Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Rhéologie des failles »
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Thèses sur le sujet "Rhéologie des failles"
Shu, Weiwei. « Analogical modelling of frictional slip on faults : implications for induced and triggered seismicity ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAH004.
Texte intégralThe multi-scale roughness of a fault interface is responsible for multiple asperities that establish a complex and discrete set of real contacts. Since asperities control the initiation and evolution of the fault slip, it is important to explore the intrinsic relationships between the collective behavior of local asperities and the frictional stability of the global fault. Here we propose a novel analog experimental approach, which allows us to capture the temporal evolution of the slip of each asperity on a faulting interface. We find that many destabilizing events at the local asperity scale occurred in the slip-strengthening stage which is conventionally considered as the stable regime of a fault. We compute the interseismic coupling to evaluate the slipping behaviors of asperities during the slip-strengthening stage. We evidence that the interseismic coupling can be affected by the elastic interactions between asperities through the embedding soft matrix. Scaling laws of natural slow slip events are reproduced by our setup in particular the moment-duration scaling
Bernaudin, Maxime. « Rhéologie des failles lithosphériques : vers une compréhension géologique et mécanique de la zone de transition sismique-asismique ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT145/document.
Texte intégralThese last twenty years, the development of dense and highly sensitive seismologic and geodetic networks permits the discovery of new geophysical signals named non-volcanic tremor (Obara 2002) and slow slip events (Dragert et al., 2001). The combination of non-volcanic tremor and transient slow slip is commonly observed at plate interface, between locked/seismogenic zone at low depths and stable/ductile creep zone at larger depths (Dragert et al., 2004). This association defines episodic tremor and slip, systematically highlighted by over-pressurized fluids and near failure shear stress conditions. In this thesis we propose to combine a microstructural analysis of exhumed rocks with a modeling approach in order to accurately reproduce and understand the physics of episodic tremor and slip.We focus on continental rocks from the East Tenda Shear Zone (Corsica, France), a kilometer-wide localized Alpine shear zone that record HP/LT deformation (10kb / 400-450°C, Gueydan et al., 2003). Such pressure-temperature conditions are consistent with the location of episodic tremor and slip in subduction zone. Microstructural and EBSD analyses on these rocks describe a pattern of strain localization in centimeter-scale shear zones guiding by a grain size-sensitive creep. Microfracturing of the strong phase (feldspar here) and the sealing of these microfractures act, respectively, as grain size decrease and grain size increase processes.Most of recent modeling approaches of episodic tremor and slip are based on the rate-and-state variable friction law, describing slow slip event and non-volcanic tremor as slow shear slip on a plane. In contrast with such models, we wish to model the entire rock volume, with a ductile grain size-sensitive rheology guided by our microstructural observations (e.g. microfracturing and sealing as grain size variation processes). We hypothesize that slow slip events may result from ductile strain localization and not transient slip on fractures. Fluid pumping during strain localization may trigger whole rock fracturing at near lithostatic conditions that can be the signature of non-volcanic tremor. The 1D numerical model presented here will allow us to validate these assumptions.We also can predict pore fluid pressure variation as a function of changes in porosity/permeability and strain rate-dependent fluid pumping following the Darcy’s flow law. The fluid-enhanced dynamic evolution of microstructure defines cycles of ductile strain localization related to the increase in pore fluid pressure. We show that slow slip events can be ductile processes related to transient strain localization, while non-volcanic tremor can correspond to fracturing of the whole rock at peak of pore fluid pressure. Our model shows that the availability of fluids and the efficiency of fluid pumping control the occurrence of episodic tremor and slip. We also well predict the temperature and depth ranges of episodic tremor and slip: 400-500°C and 30-50 km in subduction zones and ~500°C and 15-30 km in strike slip settings, consistent with natural examples.As simplistic as it is, our field-guided mechanical model well describe, at first order, the relation between high pore fluid pressure, grain size-sensitive rheology and episodic tremor and slip. Some efforts remain to be done like a real fit of geophysical data (GPS) or the introduction of the new mineralogical assemblage, such as mafic rocks to reproduce oceanic environment
Richard, Pascal. « Champs de failles au dessus d'un décrochement de socle : modélisation expérimentale ». Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675425.
Texte intégralLecomte, Emmanuel. « Détachements et failles normales à faible pendage : cinématique et localisation de la déformation. Approche de terrain et modélisation numérique. Exemple des Cyclades ». Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066470.
Texte intégralDelescluse, Matthias. « Déformation intraplaque de la lithosphère océanique indo-australienne : cinématique, réactivation et serpentinisation ». Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112239.
Texte intégralThe intraplate deformation between India and Australia is a notable exception to the classical rigid plate assumption. Using GPS positioning and principal axes from earthquakes focal mechanisms, we derive the instantaneous deformation and velocity fields. We show that Australia drives the initiation of deformation. Seismic profiles acquired in the region allow the datation of the onset of deformation around 9 Ma. The instantaneous kinematics is in good agreement with a continuum of deformation since that time. A large heat flow anomaly is observed in the equatorial Central Indian Basin at the heart of the deformed area. Thermal models show that the exothermic serpentinization of the oceanic mantle peridotites is the most probable source of the thermal anomaly. Hydration of the ocenaic mantle through faults is however a consequence of deformation and not a cause, which does not explain the localization of faults. Reactivation of normal faults from the oceanic fabric seems ubiquitous in the area and it could be a suitable localization mechanism. However, only a selection of faults are still active today. This selective abandonment is reproduced using a 2D finite element model of lithosphere shortening where strain weakening is followed by strain-rate weakening when faults are mature enough. At shorter time-scales, significant reactivation of transform faults happened in the Wharton Basin after the Aceh and Nias subduction earthquakes. We show that these earthquakes trigger preferentially strik-slip faults and inhibit reverse faults
Lecomte, Emmanuel. « Détachements et failles normales a faible pendage : cinématique et localisation de la déformation, approche de terrain et modélisation numérique. Exemple des Cyclades ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567978.
Texte intégralCavalié, Olivier. « Mesures InSAR et modélisation de faibles déformations d'origine anthropique (lac Mead, USA) ou tectonique (faille de Haiyuan, Chine) ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00661442.
Texte intégralMendes, Simao Nuno. « Sismicité de la Dorsale Médio-Atlantique dans la région MoMAR à l'échelle régionale, observé par des hydrophones autonomes ». Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586976.
Texte intégralPinto, Victor Hugo. « Linking tectonic evolution with fluid history in hyperextended rifted margins : examples from the fossil Alpine and Pyrenean rift systems, and the present-day Iberia rifted margin ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH018/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis focus in the identification of geochemical tracers and effects of fluid that interact with basement and sedimentary rocks in hyperextended systems. The investigation of such fluids is based on geological observation, geochemical analyses and geophysical data from fossil hyperextended rift systems exposed in the Alps and in the West Pyrenees, and the present-day distal margins of Iberia and Newfoundland. Two types of fluids were identified during this study. The first type, referred to as continental crust-related fluids, has a signature of Si and Ca. The second type, referred to as mantle-related fluids, has a signature of Si, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ca, Ni, Cr and V. The fluid percolation is strongly related to the formation of extensional detachment faults and the evolution of hyperextended systems. Fluid flow in these systems has major implications for the nature of sediments, rheological changes and chemical modifications of the Earth’s reservoirs throughout its evolution
Mezri, Leila. « Rôle des fluides pendant l'exhumation continentale : modélisation hydro-thermo-mécanique ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066175.
Texte intégralStrain localization is essential to the existence of plate tectonic on Earth. Yet, it is the result of non-linear interaction across several temporal and spatial scales and to date no unique rheological model exists that captures the effect of all these interactions at crustal scale. The work presented here is an attempt to fill part of the gap between out- crop scale and crustal scale models, between petrological scale and crustal scale. The central question is how to measure the effects of fluids and fluid-rock interactions on the dynamics and the kinematics of continental metamorphic core complexes by the mean of crustal scale numerical models. To answer this question, we have tried to esta- blish an empirical model of fluid flow and fluid-rock interaction, which could be valid at the scale of the crust. At that specific scale, it is important to capture the effects of free fluids both on the density of rocks, because it determines the body forces that are driving the exhumation of the crust, and on the strength of rocks and particularly on shear zones which constitute the ’hand-break’, the surface tractions, which resist this exhumation. This empirical model is based on a first order observation related to the behaviour of metamorphic rocks along the retrograde P − T path of their exhumation. High-grade metamorphic rocks (amphibolite/granulite) are indeed exhumed to the sur- face with very little retromorphose except those located within the shear bands where deformation localises. This works first consisted in parameterising this observation in a manner that could be implemented into a 2D thermo-mechanical code as an hydro- thermo-mechanical coupling which could account for free-water/rock-water exchange. In second part, a simplified scheme is introduced to account for hydrothermal cooling of the crust in the late stage of exhumation. The results show that this parameterization al- lows to better account for field observation in a range of parameters that are compatible with laboratory experiments. Limiting the retromorphose of rocks by the availability of free water is shown to produce significantly different metamorphic domes kinematics as compared to prior studies. We indeed demonstrate that it is not necessary to introduce heterogeneity in crustal composition to form asymmetric structures but that the effect of water is modulated by the chemistry of the protolith rocks which influences strain localization