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Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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1

Senowbari-Daryan, Baba, et Michael Link. « Foraminifera from the Norian–Rhaetian reef carbonates of the Taurus Mountains (Saklıkent, Turkey) ». Geologica Carpathica 68, no 4 (1 août 2017) : 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2017-0021.

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AbstractNorian–Rhaetian reef carbonates are exposed in several localities in Taurus Mountains. They predominately contain hypercalcified sponges, followed by scleractinian corals and other less numerous organisms. A coherent Norian–Rhaetian reef structure is exposed near the small town of Saklıkent, west of Antalya. Foraminifers occur in reef carbonates of Saklıkent by numerous genera as shown in this paper. Two species —Siculocosta tauricaandSiculocosta sadati— are described as new. The foraminiferal association of Saklıkent is similar or almost identical to the associations known from the Norian–Rhaetian reefs of Sicily, Northern Calcareous Alps, and Greece but shows less similarity to the foraminiferal association from the Apennines, Italy. The most abundant foraminifers are milioliporoids, particularly galeanellids and cucurbitids. Some sessile and agglutinated foraminifers, includingAlpinophragmium perforatumFlügel, which mostly occurs abundantly in the Norian–Rhaetian reef carbonates, could not be found in the Saklıkent reef. This association of foraminifera is reported for the first time from a Norian–Rhaetian reef in the Taurus Mountains of Turkey.
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Senowbari-Daryan, B., et G. D. Stanley. « Taxonomic affinities and paleogeography of Stromatomorpha californica Smith, a distinctive Upper Triassic reef-adapted demosponge ». Journal of Paleontology 83, no 5 (septembre 2009) : 783–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/08-146.1.

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Stromatomorpha californica Smith is a massive, calcified, tropical to subtropical organism of the Late Triassic that produced small biostromes and contributed in building some reefs. It comes from the displaced terranes of Cordilleran North America (Eastern Klamath terrane, Alexander terrane, and Wrangellia). This shallow-water organism formed small laminar masses and sometimes patch reefs. It was first referred to the order Spongiomorphidae but was considered to be a coral. Other affinities that have been proposed include hydrozoan, stomatoporoid, sclerosponge, and chambered sponge. Part of the problem was diagenesis that resulted in dissolution of the siliceous spicules and/or replaced them with calcite. Well-preserved dendroclone spicules found during study of newly discovered specimens necessitate an assignment of Stromatomorpha californica to the demosponge order Orchocladina Rauff. Restudy of examples from the Northern Calcareous Alps extends the distribution of this species to the Tethys, where it was an important secondary framework builder in Upper Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian) reef complexes. Revisions of Stromatomorpha californica produce much wider pantropical distribution, mirroring paleogeographic patterns revealed for other tropical Triassic taxa. Review of Liassic material from the Jurassic of Morocco, previously assigned to Stromatomorpha californica Smith var. columnaris Le Maitre, cannot be sustained. Species previously included in Stromatomorpha are: S. stylifera Frech (type species, Rhaetian), S. actinostromoides Boiko (Norian), S. californica Smith (Norian), S. concescui Balters (Ladinian-Carnian), S. pamirica Boiko (Norian), S. rhaetica Kühn (Rhaetian), S. stromatoporoides Frech, and S. tenuiramosa Boiko (Norian). Stromatomorpha rhaetica Kühn described from the Rhaetian of Vorarlberg, Austria shows no major difference from S. californica. An example described as S. oncescui Balters from the Ladinian-Carnian of the Rarau Mountains, Romania, is very similar to S. californica in exhibiting similar spicule types. However, because of the greater distance between individual pillars, horizontal layers, and the older age, S. oncescui is retained as a separate species. The net-like and regular skeleton of Spongiomorpha sanpozanensis Yabe and Sugiyama, from the Upper Triassic of Sambosan (Tosa, Japan), suggests a closer alliance with Stromatomorpha, and this taxon possibly could be the same as S. californica.
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Schlagintweit, Felix, et Wolfgang Pavlik. « New findings of halimedacean algae from the Late Triassic Dachstein Limestone of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Hochschwab Area, Styria, Austria) ». Geologia Croatica 61, no 2-3 (25 décembre 2008) : 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4154/gc.2008.13.

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Two taxa of halimedacean algae are recorded from the Upper Triassic lagoonal Dachstein Limestone (Norian-Rhaetian) of the Hochschwab area in the south-eastern part of the Northern Calcareous Alps of Austria. They are described in open nomenclature as Halimeda? sp. 1 and Halimeda? sp. 2. In contrast to the widespread occurrence of dasycladacean algae, representatives of Halimedaceans are very rare. These findings are the second record in the Northern Calcareous Alps since FLÜGEL (1975).
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Gale, Luka, Bogomir Celarc, Marcello Caggiati, Tea Kolar-Jurkovšek, Bogdan Jurkovšek et Piero Gianolla. « Paleogeographic significance of Upper Triassic basinal succession of the Tamar Valley, northern Julian Alps (Slovenia) ». Geologica Carpathica 66, no 4 (1 août 2015) : 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2015-0025.

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AbstractThe Julian Alps (western Slovenia) structurally belong to the eastern Southern Alps. The Upper Triassic succession mostly consists of shallow water platform carbonates of the Dolomia Principale-Dachstein Limestone system and a deep water succession of the Slovenian Basin outcropping in the southern foothills of the Julian Alps. In addition to the Slovenian Basin, a few other intraplatform basins were present, but they remain poorly researched and virtually ignored in the existing paleogeographic reconstructions of the eastern Southern Alps. Herein, we describe a deepening-upward succession from the Tamar Valley (north-western Slovenia), belonging to the Upper Triassic Tarvisio Basin. The lower, Julian-Tuvalian part of the section comprises peritidal to shallow subtidal carbonates (Conzen Dolomite and Portella Dolomite), and an intermediate carbonate-siliciclastic unit, reflecting increased terrigenous input and storm-influenced deposition (Julian-lowermost Tuvalian shallow-water marlstone and marly limestone of the Tor Formation). Above the drowning unconformity at the top of the Portella Dolomite, Tuvalian well-bedded dolomite with claystone intercalations follows (Carnitza Formation). The latter gradually passes into the uppermost Tuvalian–lowermost Rhaetian bedded dolomite with chert and slump breccias, deposited on a slope and/or at the toe-of-slope (Bača Dolomite). Finally, basinal thin-bedded bituminous limestone and marlstone of Rhaetian age follow (Frauenkogel Formation). The upper part of the Frauenkogel Formation contains meter-scale platform-derived limestone blocks, which are signs of platform progradation. The Tarvisio Basin may have extended as far as the present Santo Stefano di Cadore area, representing a notable paleogeographic unit at the western Neotethys margin.
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Gerdol, Renato, et Luca Bragazza. « Syntaxonomy and community ecology of mires in the Rhaetian Alps (Italy) ». Phytocoenologia 31, no 2 (22 juin 2001) : 271–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/31/2001/271.

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Bechtel, Achim, Reinhard Gratzer et Gerd Rantitsch. « Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) mudstones (Kössen Formation) within the central Gailtal Alps (Eastern Alps, Austria) as potential hydrocarbon source rocks ». Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 222, no 3 (21 décembre 2001) : 427–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/222/2001/427.

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Granzow, Wolfgang. « Two new problematic microfossils from Norian and Rhaetian of the Allgäu-Alps ». Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 1989, no 2 (1 février 1989) : 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1989/1989/65.

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Muttoni, Giovanni, Dennis V. Kent, Flavio Jadoul, Paul E. Olsen, Manuel Rigo, Maria Teresa Galli et Alda Nicora. « Rhaetian magneto-biostratigraphy from the Southern Alps (Italy) : Constraints on Triassic chronology ». Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 285, no 1-2 (janvier 2010) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.10.014.

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Gale, Luka, Tea Kolar-Jurkovšek, Andrej Šmuc et Boštjan Rožič. « Integrated Rhaetian foraminiferal and conodont biostratigraphy from the Slovenian Basin, eastern Southern Alps ». Swiss Journal of Geosciences 105, no 3 (octobre 2012) : 435–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00015-012-0117-1.

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Scapozza, Cristian, Chantal Del Siro, Christophe Lambiel et Christian Ambrosi. « Schmidt hammer exposure-age dating of periglacial and glacial landforms in the Southern Swiss Alps based on <i>R</i>-value calibration using historical data ». Geographica Helvetica 76, no 4 (15 novembre 2021) : 401–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-76-401-2021.

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Abstract. As a contribution to the palaeoenvironmental history reconstruction of the Alpine periglacial domain, this study focuses on the Schmidt hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) of (peri-)glacial landforms using rebound-value (R-value) calibrations for 10 stations in the Scaradra glacier forefield (north-eastern part of the Ticino Canton, Lepontine Alps) and for 13 stations in the Splügenpass region (located between Switzerland and Italy, Rhaetian Alps). Linear calibration based on the known age of several moraines of the Scaradra glacier assessed by historical cartography allowed the reconstruction of the glacier fluctuations around the end of the Little Ice Age. Timing of deglaciation and of rock glacier development was defined in the Splügenpass region using the calibration of exposure ages based on two mule tracks built in 300 CE and 1250 CE, respectively. Discussion on R-value analysis and calibration improves the knowledge on the potential use of SHD for numerical-age dating in Alpine geomorphological studies.
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11

Schlagintweit, Felix, Sigrid Missoni et Hans-Juergen Gawlick. « Coptocampylodon ? rhaeticus n.sp., a New Problematic Microfossil (“incertae sedis”) from the Rhaetian Dachstein Limestone of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Germany, Austria) ». Geologia Croatica 55, no 2 (2002) : 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4154/gc.2002.12.

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A new problematic microfossil is described as Coptocampylodon? rhaeticus n.sp. from the Rhaetian Dachstein Limestone of the Northern Calcareous Alps. The new species is composed of a long cylindrical and an irregular rounded body, both showing narrow axial cavity. It is similar to Coptocampylodon? elliotti RADOIČIĆ 1969 from the Cenomanian of Montenegro, but lacks the longitudinal grooves in the cylindrical part. In the Alpine Dachstein Limestone it has been detected at several localities where it occurs as an abundant constituent of biosparitic limestones along with the benthic foraminifera Triasina hantkeni MAJZON, Aulotortus sinuosus WEYNSCHENK,Duostominidae and dasycladales Griphoporella curvata (GÜMBEL)and Diplopora adnetensis FLÜGEL.
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Lakew, Tesfaye. « Microfacies and cyclic sedimentation of the Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) Calcare di zu (Southern Alps) ». Facies 22, no 1 (décembre 1990) : 187–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02536952.

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13

Smiraglia, C. « The Medial Moraines of Ghiacciaio Dei Forni, Valtellina, Italy : Morphology and Sedimentology ». Journal of Glaciology 35, no 119 (1989) : 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214389793701428.

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AbstractTwo distinct medial moraines are located on the tongue of Ghiacciaio dei Forni (Rhaetian Alps, Italy); they are formed by the confluence of three ice streams. The two ice-cored medial moraines originate from rock outcrops situated below the snow line. The moraines, which on the surface comprise angular clasts, extend for approximately 2 km and reach a maximum height of 10 m. Nourishment of the moraines seems to be due primarily to the supraglacial debris derived from the rock walls. Measurements made in the late summer of 1985 provided evidence of the role played by differential ablation in the development of these moraines. Sedimentological analysis further confirmed the mainly supraglacial origin of the debris comprising the moraines.
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Gale, Luka. « Rhaetian foraminiferal assemblage from the Dachstein Limestone of Mt. Begunjščica (Košuta Unit, eastern Southern Alps) ». Geologija 55, no 1 (30 juin 2012) : 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2012.002.

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15

Oprčkal, Primož, Luka Gale, Tea Kolar-Jurkovšek et Boštjan Rožič. « Outcrop-scale evidence for the Norian-Rhaetian extensional tectonics in the Slovenian Basin (Southern Alps) ». Geologija 55, no 1 (30 juin 2012) : 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2012.003.

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Boštjan, Rožič, Gale Luka et Kolar-Jurkovšek Tea. « Extent of the Upper Norian – Rhaetian Slatnik Formation in the Tolmin Nappe, eastern Southern Alps ». Geologija 56, no 2 (30 décembre 2013) : 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2013.011.

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Kristan-Tollmann, Edith, et Vishwa J. Gupta. « Identidy of the lower Rhaetian microfauna of the Zlambach- and Kioto Marls (Eastern Alps - Himalaya) ». Newsletters on Stratigraphy 20, no 1 (20 décembre 1988) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/nos/20/1988/1.

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Leary, T. J. « Martial 14.100 : Panaca ». Classical Quarterly 47, no 1 (mai 1997) : 322–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/47.1.322.

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The wine referred to in the second line of the epigram was produced near Verona, at the foot of the Rhaetian Alps. It was well regarded by most and was a favourite of the Emperor Augustus: for references see Mynors at Verg. G. 2.96 and my note at Mart. 14.100.2. It appears, however, to have undue prominence in this poem, supposedly about the earthenware drinking vessels which, presumably, were manufactured in the same area.There is also the question of why Martial refers to Verona in such a circumlocutory way. Is he merely following a well established elegiac/epigrammatic convention in associating Verona with Catullus (cf. e.g. Ovid, Am. 3.15.7 and Mart. 1.7.2), or does his circumlocution here have any particular point?
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Demangel, Isaline, Zsófia Kovács, Silvia Gardin, Leopold Krystyn, Werner E. Piller, Andre Baldermann et Sylvain Richoz. « Fate of calcareous nannofossils during the Rhaetian (Late Triassic) : evidence from the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria ». Lethaia 56, no 1 (21 février 2023) : 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/let.56.1.5.

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Golzio, Alessio, Silvia Ferrarese, Claudio Cassardo, Gugliemina Adele Diolaiuti et Manuela Pelfini. « Land-Use Improvements in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model over Complex Mountainous Terrain and Comparison of Different Grid Sizes ». Boundary-Layer Meteorology 180, no 2 (28 avril 2021) : 319–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-021-00617-1.

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AbstractWeather forecasts over mountainous terrain are challenging due to the complex topography that is necessarily smoothed by actual local-area models. As complex mountainous territories represent 20% of the Earth’s surface, accurate forecasts and the numerical resolution of the interaction between the surface and the atmospheric boundary layer are crucial. We present an assessment of the Weather Research and Forecasting model with two different grid spacings (1 km and 0.5 km), using two topography datasets (NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission and Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010, digital elevation models) and four land-cover-description datasets (Corine Land Cover, U.S. Geological Survey land-use, MODIS30 and MODIS15, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer land-use). We investigate the Ortles Cevadale region in the Rhaetian Alps (central Italian Alps), focusing on the upper Forni Glacier proglacial area, where a micrometeorological station operated from 28 August to 11 September 2017. The simulation outputs are compared with observations at this micrometeorological station and four other weather stations distributed around the Forni Glacier with respect to the latent heat, sensible heat and ground heat fluxes, mixing-layer height, soil moisture, 2-m air temperature, and 10-m wind speed. The different model runs make it possible to isolate the contributions of land use, topography, grid spacing, and boundary-layer parametrizations. Among the considered factors, land use proves to have the most significant impact on results.
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Baroni, Carlo, Stefano Casale, Maria Cristina Salvatore, Susan Ivy-Ochs, Marcus Christl, Luca Carturan, Roberto Seppi et Alberto Carton. « Double response of glaciers in the Upper Peio Valley (Rhaetian Alps, Italy) to the Younger Dryas climatic deterioration ». Boreas 46, no 4 (21 septembre 2017) : 783–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bor.12284.

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Pecetti, L., M. Romani, P. Spoleto, A. Tosca, G. Della Marianna et F. Gusmeroli. « Morpho-physiological variation ofPoa alpinaL. genetic resources from the Rhaetian Alps, Italy, grown in two altitude-contrasting sites ». Grass and Forage Science 70, no 3 (8 septembre 2014) : 530–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12140.

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Mette, Wolfgang, Armin Elsler et Christoph Korte. « Palaeoenvironmental changes in the Late Triassic (Rhaetian) of the Northern Calcareous Alps : Clues from stable isotopes and microfossils ». Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 350-352 (septembre 2012) : 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.06.013.

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Pecetti, Luciano, Aldo Tava, Massimo Romani, Roberto Cecotti et Mariella Mella. « Variation in Terpene and Linear-Chain Hydrocarbon Content in Yarrow (Achillea millefoliumL.) Germplasm from the Rhaetian Alps, Italy ». Chemistry & ; Biodiversity 9, no 10 (octobre 2012) : 2282–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201200072.

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Baroni, Carlo, Salvatore Martino, Maria Cristina Salvatore, Gabriele Scarascia Mugnozza et Luca Schilirò. « Thermomechanical stress–strain numerical modelling of deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Adamello Group (Rhaetian Alps, Italy) ». Geomorphology 226 (décembre 2014) : 278–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.08.013.

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Cerrato, Riccardo, Maria Cristina Salvatore, Björn E. Gunnarson, Hans W. Linderholm, Luca Carturan, Michele Brunetti, Fabrizio De Blasi et Carlo Baroni. « A Pinus cembra L. tree-ring record for late spring to late summer temperature in the Rhaetian Alps, Italy ». Dendrochronologia 53 (février 2019) : 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2018.10.010.

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Gale, Luka. « Microfacies analysis of the Upper Triassic (Norian) "Bača Dolomite" : early evolution of the western Slovenian Basin (eastern Southern Alps, western Slovenia) ». Geologica Carpathica 61, no 4 (1 août 2010) : 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-010-0017-0.

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Microfacies analysis of the Upper Triassic (Norian) "Bača Dolomite": early evolution of the western Slovenian Basin (eastern Southern Alps, western Slovenia)The Slovenian Basin represents a Mesozoic deep-water sedimentary environment, situated on the southern Tethyan passive margin. Little is known about its earliest history, from the initial opening in the Carnian (probably Ladinian) to a marked deepening at the beginning of the Jurassic. The bulk of the sediment deposited during this period is represented by the Norian-Rhaetian "Bača Dolomite", which has, until now, been poorly investigated due to a late-diagenetic dolomitization. The Mount Slatnik section (south-eastern Julian Alps, western Slovenia) is one of a few sections where the dolomitization was incomplete. Detailed analysis of this section allowed us to recognize eight microfacies (MF): MF 1 (calcilutite), MF 2 (pelagic bivalve-radiolarian floatstone/wackestone to rudstone/packstone), MF 3 (dolomitized mudstone) with sub-types MF 3-LamB and MF 3-LamD (laminated mudstone found in a breccia matrix and laminated mudstone found in thin-bedded dolomites, respectively) and MF 3-Mix (mixed mudstone), MF 4 (bioturbated radiolarian-spiculite wackestone), MF 5 (fine peloidal-bioclastic packstone), MF 6 (very fine peloidal packstone), MF 7 (bioclastic wackestone) and MF 8 (crystalline dolomite). The microfacies and facies associations indicate a carbonate slope apron depositional environment with hemipelagic sedimentation punctuated by depositions from turbidites and slumps. In addition to the sedimentary environment, two "retrogradation-progradation" cycles were recognized, each with a shift of the depositional setting from an inner apron to a basin plain environment.
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Cerrato, Riccardo, Maria Cristina Salvatore, Björn E. Gunnarson, Hans W. Linderholm, Luca Carturan, Michele Brunetti et Carlo Baroni. « Pinus cembra L. tree-ring data as a proxy for summer mass-balance variability of the Careser Glacier (Italian Rhaetian Alps) ». Journal of Glaciology 66, no 259 (10 juin 2020) : 714–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.40.

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AbstractGlacial extent and mass balance are sensitive climate proxies providing solid information on past climatic conditions. However, series of annual mass-balance measurements of more than 60 years are scarce. To our knowledge, this is the first time the latewood density data (MXD) of the Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) have been used to reconstruct the summer mass balance (Bs) of an Alpine glacier. The MXD-based Bs well correlates with a Bs reconstruction based on the May to September temperature. Winter precipitation has been used as an independent proxy to infer the winter mass balance and to obtain an annual mass-balance (Bn) estimate dating back to the glaciological year 1811/12. The reconstructed MXD/precipitation-based Bn well correlates with the data both of the Careser and of other Alpine glaciers measured by the glaciological method. A number of critical issues should be considered in both proxies, including non-linear response of glacial mass balance to temperature, bedrock topography, ice thinning and fragmentation, MXD acquisition and standardization methods, and finally the ‘divergence problem’ responsible for the recently reduced sensitivity of the dendrochronological data. Nevertheless, our results highlight the possibility of performing MXD-based dendroglaciological reconstructions using this stable and reliable proxy.
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McROBERTS, CHRISTOPHER A., LEOPOLD KRYSTYN et ADRIEL SHEA. « RHAETIAN (LATE TRIASSIC) MONOTIS (BIVALVIA : PECTINOIDA) FROM THE EASTERN NORTHERN CALCAREOUS ALPS (AUSTRIA) AND THE END-NORIAN CRISIS IN PELAGIC FAUNAS ». Palaeontology 51, no 3 (mai 2008) : 721–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00776.x.

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HAUFFE, H. « Evolution of the chromosomal races ofMus musculus domesticusin the Rhaetian Alps : the roles of whole-arm reciprocal translocation and zonal raciation ». Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 62, no 2 (octobre 1997) : 255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bijl.1997.0153.

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Mette, Wolfgang, Marie-Emilie Clemence, Nicolas Thibault, Christoph Korte, Bernadette Konrad et Clemens Vinzenz Ullmann. « Sedimentology, carbon isotope stratigraphy and micropalaeontology of the Rhaetian Zlambach Formation– Implications for the Dachstein carbonate platform development (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria) ». Sedimentary Geology 382 (mars 2019) : 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.12.009.

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Pecetti, L., M. Romani, L. De Rosa, E. Franzini, G. Della Marianna, F. Gusmeroli, A. Tosca, R. Paoletti et E. Piano. « Variation in morphology and seed production of snow clover [Trifolium pratense L. subsp. nivale (Koch) Arcang.] germplasm from the Rhaetian Alps, Italy ». Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 55, no 7 (21 décembre 2007) : 939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-007-9301-y.

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Hauffe, Heidi C., et Jaroslav Piálek. « Evolution of the chromosomal races of Mus musculus domesticus in the Rhaetian Alps : the roles of whole-arm reciprocal translocation and zonal raciation ». Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 62, no 2 (octobre 1997) : 255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1997.tb01626.x.

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Sasvari, Agoston, Laura Davies, Andrew Mann, Jawad Afzal, Gabor Vakarcs et Eugene Iwaniw. « Dachstein-type Avroman Formation : An indicator of the Harsin Basin in Iraq ». GeoArabia 20, no 4 (1 octobre 2015) : 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia200417.

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ABSTRACT A field survey was carried out in 2012 focusing on the tectonic position and the role of Upper Triassic (Upper Norian–Rhaetian) Avroman Formation outcrops located in the Zalm area of Iraq, close to the Iraq-Iran border. At this location, the Cretaceous chert-bearing strata of the Qulqula Formation are overlain by sheared mafic bodies, which are in turn topped by the cliffs of the megalodontaceae-bearing Upper Triassic Avroman Formation. Similarities in lithology, sequence and tectonics position, suggest that the Triassic section of the Bisotoun Unit from the Kermanshah Zone of Iran can be used as a tectonic analogue of the Avroman Formation. According to our model, both the Avroman and the Bisotoun units formed an intra-oceanic carbonate platform, built-up by a characteristic megalodontaceae-bearing carbonate platform assemblage during the Late Triassic. The Harsin oceanic basin, which separated the Avroman-Bisotoun Platform from the Arabian Platform, was characterised by deep-marine sedimentation, the remnants of which form the Qulqula Formation in Iraq, and the Radiolaritic Nappe and the Harsin Mélange in the Kermanshah Zone. This tectonic setting is not unique; numerous authors suggest the existence of an oceanic rim basin, separating carbonate platform units (e.g. Oman ‘exotics’) from the Arabian Platform. The age of the deformation could be Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), but using analogues from Iran, a Palaeogene deformation also seems possible. The Avroman Formation was interpreted to be a Dachstein-type sediment, similar to the well-studied Dachstein Formation of the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. Rock units, with similar lithology, or identical depositional environment and macroscopic fauna, were described by numerous authors along the Neo-Tethys suture zone from Austria to Japan, and from several tectonic units along the Panthalassa margin. The implication of this correlation is important for future studies: using well-described type localities of the marine units from the Northern Calcareous Alps as a reference, it is possible to significantly extend the available background knowledge, and to gain better insight into the Triassic regional depositional environment of the Middle East.
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Pecetti, Luciano, Massimo Romani, Paola Spoleto, Alberto Tosca, Gianpaolo Della Marianna et Fausto Gusmeroli. « Effect of Geographic Origin and Ex Situ Growing Site on Phenology, Morphology, and Seed Yield of Yarrow (Achillea millefoliumL.) Germplasm from the Rhaetian Alps, Italy ». Restoration Ecology 22, no 4 (21 mai 2014) : 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.12099.

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Ochyra, Ryszard. « Bryoerythrophyllum alpigenum (Bryophyta, Pottiaceae) confirmed in the moss flora of Poland, with a review of the nomenclatural issues associated with this species name ». Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 58 (20 octobre 2020) : 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/fce.2021.58.01.

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Occurrence of Bryoerythrophyllum alpigenum (Jur.) P.C.Chen in Poland is confirmed. The species is known from a single record from the Western Tatra Mountains in the Polish Western Carpathians. A description and illustrations of the Polish material of this species is provided and its distribution mapped. Taxonomic and nomenclatural comments on B. alpigenum are presented and its global geographical distribution is reviewed. This species was first recognised as a variety, Didymodon rubellus var. dentatus Schimp., in 1860 by W. P. Schimper. It was subsequently described in 1882 by J. Juratzka as Didymodon alpigenus Jur., and its name should be ascribed to Juratzka alone, not to Venturi as suggested in Index muscorum and D. alpigenus Jur. is the basionym of Bryoerythrophyllum alpigenum. The epithet alpigenus appeared in the literature for the first time as Trichostomum alpigenum Venturi in Pfeffer’s work of 1869 dealing with the mosses of the Rhaetian Alps, but the name was not validly published under Art. 36.1, because Pfeffer did not accept it. Likewise, the name Didymodon alpigenus was not validly published by Venturi ten years later under Art. 38.1, because no description or diagnosis or a reference to a previously and effectively published description or diagnosis were provided. The current statistics of the moss flora of Poland is given. Since the publication of the catalogue of Polish mosses in 2003, some 17 species, one subspecies and three varieties of moss have been added to and two species were excluded from the moss flora of Poland, so currently some 715 species, nine subspecies and 90 varieties are known to occur in the country.
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Belloni, V., D. Fugazza et M. Di Rita. « UAV-BASED GLACIER MONITORING : GNSS KINEMATIC TRACK POST-PROCESSING AND DIRECT GEOREFERENCING FOR ACCURATE RECONSTRUCTIONS IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS ». International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2022 (30 mai 2022) : 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2022-367-2022.

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Abstract. Continuous monitoring of glaciers is of key importance to understand their morphological evolution over time and monitor the impact of climate change. Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have proven to be ideal candidates for glacier monitoring thanks to their flexibility and ease of processing with software packages. Traditionally, for high-accurate and geodetically relevant results, Ground Control Points (GCPs) need to be homogeneously distributed over the area of interest and manually identified in the imagery to guarantee accurate reconstructions. However, the GCP setup is always time consuming and, in many cases, a difficult operation due to logistic constraints. Nowadays, many UAVs offer GNSS Real Time Kinematic (RTK) capabilities that usually highly improve 3D reconstructions. However, there are circumstances in which an RTK solution cannot be directly achieved in the field. This is particularly frequent in challenging mountain environments such as glaciers. In such cases, post-processing UAV GNSS kinematic tracks could represent a powerful approach for improving the quality of 3D models. The goal of this work is to investigate the potential of UAV track post-processing combined with direct georeferencing for accurate 3D reconstructions without the need for GCPs in a complex environment of an Alpine glacier. The study area is Forni Glacier in the Rhaetian Alps, Italy. The data were acquired during two campaigns performed in August 2020 and August 2021 and include UAV images captured using a DJI Phantom 4 RTK and target positions measured with Leica GS18 I receivers. The data were processed using a pipeline entirely implemented in the Leica Infinity software that combines GNSS post-processing, a standard photogrammetric pipeline and a new tool to post-process GNSS kinematic tracks of UAVs. The approach based on UAV track post-processing and direct georeferencing was assessed using the acquired targets as Check Points (CPs) and compared to a standard photogrammetric approach in terms of glacier height loss computation. The results show Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) of the CPs below 4 cm for both the 2020 and 2021 campaigns. As for glacier height loss computation, the DPCs generated from the two surveys using a standard photogrammetric approach and a workflow based on UAV track post-processing and direct georeferencing were differentiated to compute the height differences of the glacier surfaces over one year. The two investigated approaches show similar results with an average height loss of 5 metres measured on the glacier tongue and demonstrate that UAV track post-processing can compensate for the RTK signal loss allowing accurate 3D reconstruction and eliminating the need for GCPs, especially if pre-calibration is performed.
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Goričan, Špela, Martin Đaković, Peter O. Baumgartner, Hans-Jürgen Gawlick, Tim Cifer, Nevenka Djerić, Aleksander Horvat, Anja Kocjančič, Duje Kukoč et Milica Mrdak. « Mesozoic basins on the Adriatic continental margin – a cross-section through the Dinarides in Montenegro / Mezozojski bazeni na kontinentalnem robu Jadranske plošče – presek čez Dinaride v Črni gori ». Folia biologica et geologica 63, no 2 (7 septembre 2022) : 85–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/fbg0099.

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The Dinarides, together with the Albanides and Hellenides, preserve stratigraphic successions derived from the eastern margin of the Adriatic microplate and remnants of ophiolites obducted from the Maliac-Vardar branch of the Neotethys Ocean. The main stages in the Mesozoic geodynamic history are: 1) rifting leading to opening of the Maliac Ocean in the Late Anisian, 2) onset of an east-dipping intra-oceanic subduction in the Early-Middle Jurassic and sea-floor spreading in a supra-subduction setting (Vardar Ocean), 3) formation of ophiolitic mélanges in trench-like basins, westward obduction of young supra-subduction ophiolites in the Middle-Late Jurassic and accumulation of flysch-type deposits in foreland basins in the latest Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, 4) subaerial exposure of the newly formed nappes followed by middle to Late Cretaceous transgression, and 5) continental collision in the Maastrichtian and Paleogene. On the continental margin, the Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic extension created a complex horst-and-graben geometry that is apparent in the stratigraphic record. The present day NW-SE striking tectonic units are in rough accordance with the Mesozoic paleogeography. Hence, the inferred configuration for the most complete SW to NE transect through Montenegro and Serbia is as follows: The Dalmatian Carbonate Platform, the Budva Basin, the High Karst Carbonate Platform, the Bosnian Basin, the Durmitor High, the Lim Basin, the Drina-Ivanjica High, and the deep-marine distal continental-margin domain. We present a short description of the stratigraphy for these tectonic/paleogeographic units and discuss their possible connection with other units of the Dinarides and Hellenides. The field guide focuses on deep-water deposits, in which radiolarians are the crucial tool for dating. We describe the complete Mesozoic succession of the Budva Zone, the Middle Triassic pelagic episode of the High Karst Zone, the Upper Triassic and Jurassic pelagic rocks of the Lim Zone and two localities with radiolarites associated with ophiolites. The largest part of the guide is devoted to the Budva Zone, a deeply rifted trough in the continuation of the Pindos Basin. The Budva Zone with its external location in the Dinaric orogen was a site of continuous pelagic sedimentation from the Middle Triassic to the end Cretaceous. Radiolarites characterize the Middle Triassic, Hettangian–Sinemurian, Aalenian to Tithonian, and Hauterivian–Barremian to lower Turonian; pelagic limestones prevail in the Upper Triassic, Berriasian–Valanginian and upper Turonian to Maastrichtian. Calcareous turbidites from the adjacent High Karst Carbonate Platform are interstratified in all units and completely replace radiolarites in the Pliensbachian. Pelagic sequences also occur in the High Karst Zone, but are confined to the Middle Triassic syn- and early post-rift deposits. A 20 m thick unit of Middle Triassic nodular limestone and radiolarite within shallow-water carbonates is a typical example. More internally, the western Ćehotina Subzone of the Lim Zone records pelagic sedimentation from the Middle Triassic to early Cretaceous, when synorogenic mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposition began. This zone has been less investigated than the Budva Zone. A 100 m thick Norian to Rhaetian succession of limestone with chert nodules is dated with conodonts. A Callovian-early Oxfordian age of lime-free cherts is determined with radiolarians. The Mihajlovići Subzone that may have been part of the Drina-Ivanjica paleogeographic unit shows Triassic shallow-water carbonates and a Jurassic deepening upward sequence ending with Oxfordian radiolarites. The last two field-trip stops show upper Bathonian-lower Callovian radiolarites in an ophiolitic mélange and upper Anisian radiolarites in direct contact with basalt. These ages, obtained in the south-westernmost ophiolite remnants of the Dinarides, agree with previously documented ophiolite ages in the wider region. In comparison with the Southern Alps and the Apennines, pelagic deposits of the Dinarides are characterized by an earlier onset and considerably higher proportions of silica with respect to carbonate throughout the Mesozoic. The Dinaric basins were connected with the central Neotethys, where the high fertility of surface waters enabled radiolarite formation since the oceanisation (Anisian or earlier) until the early Late Cretaceous, when planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton began to dominate worldwide. Key words: Dinarides, Neotethys, radiolarites, continental margin, ophiolitic mélange IZVLEČEK V Dinaridih, Albanidih in Helenidih so ohranjena stratigrafska zaporedja vzhodnega roba Jadranske mikroplošče in ostanki ofiolitov, narinjenih na kontinent iz oceana Maliak-Vardar, ki je bil del Neotetide. Glavne stopnje v mezozojski geodinamični evoluciji tega ozemlja so bile: 1) rifting, ki je v zgornjem aniziju privedel do odprtja oceana Maliak, 2) v spodnji do srednji juri začetek intraoceanske subdukcije in raztezanje oceanskega dna v suprasubdukcijskem okolju Vardarskega oceana, 3) v srednji do zgornji juri formacija ofiolitnega melanža v jarkom podobnih bazenih in obdukcija mladih suprasubdukcijskih ofiolitov proti zahodu ter na koncu jure in v spodnji kredi akumulacija flišnih sedimentov v predgornih bazenih, 4) emerzija novo nastalih pokrovov in nato transgresija v srednji do zgornji kredi, 5) kolizija kontinentov v maastrichtiju in paleogenu. Kontinentalni rob se je med ekstenzijo od srednjega triasa do spodnje jure diferenciral na horste in grabne, kar se odraža v stratigrafskem zapisu. Današnje NW-SE usmerjene tektonske enote v Dinaridih se v grobem ujemajo z mezozojsko paleogeografijo, iz česar sklepamo, da je bila konfiguracija kontinentalnega roba v prečnem preseku čez Črno goro in Srbijo naslednja: Dalmatinska karbonatna platforma, Budvanski bazen, karbonatna platforma Visokega Krasa, Bosanski bazen, Durmitorski prag, Limski bazen, prag Drina-Ivanjica in globokomorski distalni kontinentalni rob. V članku je najprej na kratko opisan stratigrafski razvoj tektonskih oziroma paleogeografskih enot tega preseka in domnevna povezava z drugimi enotami v Dinaridih in Helenidih. V nadaljevanju so opisane ogledne točke ekskurzije s poudarkom na globokomorskih sedimentnih kamninah, ker so za določanje starosti teh kamnin radiolariji najpomembnejši in pogosto edini fosili. Podrobno predstavljamo celotno mezozojsko zaporedje Budvanske cone, srednjetriasno pelagično epizodo v coni Visokega Krasa, zgornjetriasne in jurske pelagične kamnine Limske cone in dve lokaliteti z radiolariti v ofiolitih. Največji del vodnika je posvečen Budvanski coni v Zunanjih Dinaridih. V mezozoiku je bila ta cona globokomorski jarek v nadaljevanju bazena Pindos s kontinuirano pelagično sedimentacijo od srednjega triasa do konca krede. Radiolariti so značilni za obdobje srednjega triasa, hettangija in sinemurija, aalenija do tithonija ter hauterivija-barremija do spodnjega turonija. Pelagični apnenci prevladujejo v zgornjem triasu, berriasiju in valanginiju ter od zgornjega turonija do maastrichtija. Karbonatni turbiditi, prinešeni s sosednje karbonatne platforme Visokega Krasa, so interstratificirani v vseh formacijah, v pliensbachiju pa prevladujejo in popolnoma izpodrinejo pelagične sedimente. Pelagična zaporedja v coni Visokega Krasa so omejena na sinriftne in zgodnje postriftne sedimente. Kot tipičen primer predstavljamo 20 m debelo zaporedje srednjetriasnih gomoljastih apnencev in radiolaritov znotraj plitvovodnih karbonatov. V bolj interni Limski coni je za podcono Ćehotina značilna pelagična sedimentacija od srednjega triasa do začetka krede, ko so se začeli odlagati sinorogeni mešani karbonatno-siliciklastični sedimenti. Stratigrafsko zaporedje te podcone do sedaj ni bilo podrobneje proučeno. V članku je prvič datiran 100 m debel profil apnencev z gomolji roženca, ki smo ga s konodonti uvrstili v norij in retij. Z radiolariji smo dokazali callovijsko do spodnjeoksfordijsko starost plastovitih rožencev brez karbonata. V podconi Mihajlovići je stratigrafski razvoj podoben kot v enoti Drina-Ivanjica. Triasnim plitvovodnim karbonatom sledijo jurski apnenci, ki kažejo na postopno poglabljanje sedimentacijskega okolja. Zaporedje se konča z oxfordijskimi radiolariti. V Črni gori so ohranjeni najbolj jugozahodno ležeči ostanki ofiolitov v Dinaridih. Zadnji dve točki prikazujeta bathonijske do spodnjecallovijske radiolarite v ofiolitnem melanžu in zgornjeanizijske radiolarite v kontaktu z bazaltom. Te starosti se ujemajo z do sedaj znanimi datacijami v ofiolitih širše regije. V primerjavi z Južnimi Alpami in Apenini je za pelagične sedimente Dinaridov značilno, da so se začeli odlagati prej in da so skozi ves mezozoik vsebovali znatno višji delež kremenice glede na karbonat. Dinarski bazeni so bili povezani s centralno Neotetido, kjer je visoka produktivnost površinskih voda omogočala nastanek radiolaritov od oceanizacije (v aniziju ali še prej) do sredine zgornje krede, ko so po vsem svetu začeli prevladovati foraminifere in kalcitni nanoplankton. Ključne besede: Dinaridi, Neotetida, radiolariti, kontinentalni rob, ofiolitni melanž
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Nützel, Alexander, Martin Nose, Michael Hautmann et Rupert Hochleitner. « Latest Triassic (Sevatian–Rhaetian) reef carbonates from the Northern Calcareous Alps (Austria), their mollusc dwellers, and their fate at the end-Triassic extinction event ». PalZ, 9 décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12542-022-00631-9.

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AbstractA reef-associated mollusc fauna (gastropods and bivalves) and its facies context are described from latest Triassic (Sevatian–Rhaetian) reef carbonates of Austria (Rötelwand reef at Gaissau and Gosaukamm near Hallstatt). The studied carbonates from the Rötelwand reef consist of mollusc-rich rudstones, partly boundstones, which contain branched corals (Cycliphyllia and Retiophylia, Pinacophyllum), whereas coralline sponges are absent. The rich foraminiferid fauna that is associated with the reef builders consists of 11 genera; eight of these genera became extinct until the end of the Rhaetian. Associated with small patch reefs was a rich mollusc fauna with 19 gastropod species and 8 epifaunal bivalve species. The gastropod fauna is dominated by Microschiza rhaetica, Trochotoma praecursor, and the large growing Purpuroidea moosleitneri. Six gastropod species are new to science: Angulomphalus senowbarii sp. nov., Stuorella zapfei sp. nov., Hologyra callosa sp. nov., Microschiza rhaetica sp. nov., Angularia corallina sp. nov., and Purpuroidea moosleitneri sp. nov. Four Triassic gastropod species are placed in other genera (new combinations): Tylotrochus diversicostatus Wolff, 1967 and Eucycloscala epitoniformis Nützel and Senowbari-Daryan, 1999 are placed in Sadkia, Praelittorina sepkoskii Nützel and Erwin, 2004 in Microschiza, and Purpuroidea? minioi Leonardi, 1935 in Angularia Koken, 1892. Reversal of precedence is proposed for Angularia Koken, 1892 (Gastropoda) and Angularia Busk, 1881 (Bryozoa) under ICZN Art. 23.9. Although reefs suffered a catastrophic decline at the end of the Triassic, most of the studied reef-associated bivalve and gastropod genera survived into the Jurassic, indicating a considerable ecological plasticity of these groups. Only 12 out of 47 reef-associated mollusc genera became extinct (25.5%). This observation is at variance with earlier suggestions that taxa that were associated with reefs and carbonate substrata had a significantly higher extinction risk than level-bottom dwellers. However, extinction at the species level appears more severe; only three bivalve species but no gastropod species recorded in this fauna have records from the Jurassic.
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Larina, Ekaterina, Sylvain Richoz, Niklas Hohmann, Emilia Jarochowska, David Bottjer et Frank Corsetti. « Microfacies and Macrofaunal Analysis of Upper Rhaetian Eibergmember Sequences from the Northern Calcareous Alps ». SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4264473.

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Boggero, Angela, Silvia Zaupa, Simona Musazzi, Michela Rogora, Elzbieta Dumnicka et Andrea Lami. « Environmental factors as drivers for macroinvertebrate and diatom diversity in Alpine lakes : New insights from the Stelvio National Park (Italy) ». Journal of Limnology 78, no 2 (8 février 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2019.1863.

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Information on the biodiversity of high altitude lakes in the Stelvio National Park was scarce and fragmentary, in most cases limited to a few studies on a single biological issue. To fill this gap, a multidisciplinary research program was established in 2011 to investigate macroinvertebrates, diatoms, and water chemistry in 8 high altitude lakes within the boundaries of the Park (Rhaetian Alps, Eastern Alps). The results of this study were compared with data on biological assemblages and chemical parameters of Alpine lakes in the Pennine-Lepontine Alps (Western Alps), to evaluate the role of local drivers with respect to regional ones. This comparison was possible thanks to the adoption of standardized sampling methodologies developed since the ’90s by the National Research Council-Water Research Institute (Verbania), in collaboration with several European Research centers. Despite located in a restricted geographical area, the lakes of the Stelvio National Park showed a high variability of chemical composition, and of sensitivity to acidification, lower than that of the Pennine-Lepontine Alpine lakes. Macroinvertebrate and diatom taxa were ubiquitous and frequent along the Alps, and mainly represented by cold-stenothermal species. Richness, Shannon, Simpson, and Pielou indices applied to phyto- and zoobenthos highlighted significantly lower values in Stelvio National Park lakes than in those of Pennine-Lepontine for macroinvertebrates, while no significant differences were found for diatoms. Two groups of lakes were identified by Cluster Analysis, mainly on the basis of major ion concentrations. Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that the macroinvertebrate assemblage of the lakes studied is driven mainly by altitude and lake surface, and, to a lesser extent, by nutrient content. On the contrary, pH and acid-related variables played a secondary role for diatoms, while nutrients and, more in general, ionic content had significant effects on their species composition. Overall, the results of this first investigation showed that the high elevation of these lakes affects their macroinvertebrate assemblages, while their diatom communities are comparable throughout the Alps.
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Scheyer, Torsten M., Urs Oberli, Nicole Klein et Heinz Furrer. « A large osteoderm-bearing rib from the Upper Triassic Kössen Formation (Norian/Rhaetian) of eastern Switzerland ». Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 141, no 1 (23 février 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13358-022-00244-4.

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AbstractAn important component of the Alpine vertebrate record of Late Triassic age derives from the Kössen Formation, which crops out extensively in the eastern Alps. Here, we present an isolated and only partially preserved large rib, which carries an osteoderm on a low uncinate process. Osteological comparison indicates that the specimen likely belongs to a small clade of marine reptiles, Saurosphargidae. Members of the clade are restricted to the western (today Europe) and eastern margins of the Tethys (today China) and were so far known only from the Anisian stage of the Middle Triassic. The assignment of the new find to cf. Saurosphargidae, with potential affinities to the genus Largocephalosaurus from the Guanling Formation of Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces, China, would extend the occurrence of the clade about 35 million years into the Late Triassic.
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