the disposal of used nuclear fuel that stands in the way of progress in this area. This work addresses this issue through Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). To make a decision among ten different fuel cycles, we have brought together five stakeholders: Nuclear Scientists and Engineers, Environmental Scientists, Economists, Political Scientists, and The General Public. Using Multi-Attribute Value Theory (MAVT), we have been able to develop decision models for each stakeholder as well as a model that combines them all and came to the conclusion that of the ten fuel cycles considered, the best decision is to continue to use On Site Dry Cask Storage. This decision is made with small sample sizes but the methodology could be applied at much larger scales and can potentially be used to choose a fuel cycle that encounters much less political and social opposition to its implementation.

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Selkregg, Sheila Ann. « The Decision and Rationale which Led to Construction on High-risk Land after the 1964 Alaska Earthquake : Analysis of Risk-based Cultural Dissociation ». PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1302.

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Many lives and much property are lost in disasters when individuals and communities choose to ignore information which could mitigate the potential disaster. This case study examines community and individual decision processes and rationale which led to construction of a high-occupancy high-rise courthouse on land designated as high risk after the 1964 Alaska earthquake. The study reviews policy and decision making, psychology, and risk management literature to explore the psychological mechanisms and processes of hazard mitigation decisions. It questions why individuals and communities choose not to mitigate when they have the information which makes risk mitigation possible. The hypothesis theorizes risk-based cultural dissociation and submits that individuals and society process risk-related information in a manner that allows for interpretation and acknowledgement of information so that it is compatible with individual and social agendas and constructs. Society and individuals can and do completely deny or dissociate from risk-related information. This exploratory research uses macro, meso, and micro levels of analysis to examine the environmental setting, land ownership and power, and professional and public seismic information. This examination is placed in the context of Anchorage's post-earthquake reconstruction momentum. Indepth interviews with elected officials, a bank president, insurance executives, investors, builders, appointed officials, private and public professionals, court representatives, a judge, a juror, and citizens provide insight into risk perception and individual and community agendas. The interviews revealed each level of analysis had different perceptions of risk and different agendas. Professional warnings not to reconstruct on high-risk land were ignored. Downtown economic interests and powerful individuals significantly impacted the community decision process. One charismatic leader played a major role in the community reconstruction and courthouse decisions. Research findings support the hypothesis. Individuals consistently chose to deny earthquake potential in their daily lives. Selective interpretation of information allowed individuals to support their own agendas. Community decision processes allowed deletion of important information and a transference of responsibility, resulting in no decision body or individual feeling responsible for the decision. Risk-based cultural dissociation is defined and presented in this research as a direction for future study.

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Rahman, Naseef. « International Students’ Perception of Risk and Safety when Travelling : Case Study on students of Dalarna University, Borlange, Sweden ». Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Turismvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28877.

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International students are becoming a more and more attractive group for tourism agencies, and for those responsible for regional development, some study is warranted to explore how one may effectively recognize their preferences, wants, needs, and constraints to draw their attention towards the destination or to experience tourism firm’s offerings specially in this research about their perception about risk, safety and security during their travelling. Perception of risk, safety and security of a tourist destination may create a broader platform of preferences, and associated constraints. Perceived risk is defined as a consumer’s perception of the overall negativity of a course of action based upon an assessment of the possible negative outcomes and the likelihood that those outcomes will occur. Tourism, exclusively international tourism, is highly delicate to safety and security issues. It is one of the enterprise most exposed to changes in the world stage that may produce alteration in tourist behavior. A clearer perceptive of the traveler’s decision-making process and the role of intervening variables are compulsory, notably respecting travel inhibitors, such as risk perception, to assist develop enhanced destination development or recovery strategies. Constructing conditions for tourists to feel safe before and during the trip may be demanding to the success of a destination competing internationally. The current study attempts to fill a gap by exploring risk perceptions of individual international students who engaged in tourism and try to explore the concerned safety measure among them. The findings revealed that the most common risk perception and endeavors were transportation, fraudulent behavior of locals towards tourists, losing valuables, health issues and sexual harassment. However, the international students with experience with travelling themselves gave the safety and security precautions needed to minimize these risks. The safety and security features involve avoiding informal sectors, taking care of personal belongings, being always cautious about the situation happening around, educating themselves about the destination they are visiting, proper health care and proper authority to report any mishaps. After this research it could be understood that international student tourist is concerned about their safety and they would improve the situation of risk they perceive if given the chance to.

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Shimabukuro, Henrique Naoki. « Análise do risco de transporte de produtos perigosos nas rodovias Régis Bittencourt e do corredor Dom Pedro no estado de São Paulo, à sua população lindeira e possibilidade de escolha de rotas alternativas ». Universidade Nove de Julho, 2016. http://bibliotecadigital.uninove.br/handle/tede/1473.

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The use of chemical products and dangerous chemicals, known as hazardous materials or hazmats, increased with the development around the world. The industrial poles that consume these products have spread through developed and developing countries, including Brazil. This resulted in a growing quantity of chemicals and hazardous products transported on the streets, avenues and highways of the country. An immediate result was an expansion of road transportation of these substances, the increase of accidents with hazmat transportation and consequent rising in the risk to the highway and to the nearby population with these accidents. Considering the above, national and international literature was researched with the objective to find for tools that can make an analysis and evaluation of the risk to the highway and population living near these accidents with hazmat, besides the possibility of choice for other rotes as form of prevention to these accidents and a decrease in risk and cost. It was used four mathematical equations that were able to be analyzed through the data provided by two active highway concessionaires in São Paulo state, the concessionaire Auto Pista Arteris Régis Bittencourt (Régis Bittencourt highway) and the concessionaire Rota das Bandeiras (Corredor Dom Pedro, a set of highways from the city of Campinas, which the main highway is Dom Pedro I). These information, though they were not complete, in the sense that they were not totally provided as requested, were able to be applied in the mathematical equations. Despite some limitations, the resulting evaluation showed that these mathematical sentences can be utilized in highway and nearby population risk analysis and for the possibility of the choice for new routes, but it also requires an improvement of the database, especially the public and highway concessionaire databases.
O uso de produtos químicos e produtos químicos perigosos, chamados hazardous materials, aumentou com o desenvolvimento industrial. Os pólos industriais consumidores desses produtos aumentaram nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, incluindo o Brasil. Isto resultou na crescente quantidade de produtos químicos e produtos químicos perigosos transportados nas ruas, avenidas e rodovias do país. Um resultado imediato foi a expansão do transporte rodoviário dessas substâncias, crescimento do número de acidentes no transporte rodoviário de produtos perigosos (PP) e consequente aumento do risco à rodovia e à população lindeira com esses acidentes. Diante disso, pesquisou-se a literatura nacional e internacional com o objetivo de buscar por ferramentas que possam proporcionar a análise, e avaliação dos riscos à rodovia e à população adjacente aos acidentes com PP nas rodovias, além da possibilidade de escolha de outras rotas como forma de prevenção a esses acidentes e diminuição de riscos e custos. Utilizaram-se quatro equações matemáticas que puderam ser analisadas por intermédio de dados fornecidos por duas concessionárias de rodovias atuantes no estado de São Paulo, a Concessionária Auto Pista Arteris Régis Bittencourt (Rodovia Régis Bittencourt) e a Concessionária Rota das Bandeiras (Corredor Dom Pedro, conjunto de rodovias na região da cidade de Campinas, cuja principal rodovia é a Rodovia Dom Pedro I). Essas informações, embora não tenham sido completas, no sentido de não terem sido fornecidos na totalidade do que foi solicitado, puderam ser aplicadas às equações matemáticas. Apesar de algumas limitações, as avaliações resultantes mostram que essas sentenças matemáticas podem ser utilizadas na análise de risco das rodovias, do risco à população lindeira e para a possibilidade de escolha de novas rotas, mas isso também requer melhora do banco de dados, sobretudo públicos e das concessionárias de rodovias.

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Alriksson, Stina. « Environmental preferences among steel stakeholders ». Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28310.

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Emissions of carbon dioxide, dioxins, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter as well as use of non-renewable resources and energy are some important sustainability challenges for the Swedish steel industry. Much effort has been made, mainly by technical solutions, which to a high degree have decreased the emissions during the last 30 years. Technical solutions however will not be sufficient to reach sustainable development, stakeholder involvement is also necessary. Stakeholder theory states that stakeholder involvement must include a dialog between the stakeholders involved and the operation. The first step in this process is to identify which key issues the stakeholders find most important and then the organisation needs to start interact with its stakeholders. This thesis deals with such issues. Stakeholder preferences for environmental issues were assessed with conjoint analysis, Q-methodology and focus group discussions. The theory of planned behaviour was used to assess how attitudes were connected to background factors and a potential pro-environmental behaviour. Five studies have been carried out in the framework of this thesis. The studies include: a literature review, method evaluation, evaluation of environmental objectives in stakeholder groups, screening of relevant factors, evaluation of steel environmental characteristics, identification of barriers to the introduction of new materials and the impact of worry and risk perception on strategic environmental decisions. It can be concluded that the methods applied in the studies work well in eliciting preferences. It has been possible to show how different stakeholder groups as well as individuals prioritise environmental objectives and sustainability issues. Since individuals within a stakeholder group vary considerably in preferences, the results from this thesis show the importance of illustrating results on an individual level instead of the traditional group level. Also, a method has been tested where the results were brought back to the respondents in order to stimulate discussions between different stakeholder groups.

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Guerreiro, Joana Isabel da Costa Neto. « A marca própria na categoria de nutrição infantil : perceção de risco e estratégias adotadas pelo consumidor ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10766.

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Mestrado em Marketing
Em muitos países os retalhistas usam as marcas próprias (ou de distribuidor), i.e. marcas desenvolvidas pelos próprios retalhistas ou grossistas, para se diferenciarem dos seus concorrentes e criarem fidelização às suas lojas com base na variedade, qualidade e preço. O acentuado crescimento das marcas próprias nas últimas décadas, fruto da sua crescente popularidade entre os consumidores e evolução em qualidade, continua a atrair a atenção dos pesquisadores. Neste sentido, o presente estudo tem particular importância no contexto de crise económica que muitos países, como Portugal, enfrentam atualmente, visto que a quota de mercado da marca própria tende a aumentar neste tipo de conjuntura. Contudo, o crescimento das marcas próprias não é uniforme em todas as categorias de produto. Sendo a nutrição infantil uma das categorias de produto em que a marca própria tem menor penetração, este trabalho tem como objetivo primordial identificar os mais comuns tipos de risco percebido, bem como as estratégias utilizadas na redução do risco percebido, pelos compradores de bens alimentares destinados a crianças dos 0 aos 2 anos. O comportamento do consumidor, o uso do produto, os desafios enfrentados pelas marcas de produtor e pelas marcas próprias, e as implicações no marketing são discutidas no presente estudo. Este trabalho tem o seu valor e originalidade na abordagem qualitativa utilizada, que proporciona um conhecimento mais preciso sobre este tema, explorando mais profundamente os pensamentos, atitudes e comportamentos dos consumidores.
In many countries retailers use private label brands, which are brands developed by retailers and wholesalers (also called reseller, store, house, or distributor brands) to differentiate from their competitors and to create loyalty to their stores based on quality, assortment and/or price. As private label brands have emerged sharply in the last decades, enjoying growing popularity amongst consumers and increasing both their quality and market share, they continue to attract the attention of researchers. This study has particularly relevance during the actual economic downturn that many countries, like Portugal, are facing as a country's private label share increases when the economy is suffering. Still, that growth is not uniform amongst all product categories and one of the reasons for that to happen may be due to high risk perception. Since baby food is one of the categories in which private label brands have low penetration, this paper identifies the most common types of risk perceived by the buyers of baby food and their risk reducing strategies. Buyer behaviour, product usage, challenges faced by manufacturer and private label brands, and marketing implications are discussed. This work has its value and originality on the qualitative approach used, which should give a more accurate picture on this topic exploring deeply consumers' thoughts, attitudes and behaviour.

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Christianson, Amy Nadine. « Assessing and improving the effectiveness of staff training and warning system response at Whakapapa and Turoa ski areas, Mt. Ruapehu ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1271.

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Ruapehu is an active volcano located on the North Island of New Zealand, with the most recent major eruptions occurring in 1945, 1969, 1975, and 1995/96. Ruapehu is also home to the three major North Island ski areas, Whakapapa, Turoa, and Tukino. Because of the high frequency of eruptions, there is a significant volcanic hazard at the ski areas particularly from lahars which can form even after minor eruptions. Most recently, lahars have affected Whakapapa ski area in 1969, 1975, and 1995/96. The most significant risk at Turoa is from ballistic bombs due to the proximity of the top two T-Bars to the crater. Ash fall has also caused disruption at the ski areas, covering the snow and causing damage to structures. There is yet to be a death at the ski areas from a volcanic event; however the risk at the ski areas is too high to be completely ignored. The ski areas at Whakapapa and Turoa are currently operated by Ruapehu Alpine Lifts (RAL), who have been significantly improving their commitment to providing volcanic hazard training for their staff and preparing for handling a volcanic eruption. RAL is joined by the Institute of Geological Sciences (GNS) and the Department of Conservation (DoC) in trying to mitigate this risk through a range of initiatives, including an automated Eruption Detection System (EDS), linked to sirens and loudspeakers on Whakapapa ski areas, as well as by providing staff training and public education. The aim of this study was to provide RAL with recommendations to improve their staff training and warning system response. Staff induction week at both Turoa and Whakapapa ski areas was observed. Surveys were distributed and collected from staff at both ski areas, and interviews were conducted with staff at Whakapapa ski area. Data obtained from staff interviews and surveys provided the author with insight into staff's mental models regarding a volcanic event response. A simulation of the warning system was observed, as well as a blind test, to collect data on the effectiveness of training on staff response. Results indicated permanent and seasonal staff were knowledgeable of the volcanic hazards that may affect the ski areas, but had differing perspectives on the risk associated with those hazards. They were found to be confident in the initial response to a volcanic event (i.e. move to higher ground), but were unsure of what would happen after this initial response. RAL was also found to have greatly improved their volcanic hazard training in the past year, however further recommendations were suggested to increase training effectiveness. A training needs analysis was done for different departments at the ski areas by taking a new approach of anticipating demands staff may encounter during a volcanic event and complementing these demands with existing staff competencies. Additional recommendations were made to assist RAL in developing an effective plan to use when responding to volcanic events, as well as other changes that could be made to improve the likelihood of customer safety at the ski areas during an eruption.

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Liu, Yulin. « Urban transit quality of service : user perception and behaviour ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61517/1/Yulin_Liu_Thesis.pdf.

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Despite its potential multiple contributions to sustainable policy objectives, urban transit is generally not widely used by the public in terms of its market share compared to that of automobiles, particularly in affluent societies with low-density urban forms like Australia. Transit service providers need to attract more people to transit by improving transit quality of service. The key to cost-effective transit service improvements lies in accurate evaluation of policy proposals by taking into account their impacts on transit users. If transit providers knew what is more or less important to their customers, they could focus their efforts on optimising customer-oriented service. Policy interventions could also be specified to influence transit users’ travel decisions, with targets of customer satisfaction and broader community welfare. This significance motivates the research into the relationship between urban transit quality of service and its user perception as well as behaviour. This research focused on two dimensions of transit user’s travel behaviour: route choice and access arrival time choice. The study area chosen was a busy urban transit corridor linking Brisbane central business district (CBD) and the St. Lucia campus of The University of Queensland (UQ). This multi-system corridor provided a ‘natural experiment’ for transit users between the CBD and UQ, as they can choose between busway 109 (with grade-separate exclusive right-of-way), ordinary on-street bus 412, and linear fast ferry CityCat on the Brisbane River. The population of interest was set as the attendees to UQ, who travelled from the CBD or from a suburb via the CBD. Two waves of internet-based self-completion questionnaire surveys were conducted to collect data on sampled passengers’ perception of transit service quality and behaviour of using public transit in the study area. The first wave survey is to collect behaviour and attitude data on respondents’ daily transit usage and their direct rating of importance on factors of route-level transit quality of service. A series of statistical analyses is conducted to examine the relationships between transit users’ travel and personal characteristics and their transit usage characteristics. A factor-cluster segmentation procedure is applied to respodents’ importance ratings on service quality variables regarding transit route preference to explore users’ various perspectives to transit quality of service. Based on the perceptions of service quality collected from the second wave survey, a series of quality criteria of the transit routes under study was quantitatively measured, particularly, the travel time reliability in terms of schedule adherence. It was proved that mixed traffic conditions and peak-period effects can affect transit service reliability. Multinomial logit models of transit user’s route choice were estimated using route-level service quality perceptions collected in the second wave survey. Relative importance of service quality factors were derived from choice model’s significant parameter estimates, such as access and egress times, seat availability, and busway system. Interpretations of the parameter estimates were conducted, particularly the equivalent in-vehicle time of access and egress times, and busway in-vehicle time. Market segmentation by trip origin was applied to investigate the difference in magnitude between the parameter estimates of access and egress times. The significant costs of transfer in transit trips were highlighted. These importance ratios were applied back to quality perceptions collected as RP data to compare the satisfaction levels between the service attributes and to generate an action relevance matrix to prioritise attributes for quality improvement. An empirical study on the relationship between average passenger waiting time and transit service characteristics was performed using the service quality perceived. Passenger arrivals for services with long headways (over 15 minutes) were found to be obviously coordinated with scheduled departure times of transit vehicles in order to reduce waiting time. This drove further investigations and modelling innovations in passenger’ access arrival time choice and its relationships with transit service characteristics and average passenger waiting time. Specifically, original contributions were made in formulation of expected waiting time, analysis of the risk-aversion attitude to missing desired service run in the passengers’ access time arrivals’ choice, and extensions of the utility function specification for modelling passenger access arrival distribution, by using complicated expected utility forms and non-linear probability weighting to explicitly accommodate the risk of missing an intended service and passenger’s risk-aversion attitude. Discussions on this research’s contributions to knowledge, its limitations, and recommendations for future research are provided at the concluding section of this thesis.

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Sund, Björn. « Economic evaluation, value of life, stated preference methodology and determinants of risks ». Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-12557.

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The first paper examines the value of a statistical life (VSL) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims. We found VSL values to be higher for OHCA victims than for people who die in road traffic accidents and a lower-bound estimate of VSL for OHCA would be in the range of 20 to 30 million Swedish crowns (SEK). The second paper concerns hypothetical bias in contingent valuation (CV) studies. We investigate the link between the determinants and empirical treatment of uncertainty through certainty calibration and find that the higher the confidence of the respondents the more we can trust that stated WTP is correlated to actual WTP. The third paper investigates the performance of two communication aids (a flexible community analogy and an array of dots) in valuing mortality risk reductions for OHCA. The results do not support the prediction of expected utility theory, i.e. that WTP for a mortality risk reduction increases with the amount of risk reduction (weak scope sensitivity), for any of the communication aids. The fourth paper presents a cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the effects of dual dispatch defibrillation by ambulance and fire services in the County of Stockholm. The intervention had positive economic effects, yielding a benefit-cost ratio of 36, a cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of € 13 000 and the cost per saved life was € 60 000. The fifth paper explores how different response times from OHCA to defibrillation affect patients’ survival rates by using geographic information systems (GIS). The model predicted a baseline survival rate of 3.9% and reducing the ambulance response time by 1 minute increased survival to 4.6%. The sixth paper analyzes demographic determinants of incident experience and risk perception, and the relationship between the two, for eight different risk domains. Males and highly educated respondents perceive their risks lower than what is expected compared to actual incident experience.

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Sousa, Tanara Rosângela Vieira. « Ensaios em economia da saúde : o risco e o valor de uma vida estatística no caso dos acidentes de trânsito na cidade de Porto Alegre ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25785.

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Nesta tese são desenvolvidos três estudos sobre o risco associado aos acidentes de trânsito, com o objetivo de avaliar como a população o percebe, e o valor que estaria disposta a pagar para reduzi-lo. As análises foram feitas com duas diferentes metodologias econométricas e dois diferentes conjuntos de dados da população de Porto Alegre. O primeiro estudo procurou avaliar que fatores de risco contribuem para aumentar a gravidade dos acidentes de trânsito, utilizando dados de acidentes de trânsito ocorridos na cidade de Porto Alegre no período 2000-2008, através de modelos logit ordenados generalizados. Os resultados indicam que a maioria das vítimas feridas em acidentes de trânsito são condutores jovens, do sexo masculino e que estavam em motocicletas ou cujo acidente foi um choque contra obstáculos. Contudo, as vítimas fatais têm maior probabilidade de morte são os pedestres, com mais de 60 anos de idade. Os acidentes com maior gravidade ocorrem em maior proporção a noite ou finais de semana, em locais mais afastados do centro da cidade, o que sugere comportamento associado à alta velocidade e uso de substâncias psicoativas como álcool. Para os demais estudos utilizaram-se dados de um survey feito com a população de Porto Alegre em 2009. O segundo estudo avalia como as características sócio-demográficas, a experiência no trânsito e a informação recebida, afetam a percepção do risco e o comportamento no trânsito. Os resultados indicam que os indivíduos que tem risco maior de morte no trânsito subestimam seu próprio risco e vice-versa; e que os mais jovens têm maior percepção deste risco, assim como os que tiveram experiência de acidente de trânsito ou passam mais tempo expostos a ele. O risco do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas associado ao trânsito, no entanto é percebido maior pelos idosos, mulheres, não bebedores ou quem não tem comportamento de risco, assim como pelos que têm mais informação do risco. Da mesma maneira, o comportamento de risco no trânsito associado ao consumo de álcool está negativamente relacionado a percepção deste risco e a idade. O terceiro estudo estimou a disposição a pagar ( ) dos entrevistados pela redução no seu próprio risco de sofrer lesões em um acidente de trânsito e o valor de uma vida estatística ( ), utilizando modelos lineares e não-lineares ajustados através de uma transformação Box-Cox. Os resultados indicam que a esta relacionada de forma decrescente com a idade e com a não utilização de dispositivos de segurança, mas aumenta com a renda, o tempo de exposição ao trânsito, a experiência com acidentes, para as mulheres e para os que têm dependentes. O valor médio eliciado da para reduzir a zero o risco das lesões mais graves, que resultam em morte, implicou em de cerca de R$ 13,4 milhões (US$7,3 milhões) - valor menor, porém comparável ao encontrado para países desenvolvidos e em estudo para o Brasil.
This thesis develops three studies on the risk associated with traffic accidents, in order to assess how people perceive it and the value they would be willing to pay to reduce it. The analysis was made with two different econometric methods and two different sets of data from Porto Alegre's population. The first study to assess at risk factors that contribute to increased severity of accidents, using data obtained from traffic accidents in the city of Porto Alegre between the years 2000 and 2008, and applying the generalized ordered logit. The results indicate that most of the victims injured in accidents are young drivers, males, motorcyclists and whose crash was a “collision with obstacles”. However, fatal victims have a different profile: they are pedestrians, over 60 years old. The most serious accidents occur in greater proportions at nights or weekends, at locations further away from the city center, which suggests behavior associated with high speed driving and the use of psychoactive substances, such as alcohol. The other two studies used data from a survey done with the population of Porto Alegre in 2009. The second study evaluates how socio-demographic characteristics, traffic experience and the information received about the risks of driving under the influence of alcohol, affect risk perception and behavior in the traffic. The results indicate that individuals who have greater risk of dying in traffic, underestimate their own risk and vice versa; and that young people as well as those who have been in an accident or those who spend a lot of time in traffic, have a greater perception of their risk. On the other hand, the risk of alcohol consumption associated with traffic, is perceived better by older people, women, non-drinkers, people without risky behavior, and those who are more aware of the risks of driving under the influence of alcohol. Similarly, risky behavior in traffic, related to alcohol consumption, is inversely proportional to perception of risk and to age. The third study estimated the respondents' willingness to pay ( ) for the reduction in their risk of suffering injuries in a traffic accident, as well as the value of a statistical life ( ), using linear and nonlinear models adjusted by the Box-Cox transformation. The results indicate that the decreases with age and with not using safety devices, but increases with income, exposure to traffic, and the accidents experience, for women and for those who have dependents. The average value elicited by to reduce to zero the risk of severe injuries that result in death, implied a of about R$13.4 million (US$ 7.3 million) - lower, but still a comparable value to that found in developed countries, and studied in Brazil.

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Zawali, Naima. « La couverture des risques extremes de catastrophes naturelles : analyse théorique et empirique ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100005.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est de mener une réflexion sur les systèmes de couverture des risques de catastrophes naturelles en accordant une place particulière à la perception que les agents économiques ont des caractéristiques de ces risques. Il s’agit d’une part de mieux comprendre les déterminants des systèmes de couverture existant dans le monde et des comportements individuels, et d’autre part de comparer les différentes formes d’intervention publique face à ces risques. Nos travaux, essentiellement empiriques, s’appuient sur des données statistiques issues d’organismes internationaux et de centres de recherche sur les risques, mais aussi sur des données comportementales issue d’une expérience contrôlée. La typologie des systèmes d’assurance contre le risque d’inondation dans le monde que nous élaborons montre que le système public est globalement dominant et surtout appliqué dans les pays à faible revenu et à forte exposition au risque, le système mixte public/privé étant principalement appliqué dans des pays riches et relativement peu exposés. Concernant la demande d’assurance, ladisponibilité à payer pour s’assurer contre les risques naturels est significativement plus faible que celle pour les autres risques et ce, indépendamment des probabilités et des montants de perte. En comparant différents systèmes d’intervention publique, nous montrons que la mesure la plus efficace semble être une subvention de la prime d’assurance, mais qui peut être très coûteuse si la population est majoritairement composée d’individus présentant de forts biais dans la perception des risques
The objective of this thesis is to better understand the determinants of natural catastrophe insurance systems in the world, as well as of individual behavior towards these risks. We also compare the efficiency of different public intervention forms in catastrophe risk management. Our data come from international organizations, research centers and one controlled experiment. From the typology of countries in terms of flood insurance that we elaborate it appears that the publicly provided flood insurance system is globally dominant and mainly applied in low-income countries with high risk exposure. Mixed public / private system are mainly applied in rich countries with low risk exposure. Concerning insurance demand, the willingness to pay for insurance is significantly lower for catastrophe risks than for other, standard risks, regardless of probability and amount of loss. Comparing different public intervention systems, we show that the most efficient measure is insurance premium subsidy but its costs can be very high for individual whose risk perception is biased

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Kangöz, Sara-Gül, et Irma Hellman. « Litet fokus på risker med covid-19 : Studenters upplevelse av lokal riskkommunikation ». Thesis, Jönköping University, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51825.

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Studiens ämne handlar om förståelsen av risk under en hälsokris utifrån lokal riskkommunikation. Covid-19-pandemin utgör en stor hälsorisk för människor över hela världen. Tidigare forskning visar att riskkommunikation behöver nå och påverka människor så att de kan skydda sig själva mot de pågående riskerna. Därför är det viktigt att studera hur människor uppfattat riskerna med covid-19 från deras lokala kommunikatörer. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur studenter på eftergymnasial nivå i Jönköpings kommun förstod riskerna med covid-19 och avsåg att agera utifrån sin riskförståelse, utifrån Jönköpings kommuns riskkommunikation under våren 2020. Den specifika perioden som studeras är mellan 15 mars och 19 juni 2020. För att uppnå studiens syfte har fyra fokusgruppsintervjuer med studenter på eftergymnasial nivå i Jönköpings kommun genomförts och analyserats med en teoribaserad tematisk metod. Det teoretiska ramverket som använts för den tematiska analysen består av Uses and Gratifications Theory, Protection Motivation Theory och Theory of Planned Behavior. Resultaten av studien visar att studenterna uppfattade riskerna med covid-19 som allvarliga, men att de inte haft avsikten att fullt ut ändra sina beteenden för att undvika riskerna. Deras riskförståelse berodde däremot inte på kommunikation från Jönköpings kommun, eftersom få av studenterna hade tagit del av deras kommunikation under våren 2020. Istället hade de använt källor som Folkhälsomyndigheten och nyhetssidor. Dessutom upplevde studenterna kommunikationen från kommunen som oseriös och bristfällig gällande viktig information. Resultaten visar att studenterna upplevde Jönköpings kommuns kommunikation om beteendeförändringar för att undvika risker som vag och svår att förstå, vilket inte bidrog till deras avsikt att ändra beteende
The subject matter of this study is risk perception during a health crisis based on local risk communication. The covid-19-pandemic is a mayor health crisis for citizens all over the world. Prior science has shown that risk communication needs to reach and affect citizens so they can protect themselves from the ongoing risks. Therefore, it is important to study how citizens have perceived the risks of covid-19 from their local communicators. The purpose of this study is to examine how students on a post-gymnasium level in Jönköping municipality understood the risks of covid-19 and intended to act upon their perception of the risks based on the risk communication from Jönköping municipality, during the spring of 2020. The specific period examined is between the 15th of March and the 19th of June 2020. In order to achieve the aim, four focus group interviews with students on a post-gymnasium level in Jönköping have been conducted and analyzed through theoretically based thematic analysis. The theoretical framework used for the analysis of the focus group interviews consists of the Uses and Gratifications Theory, Protection Motivation Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior. The results of the study show that the students perceived the risks of covid-19 as severe, but that they did not intend to fully change their behavior in order to avoid the risks. However, their risk perception was not based on the communication from Jönköping municipality since very few of them had seen their communication during the spring of 2020. Instead, they used sources like the national health authority and news channels. Additionally, the students found the communication from the municipality to be too lighthearted and lacking in vital information. The results show that the students found the municipality’s’ communication about behavioral change as vague and difficult to understand, which didn’t have an impact on their intention to behavioral change.

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Källbäcker, Jonathan. « Betydelsen av social kontext och riskuppfattning för förståelsen av smittspridning i covid-19 pandemin : En kvalitativ studie med studenter, seniorer, matbutiksarbetare och äldrevårdsarbetare ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176713.

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Syftet med denna rapport var att undersöka individer från olika grupper och se hur deras uppfattningar, upplevelser och vardag under Covid-19 pandemin ser ut. Med hjälp av denna förståelse var målet att applicera beteendeteorier och riskteorier relevanta till pandemin i kombination med mentala modeller. Förhoppningen med kopplingen mellan individers upplevelse samt dessa teorier var att skapa en förståelse för vilka aspekter som kan påverka smittspridning. Frågeställningarna som besvarades var: Skiljer det sig mellan grupper hur man förhåller sig till pandemin? Om folk går emot restriktioner eller rekommendationer, hur motiveras det? Hur anser folk att de har förändrat sitt liv om man jämför före och under pandemin? Kan sociala aspekter och uppfattad risk skapa en förståelse för vilka faktorer som påverkar smittspridning? Datainsamlingsmetoden var semistrukturerade intervjuer. Analysmetoden var interpretativ fenomenologisk analys. Tre bredare teman identifierades, agerande, resonerande och förändring. Slutsatsen var att det fanns vissa skillnader mellan grupperna hur de förhåller sig till pandemin och att aktiviteter som går mot rekommendationer och restriktioner var mycket baserat på social kontext, upplevd risk och aktiviteter som deltagarna gjorde innan pandemin. Deltagarna upplevde även att de har gjort en förändring i sina liv. Social kontakt visade sig givande för att känna gemenskap, en känsla av att bidra och att få annan input. Slutligen fastställdes det att den sociala kontexten och betydelsen av den samt riskuppfattning bör vara i åtanke för att förstå smittspridning och därmed pandemin.
The aim of this report was to examine individuals from different groups to see how their experiences, beliefs and everyday life has been during the Covid-19 pandemic. Thereafter the aim was to evaluate the results with the help of behavioral and risk theories of relevance to the pandemic in combination with mental models. The idea with the connection between the individual experiences and these theories was to come to an understanding about which aspects affect the spread of the virus. The study was based on the following research questions: Is there a difference between groups how they have adapted to the pandemic? If people go against recommendations and restrictions, how do they motivate that? In what way do people feel they have made a change during the pandemic? Can social aspects and perceived risk create an understanding of which factors affect the spreading of the virus? The data was collected via semi structured interviews. The analysis was made with an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three overarching themes were identified, how the participants act, how they reason, and how they have changed. The conclusion made from the study was that there were some differences between groups how they have adapted to the pandemic and that the motivations behind the activities which were against recommendations and restrictions were largely based on social context, perceived risk and activities the participants were doing before the pandemic. The participants also felt they had made changes to their lives. Social contact was shown to be important to feel a sense of belonging, a feeling of contributing and to get different input. Finally, the conclusion was drawn that social context and perceived risk should be considered to understand the spreading of the virus and thereby the pandemic.

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Matthews, Susan. « Adolescent Perceptions of Risk-Taking Behaviors ». TopSCHOLAR®, 1998. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3073.

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Adolescents often make adult decisions regarding their lifestyle and behavior with little support from their family and community. In this study the researcher examined the difference in risk-taking behaviors between genders and the role that families and communities play in reducing risk-taking behaviors. In the study I further analyzed self-reports of numbers of development assets those students reporting participation in high-risk behaviors. Method: Data were obtained from a sample of convenience of (N=82) 12th grade students. Behaviors and attitudes were examined using the Search Institute’s Profiles of Student Life survey. Results: Chi square was used to test for significant differences in risk-taking behaviors between genders and levels of developmental assets. Males were more likely than females to participate in alcohol and substance use χ2 (1, N=82) = 63.95, p <0.05 and more likely to participate in violent risk-taking behaviors: physically hurt someone once or more in the last twelve months χ2 (1, N=82) = 22.73, p<0.05, used a weapon to get something χ2 (1, N=82) = 44.45, p<0.05, been in a group fight once or more in the last twelve months χ2 (1, N=82) = 29.33, p<0.05, carried a weapon for protection χ2 (1, N=82) = 23.78, p<0.05, and threatened physical harm to someone χ2 (1, N=82) = 46.2, p<0.05. Females were more likely to participate in sexual intercourse than males χ2 (1, N=82) = 214.08, p<0.05 and to have hit someone once or more in the last twelve months χ2 (1, N=82) = 11.53, p<0.05. In the area of risk-taking behaviors related to developmental assets, students who participated in the problem behaviors had fewer developmental assets than those not participating in the behavior. The exceptions to this were using a gun to get something from a person χ2 (1, N=82) = 72.4, p<0.05 and carrying a gun for protection χ2 (1, N=82) = 30.63, p<0.05. Conclusions: Findings from this study emphasize the need for community-based programs that enhance youth bonding with family and community. Furthermore, it reinforces the national goals aimed at reducing risk-taking behaviors such as alcohol and substance use, early sexual intercourse, and youth violence. Programs aimed at prevention and intervention that address the specific needs of males and females are recommended.

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Junod, Martha-Anne N. « Risks, Attitudes, and Discourses in Hydrocarbon Transportation Communities : Oil by Rail and the United States’ Shale Energy Revolution ». The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595345780677671.

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Holmes, David C. « Stakeholders' Perceptions of Risk for Gentrification in Atlanta's Pittsburgh Neighborhood ». Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/38.

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The 2008-2010 foreclosure crisis and the Beltline project present two significant forces shaping neighborhoods throughout Atlanta. Both the high foreclosure rates and the promise of public and private investment create conditions for the displacement of existing residents and for the gentrification of the southwest Atlanta neighborhood of Pittsburgh in particular. Through qualitative analysis, including interviews with residents, community leaders, and government officials, the development of overlay analysis maps of Pittsburgh, as well as studying the various stakeholders' perception of risk for gentrification in Pittsburgh, this research examines how and why these stakeholders' perception of the risk of gentrification in Pittsburgh varies, and what these various perceptions mean. Furthermore, it suggests that scholars of the gentrification process should more fully consider the ways in which residents of impacted neighborhoods understand both local and more “global” dynamics of property markets and how various policies seek to mitigate the deleterious effects of gentrification.

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Santos, Anavaleria Vieira. « Valores do dinheiro, percepção e comportamento de risco entre universitários ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4725.

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This study investigates the relationship between the values of money, perception and risk behavior among college Maranhão. The study is characterized as a descriptive and quantitative research, being studied in the population of young undergraduates enrolled in courses at the Center for Social Sciences at the Federal University of Maranhão sample, and the survey instrument consists of questions based on the Meaning Scale money (Moreira; Tamayo, 1999) and Perception Scale and Intent to present behavior of Risk (WEBER; BLAIS; BETZ, 2002; PAULINE, 2009). Data were collected at random in the city of Sao Luis MA, in a survey of 363 college students. As the main technical Correspondence Analysis, whose results were obtained from the perception of study participants, represented visually in the form of geographical maps was used, detecting the close relations between the constructs values of money, loss aversion, perception risk and risk behavior. The main results show that subjects who had medium and high levels of cash values to have a close relationship with and who had high average rating for loss aversion. It is noticed also that there is a close relationship between respondents who had high and average perception of money values with high and medium risk perception, and the existence of a close relationship between those who obtained high and medium value of money with medium risk and low, these results indicate that among the university higher levels of cash values o be linked with lower levels of risk (perception + behavior). The main results indicate that the investigated sample perceived high values for the money, the positive and negative dimensions, indicate an average risk perception and behavior of conservative risk.
O presente estudo buscou analisar a relação entre os valores do dinheiro, a percepção e comportamento de risco entre os universitários maranhenses. O estudo se caracteriza como uma pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa, sendo a amostra estudada entre a população de jovens graduandos regularmente matriculados nos Cursos do Centro de Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, sendo o instrumento de pesquisa constituído de questões baseadas na Escala de Significado do Dinheiro (MOREIRA; TAMAYO, 1999) e na Escala de Percepção e de Intenção de apresentar comportamento de Risco (WEBER; BLAIS; BETZ, 2002; PAULINO, 2009). Os dados foram coletados de forma aleatória na cidade de São Luis MA, em uma pesquisa com 363 universitários. Como técnica principal foi utilizada a Análise de Correspondência, cujos resultados obtidos foram provenientes da percepção dos participantes do estudo, visualmente representados sob a forma de mapas geográficos, detectando as relações de proximidade entre os construtos valores do dinheiro, a aversão a perda , percepção de risco e comportamento de risco. Os principais resultados apontam que os indivíduos que tiveram níveis médio e alto para valores do dinheiro tem uma relação de proximidade com quem teve alta e média classificação para aversão a perda. Percebe-se, ainda, que há uma relação de proximidade entre os entrevistados que obtiveram alta e média percepção de valores do dinheiro com alta e média percepção de risco, e a existência de relação de proximidade entre os que obtiveram alto e médio valor do dinheiro com risco médio e baixo, tais resultados indicam que entre os universitários os níveis maiores para valores do dinheiro estariam ligados com níveis menores de risco (percepção + comportamento). Os principais resultados na amostra investigada apontam que alta percepção para valores do dinheiro, nas dimensões positiva e negativa, indicam uma percepção de risco médio e um comportamento de risco conservador.

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Eriksson, Staffan. « Falls in people with dementia ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1449.

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Ndembe, Elvis Mokake. « Offsetting Behavior and the Benefits of Food Safety Policies in Vegetable Preparation and Consumption ». Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29801.

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Foodbome disease outbreaks have a tremendous impact on society, including foodbome illnesses, hospitalizations, lost work time, and deaths. These food-safety events have a significant influence in shaping consumers' perception of risk. Outbreaks of foodbome illnesses also have an effect on the development of public health policy. Due to these safety-related uncertainties in the food supply chain, various regulatory, safety, and health policies are implemented to decrease harm to potential victims. The total effect of such food-safety policies looked at in terms of reduction of foodbome illness, mortality, and food-related diseases may possibly be smaller than the forecasted effect because of failure to consider offsetting behavior. Attenuation and possibly reversal of the direct policy effect on expected injuries may arise because of offsetting behavior. This study combines both theoretical and empirical models to test the presence of dominant or partial offsetting behavior (OB) in the preparation and consumption of vegetables if a food-safety policy such as the Pathogen Reduction/Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (PR/HACCP) is mandated in the vegetable sector. Our findings indicate that food-safety information that has an effect on outrage and locus of control, both factors which have an effect on consumers' perception of risk, will lead consumers to become lax in response to this food-safety policy.

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Austin, Mathew L. « "FARKLE" or die edgework, risk control, and impression management among BMW motorcycle riders / ». Ohio : Ohio University, 2010. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1274815247.

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Parisot, Christophe Vincent de. « Property value impacts and risks perceptions a hedonic analysis of Anniston, Alabama / ». Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Theses/DE_PARISOT_45.pdf.

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Eshelman, Lee Renee. « The Impact of Substance Use on Women's Risk Perception and Risk for Sexual Revictimization : A Prospective Moderated-Mediation Analyses ». Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1399126729.

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Dass, Pranav. « Analyses of People’s Perceptions Toward Risks in Genetically Modified Organisms ». Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25533.

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This research aims to analyze people’s perceptions about the potential risks associated with the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food products. We formulated research questions and hypotheses based on parameters, including age, gender, state of residence, and more to analyze these perceptions. We conducted an online nationwide survey across the United States and recruited participants from the general population to understand their perceptions about risks for GMOs and GM foods. We formulated a set of questions regarding the effects of GMOs on food products (including both the pre- and post-study questions) and investigated the changes in people’s perceptions after reading selected news releases about GMOs. The survey responses were collected and categorized according to the research parameters and statistical assessments were conducted to test the hypotheses. Additionally, we introduced a novel approach to analyze the responses by creating a mind-map framework for both the pre- and post-study responses. We found that people residing in the southern region of the United States responded more positively toward GMOs when compared to individuals residing in the northeast, west and mid-west regions. We also deduced that people’s perceptions about GMOs were not significantly different from each other whether they resided in states with Republican or Democrat/non-partisan party affiliations. Further, we observed that the male participants responded more negatively compared to the female participants across the nation. We compared the results obtained from respondents in the general population to those from a group of Computer Science students at North Dakota State University who completed the same survey. We found that students considered GMOs less risky when compared to the general population. A third research study compared participants from the general population to a group of participants who were recruited from the general population. The second group didn’t read the news releases that separated the survey’s pre- and post-study questions. We observed that the news releases impacted the participants from the first group and, eventually, changed the individuals’ perceptions about GMOs when compared to the participants from the second group who possessed no or fewer perception changes.

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Dass, Pranav. « Analyses of People?s Perceptions Toward Risks in Genetically Modified Organisms ». Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25533.

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This research aims to analyze people?s perceptions about the potential risks associated with the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food products. We formulated research questions and hypotheses based on parameters, including age, gender, state of residence, and more to analyze these perceptions. We conducted an online nationwide survey across the United States and recruited participants from the general population to understand their perceptions about risks for GMOs and GM foods. We formulated a set of questions regarding the effects of GMOs on food products (including both the pre- and post-study questions) and investigated the changes in people?s perceptions after reading selected news releases about GMOs. The survey responses were collected and categorized according to the research parameters and statistical assessments were conducted to test the hypotheses. Additionally, we introduced a novel approach to analyze the responses by creating a mind-map framework for both the pre- and post-study responses. We found that people residing in the southern region of the United States responded more positively toward GMOs when compared to individuals residing in the northeast, west and mid-west regions. We also deduced that people?s perceptions about GMOs were not significantly different from each other whether they resided in states with Republican or Democrat/non-partisan party affiliations. Further, we observed that the male participants responded more negatively compared to the female participants across the nation. We compared the results obtained from respondents in the general population to those from a group of Computer Science students at North Dakota State University who completed the same survey. We found that students considered GMOs less risky when compared to the general population. A third research study compared participants from the general population to a group of participants who were recruited from the general population. The second group didn?t read the news releases that separated the survey?s pre- and post-study questions. We observed that the news releases impacted the participants from the first group and, eventually, changed the individuals? perceptions about GMOs when compared to the participants from the second group who possessed no or fewer perception changes.

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Sheridan, Katherine. « Human safety and shark conservation : an analysis of surfer risk perceptions and attitudes towards shark management ». Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33023.

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South Africa has a history of human conflict with sharks and shark safety management. Management of this conflict differs throughout the country, with Cape Town opting for a non-lethal approach in the form of the Shark Spotters programme, and Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN) opting for a lethal approach using shark nets and drumlines. Lethal management of sharks stems from a belief that without it, people would be too afraid to go in the water, leading to adverse effects on tourism and other associated industries. I assessed surfers' perceptions of risk from sharks, how they value sharks, their knowledge of sharks, and their attitudes towards shark management. I surveyed surfers at Muizenberg Beach in Cape Town, and North Beach and Bay of Plenty Beach in Durban by asking them to answer questions in a questionnaire. A conjoint analysis assessed how likely respondents were to go in the water under various scenarios using situational factor levels related to shark presence, surf/sea and spotting conditions, and whether other people were in the water. The questionnaire results showed no support for lethal shark control and only 8.3% of respondents were aware the nets used in KZN were a lethal form of shark control. Respondents had good knowledge of shark ecology and a positive perception of sharks, both of which have been shown to benefit shark conservation in previous studies. A multiple linear regression model showed a positive correlation between perception of shark risk and perception of other risks, such as car accidents and natural disasters, with respondents perceiving other risks as greater than shark risks. In the conjoint analysis, shark presence was the most influential factor for surfers deciding to go in the water, but respondents were more likely to go in under good surf conditions and spotting/sea conditions even if a shark had been seen recently. Overall, sharks do not deter people from going in the ocean. Implications of these results undermine the longstanding argument that lethal shark management is necessary to protect tourism. Furthermore, the lack of knowledge that lethal shark control is being practised in South Africa coupled with the opposition to lethal management found in this study highlights a clear disconnect between water users and shark managers in KZN.

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Alataway, Abed. « Suitability of waste water for irrigation in Saudi Arabia : analysis of public perceptions and quantitative microbial risk assessment ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601759.

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Wastewater reuse for irrigated practice is un alternative solution in which food production can be improved especially in the arid-region where freshwater resources are often limited However; the potential public health risk associated with wastewater reuse remain a major concern. as well as public perceptions towards wasteater. This research was conducted in two main agricultural cities within the Saudi Arabia

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Beaudrie, Christian Earl Henry. « From cradle-to-grave at the nanoscale : expert risk perceptions, decision-analysis, and life cycle regulation for emerging nanotechnologies ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43997.

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Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) promise great benefits for society, yet our knowledge of potential risks and best practices for regulation are still in their infancy. High uncertainty and novel ENM properties complicate the management of risk, rendering existing regulatory frameworks inadequate. This thesis investigates the challenges that nanotechnologies pose for risk regulation, and aims to inform the development of policies and practices to address these challenges. In chapter 2, US federal environmental, health and safety (EHS) regulations are analyzed using a life cycle framework, to evaluate their adequacy as applied to ENMs. This analysis reveals that life cycle risk management of nanomaterials under existing regulations is plagued with difficulty, and populated by myriad gaps through which ENM may escape federal oversight altogether. Chapters 3 and 4 examine expert opinions on risks, and perceptions of regulatory agency preparedness to manage risks, using a web-based survey (N=404) of US and Canadian nanotechnology experts. Risk and preparedness perceptions were found to differ significantly across groups of experts. Nano-scientists and engineers were more than twice as likely as nano-regulators to believe that benefits from nanotechnology would greatly exceed risk. Yet, those working in regulatory agencies were far more likely to regard government agencies as unprepared than were experts outside government. These differences were explained by expert views of the novelty of benefits and risks, attitudes toward other classes of risk, preferred approaches to regulation, experts’ degree of economic conservatism, and trust in regulatory agencies. Recognizing the myriad challenges for risk regulation, chapter 5 explores the use of decision-analytic models to cope with uncertainty. Drawing on baseline data monitoring efforts of the US EPA and California DTSC, this chapter argues for the use of novel decision-analytic tools and approaches (such as risk ranking, multi-criteria decision analysis, and “control banding”) in lieu of formal risk assessment to meet regulators’ goals in particular decision contexts. Considered together, this thesis concludes that oversight can be improved through pending regulatory reforms, the utilization of expert opinion to inform decision-making, and the development of improved decision-analytic tools that enable the assessment and management of risks under high uncertainty.

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Cavalcante, Juliana da Silva Ibiapina. « Percep??o de riscos ambientais de popula??es vulner?veis a inunda??es e deslizamentos de dunas em Natal-RN ». Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18237.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaSIC_DISSERT.pdf: 2249135 bytes, checksum: a9591093b8b4e5ed285c2bd277efa2fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
In urban, flooding and landslides are among the troubles that most bring human and material loss. Therefore, this study objected to perform an analysis on the risk perception on the population living in social environmental vulnerable places in order to understand what is the way this population realize the risks they are exposed to and what are the outbrave strategies the develop. The first analyzed area was Complexo Passo da P?tria for the flooding risk problematic and then the Cidade Nova neighborhood threatened by the dunes slides. The areas locate, respectively, in the West and East zones of Natal-RN. Using an interview screenplay adapted from risk perception researches from different brazilian cities, it was collected primarily data on the variables: perception, evaluation and choice, safety threshold, adjustment, decision and participation. Due to the studied areas characteristics the qualitative approach adjusted itself to the difficulties for accessing the areas. The studied places characterize for its insecure situation like selling/using drugs, robbery and murder among others. Due to this situation the interviewed individuals were the ones that could be found more accessibly and available in the moment and the interviews were made in the community leader presence of each area. Through the discourse of the respondents analysis it was able to conclude that the interviewed population is exposed to a high vulnerability grade and risks. However it was identified substantial differences between the perception and risks of Complexo Passo da P?tria and bairro Cidade Nova, because in the first area the intervied ones can recognize the high risk they are exposed to in a more emphatic way to the interviewed ones for the Cidade Nova neighborhood. Furthermore, there is a heavy dissatisfaction for the population of the two places about the city hall positions relating to the present problems in the studied areas. It was also identified the strategy development of acquaintanceship with the risk in the research places beyond a feeling of belonging and affection between the dwellers and the places, yet it was more evident for Complexo Passo da P?tria. Though this analysis it was possible to understand and perceptions and the behavior of the individuals or social groups facing the risks as acceptance and rejection of determined risks beyond adaptation measures of living together with the persistence presence of risks. Therefore, qualitative nature researches emphasizing the perception approach are in the fundamental importance in the studies about risks making it possible to offer aids to the urban planning and management in the implement of effective preventive measures and compatible with the population aims
No espa?o urbano, as inunda??es e deslizamentos de terra est?o entre os problemas que mais trazem preju?zos humanos e materiais. Este estudo objetivou, portanto, realizar uma an?lise da percep??o de riscos de popula??es residentes em ?reas de vulnerabilidade socioambiental a fim de compreender de que forma essas popula??es percebem os riscos a que est?o expostas e quais as estrat?gias de enfrentamento desenvolvidas por elas. A primeira ?rea analisada foi o Complexo Passo da P?tria com a problem?tica dos riscos de inunda??es e em seguida o bairro Cidade Nova, sujeito a riscos de deslizamentos de dunas. As ?reas localizam-se, respectivamente, nas zonas oeste e leste de Natal-RN. Com um roteiro de entrevistas adaptado de pesquisas sobre percep??o de riscos em diferentes cidades brasileiras, foram coletados dados prim?rios referentes ?s vari?veis: percep??o, avalia??o e escolha, limiar de seguran?a, ajustamento, decis?o e participa??o. Devido ?s caracter?sticas das ?reas de estudo, a abordagem qualitativa adequou-se ?s dificuldades de acessibilidade nas ?reas. Os locais estudados se caracterizam por situa??es de inseguran?a como venda/uso de drogas, assaltos, homic?dios, entre outros. Devido a isso, os indiv?duos abordados foram os que se encontravam mais acess?veis e dispon?veis no momento e as entrevistas foram realizadas na presen?a dos l?deres comunit?rios de ambas as ?reas. Atrav?s da an?lise do discurso dos entrevistados p?de-se concluir que a popula??o entrevistada est? exposta a um alto grau de vulnerabilidade e riscos. Por?m, identificaram-se diferen?as significativas entre a percep??o de riscos no Complexo Passo da P?tria e no bairro Cidade Nova, haja visto que na primeira ?rea os entrevistados reconhecerem o alto risco ? que est?o expostos de maneira mais enf?tica em compara??o aos entrevistados do bairro Cidade Nova. Al?m disso, h? uma grande insatisfa??o da popula??o das duas localidades quanto ao posicionamento da prefeitura em rela??o aos problemas presentes nas ?reas de estudo. Identificou-se, tamb?m o desenvolvimento de estrat?gias de conviv?ncia com o risco nos locais de pesquisa, al?m de um sentimento de pertencimento e afei??o entre os moradores e seu espa?o; por?m com maior evid?ncia no Complexo Passo da P?tria. Atrav?s dessa an?lise foi poss?vel compreender a percep??o e o comportamento de indiv?duos ou grupos sociais diante dos riscos, como aceita??o e rejei??o de determinados riscos, al?m de medidas de adapta??o e conviv?ncia com a presen?a constante de riscos. Portanto, pesquisas de natureza qualitativa com ?nfase na abordagem perceptiva s?o de fundamental import?ncia nos estudos sobre riscos, sendo poss?vel oferecer subs?dios ao planejamento e gest?o urbana na implanta??o de medidas preventivas eficazes e compat?veis com os anseios da popula??o

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Quan, Yongxin. « Risk perceptions, importance ranking and a contingency valuation analysis : results from a survey of Quebec producers on farm environmental management ». Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18204.

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This research studied Quebec producers’ environmental attitudes and perceptions on environmentally friendly practices on farm, such as an environmental management system (EMS), using a survey. The contingency valuation method (CVM) was applied to elicit producers’ mean willingness to accept compensation (WTA) of adopting an EMS on farm, in terms of the percentage of direct costs of implementation. Factors affecting the mean WTA were studied to examine their influences. The results show that Quebec producers adopt environmental practices extensively and face many challenges in agro-environmental management. The results also show that producers have mixed perceptions in the benefits and difficulties of environmentally friendly practices and a negative attitude towards environmental regulations. The mean WTA of Quebec producers is estimated at 79.73%. French speaking and English speaking farmers have the mean WTA of 79.91% and 71.75%, respectively. The regression analysis identifies that producers’ knowledge level on EMS, their attitudes towards the benefits and difficulties, internet access and the use of a computer in farm management are significant variables with respect to the mean WTA.
Cette recherche a pour but l’étude de la perception et l’attitude des producteurs agricoles du Québec sur les pratiques culturales respectueuses de l’environnement tel que le système de la gestion environnementale (SGE) à partir d’un sondage. La méthode l’evaluation contingente est utilisée afin de mesurer la volonté d’accepté la compensation (VAC) d’adopter le systeme de gestion environnementale au sein de l’entreprise en terme de pourcentage de coûts directs d’adoption comme compensation. Dans cette recherche, les facteurs influençant la moyenne de la VAC seront étudiés. Les résultats de l’analyse montrent que bon nombre de producteurs québécois adoptent déjà les pratiques respectueuses de l’environnement et font face à de nombreux défis en gestion agro-environnementale. Ces résultats montrent également que les producteurs confondent leur perception concernant les avantages et les difficultés des pratiques culturales respectueuses de l’environnement et une attitude peu négative envers les lois environnementales. La moyenne de la VAC des agriculteurs québécois est estimé à 79,73%. Les agriculteurs francophones démontre une VAC de 79,91% alors que celui des agriculteurs anglophones est de 71,75%, respectivement. D’après cette étude, le niveau de connaissance des agriculteurs sur le SGE, leurs attitudes envers les avantages et difficultés, l’accès à l’internet et l’usage d’un ordinateur dans la gestion de l’entreprise sont des facteurs significatifs qui influencent la moyenne de la VAC. fr

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Almadani, Mohamad Isam Nabil [Verfasser], Ludwig [Akademischer Betreuer] Theuvsen, Jörg Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Greef et Stephan von [Akademischer Betreuer] Cramon-Taubadel. « Risk attitude, risk perceptions and risk management strategies : an empirical analysis of Syrian wheat-cotton and pistachio farmers / Mohamad Isam Nabil Almadani. Gutachter : Ludwig Theuvsen ; Jörg Michael Greef ; Stephan von Cramon-Taubadel. Betreuer : Ludwig Theuvsen ». Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1055814523/34.

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Almadani, Mohamad Isam Nabil Verfasser], Ludwig [Akademischer Betreuer] [Theuvsen, Jörg Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Greef et Stephan von [Akademischer Betreuer] Cramon-Taubadel. « Risk attitude, risk perceptions and risk management strategies : an empirical analysis of Syrian wheat-cotton and pistachio farmers / Mohamad Isam Nabil Almadani. Gutachter : Ludwig Theuvsen ; Jörg Michael Greef ; Stephan von Cramon-Taubadel. Betreuer : Ludwig Theuvsen ». Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5F48-7-3.

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Valentine, Tammy C., Pamela H. Scott et Donald W. Good. « Response to Intervention in Meeting Academic Needs of At-Risk Students in Kindergarten Through Second Grade : Teacher Perceptions of Implementation ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/282.

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Borges, João Augusto Rossi. « Riscos e mecanismos para gerenciá-los : uma análise a partir das percepções dos produtores de commodities agrícolas ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28058.

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O gerenciamento de riscos é essencial para os produtores rurais de commodities agrícolas, visto que há uma variedade significativa de riscos que podem impactar negativamente nas atividades dos que produzem no campo. Da mesma maneira que os riscos são diversos, os mecanismos para gerenciá-los também o são. Entretanto, o que se percebe empiricamente é a baixa, ou até mesmo não utilização dos mecanismos formais por parte dos produtores, emergindo um paradoxo. A partir das premissas da teoria da tomada de decisão e da influência das características socioeconômicas e da estrutura de recursos da propriedade nas percepções dos produtores e, por conseguinte em seus comportamentos econômicos, esse estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de identificar fatores influentes nas percepções dos produtores de commodities agrícolas inseridos na microrregião geográfica de Vacaria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, sobre riscos e mecanismos para gerenciá-los Para se chegar à amostra não probabilística de oitenta produtores, foram realizadas entrevistas com dez informanteschaves que possibilitaram o contato com os respondentes. Os produtores rurais, além de responderem sobre suas características socioeconômicas e de estrutura de recursos da propriedade, foram questionados sobre suas percepções acerca de riscos. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva e análise multivariada. Os resultados demonstram que as fontes de riscos consideradas pelos respondentes como mais relevantes foram variabilidade climática, flutuações dos preços dos produtos e aumento dos custos de produção, enquanto que para os mecanismos de gerenciamento os classificados como mais importantes foram redução ou prevenção de doenças nas culturas, obtenção de uma reserva de crédito, obtenção de informações de mercado, gerenciamento de dívidas, utilização de consultores técnicos e diminuição de riscos com adoção de tecnologias. A partir dos dados quantitativos, realizaramse duas análises fatoriais, com posterior construção de modelos de regressão múltipla, visando a identificar fatores influentes nas percepções dos produtores. Os fatores identificados como influentes, embora com baixo impacto nas percepções, foram: idade, experiência no gerenciamento, atividade geradora de renda, nível educacional, sucessor, área da propriedade, principal cultura, posse de maquinário e participação em organizações. Os resultados indicam ainda que as percepções sobre riscos e mecanismos para gerenciá-los são pessoais.
Risk management is essential for the rural producers of agricultural commodities as there is a significant variety of risks that can negatively impact in the activities of those who work in the countryside. The same way that the risks are many, the mechanisms to manage them are also several. However, it is perceived that the producers almost do not use these resources or they do not use them at all what is a paradox. From the assumptions of the theory of decision making and from the influence of the socioeconomics characteristics and the resources structure of the ownership in the producers perceptions and therefore in their economic behavior, this study was conducted with the objective of identifying the influential factors in the producers perceptions of agricultural commodities in the micro-geographical region of Vacaria in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil about the risks and mechanisms to manage them. Interviews were conducted with ten key informants that allowed the contact with the respondents in order to reach a non-probability sample of eighty producers. The rural producers were inquired about their socioeconomic characteristics, the resource structure of the property and also about their perceptions concerning the risks. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. The results show that the sources of risks considered by the respondents as being the most relevant ones were the climate variability, fluctuation in the price of products and the increased costs of production. Considering the management mechanisms the most important factors were the reduction or prevention of diseases in crops, obtaining a credit reserve, obtaining market information, debt management, the use of technical consultants and the risk reduction with the use of technology. From the quantitative data two factorial analyses were conducted with the subsequent construction of multiple regression models with the aim of identifying the influential factors in the farmers’ perceptions. The factors identified as influential were the age, management experience, the income-generating activity, educational background, successor, area of the property, main crop, machinery availability and the participation in organizations, although they have a low impact. The results also indicate that the risk perceptions and the mechanisms to manage them are personal.

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Erlingsson, Christen. « Elder abuse explored through a prism of perceptions : perspectives of potential witnesses / ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1392.

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The overall aim of this thesis was to deepen understanding of elder abuse (EA) by exploring and comparing perceptions held by experts, older persons, representatives of potential support organizations, and family members. Experts’ perspectives (I) were examined through risk indicators and screening questions (a) located in EA literature and (b) selected by an international Delphi panel. Risk indicators most commonly found in the literature or selected by the panel were compiled into consensus lists. There were differences between risk indicators and questions in the two lists. In papers II and III participants were interviewed in focus groups about their perceptions of EA. Older persons (II) considered EA to be due to changing society and family systems where children are not brought up to respect older persons. EA was mainly conceptualized as ageism, criminal actions, mistreatment in residential care, and societal abuse. The abuser was perceived as a stranger or a healthcare worker. Fear was discussed as a major consequence of EA; especially fear among women. Abused persons were described as carrying the responsibility to seek help. Witnesses were described as hesitant to get involved. Improvements in society such as educating children and healthcare workers were considered ways to cope with EA. Besides family and friends there were few spontaneous suggestions for where to seek help and support in society. These suggestions included healthcare, police, church, and volunteer organizations. Representatives of these suggested organizations were interviewed in focus groups about their perceptions of EA (III). Perceptions of both causes and conceptions of EA were very similar to perceptions of older persons (II). Four themes emerged in the data; good intentions in abusive situations, older generation’s responsibility for EA, failing to report abuse, and prevention of abuse. Participants (III) also expressed ageist attitudes themselves and findings included victim blaming and tolerance for EA. Participants perceived that anyone could be provoked to abuse, and that abusers can be considered victims in abusive situations. Confidentiality was discussed as a barrier to reporting and the need for educating children to show respect for older persons was identified. Interviews with an adult family member (IV) explored her experiences of witnessing abuse situations between her uncle and his wife. In her desire to protect and remain loyal to her family she felt powerless and tolerated abuse. She longed for support she could trust but was locked into passivity by her feelings of shame. Synthesis of findings (I – IV) revealed issues of isolation, autonomy, vulnerability, victim blaming, perceiving the abuser as a victim of circumstances, ageism, tolerating EA, shame, and power as essential elements in EA. Based on the findings, alternative descriptions of EA are offered as a challenge to existing EA definitions. Findings suggest that a key to unlocking EA is compassion, understood as the ability to see a situation as if we were in it ourselves, experiencing the potential for disrespect, shame and unworthiness inherent in abusive acts.

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Paulse, Jessica Lynn. « Experience and perception of risky sexual behaviours in the context of crystal meth use among female adolescents at rehabilitation centers in Cape Town ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9525_1319014305.

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Drug abuse as well as risky sexual behaviours has been identified, globally as well as in South Africa, as social problems with dire consequences. Research suggests that crystal methamphetamine use leads to risky sexual behaviours such having unprotected sex, which can lead to unplanned pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections (STI's) including HIV infection. Adolescents as well as females have been identified as risk populations for both sexual risk behaviours and drug abuse. Furthermore, the Western Cape showed high rates of crystal methamphetamine addiction, especially in the under 20 age category, and the highest increase in the incidence of HIV infections in South Africa. This may be indicative of the magnitude of the problem of risky sexual behaviours in the context of crystal methamphetamine use in the Western Cape.

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Rabie, Osama Bassam J. « Developing a Cyberterrorism Policy : Incorporating Individual Values ». VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5549.

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Preventing cyberterrorism is becoming a necessity for individuals, organizations, and governments. However, current policies focus on technical and managerial aspects without asking for experts and non-experts values and preferences for preventing cyberterrorism. This study employs value focused thinking and public value forum to bare strategic measures and alternatives for complex policy decisions for preventing cyberterrorism. The strategic measures and alternatives are per socio-technical process.

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Xu, Ji-Tian, et 許績天. « The empirical analysis of smoking behavior and risk perception ». Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36105561649590394748.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Risk perception analysis »

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