Articles de revues : « Representational flexibility »

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Gagatsis, Athanasios, Eleni Deliyianni, Iliada Elia, Areti Panaoura et Paraskevi Michael-Chrysanthou. « Fostering Representational Flexibility in the Mathematical Working Space of Rational Numbers ». Bolema : Boletim de Educação Matemática 30, n^o 54 (avril 2016) : 287–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-4415v30n54a14.

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Abstract The study focuses on the cognitive level of Mathematical Working Space (MWS) and the component of the epistemological level related to semiotic representations in two mathematical domains of rational numbers: fraction and decimal number addition. Within this scope, it aims to explore how representational flexibility develops over time. A similar developmental pattern of four distinct hierarchical levels of student representational flexibility in both domains is identified. The findings indicate that the genesis of the semiotic axis in fraction and decimal addition is not automatic, but a long process of developmental steps that could be referred to as MWS1, MWS2, MWS3, MWS4 (final). There is not a clear and stable correspondence between developmental levels of representational flexibility and school grades. Didactical implications in order to foster representational flexibility in the MWS of fraction and decimal addition are discussed.

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Greer, Brian. « Representational flexibility and mathematical expertise ». ZDM 41, n^o 5 (1 septembre 2009) : 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11858-009-0211-7.

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Spensley, Fiona. « Beyond representational redescription ». Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, n^o 2 (juin 1997) : 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97231456.

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There are a number of elements in the representational redescription (RR) theory which elude definition, including behavioural success, implicit information, endogenous metaprocesses, and the detail of the representational levels. This commentary proposes an information processing approach to the development of cognitive flexibility – the Recursive Re-Representation (3Rs) model (Spensley 1995) – which redefines the developmental process and thereby eliminates these problematic concepts.

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Allen, Melissa L., Erika Nurmsoo et Norman Freeman. « Young children show representational flexibility when interpreting drawings ». Cognition 147 (février 2016) : 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2015.11.003.

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Wheeler, Michael. « Friends Reunited ? Evolutionary Robotics and Representational Explanation ». Artificial Life 11, n^o 1-2 (janvier 2005) : 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1064546053278937.

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Robotics as practiced within the artificial life community is no longer the bitter enemy of representational explanation in the way that it sometimes seemed to be in the heady, revolutionary days of the 1990s. This rapprochement is, however, fragile, because the field of evolutionary robotics continues to pose two important challenges to the idea that real-time intelligent action must or should be explained by appeal to inner representations. The first of these challenges, the threat from nontrivial causal spread, occurs when extra-neural factors account for the kind of adaptive richness and flexibility normally associated with representation-based control. The second, the threat from continuous reciprocal causation, occurs when the causal contributions made by the systemic components collectively responsible for behavior generation are massively context-sensitive and variable over time. I argue that while the threat from nontrivial causal spread can be resisted, the threat from continuous reciprocal causation provides a stern test for our representational intuitions.

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Lee, Michael D. « Extending Bayesian concept learning to deal with representational complexity and adaptation ». Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, n^o 4 (août 2001) : 685–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0149008x.

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While Tenenbaum and Griffiths impressively consolidate and extend Shepard's research in the areas of stimulus representation and generalization, there is a need for complexity measures to be developed to control the flexibility of their “hypothesis space” approach to representation. It may also be possible to extend their concept learning model to consider the fundamental issue of representational adaptation. [Tenenbaum & Griffiths]

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Stouffs, Rudi, Ramesh Krishnamurti et Kuhn Park. « Sortal Structures : Supporting Representational Flexibility for Building Domain Processes ». Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 22, n^o 2 (février 2007) : 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8667.2006.00473.x.

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RIESEN, KASPAR, et HORST BUNKE. « GRAPH CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VECTOR SPACE EMBEDDING ». International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 23, n^o 06 (septembre 2009) : 1053–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021800140900748x.

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Graphs provide us with a powerful and flexible representation formalism for pattern classification. Many classification algorithms have been proposed in the literature. However, the vast majority of these algorithms rely on vectorial data descriptions and cannot directly be applied to graphs. Recently, a growing interest in graph kernel methods can be observed. Graph kernels aim at bridging the gap between the high representational power and flexibility of graphs and the large amount of algorithms available for object representations in terms of feature vectors. In the present paper, we propose an approach transforming graphs into n-dimensional real vectors by means of prototype selection and graph edit distance computation. This approach allows one to build graph kernels in a straightforward way. It is not only applicable to graphs, but also to other kind of symbolic data in conjunction with any kind of dissimilarity measure. Thus it is characterized by a high degree of flexibility. With several experimental results, we prove the robustness and flexibility of our new method and show that our approach outperforms other graph classification methods on several graph data sets of diverse nature.

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Acevedo Nistal, A., W. Van Dooren et L. Verschaffel. « Improving students’ representational flexibility in linear-function problems : an intervention ». Educational Psychology 34, n^o 6 (29 mai 2013) : 763–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2013.785064.

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Chen, Yuhao, Alexander Wong, Yuan Fang, Yifan Wu et Linlin Xu. « Deep Residual Transform for Multi-scale Image Decomposition ». Journal of Computational Vision and Imaging Systems 6, n^o 1 (15 janvier 2021) : 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/jcvis.v6i1.3537.

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Multi-scale image decomposition (MID) is a fundamental task in computer vision and image processing that involves the transformation of an image into a hierarchical representation comprising of different levels of visual granularity from coarse structures to fine details. A well-engineered MID disentangles the image signal into meaningful components which can be used in a variety of applications such as image denoising, image compression, and object classification. Traditional MID approaches such as wavelet transforms tackle the problem through carefully designed basis functions under rigid decomposition structure assumptions. However, as the information distribution varies from one type of image content to another, rigid decomposition assumptions lead to inefficiently representation, i.e., some scales can contain little to no information. To address this issue, we present Deep Residual Transform (DRT), a data-driven MID strategy where the input signal is transformed into a hierarchy of non-linear representations at different scales, with each representation being independently learned as the representational residual of previous scales at a user-controlled detail level. As such, the proposed DRT progressively disentangles scale information from the original signal by sequentially learning residual representations. The decomposition flexibility of this approach allows for highly tailored representations cater to specific types of image content, and results in greater representational efficiency and compactness. In this study, we realize the proposed transform by leveraging a hierarchy of sequentially trained autoencoders. To explore the efficacy of the proposed DRT, we leverage two datasets comprising of very different types of image content: 1) CelebFaces and 2) Cityscapes. Experimental results show that the proposed DRT achieved highly efficient information decomposition on both datasets amid their very different visual granularity characteristics.

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Picard, Delphine, et Annie Vinter. « Representational flexibility in children's drawings : Effects of age and verbal instructions ». British Journal of Developmental Psychology 17, n^o 4 (novembre 1999) : 605–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/026151099165500.

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Zelazo, Philip David, J. Steven Reznick et Joseph Spinazzola. « Representational flexibility and response control in a multistep multilocation search task. » Developmental Psychology 34, n^o 2 (1998) : 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.34.2.203.

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Brunyé, Tad T., David N. Rapp et Holly A. Taylor. « Representational flexibility and specificity following spatial descriptions of real-world environments ». Cognition 108, n^o 2 (août 2008) : 418–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2008.03.005.

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Browne, Derek. « Putting knowledge to work ». Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, n^o 2 (juin 1997) : 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x9722145x.

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Representational redescription (Karmiloff-Smith 1994a; 1994) translates implicit, procedural knowledge into explicit, declarative knowledge. Explicit knowledge is an enabling condition of cognitive flexibility. The articulation and inferential integration of knowledge are important in explaining flexibility. There is an interesting connection to the availability of knowledge for verbal report, but no clear explanatory work is done by the idea of knowledge that is available to consciousness.

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Shanks, David R., Harald Lachnit et Klaus G. Melchers. « Representational flexibility and the challenge to elemental theories of learning : Response to commentaries ». Behavioural Processes 77, n^o 3 (mars 2008) : 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2007.09.005.

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Herbert, Jane, et Harlene Hayne. « Memory retrieval by 18–30-month-olds : Age-related changes in representational flexibility. » Developmental Psychology 36, n^o 4 (2000) : 473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.36.4.473.

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Hunley, Samuel B., Arwen M. Marker et Stella F. Lourenco. « Individual Differences in the Flexibility of Peripersonal Space ». Experimental Psychology 64, n^o 1 (janvier 2017) : 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000350.

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Abstract. The current study investigated individual differences in the flexibility of peripersonal space (i.e., representational space near the body), specifically in relation to trait claustrophobic fear (i.e., fear of suffocating or being physically restricted). Participants completed a line bisection task with either a laser pointer (Laser condition), allowing for a baseline measure of the size of one’s peripersonal space, or a stick (Stick condition), which produces expansion of one’s peripersonal space. Our results revealed that individuals high in claustrophobic fear had larger peripersonal spaces than those lower in claustrophobic fear, replicating previous research. We also found that, whereas individuals low in claustrophobic fear demonstrated the expected expansion of peripersonal space in the Stick condition, individuals high in claustrophobic fear showed less expansion, suggesting decreased flexibility. We discuss these findings in relation to the defensive function of peripersonal space and reduced attentional flexibility associated with trait anxieties.

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Yanaoka, Kaichi, et Satoru Saito. « Repeated sequential action by young children : Developmental changes in representational flexibility of task context. » Developmental Psychology 55, n^o 4 (avril 2019) : 780–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000678.

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Herbert, Jane S. « The effect of language cues on infants’ representational flexibility in a deferred imitation task ». Infant Behavior and Development 34, n^o 4 (décembre 2011) : 632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2011.06.007.

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Willinger, U., M. Schmoeger, C. Mueller et E. Auff. « Theory of mind & ; cognitive flexibility ». European Psychiatry 26, S2 (mars 2011) : 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72146-0.

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Theory of mind (ToM) refers to the capacity to attribute certain independent mental states, contents and processes to others - such as desires, concepts, intentions, beliefs and emotions (Wimmer & Perner, 1983). As there is a body of research with respect to the development of ToM in children, much less is known about adult mentalizing abilities, especially regarding the relationship between cognitive functioning and ToM. The present study aims to investigate a new instrument, called ToM-Stories and its relationship to the established ToM-Picture-Test (Bruene et al. 2005) and to cognitive functioning by using the Trail Making Test. Our ToM-Stories consist of brief stories, each describing a real life situation of various degree of complexity. All of them involve unintended misleadings in the sense of a false belief. Their comprehension requires mindreading at different levels of intentionality. The sample was composed of 79 adults, 45 (57%) women and 34 (43%) men, ranging in age from 18 to 88. Reliability analyses of the ToM-Stories yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.79 (false belief-first order), 0.74 (false belief-second order), and 0.65 (false belief-third order). Correlation analyses showed moderate values between ToM-Stories and the Tom-Picture-Test (r = 0.496; p ≤ 0.0001) as well as the Trail Making Test B-A (r = −0.481; p ≤ 0.0001). The findings of the current study provide evidence that cognitive flexibility is an important competence in promoting representational understanding of the mind.

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Deliyianni, Eleni, et Athanasios Gagatsis. « Tracing the development of representational flexibility and problem solving in fraction addition : a longitudinal study ». Educational Psychology 33, n^o 4 (juillet 2013) : 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2013.765540.

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Acevedo Nistal, Ana, W. Dooren, G. Clarebout, J. Elen et L. Verschaffel. « Conceptualising, investigating and stimulating representational flexibility in mathematical problem solving and learning : a critical review ». ZDM 41, n^o 5 (16 juin 2009) : 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11858-009-0189-1.

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Deliyianni, Eleni, Athanasios Gagatsis, Iliada Elia et Areti Panaoura. « Representational Flexibility and Problem-Solving Ability in Fraction and Decimal Number Addition : A Structural Model ». International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 14, S2 (10 mars 2015) : 397–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10763-015-9625-6.

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Memeti, Agon, et Betim Cico. « Architectural pattern for service collaboration ». International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 12, n^o 1 (1 avril 2023) : 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v12i1.pp12-22.

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The aim of this paper is to propose a modeling framework, tailored to build efficient, elastic and autonomous applications from tasks and services. It includes integrated services to develop the software products, reusing on demand in-house services with specific requirements and flexible the representational state transfer (REST) services. The idea is to decouple authorization for reduced service dependency and to provide a possibility for developing the whole application by increasing the existing application flexibility. Based on the fact that there are different web application platforms that serve to offer services to users but they are not integrated; we propose a framework with high flexibility degree, especially integrating the most used services such: e-learning, administrative, and library services, as University services are concern.

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Gidlund, Katarina L., et Leif Sundberg. « Undisclosed creators of digitalization : A critical analysis of representational practices ». Information Polity 26, n^o 1 (22 février 2021) : 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ip-200230.

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The aim of this paper is to study over- and under representational practices in governmental expert advisory groups on digitalization to open up a dialogue on translations of digitalization. By uncovering how meanings converge and interpretations associated with technology are stabilized or maybe even closed, this research is positioned within a critical research tradition. The chosen analytical framework stretches from technological culture (i.e., how and where the myths and symbolic narratives are constructed), and a focus on the process of interpretation (i.e., the flexibility in how digitalization could be translated and attached to different political goals and values) to a dimension of firstness (addressing education, professional experiences and geographical position to explore dominance and power aspects). The results reveal a homogeneity that is potentially problematic and raises questions about the frames for interpreting what digitalization could and should be and do. We argue that the strong placement of digitalization in the knowledge base disclosed in this study hinders digitalization from being more knowledgeably translated.

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Fish, Andrew, et John Taylor. « Equivalences in Euler-based diagram systems through normal forms ». LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics 17, n^o 1 (2014) : 431–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s1461157014000114.

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AbstractThe form of information presented can influence its utility for the conveying of knowledge by affecting an interpreter’s ability to reason with the information. There are distinct types of representational systems (for example, symbolic versus diagrammatic logics), various sub-systems (for example, propositional versus predicate logics), and even within a single representational system there may be different means of expressing the same piece of information content. Thus, to display information, choices must be made between its different representations, depending upon many factors such as: the context, the reasoning tasks to be considered, user preferences or desires (for example, for short symbolic sentences or minimal clutter within diagrammatic systems). The identification of all equivalent representations with the same information content is a sensible precursor to attempts to minimise a metric over this class. We posit that defining notions of semantic redundancy and identifying the syntactic properties that encapsulate redundancy can help in achieving the goal of completely identifying equivalences within a single notational system or across multiple systems, but that care must be taken when extending systems, since refinements of redundancy conditions may be necessary even for conservative system extensions. We demonstrate this theory within two diagrammatic systems, which are Euler-diagram-based notations. Such notations can be used to represent logical information and have applications including visualisation of database queries, social network visualisation, statistical data visualisation, and as the basis of more expressive diagrammatic logics such as constraint languages used in software specification and reasoning. The development of the new associated machinery and concepts required is important in its own right since it increases the growing body of knowledge on diagrammatic logics. In particular, we consider Euler diagrams with shading, and then we conservatively extend the system to include projections, which allow for a much greater degree of flexibility of representation. We give syntactic properties that encapsulate semantic equivalence in both systems, whilst observing that the same semantic concept of redundancy is significantly more difficult to realise as syntactic properties in the extended system with projections.

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Karmiloff-Smith, Annette. « Promissory notes, genetic clocks, and epigenetic outcomes ». Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, n^o 2 (juin 1997) : 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97241452.

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I respond to three continuing commentaries on Beyond modularity, two concerning the representational redescription (RR) framework and its attempts to account for the growing flexibility of human intelligence, and one relating to the putative mysteries of developmental timing. I discuss misunderstandings about the RR framework as well as some of its shortcomings. I strongly reject the notion of a genetic clock and go on to argue for epigenetic outcomes in which genes and environment interact during the protracted period of postnatal brain development.

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Karmiloff-Smith, Annette. « Précis ofBeyond modularity : A developmental perspective on cognitive science ». Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17, n^o 4 (décembre 1994) : 693–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00036621.

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AbstractBeyond modularityattempts a synthesis of Fodor's anticonstructivist nativism and Piaget's antinativist constructivism. Contra Fodor, I argue that: (1) the study of cognitive development is essential to cognitive science, (2) the module/central processing dichotomy is too rigid, and (3) the mind does not begin with prespecified modules; rather, development involves a gradual process of “modularization.” Contra Piaget, I argue that: (1) development rarely involves stagelike domain-general change and (2) domainspecific predispositions give development a small but significant kickstart by focusing the infant's attention on proprietary inputs. Development does not stop at efficient learning. A fundamental aspect of human development (“representational redescription”) is the hypothesized process by which information that isina cognitive system becomes progressively explicit knowledgetothat system. Development thus involves two complementary processes of progressive modularization and progressive “explicitation.” Empirical findings on the child as linguist, physicist, mathematician, psychologist, and notator are discussed in support of the theoretical framework. Each chapter concentrates first on the initial state of the infant mind/brain and on subsequent domain-specific learning in infancy and early childhood. It then goes on to explore data on older children's problem solving and theory building, with particular focus on evolving cognitive flexibility. Emphasis is placed throughout on the status of representations underlying different capacities and on the multiple levels at which knowledge is stored and accessible. Finally, consideration is given to the need for more formal developmental models, and a comparison is made between representational redescription and connectionist simulations of development. In conclusion, I consider what is special about human cognition by speculating on the status of representations underlying the structure of behavior in other species.

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Schyns, Philippe G., Robert L. Goldstone et Jean-Pierre Thibaut. « Ways of featuring in object categorization ». Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, n^o 1 (février 1998) : 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x98520109.

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The origin of features from nonfeatural information is a problem that should concern all theories of object categorization and recognition, not just the flexible feature approach. In contrast to the idea that new features must originate from combinations of simpler fixed features, we argue that holistic features can be created from a direct imprinting on the visual medium. Furthermore, featural descriptions can emerge from processes that by themselves do not operate on feature detectors. Once acquired, features can be decomposed into component features if required by other categorizations. We therefore argue that it is not necessary to separate holistic and componential approaches to representations, because the latter is a development of the former. The requirements for representational flexibility outstrip the performance of any existing computational models, but specific mechanisms of feature creation are discussed and evaluated. Challenges for feature creation mechanisms are discussed together with the constraints (perceptual, statistical, functional, and task) they will need to satisfy.

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Driscoll, Ira, Robert J. Sutherland, Glen T. Prusky et Jerry W. Rudy. « Damage to the Hippocampal Formation Does Not Disrupt Representational Flexibility as Measured by a Novelty Transfer Test. » Behavioral Neuroscience 118, n^o 6 (2004) : 1427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.118.6.1427.

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Hedrick, Kathryn R., et Kechen Zhang. « Megamap : flexible representation of a large space embedded with nonspatial information by a hippocampal attractor network ». Journal of Neurophysiology 116, n^o 2 (1 août 2016) : 868–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00856.2015.

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The problem of how the hippocampus encodes both spatial and nonspatial information at the cellular network level remains largely unresolved. Spatial memory is widely modeled through the theoretical framework of attractor networks, but standard computational models can only represent spaces that are much smaller than the natural habitat of an animal. We propose that hippocampal networks are built on a basic unit called a “megamap,” or a cognitive attractor map in which place cells are flexibly recombined to represent a large space. Its inherent flexibility gives the megamap a huge representational capacity and enables the hippocampus to simultaneously represent multiple learned memories and naturally carry nonspatial information at no additional cost. On the other hand, the megamap is dynamically stable, because the underlying network of place cells robustly encodes any location in a large environment given a weak or incomplete input signal from the upstream entorhinal cortex. Our results suggest a general computational strategy by which a hippocampal network enjoys the stability of attractor dynamics without sacrificing the flexibility needed to represent a complex, changing world.

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Buder, Jürgen. « Net-Based Knowledge Communication in Groups ». Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology 215, n^o 4 (janvier 2007) : 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409.215.4.209.

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This paper provides a selective review of the emerging research field of net-based knowledge communication in groups. The review is conceptualized around three problems that designers of net-based knowledge communication will face (cluttering of content, lack of interpersonal information, and lack of sequential structure), and provides examples of how the corresponding barriers can be overcome. It is discussed how scenarios of net-based knowledge communication can even surpass the levels of face-to-face communication if the design relies on strengths of computer technologies (permanent storage, representational flexibility, and computational power), and if the communication among participants is complemented and augmented by meaningful interactions with computer tools.

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Wang, Yuanxin, Cunhua Pan, Jian Zhang, Ming Gao, Haifeng Zhang et Kai Zhong. « Multi-Layered Graph Convolutional Network-Based Industrial Fault Diagnosis with Multiple Relation Characterization Capability ». Machines 10, n^o 10 (28 septembre 2022) : 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10100873.

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Fault diagnosis of industrial equipments is extremely important for the safety requirements of modern production processes. Lately, deep learning (DL) has been the mainstream fault diagnosis tool due to its powerful representational ability in learning and flexibility. However, most of the existing DL-based methods may suffer from two drawbacks: Firstly, only one metric is used to construct networks, thus multiple kinds of potential relationships between nodes are not explored. Secondly, there are few studies on how to obtain better node embedding by aggregating the features of different neighbors. To compensate for these deficiencies, an advantageous intelligent diagnosis scheme termed AE-MSGCN is proposed, which employs graph convolutional networks (GCNs) on multi-layer networks in an innovative manner. In detail, AE is carried out to extract deep representation features in process measurement and then combined with different metrics (i.e., K-nearest neighbors, cosine similarity, path graph) to construct the multi-layer networks for better multiple interaction characterization among nodes. After that, intra-layer convolutional and inter-layer convolutional methods are adopted for aggregating extensive neighbouring information to enrich the representation of nodes and diagnosis performance. Finally, a benchmark platform and a real-world case both verify that the proposed AE-MSGCN is more effective and practical than the existing state-of-the-art methods.

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Soen, Alexander, Alexander Mathews, Daniel Grixti-Cheng et Lexing Xie. « UNIPoint : Universally Approximating Point Processes Intensities ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, n^o 11 (18 mai 2021) : 9685–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i11.17165.

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Point processes are a useful mathematical tool for describing events over time, and so there are many recent approaches for representing and learning them. One notable open question is how to precisely describe the flexibility of point process models and whether there exists a general model that can represent all point processes. Our work bridges this gap. Focusing on the widely used event intensity function representation of point processes, we provide a proof that a class of learnable functions can universally approximate any valid intensity function. The proof connects the well known Stone-Weierstrass Theorem for function approximation, the uniform density of non-negative continuous functions using a transfer functions, the formulation of the parameters of a piece-wise continuous functions as a dynamic system, and a recurrent neural network implementation for capturing the dynamics. Using these insights, we design and implement UNIPoint, a novel neural point process model, using recurrent neural networks to parameterise sums of basis function upon each event. Evaluations on synthetic and real world datasets show that this simpler representation performs better than Hawkes process variants and more complex neural network-based approaches. We expect this result will provide a practical basis for selecting and tuning models, as well as furthering theoretical work on representational complexity and learnability.

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Spreckelsen, C., et K. Spitzer. « Formalising and Acquiring Modelbased Hypertext in Medicine : an Integrative Approach ». Methods of Information in Medicine 37, n^o 03 (juillet 1998) : 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634533.

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AbstractCombining a knowledge acquisition methodology with a powerful data model we present an approach to the acquisition, maintenance and browsing of scientific medical hypertext. The hypergraph-based data model supports the consistent treatment of cyclic data structures, the nesting of complex object and provides an elegant way of path declaration to represent time-dependent medical processes or large hypertext tours. It encourages a stepwise schema design and therefore supports a spiral-shaped acquisition process. We formally define view mechanisms on the basis of a rule-based query and modification language. The views enable a context-sensitive presentation of medical knowledge according to the informational needs of the physician.Our approach has been applied to the implementation of an authoring and tutoring environment for a computer-based hypermedia reference book for cerebrovascular diseases (NeuroN). During the acquisition process the expressive power and flexibility of the representational formats have been evaluated.

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Summa, Michela. « Phantasie, Interaktion und Perspektivenübernahme in Als-ob-Situationen. Eine phänomenologische Analyse / Fantasy, Interaction and Perspective-Taking in Pretense Situations. A Phenomenological Analysis ». Gestalt Theory 39, n^o 2-3 (27 novembre 2017) : 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gth-2017-0014.

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SummaryThe aim of this article is to develop a phenomenological analysis of pretense. In different forms of pretense, something we take to be fictive is somehow transposed into a context that we experience as real. Due to this ‘transposition’, the context itself, under certain respects, becomes unreal or fictional. When we ‘live’ in a pretense context, we bracket or conceal what we take for real. Departing from both meta-representational and simulationist approaches, the phenomenological interpretation of pretense is developed based, on the one hand, on the analysis of the role of perceptual and, on the other hand, on the inquiry into the central moments making up the sociality of pretense. In relation to the intersubjective/social nature of pretense and to reassessment of the relation between ‘being’ and ‘appearing’, which result from the analysis of the role of perceptual, different forms of perspectival flexibility that are actualized in pretense will be discussed.

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Zha, Xuan F., Sebti Foufou, Rachuri Sudarsan et Ram D. Sriram. « Analysis and Evaluation for STEP-Based Electromechanical Assemblies ». Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 6, n^o 3 (12 septembre 2005) : 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2218368.

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In this paper, we propose an integrated approach to analysis and evaluation for STEP-based (STandard for the Exchange of Product model data, officially ISO 10303) electromechanical assemblies. First, two assembly representational models are brought up and elaborated: the EXPRESS/XML schema-based model and the NIST object-oriented UML-based open assembly model (OAM). Then, these two models are integrated, in which the OAM incorporates the EXPRESS/XML schema-based assembly model to completely capture the detailed geometric information. The proposed assembly evaluation approach uses the EXPRESS/XML schema-based model as the information source, and covers not only the geometric and physical characteristics of assembly parts but also the assembly operation data necessary to assemble the parts. The feature of this approach is the linkage of the STEP product definition to the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process for assembly evaluation. The proposed approach has the flexibility to be used in various assembly methods and different environments. A case study shows the feasibility of the proposed approach.

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Castillo, Pedro A., P. GarcÃa-SÃ¡nchez, M. G. Arenas, A. M. Mora, G. Romero et J. J. Merelo. « Using SOAP and REST web services as communication protocol for distributed evolutionary computation ». INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & ; TECHNOLOGY 10, n^o 6 (30 août 2013) : 1752–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v10i6.3203.

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Designing heterogeneous distributed systems requires of the use of tools that facilitate the deployment and the interaction between platforms. In this paper we propose using Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) and REpresentational State Transfer (REST), two main approaches for creating applications based on distributed services, for distributed computation. Our aim is to demonstrate how they could be used to develop evolution- ary computation systems on heterogeneous platforms, taking advantage of their ability to deal with heterogeneous infrastructures and environments, and giving support for parallel implementations with a high platform flexibility. Both approaches are different and present some advantages and disadvantages for interfacing to web services: SOAP is conceptually more difficult (has a steeper learning curve) and more â€heavy-weightâ€ than REST, although it lacks of standards support for security. The results obtained on different experiments have shown that both SOAP and REST can be used as communication protocol for distributed evolutionary computation. Results obtained are comparable, however for large amounts of data (big messages), REST communications take longer than SOAP communications.

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Riba, Pau. « Distilling Structure from Imagery:Graph-based Models for the Interpretation of Document Images ». ELCVIA Electronic Letters on Computer Vision and Image Analysis 19, n^o 2 (12 janvier 2021) : 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/elcvia.1313.

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From its early stages, the community of Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision has considered the importance of leveraging the structural information when understanding images. Usually, graphs have been proposed as a suitable model to represent this kind of information due to their flexibility and representational power able to codify both, the components, objects, or entities and their pairwise relationship. Even though graphs have been successfully applied to a huge variety of tasks, as a result of their symbolic and relational nature, graphs have always suffered from some limitations compared to statistical approaches. Indeed, some trivial mathematical operations do not have an equivalence in the graph domain. For instance, in the core of many pattern recognition applications, there is a need to compare two objects. This operation, which is trivial when considering feature vectors defined in ℝn, is not properly defined for graphs. In this thesis, we have investigated the importance of the structural information from two perspectives, the traditional graph-based methods and the new advances on Geometric Deep Learning. On the one hand, we explore the problem of defining a graph representation and how to deal with it on a large scale and noisy scenario. On the other hand, Graph Neural Networks are proposed to first redefine a Graph Edit Distance methodologies as a metric learning problem, and second, to apply them in a real use case scenario for the detection of repetitive patterns which define tables in invoice documents. As experimental framework, we have validated the different methodological contributions in the domain of Document Image Analysis and Recognition.

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Liu, Dunlong, Lei He, Qian Wu, Yan Gao, Bin Liu, Shuang Liu et Han Luo. « Construction and application of the 3D geo-hazard monitoring and early warning platform ». Open Geosciences 13, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2021) : 1040–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0293.

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Abstract As geo-hazard monitoring data increases in category and size, conventional geo-hazard information management systems, without a unified integration framework and visualized data display, are unable to satisfy the urgent needs of geo-hazard information management. Representational State Transfer (REST), a resource-centered service architecture, abstracts data and services into resources for unified Uniform Resource Identifier access, enabling it to take full advantage of HTTP with great flexibility and scalability. Based on the REST service architecture, this paper constructs a 3D geo-hazard monitoring and early warning platform with sound service compatibility and scalability by integrating geographical information, real-time monitoring data, and early warning models into the 3D Digital Earth framework. The platform displays topography, stratum lithology, and relevant information, as well as real-time monitoring data in a 3D visual, and provides early warning services for geo-hazards through access to real-time early warning models. As a result, it is capable of providing comprehensive information management, monitoring, and early warning of multiple geo-hazards, aiding decision-making in disaster prevention and mitigation, and enhancing the information level of geo-hazard prevention and mitigation work.

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Fokaidis, Athena. « Voice-over and sharing bodies in Alice Diop’s Vers la tendresse (2016) ». Contemporary French Civilization : Volume 47, Issue 1 47, n^o 1 (1 mars 2022) : 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/cfc.2022.6.

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Films in French have long been global in scope, and debates around the nomenclature used to describe these cinematic works have emerged as a means to acknowledge the power imbalance invoked by categorizations such as French and francophone. Cinéma-monde serves as an organizing principle to articulate the relationships between films and the French-speaking world without reinforcing spatial and linguistic boundaries by way of a center/periphery paradigm. This article addresses the implications of the cinéma-monde framework within the Hexagon to illustrate the representational modes of diffusing marginality in cinema made in France. This article offers a close reading of a scene from Alice Diop’s documentary Vers la tendresse (2016) that mobilizes what Mary Ann Doane calls a disembodied voice-over in combination with camera movement to create an open cinematic space which disjoins the internal experiences expressed by the voice-over from the outward appearances of the characters. Diop assembles a fictional mise-en-scène and recordings of male interviewees speaking at a workshop held in Seine-Saint-Denis on the subject of intimacy. As the camera pans slowly across a group of men, it is unclear which body is the visual representation of the narration. Calling upon Michel Chion’s audiovisual contract and its rupture in Vers la tendresse, this article addresses how a dissonance between image and sound permits one voice to accompany several different bodies, an effect that reveals and dismantles the building blocks of the narrator’s isolation. Viewed through the framework of cinémamonde and its decentering approaches, Vers la tendresse underscores the flexibility of the film space and, consequently, social boundaries, to shed light on how we intentionally or unintentionally constitute others in society.

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Woolgar, Alexandra, Jade Jackson et John Duncan. « Coding of Visual, Auditory, Rule, and Response Information in the Brain : 10 Years of Multivoxel Pattern Analysis ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, n^o 10 (octobre 2016) : 1433–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00981.

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How is the processing of task information organized in the brain? Many views of brain function emphasize modularity, with different regions specialized for processing different types of information. However, recent accounts also highlight flexibility, pointing especially to the highly consistent pattern of frontoparietal activation across many tasks. Although early insights from functional imaging were based on overall activation levels during different cognitive operations, in the last decade many researchers have used multivoxel pattern analyses to interrogate the representational content of activations, mapping out the brain regions that make particular stimulus, rule, or response distinctions. Here, we drew on 100 searchlight decoding analyses from 57 published papers to characterize the information coded in different brain networks. The outcome was highly structured. Visual, auditory, and motor networks predominantly (but not exclusively) coded visual, auditory, and motor information, respectively. By contrast, the frontoparietal multiple-demand network was characterized by domain generality, coding visual, auditory, motor, and rule information. The contribution of the default mode network and voxels elsewhere was minor. The data suggest a balanced picture of brain organization in which sensory and motor networks are relatively specialized for information in their own domain, whereas a specific frontoparietal network acts as a domain-general “core” with the capacity to code many different aspects of a task.

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Pencheva, Evelina, Ivaylo Atanasov et Ventsislav Trifonov. « Identity Management in Future Railway Mobile Communication System ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 9 (24 avril 2022) : 4293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094293.

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The Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) has emerged as a worldwide standard for railway communication. This technology enables the operational efficiency and safety of railways to be improved by providing mission critical communications, machine-type communication for the railway system on board, in addition to trackside telemetry and broadband connectivity for passengers. Different equipment types, users, and functional identities can be involved in communication, and each of them is uniquely identified. Identity management is an important part of the security functions provided by the FRMCS system. This paper presents a service-oriented approach to identity management functionality, enabling service composition for railway applications and service virtualization. This paper studies functionality for the initial registration and subsequent deregistration of railway devices, users, and their functional identities, in addition to the transfer of the registered identities between different FRMCS serving areas while the train moves. Two FRMCS services that follow the principles of representational state transfer architecture are proposed. Services’ functionality is illustrated by use cases, data types, and application programming interfaces that enable services to be interacted with. Identity registration status models are developed, formally described, and mathematically verified. Discussion of the applicability of the proposed services for the implementation of FRMCS security and safety functions is provided. The presented service-oriented approach features a satisfactory level of flexibility and versatility.

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Hagestedt, Elizabeth, et Karoline Guelke. « Photovoice as a Visual Research Method : Adaptations from Projects in Peru and Ecuador ». Journal of Latin American Communication Research 8, n^o 1-2 (13 juillet 2021) : 54–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.55738/journal.v8i1-2p.54-85.

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Photovoice is a visual research method which involves participants taking their own photos of a specific topic to represent their views. Projects using photovoice often follow a standard format, yet this does not always provide a good match with specific research situations. Based on experiences from two projects, studies of tourism in Peru and of media use by indigenous organizations in Ecuador, we outline specific modifications to the standard photovoice format that allowed us to better accommodate local cultural context and research needs. These adaptations include a reconsideration of group-focussed versus individual format, research design that fosters different ways of building rapport between participants and with the researcher, and critical reflections on the issue of empowerment. The final discussion considers a few of the complex representational issues associated with photovoice. First, the way that photovoice must be evaluated in light of the increasing prevalence of photography in daily life, with sharing through social media and cameras available on smart phones. The level of experience participants have with photography has an impact on the ways that photos are taken and shared. Photography is a practice deeply entwined with individuals’ understandings of aesthetics and sensory memories. When used with greater flexibility, the photovoice method can be better aligned with local realities and provide a creative and beneficial addition to the research tool kit.

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Qin, Xu, Zhilin Wang, Yuanchao Bai, Xiaodong Xie et Huizhu Jia. « FFA-Net : Feature Fusion Attention Network for Single Image Dehazing ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, n^o 07 (3 avril 2020) : 11908–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6865.

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In this paper, we propose an end-to-end feature fusion at-tention network (FFA-Net) to directly restore the haze-free image. The FFA-Net architecture consists of three key components:1) A novel Feature Attention (FA) module combines Channel Attention with Pixel Attention mechanism, considering that different channel-wise features contain totally different weighted information and haze distribution is uneven on the different image pixels. FA treats different features and pixels unequally, which provides additional flexibility in dealing with different types of information, expanding the representational ability of CNNs. 2) A basic block structure consists of Local Residual Learning and Feature Attention, Local Residual Learning allowing the less important information such as thin haze region or low-frequency to be bypassed through multiple local residual connections, let main network architecture focus on more effective information. 3) An Attention-based different levels Feature Fusion (FFA) structure, the feature weights are adaptively learned from the Feature Attention (FA) module, giving more weight to important features. This structure can also retain the information of shallow layers and pass it into deep layers.The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed FFA-Net surpasses previous state-of-the-art single image dehazing methods by a very large margin both quantitatively and qualitatively, boosting the best published PSNR metric from 30.23 dB to 36.39 dB on the SOTS indoor test dataset. Code has been made available at GitHub.

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Panduman, Yohanes Yohanie Fridelin, Nobuo Funabiki, Pradini Puspitaningayu, Minoru Kuribayashi, Sritrusta Sukaridhoto et Wen-Chung Kao. « Design and Implementation of SEMAR IoT Server Platform with Applications ». Sensors 22, n^o 17 (26 août 2022) : 6436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176436.

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Nowadays, rapid developments of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have increased possibilities of realizing smart cities where collaborations and integrations of various IoT application systems are essential. However, IoT application systems have often been designed and deployed independently without considering the standards of devices, logics, and data communications. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of the IoT server platform called Smart Environmental Monitoring and Analytical in Real-Time (SEMAR) for integrating IoT application systems using standards. SEMAR offers Big Data environments with built-in functions for data aggregations, synchronizations, and classifications with machine learning. Moreover, plug-in functions can be easily implemented. Data from devices for different sensors can be accepted directly and through network connections, which will be used in real-time for user interfaces, text files, and access to other systems through Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface (REST API) services. For evaluations of SEMAR, we implemented the platform and integrated five IoT application systems, namely, the air-conditioning guidance system, the fingerprint-based indoor localization system, the water quality monitoring system, the environment monitoring system, and the air quality monitoring system. When compared with existing research on IoT platforms, the proposed SEMAR IoT application server platform offers higher flexibility and interoperability with the functions for IoT device managements, data communications, decision making, synchronizations, and filters that can be easily integrated with external programs or IoT applications without changing the codes. The results confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposal.

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Lacy, Timothy J., et John D. Hughes. « A Systems Approach to Behavioral Neurobiology : Integrating Psychodynamics and Neuroscience in a Psychiatric Curriculum ». Psychodynamic Psychiatry 50, n^o 2 (juin 2022) : 228–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pdps.2022.50.2.228.

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In the practice of medicine, an understanding of the biological functioning of organs and organ systems is the basis for theories of pathology and clinical practice. If psychoanalysis is to be accepted by the medical and psychiatric community, it must be based on a sophisticated understanding of the organ from which mental and emotional experiences emanate and use scientifically acceptable language. Each approach to psychotherapy has its own vocabulary for describing neuropsychological processes. Neurobiological vocabulary provides the various factions “neutral ground” upon which to carry on a multidisciplinary integrative dialogue. An understanding of behavioral neuroscience allows the therapist to look beyond the labels that spawn division and identify unifying biological principles that are described in a variety of ways in a multitude of theories. We contend that the neural network/representational approach to neurobiology views human mental experience as the result of multiple complex integrated systems, and is therefore holistic and antireductionistic in its perspective. Such a biologically informed psychotherapy facilitates integration of skill sets and flexibility in technique. With these principles in mind, the therapist can base his or her approach to the patient based on these principles rather than on devotion to one particular “school” or another. Because behavioral neuroscience supports many of the basic tenets of psychoanalytic theory, such an integrative psychotherapy would be psychody-namically informed. In this paper, we outline some of the ideas we present in our neuroscience course and how we relate biological concepts with some core principles of psychodynamics and psychotherapy.

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Anderson, Julie D., Stacy A. Wagovich et Levi Ofoe. « Cognitive Flexibility for Semantic and Perceptual Information in Developmental Stuttering ». Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, n^o 11 (13 novembre 2020) : 3659–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00119.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive flexibility for semantic and perceptual information in preschool children who stutter (CWS) and who do not stutter (CWNS). Method Participants were 44 CWS and 44 CWNS between the ages of 3;0 and 5;11 (years;months). Cognitive flexibility was measured using semantic and perceptual categorization tasks. In each task, children were required to match a target object with two different semantic or perceptual associates. Main dependent variables were reaction time and accuracy. Results The accuracy with which CWS and CWNS shifted between one semantic and perceptual representation to another was similar, but the CWS did so significantly more slowly. Both groups of children had more difficulty switching between perceptual representations than semantic ones. Conclusion CWS are less efficient (slower), though not less accurate, than CWNS in their ability to switch between different representations in both the verbal and nonverbal domains.

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Luo, Dezhao, Chang Liu, Yu Zhou, Dongbao Yang, Can Ma, Qixiang Ye et Weiping Wang. « Video Cloze Procedure for Self-Supervised Spatio-Temporal Learning ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, n^o 07 (3 avril 2020) : 11701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6840.

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We propose a novel self-supervised method, referred to as Video Cloze Procedure (VCP), to learn rich spatial-temporal representations. VCP first generates “blanks” by withholding video clips and then creates “options” by applying spatio-temporal operations on the withheld clips. Finally, it fills the blanks with “options” and learns representations by predicting the categories of operations applied on the clips. VCP can act as either a proxy task or a target task in self-supervised learning. As a proxy task, it converts rich self-supervised representations into video clip operations (options), which enhances the flexibility and reduces the complexity of representation learning. As a target task, it can assess learned representation models in a uniform and interpretable manner. With VCP, we train spatial-temporal representation models (3D-CNNs) and apply such models on action recognition and video retrieval tasks. Experiments on commonly used benchmarks show that the trained models outperform the state-of-the-art self-supervised models with significant margins.

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van Dam, Wessel O., Margriet van Dijk, Harold Bekkering et Shirley-Ann Rueschemeyer. « Flexibility in embodied lexical-semantic representations ». Human Brain Mapping 33, n^o 10 (5 octobre 2011) : 2322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21365.

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