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Zaitseva, O. A., O. A. Gnusareva, O. V. Vasil’eva, A. S. Volynkina, Yu V. Siritsa, Yu A. Alekhina, T. I. Chishenyuk et al. « Results of Epizootiological Monitoring of Natural Foci for Bacterial Vector-Borne Infections in Caucasian Mineral Waters Region of the Stavropol Territory in 2018–2020 ». Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no 1 (19 avril 2022) : 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2022-1-101-105.
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The aim of the study was to assess the epizootiological situation on bacterial vector-borne infections in Caucasian Mineral Waters area of the Stavropol Territory over the period of 2018–2020.Materials and methods. 3494 specimens of ticks (473 pools), 257 specimens of small mammals, 9 regurgitates of birds of prey and mammals, 7 excreta samples of small mammals, and 2 water samples were tested. Laboratory research of the field material was carried out using molecular-genetic, serological, biological methods. Statistical analysis of laboratory results was conducted using Microsoft Excel 2010. The data were mapped using QGIS 2.18 software.Results and discussion. The study revealed that the 44.8 % of collected ticks were positive for tick-borne borreliosis, 21.5 % – for tick-borne rickettsiosis, 10.3% – for human granulocytic anaplasmosis, 2.7 % – for Q fever, 0.84 % – for tularemia. There has been an increase in the percentage of positives for tick-borne borreliosis agent samples (more than three times) and a decrease in this indicator for human granulocytic anaplasmosis (1.5 times) as compared with 2010–2012. Investigation of tick infection with the agents of Q fever and tick-borne rickettsioses has not been previously conducted in the region. During the period under review, 19 pools of ticks had mixed infection, which indicates that there are combined foci of bacterial natural-focal infections with vector-borne transmission in the recreation zone of the Stavropol Territory. This necessitates preventive measures and systematical epizootiological surveys in the Caucasian Mineral Waters region.
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Moudgil, Aman D., Ankur Sharma, Adarsh Kumar, Amit Singla et Surender Bansal. « Amblyomma gervaisi (Ixodida : Ixodidae : Amblyomma) infestation in a Rat Snake from northwestern Himalayan region : a case study ». Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no 15 (26 novembre 2020) : 17165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4449.12.15.17165-17167.
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Along with a number of hosts, ticks are also capable of infesting snakes and transmitting rickettsiosis, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis. In the present study, ticks recovered from a Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa were collected and identified as Amblyomma gervaisi (previously known as Aponomma gervaisi). The case reports pertaining to observation of ticks (especially A. gervaisi) on reptile (snake) hosts are restricted to southern, eastern and western parts of India and the present study claims to be the first documented report of Amblyomma gervaisi ticks from Rat Snakes of northwestern Himalayan region.
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Binder, Alison, Amy E. Peterson et Paige Armstrong. « 663. Characteristics, Treatment Patterns, and Outcomes of Outpatients With Rickettsial Diseases in a Large, Commercially Insured Population : United States, 2005–2016 ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (novembre 2018) : S239—S240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.670.
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Abstract Background Rickettsial diseases (RD) include Spotted Fever Group (SFG) Rickettsiosis, Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, Typhus Group (TG) and Rickettsialpox, among others. Doxycycline is the treatment of choice in all age groups; early treatment based on clinical diagnosis is important to prevent severe and fatal outcomes. SFG, Ehrlichiosis, and Anaplasmosis are nationally notifiable in the United States, but data on treatment patterns are not collected. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis using Truven Health MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Encounters databases. We included any individual with an outpatient claim using an ICD-9/10-CM code for RD, who had one-year continuous pre- and 3 months post-diagnosis enrollment and pharmaceutical claim data. The first outpatient record with RD was considered the incident diagnosis, and those with an RD hospitalization in the prior 1 year were excluded. Epidemiologic characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes were summarized. Results 13,353 individuals were included; median age was 45 years (IQR: 28–55 years), 2,045 (15%) were under 18 years of age, and 51% were male. The most common diagnosis was SFG (7,133; 50%), followed by Ehrlichiosis (3,920; 30%), and Typhus (1,281; 10%); 36 individuals had >1 diagnosis. Over half (7,075; 53%) received doxycycline within 30 of the index date; of these, 3,634 (51%) received it within 14 days. The majority (5,369; 86%) were treated for at least 10 days at the recommended dose. The proportion with a pharmaceutical claim for doxycycline varied considerably across diagnoses and ranged from 24% for TG to 60% for SFG Rickettsiosis. Among the 6,278 (47%) without a claim for doxycycline, 2,185 (35%) were prescribed another antibiotic; 4,093 (28%) were not prescribed any antibiotic. Hospitalization within 30 days of the incident diagnosis was infrequent (149, 1.1%), and the majority were due to either SFR (40%) or ehrlichiosis (37%). No in-hospital deaths were recorded. Conclusion RD continues to be an important cause of disease in the outpatient population, but providers are still only prescribing the recommended treatment to about half of those in whom they suspect the disease. Continued education and increased awareness is critical to prevent severe outcomes from RD. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Andaev, E. I., M. V. Chesnokova, T. I. Borisova, E. A. Vershinin, S. A. Tatarnikov, N. V. Breneva, A. V. Mazepa et al. « Assessment of Epizootiological-Epidemiological Situation on Natural Focal Infections in Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalin Territory of the Sakhalin Region ». Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no 3 (20 septembre 2014) : 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2014-3-11-15.
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Objective of the work was to carry out complex assessment of the current state of epizootic activity and epidemiological significance of the infectious disease natural foci in the Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalin territory of the Sakhalin Region. Trapped were 56 samples of small mammals in July, 2010; collected were 180 specimens of taiga tick imago, caught were 1000 specimens of mosquitoes. 223 samples of blood sera were taken from residents of the region. All the field data were tested to detect specific antibodies, antigens and genetic material of agents. Based on the results of epizootiological investigations, serological and molecular-genetic assays, demonstrated was the occurence of natural foci of leptospirosis, tularemia, tick-borne encephalitis, borreliosis, rickettsiosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, West Nile fever, Inco fever, Batai and Geto fevers, as well as HFRS with varying degree of activity manifestation in the territory of the region. Isolated was tick-borne encephalitis virus from mosquitoes.
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Rochlin, Ilia, et Alvaro Toledo. « Emerging tick-borne pathogens of public health importance : a mini-review ». Journal of Medical Microbiology 69, no 6 (1 juin 2020) : 781–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001206.
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Ticks are the most important vectors of human pathogens, leading to increased public health burdens worldwide. Tick-borne pathogens include viruses (e.g. tick-borne encephalitis and Powassan); bacteria, such as the causative agents of Lyme disease, spotted fever rickettsiosis and human anaplasmosis; and malaria-like protozoan parasites causing babesiosis. Tick-borne diseases are emerging due to the geographical expansion of their tick vectors, especially in the northern hemisphere. Two examples of this phenomenon are Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum, which have expanded their ranges in the USA in recent decades and are responsible for the continuous emergence of Lyme disease and human ehrlichiosis, respectively. This phenomenon is also occurring worldwide and is reflected by the increasing number of tick-borne encephalitis and haemorrhagic fever cases in Europe and Asia. In this review, we provide a concise synopsis of the most medically important tick-borne pathogen worldwide, with a particular emphasis on emerging public health threats.
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Maioli, Giulia, Dario Pistone, Paolo Bonilauri, Massimo Pajoro, Ilaria Barbieri, Mulatto Patrizia, Nadia Vicari et Michele Dottori. « Ethiological agents of rickettsiosis and anaplasmosis in ticks collected in Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) during 2008 and 2009 ». Experimental and Applied Acarology 57, no 2 (9 mars 2012) : 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-012-9535-z.
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Fournier, P. E. « European Society for Coxiellosis, Chlamydioses, Anaplasmoses and Rickettsioses – American Society for Rickettsiology joint meeting 2017 ». New Microbes and New Infections 23 (mai 2018) : 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2018.02.001.
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Wiesinger, Anna, Jasmin Wenderlein, Sebastian Ulrich, Stephanie Hiereth, Lidia Chitimia-Dobler et Reinhard K. Straubinger. « Revealing the Tick Microbiome : Insights into Midgut and Salivary Gland Microbiota of Female Ixodes ricinus Ticks ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no 2 (6 janvier 2023) : 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021100.
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The ectoparasite Ixodes ricinus is an important vector for many tick-borne diseases (TBD) in the northern hemisphere, such as Lyme borreliosis, rickettsiosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, or tick-borne encephalitis virus. As climate change will lead to rising temperatures in the next years, we expect an increase in tick activity, tick population, and thus in the spread of TBD. Consequently, it has never been more critical to understand relationships within the microbial communities in ticks that might contribute to the tick’s fitness and the occurrence of TBD. Therefore, we analyzed the microbiota in different tick tissues such as midgut, salivary glands, and residual tick material, as well as the microbiota in complete Ixodes ricinus ticks using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. By using a newly developed DNA extraction protocol for tick tissue samples and a self-designed mock community, we were able to detect endosymbionts and pathogens that have been described in the literature previously. Further, this study displayed the usefulness of including a mock community during bioinformatic analysis to identify essential bacteria within the tick.
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Chacón, Samuel Candanedo. « Vector Borne Diseases Related with Companion Animals in Panama : A Review ». European Journal of Veterinary Medicine 3, no 1 (15 février 2023) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejvetmed.2023.3.1.76.
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Zoonoses are, in a broad sense, diseases transmitted to humans through direct or indirect contact with animals (vertebrates or invertebrates), their environment or by-products. There are different concepts, definitions and classifications of zoonoses according to different criteria. There are different concepts, definitions, and classifications of zoonoses following several criteria. Vectors are transmission vehicles that carry etiological agents between different animal species, including man, or between the environment and these species. The Republic of Panama is an interoceanic isthmus that meets all the basic conditions for the development of vector-borne diseases. This review provides a chronological analysis of the vectorial zoonoses related to companion animals or those that have a close relationship with humans. The history of studies on Trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis, Babesiosis, Hepatozoonosis, Rickettsiosis, Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, Bartonellosis, Borreliosis, Equine Encephalitis, Dirofilariasis and Dipylidiasis in Panama shows that environmental, socioeconomic, cultural, evolutive, investigative and educational factors have a direct influence on the success or failure in the control and prevention of these vectorial zoonoses. For this reason, major efforts are needed in relation to research and work that provide real data to support control programs for these diseases.
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Maioli, Giulia, Dario Pistone, Paolo Bonilauri, Massimo Pajoro, Ilaria Barbieri, Patrizia Mulatto, Nadia Vicari et Michele Dottori. « Erratum to : Etiological agents of rickettsiosis and anaplasmosis in ticks collected in Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) during 2008 and 2009 ». Experimental and Applied Acarology 57, no 2 (26 avril 2012) : 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-012-9559-4.
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RUDAKOV, N., S. SHPYNOV, P. E. FOURNIER et D. RAOULT. « Ecology and Molecular Epidemiology of Tick-Borne Rickettsioses and Anaplasmoses with Natural Foci in Russia and Kazakhstan ». Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1078, no 1 (1 octobre 2006) : 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1374.009.
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Liu, Hong-Bo, Ran Wei, Xue-Bing Ni, Yuan-Chun Zheng, Qiu-Bo Huo, Bao-Gui Jiang, Lan Ma et al. « The prevalence and clinical characteristics of tick-borne diseases at One Sentinel Hospital in Northeastern China ». Parasitology 146, no 2 (1 août 2018) : 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018001178.
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AbstractNortheastern China is a region of high tick abundance, multiple tick-borne pathogens and likely human infections. The spectrum of diseases caused by tick-borne pathogens has not been objectively evaluated in this region for clinical management and for comparison with other regions globally where tick-transmitted diseases are common. Based on clinical symptoms, PCR, indirect immunofluorescent assay and (or) blood smear, we identified and described tick-borne diseases from patients with recent tick bite seen at Mudanjiang Forestry Central Hospital. From May 2010 to September 2011, 42% (75/180) of patients were diagnosed with a specific tick-borne disease, including Lyme borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human babesiosis and spotted fever group rickettsiosis. When we compared clinical and laboratory features to identify factors that might discriminate tick-transmitted infections from those lacking that evidence, we revealed that erythema migrans and neurological manifestations were statistically significantly differently presented between those with and without documented aetiologies (P< 0.001,P= 0.003). Twelve patients (6.7%, 12/180) were co-infected with two tick-borne pathogens. We demonstrated the poor ability of clinicians to identify the specific tick-borne disease. In addition, it is necessary to develop specific laboratory assays for optimal diagnosis of tick-borne diseases.
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Tupota, N. L., V. A. Ternovoy, M. Yu Kartashov, E. P. Ponomareva et V. B. Loktev. « Detection of Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodidae Ticks Collected in the South of Western Siberia ». Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no 3 (23 octobre 2021) : 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2021-3-129-133.
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Objective of the study was to assess the level of infection with Borrelia miyamotoi in ticks Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes pavlovskyi collected in the south of Western Siberia.Materials and methods. 688 ticks I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi collected on the territory of Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo Regions were examined. Borrelia DNA was detected by a two-round polymerase chain reaction with specifc primers to the omp66 gene region, followed by sequencing of the isolated fragments and phylogenetic analysis, including the sequences of prototype isolates published in the international GenBank database. Comparison and analysis of nucleotide sequences was carried out using the MEGA 7 software package. In parallel, the samples were examined for the presence of the agents of transmissible infections – West Nile fever and tick-borne encephalitis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, bartonellosis and candidate pathogens of tick-borne rickettsiosis through RT-PCR and PCR with species-specifc and genus-specifc primers.Results and discussion. The genetic material of B. miyamotoi was found in 2.2 % of I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi ticks in the Tomsk, Novosibirsk, and Kemerovo Regions and their appurtenance to the Asian genotype was determined. It was revealed that the degree of similarity of the omp66 gene fragments within the group of isolates of the Asian genotype was 100 %. No relation between B. miyamotoi and a specifc vector species was identifed.
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Mendell, Nicole L., Erin S. Reynolds, Lucas S. Blanton, Meghan E. Hermance, Andres F. Londoño, Charles E. Hart, Bethany R. Quade et al. « Detection of Rickettsiae, Borreliae, and Ehrlichiae in Ticks Collected from Walker County, Texas, 2017–2018 ». Insects 10, no 10 (25 septembre 2019) : 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10100315.
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Cases of tick-borne diseases, including spotted fever rickettsioses, borreliosis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis, in the United States and territories have more than doubled from 2004 to 2016 and account for 77% of all vector-borne disease reports. In an effort to inform control efforts, the presence of tick-borne pathogens and their vectors was assessed in a recreational park in Walker County, Texas. Here we report data from questing ticks collected on three dates from June 2017 to June 2018. The majority of ticks collected were Amblyomma americanum (96.69%) followed by three additional tick species: Dermacentor variabilis (2.59%), Ixodes scapularis (0.52%), and A. maculatum (0.21%). Ticks were pooled and tested for molecular evidence of bacterial and viral pathogens, respectively. All of the 68 pools of A. americanum had molecular evidence of the spotted fever group rickettsia, Rickettsia amblyommatis. Additionally, six (8.82%) of the A. americanum pools contained sequences matching Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the pathogen responsible for human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, and 11 (16.18%) for E. ewingii. Three of the A. americanum pools demonstrated evidence of Borrelia lonestari. The presence of etiologic agents of known human disease in this study merits the continued surveillance efforts of ticks and their pathogens in areas where they could pose risks to public health.
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Matos, Ana Luísa, Pedro Curto et Isaura Simões. « Moonlighting in Rickettsiales : Expanding Virulence Landscape ». Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no 2 (19 février 2022) : 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7020032.
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The order Rickettsiales includes species that cause a range of human diseases such as human granulocytic anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), human monocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia chaffeensis), scrub typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi), epidemic typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii), murine typhus (R. typhi), Mediterranean spotted fever (R. conorii), or Rocky Mountain spotted fever (R. rickettsii). These diseases are gaining a new momentum given their resurgence patterns and geographical expansion due to the overall rise in temperature and other human-induced pressure, thereby remaining a major public health concern. As obligate intracellular bacteria, Rickettsiales are characterized by their small genome sizes due to reductive evolution. Many pathogens employ moonlighting/multitasking proteins as virulence factors to interfere with multiple cellular processes, in different compartments, at different times during infection, augmenting their virulence. The utilization of this multitasking phenomenon by Rickettsiales as a strategy to maximize the use of their reduced protein repertoire is an emerging theme. Here, we provide an overview of the role of various moonlighting proteins in the pathogenicity of these species. Despite the challenges that lie ahead to determine the multiple potential faces of every single protein in Rickettsiales, the available examples anticipate this multifunctionality as an essential and intrinsic feature of these obligates and should be integrated into available moonlighting repositories.
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Biggs, Holly M., Casey Barton Behravesh, Kristy K. Bradley, F. Scott Dahlgren, Naomi A. Drexler, J. Stephen Dumler, Scott M. Folk et al. « Diagnosis and Management of Tickborne Rickettsial Diseases : Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Other Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses, Ehrlichioses, and Anaplasmosis — United States ». MMWR. Recommendations and Reports 65, no 2 (13 mai 2016) : 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6502a1.
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Schmid, Sabine, Eldar Aliyev, Olivier Engler et Margot Mütsch. « Unterwegs in der Schweiz – von Menschen, Mäusen und Zecken ». Therapeutische Umschau 70, no 6 (1 juin 2013) : 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a000416.
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In der Schweiz sind durch Zecken übertragbare Infektionen endemisch. Am häufigsten wird die Borreliose diagnostiziert, gefolgt von der durch Impfung verhütbaren Frühsommer-Meningoenzephalitis (FSME) und seltener Anaplasmose, Rickettsiosen und anderen Erkrankungen, wie der Babesiose. Zur Prävention werden beim Wandern in Endemiegebieten und abseits der Wege, den Haltern von Hunden oder Katzen und für Waldarbeiter, Orientierungsläufer, Förster, Bauern, Rekruten und Kinder (mit Insektiziden imprägnierte) helle, geschlossene Kleidung und Schuhe empfohlen. Nach einem Waldaufenthalt sollen Körper und Kleidung auf Zecken untersucht und diese sofort entfernt werden. Bei Auftreten von Fieber und/oder eines Erythema migrans soll ein Arzt aufgesucht werden. Durch Mäuse übertragene Hantavirus-Infektionen: Von den europäischen Hantaviren ist bei uns die Seroprävalenz für Puumala-Viren am höchsten. Puumala-Viren werden durch infizierte, asymptomatische Rötelmäuse ausgeschieden und weiterverbreitet. Sie können die Nephropathia epidemica auslösen, welche mit hohem Fieber, Kopfschmerzen, Abdominal-, Flanken- oder Rückenschmerzen und einem akuten, reversiblen Nierenversagen mit initial Oligurie einhergeht. In Deutschland traten in den vergangenen Jahren in 2 – 3-Jahreszyklen regionale Epidemien auf mit einer geschätzten, durchschnittlichen Inzidenz für 2012 von 2.7 Fällen/100'000 Einwohnern. Einzelne Epidemieregionen verschieben sich weiter südlich, Richtung Schweiz. Campieren und das Reinigen von Wald-, Garten- oder Lagerhütten gelten in Endemiegebieten als Risikoaktivitäten, da Exkremente von Nagerinfestationen aufgewirbelt und eingeatmet werden können. Ärzte sollten bei der entsprechenden Kombination von Symptomen und Risikosituation an Puumalavirus-Infektionen denken.
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Milholland, Matthew T., Lars Eisen, Robyn M. Nadolny, Andrias Hojgaard, Erika T. Machtinger, Jennifer M. Mullinax et Andrew Y. Li. « Surveillance of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Suburban Natural Habitats of Central Maryland ». Journal of Medical Entomology 58, no 3 (28 janvier 2021) : 1352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa291.
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Abstract Lyme and other tick-borne diseases are increasing in the eastern United States and there is a lack of research on integrated strategies to control tick vectors. Here we present results of a study on tick-borne pathogens detected from tick vectors and rodent reservoirs from an ongoing 5-yr tick suppression study in the Lyme disease-endemic state of Maryland, where human-biting tick species, including Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) (the primary vector of Lyme disease spirochetes), are abundant. During the 2017 tick season, we collected 207 questing ticks and 602 ticks recovered from 327 mice (Peromyscus spp. (Rodentia: Cricetidae)), together with blood and ear tissue from the mice, at seven suburban parks in Howard County. Ticks were selectively tested for the presence of the causative agents of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato [s.l.]), anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), babesiosis (Babesia microti), ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia ewingii, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and ‘Panola Mountain’ Ehrlichia) and spotted fever group rickettsiosis (Rickettsia spp.). Peromyscus ear tissue and blood samples were tested for Bo. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s), A. phagocytophilum, Ba. microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi. We found 13.6% (15/110) of questing I. scapularis nymphs to be Bo. burgdorferi s.l. positive and 1.8% (2/110) were A. phagocytophilum positive among all sites. Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. was found in 71.1% (54/76) of I. scapularis nymphs removed from mice and 58.8% (194/330) of captured mice. Results from study on tick abundance and pathogen infection status in questing ticks, rodent reservoirs, and ticks feeding on Peromyscus spp. will aid efficacy evaluation of the integrated tick management measures being implemented.
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Rodino, Kyle G., Elitza S. Theel et Bobbi S. Pritt. « Tick-Borne Diseases in the United States ». Clinical Chemistry 66, no 4 (20 février 2020) : 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvaa040.
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Abstract Background Tick-borne diseases are an important cause of human morbidity and mortality in the United States. The past several decades have witnessed an increase in both the number of recognized tick-borne pathogens and the number of tick-borne disease cases, whereas tick surveys have revealed substantial geographic expansions of tick populations throughout the country. Multiple laboratory testing options exist for diagnosis of tick-borne diseases, including serology, microscopy, and molecular-based methods. The preferred approach varies by the specific disease, locally available test options, and the stage of illness at patient presentation. Accurate and timely detection of tick-borne illness is of utmost importance, as prompt treatment is strongly linked to better outcomes. Content This review covers the clinical manifestations and preferred diagnostic approaches for important bacterial, viral, and parasitic tick-borne diseases in the United States, including Lyme disease, tick-borne relapsing fever, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, spotted fever rickettsioses, and babesiosis. Infection with emerging pathogens such as Borrelia miyamotoi, Powassan virus, Heartland virus, Colorado tick fever virus, and Bourbon virus are also covered. Summary Our understanding of tick-borne diseases in the United States continues to improve with the detection of novel pathogens and development of new diagnostic modalities. While conventional diagnostic methods, including serology and microscopy, will play an ongoing role in the diagnosis of tick-borne diseases, implementation of advanced molecular diagnostics will further broaden our understanding of these diseases by facilitating detection of emerging pathogens and providing more accurate and timely diagnosis.
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Lu, Miao, Chao Meng, Xiang Gao, Yue Sun, Jun Zhang, Guangpeng Tang, Yilin Li et al. « Diversity of Rickettsiales in Rhipicephalus microplus Ticks Collected in Domestic Ruminants in Guizhou Province, China ». Pathogens 11, no 10 (27 septembre 2022) : 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101108.
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Rhipicephalus microplus ticks are vectors for multiple pathogens infecting animals and humans. Although the medical importance of R. microplus has been well-recognized and studied in most areas of China, the occurrence of tick-borne Rickettsiales has seldom been investigated in Guizhou Province, Southwest China. In this study, we collected 276 R. microplus ticks from cattle (209 ticks) and goats (67 ticks) in three locations of Guizhou Province. The Rickettsia, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia were detected by targeting the 16S rRNA gene and were further characterized by amplifying the key genes. One Rickettsia (Ca. Rickettsia jingxinensis), three Ehrlichia (E. canis, E. minasensis, Ehrlichia sp.), and four Anaplasma (A. capra, A. ovis, A. marginale, Ca. Anaplasma boleense) species were detected, and their gltA and groEL genes were recovered. Candidatus Rickettsia jingxinensis, a spotted fever group of Rickettsia, was detected in a high proportion of the tested ticks (88.89%, 100%, and 100% in ticks from the three locations, respectively), suggesting the possibility that animals may be exposed to this type of Rickettsia. All the 16S, gltA, groEL, and ompA sequences of these strains are 100% identical to strains reported in Ngawa, Sichuan Province. E. minasensis, A. marginale, and Candidatus Anaplasma boleense are known to infect livestock such as cattle. The potential effects on local husbandry should be considered. Notably, E. canis, A. ovis, and A. capra have been reported to infect humans. The relatively high positive rates in Qianxinan (20.99%, 9.88%, and 4.94%, respectively) may indicate the potential risk to local populations. Furthermore, the genetic analysis indicated that the E. minasensis strains in this study may represent a variant or recombinant. Our results indicated the extensive diversity of Rickettsiales in R. microplus ticks from Guizhou Province. The possible occurrence of rickettsiosis, ehrlichiosis, and anaplasmosis in humans and domestic animals in this area should be further considered and investigated.
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Gurfield, Nikos, Saran Grewal, Lynnie S. Cua, Pedro J. Torres et Scott T. Kelley. « Endosymbiont interference and microbial diversity of the Pacific coast tick,Dermacentor occidentalis, in San Diego County, California ». PeerJ 5 (13 avril 2017) : e3202. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3202.
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The Pacific coast tick,Dermacentor occidentalisMarx, is found throughout California and can harbor agents that cause human diseases such as anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, tularemia, Rocky Mountain spotted fever and rickettsiosis 364D. Previous studies have demonstrated that nonpathogenic endosymbiotic bacteria can interfere withRickettsiaco-infections in other tick species. We hypothesized that withinD. occidentalisticks, interference may exist between different nonpathogenic endosymbiotic or nonendosymbiotic bacteria and Spotted Fever group Rickettsia (SFGR). Using PCR amplification and sequencing of therompA gene and intergenic region we identified a cohort of SFGR-infected and non-infectedD. occidentalisticks collected from San Diego County. We then amplified a partial segment of the 16S rRNA gene and used next-generation sequencing to elucidate the microbiomes and levels of co-infection in the ticks. The SFGRR. philipiistr. 364D andR. rhipicephaliwere detected in 2.3% and 8.2% of the ticks, respectively, viarompA sequencing. Interestingly, next generation sequencing revealed an inverse relationship between the number ofFrancisella-like endosymbiont (FLE) 16S rRNA sequences andRickettsia16S rRNA sequences within individual ticks that is consistent with partial interference between FLE and SFGR infecting ticks. After excluding theRickettsiaand FLE endosymbionts from the analysis, there was a small but significant difference in microbial community diversity and a pattern of geographic isolation by distance between collection locales. In addition, male ticks had a greater diversity of bacteria than female ticks and ticks that weren’t infected with SFGR had similar microbiomes to canine skin microbiomes. Although experimental studies are required for confirmation, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that FLEs and, to a lesser extent, other bacteria, interfere with the ability ofD. occidentalisto be infected with certain SFGR. The results also raise interesting possibilities about the effects of putative vertebrate hosts on the tick microbiome.
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Levytska, V. A., et A. B. Mushynskyi. « DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF TICK-BORNE DISEASES OF PETS ». Podilian Bulletin : Agriculture, Engineering, Economics, no 32 (29 juin 2020) : 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2020-1-20.
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In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of tick-borne diseases around the world, especially borreliosis, rickettsiosis (anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis), tick-borne encephalitis and others. Climate and environmental changes, migration (movement) of domestic animals lead to changes in the epizootiological situation regarding communicable diseases. The analysis of epizootological, clinical, laboratory data is carried out. The data of scientific researches concerning tick-borne diseases, namely borreliosis, ehrlichiosis, tick-borne encephalitis, louping-ill infection are generalized. In recent years, infectious and invasive animal diseases caused by viruses, bacteria and protozoa transmitted by ticks have become a new challenge in health and veterinary practice. Many such diseases are zoonoses and lead to disability and mortality in humans and animals. Ixodid ticks often attack animals and humans and are widespread throughout Europe, as well as being involved in the transmission of a large number of tick-borne diseases. Currently, one of the biggest threats is the pathogens of the complex Borrelia burgdorferi s. l., which belong to the spirochetes and affect various species of mammals and birds and are transmitted by ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes hexagonus and Ixodes persulcatus). The disease is of great epidemiological importance for human health. Diagnosis and treatment are insufficiently developed. Ehrlichia spp. are gramnegative, obligate intracellular bacteria from the family Anaplasmataceae. In Europe, Ehrlichia canis is the etiological agent of monocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs. The main host of E. canis is a dog (other dogs can serve as reservoir hosts); vector - Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Tick-borne encephalitis, as well as louping-ill infection, are diseases transmitted by Ixodid ticks and pose a danger to dogs, cats and other animals, as well as people in Europe. At present, all these diseases acquire important epizootological significance, as diagnosis and treatment are complicated. The main measure of disease prevention among dogs is the effective protection of animals from tick attack. Tick-borne diseases are a type of infectious and invasive diseases of animals and humans, the causative agents of which spread from one susceptible subject to another with the participation of blood-sucking arthropods. The most common and clinically significant diseases are: borreliosis, ehrlichiosis, tick-borne encephalitis and other. Systematic studies of zoonotic diseases have not been conducted in Ukraine. Systematic monitoring of pathogens and effective control of communicable diseases of animals are the basis for improving the epidemiological situation among the population.
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Oteo, José A. « Zoonoses, epidemics and the concept “one health” ». Revista MVZ Córdoba, 25 mai 2017, 5991–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.1068.
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No resulta fácil escribir un editorial y aportar conocimiento útil sobre temas tan variados de las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores (ETV) como son las infecciones de los virus del Zika, dengue, chikungunya, hantavirus, arenavirus; infecciones transmitidas por garrapatas como las anaplasmosis, rickettsiosis y erlichiosis, así como parasitosis como la leishmaniasis y la tripanosomiasis. En la literatura al respecto, hay ríos de tinta escritos, y poner orden en uno o dos folios sería muy osado. No obstante, merece la pena resaltar el carácter emergente y re-emergente en las que también se enmarcan las ETV y cómo los fenómenos asociados a la globalización colaboran en su expansión y resurgimiento.
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Špitalská, Eva, Eva Boldišová, Katarína Palkovičová, Zuzana Sekeyová et Ľudovít Škultéty. « Case studies of rickettsiosis, anaplasmosis and Q fever in Slovak population from 2011 to 2020 ». Biologia, 19 juillet 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11756-021-00838-2.
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Blanton, Lucas S. « Infections due to Rickettsia and Related Organisms ». DeckerMed Medicine, 18 septembre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/im.1138.
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Infections caused by organisms of the genus Rickettsia, Orientia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Coxiella occur throughout the world and are important, yet often overlooked, causes of febrile illness. They are transmitted by ticks, lice, mites, fleas, and, in the case of Coxiella, infected aerosols. Some are considered emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, as exemplified by the emergence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the American Southwest and Mexico; the reemergence of murine typhus in parts of Texas; and the discovery of new pathogens, such as Ehrlichia muris–like agent. Manifestations are usually of an acute undifferentiated febrile illness, with associated headache, malaise, myalgias, and varying frequency of rash. Since confirmation of diagnosis is often retrospective, requiring the dynamic change in antibody titers from acute and convalescent phase sera, clinical recognition for empirical treatment is imperative. Indeed, timely treatment is effective at abating symptoms and preventing complications. This review discusses important aspects of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment of infections caused by Rickettsia and related organisms. This review contains 5 figures, 9 tables, and 50 references. Key words: anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, Q fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, scrub typhus, spotted fever group rickettsioses, typhus group rickettsioses
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Mendes, Ricardo Evandro, Anderson Gris, Luan Cleber Henker, Ricardo Christ, Manoela Marchezan Piva, Claiton Ismael Schwertz, Neuber José Lucca et al. « Estudo retrospectivo dos diagnósticos de tristeza parasitária bovina no Oeste Catarinense ». Boletim de Diagnóstico do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária - IFC - Campus Concórdia 1, no 1 (26 juin 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21166/bdpatvet.v1i1.117.
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A Tristeza Parasitária Bovina (TPB) é um complexo de doenças causado pelas rickettsias Anaplasma marginale e/ou A. centrale, bem como pelos protozoários Babesia bovis e/ou B. bigemina, os quais produzem um quadro de anemia severa. Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar a ocorrência da enfermidade no Oeste Catarinense, diagnosticada pelo Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária do IFC - Campus Concórdia. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo dos diagnósticos em bovinos entre 2013 e 2015. No período estudado a anaplasmose representou 56% (9/17), babesiose cerebral 33% (6/17) e babesiose 11% (2/17). A partir dos dados coletados observou-se um nítido aumento consecutivo do número de casos de TPB nos três anos estudados. Conjectura-se que as alterações climáticas recentes ocasionadas pelos invernos menos rigorosos estejam contribuindo para este incremento. Além disso, os médicos veterinários que atenderam os animais relataram que o curso clínico da enfermidade está apresentando-se de modo mais agudo e severo em comparação aos anos anteriores, podendo isso estar relacionado ao método de manejo dos animais jovens utilizado na região. Conclui-se que a TPB é uma importante causa de mortalidade em bovinos na região e que a ocorrência daenfermidade vem aumentando.Palavras-chave: Patologia, babesiose, anaplasmose, bovinocultura.
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Reller, Megan E., et J. Stephen Dumler. « Optimization and Evaluation of a Multiplex Quantitative PCR Assay for Detection of Nucleic Acids in Human Blood Samples from Patients with Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis, Typhus Rickettsiosis, Scrub Typhus, Monocytic Ehrlichiosis, and Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ». Journal of Clinical Microbiology 58, no 9 (3 juin 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01802-19.
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ABSTRACT Spotted fever group rickettsioses (SFGR), typhus group rickettsioses (TGR), scrub typhus (caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi), ehrlichiosis, and anaplasmosis often present as undifferentiated fever but are not treated by agents (penicillins and cephalosporins) typically used for acute febrile illness. Inability to diagnose these infections when the patient is acutely ill leads to excess morbidity and mortality. Failure to confirm these infections retrospectively if a convalescent blood sample is not obtained also impairs epidemiologic and clinical research. We designed a multiplex real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to detect SFGR, TGR, O. tsutsugamushi, and infections caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis with the ompA, 17-kDa surface antigen gene, tsa56, msp2 (p44), and vlpt gene targets, respectively. Analytical sensitivity was ≥2 copies/μl (linear range, 2 to 2 × 105) and specificity was 100%. Clinical sensitivities for SFGR, TGR, and O. tsutsugamushi were 25%, 20%, and 27%, respectively, and specificities were 98%, 99%, and 100%, respectively. Clinical sensitivities for A. phagocytophilum and E. chaffeensis were 93% and 84%, respectively, and specificities were 99% and 98%, respectively. This multiplex qPCR assay could support early clinical diagnosis and treatment, confirm acute infections in the absence of a convalescent-phase serum sample, and provide the high-throughput testing required to support large clinical and epidemiologic studies. Because replication of SFGR and TGR in endothelial cells results in very low bacteremia, optimal sensitivity of qPCR for these rickettsioses will require use of larger volumes of input DNA, which could be achieved by improved extraction of DNA from blood and/or extraction of DNA from a larger initial volume of blood.
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Saman, Esmail Amiri Ghanat, et Asadollah Hosseini Chegeni. « Hard ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) infected by rickettsias : the first record of Rickettsia aeschlimannii (Rickettsiales : Rickettsiaceae) in Iran ». Systematic and Applied Acarology, 21 février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.27.4.7.
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We aimed to investigate the molecular evidences on the role of ticks as vectors of Anaplasma and spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia species in southeastern Iran. A total of 815 tick samples were collected from different geographical regions of southern Kerman province. A 524-bp fragment of 16S rRNA and a 464-bp fragment of major surface protein 4 (msp4) of Anaplasma, a 962-bp fragment of outer membrane protein A (ompA) of rickettsiae, as well as an amplicon (ca. 800-bp) of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of ticks were amplified by PCR technique. Ten nucleotide sequences, including three ompA, three ITS2, four Anaplasma (16S rRNA and msp4) were analyzed with BLASTn and phylogenetic software. According to ITS2 nucleotide sequences three tick species Hyalomma asiaticum, H. rufipes and Rhipicephalus sanguineus complex were identified. Rickettsia aeschlimannii was detected from Rh. sanguineus complex and H. rufipes, as well as A. ovis and a SFG Rickettsia was found in Rh. sanguineus and H. asiaticum, respectively. The present study reemphasizes the potential role of Rh. sanguineus complex in the natural cycle of ovine anaplasmosis in southeastern Iran. Our results also confirmed the presence of R. aeschlimannii in Rh. sanguineus complex and H. rufipes ticks for the first time in Iran. These results suggest a possible role of these ticks in the transmission cycle of R. aeschlimannii in southeastern Iran.
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Przygodzka, Marta, Ewa Mikulak, Tomasz Chmielewski et Aleksandra Gliniewicz. « Repellents as a major element in the context of prevention of tick-borne diseases ». Przeglad Epidemiologiczny, 2019, 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32394/pe.73.25.
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In Poland, out of the 21 species of ticks described, two species have the greatest epidemiological significance: Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus. Their participation in the transmission of etiologic agents of vector diseases such as Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, rickettsiosis and many others is widely known. Due to the often severe and sometimes fatal course of diseases transmitted by ticks, a great deal of emphasis is placed on prophylactic activities, minimizing the possibility of biting and transfering pathogens along with the arachnid saliva. In addition to means of personal protection, including appropriate clothing, protective vaccinations, avoiding tick habitats or body checking after returning from this type of places, one of the most important elements of anti-tick prevention is the use of effective repellents. The key role of using the repellent is to discourage the arthropod from attacking and to prevent it from taking food, as a result of which there is no phenomenon of transmission of pathogens from the hematophage to the host organism. The most commonly used substances with arthropod repellent properties are: N-N-diethylm-toluamide (DEET), 3-(N-acetyl-N-butyl) aminopropionic acid ethyl ester (IR3535), icaridine, permethrin and essential oils. However, it should be remembered that no repellent ever protects 100% all the time after application - its use should be considered as one of many elements of personal protection in the prevention of tick bites.
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Myśliwy, Izabella, Agnieszka Perec-Matysiak et Joanna Hildebrand. « Invasive raccoon (Procyon lotor) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) as potential reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens : data review from native and introduced areas ». Parasites & ; Vectors 15, no 1 (11 avril 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05245-3.
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AbstractIn recent decades, populations of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonides) have increased and adapted to peri-urban and urban environments in many parts of the world. Their ability to rapidly colonize new territories, high plasticity and behavioral adaptation has enabled these two species to be considered two of the most successful invasive alien species. One of the major threats arising from continually growing and expanding populations is their relevant role in maintaining and transmitting various vector-borne pathogens among wildlife, domestic animals and humans. According to the WHO, over 17% of infectious diseases are vector-borne diseases, including those transmitted by ticks. Every year tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) create new public health challenges. Some of the emerging diseases, such as Lyme borreliosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, babesiosis and rickettsiosis, have been described in recent years as posing important threats to global health. In this review we summarize current molecular and serological data on the occurrence, diversity and prevalence of some of the TBPs, namely Babesia, Theileria, Hepatozoon, Borrelia, Rickettsia, Bartonella, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia, that have been detected in raccoons and raccoon dogs that inhabit their native habitats and introduced areas. We draw attention to the limited data currently available on these invasive carnivores as potential reservoirs of TBPs in different parts of the world. Simultaneously we indicate the need for more research in order to better understand the epidemiology of these TBPs and to assess the future risk originating from wildlife. Graphical Abstract
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Jiang, Le, Philip Ching, Chien-Chung Chao, J. Stephen Dumler et Wei-Mei Ching. « Development of a Sensitive and Rapid Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum ». Journal of Clinical Microbiology 58, no 5 (4 mars 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01777-19.
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ABSTRACT Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a tick-borne disease caused by the obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The disease often presents with nonspecific symptoms with negative serology during the acute phase. Direct pathogen detection is the best approach for early confirmatory diagnosis. Over the years, PCR-based molecular detection methods have been developed, but optimal sensitivity is not achieved by conventional PCR while real-time PCR requires expensive and sophisticated instruments. To improve the sensitivity and also develop an assay that can be used in resource-limited areas, an isothermal DNA amplification assay based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was developed. To do this, we identified a 171-bp DNA sequence within multiple paralogous copies of msp2 within the genome of A. phagocytophilum. Our novel RPA assay targeting this sequence has an analytical limit of detection of one genome equivalent copy of A. phagocytophilum and can reliably detect 125 bacteria/ml in human blood. A high level of specificity was demonstrated by the absence of nonspecific amplification using genomic DNA from human or DNA from other closely-related pathogenic bacteria, such as Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Orientia tsutsugamushi, and Rickettsia rickettsii, etc. When applied to patient DNA extracted from whole blood, this new RPA assay was able to detect 100% of previously diagnosed A. phagocytophilum cases. The sensitivity and rapidness of this assay represents a major improvement for early diagnosis of A. phagocytophilum in human patients and suggest a role for better surveillance in its reservoirs or vectors, especially in remote regions where resources are limited.
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Hoornstra, D., M. G. Harms, S. A. Gauw, A. Wagemakers, T. Azagi, K. Kremer, H. Sprong, C. C. van den Wijngaard et J. W. Hovius. « Ticking on Pandora’s box : a prospective case-control study into ‘other’ tick-borne diseases ». BMC Infectious Diseases 21, no 1 (29 mai 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06190-9.
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Abstract Background Tick-borne pathogens other than Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato – the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis – are common in Ixodes ricinus ticks. How often these pathogens cause human disease is unknown. In addition, diagnostic tools to identify such diseases are lacking or reserved to research laboratories. To elucidate their prevalence and disease burden, the study ‘Ticking on Pandora’s Box’ has been initiated, a collaborative effort between Amsterdam University Medical Center and the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Methods The study investigates how often the tick-borne pathogens Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia species, Borrelia miyamotoi, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, spotted fever group Rickettsia species and/or tick-borne encephalitis virus cause an acute febrile illness after tick-bite. We aim to determine the impact and severity of these tick-borne diseases in the Netherlands by measuring their prevalence and describing their clinical picture and course of disease. The study is designed as a prospective case-control study. We aim to include 150 cases – individuals clinically suspected of a tick-borne disease – and 3 matched healthy control groups of 200 persons each. The controls consist respectively of a group of individuals with either a tick-bite without complaints, the general population and of healthy blood donors. During a one-year follow-up we will acquire blood, urine and skin biopsy samples and ticks at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks. Additionally, participants answer modified versions of validated questionnaires to assess self-reported symptoms, among which the SF-36, on a 3 monthly basis. Discussion This article describes the background and design of the study protocol of ‘Ticking on Pandora’s Box’. With our study we hope to provide insight into the prevalence, clinical presentation and disease burden of the tick-borne diseases anaplasmosis, babesiosis, B. miyamotoi disease, neoehrlichiosis, rickettsiosis and tick-borne encephalitis and to assist in test development as well as provide recommendations for national guidelines. Trial registration NL9258 (retrospectively registered at Netherlands Trial Register, trialregister.nl in in February 2021).
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Henningsson, Anna J., Audun Aase, Herjan Bavelaar, Signe Flottorp, Pia Forsberg, Ingvild Kirkehei, Matilda Lövmar et al. « Laboratory Methods for Detection of Infectious Agents and Serological Response in Humans With Tick-Borne Infections : A Systematic Review of Evaluations Based on Clinical Patient Samples ». Frontiers in Public Health 9 (20 septembre 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.580102.
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Background: For the most important and well-known infections spread by Ixodes ticks, Lyme borreliosis (LB) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), there are recommendations for diagnosis and management available from several health authorities and professional medical networks. However, other tick-borne microorganisms with potential to cause human disease are less known and clear recommendations on diagnosis and management are scarce. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of published studies and reviews focusing on evaluation of laboratory methods for clinical diagnosis of human tick-borne diseases (TBDs), other than acute LB and TBE. The specific aim was to evaluate the scientific support for laboratory diagnosis of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, rickettsiosis, neoehrlichiosis, babesiosis, hard tick relapsing fever, tularemia and bartonellosis, as well as tick-borne co-infections and persistent LB in spite of recommended standard antibiotic treatment.Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in 11 databases for research published from 2007 through 2017, and categorized potentially relevant references according to the predefined infections and study design. An expert group assessed the relevance and eligibility and reviewed the articles according to the QUADAS (diagnostic studies) or AMSTAR (systematic reviews) protocols, respectively. Clinical evaluations of one or several diagnostic tests and systematic reviews were included. Case reports, non-human studies and articles published in other languages than English were excluded.Results: A total of 48 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria for evaluation. The majority of these studies were based on small sample sizes. There were no eligible studies for evaluation of tick-borne co-infections or for persistent LB after antibiotic treatment.Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for larger evaluations of laboratory tests using clinical samples from well-defined cases taken at different time-points during the course of the diseases. Since the diseases occur at a relatively low frequency, single-center cross-sectional studies are practically not feasible, but multi-center case control studies could be a way forward.
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Losacco, Andrea M., Angela Maria Mozena Moriwake, Simone Cristina Caravaggi et Milena Camaral. « New technologies to treatment of Spotted Fever, GVE VII - Santo Andre, SP, Brazil. » Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 11, no 1 (30 mai 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v11i1.9946.
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ObjectiveTo perform the spatial distribution of Spotted Fever in the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo Municipality (MRSP), coverage area of Epidemiological Surveillance Group VII – of Santo Andre (GVE7), to determine clusters of disease incidence, and through QR Code to be able to access data from any smartphone as an aid to the early treatment of new suspected cases.IntroductionThe use of new technologies such as Online Maps and the QR Code facilitates the knowledge dissemination in the health science, aiding in diagnostic elucidation and intelligent decisions making, thus offering an improvement in the quality of care provided to patients. Cases with suspected spotted fever should be approached as potentially serious, which may develop with shock within a few hours and, if not addressedcan progress to death. In the case of spotted fever, early onset determines the cure of these cases.MethodsThe spatial distribution of confirmed Spotted Fever cases was performed in the region of the seven municipalities inserted into GVE7, using the Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) database and Google Maps online tool, and determining clusters of disease incidence. The QR Code was generated through the QR Code Maker online tool to access map and to verify if the displacement of each new suspect case coincides with the incidence clusters of the disease, and to determine early treatment of these patients.ResultsDuring the study period, 496 suspected cases of Spotted Fever were reported, of which 64 cases were laboratory test confirmed with a lethality rate of 65%. Most of the probable infection sites are located near the regions close to forest remnants and near the dams. The main concentration of cases is in Recreio da Borda do CampoDistrict in Santo Andre, 27 cases (43% of total). The other priority areas for Spotted Fever occurrence in the MRSP in the period were the districts of Alvarenga, Cooperativa (border of Municipality of Diadema), and Montanhao (in the Municipality of Sao Bernardo do Campo).Figure 1. QR Code and Google Maps Spotted Fever Incidence Clusters, GVE VII Santo Andre.ConclusionsIn order to validate the use of these technologies as positive, it will be necessary to analyze the closure of the new suspected Spotted Fever cases treated in the region studied. Positive spatial correlation between neighboring areas may result from the disease having an occurrence characteristic in endemic areas and spreading to the nearest areas. We can conclude that the use of new technologies to determine the early onset of treatment for Spotted Fever suspected cases based on the origin of the patients treated in the region of GVE7 can determine the success in the evolution of these cases.ReferencesBarros-Silva PM, Pereira SV, Fonseca LX, Maniglia FV, de Oliveira SV, de Caldas EP. Febre maculosa: uma análise epidemiológica dos registros do sistema de vigilância do Brasil. Scientia Plena. 2014 Apr 25;10(4 (A)).Biggs HM. Diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases: Rocky Mountain spotted fever and other spotted fever group rickettsioses, ehrlichioses, and anaplasmosis—United States. MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. 2016;65.Czuszynski K, Ruminski J. Interaction with medical data using QR-codes. InHuman System Interactions (HSI), 2014 7th International Conference on 2014 Jun 16 (pp. 182-187). IEEE.Dube S, Ndlovu S, Nyathi T, Sibanda K. QR Code based patient medical health records transmission: Zimbabwean case. InProceedings of informing science & IT education conference (InSITE) 2015 (pp. 521-520).Kanzaki A, Natsuaki M, Matsutani S, Mase K, Nakajima E, Kataoka S, Konya H, Takeda A, Nishiura T, Takada N. Two cases of Japanese spotted fever infected in Rokko mountain near urban area of southern Hyogo Prefecture. The Journal of dermatology. 2018 Jun 1. https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.14208Nasser JT, Lana RC, Silva CM, Lourenço RW, Silva DC, Donalísio MR. Urbanização da febre maculosa brasileira em município da região Sudeste: epidemiologia e distribuição espacial. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia. 2015 Apr; 18:299-312.Parra F. Reflexões sobre as relações entre usuário-interator e tecnologias emergentes a partir do QR Code. Temática. 2018 May 23;14(5).Pinter A ET AL.; A Febre Maculosa Brasileira na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Boletim Epidemiológico Paulista 2016;13(151):3-47.Raghavan RK, Goodin DG, Neises D, Anderson GA, Ganta RR. Hierarchical bayesian spatio–temporal analysis of climatic and socio–economic determinants of rocky mountain spotted fever. PloS one. 2016 Mar 4;11(3):e0150180.