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1
Janković, Branimir, et Matej Ivušić. « Što je novo u historiografiji o (Francuskoj i Ruskoj) revoluciji ? » Radovi Zavoda za hrvatsku povijest Filozofskoga fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu 54, no 1 (15 décembre 2022) : 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/radovizhp.54.7.
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The historiography of both the French and Russian revolutions has evolved from classical political history to social and (new) cultural history as well as gender history. Furthermore, the tendency toward global history is becoming more noticeable, especially in the study of the French revolution, but it is gradually encompassing the Russian revolution as well. Moreover, both the French and Russian revolutions have been analysed comparatively, but also with emphasis on interconnections with other revolutions. Certainly, referring to these great revolutions of modern history is unavoidable in the historical and comparative study of revolutions put into practice by various social sciences and humanities. All in all, it is definitely worthwhile to continue following new developments in the international historiography of the French and Russian revolutions, as well as revolutions in general.
2
BARBATO, MARIANO. « Postsecular revolution : religion after the end of history ». Review of International Studies 38, no 5 (décembre 2012) : 1079–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210512000484.
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AbstractThis article claims that the revolutions in the Arab world foster insight into more than the spread of liberalism. Fukuyama's end of history has not just reached the Muslim world faster than expected. These revolutions show that strong religion and liberal democracy are compatible: they are postsecular revolutions. As already the revolutions of 1989 proved in some respect, in contrast to the secular ideals of the French Revolution, revolution and religion can go hand in hand in a postsecular way. Praying and making revolution does not need to end in a religious autocracy as 1979 in Iran. Religious citizens stood up praying for democracy and the rule of law against secular regimes which legitimised themselves as a bulwark against sinister forces of religion. Analysing the revolutions of 1989, Jürgen Habermas speaks of ‘catching-up revolutions’ which brought nothing new to the course of history. Yet after 9/11 he started to develop his idea of a postsecular society in which secular and religious citizens are equally entitled to make their arguments in a public sphere. Criticising the early Habermas with the later, the article argues that the postsecular revolutions of 1989 and 2011 are preparing the ground for a postsecular democracy.
3
Gašparič, Jure. « The Changing View of the 1917 Russian Revolution – Slovenia in the Global Perspective ». Contributions to Contemporary History 58, no 1 (20 mai 2018) : 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51663/pnz.58.1.03.
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THE CHANGING VIEW OF THE 1917 RUSSIAN REVOLUTION – SLOVENIA IN THE GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
This year we celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolutions (of February and October), which shook the world with their far-reaching consequences. The changing outlook on the Revolution by all means represents a part of its history, and therefore it has to be examined more closely, as this is the only way to understand the Revolution's global impact as well as give meaning to the current and future political standpoints. The contribution presents an overview of the changing global perspective of the Russian Revolutions in the short 20th century and the Slovenian space within it.
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Kapustin, B. G. « On the metaphor “revolutions are the locomotives of history” ». Полис. Политические исследования, no 3 (29 mai 2024) : 50–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2024.03.05.
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The question about the relationship between revolution and progress is the centerpiece of this essay. A specific solution to this question is expressed by a well-known metaphor invented by Marx -“revolutions are the locomotives of history”. The rendering of this metaphor in the language of theory uncovers certain ambiguities and tensions inherent in it, some of which are caused by a collision of positivist-evolutionist and dialectical-revolutionist strands of Marx's thought. The actual revolutions of the twentieth century turned these tensions into political reality. Progress is a form of social development which converts history into evolution removing the former's open-endedness and the variability of the trajectories of societal movement, which is precisely what distinguishes history from evolution. However tragic the concrete manifestation of a revolution can be, it interrupts the progress-as-evolution and restores, at least for the time being, history as history. Thus, Walter Benjamin's metaphor of revolution as an attempt undertaken by the passengers on the train of progress to “activate the emergency brake”, all its own ambiguities notwithstanding, offers a much more adequate image of the relationship between revolution and progress.
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Mitani, Hiroshi. « Japan’s Meiji Revolution in Global History : Searching for Some Generalizations out of History ». Asian Review of World Histories 8, no 1 (6 février 2020) : 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340063.
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Abstract The Meiji Revolution that abolished the samurai aristocracy was one of the significant revolutions in modern history. It created a sovereign by integrating the dual kingship of early modern Japan into the body of an emperor, reintegrated Japan by dismantling 260 daimyo states, and abolished the hereditary status system to open the path to modernization. This essay presents two generalizations for comparative history. The Meiji Revolution saw a death toll of about 30,000, much lower than the 1,550,000 lives lost in the French Revolution. This contrast invites us to think of how to minimize the sacrifices associated with revolutions. Another question is how to cope with long-term crises. Since the late eighteenth century some Japanese had anticipated a coming crisis with the West. Their efforts were rejected by contemporaries, but their proposals functioned as crisis simulations to provide ways to engage the Western demands to open Japan in the mid-nineteenth century.
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Sohrabi, Naghmeh. « Writing Revolution as if Women Mattered ». Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 42, no 2 (1 août 2022) : 546–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-9988048.
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Abstract Women took part in revolutions and appear in their historical sources with more frequency than our interpretations of revolutions-as-revolutions reflect. Sources are replete with women who both moved through spaces of revolution and shaped these spaces through their movements, spaces without which revolutions as movements of people—and not just production and consumption of ideas—would be impossible. This article argues that writing revolutions as if women mattered not only is about the inclusion of women but also is the gateway into a more capacious understanding of revolutions. To do so requires an analytical shift away from revolution as intellectual work to revolution as political work. Using Iran's armed struggle movement in the lead up to the 1979 revolution, this article demonstrates how this distinction brings into focus aspects of revolutions that were formed in the ephemerality of action and, at times, inaction, thus expanding what counts as revolutionary history, valid methods for historical inquiry, sources, and interpretation.
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Alcoforado, Fernando. « TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT AS THE MAIN RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ECONOMIC REVOLUTIONS THAT CHANGED THE WORLD ». International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 08, no 11 (2023) : 3333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2023.v08i11.001.
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This article aims to demonstrate that technological advancement was mainly responsible for the occurrence of the four agricultural revolutions, the Commercial Revolution and the four industrial revolutions that changed the world throughout the history of humanity.
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Shaposhnikov, Vladislav A. « To Outdo Kuhn : on Some Prerequisites for Treating the Computer Revolution as a Revolution in Mathematics ». Epistemology & ; Philosophy of Science 56, no 3 (2019) : 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps201956357.
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The paper deals with some conceptual trends in the philosophy of science of the 1980‒90s, which being evolved simultaneously with the computer revolution, make room for treating it as a revolution in mathematics. The immense and widespread popularity of Thomas Kuhn’s theory of scientific revolutions had made a demand for overcoming this theory, at least in some aspects, just inevitable. Two of such aspects are brought into focus in this paper. Firstly, it is the shift from theoretical to instrumental revolutions which are sometimes called “Galisonian revolutions” after Peter Galison. Secondly, it is the shift from local (“little”) to global (“big”) scientific revolutions now connected with the name of Ian Hacking; such global, transdisciplinary revolutions are at times called “Hacking-type revolutions”. The computer revolution provides a typical example of both global and instrumental revolutions. That change of accents in the post-Kuhnian perspective on scientific revolutions was closely correlated with the general tendency to treat science as far more pluralistic and transdisciplinary. That tendency is primarily associated with the so-called Stanford School; Peter Galison and Ian Hacking are often seen as its representatives. In particular, that new image of science gave no support to a clear-cut separation of mathematics from other sciences. Moreover, it has formed prerequisites for the recognition of material and technical revolutions in the history of mathematics. Especially, the computer revolution can be considered in the new framework as a revolution in mathematics par excellence.
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Gates, John M. « Toward a History of Revolution ». Comparative Studies in Society and History 28, no 3 (juillet 1986) : 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500014043.
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Revolution, like war, is an historical phenomenon of great importance, and no scholar is likely to argue that revolutions have not had a significant influence on the history of nations and regions, even on the history of the entire world. Unlike war, however, revolution has no coherent chronological history, andthere are no studies of the phenomenon comparable to William McNeill's recent work The Pursuit of Power, or to Theodore Ropp's older but equally important War in the Modem World. Despite volumes written on the subject of revolution by historians, political scientists, sociologists, and others, one searches in vain for a comprehensive history.
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Zhang, Yidi, Guanjin Du, Jize Han et Yiming Zhao. « Peculiarities of the Latin American Independence Revolutions : A Comparative Study with the American Revolution ». Communications in Humanities Research 30, no 1 (17 mai 2024) : 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/30/20231216.
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This paper aims to analyze the Latin American independence revolutions from a social and ideological perspective to contribute to revising the conventional wisdom of Latin American revolutionary history. The method chosen is a comparison between the aforementioned revolutions and the American Revolution, helping to demonstrate how, far from being a simple deviation or a failure, the Latin American independence revolutions had their own traits. The paper tries to answer mainly three questions: how Latin America and America received the enlightenment idea, how those ideas affected their revolutionary process, and how both regions rebuilt and restructured after the revolution.
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Sharman, J. C. « Culture, Strategy, and State-Centered Explanations of Revolution, 1789 and 1989 ». Social Science History 27, no 1 (2003) : 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012451.
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Social scientists studying revolutions have increasingly argued that explanations of revolutions that do not include subjective factors, such as culture, are inadequate. The failure to explain the anti-Communist revolutions of 1989 is forceful testimony to this inadequacy. But the way in which cultural aspects are being added to existing approaches tends to undermine past advances in studying revolutions. Recent historiography of the French Revolution provides an example of a more thorough-going approach to political culture. A productive synthesis that both preserves past advances and better explains the revolutions of 1989 is achieved by analyzing the effects of cultural change on state elites.
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Strauss, Julia. « Introduction : In Search of PRC History ». China Quarterly 188 (décembre 2006) : 855–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741006000464.
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In a perhaps apocryphal exchange in 1972, when, Henry Kissinger asked Zhou Enlai what he thought the outcome of the French revolution had been, Zhou responded that it was too early to say. This remark has taken on a life of its own precisely because it rings so true. The big, messy, contested phenomena that are revolutions inspire passionate reactions – both for and against – and each generation has a strong tendency to filter its perception of a given revolution through the political, social and epistemological concerns of its own time. This offers both paradox and opportunity. At present, the great politicalsocial revolutions are largely out of favour. Their animating grand ideologies, teleological imperatives, frank human rights abuses and consequent historical narratives have become historically and epistemologically at least suspect if not downright discredited in a post-Cold War world of globalization and market triumphalism. However, now is an enormously vibrant time for the study of the history of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in its phase of active revolution between 1949 and 1976. In addition to the collection here, there are two other edited volumes on PRC history that have either recently been published or are due to be published in the near future.
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Post, Charles. « How Capitalist Were the ‘Bourgeois Revolutions’ ? » Historical Materialism 27, no 3 (24 octobre 2019) : 157–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341528.
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Abstract The canonical version of the ‘bourgeois revolutions’ has been under attack from both pro-capitalist ‘Revisionist’ historians and ‘Political Marxists’. Neil Davidson’s book How Revolutionary Were the Bourgeois Revolutions? provides a thorough review of the intellectual history of the notion of the bourgeois revolution and attempts to rescue the concept from varied criticism. Despite distancing himself from problematic formulations of the bourgeois revolution inherited from Second-International Marxism, Davidson’s own framework reproduces many of the historical and conceptual problems of this tradition.
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Carrell, David S. « Whither the Revolution ? An Assessment of Vulnerability to Revolution in Advanced Industrial States ». Tocqueville Review 8 (décembre 1987) : 39–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.8.39.
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In her seminal book, States and Social Revolutions, Theda Skocpol advances a structural theory of revolution based on a comparative analysis of the French, Russian, and Chinese revolutions. She identifies state-class, state-economy, and state-state relations as the three key structural variables determining a state’s vulnerability to “revolution from below.” The importance of the structural perspective to the study of revolution is convincingly established by Skocpol.
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Domenach, Jean-Marie. « Commentaires sur 1’article de David L. Schalk ». Tocqueville Review 8 (décembre 1987) : 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.8.93.
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In her seminal book, States and Social Revolutions, Theda Skocpol advances a structural theory of revolution based on a comparative analysis of the French, Russian, and Chinese revolutions. She identifies state-class, state-economy, and state-state relations as the three key structural variables determining a state’s vulnerability to “revolution from below.” The importance of the structural perspective to the study of revolution is convincingly established by Skocpol.
16
Dias Duarte, Manuel. « Sobre as Ideias de Progresso e Revolução ». Philosophica : International Journal for the History of Philosophy 25, no 49 (2017) : 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philosophica201725496.
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The idea of progress becomes intelligible only when coupled with the idea of revolution. This last concept, coming from astronomy, entered the social sciences only in the seventeenth century. The concept of revolution differs according to whether we follow it within a Copernican conception or a Ptolemaic conception of progress and historical becoming. So, all the reflection to be made presupposes that the revolution will reach its goal only when the orbit that progress continues to describe is completed. On the way, History and progress have only known revolutions, riots, restorations, counter-revolutions.
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Levit, Georgy S., et Uwe Hossfeld. « Evolutionary theories and the philosophy of science ». Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 37, no 2 (2021) : 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.204.
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Philosophical theories proceeding from the history of physical-mathematical sciences are hardly applicable to the analysis of biosciences and evolutionary theory, in particular. This article briefly reconstructs the history of evolutionary theory beginning with its roots in the 19th century and up to the ultracontemporary concepts. Our objective is to outline the dynamics of Darwinism and anti-Darwinism from the perspective of the philosophy of science. We begin with the arguments of E. Mayr against the applicability of T. Kuhn’s theory of scientific revolutions to the history of biology. Mayr emphasized that Darwin’s publication of the Origin of Species in 1859 caused a genuine scientific revolution in biology, but it was not a Kuhnian revolution. Darwin coined several theories comprising a complex theoretical system. Mayr defined five most crucial of these theories: evolution as such, common descent of all organisms including man, gradualism, the multiplication of species explaining organic diversity, and, finally, the theory of natural selection. Distinguishing these theories is of great significance because their destiny in the history of biology substantially differed. The acceptance of one theory by the majority of the scientific community does not necessarily mean the acceptance of others. Another argument by Mayr proved that Darwin caused two scientific revolutions in biology, which Mayr referred to as the First and Second Darwinian Revolutions. The Second Darwinian Revolution happened already in the 20th century and Mayr himself was its active participant. Both revolutions followed Darwin’s concept of natural selection. The period between these two revolutions can be in no way described as “normal science” in Kuhnian terms. Our reconstruction of the history of evolutionary theory support Mayr’s anti-Kuhnian arguments. Furthermore, we claim that the “evolution of evolutionary theory” can be interpreted in terms of the modified research programmes theory by Imre Lakatos, though not in their “purity”, but rather modified and combined with certain aspects of Marxian-Hegelian dialectics.
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Isaychikov, Viktor F. « Peasant revolts against the peasant revolution ». Tambov University Review. Series : Humanities, no 189 (2020) : 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-189-155-167.
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Тhe peasant revolts, wars, and revolutions known in history had both revolutionary and reactionary sides. A particularly complex interweaving was observed in Russia (USSR) in the first third of the 20th century due to the maximum number of economic structures and classes in the country and four revolutions. The main reason for the struggle of the peasant classes, including re-volts, was poverty, caused by both agrarian overpopulation and social causes, among which the main one before the October revolution was the remnants of feudalism. All four revolutions in Russia were largely peasant revolutions, but they differed in class composition and class leader-ship. As a result of the Great October socialist revolution, a joint dictatorship of the working class and the peasantry (the petty bourgeoisie) was established in the country, not predicted by K. Marx, but foreseen by V.I. Lenin. However, the small working class after V.I. Lenin’s death could not hold on to power, and as a result of the “Stalinist” counter-revolution, an internally unstable dictatorship of the petty bourgeoisie (peasantry) was established in the country. We reveal the class processes in the peasantry that led to revolts and revolutions.
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Harper, Antony. « Rough Waters Ahead ». Journal of Globalization Studies 14, no 2 (30 novembre 2023) : 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30884/jogs/2023.02.13.
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There are a variety of definitions of the term, handbook. All of them, however, include a reference to factual information on a specific topic or set of topics or instructions dealing with a defined process or set of processes. This generalized and synthesized explanation of what handbooks are certainly applies to Handbook of Revolutions in the 21st Century, edited by Jack Goldstone, Leonid Grinin, and Andrey Korotayev. However, in over one thousand pages, this handbook provides much more than the previous description implies. Not only is the concept of revolution rigorously treated and the theory of revolutions investigated in the opening section of the book, but in the remaining sections of the book, the topics of the history of revolutions, revolutionary waves, revolution in the early twenty-first century, the Arab Spring revolutions, revolutionary movements beyond the Arab Spring, and current and future revolutions are all treated clearly and in depth by a variety of scholars from a diversity of academic specializations. Further, handbooks, often didactic in the extreme, are not known for their insight and creativity; this one will be.
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Leininger, Derek M. « “Moon-Struck Lunatics” ». Journal of Early American History 7, no 1 (24 mars 2017) : 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00701001.
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Historians have noted the wave of cultural and civil nationalism that swept the United States following the War of 1812. “Moon Struck Lunatics” positions American nationalism in the Era of Good Feelings within the broader context of global events. The article probes the impact of the Spanish-American Revolutions on early Americans’ consciousness as a nation. The revolutions contextualized for Americans the world historical significance of their own revolution and aided the articulation of an early manifest destiny ideology. This essay focuses on public rhetoric, including speeches, congressional debates, editorials, geographies, songs, poems, toasts, letters to the editor, and travel accounts.
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Gerstenberger, Heide. « ʻHow Bourgeois Were the Bourgeois Revolutions?ʼ ». Historical Materialism 27, no 3 (24 octobre 2019) : 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341529.
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AbstractWhile the overview concerning debates on bourgeois revolutions is impressive, it cannot elucidate the theoretical concept of bourgeois revolutions. Neil Davidson’s own suggestion centres on the removal of hindrances to the breakthrough of capitalism, especially the pre-capitalist state. This formalistic definition is based on the assumption that revolutions occurred when the superstructure became a hindrance to the further development of productive forces. It deprives the theoretical concept of bourgeois revolutions of any concrete historical content. This paper suggests restricting the use of the theoretical concept ‘bourgeois revolution’ to those revolutionary changes of domination and appropriation which occurred in European societies of theancien régime.
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Toffoli, Erica. « Revolution and Revolutionary Movements in Latin America : A Special Teaching and Research Collection of The Americas ». Americas 74, S1 (février 2017) : S3—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2016.96.
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This curated collection of The Americas explores revolution and revolutionary movements in Latin American history from the colonial period to the present. This theme embraces events and processes contributing to the courses, outcomes, and reactions to both moments conventionally labeled “revolutions” in Latin American history, such as large-scale events like the Mexican Revolution, and more disparate efforts to secure—or resist—sociopolitical change.
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Lenton, Timothy M., Peter-Paul Pichler et Helga Weisz. « Revolutions in energy input and material cycling in Earth history and human history ». Earth System Dynamics 7, no 2 (22 avril 2016) : 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-353-2016.
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Abstract. Major revolutions in energy capture have occurred in both Earth and human history, with each transition resulting in higher energy input, altered material cycles and major consequences for the internal organization of the respective systems. In Earth history, we identify the origin of anoxygenic photosynthesis, the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis, and land colonization by eukaryotic photosynthesizers as step changes in free energy input to the biosphere. In human history we focus on the Palaeolithic use of fire, the Neolithic revolution to farming, and the Industrial revolution as step changes in free energy input to human societies. In each case we try to quantify the resulting increase in energy input, and discuss the consequences for material cycling and for biological and social organization. For most of human history, energy use by humans was but a tiny fraction of the overall energy input to the biosphere, as would be expected for any heterotrophic species. However, the industrial revolution gave humans the capacity to push energy inputs towards planetary scales and by the end of the 20th century human energy use had reached a magnitude comparable to the biosphere. By distinguishing world regions and income brackets we show the unequal distribution in energy and material use among contemporary humans. Looking ahead, a prospective sustainability revolution will require scaling up new renewable and decarbonized energy technologies and the development of much more efficient material recycling systems – thus creating a more autotrophic social metabolism. Such a transition must also anticipate a level of social organization that can implement the changes in energy input and material cycling without losing the large achievements in standard of living and individual liberation associated with industrial societies.
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Khan, Haroon. « Medicinal Plants in Light of History : Recognized Therapeutic Modality ». Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & ; Alternative Medicine 19, no 3 (mai 2014) : 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587214533346.
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Medicinal plants have an unbelievable history in terms of serving humanity in almost all continents of the world. Traditional healers have transferred that incredible knowledge from generation to generation. Even modernity or cultural revolutions have not altered the in-depth wisdom of this natural medical paradigm. Pharmacological rationale in light of traditional uses followed by phytochemical studies could surely bring a new revolution in the treatment of diseases.
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David, Zdeněk V. « Central Europe's Gentle Voice of Reason : Bílejovský and the Ecclesiology of Utraquism ». Austrian History Yearbook 28 (janvier 1997) : 29–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800016313.
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The Utraquist Church of Bohemia was unique among the late medieval defections in Western Christendom from the Church of Rome in that it involved the separation of an entire church, organized on a national territory, not merely an underground resistance of relatively isolated and scattered groups of sectarians, like the Waldensians or the Lollards. Moreover, the Bohemian Reformation was linked with a major social upheaval, the Hussite Revolution, lasting from 1419 to 1434, which historians have viewed as an early specimen, if not a prototype or the first link in the chain, of the revolutions of the early modern period in the Euroatlantic world: the Dutch, the English, the American, and the French revolutions. Building mainly on the Bohemian Reform movement that had gathered momentum since the mid-fourteenth century, the Utraquists' defiance of Rome, leading to the Hussite Revolution, was sparked by the burning of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance on July 6, 1415.
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Harrison, Olivia C. « Decolonizing History ». Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 42, no 2 (1 août 2022) : 454–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-9987944.
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Abstract The borders between North and South quickly erode when we study the history of anti-colonial revolutions. This is perhaps especially true of France, where the Palestinian revolution has been a rallying cry in the struggle for migrant rights for the past half century. This article investigates the reactivation of anti-colonialism in the postcolonial era, tracing the decades-long “postcolonial anti-colonial” movements born in migrant circles in France, from the 1970s to the present. What happens to the notion of anti-colonial revolution when it is brought back to the metropole? How does it change when it is brought to bear on the migrant question? First posed by the Palestine committees forged by migrant workers, foreign students, and Maoist militants in the wake of the September 1970 massacre of Palestinians in Jordan, these questions have shaped discourses around migrant rights in France for the past fifty years. In conclusion, this article revisits the archive of the migrant theater collective Al Assifa as it is remediated in Bouchra Khalili's 2017 film The Tempest Society, and speculates on the current place of migration in world historical discourses of decolonization.
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Starr, Raymond. « Davis, Revolutions - Reflections On American Equality And Foreign Liberations ». Teaching History : A Journal of Methods 17, no 2 (1 septembre 1992) : 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.17.2.85-86.
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The lecture/essay is one of this reviewer's favorite forms of history. Such works are usually by major, mature scholars, and give insights gained during a distinguished career. The author of Revolutions: Reflections on American Equality and Foreign Liberations is a notable presence in United States historiography. He has won the Pulitzer, Bancroft, and Beveridge prizes; his books, The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture and The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, would by themselves make him an important figure in intellectual, cultural, and social history. Thus, it is with considerable anticipation that one opens Revolutions, which is based on the 1989 Massey Lectures at Harvard and Davis's presidential address to the Organization of American Historians.
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Shults, Eduard E. « Comparative historical analysis in the prediction of revolutions ». Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no 483 (2022) : 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/483/18.
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The article considers the problem of forecasting revolutions – one of the main issues raised in social sciences whose solution meets objective and subjective difficulties. Researchers radically diverge in the possibility of predicting revolutions, as well as in the question of whether revolutions have a future or the era of revolutions has passed. An opportunity to predict revolution is important, but most often in forecasts this socio-political phenomenon is substituted for attempts of predicting explosions of social protest in its mass and radical forms which can lead to a change of power. The analysis of revolutions allows, with a huge share of probability, concluding that revolutions have a chance to occur where they never occurred, except for specific cases when certain countries already avoided revolutions. To reach the aim, the author offers a combination of two approaches: (1) a comparative-historical analysis of revolutions as a socio-political phenomenon of the modern era and (2) a method of analogies – if a phenomenon occurs under certain conditions in one country or group of the countries, then this phenomenon, most likely, will also happen in other countries with similar conditions. To solve the problem, the author considers exclusively demonstrations of the phenomenon of revolutions for the period of modern and contemporary history, since forecasting is based on methods of comparative historical analysis and analogies and the article does not set historical and philosophical problems about the possibility in the future of revolutionary phenomena similar to those that took place in antiquity, or to communist revolutions. In the author’s opinion, the revolution as a process consists of three components: (1) social protest in mass and radical forms; (2) coup d’état (change of political power); (3) reforms in the state (significant changes in the system). In the absence of one of the components, the term “revolution” is not applicable. Violation of this rule leads to the blurring of the boundaries of the phenomenon and the dragging into it of other political and socio-political phenomena (coups, reforms, mass protests, etc.). A comparative analysis of more than sixty revolutions identifies two types by external characteristics (algorithm and consequences): basic and corrective (including six models of the revolution algorithm, three in each form). Then the author analyzes options for a norevolution path for various states. This approach allowed the following conclusions. (1) For the majority of the countries, the era of revolutions has come to an end. (2) A large number of the countries of Africa and some countries of Asia have a forthcoming long civilization period before conditions for the revolutions of the modern era mature. (3) In the short and medium terms, a number of countries have prospects of revolutions. At the same time, in connection with globalization and internationalization of the ideas and technologies, these countries can undergo necessary transitions in the evolutionary way through reforms, avoiding revolutionary explosions.
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Meyer, L. D. « Sexual Revolutions ». OAH Magazine of History 20, no 2 (1 mars 2006) : 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/20.2.5.
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Smolski, Andrew R., Javier Sethness Castro et Alexander Reid Ross. « Lessons from exits foreclosed : An exilic interpretation of the Mexican and Russian Revolutions, 1910–1924 ». Capital & ; Class 42, no 3 (21 février 2018) : 453–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816818759229.
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We apply a typology of exile to factions involved in the Mexican and Russian Revolutions of the early 20th century. Our typology is based on Grubačić and O’Hearn’s theory of exile, which seeks to explain how alternative social institutions based on mutual aid, substantive reproduction, and egalitarian, direct democracy come into being and sustain themselves. We argue for exile as a determinant of revolutionary outcomes and the state (de)formation process and that we must understand exile-in-rupture as a moment when structures are at maximal flux due to the existence of exilic factions. By doing so, we offer a novel approach to understanding revolutions and state (de)formation based upon the alliances between exilic and incorporative factions. Through descriptions of loyalty bargains made, maintained, and broken during the Mexican and Russian Revolutions, we demonstrate how factions representing autonomy and exit are excluded from the resulting political-economic order post-Revolution, while their energy and power are leveraged during revolution itself. Based on this, we argue that exile is a key component of radical strategy, but that it is often precariously based on loyalty bargains that underpin it. Due to exile’s precarity, revolutions are foreclosed by reincorporation into the capitalist world-system as states are (re)formed by incorporative factions. Therefore, exile is both a necessary and contingent component of revolution and state (de)formation.
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Brummett, Palmira. « Dogs, Women, Cholera, and Other Menaces in the Streets : Cartoon Satire in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908–11 ». International Journal of Middle East Studies 27, no 4 (novembre 1995) : 433–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800062498.
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History is enamored of revolutions. This essay takes as its subject a revolution—the Young Turk Revolution of 1908—which overthrew one of the most enduring autocracies of early modern times. It concerns itself, however, with revolution of a specific kind, cartoon revolution: where images could take precedence over words; where the past, present, and future were created and imagined; where the celebration of new freedoms brought citizens into contact with menaces in the streets.
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Rozov, Nikolai S. « REVOLUTIONS AND HUMANISTIC MEANING OF HISTORY ». Respublica literaria, RL. 2021. vol.2. no. 2 (29 mars 2021) : 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47850/rl.2021.2.2.35-49.
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The role of social revolutions is considered in two interrelated contexts: the meaning of history and modernization. The meaning of history is interpreted as a success of the historical selftest of humanity in building large intra- and interstate systems of formal institutions and organizations (Gesellschaft) that would provide the most favourable conditions for the development of various small informal, based on trust and solidarity communities (Gemeinschaft) and for a full value (free, worthy and meaningful) life of individuals of the current and future generations. This global historical self-test needs to overcome the harsh obstacles: from scarcity of resources to group selfishness, inescapable temptations to hegemony, conflict, violence, and exploitation. Modernization with its five main lines occurs to be extremely significant for the historical success of the global self-test. Bureaucratization and capitalist industrialization are ambiguous, while secularization, democratization and ensuring of creative freedom fully correspond to the meaning of history thus understood. Revolutions interact with the main lines of modernization in a complicated way. They destroy old bureaucracies and create new ones, lead to secularization or its reversal, contribute to the development of capitalism or destroy the markets of the capital, labour and land, lead societies to democracy or to even greater authoritarianism, open up freedom to cultural creation or suppress it. Revolutions are the most effective but also the most controversial phenomena, both in terms of modernization and in terms of the meaning of history as a global self-test of the human race.
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Grubb, F. W. « Growth of Literacy in Colonial America : Longitudinal Patterns, Economic Models, and the Direction of Future Research ». Social Science History 14, no 4 (1990) : 451–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200020897.
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Literacy underwent revolutionary growth in northwestern Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This revolution coincided with other dramatic changes in European society, such as the industrial, demographic, agricultural, political, and religious revolutions (Deane 1969: 20–84). While the relationships between literacy and these other revolutions are not fully understood, their association is apparent and many potential influences exist (Cipolla 1969; Cremin 1970; Graff 1981: 232–60; 1987a, 1987b; Jensen 1986: 114–28; Maynes 1985: 117–31; Mitch 1984, 1988; Sanderson 1983; West 1978). The transplantation of European society across the Atlantic brought the literacy revolution to the American periphery. While numerous studies have shown that colonial America participated in this expansion of literacy, the common longitudinal patterns of literacy growth across the various regions and populations of colonial America have received less attention.
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Wilentz, Sean. « John Witherspoon and the Abolitionist Travail ». Theology Today 80, no 4 (janvier 2024) : 334–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405736231211748.
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The historian Benjamin Quarles emphasized that comprehending American slavery's history requires recognizing the concurrent rise of the antislavery movement. This connection between John Witherspoon and slavery necessitates examining his involvement in the broader context of the transformative antislavery revolution during the era of Atlantic democratic revolutions.
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Melnyk, Leonid Hr. « Disruptive Technologies in the Light of Socio-economic Revolutions : the EU and World Experience ». Mechanism of an Economic Regulation, no 3 (2019) : 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2019.85.09.
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The relevance of the work explains the need to promote advanced scientific knowledge in the context of accelerating scientific and technological progress. The purpose of the article is to reveal the main content of disruptive technologies and related socio-economic processes that occur during the three industrial revolutions. Based on a retrospective analysis of socio-economic revolutions in human history, the popular scientific essay explains the logic and development of technical and social systems. The article shows how the change of production forces and economic relations influences the ratio of individual components in the essential triad of man: bio-socio-labor. The content of the three industrial revolutions that humanity experiences today is revealed separately (Industry 3.0, Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0). It is explained that the works that launched these revolutions took place in the European countries. In particular, the Third Industrial Revolution is aimed at solving the problems of the global environmental crisis. The key transformation tools are alternative energy, additive technologies based on 3D printers, horizontal network structures of production and consumption. The main direction of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is the creation of a unified network of cyber-physical systems capable of working without humans. One of its leading forms is the Internet of Things. The humanization of socio-economic development is a key objective of the Fifth Industrial Revolution, which is focused on achieving the maximum realization of the creative potential of the human-social basis. The focus is on the key processes of the three industrial revolutions and the changes that take place in the essential triad of man. This article is a popular scientific essay. Key words: industrial revolution, disruptive technology, personality, human-bio, human-socio, human-labor, cyber-physical system.
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Löwy, Ilana. « Reproductive revolutions ». Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C : Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 41, no 4 (décembre 2010) : 422–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2010.10.009.
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de la Cueva, Julio. « Violent Culture Wars : Religion and Revolution in Mexico, Russia and Spain in the Interwar Period ». Journal of Contemporary History 53, no 3 (10 mai 2017) : 503–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009417690594.
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This article explores the relationship between political revolution and antireligious violence in the interwar period through a comparison of Mexico, the Soviet Union and Spain. In all three cases antireligious violence was associated with revolution and the defeat of religion was seen either as a necessary condition for revolution or as an equally necessary result. All three revolutions were accompanied by violent ‘cultural revolutions’ targeting religion. The article engages in two levels of comparison. It explores similarities and dissimilarities among the events that took place in each of the three countries. At the same time, it juxtaposes the different explanatory models that have been offered of antireligious violence in each country, thereby initiating a dialogue between historiographical traditions that have developed in relative isolation from one another.
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Vallance, Ted. « Scripting Revolution : a historical approach to the comparative study of revolutions ». Social History 41, no 4 (octobre 2016) : 475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2016.1215142.
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Dickins, Alistair. « Scripting Revolution : A Historical Approach to the Comparative Study of Revolutions ». European Review of History : Revue européenne d'histoire 23, no 1-2 (2 janvier 2016) : 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13507486.2016.1149941.
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Puzanov, D. V. « REVOLUTION : AXIOM, MYTH OR ABSTRACTION ? (RESPONSE TO A.Yu. DVORNICHENKO) ». Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 29, no 4 (25 août 2019) : 637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2019-29-4-637-649.
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The work is an answer to the polemical response of A. Yu. Dvornichenko addressed to its author’s article, in which it was suggested that the process of spread of state relations in Eastern Europe can be viewed as a wave of pre-capitalist revolution. A. Yu. Dvornichenko contrasts the concept of world universal revolutions with his own view of the history of Russia as a purely evolutionary process in which revolutions have no place. Any universal theory, according to A. Yu. Dvornichenko, is not specific. The author of this answer notes that the evolutionary scheme of Russian history by A. Yu. Dvornichenko cannot be called more specific than the theories he criticizes. And in itself, national history does not mean greater empirical and specific research. The author of the work cites a number of additional arguments in favor of the theoretical model presented in 2018.
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Goldin, Vladislav I., et Elena V. Alekseeva. « BRITISH RESEARCHER OF RUSSIAN HISTORY : THE SCIENTIFIC LEGACY OF PROFESSOR PAUL DUKES ». Ural Historical Journal 76, no 3 (2022) : 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-189-198.
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The article is devoted to the representation of the scientific legacy of Paul Dukes (1934–2021) — a member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Professor of the University of Aberdeen, a prominent British historian, whose study focused on relations between Russia and the West. Based on the analysis of his works, the authors define the scope of his research interests and provide their characteristics. They present some results of his understanding of the key problems of Russian history, the place and role of our country in Europe and in the world. His books on the history of the Russian Empire, the relationship between Russia and Europe, Russia and the United States, and the problems of the Russian revolutions at the beginning of the 20th century are marked as milestones in the evolution on the research path of a professional historian. The theme of Russia’s revolutions, the assessment of the global legacy of the 1917 Russian Revolution in a comparative perspective, was one of the main subjects in the scientific work of Professor P. Dukes. The conviction in the need for a comparative approach to the study of revolutions was reflected in his analysis of revolutions and reforms in Russia in a global context. It is emphasized that P. Dukes was interested in the role of personality in history in various aspects: in the context of Russia’s international relations (for example, relations between the Stuarts and the Romanovs), the revolutionary movement (leaders of the Russian revolutionary process), in war conditions (the relations between the leaders of the Big Three in the years of the Second World war). Particular attention is paid to the development of P. Dukes’ interest in the Russian regions, fruitful contacts with Ural historians, and his priority in creating a monograph on the history of the Urals in English. The significance of the historian’s addressing to the topic of the Anthropocene is also noted.
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Brown, Harold I. « Three revolutions ? » Metascience 19, no 3 (7 avril 2010) : 445–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-010-9404-5.
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Wickham-Crowley, Timothy P. « Elites, Elite Settlements, and Revolutionary Movements in Latin America, 1950–1980 : Introduction ». Social Science History 18, no 4 (1994) : 543–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017156.
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Social revolutions as well as revolutionary movements have recently held great interest for both sociopolitical theorists and scholars of Latin American politics. Before we can proceed with any useful analysis, however, we must distinguish between these two related but not identical phenomena. Adapting Theda Skocpol’s approach, we can define social revolutions as “rapid, basic transformations of a society’s state and class structures; and they are accompanied and in part carried through by” mass-based revolts from below, sometimes in cross-class coalitions (Skocpol 1979: 4; Wickham-Crowley 1991:152). In the absence of such basic sociopolitical transformations, I will not speak of (social) revolution or of a revolutionary outcome, only about revolutionary movements, exertions, projects, and so forth. Studies of the failures and successes of twentieth-century Latin American revolutions have now joined the ongoing theoretical debate as to whether such outcomes occur due to society- or movement-centered processes or instead due to state- or regime-centered events (Wickham-Crowley 1992).
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Hassan, Ali Bakr. « The Abbasid Revolution 747-750 and The Iranian Revolution 1978-1979 : A Comparative Perspective ». Journal of Al-Tamaddun 17, no 2 (21 décembre 2022) : 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no2.11.
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Viewing the cAbbasid Revolution and the Iranian Revolution from a comparative perspective is the focus of this study. The cAbbasid Revolution was the first Islamic revolution, and the Iranian Revolution is the most recent Islamic revolution, both of which occurred in Muslim societies and practically began in the same geographical area. Although more than twelve centuries separate the two revolutions, similarities exist between them. Both produced profound results, and similar lessons may be culled from them. The first revolution toppled the house of the Umayyads and established a new dynasty. The second overbalanced the House of the Pahlavis and evolved Iran from a monarchy into an Islamic republic. The political role of merchants and their cooperation with religious leaders based on mutual self-interests in both revolutions was a significant factor. Conclusions may be drawn as to when or whether there were changes to Islamic values. These changes may have led to a change in Muslims’ experiences, which can be developed, into the form of a revolution or any type of violence. Taking a comparative methodological approach, this study attempts to make a link between the Iranian Revolution and its cAbbasid past.
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Kvasz, Ladislav. « Kuhnova Štruktúra vedeckých revolúcií medzi sociológiou a epistemológiou ». Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 34, no 2 (2 septembre 2012) : 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46938/tv.2012.150.
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The aim of this paper is to further develop Kuhn's theory of scientific revolutions. We propose to discriminate the notion of a scientific revolution, which is a sociological event of a change of attitude of the scientific community with respect to a particular theory and the concept of an epistemic rupture, which is a linguistic fact consisting of a discontinuity in the linguistic framework in which this theory is formulated. On the analysis of the changes of the linguistic framework we can obtain a classification of epistemic ruptures into four types that can be named as idealization, re-presentation, objectivization and re-formulation. In the paper, each of these four types of epistemic ruptures is illustrated by examples from the history of physics. This classification of epistemic ruptures can be used as a basis for a classification of scientific revolutions. The revolutions can be classified according to the epistemic ruptures that accompany them.
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Rendle, Matthew. « Making Sense of 1917 : Towards a Global History of the Russian Revolution ». Slavic Review 76, no 3 (2017) : 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2017.168.
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It is clear that the global impact of the Russian Revolution over the last century has been immense. What is less clear, however, is the global impactonthe revolution. Historians have appreciated that contemporaries made immediate comparisons with previous revolutions, especially the French Revolution and the Paris Commune, but considerations of broader global influences on the revolution have been rare. This article explores how historians can study these global influences, exploring the circulation of ideas and their influence on people and policies. Whilst not denying the continuing primacy of traditional “internal” factors in explaining the nature and process of the revolution, the article argues that globalizing 1917, as contemporaries did, helps historians to better understand the widespread belief in progress that fueled developments as people sought to create a new country, and to appreciate how people tried to make sense of the tumultuous events of revolution.
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Phillips, Adam. « REVOLUTIONS AND REBELLIONS ». History Workshop Journal 39, no 1 (1995) : 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/39.1.219.
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Antonovich, Jacqueline. « Age of Revolutions ». Journal of American History 106, no 4 (1 mars 2020) : 1146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaz831.
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Clark, J. C. D. « Editorial : Atlantic revolutions ». Intellectual History Review 33, no 1 (2 janvier 2023) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17496977.2022.2144831.
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Cuddy, Edward. « America's Cuban Obsession : A Case Study in Diplomacy and Psycho-History ». Americas 43, no 2 (octobre 1986) : 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007438.
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No more Cubas!” For a quarter of a century, that slogan has propelled American intervention into Latin America. President Kennedy's Alliance for Progress was designed to head off more Castro-type revolutions in the region. In 1965, President Johnson crushed a revolution in the Dominican Republic, declaring that “another Cuba in this hemisphere would be unacceptable.” And the Nixon plan for subverting the Chilean government in the early 1970s was motivated, in Henry Kissinger's words, by fear of Allende's “patent intention to create another Cuba.”