Thèses sur le sujet « Répartition (économie politique) – Chine »
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Pino, Angel. « Des salaires et de la répartition comme indicateurs des transformations sociales en Chine populaire : 1949-1989 ». Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA131003.
Texte intégralHuang, Yuchen. « Meritocracy and Redistribution ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0022.
Texte intégralThis PhD dissertation studies the relationship between belief in meritocracy and demand for redistribution with survey and experimental data and with a particular focus on China. Specifically, the dissertation revisits a commonly used assumption in the literature which equates the differences in results due to effort or personal responsibility with fairness and un-redistributability, and those due to circumstances or luck with unfairness and demand for redistribution.In the first chapter I use cross-national survey data to explore whether the assumption of meritocratic preference hold across the world. I found that that such preferences these preferences are mainly, if not only, found in Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries, especially Anglo-Saxon and Protestant European natiions. A positive correlation between belief in the role of effort in success and demand for redistribution is widespread in countries outside of the western developed world, where the more one believes that effort pays off, the more he or she desires redistribution.The second chapter, co-authored with Yuqian Nora Chen and Zhexun Mo, is a survey experiment with a representative sample of China citizens which shows that the respondents significantly reduces their demand for redistribution when they see examples of people getting rich via non-meritocratic ways that are representative of the market transition period. A subsidiary survey further confirms that the respondents do not understand these examples as signs of personal ability or governmental inefficiency. We conclude that those examples representing the lucky few in the transition process enjoy a high legitimacy among the Chinese respondents for two potential reasons: relative fairness compared to pre-reform politically manufactured inequality and a self-interest motivation for the whole population to justify the gain in the transition process.The third chapter, co-authored with Margot Belguise and Zhexun Mo, discusses one of the potential reasons of such preference, at least in the case of China: a strong status quo conformity. We revisit a recent experimental result by Almås et al. (2021) where the Chinese people appear to not differentiate between merit- and luck-based inequalities. We propose that this phenomenon might be due to the Chinese public’s greater adherence towards the status quo which lead to a seemingly low preference for redistribution both when inequality is due to effort and due to luck. In order to test this hypothesis, we run an incentivized redistribution experiment with elite university students in China and France, by varying the initial split of payoffs between two real-life workers to redistribute from. We show that Chinese respondents consistently and significantly choose more non- redistribution (playing the status quo) across both highly unequal and relatively equal status quo scenarios than our French respondents; and that the Chinese respondents who move away from status quo do differentiate between merit- and luck-based inequalities. Notably, our findings show that Chinese individuals’ conformity to the status quo is particularly pronounced among those from families of working-class and farming backgrounds, while it is conspicuously absent among individuals whose families have closer ties to the private sector
Grangeas, Geneviève. « Croissance, cycles longs et répartition ». Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010021.
Texte intégralCharles, Sébastien André. « Accumulation, répartition et financement : vers une synthèse post-keynésienne ». Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082317.
Texte intégralThis thesis is an attempt at knowing whether there exists a link between two fundamental groups in post-keynesian macroeconomics. The first one deals with the concepts of accumulation and distribution and the second one with the concepts of accumulation and its financing. Nevertheless, a difficulty subsists since these theories developed independently, without a global synthesis. Consequently, it is an important aspect of post-keynesian theory which we have to construct. Then, we elaborate a macroeconomic model of synthesis which includes the conclusions of the two post-keynesian groups on accumulation, distribution and financing
Zhang, Yunchang. « Investissement étranger et développement en économie ouverte : le cas de la Chine ». Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100080.
Texte intégralSince the beginning year of the 1990s, inflows of foreign investment to developing countries have increased rapidly. As a developing country as China has collected a mass foreign investment, particularly foreign direct investment due to the economic reform which orients the country to a market economy. A developing country can profit from the foreign investment, because it can relieve the difficulties of capital shortage, stimulate a rapid growth of its economy, improve the living standards of its people and raise the competitiveness of their firms either in domestic markets or in international markets. Nevertheless, some foreign investments may take some negative effects to the economy of a host country. . .
Tarroux, Benoît. « Appréciation multidimensionnelle des distributions de statut économique ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX24013.
Texte intégralIt is today hugely accepted that the economic status of the individuals and the social welfare are in essence multidimensional phenomena. Despite this obviousness, economists have been recently interested in this topic and much applied comparisons of countries on the basis of their performance in achieving better redistributive objectives continue to be performed in terms of monetary income. Following seminal contributions of Kolm (1977, QJE) or Atkinson and Bourguignon (1982, RES) and the recent literature, the topic of this thesis is to show the relevance of the multidimensional appraisal of societies. In other words, the question is: what information does the multidimensional methodology provide us? This thesis tries to answer to this question through three contributions. The first one propose an international comparison of developed countries in terms of their normative performance in allocating disposable income and regional public goods (health and education) to their citizens based on robust multidimensional dominance criteria and we show that the picture of the relative standing of countries is significantly affected. The second contribution proposes a methodology for comparing socially risky situations form a normative point of view. This methodology allows us to say that, for single workers, the United States are not more precarious than France. Finally the purpose of the third contribution is to verify whether or not the Canadian equalization payments scheme succeeds in reaching its redistributive objective. We show that there are some doubts on the distributional accomplishments of the Canadian equalization payment scheme
Liang, Zhicheng. « Taux de change réel et répartition des revenus en Chine ». Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF10365.
Texte intégralThe present dissertation investigates the relationship between real exchange rate, income inequality and rural poverty in China. We attempt to answer two principal questions: (i) to what extent will the variation of real exchange rate affect income inequality in China? (ii) how will the variation of real exchange rate impact the evolving pattern of China’s rural poverty? For this purpose, the present dissertation is organized into four chapters. Chapter One reviews the evolution of China’s exchange rate regime, by taking into consideration the fast-Changing international situations as well as the internal economic, political and institutional conditions of this country. Chapter Two describes the changing pattern of income inequality and the evolution of rural poverty in China. It is observed that since 1978 China has achieved remarkable progress in the alleviation of poverty, which has been accompanied, however, by rising inequalities. In addition, there is growing evidence that the variation of real exchange rate plays an important role in affecting China’s distribution of income. Chapter Three provides a theoretical analysis on the linkage between real exchange rate and income distribution. Such an linkage has been shown to be complex, involving various transmission channels (direct and indirect). Finally, with the help of panel data at provincial level, Chapter Four empirically estimates the nexus between real exchange rate, income inequality and rural poverty in China. The econometric results show that the real appreciation of the Chinese currency significantly contributes to the reduction of income inequality and the alleviation of rural poverty in post-Reform China
Guibbaud-Seyte, Françoise. « Les modèles de distribution du revenu : application des modèles de C. Dagum aux distributions de salaires français ». Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON10008.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, we have analysed and developped models of income distribution using the process followed by economists since v. Pareto's precursory work. It enables us to account for the evolution of distributions and to find out the inequality between and whitin the income distributions. This models were used as theoretic support fort the working out of c. Dagum's models in 1973 : a threeparameter model (type one) and four-parameter models (types two and three). These constructions count a theoretic basis leading to a series of economic and statistical properties. We have applied them tothe french salary distributions for the years 1982 and 1987. The adjustement of the models parameters (more appropriate in 1982 than in 1987) show the inequality in matter of distributions. To finish, the results reveal a decreasing inequality on national and regional salary scale
Lladser, Antinéa. « Système financier et croissance endogène : une application à l'économie chinoise ». Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100085.
Texte intégralCardenas, Tamayo Raúl. « Bien-être social, usages du capital et répartition : repenser la technologie et le coût collectif ». Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0060.
Texte intégralBelan, Pascal. « Le financement des retraites : incidence redistributive de la transition vers un système par capitalisation ». Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX24012.
Texte intégralMaarek, Paul. « Développement, mondialisation et part des salaires dans la valeur ajoutée ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24026.
Texte intégralThis chapter aims at understanding the pattern of the labor share during the development process. On the one hand, the labor share is substancially higher in developed than in developing countries. On the other hand, the labor share has decreased during the past two decades in less advanced economies. Our theory emphasizes the enterplay between firm's monopsony power and the size of the informal sector when the formal labor market is frictional. The size of the informal sector parameterizes workers'outside opportunities in wage setting. In a first stage of development, productivity gains are not compensed by wage increases, as most of workers'outside opportunities depend on the informal sector whose productivity remains unchanged. The labor share decreases as a result. In a second stage of development, outside opportunities rely more on productivity in formal firms as the formal sector expands. Consequently, the labor share increases. We address the effects of FDI on the labor share in developing countries. Our theory relies on the impacts of FDI on productive heterogeneity in a frictional labor market. FDI have two opposit effects : a negative force originated by technological advance, and a positive force due to increased labor market competition between rms. We test this theory on aggregate panel data through fixed effects and system-GMM estimations. We find a U-shaped relationship between the labor share in the manufacturing sector and the ratio of FDI stock to GDP. Howeever, most countries are stuck in the decreasing part of the curve. This chapter identifies wich of the two factors, namely labour and capital, bears the cost of currency crises and for what reasons. It analyzes two main types of effects that currency crises may have on the labour share : within sector effects due to a decrease in bargaining strength of workers and across sector effects due to reallocation of factors in sector with different capital intensities. We build a descriptive model with a tradable sector and a non-tradable sector one which differ in their factor intensities and labor market is characterized by frictions that highlight the two effects. We show using data at sector level that the decrease of the labor share observed following a currency crise corresponds to a decrease within each sector. This chapter revisits the impact of wage rigidities on the labor share (LS) in the context of globalization. We use a standard HOS model with capital, labor and wage rigidity in a sub-group of countries. Globalization alters the aggregate elasticity of substitution between capital and labor through factor reallocation across sectors. We derive four main implications. First, decliningwage rigidities are more likely to increase the LS in a globalized world than in a closed economy. Second, international trade with Asian countries originates a decrease in LS in continental Europe, while keeping the US share constant. Third, globalization modifies the aggregate LS through factor reallocation, which is compatible with constant factor shares at sector or firm level. Fourth, once enriched with capital-skill complementarity, the model can predict that LS increase with development and that LS fall over time in developing countries. Those implications are broadly consistent with the empirical evidence
Jaramillo, Fernando. « Les liens entre la croissance et la répartition du revenu ». Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010006.
Texte intégralKankanamge, Sumudu. « Optimalité de la dette publique dans une économie à marchés incomplets ». Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00407676.
Texte intégralVendryes, Thomas. « Insécurité foncière et contrôles migratoires en Chine : un changement structurel sous contrainte ». Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0021.
Texte intégralThis dissertation deals with the development of the Chinese countryside during the "reform and opening" era, and more specifically, with the consequences of the two main institutional remains of the collectivist period which have lasted despite, in rural areas, despite the general dynamic of liberalization of the Chine se economy: the collective ownership of land and the controls on internal migrations. These two characteristics of the Chinese development are the topics of very lively debates in the People's Republic, debates which rejoin general issues in developing countries, the ones of the definition of institutional arrangements over agricultural soils, and of the management of internal migration flows. It is shown that land rights insecurity acts as a constraint on rural households' migration decisions, but also that, symmetrically, the persistence of collective reallocations of land can manifest the interests, not only of village cadres, but also of villagers themselves. It is also shown that the constraints on the migration decisions of rural citizens, through the "household registration system" (hukou), which practically pre vents them from definitively settling down in urban areas, could explain part of the very high saving rate in China, and so hastens the development of the Chinese countryside
TANGUY, JAVET TANGUY ANNICK. « Repartition et croissance les annees 1945-1973 ». Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010062.
Texte intégralThis thesis deals with the relationships between economic growth and the functional and size distributiion of income. The first part is an analysis of the controversies (primarily empirical) brought about the kuznets curve which emphasize the growth -> size distribution relationship and the theoritical debats in the major systems of economic thought which deal essentially with the functional distributioin -> growth relationship. After this presentatioin of the paradigms. Their pertinence is studie by broadening the research to wages and to wealth, to poverty and to the standard of living, taking into consideration the developed countries and the less developed ones, in limiting the period to the years of great growth, 1945-1973, and in viewing successively the two causal relations, the first in the form of a contemporaneous causality and the second in that of a sequential causality. The second part treats the action of growth and its physical modes on the distribution between wages and profits, on the distribution of incomes, wages and capital, on poverty and on the standard of living. The third part deals finally with the possible effects of functional distribution, of size distribution, of poverty and the standard of living, on future economic growth. This part is dominated by the clash between new-classical and keynesian logics for or against the trade-off thesis
Fournet, Patrice. « La transition économique chinoise : Evolution du rôle économique de l'Etat depuis 1978- ». Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0066.
Texte intégralDuring the last two decades, China has been through fundamental changes. Its new development strategy and economic reforms programme have meant a transition from an unbalanced growth, dominated by heavy industry, to a more harmonious growth, with the ultimate aim being to lead the socialist economic market to its next triumph. This transition from a centrally controlled economy to an operating system including the market and planning requires a major role from the authorities. A review of the state's economic role within this process highlights the fact that China must improve socialist mechanisms in the market, reinforce macroeconomic controls, master inflation and reform public companies by opening to the outside world. This is the only way for China to again become, ‘The Middle Empire'
Cencetti, Elisa. « Des bergers sans troupeau : les nouveaux nomades de l’économie socialiste de marché en Amdo-Qinghai (RPC) ». Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0550.
Texte intégralSince the end of the 1980s, within the framework of national-level environmental protection and regional development policies, the PRC authorities have implemented new programs and plans aimed at the management and control of Amdo-qinghai territory and its inhabitants - Tibetan herders. One of these projects has been the relocation of Tibetan herders into new settlements close to townships and principal roads. This project has a dual objective: to both protect the natural environment of the Tibetan Plateau and to control the mobile population of herders by gathering them into these peri-urban zones. In addition, the relocation projects is also aimed at improving the living conditions of Tibetan herders and at regional economic development. My Ph. D dissertation analyzes three issues related to the relocations of herders into the new settlements. Firstly, it examines politico-territorial transformations and changes in the relationship between people and their living environment. Secondly, it analyzes the changes to the economic system of relocated herdres and their ngotiation of the new production system resulting from the development of a socialist market economy. Finally, it reveals a new nomadism amongst Tibetan herders relocated into the new settlements, as they struggle to provide for their families in this new economic and political environment
Maillot, Stéphanie. « Redistribution et dépenses de santé ». Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA0004.
Texte intégralThis thesis studies income redistribution. Redistribution comes from public health care finance and income taxation. Social and fiscal policies can be implemented by a benevolent State but also by self-interested politicians. The first part is a synthesis of literature. The normative and political approaches are retained to study health care finance and income redistribution. The second part studies the optimal redistributive policy when State is benevolent and offers income and health care coverage by means of a direct linear income tax. I also consider the introduction of moral hazard in a second time. The last part considers the democratic decision process : majority voting, to determine which fiscal and social policy has to be implemented, and analyzes the redistributive impact
Belardello, Mario Jovani. « Etudes sur la nature et les causes du transfert de la richesse entre la sphère réelle et la sphère financière : théorie d'une économie discriminante fondée sur la maximisation des mécanismes de capture des flux économiques ». Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020105.
Texte intégralDées, Stéphane. « Compétitivité, investissement direct étranger et croissance : le succès économique chinois expliqué par la politique d'ouverture (1978-1998) ». Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40022.
Texte intégralThis study shows then the merits of the development strategy chosen by china. The 'open door' policy implemented by deng xiaoping in 1978 has allowed china to benefit from technology transfer necessary to technical progress growth. During the 1980s, this transfer was realised through the imports of manufactured goods, machinery and equipment. Knowing the role of fdi in the foreign technology acquisition, the chinese authorities have led an exchange rate policy based on the undervaluation of the yuan from the end of the 1980s. In addition to the creation of current surpluses, this undervaluation has attracted fdi inflows coming from the mncs motivated by the weak relative costs that china proposed. These huge fdi inflows came mostly from the asian nics. The east asian mncs have relocated their production in china, not to reach an expending market, but to benefit from these weak costs in order to re-export, after transformation in china, products that have been previously imported. Even if these fdi inflows were not technology intensive, they allow china to acquire knowledge proper to market economies, mainly in the management and the use of resources. This strategy has then been limited to foreign trade and fdi. Based on the absence of capital account openness, china has protected itself from the open economy sensitivity to short term capital flows (particularly speculative). This choice is justified by the specificity of the chinese economic system. China was face to the following problem : how to open the economy toward the rest of the world with a financial system which is inoperative ? By limiting its openness to foreign trade and long term capital, china has benefited from the positive effects of openness on economic development (via the stimulation of technology transfer) without suffering from contagion risk after any problem on the neighbour's financial markets
He, Yong. « Vers une théorie politico-économique du régime communiste : application à la Chine ». Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010015.
Texte intégralAfter having shown the failure of the socialist welfare economics as a result of his impossibility to integrate the politics, we have utilised the method of the public choice to illustrate the basic logic of the communist regime. We have shown that there is, in the history of the communist regime, an evolution of the trust of the people to the communism. The economy being totally controlled by the state, individuals will express their distrust and discontent in their work. With an economic result more disquieting and an authoruty less and less legitimate, the communist government is obliged to choose between two solutions: to reduce his share in national economy, that is to say, the increase of the share of the market ; to leave a part of the right of political control to individuals so as to increase his credibility, that is to say, the democratization. We have studied furthermore, always in economic context, the nature of the communist bureaucracy, the particularity of the chinese political structure, the possibility of the revolution and finally the post-communist democracy
Chin, Véronique. « La modernisation de l'agriculture chinoise : le cas des filières d'élevage : économie paysanne et dynamiques industrielles ». Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0099.
Texte intégralThis study examines the modernization processes of Chinese agriculture since 1980 with a special focus on swine and poultry industries. Emerging production systems and development factors are studied through field studies in Guangdong province. When typical development patterns appeared in the poultry industry, the swine industry shows a different development path with small size family productions staying predominant. These small size productions result from land policy, rural underemployment and markets instabilities. In addition to animal husbandry, this study shows how small farms, with peasant roots, had remarkably adapted and evolved through multiple paths. As such, they allow a better understanding of the specific constraints of China's agricultural and food industries, as well as show that there is not only one way to economic development
Kim, Geneuhc. « Distribution équitable et bien-être social : approches théorique et empirique sur données individuelles de la Corée du Sud ». Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010041.
Texte intégralThis thesis takes as its subject matter themes in the field of income distribution, inequality (inequity) and economic justice. This thesis examines three important points : - the income distribution by the inequality measures ( Gini, Theil, Atkinson, etc. ) is competent as social welfare level. - The social welfare levels without and taking account of the objective parameters are compared. - The government has to choose the optimal tax rate and optimal transfer for reach the maximun social welfare in the malevolent economics
André, Paul. « La notion d'État dans la pensée politique chinoise et ses conséquences sur la scène internationale ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00511284.
Texte intégralBojorquez, Renan. « La décentralisation dans une économie en voie de développement : le cas du Pérou ». Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010071.
Texte intégralHu, Ying. « L'impact de la distribution géographique des investissements directs étrangers sur le développement de l'économie régionale en Chine ». Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0164.
Texte intégralAt the end of 70s of last Century, China opened its economy and began to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). The constant inflow of FDI has been playing an important role in the fast economic growth of China. China has thus become one of the most popular investment destinations of FDI. However, the FDI is not distributed equally among the Chinese regions. Most of them have entered into the coastal region of the east. Not only the western and central regions have received much less FDI than their eastern counterpart, but also the gap in terms of economic development between the three big Chinese regions continues to grow. A research on the geographical distribution of the FDI in China could be helpful in better understanding one of the important reasons of the regionaI economic development disparity of China. This dissertation is a research of economic development of the eastern, western and central regions of China from the point of uneven distribution of the FDI with a combining of two subjects: the unbalanced distribution of FDI and the regional development in China
Bérenger, Valérie. « Interrogations théoriques sur l'équivalence des systèmes de financement de la retraite en termes de finances publiques ». Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0003.
Texte intégralOur work deals with the existence of some interferences between the question concerning the choice of financing method of public pension scheme : pay-as-you-go versus funded system and the financing of government budget : tax versus debt financing. Our purpose is to show the necessity to consider the payg versus funded debate in the general framework of fiscal policy. With this aim in view, we initiate filtering of the theoretical literature relative to the pension schemes' macroeconomics incidence in counterpoint to the public debt theory. We start from a rudimentary overlapping generations model whose enrichement allows to take account for characteristic intergenerational aspects of the different evolution's phases of the financing pension schemes. This approach leads us to identify the functioning of payg to the process of renewal of borrowing between overlapping generations and to emphasize the characteristics of a collective funded pension system. After the establishment of analoggies, we consider the coexistence of the government with the public pension system in order to take account for the role played in the last resort by the government in the financing of the retirement system and the role of this latter as a tool of overall fiscal policy. The demonstration of proposal reforms' flaws and the identification of conceptual divergences concerning social insurance leads uto insert payg versus funded system debate in the context of the public debt policy. The investigation of debates which emerged at the time of the different phases of the evolution of the american social security system makes possible to establish a link between the financing of retirement public system and the functional features of public finances. An equivalence thesis becomes apparent from this study
Savard, Luc. « Analyse de la pauvreté et distribution de revenus dans le cadre de la modélisation en équilibre général calculable ». Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0092.
Texte intégralOver the last ten years, economists have proposed macro-micro modelling approaches to analyse the impact of economic policy reforms on poverty and income distribution. In this thesis, we propose an alternative general equilibrium approach that builds on the integrated multi-households and sequential micro simulation models. The approach is both flexible and rich and explicitly takes into account the feedback effects generated at the micro household level. A comparative analysis with the representative household approach revealed the importance of endogenizing the income distribution. The introduction of a flexible form for consumption has generated strong effects on poverty and inequality indices. Finally the non linear labour supply has shown the flexibility of the approach. Hence, the approach offers a rich and flexible alternative to researchers interested by impact analysis of macroeconomic reforms on poor households
Sperber, Nathan. « Repenser le capitalisme d'État : l'économie politique chinoise en perspective comparée ». Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0070.
Texte intégralThis study seeks to revisit the notion of "state capitalism", at once theoretically and empirically, comparatively and monographically, in view of renewing the critical understanding of the state's involvement in capitalist markets in the current period. This endeavour is premised on a critical examination of the extant theoretical literature on state-market relations, including past writings that have grappled explicitly with "state capitalism", both in the previous century and in recent years. It entails, further, the design and implementation of a novel conceptual-methodological framework for the comparative assessment of degrees, modalities, and institutional sites of state control and influence over the economic process. Finally, it features an in-depth investigation of the institutional instantiations and societal ramifications of the party-state's economic attributions in the People's Republic of China, the national formation most frequently identified with state capitalism today. Overall, this study embodies an attempt to vindicate the relevance of a reconstructed concept of state capitalism for critical political economy, and specifically for the research agenda on comparative capitalism. Additionally, it purports to reclaim the problematics of social agency and elite formation in relation to the elucidation of the capitalist state. In so far as it sheds light on China's development trajectory in the reform era and on its present-day political-economic configuration, this study also represents an effort to further the integration of China within comparative research in political economy
Maguain, Denis. « Justice distributive et mecanismes incitatifs : theories et applications a l'education ». Cergy-Pontoise, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CERG0084.
Texte intégralChena, Pablo Ignacio. « Heterogeneidad estructural, crecimiento economico y distribucion del ingreso : el caso de Argentina, 1991-2006 ». Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0057.
Texte intégralThe thesis starts with a comparative study of the concept of Structural Heterogeneity (SH), through the structuralist and neostructuralist théories. From that point onwards, the analytical effort is concerned in establishing new theoretical channels that make it explicit the mechanisms through which the économie structure can, not only limit the income growth, but also increase the volatility and instability of économie cycle. Finally, it goes back over the causes of SH, but from the hypothesis that the structuralist and neostructuralist théories underestimate the power of monetary régulation and the power of income distribution in the formulation of the heterogeneous productive structures. With this premise, the thesis develops a monetary theory of institutional base in which the unequal access to crédit and the relative prices reflect the effects of the income distribution over the level and the évolution of the structural imbalances
Azizi, Karim. « Inégalités, démocratisation et développement ». Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA131015.
Texte intégralOur thesis deals with the relationship between inequality and subsequent long run growth. More particularly, we show that inequality is harmful for growth. Various mechanisms may help to explain such a result. The borrowing constraints approach is one of them. Using a simultaneous equation model, we test this approach. One of our conclusions is that the growth-reducing effect of inequality is enhanced by harsher borrowing constraints. Our thesis particularly focuses on political economy analysis. In a borrowing constraints setting with non-standard political economy mechanisms, we notably show a non linear relationship between inequality and growth. More generally, we highlight the effect of initial distributive conditions on economic development and democratisation
Dallery, Thomas. « Le divorce rentabilité/croissance dans le capitalisme financiarisé : changements de régimes, équilibres, instabilités et conflits ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL12007/document.
Texte intégralThe divorce between profitability and growth that emerged since the 80s raises a paradox that has to be explained. The macroeconomic realisation of profits being determined by capitalists’ spendings, the slowdown of accumulation cannot come (theoretically) with a profitability recovery, others things being equal. After having recalled, in a first chapter, that financialisation is only the last avatar of a long trend for capitalism to escape from real economy, we show, in a second chapter, thatfinancialisation leads, for the individual firm, to a reorientation towards shareholders’ profitability claims at the expense of managers and capital accumulation, financial (indebtedness) and real (capacity utilisation) security, and also of workers (real wage). After having faced, in a third chapter, two methodological, embarrassing questions for kaleckian models of growth and distribution (not very plausible and unstable for the most plausible ones), we use, in a fourth chapter, a second macroeconomic approach (stock-flow consistent model) where conflict impacts distribution (conflict inflation) and accumulation (growth/profit trade-off). We show that dividends distribution and share buybacks allow, within the limits permitted by indebtedness, for a stimulation of rentiers’ consumption and for the realisation of profitability claims, in spite of the slowdown of accumulation
Monteil, Amandine. « Emploi informel et gestion des inégalités sociales en Chine urbaine : les politiques de promotion de « l'emploi communautaire » parmi les « groupes vulnérables » à Chengdu (2006-2009) ». Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0048.
Texte intégralEconomic reforms resulted in huge social changes. Beyond the worsening of material inequalities, urban social cohesion is challenged by the new contacts established through internal migrations and the reform of the public sector between groups that used to live separately. However, Chinese cities didn't face massive unrest 50 far. This dissertations question this paradoxal stability by focusing on the various social groups that share the bottom of the pyramid in cities, and their common point: informal employment. This notion not only points out the way people excluded from the salarial system manage to earn their living, and the fact that these violations of the law go hand with hand with a lack of legal protection. More importantly, small-sized informal economic activities are an essential factor of new sociability modes. Interviews performed in several neighborhoods in Chengdu and Leshan illustrate the emergence of new complex identities, new individual and collective trajectories, and new social relations, around the exercising of small informal jobs in streets, small shops or at home. Authorities have recently become more and more conscious of the importance of regulating this moving social space, whose dynamics largely go beyond these control attempts. The implementation of social policies favour of « flexible» workers and the promotion of « community jobs” participate in such an approach. Throught informal employment, the evolution of the social contract is at stake, both in terms of social cohesion and in terms of relationship between state and society
Shi, Ling Ying. « L'intégration dans le commerce mondial de la Chine et son adhésion à l'OMC ». Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100026.
Texte intégralChina's entry in the WTO is a subject of great complexity. The thesis has two main thrusts : 1. China's internal judicial reforms in order to modernize its economic system. These reforms are mainly focused on promotion of its exportation. 2. Important judicial issues in sino-american and sino-european relations. China's entry in the WTO is an interactive procedure between China and its occidental trade partners
Jing, Xuewen. « La Croissance économique et le bonheur : le système de protection sociale en Chine et les idées inspirées de l'Europe ». Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/150239548#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texte intégralThis thesis is dedicated to the welfare system in China and the inspired ideas of Europe, rather in the social sciences, not for technical methods. We support a role for social protection during the modernization of China. Currently the issue of social protection is at the heart of Chinese society. Three reasons for this unprecedented attention paid to social protection system in China : first, we often find the absence of a policy of welfare for the population and secondly, economic growth brings a revival of ideology, many Chinese turning their attention to certain social problems to build a democratic society that a welfare state can be established, and thirdly, the history of Europe shows that social protection is an economic investment. A relatively just society through a system of comprehensive social protection is a sound basis for economic construction. The European social model is distinguished by a high level of social protection. But the level of the Chinese system is too low, especially in vast rural areas, there is almost no social protection. The purpose of economic growth is to make the happiness of the population. In a context of radical social change, China needs to catch up on social protection by the functions of the State
Gajdos, Thibault. « Essais sur les fondements de la mesure des inégalités ». Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010064.
Texte intégralZhuang, Maiting. « Essays on Media and Government in China ». Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0136.
Texte intégralThis thesis consists of three empirical research papers on the political economy of China. The first chapter studies how conflict within an autocratic elite affects media content, while the second chapter shows how media content can in turn influence public opinion. The third chapter analyses the motivation and behaviour of individuals as they rise up the autocratic hierarchy.Chapter 1 offers an explanation for why media censorship varies within an autocratic country. I study how Chinese newspapers report about officials caught during Xi Jinping’s anti-corruption campaign, by collecting close to 40,000 articles in print and the corresponding social media posts and comments. I show that individuals are significantly more likely to search for and comment on news about corrupt officials from their own province. Yet, despite greater reader interest, local newspapers underreport corruption scandals involving high-level officials from their own province. Underreporting is greater when a newspaper does not rely on advertising revenue and a corrupt official is well connected. When newspapers do report on high-level corruption at home, they deemphasise these stories, by making them shorter, less negative and less likely to explicitly mention corruption. Similarly, city-level newspapers report less about corruption in their own city relative to other cities in the same province, but are more likely to report corruption within their provincial government than corresponding provincial newspapers. These results illustrate how intergovernmental conflict within an autocracy can lead to diverging media censorship strategies by different levels of government. I present suggestive evidence that this type of localised censorship can reduce the accountability of local governments.Chapter 2 investigates whether stereotypes in entertainment media promote negative sentiment against foreigners. Despite close economic ties, anti-Japanese sentiment is high in China. I assemble detailed information on Chinese TV broadcasts during 2012 and document that around 20 percent of all TV shows aired during prime time were historical TV dramas set during the Japanese occupation of China during World War II. To identify the causal effect of media on sentiment, I exploit high-frequency data and exogenous variation in the likelihood of viewing Sino-Japanese war dramas due to channel positions and substitution between similar programmes. I show that exposure to these TV shows lead to a significant increase in anti-Japanese protests and anti-Japanese hate speech on social media across China. These effects are driven by privately rather than state-produced TV shows.Chapter 3, co-authored with Paul Dutronc-Postel, illustrates how career incentives can affect bureaucrats' policy choices. We collect data on the career histories of the top bureaucrats of all Chinese prefectures between 1996 and 2014 and identify the causal effect of career incentives by exploiting variation in the ex ante competitiveness of promotions. Bureaucrats with a smaller starting cohort have a greater likelihood of promotion. This incentivises them to adopt a strategy that relies on real estate investment and rural land expropriation, resulting in faster growth in construction and GDP. We present suggestive evidence that the same incentives result in lower investment in education, public transport and health. We corroborate our findings using survey and remote sensing data, and show that land expropriations are associated with adverse outcomes for expropriated individuals, with subsequent arrests of local officials, and with the emergence of "ghost cities"
Curien, Rémi. « Services essentiels en réseaux et fabrique urbaine en Chine : la quête d’une environnementalisation dans le cadre d’un développement accéléré : enquêtes à Shanghai, Suzhou et Tianjin ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1191.
Texte intégralEnvironmentalising the country's development without significantly changing the pace of economic and urban growth: such is the difficult challenge set since 2006 by the Chinese authorities to deal with the increasing pressure bearing on natural environment and major environmental damage caused by accelerated development. China is probably the only country in the world where a goal of energy and environmental sobriety in the provision of urban utilities (water, waste-water, electricity, gas, heating, waste management) is so vigorously sought in circular economy policies, more specifically in eco-industrial parks and eco-cities projects, in the context of a strong and extended economic and urban development. Based on an investigation conducted in Shanghai, Suzhou and Tianjin, three cities at the forefront of transformations in China, and combined with a study of the national framework and the overall situation in the country, the thesis aims to analyze the substance and the forms of the urban utilities' environmentlisation implemented in China. Our research shows that the ambitious Chinese policies of urban utilities' environmentalisation leads in the cities to a partial improvement in the environmental quality of their provision, while the horizon of sobriety and circular economy remains distant. The prevalence of the developmentalist urban fabric stands structurally in the way of the emergence of resources reuse-oriented alternative technical systems to conventional networks. The urban utilities' environmentalisation path taken in the Chinese cities is too technocentric and too exogenous to urban planning for the environmentalisation and especially the quest for sobriety to be more substantial. Operationally, these findings encourage a greater integration of utilities' provision issues in the planning and development of cities, both in China and beyond the Chinese context
Wang, Rui. « Mondialisation et localisation des activités des entreprises : UE – R. P. de Chine ». Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030019.
Texte intégralThe objective of this work is to understand the localization of the European and the Chinese enterprises within the framework of globalization; The research is founded on three principal parts : a) the theoretical contribution with trade, IDE and globalization ; b) the principal determinants of offsourcing and localization between the European and the Chinese enterprises ; c) the activities of the enterprises localized and the consequences caused in the host countries and the countries of origin. The european enterprises, localized in China are generally attracted by the comparative advantages of this country like the low cost of labour and an immense domestic demand. The Chinese enterprises are interested to purchase the European enterprises since they could quickly control the leading-edge technology, the famous brands and the distribution network. China profited a lot from the localization of the European enterprises (the progression of technology), but it also encounters serious problems (the shortage of the raw materials). In the european countries, the localization of the enterprises in the foreign countries caused some problems such as the fall of industrial employment. Moreover, the arrival of the chinese enterprises cannot play an important role as regards creation of employment and reduction of the deficit on the side of the European Union. In conclusion, the challenges and the obstacles met in the host countries can leave the European and the Chinese enterprises to think about their strategies of localization
Fu, Jie. « Diversification, internationalisation et performance : le cas des groupes d'affaires chinois ». Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10037.
Texte intégralThis study analyzes the role played by the institutional context in the relationship between strategic choice and performance of Chinese business groups, particularly regarding diversification and internationalization. Theoretically, this study updates our knowledge concerning the Chinese institutional context and deepens our understanding of how institutional voids and institutional transitions in China shape the strategic behavior of business groups in terms of diversification choices. Since the internationalization process of Chinese multinationals requires theoretical frameworks which are different from those established by Western companies, this study also proposes a theoretical model based on institutional factors that determine the global competitiveness and the internationalization-performance relationship of Chinese multinationals. This study confirms that, unlike multinationals from developed markets which can deploy their competitive advantages (e.g. technologies and brands) in the host country, Chinese multinationals are involved in a process of learning and strategic asset-seeking in order to reduce the competitive gap with established multinationals. Empirically, our analysis of Chinese business groups shows that: (1) The specialization and internationalization create value for Chinese business groups; (2) The unrelated diversification has a negative effect on groups’ performance; (3) There are an inverted-U shaped relationship between the internationalization level and groups’ performance and also a negative association between institutional distance and groups’ performance
El, Ibrahimi Adil. « Désinvestissement et création de richesse ». Toulon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUL2003.
Texte intégralLa, Rupelle Maëlys de. « Institutions financières, migrations et inégalités en Chine ». Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0025.
Texte intégralThis PhD focuses on the relationship between institutions and development, and, more specifically, on land rights and on internaI migration in China in the early 2000s. Our work deals with two main questions: is institution al reform able to transform deeply society and to have a durable impact on inequaIity ? How institutions are impacting individual decisions and therefore development? The three decades of the Maoist period aimed precisely at disrupting the intergenerational transmission of inequalities. Yet, we show that the offspring of the households which were the poorest in the 1940s have, in the ear1y twenty-first century, less access to land and education than others. In rare areas, where revolution has benefited from additional resources and that the Long March path identifies, we observe a reverse pattern: the sons of the former poor peasants rely on a bigger amount of land than others. As access to land and education proves to be persistent, migration has an important role to play in developing the countryside. However, migration is heavily constrained by a set of institutions. The household registration system, or Hukou, land rights, birth control are making a definitive settlement in urban areas extremely difficult. We show how land rights insecurity, jeopardizing the main asset of rural households, and family planning policies, reducing family size, and thus resources to cope with agricultural needs, shorten migration duration
Hui, Wan-Sze. « "Economie des marchés socialiste" et réforme industrielle dans la Chine de l'ère Deng de 1978 à1997 ». Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP2310.
Texte intégralGnanonobodom, Tiou-Tagba Aliti. « Modélisation des déséquilibres financiers globaux et régimes de change ». Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA131017.
Texte intégralGlobal macroeconomic adjustments are usually discussed first by the stylized facts and causes global imbalances and then using a Stock-Flow Consistent (SFC) models in the lines of Godley and Lavoie (2007) and Zhao and Lavoie (2010). Three models are considered. First, fixed prices, three areas with a debt in local currency and with dollar-yuan fixed, but may also include conduct of reserve diversification of China's central bank and a dollar-yuan according to floating or administered regimes. The second is a generalization of the previous one with flexible prices rather than fixed prices. The third, fixed prices, four areas with the rest of world debt in dollars, include an anchoring of the rest of world and the yuan to the dollar and three scenarios for anchoring to a basket of currencies. Faced with shocks, the fixed parity of the yuan-dollar limits the reduction of global imbalances in favor of China. Diversification of foreign exchange reserves of China’s central bank is changing the nature of adjustments, especially at the expense of the euro area because of the depreciation of the dollar that results. The flexibility of the yuan-dollar parity, however, appears as an effective way to reduce imbalances in all three models. If a freely floating of the yuan appears unrealistic in the current context, a managed exchange rate regime over the yuan-dollar parity adjustment mechanisms gives quite similar. Finally, the model with flexible prices confirms the main results obtained previously
Fabre, Brice. « Économie politique des collectivités locales : trois essais sur les communes françaises ». Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0072/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis aims at bringing new knowledge on political factors and processes affecting local governments. This investigation is made through an empirical analysis of French municipalities’ accounts. The first two chapters of this thesis investigate the impact of links between politicians of different tiers of government on the territorial allocation of public investment funds. The analysis focuses on discretionary investment grants received by municipalities. Evidence shows an important impact of multiple office-holding, and a significant influence of top national politicians’ career in local councils on the allocation of these transfers. The third chapter of this thesis aims at studying the impact of local income inequality on local public decisions. This work contributes to an important literature in Political Economy on the impact of income distribution on political processes. Evidence suggests a significant role of income inequality on local public investment and local taxation
Bonnefond, Céline. « L'analyse des inégalités sociales et spatiales dans le processus d'émergence de la Chine ». Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40039/document.
Texte intégralThe rapid emergence of China has been accompanied by a significant increase in inequalities, resulting in profound changes affecting both the economic and social structures of China. The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to provide a better understanding of the diversity of these transformations, by combining macro and microeconomic analyses, together with economic and sociological approaches. Firstly, this research mobilizes provincial data in order to give a general overview of the level of regional disparities and of the spatial concentration of wealth. The recent decline in regional disparities can, among other things, be explained by the existence of growth spillover effects between Chinese provinces. Subsequently, the study is supplemented by the use of household survey data. The analysis of income polarization in rural and urban areas allows to highlight some shifts in its distribution, emphasizing in particular the constitution of population clusters in intermediate income ranges. An intensive investigation on the Chinese urban middle class is thereafter conducted so as to identify its members on an income-based definition, and to underline the heterogeneity of this category regarding employment and education. Finally, based on the example of food consumption and social attitude towards body weight, the vanguard role of middle class in the nutrition transition is highlighted. To conclude, the Chinese middle class appears to be a central category to ensure the further development of China
Zhao, Yanhai. « L'insertion de la Chine dans la mondialisation, les flux d'investissements directs étrangers et la disparité économique régionale en Chine ». Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771885.
Texte intégralZucman, Gabriel. « Trois essais sur la répartition mondiale des fortunes ». Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0071.
Texte intégralThis PhD dissertation gathers three essays on the world distribution of wealth. The first chapter, "The Missing Wealth of Nations: Are Europe and the U. S. Net Debtors or net Creditors?" attempts to measure the wealth held by rich individuals in offshore tax havens, using unique Swiss statistics and systematic anomalies in the international investment data of countries. The main finding is that about 8\% of the world's financial wealth of households is he Id offshore, of which at least three-quarters go unrecorded in the official data. Accounting for this missing wealth can turn the world's second largest net debtor, the Eurozone, into a net creditor, and significantly improves the net position of the world's largest net debtor, the U. S. The second chapter, "The End of Bank Secrecy? An Evaluation of the G20 Tax Haven Crackdown", written with Niels Johannesen, investigates whether recent policy initiatives aimed at curbing tax evasion has been effective. In the aftermath of the financial crisis, G20 countries compelled tax havens to sign bilateral tax treaties providing for the exchange of bank information upon request. Based on a rich dataset from the Bank for International Settlements, the chapter shows that the signature of treaties has not provoked any substantial repatriation of wealth onshore but so far has led to a relocation of offshore fortunes to the benefit of the least compliant tax havens. The last chapter, "Capital is Back: Wealth-Income Ratios in Rich Countries, 1700-2010", written with Thomas Piketty, attempts to document and explain the long run evolution of aggregate wealth to income ratios