Thèses : « Rescission and termination of contracts »

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Siri, Aurélien. « Le mutuus dissensus : notion, domaine, régime ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32054.

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Le mutuus dissensus est une locution latine de droit positif français. Elle est utilisée par la doctrine civiliste depuis la fin du XIXème siècle pour désigner une notion fondamentale du droit des conventions. La notion juridique de mutuus dissensus peut être définie comme la convention par laquelle toutes les parties consentent à la révocation de la convention qu’elles ont conclue antérieurement. La notion de mutuus dissensus présente une unité. Elle repose sur la réunion de deux éléments constitutifs essentiels. Le premier est une procédure classique : une convention. La convention de mutuus dissensus est une véritable convention extinctive plutôt qu’un nouveau contrat identique en sens inverse du contrat révoqué. Le second est un effet de droit spécifique : la révocation. La révocation par mutuus dissensus est plutôt une résiliation du contrat opérant uniquement pour l’avenir qu’une prétendue résolution d’un contrat à effet rétroactif. La notion de mutuus dissensus a un domaine très large en droit positif. La révocation par mutuus dissensus est un principe général du droit des conventions fondé sur l’article 1134, alinéa 2, du Code civil, qui a vocation à s’appliquer à toutes les conventions et dans toutes les matières. La notion de mutuus dissensus détermine un régime juridique spécifique. Les parties sont libres de déterminer les effets de la révocation par mutuus dissensus. Le principe de la liberté des parties est limité par l’ordre public. La sécurité des tiers est assurée par une protection générale et des protections spéciales reposant principalement sur le mécanisme de l’inopposabilité
Mutuus dissensus is a latin expression in the French positive law. It has been used by civil doctrine since the end of the nineteenth century to designate a basic notion of Contract Law. The juridic notion of mutuus dissensus may be defined as an agreement between all the parties to rescind their precedent contract. The notion of mutuus dissensus has an unity. It stands on two essentials constituent elements. The first one is a classical procedure: an agreement. Mutuus dissensus agreement is a real subsequent agreement to end a contract, rather than a new identical contract but opposite to the rescinded contract. The second one is an effect of specific right: the rescission. Rescission by mutuus dissensus is the termination of a contract for the future rather than a supposed discharge of a contract with a retroactive effect. The notion of mutuus dissensus has a very wide field in positive law. Rescission by mutuus dissensus is a general principle of law of contracts based on section 1134, subsection 2, of the French civil code, which is to apply to every contract and in every subject. The notion of mutuus dissensus determines a specific juridical system. Parties are free to decide the effects of the rescission by mutuus dissensus. The principle of freedom of parties is limited by law and order. The protection of third parties is ensured by a general protection and special protections which limit the effects of the rescission of contract by mutuus dissensus

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Cardoso, Luiz Philipe Tavares de Azevedo. « O inadimplemento antecipado do contrato no direito civil brasileiro ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-11022015-114044/.

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Esta tese tem como tema o inadimplemento antecipado do contrato no direito civil brasileiro. O ponto de partida para o estudo consiste na análise de jurisprudência que originariamente utilizou a figura, desprovida de consagração legal expressa. Posteriormente, é examinada a doutrina. Diante deste material, propõe-se um modelo teórico para o entendimento do inadimplemento antecipado do contrato, ajustando-o às categorias básicas do direito das obrigações brasileiro. São apresentados seus pressupostos, elementos constitutivos e efeitos. No decorrer do trabalho, são abordados aspectos do compromisso de compra e venda, a relação obrigacional complexa, deveres acessórios e laterais, fim contratual, inadimplemento, culpa e imputabilidade, impossibilidade, perda da função social, exceção de contrato não cumprido, resolução, indenização e demanda de cumprimento.
This work has as its theme the anticipatory breach of contract in the Brazilian civil law. The starting point for the study is the analysis of cases that originally used the figure, devoid of explicit legal recognition. Subsequently, the doctrine is examined. Faced with this material, we propose a theoretical model for understanding the anticipatory breach of contract, adjusting it to the basic categories of Brazilian law of obligations. Their assumptions, constitutive elements and effects are presented. Throughout his work, aspects of purchase and sale, the complex obligatory relationship, accessories and side duties, contractual order, breach of contract, non-performance, responsability, frustration, loss of social function, termination, rescission, and action for damages.

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Baloyi, Reason Misiiwa. « Termination of contracts by organs of state ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65681.

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Organs of state shall terminate the procurement contracts if it is found that there were irregularities and concluded in contravention of the applicable legislation.1 The general rule is that a contract which has been concluded in violation of legislation is void.2 Section 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 states that law or conduct inconsistent with the Constitution is invalid. When organs of state procure goods or services they are exercising public power of which they are subject to the provisions of the Constitution which is the supreme law. Organs of state which fail to heed the provisions of the procurement laws and or a policy will be acting unlawfully and their decisions will be attack3 as they will be in conflict with the rule of law and the principle of legality.4
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted

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Stoltz, Danielle Ivy. « The validity of automatic termination clauses in employment contracts ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53192.

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This study aims to establish the validity of the automatic termination of an employment contract. The automatic termination of an employment contract means that the contract is terminated ex lege and not by an act of the employer. Such termination will therefore not qualify as a dismissal for purposes of section 186 of the LRA. The result is that these employees will not be able to challenge the fairness of such termination based on the unfair dismissal provisions in the LRA. It may be argued that such automatic terminations offer employers the opportunity to effectively circumvent their obligations under the LRA with regards to the fairness of dismissals. Automatic termination provisions are often used by employers as a mechanism to this. The Constitution of the RSA provides that everyone has the right to fair labour practices .1 This constitutionally guaranteed right is given effect to in the LRA2 which provides employees with the right not to be unfairly dismissed.3 By depriving employees of their protection against unfair dismissal, it may be argued that their fundamental rights to fair labour practices are infringed. This study aims to investigate the topic of automatic termination of employment contracts by analysing the provisions of, inter alia, the LRA and the Constitution of the RSA in order to determine the extent of protection afforded to employees against exploitation in circumstances such as these and will consider various findings of courts that may shed light on the matter. The effect of the recent amendments to the LRA in this regard will also be considered.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Jurisprudence
LLM
Unrestricted

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Smith, Terence G. « Analysis of the U.S. Navy termination model for procurement contracts ». Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA240905.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 1990.
Thesis Advisor(s): McMasters, Alan W. ; Henderson, David R. "September 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on December 21, 2009. DTIC Descriptor(s): Naval Procurement, Mathematical Models, Parameters, Navy, Theses, Costs, Precision, Procurement, Inventory, Value, Supplies, Naval Logistics, Models, Contracts, Decision Making. DTIC Identifier(s): Navy Inventory Control Points, Navy Procurement Contract Termination Model, Forecasts. Author(s) subject terms: Procurement, Contract, Termination. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-58). Also available in print.

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Berg, Daniel Friedrich. « Die Rückabwicklung gescheiterter Verträge im spanischen und deutschen Recht : eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Einheitsrechts / ». Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/346976421.PDF.

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Tonkin, Liechen. « The validity of automatic termination clauses in employment contracts / by L. Tonkin ». Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9846.

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This study aims to establish the validity of automatic termination clauses in employment contracts. An automatic termination clause in an employment contract is a mechanism that has the effect that the expiry of an employment contract cannot constitute a dismissal. In terms of the common law a fixed term contract of employment is terminated automatically as soon as the agreed terms have been reached and it therefore does not constitute a dismissal. The common law therefore created a gap for the exploitation of employees in that the employer can keep the employee on a series of fixed term contracts, which is not in line with the aims of the LRA to create job security. Section 186(1) of the LRA defines a dismissal as an employer who terminated an employment contract with or without notice and an employee who reasonably expected the employer to renew a fixed term contract of employment on equal or comparable terms, and the employer renewed the contract on less favourable terms, or did not renew the contract at all. In terms of section 185 of the LRA every employee has the right not to be unfairly dismissed. Section 23 of the Constitution affords everyone the fundamental right to fair labour practices. The question that arises in respect of these matters is whether automatic termination clauses fall foul of the Constitution and the LRA and whether they are invalid in terms of the LRA and Constitution. In Mahlamu v CCMA and Others the validity of the automatic termination in an employment contract was challenged. The court noted that when an employee signs a contract with an automatic termination clause, the employee waives his right not to be unfairly dismissed in terms of the Constitution and the LRA. The court found that the rights conferred on the employee in terms of the LRA and Constitution are a matter of public interest and cannot be waived by the individual. Employment contracts with automatic termination clauses fall foul of the LRA and the Constitution, are against public policy and thus invalid. The Labour Court stated that a contractual device that renders the termination of a contract something other than a dismissal is exactly the exploitation the LRA prohibits This study aims to establish the validity of different automatic termination clauses in employment contracts, to discuss the interpretation of the LRA and the Constitution regarding automatic termination clauses and to establish to what extent employees are protected against exploitation with regards to employment security in terms of the above-mentioned provisions in employment contracts. The investigation sought to establish whether employees can ‘contract out’ their right not to be unfairly dismissed, and whether these provisions fall within the ambit of the LRA, and more specifically the Constitution. The constitutionality of the current effect of the LRA on employment contracts with automatic termination clauses will be scrutinised. In conclusion the study will discuss the proposed amendments to the LRA and the possible effects should these amendments be enacted. The Amendment Bill, if enacted, will prove the contract of employment with the automatic termination clause to be invalid where the employer cannot justify the reason for the temporary employment. The Amendment Bill will furthermore provide for the extensive protection of the rights of the temporary and fixed-term employees. It is clear that the automatic termination clause in an employment contract which is not based on operational reasons falls foul of the Constitution and LRA.
Thesis (LLM (Labour Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

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Chapman, Gary Jon. « Termination of U.S. Navy procurement contracts for secondary items in long supply ». Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23423.

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This thesis discusses the U.S. Navy's current situation with regard to secondary items in long supply. This study concentrated solely on the area of acquisition of secondary items for wholesale inventory requirements. A brief history follows of how the U.S. Navy makes its requirements determinations and how the Navy has ended up in a long supply position on many items. The proposed Naval Supply Systems Command's termination model is examined in detail. Recommendations are given for potential improvements in this model which should result in more accurate determinations of the actual costs involved in a termination decision. An alternative decision model is proposed which, if implemented in the Navy, will assist both item managers and buyers in making the best business decisions on whether to terminate a contract for items in long supply or allow it to continue to completion. Keywords: Inventory models, Spare parts. (KR)

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Berger, Steven W. « An evaluation of contract termination models for secondary items in long supply ». Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA238636.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990.
Thesis Advisor(s): Hart, E. Neil. Second Reader: Trietsch, Dan. "June 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 19, 2009. DTIC Descriptor(s): Inventory, navy, contracts, decision making, models, secondary, variables, decision theory, supervisors, management personnel, supplies, naval logistics, online systems, timeliness, determination, naval aviation, naval equipment, mathematical models, requirements DTIC Indicator(s): Long supply, decision models, navy, inventory control points, contract terminations, excess materials, secondary items. Author(s) subject terms: Contract terminations, excess material, long supply, spare parts, secondary items, Navy inventory control point Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-129). Also available in print.

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Bueno, Isabelle Ferrarini. « Da extinção do acordo de acionistas por causa superveniente ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/169684.

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O acordo de acionistas é instrumento que serve à adequação da disciplina societária aos interesses pessoais e patrimoniais dos acionistas. Tais acordos têm natureza jurídica contratual e parassocial, em razão de estarem intrinsecamente ligados aos pactos sociais. Em razão de serem contratos e, portanto, estarem submetidos à teoria geral dos contratos, e, ao mesmo tempo, estarem tão fortemente coligados à seara social, surgem dificuldades na resolução de questões limítrofes entre o direito civil e o direito societário. Esses problemas aparecem especialmente quando se trata da extinção por causa superveniente do acordo, existindo dúvidas na doutrina e na jurisprudência quanto à possibilidade de aplicação aos pactos parassociais das hipóteses de extinção aplicáveis aos contratos em geral. Com o objetivo de auxiliar na solução dessa questão, no presente estudo, são examinadas as causas supervenientes de extinção dos contratos, mais especificamente, as hipóteses de expiração de termo ou de implemento de condição resolutiva, de resilição, de resolução, por inadimplemento ou por onerosidade excessiva, de impossibilidade superveniente inimputável, de morte das partes, e, ainda, os cenários em que existe insolvência ou dissolução das partes ou da própria sociedade, os quais têm, após um exame genérico quanto a seus aspectos conceituais, verificada a sua aplicabilidade ao acordo de acionistas e os efeitos que produzem em sua esfera. São respeitados, contudo, os temperamentos necessários em decorrência de sua natureza parassocietária.
The shareholders’ agreement is an instrument that serves the adequacy of the corporate discipline to the shareholders’ personal and equity interests. Such agreements have the legal nature of contracts that are inserted in the companies’ corporate structure, being intrinsically connected to the bylaws and to the companies’ articles of associations. Because they are contracts, and therefore are subject to the general theory of contracts, and at the same time are so strongly linked to the corporate sphere, difficulties arise in solving border issues between Civil Law and Corporate Law. These problems appear especially when it comes to the termination of the agreements because of supervening causes, leaving scholars and courts in doubt as to the possibility of applying to the shareholders’ agreements the extinction hypotheses applicable to contracts in general. With the aim of assisting in the solution of this issue, the present study examines the supervening causes of termination of shareholders’ agreements, more specifically, the hypothesis of expiration of the term or implementation of a condition, terminations with and without cause, unenforceable supervening impossibility, death of the parties, and also the scenarios in which there is insolvency or dissolution of the parties in the agreement or of the company itself, which, after a general examination of their conceptual aspects, were submitted to a verification concerning their applicability to the shareholders' agreement and concerning the effects to be produced on such agreements, respecting, however, their nature as contracts inserted in the corporate structure.

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Cjuro, Vera Cinthia Mirella. « The Compliance with the Resolutory Condition as a Causal Valid of Extinction in the Work Contracts with an Indefinite Term : Temporary Indefinite Contracts ? » Derecho & ; Sociedad, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117284.

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In this article, the author analyses whether Peruvian labor law permit the incorporation of a resolutive condition in undetermined contracts of employment. To do so, the author annotates a particular case of Peru, as well as some judgments of the Spanish Court of Justice.
En el presente artículo, la autora analiza si a la luz de las normas laborales que regulan las causales de extinción de los contratos de trabajo, es posible que las partes puedan incorporar válidamente una condición resolutoria en contratos a plazo indeterminado. Para ello, comenta un caso particular peruano, así como algunos pronunciamientos del Tribunal Supremo español.

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Zanetti, Andrea Cristina. « Denúncia nos contratos privados de assistência à saúde ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20843.

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The purposes of this work is understanding the role of termination without cause in long-term contracts and contracts for an indefinite term, as well as their current limits, which are established in particular by the principle of good faith. To such end, in order to direct and deepen the topic, our approach focuses specifically on private healthcare contracts, a contract subject to term that exemplifies the complexity of current contractual relations and demonstrates the process of fragmentation of private law in different microsystems, which also impacts on unilateral notice as a form of termination of the contractual relationship and a kind of unilateral termination for convenience. Generally, in the perspective of unilateral termination without cause, the operability of good faith allows its control to occur in two distinct moments: upon controlling the contractual content (providing guidelines for or restricting unilateral termination) and upon controlling actual exercise of the right (by means of the observance of certain obligations, respect to codes of conduct and repression of the undue, disproportionate and illegitimate use of this form of extinction of the contract). These controls and their consequences are what may result in the invalidity of the contractual provision, the right to indemnification and even in maintaining or extending the effectiveness of the contract. This demonstrates the current dimension attributed to good faith in the control of unilateral termination, which is gradually intensified depending on the contractual microsystem involved and whether it is a business or existential (essential) contract. In view of this new perspective, the issue of unilateral termination in contracts governed by the microlegal framework of Law 9,656/1998 (Health Plans Act) is presented from the perspective of the speciality and essentiality of its contractual object, which influence the operability of good faith and requires acknowledgment of the microsystem in which it is inserted, and which also needs to relate to the other subsystems that form Private Law, in a coherent and systematic interpretation in the search for possible solutions to the issue, mainly due to the fact that the aforementioned law does not clearly deal with this form of termination regarding the different parties involved in private healthcare contracts
Este trabalho tem por finalidade compreender o papel da denúncia desmotivada nos contratos por tempo indeterminado e de longa duração, bem como seus atuais limites, dados especialmente pela boa-fé objetiva. Para tanto, aborda especificamente os contratos privados de assistência à saúde, por se tratar de um contrato de duração que exemplifica a complexidade das relações contratuais atuais e que demonstra o processo de fragmentação do direito privado em diferentes microssistemas, o que também impacta na denúncia como forma de cessação da relação contratual e espécie de resilição unilateral. De maneira geral, a operabilidade da boa-fé, na perspectiva da denúncia desmotivada, permite que seu controle ocorra em dois momentos distintos: controle do conteúdo contratual (com o direcionamento ou restrição da cláusula de denúncia); e controle de exercício (que ocorre mediante a observância de determinadas obrigações, respeito a deveres de conduta e combate ao uso desvirtuado, desproporcional e ilegítimo dessa forma de extinção do contrato). São esses controles e suas consequências que podem resultar na invalidade da disposição contratual, no direito à indenização e até mesmo na manutenção ou extensão da eficácia do contrato, demonstrando as dimensões atuais que a boa-fé alcança no controle da denúncia e que se intensificam gradualmente, conforme o microssistema contratual e segundo se trate de um contrato empresarial ou existencial (essencial). Diante dessa nova perspectiva, a questão da denúncia nos contratos regidos pelo micro-ordenamento da Lei no 9.656/1998 (Lei dos Planos de Saúde) é apresentada por meio da especialidade e essencialidade de seu objeto contratual, o que influencia na operabilidade da boa-fé e demanda o reconhecimento do microssistema em que está inserido, o qual também necessita se relacionar com outros subsistemas que compõem o Direito Privado, em uma interpretação coerente e sistemática na busca de possíveis soluções para a temática, sobretudo pelo fato de a referida lei não tratar com clareza dessa forma extintiva para as diferentes partes que compõem os contratos privados de assistência à saúde

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Holoubková, Aneta. « Rozvazování pracovních poměrů ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150146.

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The final thesis deals with the theme of termination of employment contracts from the perspective of the law and the practice of the company. The aim of thesis is to introduce the reader to the issue of employment termination, to show the changes of Act No. 262/2006 Coll. Labour Code that became effective on January 1, 2012 with amendment No. 365/2011 Coll. in the theme of this thesis and to identify practices of employment termination in the monitored company. The methods used are observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis. In the theme of termination of employment contracts, the focus is given to termination by the employee, employer or by mutual agreement and also to invalid employment termination. However, the reader is in the first chapters familiarized with employment relations and subjects of these relations as well. A separate part of the thesis is concerned on the practice of company doing business in the banking sector, in this part are described practices of this company in terminating employment relationships and the impact of the amendment to the Labour Code on the monitored company.

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Barceló, Compte Rosa. « Ventaja injusta y protección de la parte débil del contrato ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/662729.

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El presente estudio centra su atención en la utilidad y regulación de la figura de la ventaja injusta que deviene un instrumento eficaz para combatir contratos excesivamente desequilibrados en perjuicio de una de las partes contratantes. El legislador catalán, a raíz de la aprobación del Libro Sexto del Código civil de Cataluña, ha querido dar un paso adelante en cuanto a la previsión de normativas que aspiran a lograr un Derecho contractual con un carácter marcadamente social mediante la introducción de la ventaja injusta, pionera en el entorno del Estado español. La finalidad de esta figura es la de proteger la integridad del consentimiento; dotar de una acción para combatir las consecuencias injustas de aquel consentimiento que se prestó apresuradamente y sin plena libertad de elección, y solucionar, a su vez, una falta de equivalencia objetiva entre las prestaciones. Para ello ha dado lugar a una institución autónoma de protección de la parte débil que se sitúa entre la justicia sustantiva y la justicia procedimental. Asimismo, el legislador ha aprovechado la ocasión para refrendar y generalizar la institución histórica de la rescisión por lesión que permite recuperar el equilibrio económico al que tienden los contratos estructuralmente onerosos. El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en el estudio de la institución de la ventaja injusta mediante un análisis crítico que destaca los beneficios que supone la incorporación de dicha figura en el ordenamiento jurídico y a su vez, plantea propuestas de modificación sobre la regulación introducida a partir del estudio de las propuestas armonizadoras del Derecho contractual europeo y de los códigos de nuestro entorno.
Aquest estudi centra la seva atenció en la utilitat i regulació de la figura de l’avantatge injust que esdevé un instrument eficaç per a combatre contractes manifestament desequilibrats en perjudici d’una de les parts contractants. El legislador català, amb l’aprovació del Llibre Sisè del Codi civil de Catalunya, ha fet un pas endavant en la previsió de normes de caire social que propugnen un Dret contractual més just, mitjançant la introducció de l’avantatge injust, figura pionera en l’entorn de l’Estat espanyol. La finalitat d’aquest instrument és protegir la integritat del consentiment que es va prestar apressadament i amb una voluntat no del tot lliure, i solucionar, així mateix, una manca d’equivalència objectiva entre les prestacions intercanviades per les parts. Per això s’ha incorporat una institució autònoma de protecció de la part dèbil emplaçada entre la justícia substantiva i la justícia procedimental. Alhora, el legislador ha mantingut i generalitzat la històrica norma de la rescissió per lesió que permet recuperar l’equilibri econòmic a què tendeixen els contractes estructuralment onerosos. Aquest treball d’investigació centra el seu àmbit d’estudi en la institució de l’avantatge injust a través d’un anàlisi crític que en destaca els beneficis que pot significar la seva incorporació en l’ordenament jurídic i, al mateix temps, planteja propostes de modificació sobre la regulació introduïda a partir de l’estudi de les propostes harmonitzadores del Dret contractual europeu i dels codis civils del nostre entorn.
The subject of the present study is the utility and regulation of the so-called ‘unfair advantage’ rule, which has become an effective instrument against contracts that are excessively unbalanced to the detriment of the weaker party. The Catalan legislator, after the adoption of Book VI of the Catalan Civil Code, has taken a step forward through the introduction of an ‘unfair advantage’ rule with the aim to achieve social justice in contract law; as such, the Catalan legislator is a pioneer in the Spanish legal environment. The objective of this rule is to protect the integrity of consent; to provide for an action to challenge the unjust consequences arising from consent that was given hastily and not in complete freedom; and to solve, at the same time, a lack of objective equality between the performance of the parties. To that end, an autonomous legal basis has been introduced for the protection of the weaker party, situated between procedural and substantive justice. Furthermore, the Catalan legislator has endorsed and expanded the historical concept of laesio enormis, that is intended to restore the economic balance and allows for rescission of contracts leaning toward being unreasonably onerous. The main focus of the research is on the institution of ‘unfair advantage’ by means of a critical analysis that highlights the potential of the introduction of this rule in private law. In addition, it proposes amendments to the Catalan regulation, drawing from the study of the proposals for the harmonization of European contract law and the legal systems around us.

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Lee, Myoungki. « Three essays on applied contracting ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1153714667.

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Souza, Tercio Roberto Peixoto. « A negociação coletiva e a extinção compulsória do contrato de trabalho ». Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10755.

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A presente dissertação parte do pluralismo e da democracia nas relações de trabalho para identificar alguns contornos das relações coletivas no direito brasileiro. Digo que a eficácia da negociação coletiva encontra-se vinculada à melhoria das condições dos trabalhadores em bem-estar social. Digo ainda que em função dessa necessidade o “pleno emprego” impõe a adoção de todos os instrumentos cabíveis inclusive a possível extinção dos contratos de trabalho em vigor para o acesso de novos trabalhadores a um mesmo posto de trabalho; tudo para concluir que é possível negociação coletiva em que se imponha a extinção compulsória dos contratos de trabalho.
Salvador

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Ferraz, Patricia Sá Moreira de Figueiredo. « A onerosidade excessiva na revisão e extinção dos contratos : a concorrência na aplicação da regra dos arts. 317 e 478 do código civil vigente ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-16052016-163448/.

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A presente dissertação tem como tema central a onerosidade excessiva na revisão e extinção dos contratos no direito civil brasileiro. Ela aborda as hipóteses de rompimento do princípio do equilíbrio econômico contratual na fase de execução dos contratos em virtude da superveniência de fatos extraordinários e imprevisíveis que interrompem sua originária relação de equivalência. O presente estudo divide-se em seis grandes partes. Em primeiro lugar, fazem-se necessárias uma introdução e uma descrição da problemática relacionada ao tema. Em seguida, apresenta-se a origem histórica da revisão e da extinção contratual a partir do exame da cláusula rebus sic stantibus. Feito isso, são relatadas as teorias que as fundamentam pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência antes do advento do texto legal expresso que trata da matéria. Concluída essa fase histórica, analisa-se o direito positivo brasileiro vigente, primeiramente, por questões cronológicas, a revisão por onerosidade excessiva no Código de Defesa do Consumidor. Posteriormente, as disposições legais inseridas no Código Civil que possibilitam a revisão e resolução dos contratos por onerosidade excessiva, com uma análise dogmática dos pressupostos positivos e negativos necessários à aplicação dos arts. 317 e 478 do Código Civil. Em seguida, o estudo procura analisar algumas questões pontuais relacionadas à aplicação dos dois artigos, tais como: (i) quem tem legitimidade e interesse para requerer a revisão e resolução dos contratos, de acordo com os arts. 317 e 478 do Código Civil, respectivamente; (ii) qual é o papel do juiz na revisão e resolução dos contratos, de acordo com os arts. 317 e 478 do Código Civil, respectivamente; e (iii) se há concorrência na aplicação desses artigos ou deve ser observado um procedimento sequencial em atenção ao princípio da preservação dos contratos. Finalmente, o trabalho apresenta breve síntese e conclusões.
This dissertation brings at its core the topic of excessive burden on the revision and termination of contracts pursuant to Brazilian Civil Law. Accordingly, this study discusses the hypothesis of breaking the principle of contractual economic balance in the execution phase of contracts, due to the supervenience of extraordinary and unpredictable facts, which interrupts its original equivalence relation. The current study is divided into six major parts. It is necessary at first to consider the introduction and delimitation of the core subject. Ensuingly, the historical origin regarding the revision and termination of contracts is presented, pursuant to the contemplation of the rebus sic stantibus clause. Subsequently, the theories used as grounds are laid down, through Brazilian doctrine and case law, prior to the upcoming of the express legal text dealing with the subject. Upon the conclusion of the historical phase, the Civil Code the current ruling positive law is analyzed, as to explain the concept of excessive burden present in the Consumer Code. Sequentially, the legal dispositions inserted in the Civil Code, which enable the revision and resolution of contracts through excessive burden, bearing a dogmatic analysis of the positive and negative assumptions necessary to the application of articles 317 and 478 of the Civil Code. Certain correlated topics are then also dealt with, complementing the understanding and analysis of the aforementioned articles of the Civil Code, such as: (i) who possesses the legitimacy and interest in requesting the revision and resolution of contracts, pursuant to articles 317 and 478 of the Civil Code, respectively; (ii) what exactly is the role of the judge in the revision and resolution of contracts, according to articles 317 and 478 of the Civil Code, respectively; and (iii) whether said articles in anyway clash in their application or if a sequential procedure directed at the preservation of contracts must be observed. Finally, the study presents a brief summary and conclusions.

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Cordeiro, Luiz Henrique Machado. « O adimplemento imperfeito no direito brasileiro ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/183330.

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O presente trabalho visa apresentar um panorama geral a respeito da terceira espécie de inadimplemento no Direito brasileiro, considerando os esforços da doutrina e da jurisprudência em nosso sistema jurídico no trato deste tema, bem como considerando aspectos relevantes colhidos na experiência estrangeira. Na tentativa de contribuir para debate, será apresentada uma proposição para a identificação dessa terceira espécie de inadimplemento no Direito brasileiro.
The present work aims to present an overview regarding the third kind of default in Brazilian law, considering the efforts of the doctrine and of the jurisprudence in our legal system in dealing with this issue, as well as considering relevant aspects gathered from the experience of foreign law. In an attempt to contribute to debate, a proposition will be presented for the identification of this third kind of default in Brazilian law.

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Jankauskienė, Daiva. « Atlygintinų paslaugų sutarties ypatumai ». Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130626_092049-07360.

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Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojama atlygintinų paslaugų teikimo sutartis, jos nuostatas reglamentuojantys Lietuvos Respublikos bei kiti Europos Sąjungos teisės aktai, mokslinė literatūra bei Lietuvos Aukščiausiojo Teismo praktika nagrinėjama tema. Vykdant darbo pradžioje iškeltus uždavinius, pateikiama atlygintinų paslaugų teikimo sutarties samprata ir specifika, apžvelgiama jos sudarymo, vykdymo bei sutarties sąlygų ir šalių keitimo tvarka, analizuojamos šios sutarties šalių teisių ir pareigų, atsakomybės ribos. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados, išdėstomi argumentai iškeltai hipotezei pagrįsti. Darbo apimtis - 73 puslapiai.
This master's work analyzes contract of repayable services, the legislation of the Republic of Lithuania and European Union, scientific literature and practice of Lithuanian Supreme Court which is related on this topic. In order to implement the tasks, which were set in the beginning of master’s work, author presents the concept and main peculiarities of the contracts of repayable services, contracts compiling, implementation, and possibilities to change the conditions or countries of repayable services contract’s. Also this work presents analyzes of parties rights and obligations, liability limits of this agreement. In the end of this master’s work author presents the conclusions and arguments to approve the raised hypothesis. This master’s work contents 73 pages.

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Douteaud, Stéphanie. « La stabilisation des contrats de l'administration par le juge de la validité ». Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU2030/document.

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En une décennie, le Conseil d’État a profondément modifié les termes de la contestation juridictionnelle des contrats des personnes publiques. À une politique de stabilisation formelle de la chose contractée, agissant sur l’accès au juge du contrat, a succédé une politique de stabilisation matérielle. Le recul du principe d’irrecevabilité des conclusions d’annulation dirigées contre le contrat s’est accompagné d’une rigidification du prononcé de l’annulation. La mise en évidence d’une irrégularité propre à justifier la disparition rétroactive du contrat de l’acte a été volontairement compliquée.Chaque étape de l’instance est affectée par le phénomène de stabilisation. À tous les moments de l’examen du contrat, des techniques juridictionnelles sont susceptibles d’écarter le risque d’annulation rétroactive de l’acte. En cela, la stabilisation est transversale.La doctrine a maintes fois souligné ses manifestations au stade de la sanction du contrat. Dorénavant, en présence d’une irrégularité, le juge du contrat dispose de pouvoirs de sanction différenciés et adaptés à la gravité du vice. En conséquence, le contrat vicié n’est plus nécessairement exposé à l’annulation. Les pouvoirs de sanction qui autorisent un maintien partiel ou total du contrat irrégulier sont caractéristiques de la stabilisation palliative. Mais le conditionnement du régime de l’action contentieuse affecte également l’examen juridictionnel stricto sensu. Le droit de critique du contrat s’exerce à présent dans un périmètre plus réduit qu’auparavant. C’est ainsi que d’autres procédés juridictionnels agissent sur la caractérisation de l’irrégularité. Ils ont pour effet de repousser la déclaration d’irrégularité. Dans cette perspective, la stabilisation est préventive.L’ouvrage propose une étude d’ensemble du phénomène stabilisateur. Suivant la chronologie du procès fait au contrat, la stabilisation préventive est appréhendée avant la stabilisation palliative du contrat
Within a decade, the Conseil d’Etat deeply changed the terms of the judicial complaints towards public persons’ contracts. A policy of substantive stabilization replaced a former policy of formal stabilization of the res contracted – which was influencing the access to the judge of the contract. The decline of the rule of inadmissibility of the claims for anulment towards the contract came together with a tensioning on the anulment sentencing. The claim for an irregularity justifying the contract retroactive disappearence has been intentionally complicated.Each step of the proceedings is impacted by the phenomenon of stabilization. At each moment of the contract examination, judicial techniques are likely to eliminate the risk of retroactive anulment of the contract. This shows that the stabilization is transversal. Legal doctrine showed many times those occurrences at the step of the penalty on the contract. From now on, facing an irregularity, the judge of the contract may use some powers of penalty, quite different and adapted to the seriousness ouf the irregularity. Thus, the irregular contract is not necessarily supposed to be anulled. Powers of penalty that allow a partial or global maintenance of an irregular contract are typical examples of a palliative stabilization. But the conditioning of the legal action system also impacts the strictly speaking judicial examination of the contract. The right to contest the contract may now be exercised in a more reduced scope. In this way, other legal processes act on the charcaterisation of the irregularity. The serve to reject the statement of irregularity. From this perspective, this is a preventive stabilization.This work provides an overview study of the stabilization phenomenon. Regarding the timeline of the contract trial, the preventive stabilization will is first presented, before the palliative one

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Chicheportiche, Laura. « Les ruptures d'un commun accord du contrat de travail ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020086.

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Longtemps délaissé, l’accord est aujourd’hui au coeur du processus de rupture du contrat de travail. A la suspicion qui entourait l’expression commune des volontés est substituée la confiance. La légalisation de la rupture d’un commun accord du contrat de travail par la loi du25 juin 2008 sous le nom de rupture conventionnelle en témoigne. Cette réforme a bouleversé le droit de la rupture du contrat de travail. Même s’il est acquis depuis longtemps que les parties peuvent mettre un terme d’un commun accord au contrat qui les unit sur le fondement de l’article 1134 du Code civil, cette modalité de rupture n’a longtemps été utilisée que de manière très ponctuelle. L’absence d’encadrement de cette technique et les restrictions apportées à son champ d’application l’expliquent en partie. La reconnaissance du commun accord comme mode de rupture spécifique du contrat de travail, auquel est attaché un régime précis et autonome, pourrait signifier la fin de l’utilisation de la rupture d’un commun accord de droit commun, considérée comme peu adaptée aux relations de travail. Un tel régime pourrait également mettre un terme au monopole détenu par les ruptures unilatérales, en particulier le licenciement. Une large prise en compte du dispositif de rupture conventionnelle est de nature à contribuer à l’apaisement et à l’équilibre des relations de travail
Initially relinquished, mutual agreement is now at the heart of the process of terminating the employment contract. There has been an evolution tending to the shift from suspicion towards mutual agreement as a termination device to the trust in such means. This acquired trust is best illustrated by the recognition of employment termination via mutual agreement by the Act dated June, 25th 2008. The reform introduced by this Act transformed the legal regime applicable to the termination of employment contracts. Despite the fact that Article 1134 of the French Civil Code has long granted parties the possibility to terminate the contract binding them by mutually agreeing to do so, such mode of termination has only been resorted to on a fairly limited basis. This phenomenon can notably be explained by both the lack of clear legal framework applicable to this device, and the restrictions imposed on its ambit. The recognition of termination of the employment contract via mutual agreement as a device specifically applied in the field of labor law, as well as the definition of a specific and independent regime would be likely to give rise to ending the resort to Article 1134, whose scope is only general and not specifically tailored to labor relations. The implementation of this specific regime could put an end to the monopoly held by unilateral terminations of the employment contract, particularly the method of dismissal. A broad consideration of termination of the employment contract via mutual agreement can also contribute to the appeasement and balance in labor relations

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Gorelli, Hernández Juan. « Delimitation of the Non-Fixed Indefinite Worker of Public Administrations in Spain ». Derecho & ; Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117392.

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With this study the status of “non-fixed indefinite” in the service of the government workers is analyzed. The “no permanent fixed” are those workers who although initially had a temporary contract with an administration, it has become indefinite due to irregularities thereof. Analyze how Spanish jurisprudence has tried to strike a balance between labor interests (of job security) and public (the constitutional principles of equality, merit and ability in access to public service).
Con este estudio, se analiza la situación jurídica de los trabajadores “indefinidos no fijos” al servicio de las Administraciones Públicas, es decir, aquellos que si bien, inicialmente, tenían un contrato de carácter temporal, éste se ha convertido en indefinido como consecuencia de las irregularidades del mismo. Analizaremos, cómo la jurisprudencia española ha intentado establecer un cierto equilibrio entre los intereses laborales (de estabilidad en el empleo) y los públicos (los principios constitucionales de igualdad, mérito y capacidad en el acceso a la función pública).

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Carvalho, Marcos Moreira de. « Análise jurídica da declaração de inidoneidade ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8909.

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This work carries out a juridical analysis of the administrative sanction declaration of ineligibility. This is a type of penalty regulated in Law 8,666/93, which applies to private bidders and contractors that intentionally or culpably cause harm to the public interest, or transgress principles and rules that govern the juridical system of Administrative Law. The study is based, clearly, on the text of the Law, with emphasis on the content of the sanctioning act, through the use of the deductive method, identifying within the functions of the State the administrative function through to the exercise of sanctioning activity in relations between parties to contracts, and bidding procedures. We conclude that it is possible to apply this sanction, in accordance with the legislation in force, without the need for the inclusion of new rules. The lack of academic works on this subject, and its relevance today, prompted us to analyze the declaration of ineligibility
O trabalho tem por fim analisar juridicamente a sanção administrativa - declaração de inidoneidade. Trata-se de uma espécie de penalidade prevista na Lei 8.666/93, aplicável aos particulares licitantes e contratados que, dolosa ou culposamente, causarem prejuízo ao interesse público ou transgredirem princípios e regras informadores do regime jurídico de Direito Administrativo. O estudo parte, por óbvio, do texto da Lei, com ênfase ao conteúdo do ato sancionador, para mediante utilização do método dedutivo, identificar dentre as funções do Estado a função administrativa até o exercício da atividade sancionadora nas relações contratuais e nos procedimentos licitação. Concluímos pela possibilidade de se aplicar tal sanção, consoante a legislação vigente, sem necessidade de inclusão de novas regras. A falta de monografia sobre o assunto e a sua atualidade encorajou-nos a detalhar a declaração de inidoneidade

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Bagdonaitė, de Jesus Kristina. « Terminuotos darbo sutarties sudarymo ir nutraukimo ypatumai ». Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2004~D_20050606_223505-83459.

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Conclusion and termination of fixed-term work agreements has influence on legal status of employees, work quality, efficiency of undertaking’s activity as well as provides parties with opportunities to individualize operating conditions and implement reasonable objectives, increases employment. In addition to common labour law norms, according to peculiarities of employment relations there are also rights and guaranties determined by special legal norms applied to fixed-term work agreements. With reference to summarized experience of national legal regulation in Lithuania and other foreign countries, European Union labour law acts, judicial practice and research work results of other authors this work deals with legal employment relationship existing between employer and employee in the process of conclusion and termination of a fixed-term work agreement and paying the main attention to their particularities in the whole of similar relations. It analyzes the machinery of given legal relations’ regulation. There is a conception of a fixed-term work agreement presented. It determines the parties of this legal relation and the content of a fixed-term agreement settled by them. Fixed-term employment meets labour market requirements in upsurge of flexible work organization forms. One of these forms is also a fixed-term work agreement.

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Vambe, Beauty. « A comparative analysis of cancellation, discharge and avoidance as a remedy for breach of contract in South African law, English law and the Convention for International Sale of Goods (CISG) ». Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21717.

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The aim of the thesis was to critically compare termination of contracts in South Africa, England and the CISG. It was found out that South Africa prefers to use the term cancellation because it is a remedy of last resort. The problem with cancellation is that is a drastic step of bringing the transaction to an abrupt and premature end, which is only used when a material breach occurs. English law uses the term discharge as it refers to the ending of the obligations under the contract when a breach occurred and represents the point at which one party is no longer bound by its’ contractual obligations and claims damages. Chapter 3 argued that though discharge goes beyond cancellation it does not cater for diverse domestic rules which need uniform international laws. Chapter 4 discussed and argued that avoidance is a term that was chosen by the CISG to end a contract when a fundamental breach occurs. There were problems on interpretation of terms and use of diverse domestic rules. The advantage of the term avoidance is that it is a technical term adopted and given a uniform meaning in the CISG where interpretation of terms and diverse domestic rules did not apply. Avoidance furthermore comprised concepts of rescission and termination. From the above it was argued that South Africa needs to develop new terms for termination of a contract and create new laws along the lines of the CISG.
Private Law
LL. M.

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You, Kou-Ching, et 游國清. « The Study of Public Construction Contracts Litigation &Rescission ». Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49682935299754200970.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
89
For it takes long time,during the executing period of public construction disputes are unavoidable to arise .Among all kind of disputes,it’s the most time-consuming and tough thing to rescind or terminate a contract, not only resulting the loss of national resources,but it’s also the unwilling thing for the procuring entity and suppliers.The government procurement law (or sublaws)and the engineering procurement contract copy issued by The Public Construction Commission(PCC.) and Construction and Planning Administration of Ministry of Interior also have some regulations and norms for the procuring entity to refer to. Nevertheless,in additoned to lack of completeness and perfection of the regulations or norms mentioned above, the not consistent executive manners of different procuring entity often cause the need of resorting to mediation,arbitration,or litigation to the PCC.Therefore,it’s necessary to find an effective way to promote the administration efficiency of the government and reduce the squander of national resources. This study is to establish fair and reasonable public construction contracts and set up an effective processing methods of the rescission or termination of public constrcution by means of searching the regulations regarding rescission and termination of the present laws(statutes) or the public construction contracts executed by the procuring entity,the question-and-answer investigation of the undertakers,design sections,and contractors, probing to the legal character of public construciton contracts, the reasonable distribution of risk between the procuring entity and contractors,and the past processing examples of the rescission or termination of public constrcution,etc. By means of the consolution and suggestions proposed by the study, ,it will substantially redcuce the time of handling foregoing troubles, producing a fairer and more reasonable results,and effectively promote the image of government organizations.

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Huang, Chi, et 黃琪. « A Study on the Damages of Termination of Contracts ». Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n7erkv.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
107
According to Article 260 of Civil Code of R.O.C.: “The exercise of the right of rescission does not prejudice to the claim for compensation.”, creditors are still allowed to claim damages after they rescind a contract. However, the Article doesn’t specify the nature or coverage of the compensation, resulting in great dispute of different explanations. This thesis mainly deals with three of the most important issues regarding Article 260: First, the courts and prevailing literature in Taiwan hold that the damages in Article 260 is that of expectation interest, which is the transformation of the original obligation after the contract is rescinded. Meanwhile, the courts and literature also hold that when a contract is rescinded, it will be extinguished from the beginning. Nonetheless, it becomes difficult to explain why a creditor can claim damages of expectation interest out of a contract that doesn’t exist. In Germany, the prevailing theory contends that “rescission” doesn’t extinguish a contract from the beginning, but only transform the obligation of the contract promise to restitution, which forms a perfect solution to the contradiction. In this sense, however, it might be no longer proper to use the term “rescission”, since in common law it mostly refers to the situation where a contract is cancelled from the beginning when it is formed under fraud, duress, or undue influence. Instead, the term “termination” will be more appropriate and correspond to the international uniform law instruments. Secondly, the courts and literature in Taiwan argue that the creditor can still claim for damages in lieu of performance after a contract is terminated. However, along with the effect of restitution under Article 259 of the Civil Code, it can result in double-profiting of the creditor. Thus, we should reexamine the relation between “damages in lieu of performance” and “restitution”. This thesis claims that when a contract is terminated, “restitution” should first take place to reimburse the damages of the creditor, and the compensation of expectation interest deals with the rest of the damages resulted from the breach. This method works both in the civil law and common law systems. Finally, the civil cases No. 1188 (decided in 1966) and No. 2727 (decided in 1966) of the Supreme Court have long prevented the creditors from claiming the damages that happen after the termination of contracts, despite the fact that those damages are often damages of expectation interest. On the other hand, some argues that although “damages rose after the termination” can be recovered, “damages rose because of the termination” should be precluded from compensation. This thesis holds that all of the damages above are damages of expectation interest, and thus should be compensated as long as there is a causal link between the damage and the breach of the debtor, regardless of it happens before or after the termination.

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Hsu, Feng-Chin, et 許鳳琴. « A Study on the Termination of Public Construction Contracts – Using Project Re-Contracting as an Example ». Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/947yg8.

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碩士
國立中央大學
土木工程學系在職專班
105
Abstract . In all engineering projects, when owners sign contracts with contractors, the primary concern for both sides is that the project can be completed as scheduled. However, the contract periods for large engineering projects often last several years or even longer. During such extended periods, contractors or owners may become unable to continue to contract fulfillment as a result of unexpected changes occurring to their financial capacity or ability to fulfill the contract or the market in general. Above all, government projects are normally awarded to the lowest bid. If projects are awarded to businesses that lack the right capacity or financial means to fuifll the contract, they will be more than likely to end up gettting terminated. This paper aims to examine the re-contracting conditions of public construction projects. A literature review was first performed to elucidate the reasons for the failure to perform in general construction projects and subsequent measures. Data were then collected from existing re-contracting projects to analyze the termination of contracts that had undergone two lowest-price bids , identify/evaluate the contractors’ reclamation of the construction site, return of performance bond, and settlement of completed construction items, and calculate the price difference for remaining work done by the re-contractor. These factors severely influence the schedules of public construction projects. Although an extensive reevaluation revealed that contracts should be awarded to the most favorable tender, contract termination situations still occurred. Based on the case study outcomes obtained in this paper, an objective reevaluation was performed to highlight the favorable practices of various departments. Countermeasures for the research conclusion and suggestions for the development of evaluation times were presented to safeguard public construction projects from all potential influence factors and achieve schedule and quality goals.

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Lang, Shih-Yeu, et 郎世瑀. « A STUDY ON THE LEGAL PROBLEMS IN GOVERNMENT-PROCUREMENT CONTRACTS : FOCUSED ON CONTRACT-TERMINATION FOR CONTRACTORS-LIABLE CAUSES ». Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58372344978281671557.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋法律研究所
100
The Government Procurement Law has been implemented for over ten years. Revised for many times, the law still keeps pace with the times; procurement personnel in related institutions and the tender participatory manufacturers are all subject to the regulations stipulated in the laws, decrees and operational procedures. However, on the grounds of increasingly complicated procurement disputes as well as different positions between institutions and manufacturers, oppositions, litis and even waste of public funds and judicial resources inevitably happen from time to time. In order to avoid and solve such conflicts effectively, the thesis conducts an exploration on the nature of government procurement and summarizes dispute types from the perspective of the dissolution or termination of contracts. As for the systems and stipulations inflicting accountability of manufacturers, dissolution of contracts, rights suspension system and relief procedures, the research quotes all the conflict relief channels in the government procurement and refers to cases for discussion with an expectation to clarify the solutions to problems. It’s hoped that through researching and analyzing the theories of contractual obligations and procurement conflicts arising from government procurement in the legal field, and discussing related legal practice and cases, this thesis will realize the improvement of handling procedures regarding problems and conflicts and publish the results for obtaining public trust. For the case that contract is cancelled or terminated attributable to manufacturers, the research, after considering the factors including opinion gaps between the subject and object, conflicts of interests, rights and obligations and legal interpretation etc, adopts the fair and square handling principle, so as to avoid the adverse loss and responsibility, reduce performance costs and legal risks, ensure reasonable competition, expand the business sources and the implementation of procurement purposes, and propose proper advice regarding the weakness of the operation procedures and regulations, expecting to improve the efficiency and function of procurement effectively.

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Lombard, Marianne. « Regulation of fixed-term contracts under the South African Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 ». Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26950.

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In this thesis the position of parties under a fixed-term agreement under section 14 of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 is analysed critically. The purpose of this thesis is first to establish whether parties to a fixed-term agreement are better protected in terms of section 14 of the CPA when the consumer needs to terminate the contract based on the material failure to perform by the supplier, than under the common law. Second, this thesis explores whether the maximum duration of fixed-term agreements should be limited by statute. Various aspects affecting parties to these agreements, for instance the freedom to contract, pacta servanda sunt, and standard-form agreements, are considered. The South African position is then compared to the position in Singapore under the Consumer Protection (Fair Trading) Act, and to the United Kingdom under the Consumer Rights Act, to gain perspective and objectively evaluate the provisions of section 14 of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 to establish whether South Africa can benefit from lessons learnt from these jurisdictions. Finally, principle-based amendments to the provisions of the CPA are recommended to improve the position of the consumer under fixed-term agreements to effect best practice solutions and ensure adherence to the aims and purposes of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 and international guidelines. This thesis is based on the law as at 18 June 2020, found in sources available in South Africa, and Singaporean law available in the database of the National University of Singapore.
Hierdie proefskrif is ’n kritiese analise van die posisie van partye tot vastetermynkontrakte ingevolge artikel 14 van die Suid-Afrikaanse verbruikersbeskermingswetgewing, die Consumer Protection Act 68 van 2008 (CPA). Die doel van die analise is eerstens om vas te stel of partye tot ’n vastetermynkontrak ingevolge artikel 14 van die CPA beter beskerming geniet ingevolge die CPA wanneer die verbruiker die vastetermynkontrak moet beëindig weens die wesenlike wanprestasie deur die verskaffer, as ingevolge die gemenereg. Tweedens ondersoek die proefskrif of dit wenslik is dat die maksimum duur van vastetermynkontrakte deur wetgewing beperk word. Verskeie aspekte wat die posisie van partye tot vastetermynkontrakte beïnvloed word ondersoek, onder andere kontrakteervryheid, die leerstuk pacta servanda sunt en standaardkontrakte. Die Suid-Afrikaanse posisie word dan vergelyk met dié in Singapoer, ingevolge die Consumer Protection (Fair Trading) Act (CPFTA), en die Verenigde Koninkryk, ingevolge die Consumer Rights Act (CRA) om perspektief te kry op die studie, en ten einde die bepalings van artikel 14 objektief te oorweeg om vas te stel of Suid-Afrika kan kersopsteek by hierdie jurisdiksies. Laastens word voorstelle gemaak om die posisie van die verbruiker tot vastetermynkontrakte ingevolge die CPA te verbeter om beste gebruikspraktyke te implementeer, en te verseker dat die doelwitte van die CPA en internasionale verbruikersriglyne bereik word. Hierdie studie weerspieël die regsposisie soos op 18 Junie 2020 in bronne wat plaaslik beskikbaar is, asook in bronne aan my beskikbaar gestel deur die Nasionale Universiteit van Singapoer tydens ’n navorsingsbesoek daar.
Kule thesisi isimo sezinhlangano ezingaphansi kwesivumelwano sesikhathi esinqunyiwe, ngaphansi kwesigaba 14 koMthetho 68 ka 2008, uMthetho weZokuvikelwa koMthengi uhlaziywa ngendlela egxekayo. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukusungula ukuthi mhlawumbe lezi zinhlangano ezingaphansi kwesivumelwano sesikhathi esinqunyiwe sivikeleke kangcono ngaphansi kwesigaba 14 se-CPA uma kunesidingo sabathengi sokuqedwa kwesivumelwano esencike phezu kokwehluleka ukwenza umsebenzi waloyo ongumthumeli wempahla, okwehlukile emthethweni owejwayelekile. Okwesibili, le thesis iphenya ukuthi mhlawumbe isikhathi isikhathi esinde sesivumelwano sesikhathi esinqunyiwe kufanele sincishiswe ngokomthetho oshayiwe. Izinto ezahlukahlukene ezithinta lezi zivumelwano, njengesibonelo, inkululeko yokungena esivumelwaneni pacta servanda sunt, kanye nesivumelwano ezingaguquki, kuyizinto ezibhekwayo. Isimo seNingizimu Afrika siqhathaniswa nesimo sezwe laseSingapore ngaphansi koMthetho wezokuVikelwa kwabaThengi (Fair Trading), kanye nasezweni laseUnited Kingdom ngaphansi koMthetho owaMalungelo abaThengi, ukuthola umqondo kanye nokuhlola izimiso ngaphansi kwesigaba 14 soMthetho 68 ka 2008, uMthetho oVikela abaThengi ukuthola ukuthi ngabe iNingizimu Afrika kukhona ekuzuzile kwizifundo ezifundwe kulezi zakhiwo zemithetho. Okokugcina, izichibiyelo ezisuselwe kwimigomo mayelana nalokho okushiwo yi-CPA inconywe ukuthi yenze ngcono isimo sezinhlangano ezingaphansi kwezivumelwano zesikhathi esinqunyiwe ukuletha izisombululo ezingcono kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi kulandelwa izinhloso kanye nemisebenzi yoMthetho 68 ka 2008, okunguMthetho oVikela abaThengi kanye nemihlahlandlela yezizwe zomhlaba. Lolu cwaningo lususelwe phezu komthetho kusukela mhla zi 18 uNhlangulana 2020, luyatholakala emithonjeni yaseNingizimu Afrika, kanye nomthetho waseSingapore uyatholakala emthonjeni yedatha yaseNational University of Singapore.
Mercantile Law
LL. D.

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Donfack, Narcisse Gaetan Zebaze. « The suitability of the CISG and OHADA for small and medium-sized enterprises engaging in international trade in west and central Africa ». Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21020.

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It is universally acknowledged that international trade and cooperation have become key drivers of SMEs. Indeed, the success of SMEs in the sales sector depends upon their capacity to conquer the foreign market and compete with larger companies. Many SMEs today, in particular those in Central and West Africa, are very much aware of this reality. However, because of differences between domestic laws and their maladjustment, many African SMEs still struggle to enter the international market and compete with larger companies. It is therefore obvious that any SMEs that want to succeed in international commerce today will be called upon to confront different regulations, whether domestic, regional or international, which are often shaped according to the realities and expectations of a particular environment. The challenge today is to regulate and harmonise these different legal systems, in order to render the law identical in numerous jurisdictions. This process of unifying the law internationally, in particular the law of sale, started in 1920 and culminated in 1988, with the implementation of the CISG. This Convention, which has become the primary law for international sales contracts, endeavours to deal with this problem of differences in law between states on a global scale, by attempting to achieve a synthesis between different legislations, such as civil law, common law, socialist law, and the law regarding industrialised and Third World countries. Even though the CISG appears to be a compromise between different legal systems, the fact remains that it is not yet applicable in many countries, especially those in Central and West Africa, which are mostly still ruled by domestic and regional law, namely the OHADA. The purpose of this study is to attempt to analyse and compare the OHADA’s Uniform Act Relating to Commercial Law to the CISG, in order to identify similarities and differences between the two, and to determine, with regard to the operating mode and structure of SMEs in West and Central Africa, which one of the two legislations is more appropriate.
Private Law
LL. M.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Rescission and termination of contracts »

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