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1
Hendri, Zendri, et Rahmad Dandi. « Tinjauan Historis Pengungsian Vietnam di Pulau Galang 1979-1996 ». Takuana : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, dan Humaniora 1, no 1 (30 avril 2022) : 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56113/takuana.v1i1.24.
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Vietnam's long history starts from the effort to gain independence from France, the prolonged civil war between Communist North Vietnam and nationalist South Vietnam, to the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia, which led to the massive migration of Vietnamese people to various countries using boats so that refugees This Vietnamese, known as the "Boat People." This study provides a comprehensive explanation of the background of the migration of Vietnamese refugees to Galang Island, the role of UNHCR and the Government of Indonesia in overcoming these problems, and their lives on Galang Island. This historical research was carried out successively from the heuristic process taken from the Vietnam-camp refugee document and observations on Galang Island. The data is then verified, interpreted analytically and synthetically, and presented in descriptive-explanative historiography. Apart from the pluses and minuses of various aspects of the history of Vietnamese refugees on Galang Island from 1979 to 1996, the Indonesian government has been maximal in overcoming the problem of Vietnamese refugees.
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Tortel, Emilien. « Marseille, city of refuge : international solidarity, American humanitarianism, and Vichy France (1940-1942) ». Esboços : histórias em contextos globais 28, no 48 (12 août 2021) : 364–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7976.2021.e78244.
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Anchored in the port of Marseille, this article studies encounters between international solidarity, American humanitarianism, and Vichy France’s nationalism in times of war and exile. Being the main free harbour in France after the country’s defeat against Germany in the spring of 1940, Marseille saw hundreds of thousands of refugees seeking refuge and exile on its shores. This massive flux gave rise to a local internationalism of humanitarian and solidarity networks bonded by an anti-fascist ideology. American humanitarians, diplomats, and radical leftist militants shaped this eclectic internationalism by providing crucial support for European refugees escaping the Nazi-backed state repression in France. Using the local archives of the department of Bouches-du-Rhône, this paper analyses how these actors and their ideologies met in Marseille and interacted with or against Vichy France’s nationalism. In the end, the extended historiography on refugees, American humanitarianism, solidarity networks, and French nationalism will be used to analyse global ideologies in a local context during the Second World War.
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PURSEIGLE, PIERRE. « ‘A Wave on to Our Shores’ : The Exile and Resettlement of Refugees from the Western Front, 1914–1918 ». Contemporary European History 16, no 4 (novembre 2007) : 427–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777307004109.
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AbstractIn the wake of the German invasion of Belgium and France in August 1914, four million persons went into exile. While such a displacement of population testified to a dramatic change in the character of war in western Europe, historiography and collective memory alike have so far concurred in marginalising the experience of refugees during the First World War. This article examines their unprecedented encounter with host communities in France and Great Britain. It demonstrates that the refugees' plight reveals the strengths as well as the tensions inherent in the process of social mobilisation that was inseparable from the First World War.
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Gemie, Sharif. « The Ballad of Bourg-Madame : Memory, Exile, and the Spanish Republican Refugees of the Retirada of 1939 ». International Review of Social History 51, no 1 (30 mars 2006) : 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859005002300.
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This paper analyses the experience of the Spanish Republican refugees who left Catalonia in the Retirada of January and February 1939. The first section – “the Road to Bourg-Madame” – considers issues of interpretation raised by the refugees' texts: it discusses historiography, the politics of memory, and political culture. In “Bourg-Madame”, the second section, the essay considers the refugees' experiences. It discusses previous patterns of Spanish migration, the decision-making process that preceded the refugees' journey, group identity formation during the Retirada, the gendered dimension of their experiences, the despair felt by many on arrival in France and the reception that the refugees met. The paper ends by discussing the surprising resilience of the refugees.
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Zholudeva, Natal’ya R., et Sergey A. Vasyutin. « Employment Problems of Muslim Migrants in France (Exemplified by Paris). Part 1 ». Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no 6 (20 décembre 2021) : 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v137.
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The first part of the article briefly covers the history of immigration to France, social conflicts associated with migrants, and the results of French research on discrimination of immigrants in employment. In spite of the high unemployment rate, compared with other European Union countries, France remains one of the centres of migration and receives a significant number of migrants and refugees every year. The origins of immigration to France go back to the mid-19th century. Initially, it was mainly for political reasons, in order to find a job or receive an education. Between the First and the Second World Wars, France accepted both political (e.g. from Russia, Germany and Spain) and labour migrants (from Africa and Indo-China). After World War II, the French government actively invited labour migrants from the French colonies, primarily, from North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco). When the Algerian War ended, the Harkis – Algerians who served in the French Army – found refuge in France. By the late 1960s, the Moroccan and Tunisian communities were formed. Up to the 1980s, labour migration was predominant. However, with time, the share of refugees and those who wanted to move to France with their families started to increase. This caused a growing social and political tension in French society resulting in conflicts (e.g. the 2005 riots in Paris). Moreover, the numerous terrorist attacks and the migration crisis of 2014–2016 had a particularly negative impact on the attitude towards migrants. All these issues have to a certain extent affected the employment of the Muslim population in France.
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Reid, Fiona, et Sharif Gemie. « Constructing Citizenship ? Women, Welfare and Refugees in France, 1939–1940 ». Women's History Review 20, no 3 (juillet 2011) : 347–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2011.567052.
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Sontag, Katrin. « Refugee Students’ Access to Three European Universities : An Ethnographic Study ». Social Inclusion 7, no 1 (10 janvier 2019) : 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v7i1.1622.
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The article presents an ethnographic fieldwork carried out at three universities in Switzerland, Germany, and France, and analyses how access to higher education for refugees was addressed in the three cases, how and which institutional change and activities were initiated, and by which actors. The article argues that the topic cannot be addressed in isolation but has to consider four intersecting areas: the personal biography and migratory history of the students, the asylum system, the educational system, and the funding situation. For the refugee students, the challenge is that these areas need to be taken into account simultaneously, but what is more challenging is that they are not well in tune with one another. Solutions need to take this complex—and place-specific—situation into account.
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Steinberg, Swen. « On Austrian Refugee Children : Agency, Experience, and Knowledge in Ernst Papanek's “Preliminary Study” from 1943 ». Journal of Austrian-American History 4, no 1 (1 décembre 2020) : 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.1.0111.
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Abstract In 1943 Viennese refugee pedagogue Ernst Papanek turned in his master's thesis, “On Refugee Children: A Preliminary Study,” for the New York School of Social Work at Columbia University. Particularly interested in their role in processes of knowledge translation and transfers, he circulated questionnaires among refugee children he had rescued from France to the United States. Through his thesis he gave the children a voice and depicted their agency. This article contextualizes Papanek's approach to the relief efforts in the United States in the early 1940s. Focusing especially on the responses of Austrian refugee children in the questionnaires, it uncovers aspects of the young people's experiential knowledge and how they were further explored in a follow-up study on Papanek's research from 1947. The article draws on recent approaches in migration studies that look at the intersection of knowledge and the experiences of young migrants, underlining its potential in research for unaccompanied minors and young refugees from Nazi persecution.
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SCOTT-WEAVER, MEREDITH L. « Republicanism on the borders : Jewish activism and the refugee crisis in Strasbourg and Nice ». Urban History 43, no 4 (8 octobre 2015) : 599–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926815000838.
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ABSTRACT:This case-study of Jewish activism in Strasbourg and Nice, interwar urban locales situated along the frontiers with National Socialist Germany and fascist Italy, respectively, examines critical facets of Jewish advocacy during the refugee crisis of the 1930s. It focuses on how urban spaces engendered dense thickets of community activism unlike that which took place in Paris. Whereas friction and ineffectiveness characterized aid efforts in Paris, these cities offer alternative views on the nature of the refugee crisis in France and the ways that Jews overcame obstacles to help asylum-seekers. It advances much-needed discourse on the complexity of French Jewish experiences during the interwar years and highlights the city as both location and a conduit for diverse activist strategies. Although circumstances varied in Strasbourg and Nice, Jews in these two borderland cities followed similar patterns of engaging urban civil society to build flexible networks that addressed the plight of refugees from multiple angles.
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DOYLE, WILLIAM. « Refuge in the Land of Liberty : France and its Refugees, from the Revolution to the end of Asylum, 1787-1939By Greg Burgess ». History 94, no 314 (avril 2009) : 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229x.2009.453_20.x.
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Gott, Michael. « Orienteering (through) cinéma-monde : the hubs, networks, borders, and forests of airport cinema ». Contemporary French Civilization : Volume 47, Issue 1 47, no 1 (1 mars 2022) : 17–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/cfc.2022.2.
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This article considers a selection of films about air travel that encompass an array of voyagers from refugees to business travelers as a metaphor for cinéma-monde and its complex threads and trajectories. Through an analysis of key moments of transition, transformation, or exposition within short scenes from six films set at least in part at airports, I examine how characters and viewers orient themselves between the hubs shared by air networks and the film apparatuses that compose cinéma-monde. I also consider the ways that air networks intersect with other (terrestrial, virtual, cine-industrial) networks. The films analyzed are Des étoiles/Under the Starry Sky (Dyana Gaye, 2013, France/Belgium/Senegal), Je suis mort mais j’ai des amis/I’m Dead But I Have Friends (Guillaume Malandrin and Stéphane Malandrin, 2015, Belgium/France), Le fils de Jean/A Kid (Philippe Lioret, 2016, France/Canada), Bab el web (Merzak Allouache, 2005, France/Switzerland/Algeria), Bird People (Pascale Ferran, 2014, France), and De Nieuwe Wereld/The New World (Jaap van Heusden, 2013, Netherlands). Drawing on these examples, I propose the concept of “orienteering” as a description for how protagonists navigate narrative spaces but also as a model for how viewers and scholars might interact with films with the cinéma-monde framework.
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Alcalde, Ángel. « Scott Soo. The Routes to Exile : France and the Spanish Civil War Refugees, 1939–2009. » American Historical Review 123, no 4 (1 octobre 2018) : 1402–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhy144.
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Caron, Vicki. « Prelude to Vichy : France and the Jewish Refugees in the Era of Appeasement ». Journal of Contemporary History 20, no 1 (janvier 1985) : 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002200948502000107.
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Guse, John C. « Polo Beyris : A Forgotten Internment Camp in France, 1939–47 ». Journal of Contemporary History 54, no 2 (5 février 2018) : 368–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009417712113.
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Polo Beyris is a virtually unexplored example of internment under French and German authorities. From 1939 to 1947 the camp of Polo Beyris in Bayonne held successively: Spanish Civil War refugees, French colonial prisoners of war, suspected ‘collaborators’ and German prisoners of war. Despite having up to 8600 prisoners at one time, the large camp and its numerous satellite work detachments were literally ‘forgotten’ for decades. Although similar to other camps in its improvised nature, wretched living conditions, lack of food and constant movement of prisoners, Polo Beyris was also unique: located in a dense urban area, within the wartime Occupied Zone and close to the Spanish frontier. Its civil and military administrators were faced with constantly changing, and often chaotic, political and military circumstances. Not a waystation in the Holocaust, Polo Beyris has been lost from the sight of historians. It provides an additional dimension to the complex history of internment in twentieth century France.
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Yagil, Limore. « Rescue of Jews in France 1940–44 : The Jesuit Contribution ». Journal of Jesuit Studies 5, no 2 (26 avril 2018) : 199–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00502002.
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Until recently, most Holocaust historians have devoted little attention to the topic of Jesuit priests who gave Jews shelter and helped them, in defiance of the orders of Vichy Government or the Germans authorities. In order to understand how it was possible for about 250,000 Jews in France, not to be deported, and to find help among the population, it is important also to take into account the activities of Jesuits providing hiding places for several hundred children and also adults. Most of them were able to obey their conscience, and disobey orders, and to act illegally in order to rescue Jews. Rescuers were not working alone, but generally they developed networks including also non-religious people. Above all, this study reveals us how much it was important to accomplish rescue in a collaborative group of rescuers: the network. This study also reveals much about the modalities of rescuing Jews in France in different regions. Most Catholic rescuers had been engaged before the war in a spiritual and theological way with anti-Nazi activities, especially in helping refugees, and in resistance to anti-Semitism and racism. It was indeed the Catholics, and especially the Jesuits and Dominicans, who raised the most attention regarding the Nazi danger, and this prepared them to act in rescuing Jews after 1940 in France.
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Streltsova, Yana R. « Features of Emmanuel Macron's Migration Policy ». DEMIS. Demographic research 1, no 1 (2021) : 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/demis.2021.1.1.11.
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During the migration crisis faced by Europe, European countries began to develop national strategies to solve the problems caused by the crisis. In this sense, the practice of modern migration policy of France is relevant, where despite the long history of immigration, the issues of integration of immigrants have not yet been fully resolved. Moreover, the country is forced to find answers to them in a situation of radicalization of society, caused, among other reasons, by the factor of the clash of different cultures and worldviews, to which the current migration policy has led. The article discusses the main directions of migration policy of Emmanuel Macron. It analyzes the policy statements of French president, as well as the laws and government decisions adopted in France in recent years, such as the Law “For controlled immigration, effective right of asylum and successful integration” (August 2018) and “20 measures to improve policy in field of Immigration, Asylum and Integration” (November 2019) which shape modern French migration policy. It is about the policy of France regarding the admission of refugees, student immigration, immigration on the status of “talents”, as well as professional and scientific personnel, the integration of immigrants. Attention is drawn to innovations related to introduction of quotas in labor immigration, as well as to strengthening cooperation with French citizens living outside France, expansion of French education system abroad. The article identifies the features of Macron’s migration policy which distinguish it from the measures taken earlier by his predecessors. It is about policy of admitting refugees, their access to health insurance, professional training, labor migration – the introduction of quotas, the expansion of preferences in student migration and in the status of “talents”. The projects of high importance for the President of France are projects aimed at strengthening France’s position worldwide in culture, education, science and business, and realizing the underestimated potential of compatriots abroad for this purpose as well.
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Celaya, Diego Gaspar. « «Premature Resisters». Spanish Contribution to the French National Defence Campaignin 1939/1940 ». Journal of Modern European History 16, no 2 (mai 2018) : 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944-2018-2-203.
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«Premature Resisters». Spanish Contribution to the French National Defence Campaign in 1939/1940 Thousands of Spaniards actively contributed to the defence of France in 1939/1940, whether as military contractors, legionnaires or soldiers of the Regiment de Marche de Volontaires Étrangers (RMVE). This paper focuses on three elements of their contributions. First, it investigates the importance of French internment camps for Spanish refugees’ that became key recruitment grounds for soldiers and labourers. Secondly, it will analyse the importance of the French General Staff's decision to veto the creation of Spanish autonomous units within the regular French armed forces, and how this compared to the situation of Polish and Czechoslovakian volunteers. Thirdly, the declaration of war on 3 September 1939 will be highlighted as a crucial turning point for French attitudes towards the recruitment of Spanish contractors and soldiers. Despite those changes in attitude, the Spanish contribution to France's defence in 1939/1940 – and to the French resistance – was never recognised by politicians in the post-war era. This is a fourth aspect of the entangled Franco-Spanish history of the Second World War that will be analysed in this paper, thereby highlighting how the memory battles between French Gaullists and Communists, reinforced by the context of the Cold War, left little space for the commemorative inclusion of «outsiders».
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Messenger, David A. « Rival Faces of France : Refugees, Would-be Allies, and Economie Warfare in Spain, 1942–1944 ». International History Review 27, no 1 (mars 2005) : 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2005.9641051.
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Zahra, Tara. « “The Psychological Marshall Plan” : Displacement, Gender, and Human Rights after World War II ». Central European History 44, no 1 (mars 2011) : 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938910001172.
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In 1940, Howard Kershner, director of European relief for the American Friends Service Committee, was stationed in Vichy France, where Quakers were organizing relief for refugees. He had witnessed any number of wartime atrocities in his years of service during the Spanish Civil War, including violence directed at civilians, bombings, starvation, and disease. Now he added a new item to the litany of wartime suffering: “One of the greatest tragedies of all times is the separation of families in Europe today: wives in one country, husbands in another, with no possibility of reunion and often no means of communication; babies who have never seen their fathers; scattered fragments of families not knowing if their loved ones are living or dead, and often without hope of ever seeing them again. There are multitudes of wretched souls for whom it seems the sun of hope has set.”
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Penzi, Marco. « Loys Dorléans and the “Catholiques Anglois” : A Common Catholic History between Violence, Martyrdom and Human and Cultural Networks ». Culture & ; History Digital Journal 6, no 1 (19 mai 2017) : 004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2017.004.
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In 1586 the book Advertissement des Catholiques Anglois aux François catholiques, du danger où ils sont de perdre leur religion was edited in Paris: the author, the Ligueur Loys Dorléans wanted to show what would be the future of France under the dominion of an heretical king, using as example the sufferings of the contemporaries English Catholics. The book knew many editions and Dorléans published other works on the same subject. In 1592 the Catholique Anglois, was printed twice in Spanish, in Madrid and Zaragoza. The history of the edition of Dorléans’ texts in Spanish must be understood as an effort of the English Catholic refugees and their network of alliances in Spain to demonstrate their tragic situation to the public. The Spanish editions of Dorléans’ work were made at the same time when new English Colleges were opened in the Spanish Kingdom.
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Klein, A. « Conscience, Conflict and Politics. The Rescue of Political Refugees from Southern France to the United States, 1940-1942 ». Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook 43, no 1 (1 janvier 1998) : 287–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/leobaeck/43.1.287.
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Ribert, Evelyne, et Bruno Tur. « The Role of Spanish Refugees in the Construction of the Migration Memory in France and Spain ». Journal of Intercultural Studies 34, no 6 (décembre 2013) : 714–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07256868.2013.846897.
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Dodd, Lindsey. « Wartime Rupture and Reconfiguration in French Family Life : Experience and Legacy ». History Workshop Journal 88 (2019) : 134–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbz025.
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Abstract ‘Wartime Rupture and Reconfiguration in French Family Life: Experience and Legacy’, by Lindsey Dodd Family separation is a widespread consequence of war, particularly war which targets civilian populations. This article draws on oral history narratives recorded by the author with French people who became child evacuees or refugees in France during the Second World War. All ended up in the département of the Creuse, in central France, hosted by people with whom they had no previous connection. Experiences of family rupture and reconfiguration have been considered by psychologists, but rarely by historians. As children live their lives mainly in the domestic sphere, close examination of their wartime worlds gives insight into the indirect effects of conflict on the youngest members of society. I argue that the experience of the Second World War must be understood as profound and lasting, even among those who did not experience combat, persecution or aggression directly. My case studies complicate understandings of family separation as a wholly negative experience for children in war, without compromising sensitivity to the nuances of individual difference. And I show the power of subjective retrospective sources to reveal the legacy of war inside commemorative actions situated well below national levels, which go unacknowledged in studies focused on the ‘collective’ or ‘cultural’ memory of the period.
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Sagomonyan, Alexander. « The Chambery Tragedy (June 1945) : the Causes and Historical Context of the Attack on the Spaniards in France ». ISTORIYA 12, no 11 (109) (2021) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017584-1.
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On June 15, 1945, a mass attack took place in the French city of Chambery on a train carrying Spaniards traveling from Germany to their homeland. As a result, more than a hundred people were killed and injured. The French authorities presented this incident as a spontaneous wave of popular indignation against the soldiers of the Spanish “Blue Division”, who fought as part of the Nazi Wehrmacht. However, this version is unlikely (this division was disbanded and withdrawn long ago). There are many indications that this action was carried out with the sanction of the French authorities. According to some researchers, such reprisals, not uncommon for liberated France, demonstrating “national hatred of fascism”, were intended — not least оf all — to change the skeptical attitude of the victorious powers to France. This was especially relevant on the eve of the Potsdam Conference. The events in Chambery can also be seen as an attempt to “atone” for the Spanish Republicans for the cruel treatment of refugees from a neighboring country after the end of the Spanish Civil War of 1936—1939.
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Besenyő, János. « Western Sahara and Migration ». Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 13, no 2 (30 juin 2014) : 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2014.2.2.
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I have been studying the Western Sahara conflict nearly over 10 years, publishing various articles and giving several presentations. In order to begin to summarize the Western Saharan conflict, some arguments need a reference to Europe, for instance drugs, gun running and legal and illegal migration. In my article I shall examine arguments for the migration taking place in Western Sahara. Western Sahara is an organic part of the Maghreb region, where a considerable portion of African migrants depart to Western Europe. The antecedents of migration to Europe go back in history, since the population living here were in close contact with the early colonial powers, e.g. France and Spain, and with refugees from other African countries, who sought better living conditions (or indeed survival).
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van der Linden, David. « Unholy Territory ». Church History and Religious Culture 100, no 4 (19 octobre 2020) : 526–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-bja10012.
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Abstract This article studies the mission of French Discalced Carmelite friars in the seventeenth-century Dutch Republic. Established from 1647 onwards in The Hague, Leiden, and Amsterdam, the missionaries’ aim was to minister to the French-speaking Catholics of Holland, but they also sought to convert expatriate French Protestants as part of the wider Counter-Reformation campaign to win back souls lost to the Reformation. Despite conflict with the Walloon churches, however, the Carmelite mission was surprisingly successful in converting Huguenots to the Church of Rome, repatriating many of them to France in the wake of the Revocation. As such, this article sheds new light on the relationship between expatriate communities in Holland, arguing that the Dutch Republic was not only a safe haven for refugees, but also the scene of ongoing conflict between French Protestants and Catholics during the reign of Louis XIV.
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Heuer, Jennifer. « Refuge in the Land of Liberty : France and Its Refugees, from the Revolution to the End of Asylum, 1787–1939. By Greg Burgess. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Pp. x+287. $69.95. » Journal of Modern History 81, no 4 (décembre 2009) : 962–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/650663.
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Jansen, Jan C. « American Indians for Saint-Domingue ? » French Historical Studies 45, no 1 (1 février 2022) : 49–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-9434866.
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Abstract The article examines plans for a military reconquest of Haiti and uses them as a lens to explore broader connections between exile, diplomacy, violence, and geopolitics in the wake of Haiti's independence. It retraces the networks and core elements shaping a plan involving Louis Marie Turreau de Garambouville, infamous veteran of the War in the Vendée and then French ambassador to the United States, as well as refugees from Saint-Domingue and Native Americans. On the one hand, the plan attests to the interconnections of the French and Haitian Revolutions with regard to the circulation of concepts of irregular warfare. On the other hand, the links between a veteran of the Revolutionary Wars, “counterrevolutionary” exiles, and Native Americans serve as a window onto the complex and messy realities of diplomacy in the rapidly shifting and uncertain geopolitical setting of the Americas in the midst of the Age of Revolutions. Cet article étudie des projets de reconquête d'Haïti au milieu des années 1800, les prenant comme point de départ pour explorer les rapports entre exil, diplomatie, violence et géopolitique au lendemain de l'indépendance. Il retrace les réseaux sociaux et les éléments-clefs d'un plan de reconquête impliquant à la fois Turreau de Garambouville, célèbre général de la guerre de la Vendée, puis ambassadeur de France aux Etats-Unis, des réfugiés de Saint-Domingue et des groupes amérindiens. Cette étude de cas permet de démontrer, d'une part, la circulation des concepts de guerre irrégulière entre les révolutions en France et en Haïti ; de l'autre, la mise en évidence des interactions entre un ancien combattant des guerres révolutionnaires, des exilés « contre-révolutionnaires », ainsi que des Amérindiens, permet d'analyser les réalités diplomatiques complexes et des alliances surprenantes dans le contexte géopolitique incertain et changeant des Amériques au milieu de l’ère des révolutions.
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Cuerda-Galindo, Esther. « Physicians imprisoned in Franco Spain’s Miranda de Ebro “Campo de Concentración” ». Medical History 66, no 3 (juillet 2022) : 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2022.20.
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AbstractMiranda de Ebro was created in 1937 to imprison Republicans and foreigners who fought with the International Brigades in Spanish Civil War. From 1940, the camp was used only to concentrate detained foreign refugees with no proper documents. More than 15 000 people, most of them from France and Poland, were kept there until the camp was closed in January 1947. Playing both sides of the international divide, fascist Spain at various points in time allowed passage and was a country of refuge both for those escaping Nazism and for Nazis and collaborators who, at the end of World War II (WWII), sought to escape justice. Treatment of each of these groups passing through Miranda was very different: real repression was meted out to the members of the International Brigades (IB), tolerance shown towards those escaping Nazism, and protection and active cooperation given to former Nazis and their collaborators. For the first time, data about foreign physicians imprisoned in Miranda de Ebro were consulted in the Guadalajara Military Archive (Spain). From 1937 to 1947, 151 doctors were imprisoned, most of them in 1942 and 1943, which represents around 1% of the prisoners. Fifty-two of the doctors were released thanks to diplomatic efforts, thirty-two by the Red Cross, and ten were sent to other prisons, directly released or managed to escape. All of them survived. After consulting private and public archives, it was possible to reconstruct some biographies and fill the previous existing gap in the history of migration and exile of doctors during the Second World War.
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Brasz, Chaya. « Dutch Progressive Jews and Their Unexpected Key Role in Europe ». European Judaism 49, no 1 (1 mars 2016) : 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2016.490102.
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AbstractLiberal Judaism remained absent in the Netherlands during the nineteenth century but finally became successful in the early 1930s under the influence of the Liberal Jewish Synagogue in London and the establishment of the World Union for Progressive Judaism in 1926. It had a specific Dutch character which was more radical than the German refugees who joined in were used to. The Shoah barely left survivors of the prewar congregations, but Liberal Judaism made a remarkable comeback in the Netherlands and had a key role position for Liberal Judaism on the continent of Europe. In a much smaller Jewish community than the French one, the Dutch Progressive congregations for a considerable period formed the largest Progressive community on the continent, next to France. Even today, while comprising ten congregations, it still has a growing membership.
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Кашницкий, Илья Савельевич. « Демографический дайджест ». Демографическое обозрение 2, no 3 (12 février 2016) : 202–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/demreview.v2i3.1779.
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Coleman D., S. Basten, F. C. Billari. Population — The long viewBillari F. C. Integrating macro- and micro-level approaches in the explanation of population changeLivi-Bacci M. What we can and cannot learn from the history of World populationKreager P. Population theory — A long viewSear R. Evolutionary contributions to the study of human fertilityReher D. S. Baby booms, busts, and population ageing in the developed worldVan Bavel J., D. S. Reher. The baby boom and its causes: what we know and what we need to knowLutz W., E. Striessnig. Demographic aspects of climate change mitigation and adaptationDemeny P. Sub-replacement fertility in national populations: Can it be raised?Teitelbaum M. S. Political Demography: Powerful trends under-attended by demographic scienceBasten S., Q. Jiang. Fertility in China: an uncertain futureColeman D., S. Basten. The death of the West: An alternative viewBongaarts J., C.Z. Guilmoto. How many more missing women? Excess female mortality and prenatal sex selection, 1970-2050Shon J.-L. P. K., G. Verdugo. Forty years of immigrant segregation in France, 1968-2007. How different is the new immigration?Sobotka T., É. Beaujouan. Two is best? The persistence of a two-child family ideal in EuropeEsping-Andersen G., F. C. Billari. ∙ Re-theorizing family demographicsAnderson T., H.-P. Kohler. Low fertility, socioeconomic development, and genderDoocy S., E. Lyles, T. D. Delbiso, C. W. Robinson, The IOCC/GOPA Study Team. Internal displacement and the Syrian crisis: An analysis of trends from 2011–2014Fakih A., M. Ibrahim. The impact of Syrian refugees on the labor market in neighboring countries: Empirical evidence from JordanBircan T., U. Sunata. Educational assessment of Syrian refugees in TurkeyYaylacı F. G., M. Karakuş. Perceptions and newspaper coverage of Syrian refugees in Turkey
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Cecchinato, Eva. « "Fascismo garibaldino" e garibaldinismo antifascista. La camicia rossa tra le due guerre di ». MEMORIA E RICERCA, no 32 (décembre 2009) : 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mer2009-032008.
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- The essay analyzes the recoveries of the garibaldian tradition in the period among the two world wars. The levels are manifold: the political dimension and the generational aspects, the family genealogies of the garibaldinism and the imaginary genealogies, sometimes interwoven and contrasted. Particular attention has been therefore reserved to the pages of "Camicia rossa", in which take form the perspectives and the claims of the "garibaldian fascism", but some contrasts also manifest themselves among the public use of the history promoted by the regime and the position of Ezio Garibaldi. On the long period the antifascist declination of the garibaldian tradition has in the French context its ground of fundamental development. The diplomatic relationships between Italy and France constitute the background to the dynamics in which the refugees try to create or to preserve a social and political role. The political emigration doesn't give up at all valorizing the patrimony of the Risorgimento in antifascist key. In the environment and on the pages of "Giustizia e Libertŕ" the dispute on the Risorgimento is faced in more systematic way. The recoveries of the garibaldian tradition - fascists and antifascists - concern a fundamental historical knot: the inheritance of the Great War and the choice of the Italian volunteers of the 1914. Recovering a constitutive and native aspect of the camicia rossa, the stories of the garibaldinism in this phase have therefore an international dimension and they are subscribed in a triangular perimeter that has Italy, France and Spain as vertexes.
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Selimović, Sead. « Preventing return : Implementation of annex VII of the Dayton peace agreement in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995-2020) ». Historijski pogledi 4, no 6 (15 novembre 2021) : 206–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2021.4.6.206.
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The armed aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina ended with the signing of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Dayton Agreement), initialed in Dayton on November 21, 1995, and signed on December 14, 1995 in Paris „in Bosnian, Croatian, English and the Serbian language“. The Dayton Agreement confirmed the fact that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had real control (power) over the so-called Republika Srpska. Annex 4 of the Dayton Agreement determined the internal structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There are two entities in the internal structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which consists of 10 cantons, and the Republika Srpska. Apart from the two entities, there is also the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was created by the Decision of the International Arbitration Court. It was established on March 8, 2000. According to the Dayton Agreement, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, whose official name became „Bosnia and Herzegovina“, continues its legal existence under international law as a state with its internationally recognized borders. It remains a member of the United Nations, and as Bosnia and Herzegovina may retain membership or request membership in organizations within the United Nations system and in other international organizations. The Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Annex 4 of the Dayton Agreement) guarantees human rights and „fundamental freedoms“. Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Entities, according to the Constitution, will ensure „the highest degree of internationally recognized human rights and fundamental freedoms.“ For this purpose, the formation of the Commission for Human Rights is also envisaged, as provided for in Annex 6 of the General Framework Agreement. The issue of the return of refugees and displaced persons is addressed in Annex 7 of the Dayton Agreement, entitled „Agreement on Refugees and Displaced Persons“. According to Annex 7, all refugees and displaced persons have the right to return freely to their homes and have the right to restitution of property confiscated from them during hostilities since 1991 and to receive compensation for all property that cannot be returned to them. The „Agreement“ states that the return of refugees and displaced persons is an important goal of resolving the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the period 1995-2020. The authorities of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian entity of Republika Srpska did not give up on the project of „separation of peoples“. The implementation of Annex 7 of the Dayton Agreement has been obstructed in various ways: by killings, beatings, intimidation, attacks on religious buildings and in other ways. Obstructions in the implementation of Annex 7 were also carried out in the entity of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, this was not as pronounced as in Republika Srpska. The first return of displaced persons (refugees and displaced persons) was to the settlement of Mahala, which until the Dayton Agreement was located in the municipality of Kalesija and after Dayton in the municipality of Osmaci in the entity of Republika Srpska. It was August 24, 1996. This was followed by the return of Bosniaks to the settlements of Jusići and Dugi dio in the municipality of Zvornik and Svjetliča in the municipality of Doboj. These events also marked the official start of the implementation of Annex 7 of the Dayton Peace Agreement in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although the Dayton Agreement guaranteed the return of the exiles, everything went much harder on the ground, and there were also human casualties. Between 1992 and 1995, approximately 2.2 million people in Bosnia and Herzegovina were forced to flee their homes as a result of the war against Bosnia and Herzegovina. About 1.2 million people have applied for refugee protection in more than 100 countries around the world, while countries in the region have accepted about 40% of the total number of refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Almost one million people were internally displaced in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the beginning of 2003, the Strategy of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the Implementation of Annex 7 of the Dayton Agreement was adopted. It was the first, at the level of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, harmonized, framework document which sets goals and plans the necessary actions and reforms towards the final implementation of Annex 7 of the Dayton Agreement. According to the 2015 UNHCR Annual Statistical Report, the number of refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina outside the country was 18,748. Of these, 9,080 had refugee status in Serbia, 4,055 in France, 2,274 in Switzerland, 1,412 in Germany, and the remaining number in other countries. It is estimated that at the end of 1995 there were about one million displaced persons, accounting for almost a quarter of Bosnia and Herzegovina's pre-war population. The first comprehensive, official census of displaced persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina was conducted at the end of 2000, when 557,275 displaced persons were registered. The 2005 audit of the status of displaced persons identified 186,138 displaced persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the data of the Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees from 2016, there were 98,574 displaced persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina, of which 38,345 or 40.6% were displaced in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 59,834 or 58.8% in the Republika Srpska and 395 or 0.5% in the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the ethnic structure of displaced persons, according to the head of household - families, 32.7% (10,667 families and 30,920 persons) are Bosniaks, 60.0% (19,565 families and 60,737 persons) Serbs, 6.7% (2,195 families and 6,374 persons) Croats and 0.6% (184 families and 542 persons) Others. According to the 2016 data of the Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees, by the end of 2016, around 341,000 housing units had been built or renovated in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the Bosnian entity of Republika Srpska, the Bosnian language is denied. Teaching in the Bosnian language is prohibited, and the language is called the non-existent Bosniak language. This discriminates against students who want their language to be called Bosnian. In addition, high-ranking officials from the Republika Srpska in public appearances deny the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bosniaks as a people, deny genocide against Bosniaks, which affects the perspective of the people of this area. Streets in cities bear the names of war criminals from the Second World War and the period of aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, busts of war criminals are being built, schools and other state institutions are being „sanctified“, etc. In the period 1995-2020. Annex 7 of the Dayton Agreement was not fully implemented in 2006, as an important factor in the reintegration of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the recognition of the results of armed aggression and genocide against Bosniaks.
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Mikic, Zelimir. « Scottish women's hospitals : The 90th anniversary of their work in Serbia ». Medical review 58, no 11-12 (2005) : 597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0512597m.
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The Scottish Women's Hospitals (SWH), a unique health institution in the history of medicine, staffed entirely by women, was founded soon after the outbreak of the First World War, August 12, 1914 in Edinburgh, by the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. The founder and the main driving force behind this organization was Dr. Elsie Inglis (1864-1917). Although her proposition to the British War Office had been rejected, she offered her services to the Allies (France, Belgium, Russia and Serbia). The first 200 bed SWH unit was sent to France in November 1914, and soon after followed other units, so at the end '.here were 13 very well equipped SWH units working in the various theatres of war in Belgium, Serbia, Russia, Rumania and Greece. The first unit of SWH came to Serbia in early January 1915, and was located at Kragujevac. Soon after, three other SWH units arrived to Serbia and were stationed at Mladenovac, Valjevo and Lazarevac. It was an enormous help to Serbia, full of wounded and sick people, due to the dreadful typhus epidemic which was devastating the country. A large SWH unit, attached to the Southern Slav Volunteer Division, had worked on the Dobrudza front, and there were three hospitals and a special transport unit on the Salonika Front, which were all engaged in the treatment of Serbian wounded soldiers until the end of the First World War. Two other SWH units, located in France, were treating the Serbian refugees. Serving bravely and honorably on the various theatres of war, the legendary Scottish Women's Hospitals made enormous contributions to the allied war efforts, and helped Serbian people a great deal.
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Stewart, Mary Lynn. « Review : Greg Burgess, Refuge in the Land of Liberty : France and its Refugees, from the Revolution to the End of Asylum, 1787—1939, Palgrave Macmillan : Basingstoke, 2008 ; 287 pp. ; 9780230507753, £55.00 (hbk) ». European History Quarterly 40, no 2 (31 mars 2010) : 306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914100400020607.
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Petrova, E. B. « VINOGRADOV FAMILY : NEW MATERIALS FROM THE FAMILY ARCHIVE (FOR THE CENTENARY OF THE «RUSSIAN EXODUS») ». Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Historical science 6 (72), no 4 (2020) : 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1741-2020-6-4-97-106.
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November 2020 marks a tragic anniversary − the centenary of the «Russian Exodus». Then a squadron of the Imperial Black Sea Fleet left Crimea and Sevastopol, along with thousands of refugees, our compatriots who had left their Homeland forever. There were many Crimeans among them. There was the family of Vasily Ksenofontovich Vinogradov (1843−1894) in this maelstrom of history, who represented an old Russian family and was the Director of the Feodosian men’s gymnasium (in 1873−1894), a remarkable teacher, writer, prominent public figure, the first historian of Feodosia. His book «Feodosia: a historical essay» was published in 1884 and went through three pre-revolutionary editions. 125 years after the death of V.K. Vinogradov, we received new information about his life, his pedigree and the completely previously unknown fate of his descendants. His great-grandson Mikhail Borisovich Vinogradov, who lives in France, gave us electronic copies of numerous documents, photos and other materials from the Vinogradov family archive with the right to publish them. Some of these unique materials are presented in this article.
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Mandel, Maud S. « One Nation Indivisible : Contemporary Western European Immigration Policies and the Politics of Multiculturalism ». Diaspora : A Journal of Transnational Studies 4, no 1 (mars 1995) : 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.4.1.89.
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Since World War II, policies with regard to immigrant populations have changed dramatically and repeatedly throughout Western Europe. From 1945 to 1955, Western European nations absorbed an enormous number of refugees uprooted during the war. Until the 1970s, governments did not limit migration, nor did they formulate comprehensive social policies toward these new immigrants. Indeed, from the mid-1950s until 1973, most Western European governments, interested in facilitating economic growth, allowed businesses and large corporations to seek cheap immigrant labor abroad. As Georges Tapinos points out, “For the short term, the conditions of the labor market [and] the rhythm of economic growth . . . determined the flux of migrations” (422). France, Britain, Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands welcomed the generally young, single male migrants as a cheap labor force, treating them as guest workers. As a result, few governments instituted social policies to ease the workers’ transition to their new environments. Policies began to change in the 1960s when political leaders, intent on gaining control over the haphazard approach to immigration that had dominated the previous 20 years, slowly began to formulate educational measures and social policies aimed at integrating newcomers.
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Vucinich, WayneS. « James E. Hassell. Russian Refugees in France and the United States Between the World Wars. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Volume 81, Part 7. The American Philosophical Society, 1991. vii, 96 pp. » Russian History 20, no 4 (1 janvier 1993) : 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633193x00694.
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Fletcher, John. « The Huguenot Diaspora ». Diaspora : A Journal of Transnational Studies 2, no 2 (septembre 1992) : 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.2.2.251.
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Diasporas are often set in motion by an act of persecution, massacre, or other violent action on the part of the majority against a minority The persecuted minority is then dispersed; more often than not, it includes the elite responsible for much of the commercial and cultural activity of the persecuting nation and goes on to enrich the cultural and commercial life of the new host country. Moreover, in addition to the undoubted short- and medium-term damage in terms of loss of commercial and cultural effectiveness, history frequently exacts long-term revenge as well, so that, both sooner and later, the persecutors are punished for their act of intolerance. The reverse is hardly if ever true, that is, that the new hosts regret the generosity of their welcome: far from subverting the culture of the new homeland—the allegation habitually proffered in the former country to justify the initial persecution—the refugees contribute valuably to it. Thus, the irrational paranoia at the root of hatred of minorities carries its own baleful punishment. The diaspora of the Protestants of France—known as Huguenots—is a case in point. It constituted, without doubt, the destruction of an elite. It can plausibly be argued that it was a factor in the French loss of Canada. And there is no missing the irony of the fact that the military governor of the Atlantic stronghold of Brest during the last world war, a notoriously ungentle Wehrmacht officer, was a man of Huguenot descent.
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Thao, Le Nguyen Nguyen. « The lost men in Missing Person ». Science & ; Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & ; Humanities 4, no 3 (20 septembre 2020) : First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v4i3.573.
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For the Nobel Literature Prize being rewarded to him in 2014, Patrick Modiano is among the most popular French novelists allover the world. In Vietnam, many books of his have been translated and published, especially since the year of his Nobel Prize, leading to many reviews and comments in newspapers and social networks. In addition, his novels have been interesting subjects to many studies in universities. However, we tend to pay more attention to his ``art of memory'' and his obvious obsession to history, memories, identities, the feeling of loss, etc. without paying attention to the loss itself, which makes it hard to deeply understand both his works and his world. In this article, we try to examine the loss in one of his most well-known novels, Missing Person (original Rue des Boutiques Obscures in French, which brought him the Goncourt Prize in 1978), to get a thorough understanding of this theme in his writings. By examining the characters and their being lost in Missing Person in terms of memory, language and nationality as well as seeing their state in the relations to cultural and historic events then (in the Occupation and about ten years later in France), we try not only to completely depict their loss but also to get things clearly explained. From the lost men in Missing Person, we also expect to point out humans' close connections to their community, their mother tongue language and their nation, showing how vulnerable they are through historic events. From this point of view, Modiano's missing person is a victim of history – just like many refugees today. Therefore, his writings not only are something from the past, not only belong to the past, but also are attached to our present and towards the future.
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Johnson, Robert H. « James E. Hassell. Russian Refugees in France and the United States Between the World Wars. (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Volume 81, Part 7). Philadelphia : American Philosophical Society, 1991. vii, 96 pp. $12.50 (paper). » Canadian-American Slavic Studies 25, no 1-4 (1991) : 330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221023991x00623.
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Adámez Castro, Guadalupe. « Un pasaporte hacia la libertad. Súplicas y solicitudes de los exiliados españoles...A Passport to Freedom : Spanish Refugees’ Supplications and Requests... » Vínculos de Historia. Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no 5 (23 mai 2016) : 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh.v0i5.214.
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RESUMEN Tras la derrota republicana en la Guerra Civil fueron muchos los españoles que tuvieron que huir y comenzar una nueva vida. La gran mayoría se asentó en Francia aunque muchos otros optaron por pedir asilo en el continente americano, especialmente en México. Su presidente, Lázaro Cárdenas, puso como condición principal para esta acogida que las instituciones de ayuda a los refugiados, creadas con los fondos de la República española, financiaran los viajes de estos hacia el país azteca, así como su manutención y alojamiento durante los primeros meses de su estancia en dicho lugar. Para llevar a cabo esta tarea se creó el Comité Técnico de Ayuda a los Republicanos Españoles (CTARE) capitaneado por José Puche, delegación del Servicio de Evacuación de los Republicanos Españoles (SERE) en México. A este Comité llegaron miles de peticiones de ayuda en las que los refugiados mostraban cuáles eran sus necesidades y preocupaciones más urgentes. El análisis de una parte de estas súplicas es el eje central de este trabajo, que pretende demostrar cuál fue el camino que siguieron estas cartas desde su escritura hasta su concesión o negación y qué huellas administrativas pueden encontrarse en las mismas, así como señalar cuáles son sus características esenciales. Gracias al análisis de estas peticiones podremos conocer el funcionamiento interno del Comité y recuperar la historia de los exiliados anónimos, generalmente marginados en buena parte de las obras escritas sobre esta temática. PALABRAS CLAVE: cartas de súplica, exilio republicano español, México, siglo XX, Comité Técnico de Ayuda a los Republicanos Españoles (CTARE) ABSTRACT After the defeat of the Republic in the Spanish Civil War many were forced to flee and begin a new life. Although the bulk of refugees fled to France, many others sought asylum in America, primarily in Mexico. As the main condition for receiving them the President of Mexico at that time, Lázaro Cárdenas, required the aid institutions, created with funds from the Spanish Republic, to pay for the travel, maintenance and accommodation of the refugees during their first months in Mexico. For that reason, the Servicio de Evacuación de los Republicanos Españoles (SERE) decided to create a delegation in Mexico, the Comité Técnico de Ayuda a los Republicanos Españoles (CTARE), led by José Puche. This Committee received thousands of requests for assistance with what the refugees considered their most urgent necessities. This paper seeks to analyze part of these requests. First, we show the administrative route of the request, leading either to its acceptance or rejection, as well as the administrative traces left by this process on the letters. Second, we analyze the main characteristics of the request. Thanks to the analysis of these requests we gain knowledge of the internal functioning of the Committee and recover the history of the anonymous exiles, generally excluded in a large percentage of the work written on this subject. KEY WORDS: writing culture, letters of pleading, Spanish Republican exile, Mexico, aid agencies, Comité Técnico de Ayuda a los Republicanos Españoles (CTARE)
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Tachjian, Vahé. « An Attempt to Recover Armenian Properties in Turkey through the French Authorities in Syria and Lebanon in the 1920s ». International Criminal Law Review 14, no 2 (13 mars 2014) : 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01401004.
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On 27 October 1932, France and Turkey signed in Ankara a convention concerning the question of properties owned on the one side by Turkish citizens within Syria’s and Lebanon’s borders and on the other by Lebanese and Syrian citizens within Turkey. At that time France was the mandatory power over Syria and Lebanon, and these two countries contained the greatest number of refugee Armenians who were previously Ottoman citizens. Did the agreement mean that the Armenians could recover their confiscated properties in Turkey? In fact, the French side, under intense pressure from Ankara, ultimately decided to exclude the Armenian issue from the Franco-Turkish negotiations. This article examines the history of the French-Turkish negotiations, the Armenian expectations, and the secret agreements leading to the exclusion of the Armenians from the final convention.
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Burgess, G. « France and the German Refugee Crisis of 1933 ». French History 16, no 2 (1 juin 2002) : 203–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/16.2.203.
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Peschanski, Denis, et Jean-Claude Villegas. « Plages d'exil. Les camps de refugies espagnols en France, 1939 ». Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire, no 24 (octobre 1989) : 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3769172.
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Zucker, Bat-Ami. « Frances Perkins and the German-Jewish Refugees, 1933-1940 ». American Jewish History 89, no 1 (2001) : 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ajh.2001.0018.
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Albert, Phyllis Cohen, et Vicki Caron. « Uneasy Asylum : France and the Jewish Refugee Crisis, 1933-1942 ». American Historical Review 105, no 4 (octobre 2000) : 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2651567.
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Welch, Penny, et Susan Wright. « Editorial ». Learning and Teaching 14, no 3 (1 décembre 2021) : v—vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2021.140301.
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This issue of Learning and Teaching: The International Journal of Higher Education in the Social Sciences includes authors from China, Canada, France and the United States. The first two articles analyse processes of developing international partnerships and networks promoting refugee access to higher education. The other three papers concern aspects of teaching and learning: online learning in accountancy; a flipped pedagogy in sociology; and the inclusion of national history in introductory international relations courses.
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Green, Nancy L., et Vicki Caron. « Uneasy asylum. France and the Jewish refugee crisis, 1933-1942 ». Le Mouvement social, no 197 (octobre 2001) : 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3780163.
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Malinovich, Nadia, et Vicki Caron. « Uneasy Asylum : France and the Jewish Refugee Crisis, 1933-1942 ». Jewish Quarterly Review 92, no 3/4 (janvier 2002) : 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1455468.
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