Articles de revues : « Rhode Island Authors »

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Brown, BS, Travis, et Paul George, MD, MHPE. « Perceptions of opioid misuse and chronic pain : A qualitative assessment of Rhode Island commercial fishing captains ». Journal of Opioid Management 15, n^o 2 (1 mars 2019) : 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2019.0494.

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Objectives: To better understand how the contextual circumstances and lifestyle of commercial fishermen influence their access to healthcare and potentially contribute to the use and misuse of opioids.Methods: The authors conducted in-person, semistructured interviews with 15 full-time fishing captains in Rhode Island between the months of May and July of 2017.Results: The authors identified five major themes: Recurrent patterns of addiction and opiate use among crewmembers; chronic pain and injury as common constructs of life in the fishing industry; insufficient pain management resources; practical barriers to obtaining primary healthcare; and perceived lack of support from state government.Conclusions: Rhode Island commercial fishing captains perceived opioid misuse among crewmembers, work-related chronic pain, and inadequate healthcare access as barriers to sustainability of their industry.

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Frickel, Scott, et Jonathan Tollefson. « When Environmental Inequality Racialized : Historical Evidence from Providence, Rhode Island ». Socius : Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 8 (janvier 2022) : 237802312211275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231221127541.

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The authors use multiple logistic regression techniques to investigate whether individuals’ occupation, nativity, race, and ethnicity predict residential proximity to large-scale energy infrastructure in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1880 and 1930. Results indicate that in 1880, environmental risks associated with urban energy infrastructure fell most heavily on working-class immigrants; by 1930, those risks disproportionately affected the city’s small population of African American and Latinx residents. Across this 50-year span, environmental inequality racialized such that Providence’s gas lines effectively came to describe the city’s sharpening color line. The article concludes with a discussion of how a historical perspective can help clarify the dynamic relationship between environmental risk and urbanization in the (re)production of racial, ethnic, and economic inequality.

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Nocka, Kristen, Julia Raifman, Christina Crowley, Omar Galárraga, Ira Wilson, Jun Tao, Philip Chan et Philip Chan. « 1278. Assessing Statewide HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Implementation Using an All Payer Claims Database ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (octobre 2019) : S460—S461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1141.

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Abstract Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in the form of daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF/FTC) is a potentially transformative tool to prevent HIV infection. However, PrEP scale-up in the United States has been slow and difficult to evaluate comprehensively. All payer claims databases (APCDs) are large datasets that contain information on medical and pharmaceutical claims from most public and private payers in each state, and provide an unusual opportunity to evaluate statewide PrEP implementation efforts. Methods We used 2012–2017 data from Rhode Island’s APCD and developed an algorithm to identify individuals prescribed TDF/FTC for PrEP. We compared APCD PrEP data to electronic medical record (EMR) data at the largest dedicated PrEP program in the state, and to other comprehensive pharmaceutical claims data (AIDSVu.org). We calculated the PrEP-to-Need ratio (PnR) based on annual HIV incidence, and used multivariable logistic regression to predict ZIP code-level PrEP use, and specialty of prescribing provider (primary care vs. infectious disease). Results The Rhode Island APCD included insurance claims for 917,633 individuals (87% of the Rhode Island population). PrEP use increased substantially in Rhode Island over the 5-year period, from 13 to 331 prescriptions between 2012 and 2017, with 546 total users during this time period. Users were predominantly male (89%) and privately insured (69.1%), and concentrated in Providence County (71.5%). The PnR ratio increased from 0.2 to 4.0 from 2012–2017. Compared with AIDSVu and EMR Data, the APCD underestimated the number of PrEP users in Rhode Island, but improved over time in documenting users. Infectious diseases specialists had 8.4 times the odds (95% CI: 5.4 to 12.9) of being a PrEP prescriber compared with primary care providers. A total of 2.6% of infectious disease specialists were PrEP prescribers compared with 0.33% of PCPs. The proportion of Black or Hispanic individuals in a ZIP-code was not a significant predictor of PrEP use. Conclusion APCDs offer an innovative approach to evaluate statewide PrEP implementation comprehensively. Engaging PCPs in PrEP implementation is critical to improve overall uptake among populations most at-risk. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Lamoreaux, Naomi R., et Christopher Glaisek. « Vehicles of Privilege or Mobility ? Banks in Providence, Rhode Island, during the Age of Jackson ». Business History Review 65, n^o 3 (1991) : 502–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116766.

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Were banks in the Jacksonian era merely bastions of privilege or were they vehicles of upward mobility for those without capital? The authors attempt to answer these questions by analyzing changes in the wealthholdings of directors of banks in Providence, Rhode Island, during the period 1830 to 1845. They find that bank charters granted in the 1830s did tend to benefit men with relatively little property and that they provided a rising group of entrepreneurs with the financial wherewithal to challenge the established elite.

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Espich, Scott, Daniel Weinberger, Diane Mancini, Janna Brancato, Giyoung Lee, Fredua Akosa, Thomas Warcup et Peter J. Krause. « 762. Climate Change and the Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi over 25 Years in Rhode Island ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1 octobre 2020) : S427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.952.

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Abstract Background The Ixodes scapularis tick (deer tick or black-legged tick) is the primary vector of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Climatic conditions, specifically temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall, have been shown to affect I. scapularis tick densities. We hypothesized that temperature and moisture correlate with the frequency of human Lyme disease. Methods We have carried out a biannual B. burgdorferi serosurvey on Block island, Rhode Island over the past 25 years using a standard B. burgdorferi two-tier ELISA and Western blot assay. Residents of the Island were invited to participate and we only used first visit results. We analyzed B. burgdorferi seroprevalence and weather pattern trends (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) among a cohort of 2,439 Block Island residents over the past 25 years. Results During the months in which ticks are active, we found that both temperature and relative humidity increased on Block Island over the past 25 years (p=0.04 and p=0.03, respectively). We also found that the seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi on the Island increased over the course of the study (p< 0.01), and that increased temperature and moisture in a given season is associated with increased B. burgdorferi seroprevalence in the following season. For example, we found that every inch increase in total rainfall in a given season was associated with a 2% (95% CI 1.01-1.03) increase in the odds of B. burgdorferi seropositivity during the following season. Similarly, we found that every degree Fahrenheit increase in temperature in the spring was associated with a 2% (95% CI 1.02-1.03) increase in the odds of seropositivity in the fall. Conclusion We conclude that increasing temperature and moisture are associated with increased frequency of B. burgdorferi infection in humans. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Zimmerman, Mark, Iwona Chelminski, Kristy Dalrymple et Jacob Martin. « Screening for Bipolar Disorder and Finding Borderline Personality Disorder : A Replication and Extension ». Journal of Personality Disorders 33, n^o 4 (août 2019) : 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2018_32_357.

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The authors’ group previously reported that patients who screened positive on the Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ), the most frequently studied screening scale for bipolar disorder, were as likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) as with bipolar disorder. A limitation of that study was that the authors examined the performance of the MDQ in patients presenting for various psychiatric disorders, including depression. The recognition of bipolar disorder and its differential diagnosis with BPD is of greatest clinical relevance in depressed patients. In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project, the authors attempted to replicate their initial findings in a new sample of psychiatric outpatients, and they also examined the performance of the MDQ in depressed patients. The results of the present study were consistent with the original report, thereby indicating that the MDQ is not effective in helping distinguish bipolar disorder from BPD.

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Pandita, Aakriti, Fizza S. Gillani, Yiyun Shi, Anna hardesty, Jad Aridi, Meghan McCarthy, Silvia Chiang et Curt Beckwith. « 518. Factors Associated with Severe COVID-19 among Patients Hospitalized in Rhode Island ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1 octobre 2020) : S324—S325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.712.

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Abstract Background To better understand patient factors that impact clinical outcomes in COVID-19, we performed a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Rhode Island to identify patient and clinical characteristics associated with severe disease. Methods We analyzed 259 patients admitted to our academic medical center during a three month period with confirmed COVID-19. Clinical data was extracted via chart review and lab results within the first 24 hours of admission were extracted directly from electronic medical records. Patients were divided in two groups based upon the highest level of supplemental oxygen (O2) required during hospitalization: severe COVID-19 (high flow O2, non-invasive, or invasive mechanical ventilation) and non-severe COVID-19 (low flow O2 or no supplemental O2). SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC) was used for statistical analyses. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables and the Student’s t-test for continuous variables were used to compare demographics, baseline comorbidities, and clinical data between the severe and non-severe groups. Table 1: Demographics Results Of 259 patients, 166 (64%) had non-severe disease, and 93 (36%) severe disease; median age [IQR] was 62 [51,73]. There were 138(53%) males and 75 (29%) Hispanics. Among non-Hispanics,124(48%) were White, 48(19%) African Americans, and 12(5%) other races. Sixty (23%) were admitted from a nursing facility and the in-hospital mortality rate was 15% (38/259). Severe COVID-19 was associated with older age (p=0.02), admission from nursing facility (p=0.009), increased BMI (p=0.03), diabetes mellitus (p=0.0002), and COPD (p=0.03). At the time of presentation, severe COVID-19 was associated with tachypnea, hypoxia, hypotension (all p< 0.0001), elevated BUN (p=0.002) and AST (p=0.001), and acute or chronic kidney injury (p=0.01). Median hospital stay [IQR] was 11 days [7,18] in the severe vs. 6 days [3,11] in the non-severe group. In the severe group, 72% required ICU admission and 39% died. Table 2: Medical comorbidities Table 3: Presenting symptoms and signs in the first 48 hours of admission Table 4: Basic labs in the first 24 hours Conclusion In this cohort of patients with COVID-19, specific comorbidities, and vital signs at presentation were associated with severe COVID-19. These findings help clinicians with early identification and triage of high risk patients. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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McKenzie, MPH, Michelle, Amy Nunn, MS, ScD, Nickolas D. Zaller, PhD, Alexander R. Bazazi, BA et Josiah D. Rich, MD, MPH. « Overcoming obstacles to implementing methadone maintenance therapy for prisoners : Implications for policy and practice ». Journal of Opioid Management 5, n^o 4 (29 janvier 2018) : 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2009.0024.

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More than 2.4 million people are currently incarcerated in the United States, many as a result of drugrelated offenses. In addition, more than 200,000 active heroin addicts pass through the correctional system annually. New evidence suggests that both providing prisoners with referrals for community-based methadone programs and providing methadone prior to release reduces recidivism and adverse health and social consequences associated with drug use. This article reports the programmatic challenges associated with initiating methadone treatment in the Rhode Island correctional system. Significant obstacles to implementing methadone treatment include: stigma associated with pharmacological treatment, misconceptions regarding the nature of opioid addiction, logistics of control and storage of methadone, increased work load for nursing staff, and general safety and control concerns. The authors discuss strategies to address these barriers and conclude that providing methadone prior to inmate release is a feasible intervention with the potential to mitigate drugrelated health and social harms.

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Nguyen, Son, Alicia T. Lamere, Alan Olinsky et John Quinn. « The Effects of Sampling Methods on Machine Learning Models for Predicting Long-term Length of Stay ». International Journal of Rough Sets and Data Analysis 6, n^o 3 (juillet 2019) : 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrsda.2019070103.

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The ability to predict the patients with long-term length of stay (LOS) can aid a hospital's admission management, maintain effective resource utilization and provide a high quality of inpatient care. Hospital discharge data from the Rhode Island Department of Health from the time period between 2010 to 2013 reveals that inpatients with long-term stays, i.e. two weeks or more, costs about six times more than those with short stays while only accounting for 4.7% of the inpatients. With the imbalance in the distribution of long-stay patients and short-stay patients, predicting long-term LOS patients becomes an imbalanced classification problem. Sampling methods—balancing the data before fitting it to a traditional classification model—offer a simple approach to the problem. In this work, the authors propose a new resampling method called RUBIES which provides superior predictive ability when compared to other commonly used sampling techniques.

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McCarthy, Meghan L., Rebecca Reece, Sara E. Vargas, Jennie Johnson, Jennifer Adelson-Mitty et Timothy P. Flanigan. « 613. Lessons learned from a Rhode Island academic out-patient Lyme and tick-borne disease clinic ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1 octobre 2020) : S367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.807.

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Abstract Background Although the prevalence of tick-borne diseases (TBD) continues to increase, there remains significant confusion regarding treatment for Lyme and other TBDs. We conducted a chart review of all new patients that came to an academic center for Lyme and TBDs. We then initiated a quality improvement project for feedback from a small subset of patients with Post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). Methods Charts of patients visiting the clinic between March and November 2018 were reviewed. Data abstracted from the electronic health record included demographics, laboratory and clinical data. A small subset of patients who reported a history of Lyme and at least 6 months of symptoms after antibiotic treatment were enrolled in a phone survey to evaluate their experience with treatment for PTLDS. Results Symptoms most commonly seen in 218 new patients included fatigue (66.5%), joint pain (58.2%), cognitive difficulty (32.1%), headache (27.9%) and sleep disturbance (27.5%). 87% had already received tick-borne disease directed antibiotic treatment. Over half (60.5%) of patients report having symptoms for more than 6 months. More than half of patients (54.8%) who had more than 6 months of Lyme-related symptoms had positive serological testing. Common themes identified in the 16 phone surveys of patients with PTLDS conducted so far included significant frustration related to the dismissive attitudes from medical professionals (n=9/16), and many sought alternative or complementary therapies (n=11/16). Six patients reported receiving very long-term antibiotic regimens from other Lyme specialists. Many patients expressed satisfaction with the visit and medical advice even in the absence of curative therapy (n=9/16), although a significant number continued to seek care elsewhere (n=6/16). Conclusion More than half of new patients reported symptoms lasting more than 6 months after targeted antibiotic therapy. Further research is needed to develop interventions for the common symptoms of fatigue, joint pain, cognitive difficulty and sleep disturbance. Treatments to improve sleep, diet, and physical activity and decrease inflammation among patients who suffer from PTLDS are needed. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Gais, Thomas L., et Michael K. Gusmano. « Putting The Pieces Together Again : American States and the End of the ACA's Shared Responsibility Payment ». Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 45, n^o 3 (20 février 2020) : 439–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-8161048.

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Abstract The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) eliminated the ACA's “shared responsibility payment,” which penalized those who failed to comply with the requirement to purchase health insurance. In this article the authors explain efforts in several states to respond to this change by adopting individual health insurance mandates at the state level. Although there are good reasons to think that states may be reluctant to consider establishing their own mandates, New Jersey, the District of Columbia, and Vermont quickly joined Massachusetts in establishing such measures in 2018. In 2019 California and Rhode Island enacted state-level mandates. Four other states—Maryland, Connecticut, Hawaii, and Washington—formally considered mandates but have not enacted them. The authors compare the policy debates among these states and one other state, New York, which has not seen a legislative proposal for a mandate despite its strong support for the ACA. Their analysis explores the dynamics within the US federal system when a key component of a complex and politically salient national initiative is eliminated and states are left with many policy, political, and administrative questions of what to do next.

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Santucci, Anna, Kristin Johnson et Donna Gamache-Griffiths. « Whose act(ion) ? Report on intercultural educators in critical conversation on ethical practice across disciplines ». Scenario : A Journal for Performative Teaching, Learning, Research XV, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2021) : 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/scenario.15.2.6.

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This piece introduces and recreates a critical dialogue which occurred in the summer of 2021 among educational practitioners at the University of Rhode Island (USA), during an interdisciplinary teach-in retreat on Intercultural Competence Development for Teachers and Learners. The authors were among the participants who collaborated on this project led by Anna Santucci; here, they offer a snapshot of the exchange that took place on the final day of the retreat. The themes that emerged throughout the teach-in, summarized in that closing conversation, significantly resonate with the RISE Manifesto (Cañas, 2015). These themes include salient values, skills, and behaviors of interculturally competent educators and scholars whose understanding of ethical practice is grounded in empathy, and whose work strives to embrace radical creativity in envisioning possibilities for co-creation among all participants in the teaching and/or research experience – enacting education through and for "action" via human act-ivation and, therefore, act-ivism.

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Marshall, Robert J., Laurie Petrone, Mary Jo Takach, Shannon Sansonetti, Maria Wah-Fitta, Andrea Bagnall-Degos et Ana Novais. « Make a Kit, Make a Plan, Stay Informed : Using Social Marketing to Change the Population's Emergency Preparedness Behavior ». Social Marketing Quarterly 13, n^o 4 (décembre 2007) : 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000701662549.

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The population's response to a public health emergency can mean the difference between an incident and a tragedy. As the community's health educators, public health agencies promote “productive behaviors” to avoid panic during anxiety-producing situations. The Rhode Island Department of Health used a social marketing approach to identify the public's “wants and needs” in anticipation of an emergency. The formative research included age and race/ethnicity-specific focus groups and in-depth interviews with representatives of agencies serving special populations to determine information needs, preferred formats, trusted sources, and other aspects of emergency preparedness. Program staff used this information to design and bulk mail an initial pre-intervention awareness flyer and, months later, a 32-page informational booklet called “Make a Kit, Make a Plan, Stay Informed.” This “product” provided the population with three key preparedness behaviors out of the extensive range of options. Evaluation of the booklet indicated that an estimated 10% of the population changed their behavior by engaging in one of more of the preparedness activities. The authors conclude that social marketing provides a useful and systematic process for planning and implementing a project aimed at changing public health emergency preparedness behavior.

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Byrd, Katrina M., Esther Henebeng, Meghan L. McCarthy, Fizza S. Gillani, Erica Hardy et Sabina D. Holland. « 966. Pregnancy Outcomes and Engagement in HIV Care for Pregnant Women Living with HIV in Rhode Island 2012-2019 ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1 octobre 2020) : S513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1152.

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Abstract Background Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) requires a comprehensive approach and understanding the cultural backgrounds of pregnant women living with HIV (PWLH). In Rhode Island (RI), 70% of women newly diagnosed with HIV are foreign-born (FB) despite only representing 14% of RI’s population. Understanding the similarities and differences of pregnancy characteristics and engagement in postpartum HIV care between United States born (USB) and FB women is needed to ensure PWLH remain engaged in care and that appropriate resources are provided to all women with HIV in our state to maintain successful PMTCT of HIV. Methods A retrospective review of pregnant women living with HIV and their HIV-exposed infants evaluated in our hospital system were analyzed from 2012-2019. Clinical data were derived from medical records. Association between country of origin and sociodemographic, clinical, or lab variables were evaluated using chi-square test. Results A total of 72 pregnancies in 64 PWLH were included. Median # of pregnancies were 9 per year, median age at delivery 33 years, 54% of PWLH Black or African American, 33% Hispanic; 67.1% FB, most (56%) from Sub-Saharan Africa. Sixty-one % (n=42) with detectable (> 20 copies/mL) viral load (VL) during pregnancy, 23% (n=15) at delivery, only 1 VL > 200 at delivery. Pregnancy complications seen in 51%; 60% delivered vaginally; most (74%) at term. Engagement in postpartum HIV care declined from 71% at 6 months to 37% at 24 months. There was also decline in engagement in HIV care for the HIV exposed infants- 89% presented to the initial visit their children, from 89% attending the initial visit to 69% attending their last. DCYF involvement was more likely to occur in USB women compared to FB (P < 0.05). Other comparisons between FB & USB women including adherence to care were insignificant. Conclusion USB PWLH are at higher risk of DCYF involvement compared to FB women. Investigation into this disparity is warranted, given the cultural and language differences between groups. Additional research to determine barriers to long-term postpartum follow up for women and their infants is urgently needed. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Carrougher, Gretchen J., Kristen Burton-Williams, Kristy Gauthier, Amy Gloger, Lois Remington et Kelli Yukon. « Burn Nurse Competency Utilization : Report From the 2019 Annual American Burn Association Meeting ». Journal of Burn Care & ; Research 41, n^o 1 (12 novembre 2019) : 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irz188.

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Abstract Competence in healthcare is a recognized expectation by consumers. In 2018 following an extensive review and consensus-building process, burn nursing practice competencies were published. Clinical nurse leaders were called upon to use these published competencies in practice as a basis for the requisite knowledge and skills needed in the care of the burn-injured individual. In 2019 at the 51st Annual Meeting of the American Burn Association, nurses from four U.S. burn centers reported on their center’s incorporation of the competencies within their educational nursing curriculums. This paper provides a forum for each of the lead authors from Rhode Island Hospital Burn Center, the University of Utah Health Burn Trauma Intensive Care Unit, Parkland Regional Burn Center, and the University of Chicago Medicine Burn Center to outline their current utilization of the new burn nurse competencies and plans for future use. Competence in nursing practice is a recognized expectation by the U.S. healthcare consumer. The ability to demonstrate competence is also important to authoritative entities such as The Joint Commission (TJC) and other verifying agencies or societies (e.g., the American Burn Association for burn center verification). Without established and recognized standards of nursing care and documented educational preparation for staff, burn centers cannot ensure consistent and competent care.

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Mahayosnand, Ponn P., et Diana Mora Bermejo. « E-Mentoring Student Researchers through an Undergraduate Field Experience Course - Lessons Learned ». Journal of the British Association for the Study of Religion (JBASR) 23 (11 novembre 2022) : 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18792/jbasr.v23i0.58.

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This paper is written by a mentor and mentee pair, sharing experiences from both perspectives. The mentor is an American independent public health researcher currently located in Gaza, Palestine. Her research focuses on Islam and Health, Muslim health, E-mentoring and remote research. The mentee, who co-wrote this paper, was a student in Rhode Island, USA, in a fieldwork experience course. In this paper, the pair reflected on their research e-mentoring experience and offer insights for future research mentor-mentee pairs. This paper is split into 4 sections: (1) the benefits of e-mentoring; (2) lessons learned, and policies developed; (3) effective e-mentoring tools and systems, such as the weekly meeting call notes system; e-mentoring internship syllabus agreement, mentee research orientation, and maximizing Google Workspace; and (4) tips from a mentee. One unexpected benefit to being matched with an international mentor, was being exposed to a religion (Islam) and culture (Middle Eastern) she had not been previously exposed to. While forced to remote online work during the pandemic, the authors conclude that e-mentoring offers an effective means to conduct global research, while offering a unique method for cultural or religious awareness. Therefore e-mentoring should be further explored and promoted beyond the pandemic.

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Osho, G. Solomon, Justin Joseph, Julian Scott et Michael Adams. « An Investigation of Juvenile Gang Membership and Psychopathic Behavior : Evidence from Multilinear Analysis ». International Journal of Social Work 3, n^o 2 (26 septembre 2016) : 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v3i2.9312.

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<p>The extant literature provides evidence that gang involvement increases and individuals propensity to perpetrate antisocial behavior. Furthermore, it has been empirically support that criminal involvement increases and individuals like-hood of experiencing victimization. Antisocial personality disorder is described as engaging in aggressive behavior that is socially unacceptable; irresponsible, impulsive behavior; merged with impaired ability to empathize with victims; indifference to social norms, and frequent substance abuse (Cox, Edens, Magyar, & Lilienfeld, 2013; Lilienfeld & Arkowitz, 2007). Therefore, it is logical to deduce that gang affiliation also increases the probability of victimization amongst juveniles, which has been supported by by several authors. Furthermore, considering the symptomology associated with conduct disorder and operational defiant disorder it is probable that gang membership and victimization may have a critical role in the externalization of this psychological disorders symptoms. To examine this question we utilize data gathered by the Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T) program which consists of (N=5,935) eight grade students from 42 different schools. These schools are located in: Arizona, California, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin. The metropolitan regions the subjects reside during the data collection period are: Omaha, Las Cruces, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Torrance, Orlando, Pocatello, Will County, Kansas City, Providence, and Milwaukee. The results, limitations, and implications of the study will be discussed later.</p>

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Su, Yan-Jhu, Janelle Fassi et Christine Fruhauf. « ESPO AND ACADEMY FOR GERONTOLOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION SECTION SYMPOSIUM : UTILIZING TECHNOLOGY IN THE ADVANCEMENT OF OLDER ADULT EDUCATION ». Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (1 décembre 2023) : 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1162.

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Abstract TThis symposium intends to echo one of the core values of the GSA 2023 Annual Scientific Meeting — empowering all ages. Online lifelong learning has become more common in the 21st century. The speed of technological development far exceeds people’s imagination. The speed at which technology develops is shown to create a widening gap between older and younger populations, known as the digital divide. Introducing technologies into intergenerational learning environments remains an important step to bridging the generational digital divide. In accordance with the AGHE gerontological education competencies, these authors will describe how older adults utilize technology. The first speaker will discuss the effectiveness of a virtual intergenerational program that addressed experiences of ageism for older and younger participants. The second speaker will introduce user-centered design principles and innovative tools that facilitate virtual Information Communications Technology (ICT) support and training for older people with limited abilities in using technology. The third speaker will illustrate concrete practice through international cases from different intergenerational technology integration projects. The fourth speaker will present key elements from the University of Rhode Island (URI) Engaging Generations Cyber-Seniors Program internship and describe student experiences enrolled in the program. The last speaker will discuss the benefits and challenges of technology use among older learners and state the experience of leading older learners using technology in Taiwan. This is a Geriatric Education Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.

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Avila, Beth. « “Though I Am a Woman, I Am Not a Defenceless One!” : Women and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Pirate Stories ». Humanities 11, n^o 4 (22 juillet 2022) : 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h11040091.

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Resonating with British and American audiences and inspiring many later pirate stories, Byron’s The Corsair (1814) participated in a transatlantic conversation about female responses to violent masculinity. In an 1869 Rhode Island newspaper article, a woman recalled reading The Corsair as a child and debating whether to name her favorite doll Medora, the wife of the pirate, or Gulnare, the woman who kills their captor to rescue the pirate. Within the poem, Gulnare becomes less desirable in the eyes of the pirate after her violent act, but S. H. W. decides on Gulnare and sews on a needle-like bodkin to represent her dagger, thereby providing her doll with the symbol of Gulnare’s violent agency. This particular reader response suggests that Gulnare’s violent and independent action, which gave her control over her situation, resonated with some female readers in America. Authors of early American pirate stories, such as James Fenimore Cooper, refused to endorse a model of womanhood that included violence. However, Ballou’s extremely popular FannyCampbell (1844) constructed a lady pirate who embodies a model of womanhood that incorporates some conventional feminine traits of virtue, moral influence, and redemptive womanhood, but also draws on the justified violence of the male adventure hero. As a female pirate captain, Fanny combines aspects of the honorable gentleman pirate from The Corsair with the active woman, not unlike Gulnare, who realizes that in certain situations redemption and rescue are not options, and she must use violence in defense of herself and others.

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Bender, Morris A., Timothy Marchok, Robert E. Tuleya, Isaac Ginis, Vijay Tallapragada et Stephen J. Lord. « Hurricane Model Development at GFDL : A Collaborative Success Story from a Historical Perspective ». Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, n^o 9 (septembre 2019) : 1725–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0197.1.

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AbstractThe hurricane project at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) was established in 1970. By the mid-1970s pioneering research had led to the development of a new hurricane model. As the reputation of the model grew, GFDL was approached in 1986 by the director of the National Meteorological Center about establishing a collaboration between the two federal organizations to transition the model into an operational modeling system. After a multiyear effort by GFDL scientists to develop a system that could support rigorous requirements of operations, and multiyear testing had demonstrated its superior performance compared to existing guidance products, operational implementation was made in 1995. Through collaboration between GFDL and the U.S. Navy, the model was also made operational at Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center in 1996. GFDL scientists continued to support and improve the model during the next two decades by collaborating with other scientists at GFDL, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Environmental Modeling Center (EMC),1 the National Hurricane Center, the U.S. Navy, the University of Rhode Island (URI), Old Dominion University, and the NOAA Hurricane Research Division. Scientists at GFDL, URI, and EMC collaborated to transfer key components of the GFDL model to the NWS new Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF) that became operational in 2007. The purpose of the article is to highlight the critical role of these collaborations. It is hoped that the experiences of the authors will serve as an example of how such collaboration can benefit the nation with improved weather guidance products.

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Díaz Piñeiro, M. D., M. A. Gutiérrez Ortega, M. Mateos Agut, E. Martín Martínez et B. Sanz Cid. « Nalmefene and alcohol use disorder ». European Psychiatry 33, S1 (mars 2016) : S538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1991.

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IntroductionPsychopharmacology study.ObjectiveTo evaluate Nalmefene effectiveness in clinical practice in patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder.MethodDescriptive, prospective and observational study with patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder, treated with Nalmefene during 6 months.ResultsTwenty-seven patients (9 women and 18 men); average age: 47.92. A total of 64.28% with F10 as an exclusive main diagnosis. Drink urge perception at the beginning: 6.37 points over 10.6 months later, 3.25 points. Loss of alcohol drinking control perception at the beginning: 6.03 points over 10. Six months later, it is reduced down to 2.37 points. GGT reduction (from 107.18 to 36.5 U.I./L) and Mean Corpuscular Volume reduction (from 90.2 to 88.9 fl). The average of days/month with binge drinking at the beginning was 16.18 SD (standard drinks); and monthly total of alcohol consumption is 182.75 SD. After a month: 4.6 days and 66.52 SD. After 6 months, it decreases to 4 days/month and 63.3 SD. The results of the Rhode Island Change Assessment scale are: 7.4% in pre-contemplation stage, 70.37% contemplation stage, 3.7% action stage and 18.5% in maintenance stage. Six months later: 75% contemplation, 12.5% action and 12.5% maintenance stage. The main side effects were: nausea and vomiting, 22.22% at the beginning and 12.5% that persist with intakes; sexual side effects in 22.22% throughout the treatment; the 14.8% report increased sleeping and dreaming, 14.8% report restlessness, after six months drowsiness prevails with a 18%. At first, orthostatic dizziness appears in a 14.8%, disappearing 4 weeks later.ConclusionNalmefene is effective in reducing alcohol consumption, with few side effects and good acceptance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Klein, Eili, Emily Schueller, Katie K. Tseng et Arindam Nandi. « 2742. The Impact of Influenza Vaccination on Antibiotic Use in the United States, 2010–2017 ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (octobre 2019) : S965—S966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2419.

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Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is a cause of morbidity and mortality driven by inappropriate prescribing. In the United States, a third of all outpatient antibiotic prescriptions may be inappropriate. Seasonal influenza rates are significantly associated with antibiotic prescribing rates. The impact of influenza vaccination coverage on antibiotic prescribing is unknown. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of state-level vaccination coverage and antibiotic prescribing rates from 2010 to 2017. We used fixed effects regression to analyze the relationship between cumulative vaccine coverage rates for a season and the per capita number of prescriptions for systemic antibiotics for the corresponding season (January–March) controlling for temperature, poverty, healthcare infrastructure, population structure, and vaccine effectiveness. Results Rates of vaccination coverage ranged from 33% in Nevada to 52% in Rhode Island for the 2016–2017 season, while antibiotic use rates ranged from 25 prescriptions per 1,000 inhabitants in Alaska to 377 prescriptions per 1,000 inhabitants in West Virginia (Figure 1). Vaccination coverage rates were highly correlated with reduced prescribing rates, and controlling for other factors, we found that a one percent increase in the influenza vaccination rate was associated with 1.40 (95% CI: 2.22–0.57, P < 0.01) fewer antibiotic prescriptions per 1,000 inhabitants (Table 1). Increases in the vaccination coverage rate in the pediatric population (aged 0–18) had the strongest effect, followed by the elderly (aged 65+). Conclusion Vaccination can reduce morbidity and mortality from seasonal influenza. Though coverage rates are far below levels necessary to generate herd immunity, we found that higher coverage rates in a state were associated with lower antibiotic prescribing rates. While the effectiveness of the vaccine varies from year to year and the factors that drive antibiotic prescribing rates are multi-factorial, these results suggest that increased vaccination coverage for influenza would have significant benefit in terms of reducing antibiotic overuse and correspondingly antibiotic resistance. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Dickerson, Collin, Emily J. Patry, Lauri Bazerman, Johanna Martin, Marc Moody et Curt Beckwith. « 1063. Healthcare Utilization and Opportunities for HCV Testing and Treatment among Persons under Community Supervision in Pawtucket, RI ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1 octobre 2020) : S560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1249.

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Abstract Background The burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is disproportionately borne by persons involved with the justice system. To explore missed opportunities for HCV screening and treatment among a justice-involved population, we examined healthcare utilization and prior opportunities for HCV testing and treatment among persons under community supervision enrolled in an HCV testing and linkage to care study in Rhode Island (RI). Methods Two hundred and fifty individuals under community supervision were recruited from an RI probation and parole office. Participants underwent a rapid HCV antibody test (OraSure Technologies) and a baseline survey, which queried participants on justice involvement, demographics, substance use, healthcare utilization and prior HCV testing. A positive HCV antibody test and no report of previous HCV testing was classified as a missed opportunity for testing. Self-reported prior HCV diagnosis with no history of treatment was classified as a missed opportunities for HCV treatment. Results Forty-five participants (18%) had reactive antibody tests. Of those 45, twenty-five (55%) reported previously being diagnosed with HCV, including thirteen who reported an HCV diagnosis over 10 years ago; none had received HCV treatment. In addition, 135 participants (61.1%) reported previously being tested for HCV; the most common site of prior testing was in jail/prison (n=87). Ten participants had missed opportunities for HCV testing, and 25 had missed opportunities for HCV treatment. Of participants with these missed opportunities, 97% had health insurance, 74% had been to a primary care provider in the past year, and 91% had ≥ 1 identifiable risk factor for HCV. Flowchart of HCV Antibody Test Results and History of HCV Testing Healthcare Utilization among Persons with Missed Opportunities Conclusion Screening for HCV at community supervision sites is an underutilized venue for HCV screening that can identify previously-undiagnosed HCV infections. Many persons under community supervision are aware of their HCV positive status but have never received treatment. Despite involvement in healthcare systems and adequate health insurance coverage, many patients with risk factors for HCV have not been tested for HCV or have only been tested for HCV while incarcerated. Investing in and implementing strategies to increase testing for HCV is necessary to maximize the care continuum in this priority population. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Rusley, Jack, Jun Tao, Daphne Koinis-Mitchell, Alex Rosenthal, Madeline Montgomery, Hector R. Nunez, Philip Chan et Philip Chan. « 425. Longitudinal Trends in Risk Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Adolescents and Young Adults at a Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic, 2013–2017 ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (octobre 2019) : S213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.498.

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Abstract Background Sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates continue to rise in the United States (US). Over half of all new STDs occur in adolescents and young adults (AYA). Few studies have evaluated how sexual behaviors such as number of partners or condom use may contribute to this increase. We aimed to determine the association of sexual behaviors and condom use with STD incidence over time among AYA. Methods We reviewed all AYA ages 13–26 years attending a public STD clinic in Rhode Island from 2013–2017. We reviewed demographic and behavioral data including age, gender identity, risk group, race, ethnicity, insurance status, sexual behaviors, substance use, self-reported STD/HIV diagnosis (lifetime, past year), condom use, and HIV/STD testing results. We report proportions in 2013 and 2017, and performed trend analyses (Cocharn-Armitage test for categorical variables and Kruskal–Wallis trend test for continuous variables) to determine trends over time. Results A total of 3,822 AYA visited the clinic during the study time period. An increasing trend was observed for: multiple (≥5) partners (29% of AYA in 2013 vs. 38% in 2017, P < 0.001), self-reported past year and lifetime STD diagnosis (12 vs. 21%, P < 0.001 and 19 vs. 33%, P < 0.001, respectively), and lab-documented diagnosis of any STD (15 vs. 25%, P < 0.001), syphilis (2 vs. 5%, P = 0.006), any chlamydia (11 vs. 20%, P = 0.001), and any gonorrhea (3 vs. 8%, P = 0.008). A decreasing trend was observed for: white race (66% in 2013 vs. 43% in 2017, P < 0.001), uninsured (73 vs. 53%, P < 0.001), condomless sex during oral as well as vaginal/anal sex (22 vs. 10%, P = 0.001 and 16 vs. 8%, P = 0.001, respectively), and self-reported HIV diagnosis (2.5% to 0.9%, P = 0.016). Conclusion Among AYA, risk behaviors such as condomless sex and multiple partners increased significantly from 2013–2017, which may be contributing to an increase in STDs. Increased public health efforts are needed to promote education and other interventions to address behaviors associated with STD transmission. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Maynard, Michaela, Hector R. Nunez, Jun Tao, Madeline Montgomery, Alexi Almonte, Genoviva Sowemimo-Coker, Christina Chu, Collette Sosnowy, Philip Chan et Philip Chan. « 963. Extragenital Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Among Females Visiting an STD Clinic ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (octobre 2019) : S29—S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz359.065.

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Abstract Background Rates of chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (GC) are increasing in the United States. Annual screening for urogenital infection is recommended for sexually active females less than 25 years and older females at risk. CT and GC can be detected at pharyngeal and rectal sites and are commonly asymptomatic. Currently, extragenital screening is only recommended in men who have sex with men (MSM). Data among females on extragenital CT and GC are limited. Methods We reviewed all females presenting to a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic in Providence, Rhode Island from May 2014 to December 2018. During this time, urogenital, pharyngeal, and rectal screenings were offered to all females presenting for care. We evaluated demographics, behaviors, and laboratory data on urogenital, pharyngeal and rectal CT/GC. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed to determine the characteristics of demographic and behavioral variables associated with extragenital infection. Results During the study period, 2,672 females presented for STD screening. Median age was 26 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 33–22). Most patients (95%) reported engaging in sex with male partners. More than half (59%) had at least one extragenital (pharyngeal or rectal) test performed (77% pharyngeal only, 0.4% rectal only, 23% both). During the study period, there were 334 CT and 66 GC infections identified across all three anatomical sites. Of individuals with a positive CT result (N = 273), 85% (N = 233) had a positive urogenital, 19% (N = 53) a positive pharyngeal, and 18% (N = 48) a positive rectal specimen. Of individuals with a positive GC result (N = 50), 62% (N = 31) had a positive urogenital, 54% (N = 27) a positive pharyngeal, and 16% (N = 8) a positive rectal specimen. Among individuals with a positive CT or GC result, (N = 315), 17% (N = 55) had an extragenital infection in the absence of a positive urogenital result. No single risk factor was statistically associated with an extragenital CT or GC infection. Most individuals (82%) were asymptomatic at presentation. Conclusion In an STD clinic setting, a significant number of pharyngeal and rectal CT/GC infections may be missed in the absence of extragenital screening. Settings which engage at-risk females should consider implementation of routine CT/GC extragenital screening. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

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Tao, Jun, Madeline Montgomery, Collette Sosnowy, Hector R. Nunez, Genoviva Sowemimo-Coker, Christina Chu, Amy Nunn, Philip Chan et Philip Chan. « 1271. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Awareness and Uptake Between Men Who Have Sex with Men and Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (octobre 2019) : S457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1134.

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Abstract Background Men who have sex with men are disproportionately impacted by HIV in the United States and may benefit most from pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). However, differences may exist between men who only have sex with men (MSM) and men who have sex with both men and women (MSMW). MSMW may experience more barriers to accessing PrEP and may act as a potential bridge population for transmitting HIV to female sex partners. Differences in PrEP awareness and use between MSM and MSMW are unknown. Methods We evaluated all MSM and MSMW presenting to the Rhode Island Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) clinic and PrEP clinic from 2013–2017. Demographics and behavioral information were reviewed. Bivariate analyses were performed to present distributions of demographic and behavioral characteristics by sexual behavior. Logistic regression was conducted to explore associations between PrEP awareness/use and sexual behavior. Confounding variables were identified using the directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and a priori. Results Of 1,795 male individuals, 84% (1,504) were MSM, and 16% (291) were MSMW. The median age of our study population was 29 (interquartile range [IQR]: 23–42). When compared with MSM, MSMW were more likely to be non-White (33% vs. 28%), uninsured (54% vs.46%), self-report more sexual partners in the past 12 months (median 6 [IQR: 3–9]: vs. 4 [IQR:2–10]), use intranasal cocaine (21% vs. 12%), and engage in selling (6% vs. 2%) or buying sex (12% vs. 4%, all P < 0.05). MSMW were also less likely to have a previous HIV test (77% vs. 89%) compared with MSM. MSMW were 59% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 041, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31–0.55) less likely to be aware of PrEP and 17% (aOR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.41–1.66) less likely to report ever using PrEP after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and self-reported HIV risk. Conclusion Despite engaging in higher risk behaviors, MSMW were significantly less likely to be aware of or use PrEP compared with MSM. Future PrEP interventions are needed to target this potentially high-risk bridge population. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Rasmussen, Karsten Boye. « Countries closing down - reproducibility keeping science open ». IASSIST Quarterly 44, n^o 1-2 (2 juillet 2020) : 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/iq981.

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Welcome to volume 44 of the IASSIST Quarterly. Here in 2020 we start with a double issue on reproducibility (IQ 44(1-2)). The start of 2020 was in the sign of Corona. Though we are now only in the middle of the year, we can say with confidence that 2020 will be known for the closing down of nearly all public life. From our very own world this included the move of the IASSIST 2020 conference to 2021. The closing down of societies took different forms and this will and should be long debated and investigated, because many civil rights in open society were put on instant standby by governments, with various precautionary measures. Fortunately, many countries are now in the processes of opening up. Hopefully, we are now more careful, keeping socially distant, executing better sanitation, etc. We are also eagerly expectant of science breakthroughs: the vaccine, the better treatment, the cure. But Corona science extends beyond health and biology. Social science in particular has an obligation to make us better prepared to take necessary measures and to uphold democracy. Social science has always had the reliable issue that you cannot step into the same river twice: Survey data collected at one time will not in a subsequent data collection bring the same results, even with the same panel of respondents. Reproducibility has many more forms than exact data collection, though, and is foundational for open science and an open society. Science needs to be transparent in order to be challenged and improved. Fellow scientists as well as laymen should have the possibility of performing analyses to find whether results can be reproduced. I am therefore very happy to send my thanks to Harrison Dekker and Amy Riegelman for taking the initiative to create this special issue of the IASSIST Quarterly on reproducibility. Harrison Dekker is a data librarian at University of Rhode Island and Amy Riegelman a librarian in social sciences at the University of Minnesota. Together, Amy and Harrison reviewed the papers submitted for their special issue and wrote the introduction in the following pages. In addition to expressing my great appreciation to them, I also want to thank all the authors who submitted papers for this issue. Thanks! Let's keep science open again! Submissions of papers for the IASSIST Quarterly are always very welcome. We welcome input from IASSIST conferences or other conferences and workshops, from local presentations or papers especially written for the IQ. When you are preparing such a presentation, give a thought to turning your one-time presentation into a lasting contribution. Doing that after the event also gives you the opportunity of improving your work after feedback. We encourage you to login or create an author login to https://www.iassistquarterly.com (our Open Journal System application). We permit authors 'deep links' into the IQ as well as deposition of the paper in your local repository. Chairing a conference session with the purpose of aggregating and integrating papers for a special issue IQ is also much appreciated as the information reaches many more people than the limited number of session participants and will be readily available on the IASSIST Quarterly website at https://www.iassistquarterly.com. Authors are very welcome to take a look at the instructions and layout: https://www.iassistquarterly.com/index.php/iassist/about/submissions Authors can also contact me directly via e-mail: kbr@sam.sdu.dk. Should you be interested in compiling a special issue for the IQ as guest editor(s) I will also be delighted to hear from you. Karsten Boye Rasmussen - June 2020

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Jang, Eun Ji, Annie Gjelsvik et Siraj Amanullah. « 1356. Association Between Marital Status and Pre-pregnancy STI Counseling Among Women Who Have Recently Given Birth : RI PRAMS 2016-2018 ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (1 novembre 2021) : S764—S765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1548.

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Abstract Background As rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to rise, all women of reproductive age can suffer from complications particularly during pregnancy which can lead to adverse neonatal outcomes. Currently, data on STI counseling among married women are limited. This study aims to assess differences in pre-pregnancy STI counseling based on marital status among women who have recently given birth. Methods We utilized the Rhode Island Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (RI PRAMS) 2016-2018, a population-based survey of postpartum women. Mothers self-reported if they have received STI counseling for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis during any health care visit in the 12 months before becoming pregnant. Marital status was obtained from the birth certificate. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed adjusting for age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, education, insurance, income, and previous live birth. We accounted for weighting and complex survey design. Results Our analytic sample included 2,361 mothers. More than half of the women reported never having received pre-pregnancy STI counseling about the 3 most reported and curable STIs in the US. Among them, an estimated 78.9% (n=1,207) of married women did not receive pre-pregnancy STI counseling compared to 53.6% (n=429) of unmarried women (Table 1). Married women had 0.61 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.81) odds of receiving STI counseling before pregnancy compared to unmarried women (Figure 1). Other risk factors for not receiving STI counseling included having a college education or higher or having a previous live birth. Table 1. Characteristics of Women who have Recently Given Birth by Marital Status, RI PRAMS 2016-2018 (n=2,361) *Unknown/missing values for each category <10%.**Uninsured population <1% Figure 1: Adjusted Odds of Having Received Pre-pregnancy STI Counseling among Recent Mothers, RI PRAMS 2016-2018 (n=2,361) *P-value <0.05Reference Group; Marital Status: unmarried, Age: < 25 years old, Race: White, Hispanic: Non-Hispanic, Education: High school degree or less, Insurance: Public insurance, Income: < &24,000, Previous live birth: No previous live birth Conclusion Selective STI counseling creates gaps and missed opportunities to address STIs early before pregnancy. All women regardless of their perceived risk for STI or assumptions based on their marital status should receive proper STI counseling as all women are vulnerable and at higher risk of developing complications. Health care providers should increase efforts to address this gap and counsel all women about STIs during every visit irrespective of their marital status. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Humphrey, Thomas F. « Transportation Skills Needed by Private-Sector and Public-Sector Organizations ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1924, n^o 1 (janvier 2005) : 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192400106.

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The University of Rhode Island requested an assessment of the potential demand for developing new academic programs in the areas of transportation and logistics. Although the research focused on Rhode Island public- and private-sector organizations, it was concluded that the results have broader applications for the academic community. The research was accomplished by interviewing a total of 24 key executives in four large private companies and five large public-sector organizations. The questions focused on “skills required to do your job.” The interviews resulted in the following conclusions: ( a) a distinct difference must be made between education needs, training needs, and outreach needs; ( b) concerning public agency needs, responses tracked closely to the several national studies that have taken place over the past several years; ( c) private-sector organizations view logistics and supply chain management as critical to their bottom line; ( d) there appears to be a common interest among interviewees for universities to establish more outreach programs; ( e) private-sector companies all expressed possible interest in targeted logistics and supply chain management programs (certificate programs or individual courses could be of interest, either as traditional classroom or Internet-based); ( f) definite interest existed among public agencies to establish courses and distance-learning–based certificate programs in “transportation policy and management” (the author's label); and ( g) there were a surprising number of common needs.

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Spaulding, M. L., A. Grilli, C. Damon et G. Fugate. « Application of Technology Development Index and Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Methods to Ocean Renewable Energy Facility Siting ». Marine Technology Society Journal 44, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2010) : 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.44.1.8.

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AbstractTo assist in siting of offshore renewable energy facilities (wind, wave, and in-stream tidal, and ocean current), a marine spatial planning-based approach is proposed. The first level (Tier #1) screening determines the potential energy resource to be exploited and then identifies areas that are prohibited from siting because there is a direct, irreconcilable conflict, as determined by a stakeholder process and vetted by regulators. Areas that remain after these exclusions are implemented are candidates for facility siting. The next step involves considering technical (engineering and economic) attributes of the proposed energy development that further restricts the area under consideration. Finally, Tier #2 screening (not addressed here) evaluates other use conflicts such as recreational and commercial fishing areas, marine mammal feeding and breeding grounds and transit paths, bird migratory paths, feeding, and nesting areas, and similar issues that must be considered in facility siting.To facilitate the application of technology constraints on siting, two methods are proposed, a Technology Development Index (TDI) and a Principal Components - Cluster Analysis (PCCA). The TDI method, developed by the authors and presented in this paper, is the ratio of the Technical Challenge Index (TCI) to the Power Production Potential (PPP) of the energy extraction device. TCI is a measure of how difficult it is to site the device at a given location plus a measure of the distance to the closest electrical grid connection point. The PPP is an estimate of the annual power production of one of the devices. The site with the lowest TDI represents the optimum location. In practice, the study area is gridded and the TDI (TCI and PPP) is calculated for each grid. The method explicitly accounts for the spatial variability of all input data. Simulations can be performed either deterministically or stochastically, using a Monte Carlo method, so that uncertainties in the underlying input data are reflected in the estimated values of the TDI. The later approach allows detailed assessment of the sensitivity of the estimates to the input data and formulations of the TCI and PPP. The results are presented in the form of contours of TDI. The method can be applied to any offshore renewable energy type or extraction system once the technical attributes are specified.The PCCA approach uses several spatially varying variables that describe the key attributes of the siting decision (e.g., water depth, power production potential, distance to shore, and seabed conditions). The principal components are first determined from the gridded data and then clusters are identified. Finally, the clusters are mapped to the study area. The attributes and spatial distribution of clusters provide insight into the optimum locations for development.The two methods were employed in identifying potential areas for siting of a wind farm in coastal waters of Rhode Island, assuming lattice jacket support structures for the wind turbines. Both methods give consistent results and show locations where the ratio of technical challenge to power production is minimized.

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Dekker, Harrison, et Amy Riegelman. « Advocating for reproducibility ». IASSIST Quarterly 44, n^o 1-2 (2 juillet 2020) : 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/iq982.

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As guest editors, we are excited to publish this special double issue of IASSIST Quarterly. The topics of reproducibility, replicability, and transparency have been addressed in past issues of IASSIST Quarterly and at the IASSIST conference, but this double issue is entirely focused on these issues. In recent years, efforts “to improve the credibility of science by advancing transparency, reproducibility, rigor, and ethics in research” have gained momentum in the social sciences (Center for Effective Global Action, 2020). While few question the spirit of the reproducibility and research transparency movement, it faces significant challenges because it goes against the grain of established practice. We believe the data services community is in a unique position to help advance this movement given our data and technical expertise, training and consulting work, international scope, and established role in data management and preservation, and more. As evidence of the movement, several initiatives exist to support research reproducibility infrastructure and data preservation efforts: Center for Open Science (COS) / Open Science Framework (OSF)[i] Berkeley Initiative for Transparency in the Social Sciences (BITSS)[ii] CUrating for REproducibility (CURE)[iii] Project Tier[iv] Data Curation Network[v] UK Reproducibility Network[vi] While many new initiatives have launched in recent years, prior to the now commonly used phrase “reproducibility crisis” and Ioannidis publishing the essay, “Why Most Published Research Findings are False,” we know that the data services community was supporting reproducibility in a variety of ways (e.g., data management, data preservation, metadata standards) in wellestablished consortiums such as Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) (Ioannidis, 2005). The articles in this issue comprise several very important aspects of reproducible research: Identification of barriers to reproducibility and solutions to such barriers Evidence synthesis as related to transparent reporting and reproducibility Reflection on how information professionals, researchers, and librarians perceive the reproducibility crisis and how they can partner to help solve it. The issue begins with “Reproducibility literature analysis” which looks at existing resources and literature to identify barriers to reproducibility and potential solutions. The authors have compiled a comprehensive list of resources with annotations that include definitions of key concepts pertinent to the reproducibility crisis. The next article addresses data reuse from the perspective of a large research university. The authors examine instances of both successful and failed data reuse instances and identify best practices for librarians interested in conducting research involving the common forms of data collected in an academic library. Systematic reviews are a research approach that involves the quantitative and/or qualitative synthesis of data collected through a comprehensive literature review. “Methods reporting that supports reader confidence for systematic reviews in psychology” looks at the reproducibility of electronic literature searches reported in psychology systematic reviews. A fundamental challenge in reproducing or replicating computational results is the need for researchers to make available the code used in producing these results. But sharing code and having it to run correctly for another user can present significant technical challenges. In “Reproducibility, preservation, and access to research with Reprozip, Reproserver” the authors describe open source software that they are developing to address these challenges. Taking a published article and attempting to reproduce the results, is an exercise that is sometimes used in academic courses to highlight the inherent difficulty of the process. The final article in this issue, “ReprohackNL 2019: How libraries can promote research reproducibility through community engagement” describes an innovative library-based variation to this exercise. Harrison Dekker, Data Librarian, University of Rhode Island Amy Riegelman, Social Sciences Librarian, University of Minnesota References Center for Effective Global Action (2020), About the Berkeley Initiative for Transparency in the Social Sciences. Available at: https://www.bitss.org/about (accessed 23 June 2020). Ioannidis, J.P. (2005) ‘Why most published research findings are false’, PLoS Medicine, 2(8), p. e124. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124 [i] https://osf.io [ii] https://www.bitss.org/ [iii] http://cure.web.unc.edu [iv] https://www.projecttier.org/ [v] https://datacurationnetwork.org/ [vi] https://ukrn.org

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Kołoczek, Bartosz Jan. « The Aegean Imaginarium : Selected Stereotypes and Associations Connected with the Aegean Sea and Its Islands in Roman Literature in the Period of the Principate ». Electrum 27 (2020) : 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.20.010.12800.

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This article is devoted to the rarely addressed problem of Roman stereotypes and associations connected with the Aegean Sea and its islands in the works of Roman authors in the first three centuries of the Empire. The image of the Aegean islands in the Roman literature was somewhat incongruously compressed into contradictory visions: islands of plenty, desolate prisons, always located far from Italy, surrounded by the terrifying marine element. The positive associations stemmed from previous cultural contacts between the Aegean and Rome: the Romans admired the supposedly more developed Greek civilisation (their awe sometimes underpinned by ostensible disparagement), whereas their elites enjoyed their Aegean tours and reminisced about past glories of Rhodes and Athens. The negative associations came from the islands’desolation and insignificance; the imperial authors, associating the Aegean islets with exile spots, borrowed such motifs from classical and Hellenistic Greek predecessors. The Aegean Sea, ever-present in the rich Greek mythical imaginarium, inspired writers interested in myth and folklore; other writers associated islands with excellent crops and products, renowned and valued across the Empire.

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Tóth, Balázs, Gergely Katona et Zsolt Bálint. « Eucrostes indigenata in the collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum (Lepidoptera : Geometridae) ». Folia Entomologica Hungarica 83 (2022) : 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17112/foliaenthung.2022.83.91.

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Altogether 103 specimens of Eucrostes indigenata (Villers, 1789) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae: Comostolini) are deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum. The species was found in the Carpathian Basin in 1895 for the first time, and the latest record dates back to 1974. Although the first record from Grebenac (Serbia) was mentioned in several references around the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, apparently it was forgotten later, and it was neglected by most authors of the recent decades. The voucher specimen of the first Hungarian record is illustrated. A case of mislabelling in Imre Frivaldszky’s collection is documented. The first record of the species from the Dodecanese Islands (Rhodes), Greece, is presented.

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Gibbons, J. A., C. Kahlenberg, D. Jannat-Khah, S. Goodman, P. Sculco, M. Figgie et B. Mehta. « AB1244 TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY IN PATIENTS UNDER 21 YEARS OF AGE : A U.S. NATIONWIDE ANALYSIS ». Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (23 mai 2022) : 1733.2–1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2542.

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BackgroundTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a procedure rarely performed in patients under 21 years old. However, the number of patients <21 undergoing TKA in the United States (US) is unknown. In one of the largest US studies of an institutional arthroplasty registry, only 19 TKAs were performed in patients <21 out of ~30,000 primary TKAs over 34 years1. While a few national or multi-national studies have been performed outside the US, these studies have small cohorts (~100), making it difficult to determine the indications for TKA in this age group.ObjectivesWe identified the number of patients <21 years of age who underwent TKA in a US nationwide dataset. Additionally, we determined the epidemiological characteristics of patients undergoing TKA, including their age, sex, race, indications for surgery, and in-hospital mortality.MethodsWe analyzed the Kids’ Inpatient Database, which is a national weighted sample of all inpatient hospital admissions in the US in patients <21 years old from ~4,200 hospitals in 46 states. We included all admissions from 2000-2016 with a primary procedural code of TKA determined by ICD-9 and 10 codes. Descriptive statistics such as means and percentages, along with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using appropriate sample weights.ResultsThe total number of TKAs performed in patients <21 years old from 2000 to 2016 was 1,331 (Table 1). The majority of TKAs performed (n=936; 70.3%) were for treatment of an oncologic disease. The most common diagnosis was malignant tumor (68.7%), followed by osteoarthritis (7.3%) and inflammatory arthritis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (7.0%) (Figure 1). Osteonecrosis accounted for 3.9% of cases, while mechanical complications accounted for 3.3%. Fewer than 2% of cases had an indication of either benign or uncertain tumor, infection, or trauma. The mean age was 14.8 years, and 48.4% of the cohort was female. A higher proportion of the non-tumor cohort was female (57.1%) than the tumor cohort (44.7%). 57.1% of patients in the overall cohort were White, and this proportion was smaller in the tumor group (53.8%) than the non-tumor group (64.9%). No patients died during the inpatient event. 87.8% of TKAs were performed in urban teaching hospitals.Table 1.Characteristics of patients <21 undergoing TKA by diagnosis typeVariableOverallN = 1331Non-tumorN = 395TumorN = 936Age, mean (95% CI)14.8 (14.4, 15.2)15.9 (14.7, 17.1)14.3 (14.1, 14.6)Sex: Female, % (95% CI)48.4 (44.9, 51.9)57.1 (49.1, 64.8)44.7 (41.1, 48.3)Race, % (95% CI) White57.1 (52.3, 61.8)64.9 (55.5, 73.3)53.8 (48.4, 59.2) Black13.1 (10.1, 16.9)16.9 (10.1, 27.2)11.5 (8.7, 14.9) Hispanic19.7 (16.6, 23.3)14.3 (9.9, 20.2)22.0 (18.1, 26.6) Asian or Pacific Islander3.4 (2.1, 5.4)**4.6 (2.9, 7.4) Native American0.9 (0.4, 1.9)**** Other5.8 (4.1, 8.1)2.9 (1.3, 6.4)7.0 (4.8, 10.0)Payor, % (95% CI) Medicare1.4 (0.7, 2.9)4.7 (2.2, 9.7)— Medicaid31.1 (27.5, 35.0)28.0 (21.0, 36.3)32.4 (28.3, 36.7) Private57.8 (53.7, 61.7)60.2 (52.1, 67.8)56.7 (52.2, 61.1) Self-pay3.3 (2.3, 4.9)**4.2 (2.7, 6.2) Other6.1 (4.4, 8.3)5.1 (3.0, 8.6)6.6 (4.5, 9.4)Admission type: elective, % (95% CI)85.9 (81.1, 89.6)81.6 (72.6, 88.2)87.7 (82.2, 91.6)N represents weighted estimateCI = Confidence Interval** Per HCUP guidelines, cell sizes ≤10 have been omitted to protect patient confidentialityFigure 1.Most common primary diagnoses for TKA in patients <21 years oldThe most common primary diagnosis of 1,331 patients <21 undergoing TKA. Bars represent 95% Confidence Intervals. JIA = juvenile idiopathic arthritis.ConclusionTKA is a rarely-performed procedure for patients <21 years old in the US; it is mainly performed in urban teaching centers and has excellent in-hospital survival rates. 70.3% of these procedures are performed for tumors—the vast majority of which are malignant. Also, even with the advent of better treatment options for JIA and inflammatory arthritis, TKA is still performed frequently in this population indicating that better clinical management is needed.References[1]Martin JR et al. Adolescent total knee arthroplasty. PMCID: PMC5484984AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the Kellen Scholar Award supported by the Anna Marie and Stephen Kellen Foundation Total Knee Improvement Program. The authors would like to acknowledge the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Data Partners that contribute to Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.Disclosure of InterestsJ. Alex Gibbons: None declared, Cynthia Kahlenberg: None declared, Deanna Jannat-Khah Shareholder of: AstraZeneca, Cytodyn, and Walgreens, Susan Goodman Consultant of: UCB, Grant/research support from: Novartis, Peter Sculco Consultant of: Intellijoint Surgical, DePuy Synthes, Lima Corporate, Zimmer Biomet, and EOS Imaging, Grant/research support from: Intellijoint Surgical and Zimmer Biomet, Mark Figgie Shareholder of: HS2, Mekanika, and Wishbone, Consultant of: Lima and Wishbone, Bella Mehta Paid instructor for: Novartis

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« First person – Anthony Agudelo ». Biology Open 9, n^o 10 (15 octobre 2020) : bio057216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.057216.

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ABSTRACTFirst Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Biology Open, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Anthony Agudelo is first author on ‘Age-dependent degeneration of an identified adult leg motor neuron in a Drosophila SOD1 model of ALS’, published in BiO. Anthony conducted the research described in this article while an undergraduate Research Assistant in Dr Geoff Stilwell's lab at Rhode Island College, Providence, USA. He is now a Research Assistant in the lab of Dr James Padbury at Rhode Island College, Providence, USA, investigating using computational biology methods to shed light on the pathology of complex diseases.

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Deluca, Erik, et Elana Hausknecht. « Ears to the Ground : Socially engaged sound art as learning in process ». Organised Sound, 7 février 2022, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771822000036.

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Braiding sound–listening–learning (encouraged by composer Pauline Oliveros) with critical consciousness (inspired by educator Paulo Freire), the authors led a location-specific, socially engaged sound art project in Rhode Island (USA). The authors describe a style of socially engaged sound art that approaches the object of art as a dialogic process of learning.

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Anders, Susan, Steven Hall, Barbara Scofield et Robert Walsh. « Encouraging Undergraduate-Faculty Collaborative Research ». Journal of Business and Leadership, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.58809/xaav1973.

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This paper is the result of the authors’ participation in a panel session at the Southwest Regional Meeting of the American Accounting Association in Houston, Texas in March 2008. Robert J. Walsh presented an earlier version of this manuscript at the Northeast Regional Meeting of the American Accounting Association in Newport, Rhode Island in November 2008. The authors wish to recognize the contributions of the program chairs, anonymous reviewers, and panel session participants for their helpful comments and suggestions.

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Teferi, Maranatha, Marcela Osorio, Benjamin Gallo Marin, Ann Ding et Ian C. Michelow. « 362. Association of Eosinophilia with Parasites in Rhode Island Refugees, 2015 - 2020 ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 9, Supplement_2 (1 décembre 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac492.440.

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Abstract Background There are sparse data reporting the rates of potentially pathogenic parasites in asymptomatic, newly arrived refugees to the United States. Untreated parasitic infections can have significant health consequences including anemia, malnutrition, infertility, urinary tract malignancy, and death, among others. Eosinophilia may serve as a biomarker for certain parasites, but its reliability is debated. We hypothesized that detection of eosinophilia in refugees to Rhode Island would be useful for guiding management in this vulnerable population. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on all adult and pediatric refugees who had their initial refugee intake clinic visit at Lifespan’s Center for Primary Care Refugee Clinic, Hasbro Children Hospital’s Refugee Clinic, or Medicine-Pediatrics Refugee Clinic, all in Rhode Island, from January 2015 to December 2020. Patients who had delayed intakes or were originally evaluated in other states were not eligible. Data were systematically collated in RedCap and descriptive statistics were performed. Results Charts of 955 refugees were reviewed retrospectively, of which 143 did not meet eligibility criteria and were excluded. Overall, 505 (62.2%) patients were from Africa, 242 (29.8%) from Asia, 32 (3.9%) from the Americas, 32 (3.9%) from Europe, and 1 (0.1%) from Australia. Among the 812 individuals included, 147 (18.1%) patients had eosinophil counts > 500/uL, of whom 113 (76.9%) had mild (450-1499/uL), 30 (20.4%) had moderate (1500-4999/uL), and 4 (2.7%) had severe eosinophilia (⪰ 5000/uL). The majority of patients with or without eosinophilia originated from Africa. Prevalence of symptoms (Table 1) ranged from 0% (bloody stools) to 17.6% (abdominal pain). Overall, > 50% of refugees tested positive for a parasite by various methods (Table 2). Serology did not distinguish between acute or past infection. One patient (0.7%) was diagnosed with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Table 1.Symptoms at Initial Encounter Among Patients With Eosinophilia (n=68)Table 2.Lab Values Among Patients with Eosinophilia (n=147) Conclusion Eosinophilia was common in both adult and pediatric asymptomatic refugees in Rhode Island who had parasites detected by various tests. Therefore, we conclude that routine testing for eosinophilia may inform treatment of potentially dangerous parasites in the absence of symptoms. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.

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Singh, Manjot, Vladimir Novitsky, Mark Howison, Kristin Carpenter-Azevedo, Richard Huard, Ewa King et Rami Kantor. « 1896. Statewide Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Rhode Island ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 9, Supplement_2 (1 décembre 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac492.1523.

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Abstract Background Global genomic surveillance has allowed identification of SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Statewide variant characterization can guide local public health mitigations and provide educational opportunities. We characterized statewide evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Rhode Island (RI). Methods Deidentified RI SARS-CoV-2 sequences since 2/2020, generated at authors, CDC and commercial laboratories, were extracted from https://www.gisaid.org. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses were conducted with available tools and custom python scripts and, after quality control, sequences were classified as variants of Concern (VOC), variants being monitored (VBM), or non-VOC/non-VBM, per CDC definitions. Specific mutations that are characteristic of the most recent VOCs (Delta or Omicron) were explored outside of their designated lineages. Results Of the 1.1 million RI population, 14,933 SARS-CoV-2 sequences were available between 2/2020 and 3/2022. These included 1,542 (11%) sequences from 37 non-VOC/non-VBM lineages until 2/2021, most commonly B.1.2 (21%), B.1.375 (13%), and B.1.517 (6%); 2,910 (19%) sequences from 7 VBM lineages between 3-6/2021, most commonly Alpha (48%), Iota (34%), and Gamma (10%); and 10,481 (70%) sequences from 2 VOC lineages, including 7,574 (72%) Delta mostly between 6/2021 and 12/2021, and 2,907 (28%) Omicron mostly between 1/2022 and 3/2022. Phylogeny showed expected clustering of local variants within regional and global sequences, and continued viral evolution over time. Further VOC evolution was observed, including 87 Delta sub-lineages, most commonly AY.103 (17%), AY.3 (15%), and AY.44 (12%); and 4 Omicron sub-lineages BA.1 (61%), BA.1.1 (32%), BA.2 (7%), and BA.3 (< 1%). Omicron-associated mutations S:del69/70, S:H655Y, or N:P13L were observed in 219 Delta sequences, and Delta-associated mutations ORF1b:G662S, N:D377Y, or M:I82T were observed in 16 Omicron sequences. Conclusion Statewide SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance allows for continued characterization of locally circulating variants and monitoring of viral evolution. Such data guide public health policies, inform the local health force, and mitigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on public health. Disclosures Rami Kantor, MD, Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support.

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Cruz-Sanchez, Margarita, Benjamin Gallo Marin, Marcela Osorio, Maranatha Teferi, Ann Ding, Matthew Lorenz et Ian C. Michelow. « 625. Association of Eosinophilia with Parasites in Rhode Island Refugees, 2015-2020 ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 10, Supplement_2 (27 novembre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad500.691.

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Abstract Background Newly arrived refugees in the United States have high rates of parasitic infections that may contribute to morbidity and mortality. There is little consensus on testing for eosinophils to screen for parasites. We hypothesized that eosinophilia was a useful biomarker for various parasites that could help guide the management of refugees in the future. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of all pediatric and adult refugees attending the only three refugee clinics in Rhode Island from 01/2015 to 12/2020. Individuals whose initial evaluation was delayed or took place in another state were excluded. Data were systematically collated in RedCap, and descriptive statistics were performed. Results Of 812 eligible refugees, 147 (18.1%) had eosinophilia ( ⪰ 450/uL). The majority of refugees (505, 62.2%) were from Africa, 242 (29.8%) from Asia, 32 (3.9%) each from the Americas, Europe, and 1 (0.1%) from Australia. Eosinophilia was mild (450-1499/uL) in 113 (76.9%), moderate (1500-4999/uL) in 30 (20.4%), and severe ( ⪰ 5000/uL) in 4 refugees (2.7%)(Table 1). The prevalence of symptoms ranged from none (bloody stools) to 17.1% (abdominal pain). 48 (32.7%) refugees with eosinophilia tested positive for a parasite in their stool by O&P and/or PCR assay. The most prevalent organisms were Giardia (n=25) and Blastocystis hominis (n=22). An additional 22 (15%) tested positive for Schistosoma or Strongyloides (Table 2). Forty-six (31.3%) refugees with eosinophilia were treated with antiparasitic agents. Sixty-three (42.9%) had no follow-up eosinophil tests. Of the 84 patients who did have monitoring of their eosinophilia during the first year after arriving in the US, eosinophilia resolved in only 53 (64.6%). One patient (0.7%) had a severe complication: Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome. Five patients (3.4%) received alternative diagnoses that explained their eosinophilia, including eczema, myelofibrosis, and a drug allergy. Conclusion Eosinophilia occurred in almost 1/5 of newly arrived refugees in RI. Diagnostic, therapeutic, and follow-up practices varied substantially. Approximately 1/3 of evaluable refugees had persistent eosinophilia at one year. A standardized screening approach for eosinophilia is needed to inform appropriate management. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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« ECR Spotlight – Zoe Dellaert ». Journal of Experimental Biology 226, n^o 17 (1 septembre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.246532.

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ECR Spotlight is a series of interviews with early-career authors from a selection of papers published in Journal of Experimental Biology and aims to promote not only the diversity of early-career researchers (ECRs) working in experimental biology during our centenary year, but also the huge variety of animals and physiological systems that are essential for the ‘comparative’ approach. Zoe Dellaert is an author on ‘ Reconciling the variability in the biological response of marine invertebrates to climate change’, published in JEB. Zoe is a PhD student in the lab of Dr Hollie Putnam at the University of Rhode Island, USA, investigating molecular mechanisms of the responses of reef-building corals to climate change and environmental stressors at organismically relevant scales.

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Gargano, Lisa M., et Dora M. Dumont. « 2347. Factors Associated with COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccine Coadministration in Rhode Island ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 10, Supplement_2 (27 novembre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad500.1969.

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Abstract Background Co-administration of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines has several advantages, has been advocated by various public health authorities, and should be seen as an opportunity to increase the uptake of both vaccines. Co-administration of vaccines has a substantial role to play in decreasing the number of consultations or provider visits and hence missed opportunities and can increase timeliness of vaccination. The objective of this analysis was to examine factors associated with COVID-19 and influenza vaccine co-administration in Rhode Island (RI). Methods Data were from the RI Child and Adult Immunization Registry (RICAIR), which maintains records of all vaccinations administered in the state. Dates of vaccination were from September 1, 2022-March 30, 2023, corresponding with the availability of influenza vaccine in RI. Co-administration was defined as receipt of COVID-19 and influenza vaccine on the same day. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between selected factors and location of co-administration. Results There were 473,872 individuals who received either a COVID-19 and/or influenza vaccine during the study period. Of those, 205,486 received both vaccines, of whom 95,599 received both vaccines on the same day. Adults 19-64 years were less likely to receive both vaccines compared to adults 65+ years (42.8% vs. 59.0%), but of those who did, a greater proportion (52.1% vs. 39.8%; p-value < 0.0001) received them on the same day. Compared to other race/ethnicity groups, Hispanic/Latinos were the least likely to get both vaccines (24.9%), but they were the most likely to get them co-administered (53.4%). Of those who received both COVID-19 and influenza vaccines in the same day, 70.0% were vaccinated at a pharmacy, compared to 22.2% at a primary care provider (PCP). Non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanic/Latinos had higher odds of receiving same day vaccines from their PCP versus a pharmacy than non-Hispanic Whites (AOR 2.7 [95% CI 2.5-2.9] and 5.0 [95% CI: 4.7-5.3], respectively). Conclusion These data demonstrate a willingness to co-administer vaccines among adults. Identifying groups that are less likely to co-administer vaccines and understanding behaviors around where people are getting co-administered will aid in outreach and education efforts. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Feler, Joshua, Radmehr Torabi, Krisztina Moldovan, Jonathan Poggi, Elias Shaaya, Matthew Anderson, Cameron Ayala, Ankush Bajaj, Silas Monje et Curt Doberstein. « Initial experience with transcarotid arterial revascularization with flow reversal in the management of symptomatic carotid stenosis ». Journal of Neurosurgery, 1 avril 2023, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2023.2.jns222377.

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OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of transcarotid arterial revascularization (TCAR) as a viable intervention in the treatment of symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of the first 62 consecutive patients treated at Rhode Island Hospital in Providence, Rhode Island, who underwent a TCAR for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis between November 11, 2020, and March 31, 2022. Relevant demographic, comorbidity, and perioperative data were extracted through retrospective chart review. Patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis were excluded. The authors also evaluated patients using pertinent physiological and anatomical high-risk criteria as described in the ROADSTER trial. Risk factors were aggregated to form a composite risk total for every patient. The primary outcome of this study was the 30-day adverse outcome rate of stroke, myocardial infarction, and/or death. Periprocedural stroke was identified by clinical symptoms and radiographic findings. Secondary endpoints included device and procedural success, 30-day mortality, 30-day stroke rate, and postoperative complications. RESULTS The authors analyzed the first 62 patients with > 50% symptomatic carotid artery stenosis who underwent TCAR at their institution. The mean age of the cohort was 71.5 years, and the cohort was predominantly male (67.7%). The most common high-risk medical criteria were age older than 75 years (45.3%) and severe coronary artery disease (13.6%). The most common anatomical high-risk criteria were high bifurcation (35.1%) and contralateral stenosis requiring treatment within 30 days (15.8%). Fifty percent of patients had at least 1 medical high-risk criterion, 50% had at least 1 anatomical risk criterion, and 82% of patients had 2 or more high-risk criteria of any kind. Among this group, all patients (100%) underwent successful revascularization, with 1 (1.6%) requiring intraprocedural conversion to carotid endarterectomy. Postprocedurally, there was 1 nondisabling stroke (1.6%) and 3 deaths (4.8%) within 30 days of the procedure, with only 1 death directly attributable to the procedure. One patient (1.6%) experienced a neck hematoma. In total, 4 patients (6.5%) experienced a major complication. The overall complication rate was 8.0%. CONCLUSIONS The authors’ initial experience with TCAR suggests that it might provide an effective alternative to carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting in the management of symptomatic carotid stenosis in patients with high-risk anatomical and medical characteristics.

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Lauder, Landon H. « Cruising Boston and Providence : The roles of place and desire for reflexive queer research(ers) ». Ethnography, 10 février 2022, 146613812110674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14661381211067457.

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Feminist methodological interventions have advanced our understanding of reflexivities, leading us to question our own positions and intersections in relation to the field and those we study. More recent methodological contributions from queer authors add notions of fluid researcher identities and researcher erotics to reflexivities. However, such interventions frame reflexivity as a research practice applied to the research process or occurrences in the field. This article argues for a continuous, although never complete, use of reflexivity that addresses the researcher’s personal desires and orientations—there before the research started—that can influence what topics we study, the questions we ask, the methods and sites we choose, how we interact with others in the field, and our analyses. I use ethnographic data on gay and queer spaces in Boston, Massachusetts, and Providence, Rhode Island, to demonstrate the utility of this reflexivity, especially for sex research.

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Zimmerman, Mark, Madeline Ward, Catherine D'Avanzato et Julianne Wilner Tirpak. « Telehealth Treatment of Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder in a Partial Hospital Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic : Comparative Safety, Patient Satisfaction, and Effectiveness of In-Person Treatment ». Journal of Personality Disorders, 8 novembre 2021, 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2021_35_539.

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There are no studies of the safety and effectiveness of telehealth psychiatric treatment of partial hospital level of care, in general, and for borderline personality disorder (BPD) in particular. In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project, the authors compared the effectiveness of their partial hospital treatment program in treating patients with BPD. For both the in-person and telehealth partial hospital level of care, patients with BPD were highly satisfied with treatment and reported a significant reduction in symptoms from admission to discharge. Both groups reported a significant improvement in functioning, coping ability, positive mental health, and general well-being. A large effect size of treatment was found in both treatment groups. No patients attempted suicide. Telehealth partial hospital treatment was as effective as in-person treatment in terms of patient satisfaction, symptom reduction, and improved functioning and well-being for patients with BPD.

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« ECR Spotlight – Emma Strand ». Journal of Experimental Biology 227, n^o 11 (1 juin 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.248033.

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ECR Spotlight is a series of interviews with early-career authors from a selection of papers published in Journal of Experimental Biology and aims to promote not only the diversity of early-career researchers (ECRs) working in experimental biology but also the huge variety of animals and physiological systems that are essential for the ‘comparative’ approach. Emma Strand is an author on ‘ Coral species-specific loss and physiological legacy effects are elicited by an extended marine heatwave’, published in JEB. Emma conducted the research described in this article while a PhD candidate in Dr Hollie Putnam's lab at University of Rhode Island, Kingston, USA. She is now a postdoctoral scientist in the lab of Tim O'Donnell at Gloucester Marine Genomics Institute, Gloucester, MA, USA, investigating sustainable fisheries and aquaculture, focused on developing genomic tools to advance research-based sustainable management of marine environments, and climate change resilience, focused on investigating how marine organisms respond to rapidly changing environments.

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Nagel, Katherine E., Vladimir Novitsky, Su Aung, Matthew Solomon, Cindy Won, Amy Brotherton, Mark Howison, Fizza S. Gillani et Rami Kantor. « 1271. HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Patients Failing Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-Based Regimens in Rhode Island, USA ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 9, Supplement_2 (1 décembre 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac492.1102.

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Abstract Background Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs) are the most common antiretroviral therapy (ART) anchor drugs. Despite reassuring clinical trial data, real-life extent and characteristics of resistance at failure of INSTI-based regimens are unclear and can inform care. Methods We investigated drug resistance upon failure of INSTI-based regimens at the largest HIV program in Rhode Island (RI), caring for > 80% of the state’s people with HIV. Eligible patients had full ART history, were on INSTI-based regimens, and had available protease-reverse transcriptase-integrase sequences from clinical care. Resistance interpretation was done with Stanford Database tools. Results Of 1,169 eligible patients (55% of clinic population), 102 (9%) were failing INSTI-based regimens; mean age at genotyping 39 years, CD4 377 cells/µL, and 11 years on ART; 67% male; 53% white, 44% Black, 63% non-Hispanic; 58% US born; with prior exposure to 8 drugs and 4 regimens. Of these 102, 55% were on 1st-generation INSTI (41% elvitegravir (EVG); 14% raltegravir (RAL)), and 45% on 2nd-generation INSTI (23% bictegravir (BIC); 22% dolutegravir (DTG)); most (73%) with only 2 NRTIs. Overall, 57% had any intermediate-high level predicted resistance (55% on 1st-, 45% on 2nd-generation INSTI); NRTI 37%; NNRTI 40%; PI 3%; INSTI 22% (EVG 22%, RAL 21%, DTG/BIC/cabotegravir 8% each). Common INSTI mutations were N155H (n=7); E92Q, Q148H/R, S147G (5 each); T66I/K, E138A/K/T (4 each); G140A/S (3), R263K (2), Y143R (1). Multi (≥ 3) class resistance occurred in 12%, a third of whom had intermediate-high resistance to all five INSTIs (50% on 1st-, 50% on 2nd-generation). Resistance trends were stable over 2014-2021, and 2nd-generation INSTI resistance was only seen in those with prior exposure to 1st-generation INSTI. Conclusion At the largest RI HIV clinic, 9% of eligible patients were failing INSTI-based regimens, most with clinically relevant resistance that was stable over time, and 1% had multi-class resistance including some to all available INSTIs. Though low resistance levels to 2nd-generation INSTIs are encouraging, they exist; and continued ADR monitoring is important, particularly with increasing incorporation of INSTIs in HIV treatment and prevention and use of 2-drug regimens. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.

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Goldstein, Eric D., et Shadi Yaghi. « Symptomatic Non-stenotic Atherosclerotic Disease in Small Subcortical Infarcts : A North American Pilot Study ». Neurohospitalist, 2 novembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19418744231212999.

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Recent small subcortical infarcts (SSI) are a common radiographic predecessor to lacunar stroke. SSI is comprised of several pathophysiologic processes such as branch atherosclerotic disease (BAD) and lipohyalinosis, both of which have differing outcomes and natural history. Presently, there is not a proven method to determine whether a SSI is due to BAD or lipohyalinosis in non-stenotic vessels. However, high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HRVWI) has been reported in East Asian cohorts. We aimed to use HRVWI to identify individuals with BAD-related SSI in a North American cohort. We performed a cross-sectional study from the Rhode Island Hospital. All patients had a SSI as defined by consensus criteria. The presence of vessel wall enhancement of parent vessels were reviewed by two authors. Standard descriptive statistical techniques were used. Of 28 patients who underwent HRVWI, 7 met criteria for SSI. The median age was 68 years and 3 were female. Parent vessel wall enhancement was present in 2 patients. In our North American cohort, HRVWI was able to dichotomize individuals based on parent vessel wall enhancement suggestive of a BAD-related SSI. Further studies are needed to expand our cohort size and confirm our findings.

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Khanna, Aditya, Vladimir Novitsky, August Guang, Mark Howison, Fizza S. Gillani, Jon Steingrimsson, Casey Dunn et al. « 2899. Integrating HIV Partner Services and Molecular Epidemiology Data to Enhance HIV Transmission Disruption in Rhode Island : Findings from a Public Health-Academic Partnership ». Open Forum Infectious Diseases 10, Supplement_2 (27 novembre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad500.170.

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Abstract Background HIV remains a significant public health concern. Both contact tracing (identifying and notifying partners of people diagnosed with HIV) and molecular epidemiology (phylogenetic inference and cluster detection), are used to disrupt transmission. Integration of both modalities may be synergistic, though it is not evaluated or implemented routinely. Methods To assess whether integrating HIV contact tracing and molecular epidemiology data are more informative for public health than using each separately, we evaluated concordance between a statewide public health contact tracing database (CTDB) collected in 2008-2021 and handled by the Rhode Island Department of Health, and a statewide individual-level HIV-1 pol sequence database (SDB) collected in 2004-2021 by Brown University investigators. Molecular clusters were identified using at least one of seven common phylogenetic methods. Concordance (overlap in persons appearing in both databases) was evaluated using the Jaccard Similarity Coefficient (JSC). Results The CTDB included disease intervention specialist interview data from 2469 unique persons (2468 newly diagnosed; 1458 named partners) and the SDB included sequences from 3266 persons. There were 920 persons who appeared in both databases, while 2346/3266 (72%) appeared in the SDB but not CTDB, and 1549/2469 (63%) appeared in the CTDB but not SDB. Of the 351 molecular clusters identified, 156 (44%) consisted of persons also in the CTDB. The JSC between the SDB and CTDB was 0.19. Of the 920 persons in both databases, 509 newly diagnosed persons provided partner data and 63% (320/509) of those clustered phylogenetically. Of the 156 named partners of these 509, 76% (118/156) clustered phylogenetically. Cluster sizes ranged from 2-31 (mean = 3.4), of which a mean of 0.20 partners were named in the CTDB. Conclusion Integration between molecular epidemiology and contact tracing data may be synergistic to disrupt HIV transmission given the only moderate concordance between them. The existing concordance between the databases allows better characterization of the local HIV epidemic, while the discordance suggests data incompleteness in both databases, informing public health towards investigations to disrupt transmission. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Pugazenthi, Sangami, Miguel A. Hernandez-Rovira, Alexander S. Fabiano, James L. Rogers, Avi A. Gajjar, Raj Swaroop Lavadi, Galal A. Elsayed et al. « Mapping the geographic migration of United States neurosurgeons across training and current practice regions : associations with academic productivity ». Journal of Neurosurgery, 1 mars 2023, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2023.1.jns222269.

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OBJECTIVE Characterizing changes in the geographic distribution of neurosurgeons in the United States (US) may inform efforts to provide a more equitable distribution of neurosurgical care. Herein, the authors performed a comprehensive analysis of the geographic movement and distribution of the neurosurgical workforce. METHODS A list containing all board-certified neurosurgeons practicing in the US in 2019 was obtained from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons membership database. Chi-square analysis and a post hoc comparison with Bonferroni correction were performed to assess differences in demographics and geographic movement throughout neurosurgeon careers. Three multinomial logistic regression models were performed to further evaluate relationships among training location, current practice location, neurosurgeon characteristics, and academic productivity. RESULTS The study cohort included 4075 (3830 male, 245 female) neurosurgeons practicing in the US. Seven hundred eighty-one neurosurgeons practice in the Northeast, 810 in the Midwest, 1562 in the South, 906 in the West, and 16 in a US territory. States with the lowest density of neurosurgeons included Vermont and Rhode Island in the Northeast; Arkansas, Hawaii, and Wyoming in the West; North Dakota in the Midwest; and Delaware in the South. Overall, the effect size, as measured by Cramér’s V statistic, between training stage and training region is relatively modest at 0.27 (1.0 is complete dependence); this finding was reflected in the similarly modest pseudo R2 values of the multinomial logit models, which ranged from 0.197 to 0.246. Multinomial logistic regression with L1 regularization revealed significant associations between current practice region and residency region, medical school region, age, academic status, sex, or race (p < 0.05). On subanalysis of the academic neurosurgeons, the region of residency training correlated with an advanced degree type in the overall neurosurgeon cohort, with more neurosurgeons than expected holding Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in the West (p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Female neurosurgeons were less likely to practice in the South, and neurosurgeons in the South and West had reduced odds of holding academic rather than private positions. The Northeast was the most likely region to contain neurosurgeons who had completed their training in the same locality, particularly among academic neurosurgeons who did their residency in the Northeast.

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