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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Regulatory Reform – European Union »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Regulatory Reform – European Union"

1

Kasyanov, R. A. « EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE OF FINANCIAL MARKETS REGULATION AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR ITS APPLICATION IN RUSSIA ». MGIMO Review of International Relations, n^o 4(31) (28 août 2013) : 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-4-31-267-274.

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Large-scale improvement is in store for the European financial regulators. Reforms are being carried out at the supranational level of the European Union whereas the national legislation of the EU member-states is being refined. Similarly, the system of financial regulation in the Russian Federation is about to change prompting creation of a mega-regulator for the financial market on the basis of the RF Central Bank to be launched in August of 2013 with the regulation and supervision shared by the RF Ministry of Finance and Central Bank respectively. As a result, the current regulator, Federal Financial Markets Service, will be abolished with its staff to be employed by the Central Bank. Whether the initiative will be successful depends on a number of factors, among them appropriate application of existing regulation models taking into account the following aspects: participation/non-participation of the market and professional community in the regulation; the subject and the field of regulation. Scrutiny of the European regulators active at the level of the European Union, as well as the national experience of the financial regulators of Luxemburg and Belgium gives a better insight into the prospects of the regulatory reform that is supposed to make the future system intelligible, lucid and self-sufficient, which should be reflected in the underlying legislation.

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van Calster, Geert. « An Overview of Regulatory Innovation in the European Union ». Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 11 (2009) : 289–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712802730620.

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AbstractThis chapter reviews the regulatory innovation process in the European Union, with a focus on the environmental sector. It examines the EU documents on regulation and, in particular, the ‘eight pillars of European governance’ listed by the European Commission in its follow-up to the 2001 White Paper on European Governance, as a useful means of categorising the practical consequences which the European Union attaches to the different implications of the governance debate in the EU. It goes on to summarise the initiatives on regulatory innovation as kick-started by the White Paper on Governance, and to map the current state of each of these initiatives. It concludes that no fundamental reform is required, but rather only a slim number of targeted remedies; the only real solution to the regulatory fog is acceptance and deregulation.

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van Calster, Geert. « An Overview of Regulatory Innovation in the European Union ». Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 11 (2009) : 289–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000001610.

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Abstract This chapter reviews the regulatory innovation process in the European Union, with a focus on the environmental sector. It examines the EU documents on regulation and, in particular, the ‘eight pillars of European governance’ listed by the European Commission in its follow-up to the 2001 White Paper on European Governance, as a useful means of categorising the practical consequences which the European Union attaches to the different implications of the governance debate in the EU. It goes on to summarise the initiatives on regulatory innovation as kick-started by the White Paper on Governance, and to map the current state of each of these initiatives. It concludes that no fundamental reform is required, but rather only a slim number of targeted remedies; the only real solution to the regulatory fog is acceptance and deregulation.

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Kelly, Cliona. « Consumer reform in Ireland and the UK ». Common Law World Review 47, n^o 1 (mars 2018) : 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473779518773639.

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The departure of the UK from the European Union is likely to pose significant challenges for the Irish economy and legal system. This article explores the impact of various possible outcomes of Brexit negotiations on the ‘special relationship’ that currently exists between Irish and UK consumer law. If post-Brexit the Westminster Parliament is free to repeal or replace existing consumer rules of European origin, and courts are not bound to interpret remaining rules in a manner consistent with decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union, there is likely to be significant regulatory divergence between the two jurisdictions. In Ireland, the increasing impact of the European Union might affect not merely the substance of consumer rights, but also the architecture of statutes and categorisation of consumer rights, the language and conceptual tools used, and how rights are interpreted by the courts. This article also examines how regulatory divergence can be observed even prior to Brexit: the enactment of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 represents a significant change in the regulation of consumer contracts in the UK, and the inability of Ireland to progress a similar consolidation and reform of the law is the first of many divergences which we are likely to see in the coming years.

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Deipenbrock, Gudula. « Trying or Failing Better Next Time ? - The European Legal Framework for Credit Rating Agencies after Its Second Reform ». European Business Law Review 25, Issue 2 (1 mars 2014) : 207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2014007.

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Between 2009 and 2013 the European Union ( Union) introduced a regulatory and supervisory regime for credit rating agencies (CRAs) and reformed it twice. The Union left the path of industry self-regulation triggered by the financial crisis with its first peak in autumn 2008, the collapse of Lehman Brothers. The turmoil brought to the financial markets prevailed upon the Union at the same time to redesign the supervision of the European financial market fundamentally by introducing a new European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS). The Union's approach to financial market regulation has changed radically in the wake of the recent financial market crises. The Union continues to face far-reaching changes on its way to an 'ever closer' capital market with pivotal projects such as the banking union on its agenda. This paper discusses the Union's regulatory approach to the credit rating sector. It introduces critically the various legal acts forming the regulatory and supervisory regime for CRAs in the Union with a particular focus on its second reform. The paper explores whether the Union is on track to adequately address the main dysfunctions of the credit rating sector which remained unresolved: the overreliance on credit ratings, the oligopolistic structure of the credit rating sector, the civil liability of CRAs, the conflicts of interest, sovereign rating and a further enhancement of the quality of credit ratings. The paper argues that the regulatory framework for CRAs after the second reform appears to have only marginally improved thereby limiting its potential to achieve its ambitious goals. The analysis of the sector-specific, regulatory developing lines in the credit rating market as presented in this paper might also be considered to exemplify some of the general legal (- practical) challenges in the realm of European financial market law.

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Lange, Bettina, Giuliano G. Castellano et Alain Jeunemaître. « Reforming European Union Financial Regulation : Thinking through Governance Models ». European Business Law Review 23, Issue 3 (1 juin 2012) : 409–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2012023.

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This article examines the relationships between governance structures and regulatory approaches. It develops a typology to explain and fine-tune supranational regulatory models for the governance of markets. The article suggests, firstly, a range of regulatory options which are defined according to two dimensions: (a) the degree of centralization of regulation, which includes networks, meta-organizations, and single central authorities; and (b) the degree of invasiveness of regulation, which ranges from sunshine regulation to command and control approaches. The aim is to relate structural alternatives (considered in terms of centralization) to regulatory approaches (considered in terms of invasiveness). The typology here constructed is applied to analyse the governance structure of EU competition law. Secondly, the article focuses on the recent structural changes reshaping the governance of European financial markets. The reform is discussed through the lens of the typology. It appears that, differently from what was observed in the EU competition law model, the newly established European Supervisory Agencies (ESAs) are part of a complex structural development, in which the separation between a highly invasive regulatory approach and a decentralised supervisory structure adds further complexity. The article concludes by noting a set of possible normative implications, suggested by the typology, to ensure a consistent governance model for financial markets regulation and supervision in the EU.

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Todorović, Violeta, Milena Jakšić et Lazar Sedlarević. « Redefining the Role of Banking Regulation in the Banking Sector of European Union ». Economic Themes 53, n^o 1 (1 mars 2015) : 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2015-0002.

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Abstract During the last two decades there have been significant changes in the structure of the banking sector at the European level. Factors such as globalization, integration and development of information technologies had a significant impact on these changes. In terms of the economic integration of Europe and structural changes, there is a need to redefine the regulatory infrastructure, due to inadequate institutional arrangements. The problem topics about reform of banking regulation and establishment of a banking union, as a new level of economic integration of Europe, has been put in the focus of interest during the global financial crisis. For this reason, the paper attempts to give a comprehensive analysis of the reasons and ways to reform regulation of the banking sector. Using a critical review of the implemented reforms of banking regulation at the national and supranational level will be reconsidered their applicability in specific problem situations and suggest measures for further improvement.

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Nowak-Far, Artur. « The European Union, its Economic and Monetary Union, and the (Apparent) Perception of Crisis Reflected in Immediate Regulatory Actions ». Polish Review of International and European Law 9, n^o 2 (14 novembre 2020) : 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/priel.2020.9.2.06.

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While neither its institutional, nor legal arrangements fundamentally contributed to the emergence of the Eurozone crisis in the late 10’s of the 21st Century, the crisis exposed significant weaknesses of the EU economic governance, especially its inability to achieve a sustainable level of budgetary discipline. The crisis in particular highlighted the existing divisions of the EU Member States into different integration groups having divergent interests. Notably, it sharpened the division between the Eurozone states and non-Eurozone ones, as well as between the creditor-countries and debtor-countries. The EMU reform agenda adopted after 2008 gave more weighting to the interests of the former states. The emerging post-2008 economic governance-reform arrangements also gave more weight to the ECOFIN Council, at an expense of the European Commission. In the resulting institutional setting, the main aim of the EMU reform agenda was to assure the stability of the Eurozone and to reinforce its resistance to economic shocks. In this context, however, benefits arising from the reformed EMU are unevenly distributed, as they are more likely to avail the Eurozone countries than non- Eurozone countries, and more the creditor countries than the debtor ones.

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Kaiding, Josephine. « The Financial Transaction Tax : The Way Forward for the European Union ? » EC Tax Review 23, Issue 1 (1 février 2014) : 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2014004.

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The aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008-2009 has seen considerable pressure for financial sector reform, and thus the European Union has decided to go forward with a financial transaction tax ('the FTT'). As disunity between the Member States resulted in enhanced cooperation being resorted to for the first time in the area of taxation, the measure will be implemented in only eleven Member States. Whilst this article agrees that reform is imperative, it is argued that the proposed FTT is highly unlikely to improve the functioning of the financial sector. Its motivations appear to be primarily political, as the Financial Activities Tax ('the FAT') would have been preferable on legal and economic grounds. The article identifies specific aims for financial sector reform. Thereafter, the traditional dominance of regulation in this field is questioned, and consequently the decision of the EU to adopt a tax instrument is embraced as a step to achieve a combination of regulatory instruments and corrective taxation. However, the decision to go forward with the FTT is criticized, as it appears unable to address the objectives for reform and is likely to adversely impact on financial markets and the prosperity of Europe.

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Zhang, Chi. « Towards a Collective Regulatory System of Private Equity Funds in China : Legislative Progress and Political Challenges ». European Business Law Review 30, Issue 1 (1 février 2019) : 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2019007.

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Private equity investment funds have been playing an increasingly significant role in the Chinese economy. Owing to the fragmented financial regulatory regime of the country, however, both the official supervision and self-regulation of private equity funds in China are still problematic, which has increased the potential risk in the market. This article investigates the political logic of the ongoing legislative and regulatory reform of private equity funds in China. It also explores a proposal for the legal reform of the Chinese private equity industry with reference to the experience of the United Kingdom and the European Union. It is suggested that a unified financial regulatory system as a fundamental institutional arrangement is a pre-requisite for establishing an effective and efficient regulatory regime for private equity funds in China. This can only be achieved when the political conflict between different regulators in the Chinese bureaucratic system is removed.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Regulatory Reform – European Union"

1

Hoffman, Lars. « Does process matter ? : treaty reform in the European Union ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508413.

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Guvenc, Muge Hayriye. « The Budget Of The European Union : Need For A Reform ». Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608505/index.pdf.

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This thesis assesses the underlying political and financial reasons of the recent budgetary crisis of the European Union. It aims to discuss the possible reform alternatives for the European Union budget in order to improve it to better serve for the objectives of the enlarged Union and to enable the Member States to share the budget burden more fairly. To this purpose, the thesis first analyzes the budget of the European Union in terms of its aims, evolution and structure of revenue and expenditure items and than presents a general overview of the shortcomings of the present own resources system. In general, the thesis discusses possible reform areas, in which the reform process could take place. The thesis also shows how the Union overcame the policy challenges, and particularly the budgetary implications brought out with the inclusion of Central and Eastern European countries and how its financial perspectives covering the 2000-06 and 2007-2013 periods were finalized.

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3

Ozmen, Zelal. « The Process Of Reform Of The Structural Funds In European Union ». Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605755/index.pdf.

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The Structural Funds, (namely the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund, the Guidance Section of the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund and lastly the Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance) being the most important instruments of European Community Regional Policy have gone through a process of reform since their establishment as a consequence of European Union integration. This thesis aims to analyze the process of reform of the Structural Funds taking processes of widening and deepening of European Union as the main triggering factors. The thesis also traces the historical evolution of the Structural Funds and results of each main refom movement in a descriptive manner.

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Leong, Chak Chong. « The reform of the European Court of Justice ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2099302.

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Weidenfeld, Werner. « Die Europäische Union neu ausrichten : das differenzierte Europa ». Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4837/.

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Die EU ist überdehnt. Drei verschiedene, koexistierende Europavisionen erklären den derzeitigen Strategiemangel: Das pragmatische Europa ist nicht transparent, das grenzenlose Europa fördert Ängste unkontrollierbarer Veränderungen, und das Identitäs- Europa befindet sich in einer Sinnkrise. Antwort bieten mehrere Strategien: Ein Transfer einzelner Elemente der europäischen Verfassung in einen Europavertrag; Orientierung an einem differenzierten Europa und Bildung von Koalitionen, um Europa zu führen.
The EU is clearly overstreched. Three different conceptions of Europe explain the lack of strategy: The „pragmatic Europe” is not transparent, the „limitless Europe” causes fears of substantial changes, and the „identity-building Europe” suffers from a crisis of orientation. The following strategies could be applied: a transfer of some elements of the Constitutional Treaty into a condensed treaty; an orientation towards a more differentiated Europe, and the formation of coalitions in order to lead Europe.

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Yildiz, Ayselin Gozde Gozde. « The External Dimension Of The European Union&#039 ». Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614764/index.pdf.

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The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the external dimension of the European Union&rsquo
s (EU) immigration policy and its implications for transit countries through a comparative study of Turkey and Morocco. The thesis examines the development and institutionalization of the EU&rsquo
s externalization of its immigration policy within a chronological and theoretical context. Applying the theoretical debate concerning &ldquo
Europeanization beyond EU borders&rdquo
, it investigates to what extent the EU has successfully externalised its immigration policy to non-EU members, and what kind of intended and unintended impacts this has had on these countries. The thesis tries to explore both the successes and limits of the Europeanization of Turkey&rsquo
s and Morocco&rsquo
s domestic immigration policies by benchmarking progress in the harmonization of legal contexts, border management, visa policies, readmission agreements and asylum policies in each case. This study reaches similar conclusions concerning Turkey, as a candidate country within the EU&rsquo
s enlargement policy, and Morocco, as a country without membership prospect within the European Neighbourhood Policy, not only in terms of conceptualizing the EU&rsquo
s externalization of its immigration policy, but also for understanding the negative externalities it creates for transit countries which also limit further policy expansion.

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Schweiger, Christian. « Britain's and Germany's interests in EU enlargement and reform ». Thesis, University of Derby, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/582382.

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Lotze, Hermann. « Integration and Transition on European Agricultural and Food Markets : Policy Reform, European Union Enlargement, and Foreign Direct Investment ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14307.

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In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden verschiedene Fragestellungen zur Integration und Transformation auf den europäischen Agrar- und Ernährungsmärkten untersucht. Eine Weiterentwicklung der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik, die anstehende Osterweiterung der Europäischen Union (EU) sowie Auswirkungen von Ausländischen Direktinvestitionen (ADI) im Ernährungssektor mittel- und osteuropäischer Transformationsländer werden mit Hilfe von partiellen und allgemeinen Gleichgewichtsmodellen simuliert. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist die separate, quantitative Analyse ausgewählter Aspekte der Integration und Transformation sowie das Aufzeigen von Wechselwirkungen zwischen ihnen. Die Ergebnisse sollen dazu dienen, die politischen Rahmenbedingungen in der europäischen Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft zu verbessern. Als Hauptinstrumente einer neuen EU-Agrarpolitik werden einheitliche Boden- und Arbeitssubventionen verbunden mit einem weiteren Abbau des Außenschutzes untersucht. Diese würden zu wesentlich geringeren Verzerrungen auf den Produktmärkten und zu deutlichen Budgeteinsparungen gegenüber der derzeitigen Situation führen. Eine einheitliche Bodensubvention mit einer weitergehenden Liberalisierung wird auch als Politikoption für die EU-Osterweiterung analysiert. Der Handel mit Agrar- und Ernährungsgütern innerhalb einer erweiterten EU würde sich in einigen Szenarien verdoppeln. Durch Handelsgewinne und Transferzahlungen aus dem EU-Budget käme es in den Beitrittsländern zu einem Wohlfahrtsgewinn in Höhe von etwa zwei Prozent des Bruttosozialprodukts. Die Bedeutung von ADI im Transformationsprozeß sollte nicht überschätzt werden. Die Modellrechnungen ergeben, daß der Zustrom von ADI seit 1992 zu einem zusätzlichen jährlichen Wachstum des Bruttosozialprodukts von unter einem Prozent in den mitteleuropäischen Ländern und in den Nachfolgestaaten der Sowjetunion geführt hat. Durch zusätzlichen Technologietransfer profitiert die Agrarwirtschaft nicht immer von ADI in der Nahrungsmittelverarbeitung. Grund hierfür sind zum Teil Einsparungen bei der Verwendung landwirtschaftlicher Rohprodukte. Schließlich zeigt die Analyse von ADI in der polnischen Zuckerindustrie, daß handelspolitische Eingriffe, wie z.B. Produktionsquoten, die lokalen Auswirkungen von ADI stark beeinflussen können. ADI sind nur dann deutlich wohlfahrtssteigernd, wenn sie auf relativ unverzerrten Märkten getätigt werden. Die verbesserte Wettbewerbssituation in der Zuckerindustrie würde zu teilweise deutlichen Gewinnen für die Zuckerrübenproduzenten führen.
This dissertation consists of four essays covering various aspects of integration and transition on European agricultural and food markets. Further reform of the European Union's (EU) Common Agricultural Policy, a prospective Eastern enlargement, and the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in food industries of the transition countries are analyzed using partial as well as general equilibrium modeling approaches. The overall objective of the study is to quantify these processes separately as well as to demonstrate various interactions between them. The results should be useful for improving the political and economic environment in the European agricultural and food sector. In the discussion about further reform of the Common Agricultural Policy, uniform payments on agricultural land and labor have been proposed in connection with further reductions of border protection. The analysis shows that these policy options would be much less distortionary on product markets and they would lead to significant reductions in budget expenditures compared to the present situation. Furthermore, a uniform payment on land together with further liberalization is also analyzed as a policy option for the EU Eastern enlargement. Trade in agricultural and food products in an enlarged EU would double in some scenarios. Gains from trade and transfer payments from the EU budget would add up to a welfare gain of about two percent of total gross domestic product in the new member countries. The impact of FDI in the transition process should not be over-estimated. The model calculations show that total FDI inflows since 1992 induced additional economic growth of less than one percent per year in the Central European countries and the former Soviet Union. Additional transfers of new technologies into the food industry do not necessarily improve the situation in primary agriculture. The reason is partly input saving technical change which reduces the demand for agricultural raw products. Finally, the analysis of FDI in the Polish sugar industry reveals that trade policy interventions, like production quotas, have a strong influence on the local impact of FDI. Foreign investment is welfare improving to the local economy only if it occurs on more or less undistorted markets. Improved competition in the sugar industry would lead to considerable gains for local sugar beet producers.

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Closa, Montero Carlos J. « The creation of the European political union : the reform of the Community during the 1991 IGC on political union ». Thesis, University of Hull, 1993. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16863.

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The 1991 IGC has reformed the European Community and the nature of the host of relations between its Member States. It has created the European Union through the Maastricht Treaty. The central hypothesis is that reform seems not to have resolved fully the deficiencies in form and substance of the Community's politico-legal foundation. The analysis proceeds through the comparison of three aspects: the reform of the constitutional foundation of the Community carried out by the IGC; the changes in the nature of the relations between Member States in these areas of competence that are inalienable from their sovereignty, and the introduction of the concept of citizenship of the Union in order to consolidate certain elements of citizenship that were present in the Communitys framework. The conclusion reached is that the 1991 IGC has produced an entity of which the elements carry inherent contradictions; this tense nature appears to demand further reform.

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Lotze, Hermann. « Integration and transition on European agricultural and food markets policy reform, European Union enlargement, and foreign direct investment ; four essays in applied partial and general equilibrium modeling / ». [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=956225276.

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Livres sur le sujet "Regulatory Reform – European Union"

1

Wubben, Emiel F. M., 1963-, Hulsink Willem et Belgian-Dutch Association for Institutional and Political Economy., dir. On creating competition and strategic restructuring : Regulatory reform in public utilities. Northampton, Mass : Edward Elgar Pub., 2003.

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2

Kang, Yu-dŏk. Kŭllobŏl kŭmyung wigi ihu EU kŭmyung kamdok mit kyuje pyŏnhwa : Financial supervisory and regulatory reform of the after global financial crisis. Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi : Taeoe Kyŏngje Chŏngch'aek Yŏn'guwŏn, 2012.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. et International Energy Agency, dir. Regulatory reform : European gas. Paris : OECD, 2000.

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Benedetto, Giacomo, et Simona Milio, dir. European Union Budget Reform. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137004987.

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Marrs, Tim, et Kevin Woodward, dir. Regulatory Toxicology in the European Union. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782622222.

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Mathieu, Emmanuelle. Regulatory Delegation in the European Union. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57835-8.

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European Union. Committee of the Regions. Institutional reform. Brussels : Committee of the Regions, 1995.

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Beus, J. W. de. Is regulatory convergence efficient ? Cambridge, MA : Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, 1992.

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9

Smejkalová, Terezie. Czech law in European regulatory context. Wien : Medien und Recht Verlag, 2009.

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O'Leary, Síofra. European Union citizenship : The options for reform. London : Institute for Public Policy Research, 1996.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Regulatory Reform – European Union"

1

Sum, Katarzyna. « Basel III : Assessment of the Guidelines for Regulatory Reform ». Dans Post-Crisis Banking Regulation in the European Union, 41–74. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41378-5_2.

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Radziszewska, Barbara. « European Union Regulatory Requirements ». Dans Clinical Trials in the Neurosciences, 66–70. Basel : KARGER, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000209477.

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Cebriá, Luis Hernando. « Introduction to the Law of Benefit Corporations and Other Public Purpose-Driven Companies ». Dans The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 301–17. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_14.

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AbstractIn recent years, the benefit corporation phenomenon has extended from many US jurisdictions to other countries. Benefit corporations are an expression of the principles of corporate social responsibility in company law through the creation of companies aiming at an enlightened value, for not only the shareholders but the stakeholders. However, different forms of corporations serve this purpose in the United States and in European and Latin American countries. Some are more proximate to non-profit entities, while others, more recently, to the North American model of the benefit corporation. This chapter reviews the current trends in company law that refer to these special legal forms, along with the regime of “public-interest entities” in the European Union and the institutional perspective maintained in some of its jurisdictions. To this end, this chapter analyzes the different legal forms of adaptation of the basic features of benefit corporations and other public purpose-driven companies to the regulatory environment in each jurisdiction.

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Nichols, Steven C., et Dennis Sandell. « The European Union Regulatory Scene ». Dans Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 611–24. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] | : CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429055201-27.

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Talley, Wayne K., Ann V. Schwarz-Miller et Michael Belzer. « Railroad Deregulation and Union Labor Earnings ». Dans Regulatory Reform and Labor Markets, 125–82. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4856-6_4.

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Benedetto, Giacomo. « Introduction : A History of the European Union Budget and the Possibilities for Reform ». Dans European Union Budget Reform, 1–20. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137004987_1.

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Hagemann, Sara. « Negotiations of the European Union Budget : How Decision Processes Constrain Policy Ambitions ». Dans European Union Budget Reform, 23–39. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137004987_2.

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Benedetto, Giacomo. « Budget Reform and the Lisbon Treaty ». Dans European Union Budget Reform, 40–58. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137004987_3.

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Kaiser, Robert, et Heiko Prange-Gstöhl. « European Growth Policies in Times of Change : Budget Reform, Economic Crisis and Policy Entrepreneurship ». Dans European Union Budget Reform, 59–78. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137004987_4.

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Blankart, Charles B., et Gerrit B. Koester. « The Lisbon Treaty, the Financial Crisis and Exit from Budget Gridlock ». Dans European Union Budget Reform, 79–99. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137004987_5.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Regulatory Reform – European Union"

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Mazur-Kumrić, Nives. « POST-COVID-19 RECOVERY AND RESILIENCEBUILDING IN THE OUTERMOST REGIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION : TOWARDS A NEW EUROPEAN STRATEGY ». Dans The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22443.

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The socio-economic environment of the outermost regions of the European Union was severely affected by the COVID-19 crisis. Due to their geographical and historical specificities, the outermost regions were significantly lagging behind the rest of the European Union in terms of economic indicators even in the pre-pandemic period. Expectedly, COVID-19-induced shocks additionally potentiated their development gap. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the multiple impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Réunion, Martinique, Mayotte, and Saint Martin (France), the Azores and Madeira (Portugal), and the Canary Islands (Spain), and the related legislative responses of the European Union aiming at eliminating adverse effects of the crisis and building more resilient societies. The factual assessment is carried out primarily through the prism of the European Commission’s 2021 Study on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Outermost Regions, which underlines the health, economic and social repercussions of the crisis as well as a recommended set of recovery and resilience-building measures in the outermost regions. The legal analysis focuses on the ongoing codification of the rules and measures regulating the governance of the outermost regions as integral parts of the European Union. Pursuant to Article 349 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), the European Union shall adopt specific measures for laying down the conditions for the development of the outermost regions, such as those in the area of fiscal policy, European Structural and Investment Funds, State-aid, agriculture and fisheries policies, and others. In that regard, the paper looks into the recently adopted regulations facilitating the use of EU funds and particular benefits (e.g. tax exemptions) in the outermost regions. Special emphasis is put on the currently tabled initiatives for an updated regulatory framework enabling the outermost regions to improve and strengthen their overall socio-economic position. That mainly refers to the forthcoming European strategy for the outermost regions, to be adopted in 2022. The respective strategy shall lay the foundations for a new strategic approach of the European Union to shaping a sustainable and resilient future for the outermost regions apt to face the challenges of the 21st century, notably those related to green, digital, and demographic transition.

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Grandemange, Jean-Marie. « The RCC-M Code 2007 Edition : Emphasis on New Technical and Regulatory Aspects ». Dans ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61363.

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In the context of the issuing of the European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) the objective of which is to suppress trade barriers within the European Union, a new regulation has been issued in France for nuclear pressure equipment. This text makes reference to the Decree transposing the PED, while completing these provisions by supplementary requirements having the objective to provide a very high level of integrity guarantee for equipments which are the most important for safety, and to cover the prevention of radioactive release risks. Referencing the PED, and including specific provisions, the Ministerial Order implies that Codes and specifications should be updated in the following two domains: • that of the conformity of Codes and Standards used, generally inspired from the ASME Code Section III, with the essential safety requirements of the PED, • that of the respect of the complementary provisions brought by the new Order applying to nuclear pressure equipments (ESPN). This paper presents the more significant conclusions of this work and the resulting amendments of the RCC-M Code, introduced by the 2007 edition to that Code. It also presents the main evolutions integrated in the 2007 edition of the RCC-M to cover projects needs and integrate the consequences of the evolutions of standards to which the code refers. As a general rule, the RCC-M makes the largest use of European and ISO standards in order to facilitate its application in various industrial and regulatory contexts.

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Briza, Ilze, et Anita Pipere. « Clinical Training in Nursing Study Programs in Latvia and Europe ». Dans 15th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2022.15.001.

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As a result of the Bologna Process, European countries have been operating common basic requirements for nursing education (NE) programmes for several years. In 2021, reforms have also taken place in Latvia to ensure the effective development of professionals within higher education, who would become autonomous medical staff with a bachelor (Bch) education. Despite the different approaches of each European Union (EU) Member State to implementation of NE programmes, the unifying element is a scope of clinical training, which under EU legislation is at least half of the total scope of study programme. According to the research, these essential requirements have had a positive impact on the development of NE across Europe. Latvian higher education institutions (HEIs) have taken over the positive experience of Europe and have aligned the scope of clinical training with the requirements of regulatory enactments. A HEI has the right to organise clinical training at its discretion, thereby creating an unequal scope of this training in certain parts of the study programme. Some HEIs implement this process as internships, while others integrate it into study courses, supplementing the theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquired in simulation rooms with the acquisition of competencies in the clinical environment (CE). However, despite the organizational differences, the unifying element of these programmes remains the total scope of studies in the CE. The NE programmes in Europe also differ in the use of the term for clinical training. Notwithstanding the designation of this peculiar study form, it is always implemented in a CE. The presented research aims to look at the essence of clinical studies and the usability of the corresponding terms in a framework of study process in a CE, as well as to analyse the differences in the scope of this study form in Bch programmes in nursing in Latvia and Europe. The document analysis method, examining 17 research papers for their compliance with international regulatory enactments, shows that clinical training, nothwithstanding different terminology, is a key component of NE in a high-quality CE. The comparison of Bch’s level nursing studies (NS) at Vilnius University (Lithuania), Riga Stradiņš University (Latvia), Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences (Germany), University of Barcelona (Spain), and Daugavpils University (Latvia) indicates that they generally comply with internationally recognized requirements for the acquisition of the nursing profession.

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Sodano, Valeria. « Nano-food regulatory issues in the European union ». Dans EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES : MICRO TO NANO (ETMN-2017) : Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies : Micro to Nano. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5047772.

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Soboń, Janusz. « Finance reform of the European Union 2014-2020 ». Dans The 6th International Scientific Conference "Business and Management 2010". Vilnius, Lithuania : Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Publishing House Technika, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2010.030.

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Garcia, John J., et Francesc Trillas. « Regulatory reform and corporate control in European energy industries ». Dans 2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2012.6254798.

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Palmieri, Alessandro, et Blerina Nazeraj. « OPEN BANKING AND COMPETITION : AN INTRICATE RELATIONSHIP ». Dans International Jean Monnet Module Conference of EU and Comparative Competition Law Issues "Competition Law (in Pandemic Times) : Challenges and Reforms. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18822.

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Open banking – promoted in the European Union by the access to account rule contained in the Directive (EU) 2015/2366 on payment services in the internal market (PSD2) – is supposed to enhance consumer’s welfare and to foster competition. However, many observers are fearful about the negative effects of the entry into the market of the so-called BigTech giants. Unless incumbent banks are able to rise above the technological challenges, the risk is that, in the long run, BigTech firms could dominate the market, by virtue of their great ability to collect data on consumer preferences, and to process them with sophisticated tools, such as Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning techniques; not to mention the possible benefits arising from the cross-subsidisation. This paper aims at analysing the controversial relationship between open banking and competition. In this framework, many aspects must be clarified, such as the definition of the relevant markets; the identification of the dominant entities; the relationship with the essential facility doctrine. The specific competition problems encountered in the financial sector need to be inscribed in the context of the more general debate around access to data in the digital sphere. The evolving scenario poses a serious challenge to regulators, calling them to strike the right balance between fostering innovation and preserving financial stability. The appraisal intends not only to cover EU law and policy, but also to make a comparison with other legal systems. In this respect, something noteworthy is taking place in the United States where, as of today, consumers’ access to financial data sharing has been largely dependent on private-sector efforts. Indeed, Section 1033 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (passed in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008) provides that, subject to rules prescribed by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (CFPB), a consumer financial services provider must make available to a consumer information, in its control or possession, concerning the consumer financial product or service that the consumer obtained from the provider. This provision, which dates back to 2010, has never been implemented. However, on 22 October 2020, the CFBP has announced its intention to regulate open banking, issuing an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking. In light of their investigation, the authors advocate the adaptation of the current strategies to the modified conditions and, in some instances, the creation of novel mechanisms, more suitable to face unprecedented threats.

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Kitsos, Panagiotis. « Cloud Computing as a Strategic Asset : European Union Regulatory Inititatives ». Dans 2021 6th South-East Europe Design Automation, Computer Engineering, Computer Networks and Social Media Conference (SEEDA-CECNSM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/seeda-cecnsm53056.2021.9566272.

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Vasilyev, M. Yu. « Key regulatory elements in Electric Power industry : Russia vs. European Union ». Dans 2009 6th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2009.5207167.

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Perez, Paula, Dirk Hertem, Johan Driesen et Ronnie Belmans. « Wind power in the European Union : grid connection and regulatory issues ». Dans 2006 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/psce.2006.296414.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Regulatory Reform – European Union"

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Saalman, Lora, Fei Su et Larisa Saveleva Dovgal. Cyber Posture Trends in China, Russia, the United States and the European Union. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/elwl8053.

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Current understanding of the cyber postures of China, Russia, the USA and the EU merits re-evaluation. It is often assumed that China and Russia are aligned, yet this is not always the case. Unlike Russia, which has an ongoing focus on information security, China’s official documents incorporate both information security and cybersecurity concerns that are similar to the USA and the EU. Moreover, while often paired, the USA and the EU have differing regulatory structures in cyberspace. Further, both actors increasingly mirror Russian and Chinese concerns about the impact of information warfare on domestic stability. By examining key trends in each actor’s cyber posture, this report identifies points of convergence and divergence. Its conclusions will inform a broader SIPRI project that maps cyber posture trajectories and explores trilateral cyber dynamics among China, Russia and the USA to assist the EU in navigating future cyber escalation and enhancing global cyber stability.

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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten et Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, juillet 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.

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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.

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Kira, Beatriz, Rutendo Tavengerwei et Valary Mumbo. Points à examiner à l'approche des négociations de Phase II de la ZLECAf : enjeux de la politique commerciale numérique dans quatre pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Digital Pathways at Oxford, mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/01.

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Realities such as the COVID-19 pandemic have expedited the move to online operations, highlighting the undeniable fact that the world is continuing to go digital. This emphasises the need for policymakers to regulate in a manner that allows them to harness digital trade benefits while also avoiding associated risk. However, given that digital trade remains unco-ordinated globally, with countries adopting different approaches to policy issues, national regulatory divergence on the matter continues, placing limits on the benefits that countries can obtain from digital trade. Given these disparities, ahead of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Phase II Negotiations, African countries have been considering the best way to harmonise regulations on issues related to digital trade. To do this effectively, AfCFTA members need to identify where divergencies exist in their domestic regulatory systems. This will allow AfCFTA members to determine where harmonisation is possible, as well as what is needed to achieve such harmonisation. This report analyses the domestic regulations and policies of four focus countries – South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya and Senegal – comparing their regulatory approaches to five policy issues: i) regulation of online transactions; ii) cross-border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection; iii) access to source code and technology transfer; iv) intermediary liability; and v) customs duties on electronic transmissions. The study highlights where divergencies exist in adopted approaches, indicating the need for the four countries – and AfCFTA members in general – to carefully consider the implications of the divergences, and determine where it is possible and beneficial to harmonise approaches. This was intended to encourage AfCFTA member states to take ownership of these issues and reflect on the reforms needed. As seen in Table 1 below, the study shows that the four countries diverge on most of the five policy issues. There are differences in how all four countries regulate online transactions – that is, e-signatures and online consumer protection. Nigeria was the only country out of the four to recognise all types of e-signatures as legally equivalent. Kenya and Senegal only recognise specific e-signatures, which are either issued or validated by a recognised institution, while South Africa adopts a mixed approach, where it recognises all e-signatures as legally valid, but provides higher evidentiary weight to certain types of e-signatures. Only South Africa and Senegal have specific regulations relating to online consumer protection, while Nigeria and Kenya do not have any clear rules. With regards to cross border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection, the study shows that all four focus countries have regulations that consist of elements borrowed from the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, this was regarding the need for the data subject's consent, and also the adequacy requirement. Interestingly, the study also shows that South Africa, Kenya and Nigeria also adopt data localisation measures, although at different levels of strictness. South Africa’s data localisation laws are mostly imposed on data that is considered critical – which is then required to be processed within South African borders – while Nigeria requires all data to be processed and stored locally, using local servers. Kenya imposes data localisation measures that are mostly linked to its priority for data privacy. Out of the four focus countries, Senegal is the only country that does not impose any data localisation laws. Although the study shows that all four countries share a position on customs duties on electronic transmissions, it is also interesting to note that none of the four countries currently have domestic regulations or policies on the subject. The report concludes by highlighting that, as the AfCFTA Phase II Negotiations aim to arrive at harmonisation and to improve intra-African trade and international trade, AfCFTA members should reflect on their national policies and domestic regulations to determine where harmonisation is needed, and whether AfCFTA is the right platform for achieving this efficiently.

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Лисоконь, Ілля Олександрович. Regulatory and Legal Basis of Ukraine’s Investment Policy in the Field of Higher Education. Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4269.

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Elaboration and implementation of investment programs for the development of modern universities, cooperation with the business sector, public investment aimed at modernization of the educational environment, implementation of grants, etc. can now be considered as structural components of investment activities of higher education institutions in the context of strategic planning. Therefore, the process of active reform of the educational sector of Ukraine and its integration into the European educational space require a review of approaches, methods and forms of management of education and educational institutions, in particular on investment policy.

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Crafts, Nicholas, Emma Duchini, Roland Rathelot, Giulia Vattuone, David Chambers, Andrew Oswald, Max Nathan et Carmen Villa Llera. Economic challenges and success in the post-COVID era : A CAGE Policy Report. Sous la direction de Mirko Draca. CAGE Research Centre, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-911675-01-3.

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In 2008 there was an expectation of major reform to social and economic structures following the financial crisis. The European Union (EU) referendum of 2016, and the UK’s subsequent exit from the EU in 2020, was also signalled as a turning point that would bring about epochal change. Now, in the waning of the coronavirus pandemic, we are experiencing a similar rhetoric. There is widespread agreement that the pandemic will usher in big changes for the economy and society, with the potential for major policy reform. But what will be the long-term impacts of the pandemic on the UK economy? Is the right response a “new settlement” or is some alternative approach likely to be more beneficial? This report puts forward a new perspective on the pandemic-related changes that could be ahead. The central theme is assessing the viability of epochal reform in policymaking. There seems to be a relentless desire for making big changes; however, there is arguably not enough recognition of how current settings and history can hold back these efforts. Foreword by: Dame Frances Cairncross, CBE, FRSE.

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Walker, Randy M. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS PLANS for Phase I the INTERNATIONAL PILOT FOR Global Radiological source SORTING, Tracking, AND MONITORING (GradSStraM) Using eMERGING RFID AND WEB 2.0 TECHNOLOGIES TO PROVIDE TOTAL ASSET AND INFORMATION VISUALIZATIONA United states- European Union Lighthouse Priority Project for fostering trade and reducing regulatory burden. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janvier 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993776.

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