Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Responsabilisation utilisateur »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Responsabilisation utilisateur"
Kupiec, Tomasz, Dominika Wojtowicz et Karol Olejniczak. « Structures et fonctions des systèmes d’évaluation complexes : comparaison de six pays d’Europe centrale et orientale ». Revue Internationale des Sciences Administratives Vol. 89, no 1 (1 mars 2023) : 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/risa.891.0157.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Responsabilisation utilisateur"
Madon, Maël. « Étude de comportements de sobriété dans les centres de calculs ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/6080/.
Texte intégralThe Information Technologies (IT) industry has an increasing carbon footprint (2.1-3.9% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2020), incompatible with the rapid decarbonization needed to mitigate climate change. Data centers hold a significant share due to their electricity consumption amounting to 1% of the global electricity consumption in 2018. To reduce this footprint, research has mainly focused on energy efficiency measures and use of renewable energy. While these works are needed, they also convey the risk of rebound effects, i.e., a growth in demand as a result of the efficiency gains. For this reason, it appears essential to accompany them with sufficiency measures, i.e., a conscious use of these technologies with the aim to decrease the total energy and resource consumption. In this thesis, we introduce a model for data centers and their users. In the first part, we focus on direct users, interacting with the infrastructure by submitting jobs. We define five sufficiency behaviors they can adopt to reduce their stress on the infrastructure, namely Delay, Reconfig, Space Degrad, Time Degrad and Renounce. We characterize these behaviors through simulation on real-world inputs. The results allow us to classify them according to their energy saving potential, impact on scheduling metrics and effort required from users. One drawback of sufficiency behaviors is their inertia, that we explain with appropriate metrics. We investigate thereafter the behaviors' usefulness in the context of renewable energy management. A three-state energy feedback mechanism informs the users on the status of electricity production. We show that adopting the sufficiency behaviors when renewable energy is scarce leads to brown energy savings. Savings are proportional to the efforts made by users. In the second part, we build upon our user model and implementation to tackle an open issue in distributed system simulation. Most works use recorded traces to simulate workloads, by replaying jobs of the same characteristics and same submission time. However, this model is problematic when the performance of the simulated infrastructure differs from that of the original infrastructure. We model and implement "replay with feedback", a way of using recorded traces, preserving the think time between jobs rather than the original dates of submission. We provide an in-depth analysis of our method's impact with the help of novel metrics. In the last part, we shift our focus to indirect users of data centers by studying professional cloud users. We design and conduct a qualitative study to investigate what a sufficient use of the cloud would mean, in practice. The study involves three focus groups analyzed through thematic analysis. The results provide a preliminary picture of the nature of our digital professional needs, along with a list of "tactics towards sufficiency", concrete actions to focus on the essential while limiting environmental footprint. This manuscript offers an insight into digital sufficiency in data centers, involving both simulation and social sciences. We hope that our open-source code and reproducible simulation campaigns will be useful for future works in that direction
Chihani, Bachir. « Enterprise context-awareness : empowering service users and developers ». Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01048688.
Texte intégralChihani, Bachir. « Enterprise context-awareness : empowering service users and developers ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TELE0029.
Texte intégralContext-aware applications must manage a continuous stream of context according to dedicated business logic. Research was limited on proposing frameworks and platforms that have predefined behavior toward applications. This thesis attempts to extend background works by proposing new concepts serving as foundation for a flexible approach for building context-aware applications. The thesis examines the state of the art of context-aware computing, then adopts well-established software design principles and a functional decomposition for designing a reference model for context management enabling seamless integration of context-awareness into applications. Also, the thesis studies the use of context in common applications and proposes a context-centric modeling approach which allows the creation of a graph-based representation where entities are connected to each other through links representing context. Furthermore, the context graph decouples the presentation and the semantics of context, leaving each application to manage the appropriate semantic for their context data. Case studies are conducted for the evaluation of the proposed system in terms of its support for the creation of applications enhanced with context-awareness. A simulation study is performed to analyze the performance properties of the proposed system. The result of this thesis is the introduction of a novel approach for supporting the creation of context-aware applications that supports the integration of context-awareness to existing applications. It empowers developers as well as users to participate in the creation process, thereby reducing usability issues
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Responsabilisation utilisateur"
Saint-Supery, Isabeau, Cécile Mazon, Hélène Sauzéon et Éric Meyer. « Éthiques inclusives en éducation ». Dans Éthiques inclusives en éducation, 145–60. Champ social, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/chaso.kohou.2023.01.0146.
Texte intégral