Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Right PPC »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Right PPC"
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He, Xiaofei, Yue Lan, Guangqing Xu, Yurong Mao, Zhenghong Chen, Dongfeng Huang et Zhong Pei. « Frontoparietal regions may become hypoactive after intermittent theta burst stimulation over the contralateral homologous cortex in humans ». Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no 12 (15 décembre 2013) : 2849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00369.2013.
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Brain injury to the dorsal frontoparietal networks, including the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), commonly cause spatial neglect. However, the interaction of these different regions in spatial attention is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether hyperexcitable neural networks can cause an abnormal interhemispheric inhibition. The Attention Network Test was used to test subjects following intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to the left or right frontoparietal networks. During the Attention Network Test task, all subjects tolerated each conditioning iTBS without any obvious iTBS-related side effects. Subjects receiving real-right-PPC iTBS showed significant enhancement in both alerting and orienting efficiency compared with those receiving either sham-right-PPC iTBS or real-left-PPC iTBS. Moreover, subjects exposed to the real-right-DLPFC iTBS exhibited significant improvement in both alerting and executive control efficiency, compared with those exposed to either the sham-right-DLPFC or real-left-DLPFC conditioning. Interestingly, compared with subjects exposed to the sham-left-PPC stimuli, subjects exposed to the real-left-PPC iTBS had a significant deficit in the orienting index. The present study indicates that iTBS over the contralateral homologous cortex may induce the hypoactivity of the right PPC through interhemispheric competition in spatial orienting attention.
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Hartmann, Matthias, Sarah Singer, Branislav Savic, René M. Müri et Fred W. Mast. « Anodal High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Posterior Parietal Cortex Modulates Approximate Mental Arithmetic ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no 5 (mai 2020) : 862–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01514.
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The representation and processing of numerosity is a crucial cognitive capacity. Converging evidence points to the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) as primary “number” region. However, the exact role of the left and right PPC for different types of numerical and arithmetic tasks remains controversial. In this study, we used high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) to further investigate the causal involvement of the PPC during approximative, nonsymbolic mental arithmetic. Eighteen healthy participants received three sessions of anodal HD-tDCS at 1-week intervals in counterbalanced order: left PPC, right PPC, and sham stimulation. Results showed an improved performance during online parietal HD-tDCS (vs. sham) for subtraction problems. Specifically, the general tendency to underestimate the results of subtraction problems (i.e., the “operational momentum effect”) was reduced during online parietal HD-tDCS. There was no difference between left and right stimulation. This study thus provides new evidence for a causal involvement of the left and right PPC for approximate nonsymbolic arithmetic and advances the promising use of noninvasive brain stimulation in increasing cognitive functions.
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Collignon, Olivier, Marco Davare, Anne G. De Volder, Colline Poirier, Etienne Olivier et Claude Veraart. « Time-course of Posterior Parietal and Occipital Cortex Contribution to Sound Localization ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, no 8 (août 2008) : 1454–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20102.
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It has been suggested that both the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and the extrastriate occipital cortex (OC) participate in the spatial processing of sounds. However, the precise time-course of their contribution remains unknown, which is of particular interest, considering that it could give new insights into the mechanisms underlying auditory space perception. To address this issue, we have used event-related transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to induce virtual lesions of either the right PPC or right OC at different delays in subjects performing a sound lateralization task. Our results confirmed that these two areas participate in the spatial processing of sounds. More precisely, we found that TMS applied over the right OC 50 msec after the stimulus onset significantly impaired the localization of sounds presented either to the right or to the left side. Moreover, right PPC virtual lesions induced 100 and 150 msec after sound presentation led to a rightward bias for stimuli delivered on the center and on the left side, reproducing transiently the deficits commonly observed in hemineglect patients. The finding that the right OC is involved in sound processing before the right PPC suggests that the OC exerts a feedforward influence on the PPC during auditory spatial processing.
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Schintu, Selene, Elisa Martín-Arévalo, Michael Vesia, Yves Rossetti, Romeo Salemme, Laure Pisella, Alessandro Farnè et Karen T. Reilly. « Paired-Pulse Parietal-Motor Stimulation Differentially Modulates Corticospinal Excitability across Hemispheres When Combined with Prism Adaptation ». Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5716179.
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Rightward prism adaptation ameliorates neglect symptoms while leftward prism adaptation (LPA) induces neglect-like biases in healthy individuals. Similarly, inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) induces neglect-like behavior, whereas on the left PPC it ameliorates neglect symptoms and normalizes hyperexcitability of left hemisphere parietal-motor (PPC-M1) connectivity. Based on this analogy we hypothesized that LPA increases PPC-M1 excitability in the left hemisphere and decreases it in the right one. In an attempt to shed some light on the mechanisms underlying LPA’s effects on cognition, we investigated this hypothesis in healthy individuals measuring PPC-M1 excitability with dual-site paired-pulse TMS (ppTMS). We found a left hemisphere increase and a right hemisphere decrease in the amplitude of motor evoked potentials elicited by paired as well as single pulses on M1. While this could indicate that LPA biases interhemispheric connectivity, it contradicts previous evidence that M1-only MEPs are unchanged after LPA. A control experiment showed that input-output curves were not affected by LPAper se. We conclude that LPA combined with ppTMS on PPC-M1 differentially alters the excitability of the left and right M1.
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Mevorach, Carmel, Glyn W. Humphreys et Lilach Shalev. « Reflexive and Preparatory Selection and Suppression of Salient Information in the Right and Left Posterior Parietal Cortex ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no 6 (juin 2009) : 1204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21088.
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Attentional cues can trigger activity in the parietal cortex in anticipation of visual displays, and this activity may, in turn, induce changes in other areas of the visual cortex, hence, implementing attentional selection. In a recent TMS study [Mevorach, C., Humphreys, G. W., & Shalev, L. Opposite biases in salience-based selection for the left and right posterior parietal cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 9, 740–742, 2006b], it was shown that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) can utilize the relative saliency (a nonspatial property) of a target and a distractor to bias visual selection. Furthermore, selection was lateralized so that the right PPC is engaged when salient information must be selected and the left PPC when the salient information must be ignored. However, it is not clear how the PPC implements these complementary forms of selection. Here we used on-line triple-pulse TMS over the right or left PPC prior to or after the onset of global/local displays. When delivered after the onset of the display, TMS to the right PPC disrupted the selection of the more salient aspect of the hierarchical letter. In contrast, left PPC TMS delivered prior to the onset of the stimulus disrupted responses to the lower saliency stimulus. These findings suggest that selection and suppression of saliency, rather than being “two sides of the same coin,” are fundamentally different processes. Selection of saliency seems to operate reflexively, whereas suppression of saliency relies on a preparatory phase that “sets up” the system in order to effectively ignore saliency.
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Murphy, Aidan P., David A. Leopold, Glyn W. Humphreys et Andrew E. Welchman. « Lesions to right posterior parietal cortex impair visual depth perception from disparity but not motion cues ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 371, no 1697 (19 juin 2016) : 20150263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0263.
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The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is understood to be active when observers perceive three-dimensional (3D) structure. However, it is not clear how central this activity is in the construction of 3D spatial representations. Here, we examine whether PPC is essential for two aspects of visual depth perception by testing patients with lesions affecting this region. First, we measured subjects' ability to discriminate depth structure in various 3D surfaces and objects using binocular disparity. Patients with lesions to right PPC ( N = 3) exhibited marked perceptual deficits on these tasks, whereas those with left hemisphere lesions ( N = 2) were able to reliably discriminate depth as accurately as control subjects. Second, we presented an ambiguous 3D stimulus defined by structure from motion to determine whether PPC lesions influence the rate of bistable perceptual alternations. Patients' percept durations for the 3D stimulus were generally within a normal range, although the two patients with bilateral PPC lesions showed the fastest perceptual alternation rates in our sample. Intermittent stimulus presentation reduced the reversal rate similarly across subjects. Together, the results suggest that PPC plays a causal role in both inferring and maintaining the perception of 3D structure with stereopsis supported primarily by the right hemisphere, but do not lend support to the view that PPC is a critical contributor to bistable perceptual alternations. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Vision in our three-dimensional world’.
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Maggio, C. Di, C. Massullo, C. Imperatori, O. Palazzolo, B. Farina, M. Brinciotti, M. Ferrara, V. Guidetti et A. Terrinoni. « Triple network in adolescents with borderline personality disorder, early traumatic experiences and dissociative symptoms : An eloreta study ». European Psychiatry 64, S1 (avril 2021) : S140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.384.
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IntroductionTriple Network Model (TNM), which considers the dynamic interaction between Default Mode (DMN), Salience (SN), and Central Executive (CEN) networks, explains clinical features in mental disorders from a neurophysiological perspective. Some studies highlight the increased connectivity in TNM in adults with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), but little is known about adolescents.ObjectivesThe aim of our preliminary study was to investigate TN functional connectivity (FC) in BPD adolescents with a history of traumatic experiences, and its correlation with dissociative symptoms.Methods15 BPD adolescents (DSM-5 criteria) with early traumatic experiences were compared to 15 healthy controls, matched for sex and age. Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS-Q) was administered. Eyes-closed resting-state (RS) EEG recordings were performed (19 electrodes; 10- 20 system) and analyzed using Exact Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography software (eLORETA). FC was computed for all frequency bands and 9 Regions of Interest for TNM.ResultsBPD adolescents showed a hyper-connection between CEN and DMN [dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC); PCC and left posterior parietal cortex (PPC)] and within the CEN (left and right PPC). The strength of PCC-dlPFC and left-right PPC connections was correlated with dissociative symptoms severity.ConclusionsFC alterations can already be identified in BPD adolescents, supporting the need for early diagnosis. Normally DMN and CEN show opposite functioning. In our BPD adolescents, the absence of this “anti-correlation” reflects the typical confusion between internal and external mental states, which clarify their difficulties in metacognition or mentalization. Moreover, in dissociative symptoms, two CEN nodes are also involved, not only DMN as previously described.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Matsuda, Masayuki, Yoshiro Kai, Suzuka Harada, Kentaro Suzuki, Shigeto Hontsu et Shigeo Muro. « Duodenal Metastasis of Pulmonary Pleomorphic Carcinoma : A Case Report ». Case Reports in Oncology 14, no 3 (21 octobre 2021) : 1511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519664.
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Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is a rare subtype of lung sarcomatoid carcinoma that has a poor prognosis, and no standard therapy has been established. Here, we report the case of a 74-year-old man with PCC who showed rare duodenal metastasis. He was referred to our hospital with a mass shadow in the right lung. The patient was diagnosed with PPC clinical stage II B on the basis of immunohistochemical staining from bronchoscopy, and the tumor proportion score of programmed death-ligand 1 was 80%. He did not want any treatment. A year and a half later, progressive anemia was detected. The primary tumor was stable; however, abdominal computed tomography and esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a duodenal tumor with stenosis. He was diagnosed with duodenal metastasis from PPC, and he underwent gastrojejunal bypass surgery to prevent bowel obstruction. After surgery, he received pembrolizumab for chemotherapy. However, owing to the progression of peritoneum dissemination, he died 2 months later due to the onset of melena.
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Magis-Weinberg, Lucía, Ruud Custers et Iroise Dumontheil. « Rewards Enhance Proactive and Reactive Control in Adolescence and Adulthood ». Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 14, no 11 (1 novembre 2019) : 1219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz093.
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Abstract Cognitive control allows the coordination of cognitive processes to achieve goals. Control may be sustained in anticipation of goal-relevant cues (proactive control) or transient in response to the cues themselves (reactive control). Adolescents typically exhibit a more reactive pattern than adults in the absence of incentives. We investigated how reward modulates cognitive control engagement in a letter-array working memory (WM) task in 30 adolescents (12–17 years) and 20 adults (23–30 years) using a mixed block- and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging design. After a Baseline run without rewards, participants performed a Reward run where 50% trials were monetarily rewarded. Accuracy and reaction time (RT) differences between Reward and Baseline runs indicated engagement of proactive control, which was associated with increased sustained activity in the bilateral anterior insula (AI), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and right posterior parietal cortex (PPC). RT differences between Reward and No reward trials of the Reward run suggested additional reactive engagement of cognitive control, accompanied with transient activation in bilateral AI, lateral PFC, PPC, supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate cortex, putamen and caudate. Despite behavioural and neural differences during Baseline WM task performance, adolescents and adults showed similar modulations of proactive and reactive control by reward.
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Rounis, Elisabeth, Kielan Yarrow et John C. Rothwell. « Effects of rTMS Conditioning over the Fronto-parietal Network on Motor versus Visual Attention ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, no 3 (mars 2007) : 513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.3.513.
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Many studies have shown that visuospatial orienting attention depends on a network of frontal and parietal areas in the right hemisphere. Rushworth et al. [Rushworth, M. F., Krams, M., & Passingham, R. E. The attentional role of the left parietal cortex: The distinct lateralization and localization of motor attention in the human brain. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 698–710, 2001] have recently provided evidence for a left-lateralized network of parietal areas involved in motor attention. Using two variants of a cued reaction time (RT) task, we set out to investigate whether high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS; 5 Hz) delivered “off-line” in a virtual lesion paradigm over the right or left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) would affect performance in a motor versus a visual attention task. Although rTMS over the DLPFC on either side did not affect RT performance on a spatial orienting task, it did lead to an increase in the RTs of invalidly cued trials in a motor attention task when delivered to the left DLPFC. The opposite effect was found when rTMS was delivered to the PPC: In this case, conditioning the right PPC led to increased RTs in invalidly cued trials located in the left hemispace, in the spatial orienting task. rTMS over the PPC on either side did not affect performance in the motor attention task. This double dissociation was evident in the first 10 min after rTMS conditioning. These results enhance our understanding of the networks associated with attention. They provide evidence of a role for the left DLPFC in the mechanisms of motor preparation, and confirm Mesulam's original proposal for a right PPC dominance in spatial attention [Mesulam, M. M. A cortical network for directed attention and unilateral neglect. Annals of Neurology, 10, 309–325, 1981].
Thèses sur le sujet "Right PPC"
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VAROLI, ERICA. « TMS-EEG : a promising tool to study the cathodal tDCS effects on cortical excitability ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/280669.
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La Stimolazione transcranica a Corrente Diretta continua (tDCS) è una tecnica di neurostimolazione non invasiva in grado di generare alterazioni dell’eccitabilità neuronale dipendenti dalla plasticità. Negli ultimi anni si sta assistendo a un crescente interesse nell’utilizzo di questa tecnica, sia in settings clinici che sperimentali. In particolare, la possibilità di indurre effetti a lungo termine rende la tDCS interessante nel trattamento di deficit cognitivi associati a disturbi sia neuropsicologici che psichiatrici. Nonostante la sua crescente diffusione, si sa ancora poco riguardo i meccanismi neurofisiologici alla base del suo funzionamento, soprattutto per quanto riguarda gli effetti su regioni cerebrali che sottostanno a funzioni cognitive di ordine superiore. Una conoscenza più approfondita dei meccanismi alla base della tDCS potrebbe quindi essere cruciale per riuscire a definire e migliorare i protocolli di stimolazione sia clinici che di ricerca. A questo scopo, uno studio sistematico degli effetti corticali della tDCS appare ancora più necessario. In questo progetto abbiamo quindi esplorato gli effetti di plasticità corticale indotti dalla stimolazione catodica in soggetti sani, sia a riposo che durante l’esecuzione di un compito, utilizzando il sistema integrato di Stimolazione Magnetica Transcranica ed Elettroencefalografia (TMS-EEG). Il TMS-EEG è una tecnica molto efficace in quando permette di misurare direttamente la modulazione dell’eccitabilità corticale su tutta la corteccia. In questa tesi sono riportati tre studi. Nel primo, partendo dai risultati sulla tDCS anodica già precedentemente pubblicati, sono stati esplorati gli effetti della tDCS catodica sulla Corteccia Parietale Posteriore (PPC) destra a riposo. Nel secondo studio, abbiamo indagato gli effetti comportamentali indotti dalla tDCS catodica sulla PPC destra, durante l’esecuzione di due compiti: uno di memoria di lavoro visuospaziale e uno di orientamento dell’attenzione visuospaziale. Nel terso studio, infine, abbiamo utilizzato nuovamente il TMS-EEG per tracciare gli effetti neurofisiologici della tDCS catodica sulla PPC di destra mentre i partecipanti erano impegnati nell’esecuzione dei compiti individuati nello studio precedente. I risultati per la tDCS catodica a riposo non hanno mostrato effetti di modulazione dell’eccitabilità corticale, sia a livello dei sensori che a livello delle sorgenti, sia a livello locale che globale. I risultati precedentemente ottenuti con la tDCS anodica, hanno invece mostrato un aumento diffuso dell’eccitabilità corticale lungo un network bilaterale frontoparietale, che rispecchia le connessioni strutturali tra le aree d’interesse. Durante l’esecuzione di un compito, invece, la stimolazione catodica, così come quella anodica, ha mostrato una modulazione nell’eccitabilità corticale solo in quelle aree che sono coinvolte nell’esecuzione del compito. In conclusione, in questo lavoro di tesi emergono diversi interessanti risultati. Innanzitutto, questi dati mostrano un effetto non lineare della tDCS sull’eccitabilità corticale a riposo, che non possono essere completamente spiegati dal semplice dualismo anodico-eccitatorio catodico-inibitorio. Un altro risultato rilevante è dato dal ruolo cruciale giocato dai differenti stati ti attivazione corticale (a riposo Vs attivo). Questi risultati sembrano mostrare che il livello di attivazione corticale di base contribuisca a modulare gli effetti della stimolazione, in accordo con l’ipotesi “attività-selettività”. Lo stato di attivazione di base deve quindi essere preso in considerazione, in particolare se si vogliono osservare degli effetti di neuromodulazione con tDCS catodica. In generale, tutte queste osservazioni contribuiscono a costruire quel corpus di conoscenze necessario soprattutto per la definizione dei parametri tDCS sia per esperimenti di neuroscienze cognitive che per protocolli riabilitativi.Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulatory technique able to induce plasticity-related alterations in neuronal excitability. There is a growing interest in the use of tDCS in both experimental and clinical settings; in particular, the chance to induce long-term effects fostered the used of the technique to treat cognitive impairments associated with different neuropsychological and psychiatric disorders. Although tDCS is increasingly used, presently little is still known about its neurophysiological underpinnings, particularly concerning the activity on the brain regions that underlie high cognitive brain functions. In these cases, optimal tDCS stimulation parameters also have yet to be clearly defined. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underpinning this technique would be crucial to achieving a better refinement of stimulation protocols for clinical and research purposes. For this reason, a systematic and comprehensive study of its cortical effects acquires a critical relevance. In the last years, there has been indeed a keen interest in understanding the working mechanisms of this technique. To address this issue, in this project we explored the cortical plasticity modulation induced by cathodal stimulation on healthy subjects while resting or during task execution, using an integrated system of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography (TMS-EEG), which allows to directly measure cortical excitability modulation all over the cortex and effective connectivity. In the first study, starting from the previous results with anodal tDCS, the effects of cathodal stimulation over the right Posterior Parietal Cortex (PPC) were explored during resting state. The contralateral homologue brain area, namely the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC), was targeted with TMS before, during, and after cathodal stimulation. In the second study, we explored the behavioural effects induced by the application of cathodal tDCS over right PPC during the execution of two tasks, one of visuospatial working memory and a second tapping visual attention reorienting, which are known to involve this brain area. The aim was to find tasks sensitive to the effect of cathodal tDCS over the right PCC, to be used in the third study. A disruption of the performance was found for the Posner Cueing Task. In the third study, we employed again TMS-EEG to track the neurophysiological effects of cathodal tDCS on right PPC at an active state, i.e. while the participants were performing the task tested on the second study. The results at resting state for cathodal tDCS, both at sensors and cortical sources levels, converge in showing no differences during and after tDCS compared to pre-stimulation sessions, both at a global and local level. The previous results with anodal tDCS, instead, reported a widespread rise of cortical excitability along with a bilateral frontoparietal network, following structural connections. On the other hand, at an active state, cathodal, as well as anodal, tDCS induced modulation of cortical excitability only in the task-relevant brain regions. Several significant findings emerged from this empirical work. First of all, these data highlight a non-linear impact of anodal and cathodal stimulation on cortical excitability at rest that is not depicted by the simplistic view of anodal-excitatory and cathodal-inhibitory effects. Another relevant point is the crucial role played by the different cortical states (resting vs active). These results seem to point out that the level of cortical state can contribute to modulate the tDCS effects, in line with “activity-selectivity” hypothesis. The level of cortical state needs to be taken into account, especially to observe neuromodulatory effects also with cathodal tDCS. All these findings hold relevant implications for tDCS setup in both cognitive neuroscience experiments and rehabilitation protocols.
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Krabbe, Erik C. W. « Being right, admitting that someone is right, being judged right ». [Groningen : [Groningen : Rijksuniversiteit Groningen] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2008. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/.
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Bíró, Tamás Sándor. « Finding the right words implementing optimality theory with simulated annealing / ». [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2006. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/298098970.
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Schrijver, Nico. « Sovereignty over natural resources : balancing rights and duties in an interdependent world ». [S.l. : [Groningen] : s.n.] ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1995. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/128220244.
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Almeida, Ludmila Chaves. « "PPB : origem e trajetória de um partido de direita no Brasil" ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-29052006-002701/.
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Esta dissertação analisa a trajetória do Partido Progressista Brasileiro (PPB), atualmente rebatizado de Partido Progressista (PP), desde a época do regime militar, sob a denominação de ARENA. O trabalho investiga o desempenho eleitoral e as estratégias que o partido vem utilizando para sobreviver em um ambiente democrático e multipartidário. Nascido dentro do Estado no período autoritário o PPB enfrentou uma série de dificuldades para manter-se com a transição para a democracia. O partido que nasceu grande e descentralizado vem ao longo do tempo assumindo outro perfil: um partido menor e mais centralizado. Apesar de ter perdido influência o PPB têm se mantido entre os maiores partidos do Brasil concentrando cerca de 10% dos cargos políticos em disputa. O trabalho trata também dos deputados, federais e estaduais, do PPB, analisando o posicionamento destes acerca de questões importantes para a política nacional.This dissertation analyses the trajectory of the Brazilian Progressive Party (recently renamed of Progressive Party - PP), since its creation during the military regimen under the denomination of ARENA (Renovadora National Alliance). The work investigates the electoral performance and the strategies developed by the party to survive under a democratic and multiparty environment. Having been born within of the State, BPP faced many difficulties to survive after the end of the authoritarian regime. After having developed a large and decentralized struture, this party have changed into: a centralized and small organization. Although having lost most of its influence, the BPP has kept its position among the largest parties concentrating about 10% of the elected offices in the country. The work also examines the BPP´s members of the houses of representatives, analysing their positioning regarding important issues of Brazilian policy.
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González, Morales Nicanor. « L'intestin adulte comme modèle d'étude de l'asymétrie droite-gauche chez la Drosophile : couplage entre la myosine ID et la polarité planaire dans l'asymétrie droite-gauche chez la Drosophile ». Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4071/document.
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L’asymétrie Droite-Gauche (DG) est responsable de l’empaquetage et l’enroulement stéréotypé des organes internes au cours du développement. Chez la Drosophile, l’intestin postérieur adulte (AHG) se développe asymétriquement selon l’axe DG en formant une boucle dextrale. Comme pour tous les organes asymétriques DG de la Drosophile, la mise en place de l’axe DG nécessite l’expression de la myosine non conventionnelle de type I : MyoID. Cette myosine se lie à la DE-Cadherine au niveau des jonctions adhérentes (AJ) pour mettre en place l’axe DG, mais le mécanisme moléculaire qui transforme la chiralité de MyoID en une morphogenèse asymétrique DG est totalement inconnu. Le AHG est un long tube situé au milieu de l’abdomen, qui présente une boucle dextrale dans sa partie proximale. Il se développe à partir d’un groupe de progéniteurs formés de deux populations de cellules : H1 et H2. Dans cette étude, nous avons mis en évidence que MyoID contrôle la formation de la boucle dextrale du AHG grâce à son interaction avec la cadhérine atypique Dachsous dans les cellules H1. De plus, nous avons pu mettre en évidence que la signalisation Dachsous-Fat est activée à travers les cellules H2 entrainant leur polarisation du coté droit, et ainsi formant l’enroulement du AHG. Les cellules H1 sont transitoires, elles disparaissent lors des premières heures de la métamorphose. Cependant, l’information dextrale générée dans les cellules H1 perdure dans les cellules H2 grâce à l’action coordonnée des composants de la polarité planaire. Nous montrons que la polarité planaire contrôle l’établissement de l’asymétrie DG en aval de MyoID, en transmettant l’information DG dans le AHGStereotyped left right (LR) asymmetry ensures proper looping of internal organs. In Drosophila, the adult hindgut (AHG) has a clear stereotypical dextral loop and, like all LR asymmetric organs, require MyoID for correct orientation. MyoID is an unconventional myosin type I that binds to DE-Cadherin, this association is required for proper LR establishment; however the mechanism that translates MyoID chirality into proper morphogenesis remains unknown. The AHG is a long tube coiled dextrally and located in the middle of the abdominal region. It develops from a cluster of progenitors containing two different populations of cells, H1 and H2. Here, we show that MyoID controls the AHG dextral loop by binding to the atypical cadherin Dachsous in H1 cells. Further, Ds-Fat signaling propagates towards the H2 cells which in turn become polarized towards the right and consequently loop. H1 is a transient population of cells that wear off in the first hours of metamorphosis; nevertheless the dextral information generated in H1 is maintained in H2 cells due to the cooperative action of PCP components. We demonstrate that the molecular basis of the LR establishment downstream of MyoID action lies in the PCP system, which has a double role transmitting and maintaining a dextral signal in the AHG. Thus, we provide for the first time a link in L/R morphogenesis between Drosophila and vertebrates in which PCP mutants result in L/R defects. Furthermore, in our attempts to better understand the evolution of L/R morphogenesis we found the recently co-Appearance of a myoID cis-Regulatory element and the AHG dextral loop, during Drosophila evolution, suggesting that changes in myoID express
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Gomez-Arroyo, Jose. « Metabolic Remodeling and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Maladaptive Right Ventricular Hypertrophy Secondary to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ». VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3257.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Right ventricular dysfunction is the most frequent cause of death in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Although abnormal energy substrate use has been implicated in the development of chronic left heart failure, data describing such metabolic remodeling in failing right ventricular tissue remain incomplete. In the present dissertation we sought to characterize metabolic gene expression changes and mitochondrial dysfunction in functional and dysfunctional RV hypertrophy. Two different rat models of RV hypertrophy were studied. The model of right ventricular failure (SU5416/hypoxia) exhibited a significantly decreased gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- coactivator-1α, peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-α and estrogen-related receptor-α. The expression of multiple peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- coactivator-1α target genes required for fatty acid oxidation was similarly decreased. Decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- coactivator-1α expression was also associated with a net loss of mitochondrial protein and oxidative capacity. Reduced mitochondrial number was associated with a downregulation of transcription factor A, mitochondrial, and other genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis. Electron microscopy demonstrated that, in right ventricular failure tissue, mitochondria had abnormal shape and size. Lastly, respirometric analysis demonstrated that mitochondria isolated from right ventricular failure tissue had a significantly reduced ADP- stimulated (state 3) rate for complex I. Conversely, functional right ventricular hypertrophy in the pulmonary artery banding model showed normal expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- coactivator-1α, whereas the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes was either preserved or unregulated. Moreover, pulmonary artery banding-right ventricular tissue exhibited preserved transcription factor A mitochondrial expression and mitochondrial respiration despite elevated right ventricular pressure-overload. We conclude that right ventricular dysfunction, but not functional right ventricular hypertrophy in rats, demonstrates a gene expression profile compatible with a multilevel impairment of fatty acid metabolism and significant mitochondrial dysfunction, partially independent of chronic pressure-overload.
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Chalah, Moussa. « Physiopathologie et traitement de la fatigue dans la sclérose en plaques Fatigue in multiple sclerosis - Insights into evaluation and management Effects of left DLPFC versus right PPC tDCS on multiple sclerosis fatigue Long-term effects of tDCS on fatigue, mood and cognition in multiple sclerosis Long term effects of prefrontal tDCS on multiple sclerosis fatigue : A case study Transcranial direct current stimulation : A glimmer of hope for multiple sclerosis fatigue ? Neurophysiological, radiological and neuropsychological evaluation of fatigue in multiple sclerosis Corticospinal inhibition and alexithymia in multiple sclerosis patients–An exploratory study ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0066.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La fatigue est un symptôme fréquent chez les patients atteints de sclérose en plaques (SEP). Malgré la gravité de ce symptôme, sa physiopathologie demeure vague et ses traitements sont insatisfaisants dans la majorité des cas. L’objectif de ce travail était de comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents de la fatigue liée à la SEP, et tester les effets de la stimulation électrique transcrânienne (tDCS) sur ce symptôme. Dans une première étude (revue de littérature), on a analysé les données disponibles sur la physiopathologie de la fatigue dans la SEP, et on a identifié une boucle cortico-striato-thalamo-corticale associée à ce symptôme. On a trouvé que, sur le plan neuropsychologique, les symptômes affectifs sont les corrélats les plus pertinents. Cependant, les corrélats neurophysiologiques de ce symptôme sont peu étudiés et une discordance existe dans la littérature quant aux résultats rapportés par les divers travaux. Ensuite, dans une deuxième étude, on a effectué une évaluation physiopathologique de la fatigue chez 38 patients atteints de SEP. Les patients fatigués avaient, par rapport à ceux non fatigués, une symptomatologie affective plus prononcée, une inhibition intracorticale plus élevée et des anomalies cortico-sous-corticales touchant les noyaux caudés et le cortex pariétal. Les résultats neuropsychologiques de ce travail suggèrent des mécanismes sous-jacents communs ainsi que des relations bidirectionnelles entre la fatigue et les symptômes affectifs. Les résultats neurophysiologiques reflètent des processus de plasticité mal adaptative à l’origine de la fatigue. Les résultats radiologiques soutiennent la présence d’une boucle cortico-sous-corticale à la base de la perception de la fatigue dans la SEP. Dans une troisième étude, on s’est intéressé à étudier, chez 27 patients, la neurophysiologie des symptômes affectifs associés à la fatigue dans la SEP. Une association significative a été observée entre l'alexithymie et la période de silence corticale. Les résultats mettent en évidence la relation entre l'alexithymie et une transmission gabaergique défectueuse, et concordent avec des travaux antérieurs réalisés chez des sujets sains et des patients souffrant de troubles de la personnalité. Dans une quatrième étude, on a effectué une revue de la littérature sur la place de la tDCS dans le traitement de la fatigue de la SEP, et on a identifié quelques travaux qui ont rapporté des résultats prometteurs obtenus en réponse à une stimulation anodique des régions sensorimotrices. Ensuite, dans une cinquième étude, on a évalué la place de la tDCS anodique préfrontale gauche ou pariétale droite dans le traitement de la fatigue liée à la SEP. 10 patients fatigués atteints de SEP ont été inclus dans une étude croisée randomisée contrôlée en double aveugle (stimulation anodique réelle ou placebo ciblant le cortex préfrontal gauche ou pariétal droit). Seule la stimulation active préfrontale gauche s’est avérée efficace sur la fatigue. Enfin, du fait de la possibilité de prolonger et de potentialiser les effets en multipliant les séances de stimulation, on a appliqué dans une dernière étude, 14-19 séances de tDCS anodique préfrontale gauche chez deux patients ; cette intervention a permis de maintenir, sur plusieurs semaines, les effets bénéfiques de la tDCS sur la fatigue et améliorer d’autres mesures cognitives et affectives. Compte tenu du caractère handicapant de la SEP, des projets futurs pourraient tester l’application de la tDCS à domicile, avec un outil de stimulation bien sécurisé et un contrôle technique supervisé à distance afin de s’assurer du bon déroulement des séances et maximiser les bénéfices. Aussi, un couplage de la tDCS à des techniques de psychothérapie, notamment la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale, semble avoir une place dans l’arsenal thérapeutique de ce symptôme et mérite d’être évalué dans l’avenir procheFatigue is a common symptom that dramatically affects the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite the severity of this symptom, its pathophysiology remains vague and diverse, and its available treatments are unsatisfactory in the majority of cases. The aim of this work was to understand the underlying mechanisms of fatigue in MS, and then to conduct a therapeutic study to assess the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on fatigue in MS patients.In a first study (literature review), the available data on the pathophysiology of fatigue in MS were analyzed, and a cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loop associated with this symptom was identified. Affective symptoms constitute the most pertinent neuropsychological correlates. Neurophysiological data are scarce and inconsistent across the studies. Then, in a second study, a multidisciplinary assessment of fatigue was performed in 38 MS patients. Compared to non-fatigued patients, fatigued ones had higher scores of affective symptoms; higher intracortical inhibition; and cortico-subcortical abnormalities (caudate nuclei and parietal cortex). The neuropsychological findings suggest common underlying mechanisms as well as bidirectional relationships between fatigue and affective symptoms. The neurophysiological findings may reflect maladaptive plasticity processes behind the generation of fatigue. The radiological findings support the existence of a cortico-subcortical loop at the basis of MS fatigue. In a third study, the neurophysiology of affective symptoms associated with MS fatigue was assessed in 27 patients. A significant association was found between alexithymia and the cortical silent period. These results highlight the relationship between alexithymia and defective GABAergic transmission and are consistent with previous work in healthy subjects and patients with personality disorders.In a fourth study, a literature review was conducted on the use of tDCS to treat MS fatigue, and a few studies targeting the sensorimotor regions, and yielding promising antifatigue effects were identified. In a fifth study, the place of anodal prefrontal or parietal tDCS in the treatment of fatigue was assessed in 10 fatigued MS patients in a crossover randomized controlled double-blind study (active or sham anodal tDCS over the left prefrontal or right parietal cortex). Only active left prefrontal stimulation improved fatigue. This work proposes tDCS as a potential therapeutic tool for treating MS fatigue. Finally, based on recent literature supporting the idea of a cumulative effect following the repetition of stimulation sessions, several sessions of left prefrontal anodal tDCS (14-19 sessions) were performed in two patients; this intervention led to a long-term improvement of fatigue as well as an amelioration of other cognitive and affective manifestations.Since MS is a debilitating disease, future projects could test the application of home-based tDCS using a well-secured stimulation setting and a remotely supervised technical control in order to ensure a successful session performance and maximize the clinical benefits. In addition, coupling tDCS with some psychotherapeutic approaches, notably the cognitive-behavioral therapy, could have a place in the therapeutic armamentarium of MS fatigue and merits in-depth assessment in the near future
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Dvořák, Petr. « Štěrbinová anténa ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221052.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis discusses Slot antennas that are based in gap waveguide technology, which allows them to work with high frequency signals. It contains theoretical findings about antennas and waveguides, which are later used in the design. The practical section of this thesis concentrates on designing a specific gap waveguide for 10 and 24 GHz frequencies, starting with modeling and parameter optimalization. This gap waveguide is then used as a base for slot antenna design. The final antenna is designed for frequency of 10 GHz, for both linear and right-handed circular polarizations. With right-handed circular polarization, the achieved band was approximately 1.41 GHz, while the gain was 7,6 dB.
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Neto, José Guerra de Andrade Lima. « A reforma política da PEC 182/2007 : uma leitura crítica a partir da representação democrática e da participação popular no constitucionalismo democrático ». Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1190.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nas circunstâncias atuais do cenário político brasileiro, a necessidade de mudanças na estrutura política se mostra premente. Assim, mais uma vez a sociedade brasileira está diante do tema Reforma Política. As modificações ocorridas nos últimos anos na estrutura política não contribuíram para o aprimoramento da representatividade no Congresso Nacional, tanto isso é verdade que o Brasil enfrenta uma grave crise de representatividade democrática. Houve, entretanto, mudanças pontuais, como a possibilidade da reeleição para os cargos do Poder Executivo, a necessidade de prestações de contas dos candidatos durante o processo eleitoral e ao final dele, uma maior transparência sobre os financiadores das campanhas eleitorais, prazos diferenciados de permanência mínima nos partidos políticos por parte daqueles que desejam concorrer a cargos eletivos. Após esse debate sobre a democracia, haverá um segundo momento onde será abordada a releitura da teoria da soberania popular realizada por Roberto Viciano Pastor e Rubén Martinez Dalmau conhecida como novo constitucionalismo latino-americano. Para tanto, serão utilizadas, como subsídio, as experiências de mudanças constitucionais ocorridas no Equador, Venezuela e Bolívia, a fim de demonstrar como um processo de reforma política consistente pode favorecer o processo de consolidação da democracia no Brasil. O debate social surgido após as eleições de 2014, conhecidas perante a Justiça Eleitoral como Eleições Gerais (Presidente da República, Governador de Estado, Senadores, Deputados Federais, Estaduais e Distritais), não apresentou ainda o resultado esperado pelo Brasil, qual seja, a tentativa de moralização das campanhas eleitorais e da gestão política como um todo. Escândalos de corrupção, principalmente sobre o financiamento privado por meio de doações às campanhas eleitorais, foram o verdadeiro motor para movimentar uma engrenagem obsoleta encontrada no Congresso Nacional. Os diversos projetos de lei, bem como as diversas propostas de emenda à Constituição tratavam exclusivamente de pontos oriundos do Direito Eleitoral, a exemplo do voto distrital e suas diversas ramificações e compreensões jurídicas, financiamento das campanhas eleitorais, voto proporcional e possibilidade de reeleição para os chefes do Poder Executivo. E, dentro dessa perspectiva, um terceiro capítulo abordará a reforma política em trâmite no Congresso Nacional, por meio da Comissão Especial criada para debater esse tema, bem como a proposta de emenda à Constituição Federal que servirá de norte para as futuras modificações constitucionais e legislativas. Ter-se-á, nas considerações finais, o resultado das pesquisas empreendidas sobre o texto base utilizado na referida comissão, a PEC n 113/2015 da Câmara Federal e suas consequências, caso seja aprovada da maneira como se encontra redigida.In Brazils current political scenario, there is a pressing need for change in political structure. Thus, once more Brazilian society faces the topic of Political Reform. The alterations that happened during the past few years in the countrys political structure did not contribute towards improving representation in National Congress; such reality causes Brazil to face a serious crisis in democratic representation. There were, however, specific alterations, such as the possibility of reelection for Executive seats; the need for legal accountability reports for candidates undergoing electoral process, and at its end, greater transparency regarding electoral campaign financers; different time of affiliation in political party requirements for those intending to run for office. After this debate on democracy, there will be a moment where a reinterpretation on the theory of popular sovereignty made by Roberto Viciano Pastor and Rubén Martinez Dalmau, known as Latin-America new constitutionalism, shall be addressed. To do so, the experiences on constitutional changes in Venezuela, Ecuador e Bolivia will be used as subsidy for demonstrating an alternative to political reform process. The social debate that surfaced after the 2014 elections, known to Electoral Justice as General Elections (Country President, State Governors, Senators, Federal, State and Federal District Congressmen), did not yet show any of the results Brazil expected, such as the attempt to moralize political campaigns and political management as a whole. Corruption scandals, especially regarding private funding through donations to electoral campaigns, were the real engine powering obsolete gears found in National Congress. Many bills, as well as many Constitution amendment proposals dealt solely with points that came from Electoral Law, such as district voting and its many juridical understandings and ramifications, electoral campaign funding, proportional vote and the possibility of reelection for Executive leading seats. And, within this perspective, a third chapter will address the political reform currently being processed in National Congress, by means of the Special Committee created to discuss this topic, as well as the proposal of an amendment to the Federal Constitution which shall guide future constitutional and legislative modifications. By the end, there shall be, within final considerations, the results of research undertaken on the base text used in the aforementioned committee, PEC n. 113/2005 from Federal Congress, and its consequences in the event of it being approved the way it is currently written.
Livres sur le sujet "Right PPC"
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Stoddart, Lynn. Johnston Press plc : It's over 200 years old, it has a market value of £350 million and it's right over here. [Edinburgh] : [Napier University], 1997.
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Bond, Robert. Manifesto of the Right Hon. Sir Robert Bond, P.C., K.C.M.G., premier. [St. John's, Nfld. ? : s.n., 1995.
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Commission, Press Complaints. Moving ahead : The development of PCC policy and practice in 1995. London : Press Complaints Commission, 1996.
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Commission, Press Complaints. Moving ahead : The development of PCC policy and practice in 1995. London : Press Complaints Commission, 1996.
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Português, Partido Comunista, dir. Encontro do PCP sobre os direitos das mulheres. Lisboa : Ediçoes Avante, 2008.
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Encontro do PCP sobre os Direitos das Mulheres (2008 Lisbon, Portugal). Encontro do PCP sobre os direitos das mulheres. Lisboa : Ediçoes Avante, 2008.
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Robert, Bond. Manifesto of the Right Hon. Sir Robert Bond, P.C., K.C.M.G., Premier, 1908. [St. John's, Nfld. ? : s.n.], 1995.
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L, De Silva H., Amerasinghe A. Ranjit B, Wijeratne S. S et Bar Association of Sri Lanka. Legal Aid Foundation., dir. Human rights, human values, and the rule of law : Essays in honour of Deshamanya H.L. de Silva, P.C. Colombo : Legal Aid Foundation, Bar Association of Sri Lanka, 2003.
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Emslie, George Carlyle Emslie, Baron, 1919- et Hunter, Robert F., LL. B., dir. Justice and crime : Essays in honour of the Right Honourable The Lord Emslie, M.B.E., P.C., L.L.D., F.R.S.E. Edinburgh : T. & T. Clark, 1993.
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Víctimas o vencedores ? : Una aproximación al movimiento de los ex PAC. Guatemala : Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO), 2004.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Right PPC"
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Shekane, Paul. « Is Point-of-Care (POC) Coagulation Testing Worthwhile Before Regional or Neuraxial Anesthesia ? » Dans You’re Wrong, I’m Right, 337–38. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43169-7_97.
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Chareton, Christophe, Sébastien Bardin, François Bobot, Valentin Perrelle et Benoît Valiron. « An Automated Deductive Verification Framework for Circuit-building Quantum Programs ». Dans Programming Languages and Systems, 148–77. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72019-3_6.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractWhile recent progress in quantum hardware open the door for significant speedup in certain key areas, quantum algorithms are still hard to implement right, and the validation of such quantum programs is a challenge. In this paper we propose Qbricks, a formal verification environment for circuit-building quantum programs, featuring both parametric specifications and a high degree of proof automation. We propose a logical framework based on first-order logic, and develop the main tool we rely upon for achieving the automation of proofs of quantum specification: PPS, a parametric extension of the recently developed path sum semantics. To back-up our claims, we implement and verify parametric versions of several famous and non-trivial quantum algorithms, including the quantum parts of Shor’s integer factoring, quantum phase estimation (QPE) and Grover’s search.
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Lutz, Alexander, et Axel Lachmeyer. « SciPPPer : Automatic Lock-Passage for Inland Vessels – Practical Results Focusing on Control Performance ». Dans Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 959–68. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_85.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractNavigating through locks is one of the most challenging tasks that skippers have to perform in inland navigation. Typical dimensions of a ship (width = 11.45 m) and a lock (width = 12 m) result in an error margin of less than 30 cm to the left and to the right of the ship when navigating within a lock chamber. Typical inland vessels on European waters have a length of 82 to 186 m. The wheel house on cargo vessels is located close to the stern of the vessel. This leads to low visibility of the bow in the lock chamber. In order to cope with this issue, a deck hand monitors the bow and announces distances to the skipper via radio. The quality of this information depends on the deck hand’s ability to judge distances correctly and is prone to error. This highly demanding maneuver needs to be performed up to 15 times per day. Each lock passage can take up to 30 minutes. The research project SciPPPer aims at automating this complex navigational task.The German acronym SciPPPer stands for Schleusenassistenzsystem basierend auf PPP und VDES für die Binnenschifffahrt – lock assistant system based on PPP and VDES for inland navigation. The idea is to fully automate the navigation into and out of a lock using high-precision GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) with PPP (precise point positioning) correction data which is transmitted from shore to ship using VDES (VHF Data Exchange System), an extension to AIS (Automatic Identification System). This absolute measurement data is complemented by relative measurement data using LiDAR and automotive RADAR and fused with inertial measurement data delivered by a mechanical gyro system. Apart from the challenge of precisely measuring the position and orientation of the vessel within the lock chamber, the control task poses an interesting problem as well. This contribution introduces both, the measuring and the control problem. However, the focus lies on the results of the control performance that was achieved on a full-bridge simulator as well as during real-world trials. A full-bridge simulator was used in order to test the control strategy and its algorithms safely. A number of different actuator configurations were investigated. Typical inland cargo vessels use one or two propellers with Kort nozzle and a twin rudder behind each propeller and a 360° turnable bow thruster. Typical inland passenger vessels use several (2–4) 360° turnable rudder propellers as main propulsion as well as a 360° turnable bow thruster or a classical tunnel thruster which can only apply forces to starboard or portside. These typical configurations were examined by simulation. The real-world trials were performed on a passenger vessel with three rudder propellers as main propulsion as well as a classical tunnel bow thruster acting left and right.This contribution presents the results of the simulator study as well as the real-world trials in terms of control performance. It explains specific challenges due to the navigation within an extremely confined space. The contribution concludes with lessons learned as well as an outlook focusing on the potential of the introduction of such a system to the inland navigation market.
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Donnelly, Dessie, Joe Finnerty et Cathal O’Connell. « The right to housing ». Dans International Human Rights, Social Policy & ; Global, 209–22. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447349211.003.0017.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter describes the human rights-based approach to housing and analyses it from a critical social policy perspective. The first section outlines the importance of housing as a human right, the second explores the distinctiveness of housing and a third section provides a case study of a community advocacy group, Participation and the Practice of Rights (PPR), using international human rights instruments such as the UN International Covenant for Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) to promote housing rights. Finally, the prospects and limits of a human rights-based approach to housing are discussed.
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« Selecting the Right Camcorder ». Dans Creating PC Video, 19–34. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080490830-6.
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Newbigging, Karen. « Blowin’ in the wind : The involvement of people who use services, carers and the public in health and social care ». Dans Dismantling the NHS ? Policy Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447330226.003.0015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Patient and public involvement (PPI) is often framed in terms of addressing the democratic deficit in the NHS but in England, since 2000, it has become increasingly aligned with the reform of the NHS to become patient centred by enabling people to exercise choice as a right and responsibility across all aspects of healthcare. Since then, there has been a rapid diversification of approaches to and methods for PPI, which experienced organisational turbulence under the Labour administration. This chapter discusses the evolution of PPI in England before 2010, and it examines the Coalition’s reforms of PPI, and the implications of these reforms.
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« Paradox of Service Delivery ». Dans Risk Management Strategies in Public-Private Partnerships, 1–37. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2503-5.ch001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter reviews the literature on the paradox of services as a cause for the necessity of PPP. First, the chapter discusses why governments pursue PPPs form the perspectives of both the private and public and how this has brought about the urge for PPPs throughout the world. Second, the chapter reviews the principles of PPP from a current development and management perspectives. Three core elements are crucial for PPP to thrive, and these are finance, skills of the private sector and risk sharing are reviewed. This chapter analyses papers, case-studies and reports concerning the challenge of service delivery provision in the current and concludes that, from a practical perspectives, it is proper that governments ought to rethink their mode of service delivery provision, and that PPP seems to be the right answer in the scenario.
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Obicci, Peter Adoko. « Paradox of Service Delivery ». Dans Open Government, 2415–52. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9860-2.ch110.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter reviews the literature on the paradox of services as a cause for the necessity of PPP. First, the chapter discusses why governments pursue PPPs form the perspectives of both the private and public and how this has brought about the urge for PPPs throughout the world. Second, the chapter reviews the principles of PPP from a current development and management perspectives. Three core elements are crucial for PPP to thrive, and these are finance, skills of the private sector and risk sharing are reviewed. This chapter analyses papers, case-studies and reports concerning the challenge of service delivery provision in the current and concludes that, from a practical perspectives, it is proper that governments ought to rethink their mode of service delivery provision, and that PPP seems to be the right answer in the scenario.
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Kidd, Kenneth B. « Philosophy for Children ». Dans Theory for Beginners, 25–57. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823289592.003.0002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Emphasizing the contributions of Matthew Lipman and Gareth Matthews, Chapter 1 examines the P4C movement, which promotes the idea that both children and children’s literature have philosophical tendencies. For P4C, to think philosophically means to think both critically and creatively. This vision of philosophy aligns with a similar understanding of theory. P4C got its start in the United States and has since spread to other countries and continents. At one point there were reportedly 5,000 P4C programs in the United States alone. P4C is enjoying a recent resurgence and continues to be influential worldwide. Chapter 1 examines the evolving use of children’s literature in P4C, as a way of understanding the mutualities of children’s literature and philosophy. P4C has helped to establish children’s literature as philosophical and ethical engagement, linking it with progressive education and children’s rights. It promises also to keep philosophy fresh for practitioners and the larger public. Contemporary PwC (philosophy with children) gives priority to the use of picturebooks.
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Jacobs, Daniel L., et Brigid C. Flynn. « Pulmonary Artery Catheterization in Cardiac Surgery ». Dans Cardiothoracic Critical Care, 13–24. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190082482.003.0002.
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This chapter examines pulmonary artery catheters (PACs). PACs provide various pressure measurements and associated waveforms, including central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. They also offer the opportunity to calculate an intermittent cardiac output measurement via the thermodilution technique. However, PAC placement should be checked to ensure that the catheter is not misplaced into the right ventricle, which would lead to endocardial irritation and result in ventricular ectopy. The chapter then looks at risk factors and potential therapies for ventricular ectopy in the intensive care unit. It also considers the debate on the benefit or harm of utilizing PACs in the treatment of critically ill patients. Ultimately, understanding the risks associated with PAC use and obtaining the skill set necessary to safely interpret the data provided by these devices are the crux of optimal PAC utilization.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Right PPC"
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Peloso, Marco. « Inflation and leptogenesis from right handed sneutrinos in supergravity ». Dans CETUP* 2015 – WORKSHOP ON DARK MATTER, NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS AND PPC 2015 – IXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4953314.
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Diana, Lorenzo, Patrick Pilastro, Edoardo N. Aiello, Aleksandra K. Eberhard-Moscicka, René M. Müri et Nadia Bolognini. « Saccades, attentional orienting and disengagement : the effects of anodal tDCS over right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and frontal eye field (FEF) ». Dans ETRA '21 : 2021 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448018.3457995.
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Martin, DW, J. Mazer, EO Harrington et G. Choudhary. « PKC Isoforms in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy. » Dans American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a4145.
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Kim, Tae Wan, et Bryan R. Routledge. « Informational Privacy, A Right to Explanation, and Interpretable AI ». Dans 2018 IEEE Symposium on Privacy-Aware Computing (PAC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pac.2018.00013.
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Simkiss, Lauri, et Frances Hakkak. « 154 Electronic handover document : are we communicating the right information in the right way ? » Dans Accepted Oral and Poster Abstract Submissions, The Palliative Care Congress 1 Specialty : 3 Settings – home, hospice, hospital 19–20 March 2020 | Telford International Centre. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/spcare-2020-pcc.174.
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Troncales, Frederick D., Douglas Martin, Alexander Vang, Elizabeth O. Harrington, James R. Klinger et Gaurav Choudhary. « Inhibition Of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy : Role Of Bosentan And PKC Signaling ». Dans American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a4886.
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Doherty, Catherine, et Sinead Hutcheson. « 38 ‘The right information to the right people at the right time’- design and delivery of a palliative medicine education programme during COVID-19 ». Dans Accepted Oral and Poster Abstract Submissions, The Palliative Care Congress 1 Specialty : 3 Settings – home, hospice, hospital 25 – 26 March 2021 | A virtual event, hosted by Make it Edinburgh Live, the Edinburgh International Conference Centre’s hybrid event platform. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/spcare-2021-pcc.56.
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Eissa, Amr, Ahmed Mamdouh, Mohamed Abdelrazik, Ashraf Abdel Maksoud, Abdallah Ouda, Ahmed Hamdy, Mohamed Farouk, Lotfi Ibrahim, Ayman Salama et Ragab Saber. « Successful Implementation of Nanoparticle Deformable Sealing Polymer to Eliminate Differential Sticking of Zeit Sand- A Case Study from Gulf of Suez ». Dans ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211501-ms.
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Abstract This paper will describe a successful application of Nano deformable sealing polymer to mitigate a high risk of differential sticking while drilling weak sand of Zeit formation with 17.2 ppg mud weight with overbalance up to 2,500 psi. While trying to combine Zeit and S.G formation with 17.2 ppg mud weight. Two cases in offsets had differential sticking that resulted in well re-spud and isolate Zeit formation by casing string. In the subjected well, it was deeper, so it was impossible to sacrifice casing string to mitigate differential sticking. Application of Nano deformable sealing polymer to decrease the pore pressure transmission by filling the interspaces between bridging material and greatly improve the quality of the filter cake to be thin and impermeable. In addition to drilling fluid enhancement, the condition of the differential sticking was analyzed and improvement in the BHA contact area, BOP stack configuration, and well profile. In this paper engineering principles, laboratory tests of chemicals and actual field results of these improvements will be presented. It was the first time to use Nanoparticles in the Gulf of Suez, extensive laboratory tests and simulation modeling was performed to formulate the right bridging material and Nanoparticles concentration that fit the characteristics of Zeit sand. The bridging material was decreased from a commonly used value in the field of 50 lb/bbl to 20 lb/bbl to decrease the filter cake's thickness while achieving an HTHP value of less than 2 ml/30 min and spurt loss of zero. PPA test was performed daily during the execution phase that reflected the optimum quality of the actual sample filter cake and also matches the laboratory test performed in the planning stage. In case of a well control event, the BOP stack was supported by a back annular to continue reciprocation of the drilling string while repairing the main annular element if failed. BHA contact area was decreased by optimizing the directional plan to keep a low angle across Zeit sand and by minimizing BHA’s un-stabilized length.17-1/2" hole was drilled successfully using 17.2 ppg mud weight without any issue relating to differential sticking even after losses experienced in Zeit sand. Due to the successful application of Nano deformable sealing polymer and engineering approaches, it was the first time in GOS to drill Zeit sand with mud weight of 17.2 ppg successfully saving one section in the well design and achieving the well objective. The work described in this paper will help in drilling high permeable sands with a high value of overbalance while eliminating the risk of differential sticking.
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Chen, Linqing, Junhui Li, Zhengxian Gong, Xiangyu Duan, Boxing Chen, Weihua Luo, Min Zhang et Guodong Zhou. « Improving Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation with Source-side Monolingual Documents ». Dans Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/522.
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Document context-aware machine translation remains challenging due to the lack of large-scale document parallel corpora. To make full use of source-side monolingual documents for context-aware NMT, we propose a Pre-training approach with Global Context (PGC). In particular, we first propose a novel self-supervised pre-training task, which contains two training objectives: (1) reconstructing the original sentence from a corrupted version; (2) generating a gap sentence from its left and right neighbouring sentences. Then we design a universal model for PGC which consists of a global context encoder, a sentence encoder and a decoder, with similar architecture to typical context-aware NMT models. We evaluate the effectiveness and generality of our pre-trained PGC model by adapting it to various downstream context-aware NMT models. Detailed experimentation on four different translation tasks demonstrates that our PGC approach significantly improves the translation performance of context-aware NMT. For example, based on the state-of-the-art SAN model, we achieve an averaged improvement of 1.85 BLEU scores and 1.59 Meteor scores on the four translation tasks.
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Milovanovic, Julie, Mo Hu, Tripp Shealy et John Gero. « Exploration of the Dynamics of Neuro-Cognition During TRIZ ». Dans ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-70412.
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Abstract The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) method and toolkit provides a well-structured approach to support engineering design with pre-defined steps: interpret and define the problem, search for standard engineering parameters, search for inventive principles to adapt, and generate final solutions. The research presented in this paper explores the neuro-cognitive differences of each of these steps. We measured the neuro-cognitive activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of 30 engineering students. Neuro-cognitive activation was recorded while students completed an engineering design task. The results show a varying activation pattern. When interpreting and defining the problem, higher activation is found in the left PFC, generally associated with goal directed planning and making analytical. Neuro-cognitive activation shifts to the right PFC during the search process, a region usually involved in exploring the problem space. During solution generation more activation occurs in the medial PFC, a region generally related to making associations. The findings offer new insights and evidence explaining the dynamic neuro-cognitive activations when using TRIZ in engineering design.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Right PPC"
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Lucas, Brian. Lessons Learned about Political Inclusion of Refugees. Institute of Development Studies, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.114.
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Most refugees and other migrants have limited opportunities to participate in politics to inform and influence the policies that affect them daily; they have limited voting rights and generally lack effective alternative forms of representation such as consultative bodies (Solano & Huddleston, 2020a, p. 33). Political participation is ‘absent (or almost absent) from integration strategies’ in Eastern European countries, while refugees and other migrants in Western Europe do enjoy significant local voting rights, stronger consultative bodies, more funding for immigrant organisations and greater support from mainstream organisations (Solano & Huddleston, 2020a, p. 33).This rapid review seeks to find out what lessons have been learned about political inclusion of refugees, particularly in European countries.In general, there appears to be limited evidence about the effectiveness of attempts to support the political participation of migrants/refugees. ‘The engagement of refugees and asylum-seekers in the political activities of their host countries is highly understudied’ (Jacobi, 2021, p. 3) and ‘the effects that integration policies have on immigrants’ representation remains an under-explored field’ (Petrarca, 2015, p. 9). The evidence that is available often comes from sources that cover the entire population or ethnic minorities without specifically targeting refugees or migrants, are biased towards samples of immigrants who are long-established in the host country and may not be representative of immigrant populations, or focus only on voting behaviour and neglect other forms of political participation (Bilodeau, 2016, pp. 30–31). Statistical data on refugees and integration policy areas and indicators is often weak or absent (Hopkins, 2013, pp. 9, 28–32, 60). Data may not distinguish clearly among refugees and other types of migrants by immigration status, origin country, or length of stay in the host country; may not allow correlating data collected during different time periods with policies in place during those periods and preceding periods; and may fail to collect a range of relevant migrant-specific social and demographic characteristics (Bilgili et al., 2015, pp. 22–23; Hopkins, 2013, p. 28).
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Kozhevnikova, O. A. ELECTRONIC COLLECTION OF TEST TASKS FOR THE COURSE "FUNDAMENTALS OF PEDIATRICS AND HYGIENE" : A BANK OF QUESTIONS. SIB-Expertise, janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0530.21012022.
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The test tasks are compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard in the direction of "Psychological and pedagogical education" and are designed to control the formation of the following universal general professional and professional competencies: OPK-1 (Able to carry out professional activities in accordance with regulatory legal acts in the field of education and professional ethics) and PC-6 (Capable of ensuring the protection of the life and health of students). Indicators of competence achievement are knowledge of the priority directions of the development of the education system of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts regulating activities in the field of education in the Russian Federation, legislative documents on the rights of the child, the Convention on the Rights of the Child; knowledge of methods and methods of ensuring the safety of students in dangerous situations; ability to apply basic regulatory legal acts in the field of education and professional ethics; the ability to analyze and assess the degree of danger in various situations, the ability to provide conditions for a safe and comfortable educational environment that contributes to the preservation of life and health of students.
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Hendricks, Kasey. Data for Alabama Taxation and Changing Discourse from Reconstruction to Redemption. University of Tennessee, Knoxville Libraries, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/wdyvftwo4u.
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At their most basic level taxes carry, in the words of Schumpeter ([1918] 1991), “the thunder of history” (p. 101). They say something about the ever-changing structures of social, economic, and political life. Taxes offer a blueprint, in both symbolic and concrete terms, for uncovering the most fundamental arrangements in society – stratification included. The historical retellings captured within these data highlight the politics of taxation in Alabama from 1856 to 1901, including conflicts over whom money is expended upon as well as struggles over who carries their fair share of the tax burden. The selected timeline overlaps with the formation of five of six constitutions adopted in the State of Alabama, including 1861, 1865, 1868, 1875, and 1901. Having these years as the focal point makes for an especially meaningful case study, given how much these constitutional formations made the state a site for much political debate. These data contain 5,121 pages of periodicals from newspapers throughout the state, including: Alabama Sentinel, Alabama State Intelligencer, Alabama State Journal, Athens Herald, Daily Alabama Journal, Daily Confederation, Elyton Herald, Mobile Daily Tribune, Mobile Tribune, Mobile Weekly Tribune, Morning Herald, Nationalist, New Era, Observer, Tuscaloosa Observer, Tuskegee News, Universalist Herald, and Wilcox News and Pacificator. The contemporary relevance of these historical debates manifests in Alabama’s current constitution which was adopted in 1901. This constitution departs from well-established conventions of treating the document as a legal framework that specifies a general role of governance but is firm enough to protect the civil rights and liberties of the population. Instead, it stands more as a legislative document, or procedural straightjacket, that preempts through statutory material what regulatory action is possible by the state. These barriers included a refusal to establish a state board of education and enact a tax structure for local education in addition to debt and tax limitations that constrained government capacity more broadly. Prohibitive features like these are among the reasons that, by 2020, the 1901 Constitution has been amended nearly 1,000 times since its adoption. However, similar procedural barriers have been duplicated across the U.S. since (e.g., California’s Proposition 13 of 1978). Reference: Schumpeter, Joseph. [1918] 1991. “The Crisis of the Tax State.” Pp. 99-140 in The Economics and Sociology of Capitalism, edited by Richard Swedberg. Princeton University Press.