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1
Gänzle, Stefan, Dominic Stead, Franziska Sielker et Tobias Chilla. « Macro-regional Strategies, Cohesion Policy and Regional Cooperation in the European Union : Towards a Research Agenda ». Political Studies Review 17, no 2 (13 juin 2018) : 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478929918781982.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since 2009, the European Union has developed strategies for the Baltic Sea, Danube, Adriatic-Ionian and Alpine macro-regions. These macro-regional strategies represent a new tool of European Union governance that seeks to combine the community’s territorial cooperation and cohesion policy repertoire with intergovernmental ‘regional cooperation’ involving European Union member and partner countries. By establishing comprehensive governance architectures for cross-sectoral and trans-boundary policy coordination in areas such as transport infrastructure and environmental protection, macro-regional strategies seek to mobilise European Union member and non-member states alike in promoting and harmonising territorial and trans-governmental cooperation. Both the macro-regional strategies and the macro-regions themselves have been met with increasing interest across several disciplines, including geography, regional planning, political science and public administration, triggering questions and debates on issues such as their impacts on existing practices of territorial cooperation and their relation to previously established forms of regional cooperation. Authored by scholars based in the above-mentioned fields of study, this contribution seeks to take stock of research on the subject to date, reflect on conceptual starting points and highlight new directions for future research in the political sciences.
2
KAPINOS, Natallia, Viktor GONCHAROV, Olena RYBINA et Nataliia PROKOPENKO. « EXPERIENCE OF LAND USE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AT THE LOCAL (MUNICIPAL) LEVEL IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ». AgroLife Scientific Journal 10, no 2 (31 décembre 2021) : 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17930/agl2021210.
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The article examines the development of theoretical and methodological approaches and practical recommendations for improving the ecological and economic foundations of land management and land management at the local level in the example of the European Union. In practice, regional, spatial, strategic, landscape, and integrated types of land use development planning are most often used in the European Union. With the development of the market economy of European society, environmental problems arose, which prompted the development of landscape planning, both landscape-ecological and socio-economic aspects of territorial development. The experience of landscape planning was introduced in Germany, which later became used in almost all European countries. The study and direct comparison of existing landscape planning systems in different European countries, and their reduction to several basic features are not possible and impractical because these systems are very different. This is due to a number of reasons: history, features of political systems, cultural traditions, level of economic development, the nature of legal systems and property relations. Landscape planning in the European Union is going to be one of the tensest areas of activity in the future, and Ukraine must take an active part in this process.
3
Maksin-Micic, Marija, Sasa Milijic et Marina Nenkovic-Riznic. « Spatial and environmental planning of sustainable regional development in Serbia ». Spatium, no 21 (2009) : 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0921039m.
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The paper analyses the planning framework for sustainable territorial and regional development. The spatial and environmental planning should play the key role in coordination and integration of different planning grounds in achieving the sustainable regional development. The paper discusses the spatial planning capacity to offer the integral view of the sustainable territorial development. The brief review of tendencies in new spatial planning and regional policy has been given. The focus is on the concept of balanced polycentric development of European Union. The guiding principles of spatial planning in regard of planning system reform in European countries have been pointed out. The changes in paradigm of regional policy, and the tasks of European regional spatial planning have been discussed. In Serbia problems occur in regard with the lack of coordinating sectoral planning with spatial and environmental planning. Partly the problem lies in the legal grounds, namely in non codification of laws and unregulated horizontal and vertical coordination at all levels of governance. The possibilities for the implementation of spatial planning principles and concepts of European Union sustainable territorial and regional development have been analyzed on the case of three regional spatial plans of eastern and southeastern regions in Serbia. The disadvantages in implementing the strategic environmental impact assessment as an instrument for coordination and integration of sectorial planning with spatial and environmental planning have been analyzed. The strategic environmental impact assessment has been implemented only in the spatial planning process. Through spatial planning process its feedback effect on sectorial planning has been indirectly achieved. The priority actions in Serbia for achieving the spatial and environmental planning role in coordination and integration of different planning grounds in sustainable regional development have been given.
4
Robu, Raluca Georgiana, Ana-Maria Holobiuc, Alina Petronela Alexoaei, Valentin Cojanu et Dumitru Miron. « Regional Patterns of Pesticide Consumption Determinants in the European Union ». Sustainability 15, no 3 (21 janvier 2023) : 2070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032070.
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This article contributes to the discussion about the socioeconomic factors that reinforce pesticide dependence in the European Union and hinder the transition to more sustainable agricultural practices in light of the European Union’s Green Deal objective of reducing the use of pesticides by 50% by 2030. The analysis has a two-pronged purpose: (1) to identify the determinants of pesticide consumption in the European Union by conducting a set of four seemingly unrelated regressions and (2) to emphasize the existence of regional patterns across EU countries formed by the factors that significantly impact pesticide consumption based on a cluster analysis. Per capita GDP, selling prices, population, and real income positively influence pesticide use, whereas subsidies and organic agricultural area negatively influence them. Pesticide use is most affected by GDP per capita and least affected by subsidies. Cluster analysis highlights regional differences reflected in three clusters: (1) the most recent EU member states, (2) the European countries with large population levels, and (3) the countries with the highest GDP per capita. Our findings may contribute to the EU’s capacity to generate policy changes at the member state level and can be built into recommendations to address the persistent overuse of pesticides.
5
Petrakos, George, Andrés Rodríguez-Pose et Antonis Rovolis. « Growth, Integration, and Regional Disparities in the European Union ». Environment and Planning A : Economy and Space 37, no 10 (octobre 2005) : 1837–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37348.
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In this paper we challenge the ability of the conventional methods initiated by Barro and Sala-i-Martin in the early 1990s to detect actual convergence or divergence trends across countries or regions and suggest an alternative dynamic framework of analysis, which allows for a better understanding of the forces in operation. With the use of a SURE model and time-series data for eight European Union (EU) member states, we test directly for the validity of two competing hypotheses: the neoclassical (NC) convergence hypothesis originating in the work of Solow and the cumulative causation hypothesis stemming from Myrdal's theories. We also account for changes in the external environment, such as the role of European integration on the level of regional disparities. Our findings indicate that both short-term divergence and long-term convergence processes coexist. Regional disparities are reported to follow a procyclical pattern, as dynamic and developed regions grow faster in periods of expansion and slower in periods of recession. At the same time, significant spread effects are also in operation, partly offsetting the cumulative impact of growth on space. Similar results are obtained from the estimation of an intra-EU model of disparities at the national level, indicating that the forces in operation are independent of the level of aggregation. Our findings challenge the view of economic growth as the main driver for a reduction of regional disparities and contribute to the growing scientific evidence that points towards the need to rethink current EU-wide regional development policies.
6
Hoffman, István. « Some Thoughts on the Administration of the Regional Development in the Member States of the EU – In the Light of the Role of the Municipal Bodies ». Central European Public Administration Review 16, no 1 (31 mai 2018) : 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/cepar.v16i1.355.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Municipalities are traditionally responsible for several regional planning and development tasks even if different systems have evolved in the Member States of the European Union. The administration of regional planning has been strongly influenced by the European integration. The allocation of the European Structural and Investment Funds was a major task of the recipients. The regional approach of the structural funds was a catalyst for the territorial reforms in several EU Member States. Although originally the regional reforms were based on the NPM-related reforms the changes were supported by the post-NPM paradigms (especially by the Good Governance paradigm) as well. In several countries the Crisis caused centralisation and the concentration of the structures. Thus three major models could be distinguished: centralised regional development systems, decentralised systems and federal systems. The characteristics of these systems are reviewed in the article focusing on their major differences and similarities.
7
Gil, Carlos, Pedro Pascual et Manuel Rapún. « Regional Allocation of Structural Funds in the European Union ». Environment and Planning C : Government and Policy 20, no 5 (octobre 2002) : 655–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c21m.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Economic disparities among the regions of the European Union are more pronounced than among countries. Structural Funds have played a crucial compensatory role, promoting the economic development and real convergence of lagging regions. The amount of resources destined to regional policy and the conflicts arising from its funding and distribution create the need for an adequate theoretical foundation or model to help politicians solve the distribution problem. In this paper we propose an empirical procedure to carry out and evaluate different distributions of funds for the periods 1989 – 93 and 1994 – 99. We begin with the estimation of an augmented production function to permit the calculation of the expected GDP per capita. We then propose a nonlinear programming method to simulate alternative distributions of Structural Funds among Objective 1 regions, based upon two different approaches: equal development, and equal opportunities. For these two approaches we calculate different possibilities, ranging from highly efficient to highly equitable, with the result that we are able to show the ‘frontier’ of optimal distributions. Finally, we evaluate these results and compare them with the real distribution.
8
Ferasso, Marcos, Lydia Bares, Daniel Ogachi et Miguel Blanco. « Economic and Sustainability Inequalities and Water Consumption of European Union Countries ». Water 13, no 19 (29 septembre 2021) : 2696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192696.
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Water scarcity is becoming a global concern for many reasons as its consumption increases. This research aimed to analyze sustainability inequalities in the water consumption of EU countries. Descriptive statistics using data for four AQUASTAT periods (2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017), and quotients for the AQUASTAT 2017 period, were calculated using a proposed econometric model. The main results were that countries with high GPD and population showed high water stress and total water withdrawal. Countries with lower industry-value-added-to-GDP quotients were among those with higher industrial water use efficiency, while low water-services-use-efficiency quotients were associated with high services value added to GDP. Suggestions for policymakers are provided and formula application guidelines for regional-level comparisons are described.
9
Espasa, Marta. « The Territorial Redistributive Power of the EU Budget : Empirical Evidence at National and Regional Levels ». Environment and Planning C : Government and Policy 19, no 5 (octobre 2001) : 771–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0038.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The author's purpose is to estimate the redistributive power of the European Union budget among the European countries and regions. The analysis is focused on the main items of revenue, expenditure, and net fiscal balance. First, the income elasticity of the European Union revenues, expenditures, and fiscal balance are estimated in order to examine the degree to which these instruments are progressive. Second, the impact of these instruments in the regional and national income is analysed with the objective of evaluating the capacity to reduce differences in per capita income levels.
10
Amjad, Faiza, et Naheed Zia Khan. « External Determinants of Growth and Growth Projections : SAARC and Pakistan ». Pakistan Development Review 43, no 4II (1 décembre 2004) : 737–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v43i4iipp.737-755.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The world is increasingly being divided into regions. The regional trading blocs are becoming more and more deepened and widened around the globe. The European Union (EU) has already reached a stage approximating to the trading relations usually found within a country rather than between the countries. The existence of regional economic groups, particularly in European and American continents, pose a range of theoretical, empirical and organisational questions for developing countries like Pakistan who depend on the countries of these regions for a significantly high share of their international trade. This paper focuses on the prospects of extended economic cooperation of Pakistan with the member countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).1 The argument is structured around three parts. Part I reviews the theoretical rationale of regional economic cooperation and the recent developments shaping the trading relations within the cooperating blocs. Part II critically evaluates the relative size and significance of the external sector of the SAARC region countries, along with presenting statistical estimates of the major external determinants of the region’s economic growth. Finally, Part III estimates the relationship of major directions of Pakistan’s exports with the economic growth of the country and presents the growth projections by increasing and diverting the exports to the SAARC and ASEAN region countries.
11
Płaziak, Monika, et Piotr Trzepacz. « Spatial Distribution of EU Structural Funds in Poland in 2004-2006 - Factors, Directions, and Limitations ». Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 9, no 9 (1 janvier 2008) : 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-008-0003-9.
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Spatial Distribution of EU Structural Funds in Poland in 2004-2006 - Factors, Directions, and Limitations In 2004, Poland joined the European Union. This access means the possibility of taking advantage of European Union Structural Funds. Apart from this the structural funds play another important role. The popularity of the idea of European integration in countries like Poland depends largely on the effectiveness of this financial support, which theoretically should lead to economic and social development on different levels (local, regional, national, and even continental). The main problem of relying on EU funds is their unequal availability, which is limited, for example, because of the granting principles.
12
O’Brochta, William. « International tourism’s impact on regional autonomy ». Tourism Economics 23, no 8 (19 juin 2017) : 1632–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816617716247.
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The relationship between increased tourism and increasing regional autonomy is quite nuanced and understudied. This article hypothesizes that only an increase in both regional air traffic and international tourism will impact the level of regional autonomy. Using the period after 10 countries were admitted to the European Union in 2004 as an example of a dramatic tourism increase, the article finds that countries with increased tourism, but without regional airports, did not experience a sudden increase in their regional autonomy. In Poland, however, the large number of growing regional airports and increased tourism did provoke regions to argue with the central government for more regional autonomy. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how international interventions impact regional decentralization preferences.
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Freier, Luisa Feline, et Jean-Pierre Gauci. « Refugee Rights Across Regions : A Comparative Overview of Legislative Good Practices in Latin America and the EU ». Refugee Survey Quarterly 39, no 3 (1 septembre 2020) : 321–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdaa011.
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Abstract The office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has identified a number of legislative good practices in Latin American asylum and refugee laws. At the same time, academics and policy-makers have long called for cross-regional comparative analyses of policies and laws to allow different regions to learn from each other’s best practices. In this article, we compare refugee legislations of Latin American countries with European Union protection standards based on UNHCR’s legislative good practices across three areas: (i) Core Principles and Scope of Protection; (ii) Procedural Safeguards and Guarantees for Vulnerable Groups; and (iii) Integration. We find that six of 19 refugee laws in Latin America provide more expansive protection than the Common European Asylum System framework, whereas other Latin American countries fall behind. The gap between Latin American legislations and European Union protection standards is closer regarding procedural safeguards, the protection of vulnerable groups, and integration provisions. Finally, Latin American countries, on average, score significantly below the European Union regarding the core principles of asylum and the scope of protection. In the second part of the article, we engage in a qualitative discussion of these legislative good practices to allow for cross-fertilization, and deliver policy recommendations.
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Cefalo, Ruggero, Rosario Scandurra et Yuri Kazepov. « Youth Labor Market Integration in European Regions ». Sustainability 12, no 9 (7 mai 2020) : 3813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093813.
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Countries’ institutional configurations and structural characteristics play an important role in shaping transitions from school to work. Recent empirical evidence shows significant regional and territorial differences in youth unemployment and labor market participation. Along this research strand, we argue in favor of a place-sensitive approach to youth labor market integration in order to address the regional disparities of young people’s opportunities. In order to investigate the synergic effect of different contextual configurations, we construct a composite measure, namely, the youth labor market integration (YLMI) index. This considers a wide range of indicators of the access, exclusion, and duration of the transition into employment at the regional level. The YLMI index allows cross-regional and longitudinal comparisons of the European Union (EU) local labor markets and youth employment opportunities.
15
Vasilescu, Laura Giurca. « Agricultural Development in European Union : Drivers, Challenges and Perspectives ». Pakistan Development Review 47, no 4II (1 décembre 2008) : 565–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v47i4iipp.565-580.
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Globalisation of world trade, consumer-led quality requirements and EU enlargement are the new realities and challenges facing European agriculture today. The changes will affect not only agricultural markets, but also local economies in rural areas. The future of the agricultural sector is closely linked to a balanced development of rural areas. The Community dimension in this relationship is therefore clear: agricultural and rural policy have an important role to play in the cohesion of EU territorial, economic and social policy. With over 56 percent of the population in the 27 Member States of the European Union (EU) living in rural areas, which cover 91 percent of the territory, rural development is a vitally important policy area. Farming and forestry remain crucial for land use and the management of natural resources in the EU’s rural areas, and as a platform for economic diversification in rural communities. The strengthening of EU rural development policy is, therefore, an overall EU priority. The European Union has an active rural development policy because this helps to achieve valuable goals for the country sides and for the people who live and work there. The policy is funded partly from the central EU budget and partly from individual Member States' national or regional budgets. Theoretically, individual EU Member States could decide and operate completely independent rural development policies. However, this approach would work poorly in practice. Not all countries in the EU would be able to afford the policy which they needed and many of the issues addressed through rural development policy do not divide up neatly at national or regional boundaries. Also, rural development policy has links to a number of other policies set at EU level. Therefore, the EU has a common rural development policy, which nonetheless places considerable control in the hands of individual Member States and regions. The EU’s rural development policy is all about meeting the challenges faced by our rural areas, and unlocking their potential.
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Maslov, Yurii. « THE EU STRATEGY FOR THE DANUBE REGION AS AN INCLUSIVE FORM OF CROSS-BORDER ECONOMY ». Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no 5 (11 février 2019) : 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-5-200-208.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article considers the process of creation and features of activities of various types of transborder formations peculiar for the European Union. Today the cooperation within Euroregions becomes more and more widespread practice both in the EU and among the regions of countries-participants of the Union and those ones neighbouring to the EU, including Ukraine. The problem of modernization of the EU regional policy in the context of the intensification of globalization processes is touched upon. The influence of global factors and changes in the EU regional policy on the transformation of Ukrainian regional policy is determined. In the context of the development of the regional policy of Ukraine, problems of economic development and well-being of citizens in Ukrainian regions are identified; development directions for the cooperation of Ukraine and the EU in this area are established. The purpose of the article is to consider issues of cross-border economy, cross-border region, classify them, define features of Euroregion and, based on the analysis conducted, consider imperatives and problems related to the development and introduction of the Danube Strategy and identify the place and opportunities of Ukraine in this association. The macro-regional approach to solving the tasks of the integration policy of the European Union chosen by the European Union Committee allows uniting the territories according to the principle of their mutual supplementation, reducing the barriers of national borders and creating new opportunities for cross-border regions. The Danube Strategy, despite the common principles and methodologies for the formation of Euroregions, has obvious features. Firstly, the region is characterized by deep imbalances both between countries and within countries themselves. Secondly, the Strategy is an example of a multidisciplinary approach to territorial planning in the region and has a pronounced ecological character, and environmental problems are solved in the search for a compromise with the tasks of socio-economic development. Thirdly, being the internal strategy of the European Union, however, has a significant external dimension, the incorporation of which can be quite a challenge. There are four main directions for the regional development in the Danube Strategy (so-called “pillars”: association, ecology, well-being, strengthening). For each direction, priority areas are designated that are supervised by the coordinating countries. Conceptually, the EUSDR is a continuation of the Europe-2020 strategic document of the EU and proclaims the achievement of the region of “smart, sustainable and inclusive development” as its main objectives. At the same time, a kind of paradox is that the Danube strategy aimed at levelling social, economic, institutional gaps in the region generates them by the very principles of its existence. It is hard to imagine that unequal countries, getting too different funding, will be able to equalize their capabilities at the finish. The strategy will help realize the EU’s obvious desire to transform the Danube into an internal transport artery with a highly developed infrastructure and improved cargo traffic, which will allow connecting the North Sea with the Black and Azov seas, placing the transportation of resources of Caspian region and Asia under control of European structures. The creation and activity of cross-border regions make a significant contribution both to the strengthening of political and economic integration within the EU and to the development of cooperation between the member countries of the Union and neighbouring states.
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Uryupina, Alisa Eduardovna. « Problems of Implementing the EU's Inter-regional Policy in the Asian Direction ». Мировая политика, no 4 (avril 2022) : 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8671.2022.4.38967.
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Interregionalism occupies an important place in the foreign policy of the European Union, because through it the EU seeks to expand its presence in various regions of the world and export its norms, views and values. The promising, rapidly developing Asian region is no exception. This article is devoted to the study of the process of building an inter–regional policy by the European Union in the Asian direction, namely with the largest regional association in the region - the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The purpose of this study is to identify the main factors hindering the building of effective cooperation between the regions, as well as the creation of a free trade zone (FTA). The main conclusion of this study is that there are a number of obstacles to the creation of the EU-ASEAN intercontinental free trade area, which significantly affect the relations between regional groupings. Firstly, it is the practice of concluding bilateral agreements, used as a springboard for the future FTA. Bilateral agreements have already been successfully signed with individual countries, namely Singapore and Vietnam, but contradictions of both an economic and political nature arise with other ASEAN member countries. Secondly, the existing competition with China and the United States for influence in the region hinders the EU's attempts to pursue its inter-regional policy.
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Maruniak, Eu O., V. Y. Lazhnik et S. О. Puhach. « SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF COMMODITY TRADE BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE EU ». Ukrainian geographical journal 2023, no 2 (13 juillet 2023) : 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ugz2023.02.013.
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At the current stage of the socio-economic development of Ukraine in the conditions of Russian aggression, the topical issue is the expansion of foreign economic relations with EU member countries. The purpose of the study is a spatial analysis of the features of regional differentiation of Ukraine’s commodity trade with the countries of the European Union in the context of expanding trade and economic relations after signing the Agreement on a free trade zone with the EU and granting Ukraine the status of a candidate for EU membership. Such research methods as structural and spatial analysis, statistical and correlation analysis, and typological analysis were used. The dynamics of commodity trade between Ukraine and the EU in 2001–2021 are analyzed and the main trends in interstate trade in goods were identified. It has been revealed that the general trend of bilateral trade relations with the countries of the European Union in the 21st century is generally similar to the trend of the turnover of foreign commodity trade between Ukraine and all countries of the world. It has been established that the spatial differentiation of Ukraine’s commodity trade with the EU clearly shows great variability and asymmetry of export and import indicators. The dependence between the level of economic development of Ukraine’s regions and the commodity trade volume with EU countries is traced. A characteristic feature is the spatial heterogeneity of the distribution of commodity trade in Ukraine’s regions according to the predominant directions of foreign commodity trade relations. The western regions of Ukraine have the highest level of connectivity of commodity trade with the countries of the European Union, which is explained by better transport accessibility to EU markets and the development of cross-border cooperation. According to the main directions of trade flows and on the basis of a comparison of the connectivity and balance coefficients of commodity trade with EU countries, six types of Ukraine’s regions are identified. The novelty of the research is the identification of the features of regional differentiation and significant asymmetry in the commodity trade of Ukraine’s regions with the countries of the European Union based on the criterion of connectivity and symmetry of trade flows using spatial analysis.
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Fu, Tianbo, Changxin Xu et Xinyi Huang. « Analysis of Virtual Water Trade Flow and Driving Factors in the European Union ». Water 13, no 13 (26 juin 2021) : 1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131771.
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The inefficient application of water resources has become an urgent problem restricting the world’s sustainable development. Virtual Water Trade opens a new perspective on improving water resource utilization efficiency. Based on a multi-regional input–output model and the logarithmic mean Divisia index, the virtual water flows between 2000–2014 in 43 countries and regions have been evaluated, and the driving forces of changes in virtual water flows for the European Union were revealed. During the study period, the total amount of virtual water flow continued to increase. The United Kingdom is a net virtual water importer that depends on the European Union significantly. There was a large amount of virtual water flow from the European Union to the United States during 2000–2012. However, China gradually seized the share of virtual water from European Union exports after 2012. Economic effects and virtual water intensity effects are the most significant drivers of virtual water flows. The difference is that the economic effect positively drives virtual water flows, while the virtual water intensity effect negatively influences. The results reveal the nature of the United Kingdom in the virtual water trade and can provide post-Brexit recommendations.
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Palmowski, Tadeusz. « The European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region and accomplishments ». Baltic Region 13, no 1 (2021) : 138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2021-1-8.
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The sea and inland hinterland of Baltic Europe form a unique macro-regional unit. Strong collaboration links, and competition in the Baltic Sea region, are an inherent feature of the region from the beginning of its civilization development. Since 2004, the Baltic Sea has become an internal sea of the European Union. This fact no doubt strengthened the cooperation of the countries in the region. In many spheres, these ties take the form of networking. The EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region is an important stimulus for further integrations. The objective of the article is to identify changing trends and the structural transformation in the Baltic integration process instigated by the implementation of this strategy. The document contains common goals, which strengthen cooperation and draw on the Baltic Sea potential. Three main pillars are outlined in the Strategy: marine protection, better interconnection of the region and growing prosperity. The essence of cooperation involves joint development plans on various levels: governmental, regional and local with the participation of research institutions, regional cooperation infrastructure, operational programmes, as well as the private sector. Political stabilisation and economic development may transform, in a longer time span, the emerging transnational Baltic Europe into a new economic and cultural European centre. The choice of research methodology applied in the study derives from the nature of collected data, i.e. literature regarding scientific accomplishments in the Baltic cooperation, analysis of working documents and reports drawn up by public institutions, the European Commission, and EU national and regional strategic documents.
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Kučas, Andrius, Boyan Kavalov et Carlo Lavalle. « Living Cost Gap in the European Union Member States ». Sustainability 12, no 21 (28 octobre 2020) : 8955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218955.
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The living cost gap refers to the differential amongst income, expenditures, and poverty lines. It is important since it addresses a number of aspects that point towards historic and continued living standards. The purpose of this study is to identify, measure, and compare the living cost gap in the Europe Union member states. Twenty-nine indicators/criteria from Eurostat and World Bank, covering the period 2008–2017, are employed. In order to rank and compare living cost gap by countries, objective functions for each criterion are defined and applied. The importance of each criterion is assessed independently. The composite living cost gap indicator for each MS is calculated using multiple criteria decision support methods. The relationship between the compound annual growth rates of this indicator and each single criterion is estimated and evaluated. The findings of the study suggest that living cost gap is higher where unemployment rates and households’ expenditure on basic needs (housing, food etc.), are larger, while living cost gap is lower where households’ income and expenditure on optional needs are higher. The living cost gap in the majority of countries tends to narrow/decrease, along with the increase in the household income and expenditures. Our research highlights the need to mitigate unemployment and households’ low net income in order to alleviate living cost gap. The analysis and assessment of living cost gap might help identifying the most vulnerable social profiles and groups, and hence might contribute to the adequate formulation and implementation of targeted policy responses and interventions at European Union, national, and regional level.
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Bhattacharyay, Biswa N., et Prabir De. « Promotion of Trade and Investment between People’s Republic of China and India : Toward a Regional Perspective ». Asian Development Review 22, no 01 (janvier 2005) : 45–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110505500034.
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Open regionalism and integration between the world’s two largest developing countries, People’s Republic of China (PRC) and India, in trade, investment and infrastructure can foster outward-oriented development, and economic and social benefits that could result in poverty reduction. In view of the increasing trend of regional integration, particularly the expanded European Union and North American integration, the opportunity costs of not moving toward greater economic integration between neighboring countries the PRC and India, which have much in common, could be increasing. This paper discusses the possible areas of PRC−India economic cooperation and economic integration between the northeastern region of India and southwestern provinces of the PRC.
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Magaš, Damir. « Kraj hegemonije i dominacije u Jugoistočnoj Europi ». Geoadria 9, no 2 (11 janvier 2017) : 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.135.
Texte intégralRésumé :
At the end of the 20th century the SE European region was surviving one of the most difficult periods of changing hegemony and dominance circumstances. The disintegration of the communist world and the collapse of former Yugoslavia, as part of the process, could be considered as the result of the new relations among big powers’ hegemonic systems. The NATO spreads to the European east (Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland etc.), which has direct influence on SE Europe. After new countries (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia) had been internationally recognised in 1992, and the loyal Slovenian and Croatian partnership with NATO in the Kosovo action in 1999 was proved, it is obvious that regional hegemony of the Serbia core region does not exist any more. Also Russian (former Soviet) attempts to play the role of the dominant leader in this region have been suppressed to a minimum. The author discusses European Union interests in this zone, and the way European countries include themselves in the process of pacifying and developing the region. After Slovenia joined the European Union in 2004, Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia are expected to satisfy the conditions for entering EU in next 3 to five years. In the same time Serbia and Montenegro enters a new, more democratic phase of its development.
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Slätmo, Elin, Kjell Nilsson et Eeva Turunen. « Implementing Green Infrastructure in Spatial Planning in Europe ». Land 8, no 4 (13 avril 2019) : 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8040062.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Interest in green infrastructure (GI) has grown in research, policy and planning in recent decades. The central idea behind GI is the understanding of the physical non-built-up environment as an infrastructure capable of delivering a wide variety of benefits to society, including the ability to preserve biodiversity; to provide food, feed, fuel and fibre; to adapt to and mitigate climate change and to contribute to enhanced human health and quality of life. The European Union (EU) has had a GI strategy since 2013, and member states are involved in several strategic and applied GI initiatives and projects. The aim of this study is to explore if and how the European strategy has been implemented. The study adds to the body of knowledge of current GI policies and measures in Europe via an online survey and insights into previous research. The survey reveals that GI is integrated into one or more policy sectors in all 32 countries covered. In 11 of the 32 countries, GI-specific policies are already in place or are being drawn up at a national level. In general, the respondents see the responsibility for GI policy and strategy as a matter of national governments and the implementation as a matter of local governments. They also see the LIFE+ and Horizon 2020 project funds, the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD), as the most important EU funding sources for the implementation of the GI strategy. The study also identifies availability of georeferenced information, zoning and biotope area factor as three of the spatial planning tools used to implement GI.
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Samoilenko, Alla. « Features of the European Union countries digitalization in the conditions of globalization ». Herald of Economics, no 1(99) (1 février 2021) : 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2021.01.046.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introduction. Developed countries began to digitize their national economies resulting in transformation of human capital with digital and information technologies by making new demands on education. Transformational changes in the conditions of the world society development in the context of globalization put forward the need to reform the system of training, retraining and advanced training, as well as to promote the development of human capital creative abilities in accordance with the needs of the digital economy.The purpose of the study is to provide a scientific bases for the definition of the «digital economy» concept and to distinguish its key components, to outline the digitalization features and identify «digital gaps» in the EU countries using the Index of Digital Economy and Society (DESI).Methods. According to the purpose of the study, modern scientific methods of cognition were used, in particular: general scientific research methods (logical analysis, theoretical grounding, ascent from abstract to concrete, formalization and generalization), as well as the method of statistical observation.Results. The article presents the author’s views on the interpretation of the “digital economy” concept which allowed detailing the individual properties and structural elements of the digital economy. Based on the research by the Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD), three main components of the digital economy are presented. The infrastructure of the digital economy is identified with market and planning approaches. Using the DESI Index on the example of EU countries, an analysis of five key components was performed, including communications, human capital, the Internet use, integration of digital technologies and digital public services. The current state of digital economy in the EU countries was also presented. The author emphasizes the importance of governments role and their prudent policy to motivate the population to use digital and information technologies, to increase awareness in this area and the overall level of country digitalization.Discussion. The success of the country in the digital economy development will further depend on the national digital and information capabilities, the development of internal infrastructure, the readiness of society for transformational changes, dictated by globalization. The necessary legal framework of the digital economy, balanced state strategies for IT development, formation of the potential for professional skills development and basic ICT literacy, as well as professional career in the information field will result in positive changes in national economies under context of digitalization.Perspectives. Prospects for further research include the need for statistical analysis of the digital economy key components in the regional context of the world countries, actions ranking and sequencing in the theoretical and methodological support of measures to enhance the use of digital and information products by countries.
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Kokocińska, Katarzyna Elżbieta. « Legal Instruments in the Development of Electromobility in the European Union, with Particular Focus on Planning Acts ». Review of European and Comparative Law 44, no 1 (19 février 2021) : 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.10650.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper discusses and characterizes actions undertaken for the development of electromobility as part of the incentive policy pursued by the state. In most European countries, development of the electric vehicle market is largely contingent on electromobility policies, but the measures adopted with a view to supporting it do not always yield the expected results. Effectiveness of supporting actions depends on the cooperation of entities which are responsible for development and social-economic cohesion. The situation requires a multi-level approach to the implementation of electromobility development policy, consolidation of actions of various stakeholder groups, and one common direction in the national development of the electric vehicle market. Development planning acts are the very instruments which serve to enhance the efficacy of efforts undertaken jointly by public administration bodies and foster partnership-based relations between state, regional, and local authorities and their social and economic partners.
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PASIEKA, Stanislava R., Iryna V. KOLOKOLCHYKOVA, Olga H. MOROZOVA, Alla V. KRUSHYNSKA, Tetiana L. KRASNODIED et Tetiana V. POPOVA. « THE POTENTIAL OF TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL CLUSTERS IN EUROPEAN SPACE ». GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 39, no 4 supplement (31 décembre 2021) : 1488–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.394spl20-793.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Assessment of the potential of tourist and recreational clusters and objects of tourist activity remains relevant and still underdeveloped direction in tourism. The article aims to consider the peculiarities of the formation of the regional protentional of tourist and recreational clusters of the member state of the European Union. The methodological paradigm of the formation of potential of tourist and recreational clusters and a technique of its estimation based on systematics of tools and components, which essentially expand a network of the tourist and recreational industry, are substantiated. Methods of hierarchical classification were used. Results and interpretation of the study consists of the components of the competitiveness index for determining the regional level of potential of tourist and recreation clusters in countries in the areas of travel and tourism are presented. Indicators of competitiveness of the regional potential of tourist and recreational clusters are determined. The indicator of the integrated level of efficiency of the formation of regional protentional of tourist and recreational clusters offered. The number of tourists and recreational clusters on the EU member states has been determined. The share of regional potential of tourism and recreation clusters in terms of their total contribution to national income is calculated, as well as the average growth of national income from the projected value of regional potential of tourists and recreation clusters in EU member states.
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Moreno, Rosina, Raffaele Paci et Stefano Usai. « Spatial Spillovers and Innovation Activity in European Regions ». Environment and Planning A : Economy and Space 37, no 10 (octobre 2005) : 1793–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37341.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper explores the spatial distribution of innovative activity and the role of technological spillovers in the process of knowledge creation and diffusion across 175 regions of seventeen countries in Europe (the fifteen members of the pre-2004 European Union plus Switzerland and Norway). The analysis is based on a databank set up by CRENoS on regional patenting at the European Patent Office, spanning 1978–2001 and classified by ISIC sectors. The first step is an exploratory spatial data analysis of the dissemination of innovative activity in Europe. The goal of the rest of the paper is to analyse to what extent externalities that cross regional boundaries can explain the spatial association process detected in the distribution of innovative activity in the European regions. The framework given by the knowledge-production function together with the use of spatial econometrics techniques allow us to look for insights on the mechanics of knowledge interdependences across regions, which are shown to exist. Empirical results point to the relevance of internal regional factors (R&D expenditure and agglomeration economies). Moreover, the production of knowledge appears also to be affected by spatial spillovers due to innovative activity (both patenting and R&D) performed in other regions. Additional results show that spillovers are mostly constrained by national borders within less than 250 km, and that technological similarity between regions also matters.
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Manzetti, Luigi. « The Political Economy of MERCOSUR ». Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 35, no 4 (1994) : 101–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165956.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Recent literature on regional integration has stressed the key role that emerging trading blocs will have in shaping the world economy of the 21st-century. With the end of the Cold War, policymakers have refocused their attention on economic issues. Economic trends — such as rapid changes in research, technology, capital flow, and trade patterns — have assumed a new importance. Increasing competition in world markets has induced industrialized countries to cluster together in regional economic blocs. This has been the case with the European Community (EC), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) signatories (the United States, Canada, and Mexico), and possibly Japan and its East Asian neighbors. However, these experiments in regional integration differ appreciably in nature. For instance, the EC explicitly seeks an economic and political union, whereas the NAFTA is simply a free trade area whose goal is the eventual elimination of restrictions on investment flows.
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Storonyanska, Iryna, Olena Ivashko et Elena Mieszajkina. « Trust as a Catalyst of Economic Growth : A National and Regional Breakdown ». Sustainability 14, no 22 (16 novembre 2022) : 15168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215168.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Given the fact that Ukraine declares a European path of development and considers itself a potential member of the European Union, the study mainly examines the relationship between trust and economic growth in Ukraine and other countries of the world, including post-Soviet countries. The hypothesis that general trust has a positive effect on economic growth in general is tested, and a comparative assessment of the level and factors of trust across the regions of Ukraine has been carried out. The results show an historical tradition of mistrust of the state and its institutions particular to Ukraine as the country where the state has been perceived as foreign by most of the population for over 70 years; exceptional weakness and corruption of state administration, even by the standard of third-world countries; availability of influential and consistent stereotypes, partially universal and partly specific to post-communist countries. It causes polarization in society and within certain social groups and governmental institutions. Ukrainian society is characterized by the waste of symbolic capital of confidence in authorities. Meanwhile, there is some symmetry between mistrust of the system and trust in entities created by people to meet their spiritual, social, psychological, and other needs.
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Haniifah, Mazaya Dhiya, et Tamaulina Br Sembiring. « An Assessing Existence of Legal Infrastructure That Supports the Development of Green Investment Indonesia ». International Journal of Research and Review 10, no 9 (2 octobre 2023) : 606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230965.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this paper, we describe green infrastructure as no longer a foreign concept in spatial and regional planning. The concept has become an integral part of the increasing demand for land for urban development, and the need for green open space to balance the development. This has led many countries to start implementing green infrastructure as part of the urban development "trend". The various applications are summarized in this book, with a focus on the United States, the United Kingdom, case studies of several countries in the European Union, and Singapore. The book also includes a chronological sequence of laws and regulations that support the implementation of green infrastructure in these countries, so as to illustrate how the implementation of green infrastructure requires a process to realize a strong legislative basis. Keywords: Legal Infrastructure, Green Investment, Economic Development
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Cheshmehzangi, Ali, Maycon Sedrez, Junhang Ren, Dezhou Kong, Yifan Shen, Sinan Bao, Junhao Xu, Zhaohui Su et Ayotunde Dawodu. « The Effect of Mobility on the Spread of COVID-19 in Light of Regional Differences in the European Union ». Sustainability 13, no 10 (12 mai 2021) : 5395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105395.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly all over the world, affecting many countries to varying degrees. In this study, an in-depth analysis of the factors influencing the spread of COVID-19 is offered mainly through big data in the European Union (EU) context. In doing so, the data of the first wave of the pandemic are assessed. Afterward, we evaluate the impacts of the COVID-19 spread in specific countries and regions. Based on the existing literature, mobility is recognized as a significant direct factor affecting disease transmission. The same applies to the case of COVID-19. However, compared with the analysis of mobility itself, this paper explores more profound reasons that affect mobility, ranging from policy and economy to geographical and transportation factors. Specifically, this paper studies nine EU countries based on their population density and the degree of impact of the epidemic in the first six months (February to July 2020) of the pandemic. Our study aims to illustrate how policies, economies, and geographical locations (including transportation factors) directly or indirectly affect the spread of the novel coronavirus by applying the SEIR model to analyze all selected countries’ big data. The key findings of this research are: (1) the timeliness of relevant policies and the effectiveness of government implementation indirectly limit the spread of the epidemic by reducing population mobility; (2) a better medical level would contribute to detect, isolate, and treat patients, and help control the epidemic; and (3) the large land borders and developed transportation between countries exacerbate the spread of the COVID-19. The paper contributes to ongoing research on COVID-19 by addressing the above points.
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Rudenko Olha, Rudenko Olha, Zhytar Maksym Zhytar Maksym et Kodis Yevheniy Kodis Yevheniy. « EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP PROJECT IN UKRAINE ». Socio World-Social Research & ; Behavioral Sciences 03, no 01 (14 janvier 2021) : 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/swd03012021139.
Texte intégralRésumé :
It was found that today Ukraine is not ready to introduce a decentralized system due to shortcomings in budget planning and non-transparency of public financial management. In case of its introduction in the management system of EU funds of Ukraine, it is advisable to develop a preparatory stage for a decentralized management system of EU assistance resources, which will ensure an independent audit of Ukraine's external assistance management system. Based on the results of the audit, it is necessary to determine the responsible state institution that will carry out the overall coordination of the decentralized system in the subsequent stages of its implementation. An urgent challenge for modern Ukraine is the ability to develop a national research and innovation strategy in line with the best EU models. To date, Ukraine lacks a comprehensive systemic vision for the development of science, technology and innovation, and dialogue with civil society and the expert community is somewhat of a formality. The plans and proposals submitted by the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture need to be properly coordinated. After all, such inconsistency of actions of government structures is also reflected in the quality and effectiveness of the legislation of Ukraine, increases the time of adoption of laws in the Verkhovna Rada. In this regard, cooperation between the three committees in particular needs to be significantly improved, namely: the Committee on Education and Science, the Committee on Informatization and Communications and the Committee on Industrial Policy and Entrepreneurship. Promoting cooperation and integration with the European Union will allow the citizens of the respective partner countries to adapt European values faster, increase people's awareness of the experience and prospects of EU countries, and significantly strengthen their self-identification as Europeans. The importance of the role of the Eastern Partnership in security issues for both the EU and the countries participating in the Eastern Partnership should be emphasized. Keywords: European Union, European integration, Eastern Partnership, regional cooperation, Association Agreement, public administration.
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Grinberga Zalite, Gunta, et Joanna Hernik. « TERRITORIAL MARKETING IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION PORT CITIES ». Latgale National Economy Research 1, no 9 (30 novembre 2017) : 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2017vol1.9.2672.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Today in the Baltic Sea region, territorial marketing plays a substantial role both for tourist attraction and local young families, a quality workforce and students’ retention to the region, which is not easy due to the wide scope of work and travel opportunities in the European Union Member States. Territorial marketing aims to increase the prestige of a territory by attracting local and foreign subjects to the territory by creating an expressive image, maximal use of the territory’s natural, material and technical as well as financial, labour and social resources. The Baltic Sea region countries have a lot in common: historical heritage of Soviet Union influence until 1991, which has left its impact both on their architecture, city planning and on peoples’ mentality; joining the European Union in 2004 and since then struggling with common market side effects that force these countries to look for new ways to sustain their regional competitiveness. The current research focuses on exploring the experience of territorial marketing use in four Baltic Sea region port cities: Parnu (Estonia), Ventspils (Latvia), Klaipeda (Lithuania) and Szczecin (Poland). The research aimed to compare the territorial marketing approaches used in the four Baltic Sea region port cities and specifics of brand positioning for the cities. In the research work, desk study and the comparative method were applied to aggregate and interpret secondary data on the four cities’ development trends. Analysis and synthesis methods were applied to investigate the elements of territorial marketing.
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Stankov, Slobodanka, Marija Peric, Dejan Doljak et Natalia Vukovic. « The role of Euroregions as a factor of spatial integration and regional development-the focus on the selected border area ». Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA 71, no 3 (2021) : 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2103295s.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The political changes that affected the European area in the second half of the 20th century conditioned the development of European countries on the principle of Euroregions, as interesting creations of neighboring countries. Formed along the political borders of neighboring countries, Euroregions today play a significant role in the enlargement process of the European Union. At the end of the 20th century, the formation of Euroregions covered the area of the Western Balkans as well. In Podrinje, the border area of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, the formed Euroregions have the goal of reviving and revitalizing rural areas. Tourism, as the most important economic activity, is integrated into the basis of the rural development of these areas. The subject of the research is related to the analysis of the development degree of border rural areas, under the influence of tourism. The research problem is focused on the rural areas of ?Serbian? Podrinje. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to determine the change and burden of rural border area due to the development of tourism, using the indicator of tourist operation (I.T.O.) and the tourist function indices to measure the degree of the development of a destination. The results of the research indicate that three types of tourist destinations have been developed in the studied area: destinations with almost non-existent tourist activity (< 4), with small-scale tourist activity (4- 10), and developed and eminently tourist destinations (40-100). The obtained results indicate that 83.3% of the destinations in "Serbian" Podrinje are destinations with almost non-existent tourist activity. These are the destinations where the development of tourism does not affect the transformation of space, but the original and preserved environment is promoted as a tourist attraction.
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Shapoval, Dmytro. « Legal aspects of spatial planning : foreign experience ». Law and innovations 46, no 2 (2024) : 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2024-2(46)-10.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Problem setting. The article analyzes foreign experience in the preparation and implementation of strategic documents. It also summarizes foreign methodologies and practices of strategic development planning in relation to the tasks and conditions that determine the sustainability of the socio-economic development of Ukraine. The main provisions of strategic documents defining guidelines for spatial development in the countries of the European Union and mechanisms for implementing regional policy through the work of regional development agencies in countries with similar natural resource characteristics of the territory (Canada, Australia, Brazil) are considered. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to develop legal and methodological foundations for spatial planning of urban development, which have not been formed in Ukraine. Purpose of the research is to study topical legal issues related to spatial planning in the context of European integration processes. Analysis of recent researches and publications. There are a lot of Ukrainian researchers who study the problems of spatial planning: O. Malokhlib, M. Shulga, A. I. Ripenko, I. Ignatenko, D. Fedchyshyn, and foreign scientists – H. Gemenetsi, L. Riccia. The works of these authors were devoted to the study of topical issues in the field of urban planning. However, there was no analysis of legislative and doctrinal approaches in European countries to the formation of the spatial planning system. The chosen topic of the scientific article currently requires additional research due to the need to intensify European integration processes and concentrate efforts, in particular, by developing appropriate scientific recommendations for improving Ukrainian legislation on spatial planning and studying, analyzing and adapting the best international practices, trends and modern technologies in the field of spatial planning. Article’s main body. The article examines the target functions and content of spatial planning in European countries from the perspective of a system-integrated methodology. A comparison of the latter with urban planning activities in Ukraine is given. The conceptual and terminological apparatus in the field of spatial planning is revealed. The evolution of ideas in the EU about spatial planning is traced. An overview of the main documents on ensuring spatial planning is given. It is concluded that it is necessary to use the experience of spatial planning accumulated in the EU in Ukraine, especially in terms of involving the population in the examination of projects. In this case, the specifics of Ukrainian natural and socio-economic conditions should be taken into account. A study of spatial planning in Ukraine and an assessment of EU best practices suggests that there are significant differences in the prevailing approaches to spatial planning. So, for example, if in European countries there is a rethinking of the role of the state and civil society in spatial planning and urban development, then in Ukraine, when making management decisions on the functional use of territories, the state approach clearly dominates. The study, analysis and adaptation of the world’s best practices, trends and modern technologies in the field of spatial planning are a necessary condition for the effective development of the spatial planning system and the improvement of its methods in Ukraine. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Effective spatial planning and spatial development in modern conditions are gaining relevance both from the standpoint of the need to solve existing problems and to expand Ukraine’s opportunities for European integration. Spatial planning becomes a particularly important aspect in the context of martial law and post-war reconstruction. Martial law and conflicts can lead to serious changes in the structure and functioning of territories, and recovery requires comprehensive and effective spatial planning. Today, it is worth focusing on the experience of European countries, because it reflects a fairly high level of management efficiency, as well as the peculiarities of the development and implementation of strategic measures in the field of state management of urban planning activities. It is thanks to modern plans and programs that it is possible to effectively use resources of all levels and types, ensure the quality of the habitat, preserve cultural heritage and meet the needs of the community.
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Puccia, Angelo, César M. Mora Márquez et Julia M. Núñez-Tabales. « Promotion of European Wines in Third Countries within the Common Market Organisation Framework : The Case of France ». Economies 10, no 2 (2 février 2022) : 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10020041.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The international wine market has undertaken important structural changes in the first decades of the 21st century, both in terms of demand and offer. In order to mitigate the effect deriving from the increase in competition, the European Union (EU) continues to allocate important resources to increase the competitiveness of the winemaking sector by means of its Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the Common Market Organization (CMO). This paper aims to understand which factors have an influence on the correct implementation of the CMO measure of promotion in the principal wine exporter country: France. A fuzzy-set model (fs/QCA) has been utilized, studying a period of 10 years since 2009. Results show that is it possible to obtain a better execution ratio of measure of promotion by adapting some key factors, such as CMO budget allocation. These findings could support French national and regional authorities in the task of planning. Moreover, other Member States (MS) could also benefit, since in the new CAP approach, a higher participation in strategic plans is required for them by the EU.
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Ogryzek, Marek, et Ada Wolny-Kucińska. « Sustainable Development of Transport as a Regional Policy Target for Sustainable Development—A Case Study of Poland ». ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no 3 (3 mars 2021) : 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030132.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In central and eastern European countries that joined the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007, there are strong connections between transport development and sustainable regional development. The needs for transport development in post-socialist countries are so high that it is difficult to finance them, and most governments have to choose between immediate and less urgent needs. The aim of this study was to determine the role played by sustainable transport growth in the improvement of regional cohesion and sustainable regional development with a use of geographical information systems’ capabilities. The specific goals of the study were to: (i) determine the impact of EU subsidies on the regional transport development; (ii) identify threats to regional cohesion resulting from under-capitalised regions, (iii) examine geographical information systems’ capabilities in periodical regional transport development monitoring. The analyses include evaluation of the regions’ involvement in sustainable transport development as well as the presentation of direct and indirect results, such as road system improvement, with the use of GIS capabilities. It is particularly important to develop a system for monitoring the level of EU fund allocation with the use of GIS tools and the capabilities of geographic information systems. Such in-depth analysis would be useful for regional governments and decision-makers in creating and updating long term transport policies as well as monitoring long term regional development strategies. Both sustainable transport development and EU fund allocation can be monitored within the use of GIS tools, and such analyses should supplement the INSPIRE Geoportal scope.
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Fiener, Peter, Tomáš Dostál, Josef Krása, Elmar Schmaltz, Peter Strauss et Florian Wilken. « Operational USLE-Based Modelling of Soil Erosion in Czech Republic, Austria, and Bavaria—Differences in Model Adaptation, Parametrization, and Data Availability ». Applied Sciences 10, no 10 (25 mai 2020) : 3647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103647.
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In the European Union, soil erosion is identified as one of the main environmental threats, addressed with a variety of rules and regulations for soil and water conservation. The by far most often officially used tool to determine soil erosion is the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and its regional adaptions. The aim of this study is to use three different regional USLE-based approaches in three different test catchments in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Austria to determine differences in model results and compare these with the revised USLE-base European soil erosion map. The different regional model adaptations and implementation techniques result in substantial differences in test catchment specific mean erosion (up to 75% difference). Much more pronounced differences were modelled for individual fields. The comparison of the region-specific USLE approaches with the revised USLE-base European erosion map underlines the problems and limitations of harmonization procedures. The EU map limits the range of modelled erosion and overall shows a substantially lower mean erosion compared to all region-specific approaches. In general, the results indicate that even if many EU countries use USLE technology as basis for soil conservation planning, a truly consistent method does not exist, and more efforts are needed to homogenize the different methods without losing the USLE-specific knowledge developed in the different regions over the last decades.
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Bettencourt, Pedro, Claudia Fulgêncio, Maria Grade et Julio Cesar Wasserman. « A comparison between the European and the Brazilian models for management and diagnosis of river basins ». Water Policy 23, no 1 (12 janvier 2021) : 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.204.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Water management is assuming more and more importance as freshwater resources are becoming scarce, both in quality and in quantity, across many developed and developing countries. This trend can be attributed to population growth, industrialization, growing agricultural demand, poor water management practices and climate change. In attempting to deal with the intensification of water quality- and quantity-related problems in recent decades, many countries have revised their water resource management policies and legislation, introducing new institutional frameworks and management instruments. Considering regional geographic and cultural distinctions, the present article aims at comparing the models of water resource management in the European Union (EU) and in Brazil. Institutional and legal arrangements currently in place, water planning and management instruments currently in use, assessments of water body status and watershed diagnoses were analysed. Main strengths and weaknesses of each water management system are pointed out in the conclusion. Main challenges for the water sector, and highlights of the converging and diverging points concerning water resource management systems, in each region, are discussed.
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Svoboda, Ondrej, Lukas Melecky et Michaela Stanickova. « The nexus of a regional competitiveness and economic resilience : The evidence-based on V4+4 NUTS 2 regions ». E+M Ekonomie a Management 27, no 1 (mars 2024) : 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2024-1-001.
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Economies have always been prone to economic downturns, industry shocks, currency crises, and the current COVID-19 epidemic crises, destabilising a region’s economic growth trajectory and pattern. By re-establishing economic ties both inside and outside regions, regional economies that have been disturbed by a shock may transition to a new growth trajectory. We examined the idea of competitiveness and resilience in a regional development context to answer why one region is more susceptible to economic shock than others and the competitive advantages and disadvantages of V4+4 countries. This article highlights some of the core characteristics of regional competitiveness and resilience and gives a survey of the notion, main empirical results, and planning tasks concerning regional competitiveness and resilience. The idea of resilience is gaining greatness because of the COVID-19 crisis, and its importance is growing in research and economic policymaking. Ideas like “2020 made us stronger” and “resilience, tenacity, and the ability to bounce back” are obviously alluring during the current crisis. The COVID-19 problem, however, has decreased the main systems’ shock resistance and caused failures to spread from one system to another. Thus, it is necessary to suggest a systems approach focused on resilience to have socio-economic systems ready for potential shocks. The paper’s main topic is resilience-focused tactics, with a focus on the current European Union strategy. The European Union must strengthen its resilience considering the COVID-19 issue and the political agenda that is transition-driven in order to move forward or recover but emerge stronger. If policies are to be effective in the long run, an attitude responding to the systemic causes and impacts of big shocks is required.
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Monastyrskaya, M., et O. Peslyak. « THE SPECIFICS OF URBAN PLANNING OF LARGE URBANIZED TERRITORIES IN THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES. PART II : PARITY OF REGIONAL AND MUNICIPAL URBAN PLANNING IN NORWAY ». Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, no 3 (9 avril 2021) : 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-3-47-63.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article substantiates the relevance and expediency of prolonging the study of the processes of strategic, detailed and current planning of large, typologically differentiated forms of urbanization, as well as the implementation of urban planning documentation in the most developed countries of Northern Europe. The article presents the results of studying the specifics and trends of the formation, development and functioning of the system of spatial strategizing and urban planning and design in the Kingdom of Norway: its institutional, paradigm, technological and organizational components. It is shown that the significant differences between the Norwegian system of urban planning of large urbanized territories and its Danish, Swedish, and Finnish counterparts are due, on the one hand, to the national specifics of urban planning, and, on the other, to the relative independence of the spatial organization of the environment of Norway, a partner of the European Union, from the urban planning standards established for its members. It is noted that the basic trend of improving the system of long-term, medium-term, short-term and current planning in the Kingdom of Norway today is the achievement and approval of the parity of regional and municipal planning. It contributes to the "transparency"; predictability, humanistic socio-environmental orientation of urban planning policy implemented in this country, as well as initiates the search for various forms and increases the effectiveness of public participation in the processes of formation and implementation of urban planning decisions. The results of the study can serve as information-theoretical and methodological support for spatial strategizing and urban planning of priority and border geostrategic territories of Russia, which have long been part of the "Baltic Sea Civilization".
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Kudas, Dawid, Agnieszka Wnęk et Lucia Tátošová. « Land Use Mix in Functional Urban Areas of Selected Central European Countries from 2006 to 2012 ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no 22 (18 novembre 2022) : 15233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215233.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The land use mix (LUM) is among the critical issues in spatial planning because it can determine the occurrence and structure of various land use and cover types (LUC) and prevent any adverse patterns. The paper focuses on the LUM in functional urban areas (FUAs) in Czechia, Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary. The research employed Urban Atlas (UA) data on LUC in 2006 and 2012 to characterise LUM in the FUAs. The research follows the division of the FUA into the urban area (urban core, UC) and its functional surroundings (commuting zones, CZ). We further characterised the phenomena investigated for the entire country, region, and Europe using Corine Land Cover (CLC) data. The LUM was quantified with the entropy index (EI), dissimilarity index (DI), and multi-dimensional balance index (MBI). The EI demonstrated that the investigated FUAs went through more substantial LUM changes than the 27 European Union member states (EU27) from 2006 to 2012. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that LUM overspill was more intensive in CZs than in UCs on the regional and national levels. We found out that urbanised areas grew at the expense of agricultural areas in both UCs and CZs with similar dynamics in 2006–2012 in all the analysed countries.
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Sieriebriak, Kseniia, et Oleksandra Melnykova. « ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES (ОN THE EXAMPLE OF UKRAINE) : REGIONAL ASPECT ». Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no 4 (septembre 2018) : 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-4-306-314.
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Research background. Modern trends in world politics and international relations dictate new schemes for establishing links between regions and encourage states to constantly improve them. One such form is economic cooperation between regions, whose development strategies are gradually being introduced in countries around the world. Since Ukraine signed an association agreement with the European Union, in most economic and legal issues it relies on the experience of the European countries. In addition, worthy of attention is the analysis of the current state of the regional development in Ukraine and on its basis the formation of the basic principles for interregional cooperation. Such experience and identifying main economic trends in the formation of economic cooperation between different regions can help Ukraine to introduce this process in practical terms and possibly avoid the most popular problems in this area. Purpose of the article. The provisions of the article provide a systematic estimation of the regional development of Ukraine based on the calculation of the Spearman coefficient from 2006 to 2016. On the basis of these calculations, the main preconditions for the economic development of interregional cooperation are analysed and the basic principles of such cooperation for the regions of Ukraine are formed. Methodology/methods. This work is based on the generalization of the official methodological information of the following Ukrainian regions that are the most interested for the economic foundations of the interregional development. Ukraine has a new decentralization reform for the regions, which will be able to give impetus to the economic development and increase the effectiveness of the interregional ties. Nevertheless, since this process is quite new for our country, it is critically important to study foreign experience in this field. In the future, as a result of such studies, it would be possible to develop economic and legal mechanisms for introducing the best world practices in the Ukrainian legal field. Value/originality. The provisions of the article solve an important theoretical and practical task – firstly for Ukraine – contribute to the formation of the interregional cooperation institution since by this time there is no unanimous opinion on the legislative level or on the scientific one. It seems possible, through such studies, to create the real mechanisms for the regional development in Ukraine and their cooperation with each other. Most Ukrainian and world economists view the development of the regions as such in themselves, no one examines it through the prism of economic development of interregional cooperation. We support and use this approach, because it is very important, as it provides an opportunity to comprehensively analyse the current state of the meso-level in Ukraine. For the first time in Ukraine, the results of the formation development at the regional level in the context of interregional cooperation are presented in the detailed description that could give the opportunity to Ukrainian economists for the next step in this scientific field. Practical implications. The results of this article will form the basis for the assistance to various regions in Ukraine in the matter of strategic planning and their cooperation since no clear and detailed actions for them have yet been recorded. In addition, this work is relevant for representatives of state authorities and scientists who deal with issues of the regional economy because no one in Ukraine has ever considered these issues in the context of interregional cooperation.
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Pavolová, Henrieta, Katarína Čulková, Zuzana Šimková, Andrea Seňová et Dušan Kudelas. « Contribution of Mining Industry in Chosen EU Countries to the Sustainability Issues ». Sustainability 14, no 7 (31 mars 2022) : 4177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074177.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In recent years, the mining industry has achieved an important position in the national economy due to its increasing productivity. However, since 2000, there have been signs of a slowdown, resulting from the national and local conditions of the mining industry. It is for these reasons that we have concluded that this type of industry must be assessed not only from the economic but also from the national and regional sectors, because the performance of the mining industry is directly affected by the value of mineral deposits and the structure of other industries. The present paper aims to analyze the development of the mining industry in Slovakia, in comparison with similar development in chosen European Union countries. Slovakia has been considered as a country with mineral resources and mineral-based products representing an important part of Slovakia’s foreign trade, with the significant imported mineral resources including mainly mineral fuels and ore raw materials. The development of the mining industry is assessed from the economics through the growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) and through the national aspect through the rate of growth of the national economy. The aspects are evaluated by the multi-criteria method Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), with which we evaluated the country with the best mining industry development. The results of detailed quantitative analyses of the selected indicators for mining industry development for individual European Union countries show a fluctuating trend during the observed period, which is characterized by development disparities. Such results can be used to determine raw material policies in the relevant countries.
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Krasnoselskaya, Dina Kh. « Examining Regional Polycentricity : Does It Really Matter in Transitional Russia ? » Economy of Region 17, no 2 (juin 2021) : 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-2-3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
n the normative agenda of European countries, polycentricity is considered a desirable spatial form for encouraging regional competitiveness and territorial cohesion. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian regions have undergone various reforms aimed at reducing tremendous social-economic differentiation, but the results of applied strategic plans were moderate. According to the existing Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation, polycentric patterns are encouraged to increase the quality of economic space and its connectivity. Using statistical data from 2017 for 271 Russian municipalities, the research addresses the impact of socio-economic determinants and road infrastructure on the spatial structure. The Republic of Bashkortostan and six adjacent regions served as a case study. Conducted regression analysis identified key variables that influence polycentricity, upon which global and local Moran’s indexes were calculated to reveal the potential for intraregional cooperation. Research findings showed that polycentricity in its morphologic nature is positively determined by economic variables (namely, the value of shipped goods, performed works and services) and social infrastructure (the number of doctors per 10 000 inhabitants) while spatial autocorrelation is weak both within and beyond regional boundaries. The results may be used for formulating regional policies, infrastructure programmes, and spatial planning.
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Golovko, Liudmyla, Olena Yara, Olena Uliutina, Andrii Tereshchenko et Andrew Kudin. « Formation of Ukraine's Climate Policy in the Context of European Integration ». European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no 4 (1 octobre 2021) : 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n4p138.
Texte intégralRésumé :
It is an indisputable fact that one of the most important problems today is global climate change. Climate change affects everyone and requires a concerted effort at regional, national and international levels. The most intensive legal regulation of environmental protection, including climate change, which has an extremely negative impact on the environment, is carried out on the European continent. The European Union is a leader in climate change prevention and an example for other countries. The state policy of Ukraine on legislative adaptation is formed as an integral part of legal reform in Ukraine and is aimed at ensuring common approaches to rule-making, mandatory consideration of European Union legislation in rule-making, training of qualified specialists, creating appropriate conditions for institutional, scientific, educational, technical, financial support of the process of adaptation of the legislation of Ukraine. In the scholarly work global and European trends in climate change prevention policy were revealed. The adaptation of Ukrainian legislation in the field of climate change to EU law was analyzed. The conceptual foundations of the environmental policy of Ukraine in the context of climate change were considered. The challenges and problems on the way to the implementation of climate policy were determined.
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Fayed, Hanaa, et John Westlake. « Globalization of Air Transport : The Challenges of the GATS ». Tourism Economics 8, no 4 (décembre 2002) : 431–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101298214.
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The impacts of globalization on national and international policy making processes are illustrated by an examination of the effects on air transport industries. Trends towards the liberalization of air transport activities have been noted in many countries, mainly, to date, those of developed or rapidly developing status. Specific demand and supply conditions affect the air transport industries, and a particular regulatory framework has grown up since the 1940s. The study examines trends towards the privatization of airline companies in the context of (a) the development of so-called global ‘alliances’ or ‘partnerships’ and (b) liberalization at regional level and within trade groups such as the European Union. The new challenges of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) are considered, especially in terms of how developing countries can develop appropriate policies in response to the forces of globalization, increasing liberalization and competition.
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Batrancea, Larissa M. « The Hard Worker, the Hard Earner, the Young and the Educated : Empirical Study on Economic Growth across 11 CEE Countries ». Sustainability 15, no 22 (16 novembre 2023) : 15996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152215996.
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Economic growth is an important metric for the sustainable development of any region or country. Central and Eastern Europe members of the European Union are important players of the single market, which implements regional policies to mitigate socio-economic differences between its newer and established members. The present study examines the factors that shape the phenomenon of economic growth across 62 NUTS 2 regions from 11 countries in Central and Eastern Europe during the period 2011–2020. The study investigates determinants related to education level, involvement of young people in the labor market, household net income, high-speed internet facilities and overall hours spent at work during a year. Three panel data models estimated with first-differenced generalized method of moments showed that regional economic growth was significantly influenced mainly by income, the rate of young employees and educational attainment level. Relevant insights and policy implications for regions in CEE countries are addressed.
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Poggi, Valerio, Stefano Parolai, Natalya Silacheva, Anatoly Ischuk, Kanatbek Abdrakhmatov, Zainalobudin Kobuliev, Vakhitkhan Ismailov et al. « Harmonizing seismicity information in Central Asian countries : earthquake catalogue and active faults ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 24, no 7 (26 juillet 2024) : 2597–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2597-2024.
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Abstract. Central Asian countries, which include Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, are known to be highly exposed to natural hazards, particularly earthquakes, floods, and landslides. With the aim of enhancing financial resilience and risk-based investment, planning to promote disaster and climate resilience in Central Asia, the European Union, in collaboration with the World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), launched the Strengthening Financial Resilience and Accelerating Risk Reduction in Central Asia (SFRARR) regional programme. Within this framework, a consortium of national and international scientific institutions was established and tasked with developing a regionally consistent multi-hazard and multi-asset probabilistic risk assessment. The overall goal was to improve scientific understanding on local perils and to provide local stakeholders and governments with up-to-date tools to support risk management strategies. However, the development of a comprehensive risk model can only be done with the basis of an accurate hazard evaluation, the reliability of which depends significantly on the availability of local data and direct observations. This paper describes the preparation of the input datasets required for the implementation of a probabilistic earthquake model for the Central Asian countries. In particular, it discusses the preparation of a new regional earthquake catalogue harmonized between countries and homogenized in moment magnitude (Mw), as well as the preparation of a regional database of selected active faults with associated slip rate information to be used for the construction of the earthquake source model. The work was carried out in collaboration with experts from the local scientific community, whose contribution proved essential for the rational compilation of the two harmonized datasets.