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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Reversible Substation »

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Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 14 mars 2023

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Sharma, Priya. « Reversible Substation in DC Traction ». Journal of Advance Research in Mechanical & ; Civil Engineering (ISSN : 2208-2379) 2, n^o 4 (30 avril 2015) : 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmce.v2i4.331.

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In order to improve the green foot prints and also reduce the operational costs, it is currently standard practice to fit the Rolling stock of Metros railway units with regenerative dynamic braking systems. Thus, energy generated by a braking train can be reused by other accelerating trains. The excess energy is inverted back to the system for use in auxiliary power requirement like lighting lifts, escalator ect in stations. To capture the regenerative energy the popular technology in use are Energy Storage Systems (Batteries, Super capacitors and Fly wheel) and Inverters. For the urban metro rail using DC traction recently a new technology has been used which is known as the “Reversible Electric Sub Stations”. This improves the line receptivity of the DC systems by transferring the excess energy to the AC side. This new technology will make it possible to send that part of the braking energy that is usually burnt in resistors, back into the grid. That is by making the electric substation “reversible”, meaning that they can also operate in the reverse, feeding energy from the braking trains back to the grid. The main benefit is 99% of the regenerated energy is used and the braking resisters in the Rolling stock can be removed, which will in turn reduce the train mass and heat generated.

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Martinazzoli, Gianni, Daniele Pasinelli, Adriano Maria Lezzi et Mariagrazia Pilotelli. « Design of a 5th Generation District Heating Substation Prototype for a Real Case Study ». Sustainability 15, n^o 4 (7 février 2023) : 2972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15042972.

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The evolution of district heating networks is moving toward low temperatures in heat distribution with so called 4th generation networks. However, the lowest heat transfer fluid temperatures in district heating are achieved through ultra-low temperature networks, referred to as 5th generation district heating networks (5GDHNs). Low temperatures in heat distribution results in an extremely different configuration of 5GDHN compared to traditional district heating network, especially in the grid substation due to the inability to directly couple the grid with the buildings. This paper presents a detailed design of a 5th generation substation prototype, which is carried out to verify the proper operation and monitor the performance of this type of substation in a real case study. The prototype is fed by low-temperature waste heat, currently dissipated through evaporative towers, and will be built in the city of Brescia, Italy. The layout of the substation prototype, consisting of a bidirectional pumping system, a reversible water-to-water heat pump, an inertial thermal energy storage and a heat exchanger, is presented. An analysis is performed to figure out which refrigerant offers the best performance of the heat pump. In addition, fixed the refrigerant, the performance of the grid connected heat pump is found to be increased from 29.5% to 55.5% for both heating and cooling compared with a stand-alone air-to-water heat pump solution. Finally, the process flow diagram and the piping and instrumentation diagram of the substation are presented and commented.

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Cascetta, F., G. Cipolletta, A. Delle Femine, J. Quintana Fernández, D. Gallo, D. Giordano et D. Signorino. « Impact of a reversible substation on energy recovery experienced on-board a train ». Measurement 183 (octobre 2021) : 109793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109793.

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Radionov, A. A., A. S. Maklakov et E. A. Karyakina. « Energy-Saving Reversible Electric Drive Based on Active Front End Rectifier and Voltage Source Inverter ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (décembre 2014) : 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.150.

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This paper addresses the issue of functional possibilities of reversible electric drive based on active front end rectifier and voltage source inverter from the point of view of energy saving. This paper will review all theoretical capabilities of reactive power compensation in the supply mains by the active front end rectifiers. The reactive power consumption or generation can be created out by using of active front end converters which connect the electric drive with supply mains. Active front end rectifiers can be actively used in operation of supply mains of enterprise as they are able to provide controlled power factor and bidirectional power flow. The studies by mathematical modeling in the Matlab/Simulink program were carried out. It was established that the controlling of power factor of active front end rectifier can be used for reactive power compensation in supply mains. The huge prospects of energy-saving reversible electric drive integration to the Smart Grid have been determined as it is able to provide high power and capabilities of the controlling reactive power flow by means of active front end rectifier. It can reduce a share of the consumption reactive power from a substation and to improve the power quality.

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Roch-Dupré, David, Asunción P. Cucala, Ramón R. Pecharromán, Álvaro J. López-López et Antonio Fernández-Cardador. « Simulation-based assessment of the installation of a Reversible Substation in a railway line, including a realistic model of large traffic perturbations ». International Journal of Electrical Power & ; Energy Systems 115 (février 2020) : 105476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105476.

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Marijuan, Antonio Garrido, Roberto Garay, Mikel Lumbreras, Víctor Sánchez, Olga Macias et Juan Perez Sainz De Rozas. « RELaTED Project : New Developments on Ultra-Low Temperature District Heating Networks ». Proceedings 65, n^o 1 (25 décembre 2020) : 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020065008.

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District heating networks deliver around 13% of the heating energy in the EU, being considered as a key element of the progressive decarbonization of Europe. The H2020 REnewable Low TEmperature District project (RELaTED) seeks to contribute to the energy decarbonization of these infrastructures through the development and demonstration of the following concepts: reduction in network temperature down to 50 °C, integration of renewable energies and waste heat sources with a novel substation concept, and improvement on building-integrated solar thermal systems. The coupling of renewable thermal sources with ultra-low temperature district heating (DH) allows for a bidirectional energy flow, using the DH as both thermal storage in periods of production surplus and a back-up heating source during consumption peaks. The ultra-low temperature enables the integration of a wide range of energy sources such as waste heat from industry. Furthermore, RELaTED also develops concepts concerning district heating-connected reversible heat pump systems that allow to reach adequate thermal levels for domestic hot water as well as the use of the network for district cooling with high performance. These developments will be demonstrated in four locations: Estonia, Serbia, Denmark, and Spain.

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Roch-Dupré, David, Asunción P. Cucala, Ramón R. Pecharromán, Álvaro J. López-López et Antonio Fernández-Cardador. « Evaluation of the impact that the traffic model used in railway electrical simulation has on the assessment of the installation of a Reversible Substation ». International Journal of Electrical Power & ; Energy Systems 102 (novembre 2018) : 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.04.030.

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Popescu, Mihaela, et Alexandru Bitoleanu. « A Review of the Energy Efficiency Improvement in DC Railway Systems ». Energies 12, n^o 6 (21 mars 2019) : 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061092.

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This study is focused on the topical issue of increasing the energy efficiency in DC railway systems, in the context of global concerns for reducing the CO2 emissions by minimizing the energy consumption and energy loss. The main achievements in this complex issue are synthesized and discussed in a comprehensive review, emphasizing the implementation and application of the existing solutions on concrete case studies. Thus, all specific subtopics related to the energy efficiency are covered, starting with power quality conditioning and continuing with the recovery of braking energy, of which a large part is lost in the classic DC-traction substations. The solutions of onboard and wayside storage systems for the braking energy are discussed and compared, and practical examples are given. Then, the achievements in transforming the existing DC-traction substations in reversible substations with capabilities of power quality improvement are systematically reviewed by illustrating the main results of recent research on this topic. They include the equipment available on the market and solutions validated through implementations on experimental models. Through the results of this extensive review, useful reference and support are provided for the research and development focused on energy efficient traction systems.

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Arboleya, Pablo, Bassam Mohamed et Islam El‐Sayed. « Off‐board and on‐board energy storage versus reversible substations in DC railway traction systems ». IET Electrical Systems in Transportation 10, n^o 2 (juin 2020) : 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-est.2019.0022.

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Kleftakis, Vasilis A., et Nikos D. Hatziargyriou. « Optimal Control of Reversible Substations and Wayside Storage Devices for Voltage Stabilization and Energy Savings in Metro Railway Networks ». IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 5, n^o 2 (juin 2019) : 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tte.2019.2913355.

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Arboleya, Pablo, Islam El-Sayed, Bassam Mohamed et Clement Mayet. « Modeling, Simulationand Analysis of On-Board Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Railway Applications ». Energies 12, n^o 11 (10 juin 2019) : 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112199.

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In this paper, a decoupled model of a train including an on-board hybrid accumulation system is presented to be used in DC traction networks. The train and the accumulation system behavior are modeled separately, and the results are then combined in order to study the effect of the whole system on the traction electrical network. The model is designed specifically to be used with power flow solvers for planning purposes. The validation has been carried out comparing the results with other methods previously developed and also with experimental measurements. A detailed description of the power flow solver is beyond the scope of this work, but it must be remarked that the model must by used with a solver able to cope with the non-linear and non-smooth characteristics of the model. In this specific case, a modified current injection-based power flow solver has been used. The solver is able to incorporate also non-reversible substations, which are the most common devices used currently for feeding DC systems. The effect of the on-board accumulation systems on the network efficiency will be analyzed using different real scenarios.

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Vilgelm, Alexander, Mikhail Nikiforov et Vasily Cheremisin. « Concept of intelligent system for controlling regenerative braking and using recovery energy ». MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018) : 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823901039.

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The issue of increasing the level of electrical energy recovered by the electric rolling stock and the efficiency of its use at the electrified sections of railways of JSC “Russian Railways” is still topical at present. This issue is considered today in the context of increasing the efficiency of the use of traction rolling stock. Increasing the energy efficiency of the transportation process by increasing the efficiency of recovery can be achieved both by the implementation of organizational decisions and through the introduction of additional equipment in the traction power supply system, for example, installation of reversible converters at traction substations or power storage devices on electric rolling stock and in the system of traction power supply, as well as other technical means, changing the parameters of the operation of sections with mandatory provision of the operability of the regenerative braking systems in the electric rolling stock. To assist in the reasoned adoption of similar and other managerial decisions, it is advisable to create an intelligent system for controlling the processes of applying regenerative braking and using recovery energy. This paper briefly reviews the main results of scientific research on the efficiency of recovery, suggests a mechanism for adapting the methods developed earlier to the system for controlling energy efficiency of recovery processes at the sections of railways.

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Anh, An Thi Hoai Thu, Nguyen Van Quyen, Nguyen Thanh Hai, Nguyen Van Lien et Vu Hoang Phuong. « Speed profile optimization of an electrified train in Cat Linh-Ha Dong metro line based on pontryagin's maximum principle ». International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, n^o 1 (1 février 2020) : 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp233-242.

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An urban railway is a complex technical system that consumes large amounts of energy, but this means of transportation still has been obtained more and more popularity in densely populated cities because of its features of high-capacity transportation capability, high speed, security, punctuality, lower emission, reduction of traffic congestion. The improved energy consumption and environment are two of the main objectives for future transportation. Electrified trains can meet these objectives by the recuperation and reuse of regenerative braking energy and by the energy - efficient operation. Two methods are to enhance energy efficiency: one is to improve technology (e.g., using energy storage system, reversible or active substations to recuperate regenerative braking energy, replacing traction electric motors by energy-efficient traction system as permanent magnet electrical motors; train's mass reduction by lightweight material mass...); the other is to improve operational procedures (e.g. energy efficient driving including: eco-driving; speed profile optimization; Driving Advice System (DAS); Automatic Train Operation (ATO); traffic management optimization...). Among a lot of above solutions for saving energy, which one is suitable for current conditions of metro lines in Vietnam. The paper proposes the optimization method based on Pontryagin's Maximum Principle (PMP) to find the optimal speed profile for electrified train of Cat Linh-Ha Dong metro line, Vietnam in an effort to minimize the train operation energy consumption.

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Mariscotti, Andrea, Domenico Giordano et Davide Signorino. « Energy Efficiency Improvement with Reversible Substations for Electrified Transportation Systems ». Open Transportation Journal 17, n^o 1 (9 janvier 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18744478-v17-e230109-2022-13.

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More and more often overall energy efficiency of an electrified transportation system appears as target of new constructions, sometimes with incomplete definitions of performance indexes to assess that target has been reached. A worked out example is based on the introduction of reversible substations. Reversible substations are a method to improve energy efficiency, whose application in an existing system can be progressive and does not require large traffic intensity to be effective. Their effectiveness depends on some system parameters (nominal catenary voltage in particular). A simulation model fed with experimental data from a line section of Metro de Madrid is used to demonstrate the operation and optimization of reversible substations. Background The ambitious reduction of CO2 greenhouse gas emission within 2050 declared by the European Commission also involves transportation systems. In this context an optimum recovery of the electric braking energy produced by railway vehicles is more and more relevant. Several strategies to completely recover the braking energy are being developed and applied. A methodology that allows the accurate determination of the amount of recovered energy in real operating conditions becomes then a valuable tool. Objective Reversible substations are one of the braking energy recovery methods that are widely applicable. Their effect is analyzed in a system perspective, considering them integrated in the transportation system with its dynamics and various operating points. The effectiveness and consequences of the operation of one or more reversible substations are evaluated by identifying relevant system conditions and scenarios. Methods An electric network model is provided, fed by measured timetable and traction current. Simulation results are analyzed and compared with some experimental results: simulation configurations will be selected to match those of the available experimental data. Results The selected substation no-load output voltage level has a significant effect on efficiency and performance of reversible substations. A reduction of 50 V, from 1700 V to 1650 V produces a decrease of the energy dissipated by the braking rheostat on-board trains of about 13%. The voltage increase caused during braking phases is kept under control better for track positions close to reversible substations: tests show that line voltage increase is 2.5% of nominal value with a reversible substation, and only 0.5% when it is operated. Trimming the thresholds that trigger the operation of the on-board braking chopper (intermingling regenerative and dissipative braking) has a dramatic effect on regenerability: a reduction of 50 V causes an improvement of 19%. Conclusion The paper presents a methodology that merges measurements and circuital model to investigate on the energy saving provided by reversible substations supplying railway system. The methodology has been applied to a real case. Preliminary results regarding the impact of supply voltage level, reversible module position and threshold levels of the braking chopper control system on the dissipated braking energy and power quality has been carried out.

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Chen, Mo, Qingyuan Wang, Pengfei Sun et Xiaoyun Feng. « Train Control and Schedule Integrated Optimization with Reversible Substations ». IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2022, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3211979.

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Fengjie, Hao, Gang Zhang, Jie Chen et Zhigang Liu. « Distributed Reactive Power Compensation Method in DC Traction Power Systems with Reversible Substations ». IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2021, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3108030.

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