Thèses : « Refugee Organisation »

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Sarkar, Dipak Kumar. « Refugee and Migration Problems in West Bengal : Society, Economy and Polity (1947-2000) ». Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2834.

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Frey, Corinna. « Organizing in times of global displacement and refugee crises ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/282873.

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This dissertation examines the challenges of organizing in times of global displacement in three different studies. The papers are based on an ethnographic case study of an international aid organization and its operations in Rwanda. Each paper investigates a distinct aspect of responding to one of society's most pressing global problems, gradually unpacking how current organizational responses form a key part of the problem. The first paper explores the challenges of representing multi-sectoral contexts, as global crisis and grand challenges cut across multiple different sectors and domains. Drawing on pragmatist ideas, the paper conceptualizes multi-sectoral contexts by focusing on practical effects that differ in terms of visibility, comparability and timeliness. It further advances the idea of useful, rather than truthful, representation of complex contexts. The second paper examines the shift to participation and downward accountability in refugee crises. It outlines how downward accountability realizes its moral responsibility in an acute crisis, but betrays it over time as displacement prolongs. We conceptualize the dynamics of downward accountability as inclusive as well as exclusive, suggesting that participatory practices of downward accountability might reinforce refugees as marginalized others as displacement prolongs. The third paper follows this more critical stance by examining how the predominant solution to refugee crises, encampment, enacts and intensifies displacement over time. Contributing to the notion of wicked problems, this paper specifies the underlying practices of such problems' inherent intractability, referring to temporal and spatial containment. The paper however also sheds light on dynamics of temporal and spatial diffusion that assist in de-intensifying global wicked problems. The dissertation concludes with two overarching contributions that sketch opportunities for future research and reflects on the impact and implications of research on today's global social challenges.

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Russon, C. E. « Exploring staff and service users' constructions of a community organisation working with refugee people in London ». Thesis, University of East London, 2008. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3776/.

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Refugee people and the community organisations (COs) that work with them have been constructed within and by a variety of legal, social and political contexts within the UK in ways which have shaped their lives and work. Common constructions of refugee people as pathologised or threatening; and of COs as representative, integrative and also lacking have warranted a variety of social practices both comprising and governing the work of COs, and which have both empowering and disempowering effects for them and their service users. Despite the centralisation of COs in service delivery for refugee people, there is little research about them, and few accounts have either focussed on how they work or drawn on the perspectives of staff and service users of COs themselves. This study is an exploration of staff and service users' constructions of a CO working with refugee people in London. Nine people who were either staff or service users of a counsellingbased CO were interviewed and these interviews were analysed using discourse analysis drawing on the work of Foucault (e.g. 1961, 1977) and Malson (1998). Analysis of these interviews led to the identification of three main constructions of the work of the CO. These were 'Therapy 'under erasure'; 'Language and culture as currency' and 'Negotiating restrictions on agency'. Each of these constructions is discussed, together with the social practices warranted and actions made possible by them. Implications for power and agency are also addressed. In the final section, an evaluation of the research and its implications are presented.

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Tegelid, Julia. « ”Jag var främling och ni tog emot mig” : – en religionssociologisk studie om hur Svenska kyrkans roll i samhället kan förstås utifrån dess flyktingmottagande 2015 ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-339230.

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The Swedish Church can be understood as having a large focus on social- and supportive work, in Sweden as well as abroad in their international projects. An example of their engagement is the extensive responsibility the church took during the refugee crisis 2015. This commitment in society raises questions about the role of the Swedish Church, such as how the church manifest itself in a so called secular society. On that basis, the aim of this paper is to examine how the Swedish Church’s work with refugees during the refugee crisis 2015, can help us understand the role that the Swedish Church has in the Swedish society today. The purpose is therefore to find out how the receiving of, and work with, refugees was expressed and what it can tell us about role of the Church today. Moreover, the empirical material includes five case studies about the church’s commitment in the refugee crisis 2015, made by the Swedish Church itself. Theories about secularization is used for the analysis, and more particularly theories about internal secularization and deprivatization. The conclusion of this paper is that the church’s answer to the refugee crisis, show us that the Church has in some aspects adopted a secular public role. This can be understood by the fact that they welcomed people to activities with main focus on integration, rather than pronounced Christian activities. Through their refugee work, the Swedish Church can also be understood as an important voluntary welfare provider supporting the Swedish state.

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Patterson, Margaret Madeline. « From medical relief to community health care : a case study of a non-governmental organisation (Frontier Primary Health Care) in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/817.

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This case study is designed to answer the question whether refugees can make a positive contribution to host countries, not simply as individual participants in economic activity, but by contributing to welfare. The thesis provides a detailed study of an NGO originally established to provide medical relief for refugees but which now provides basic health care for local people. Since 1995 this NGO has adopted a policy of providing the same basic care to refugees and to people in local Pakistani villages, thus making no distinction between refugees and the residents of a specific geographical area. The case study also shows that an NGO can be an appropriate and effective provider of primary health care (PHC) as promoted by the 1978 Declaration of Alma Ata. The thesis uses several approaches to demonstrate why this happened and how it was achieved. Firstly, it narrates the history over the twenty-year period 1980-2000 of an international health project originally started for a group of Afghan refugees, and its transformation in 1995 into an indigenous Pakistani NGO called “Frontier Primary Health Care (FPHC)”. Secondly, the study explores the theoretical utility and limitations of the PHC strategy generally. Thirdly, the thesis provides an analysis of the extent to which the underlying principles or “pillars” of PHC, that is, participation, inter-sectoral collaboration and equity have affected the process and outcomes of the project. Locating the case study in the Pakistani context provides evidence of the persistent difficulties and shortcomings of official government basic health care in Pakistan, particularly for rural poor people, showing that the field is open for other providers of health care, such as NGOs. The thesis goes on to discuss strengths and weaknesses of NGOs in general, and particularly as health care providers. In investigating characteristics of the NGO sector in Pakistan, the study pays special attention to the discrete health care system for Afghan refugees created in the early 1980s, including its introduction of Community Health Workers. In order to assess the impact of the NGO on people’s health, the study uses data from mother/child health and family planning programmes (as far as available) demonstrating that this NGO is a more effective provider than the other two agencies i.e. the Government of Pakistan and the Afghan Refugee Health Programme. Placing the NGO in this context also shows that it has a better understanding of the underlying “pillars” and has made more determined and effective efforts to implement them, especially in regard to community involvement. It is unusual for a project initially refugee-oriented to have matured sufficiently to be making a contribution, as a matter of formal policy, to basic welfare in the host country, itself a developing country. The study concludes that the significant factors in its success are continuity of leadership; boundaries of population, geography and administration; dependable income and material resources; rigorous supervision; support, but not takeover, by experienced consultants; capacity to use learning to adapt and move on; and sensitivity to local cultural norms. All these have enabled the project to survive and develop as an indigenous autonomous organisation beyond the twenty years covered by the case study. FPHC is still operational in 2004.

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Calvar, Javier. « Asylum seekers and refugees in the UK : the role of refugee community organisations and refugee agencies in the settlement process ». Thesis, Middlesex University, 1999. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6413/.

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Using a qualitative approach, this study looks into the experiences of refugees during settlement in Britain, their perceptions and expectations of community associations and refugee agencies and the services these provide. Focused on the Colombian and the Somali refugee communities in London, the research is based on eight in depth interviews with personnel from refugee organisations and 31 with refugees themselves: 16 with Colombians and 15 Somalis. One mixed-sex group discussion with Colombian refugees and two, one male and one female, with Somalis were also conducted. This was complemented with direct observation and an extensive review of the existing literature. The research shows that English language skills, transferability of previous skills and employment experience, circumstances of flight, racism and discrimination, cultural differences between the country of origin and the UK, and availability of adequate health-care services and accommodation are key factors affecting refugee settlement. The findings also show that word of mouth was the most common medium of gaining awareness of refugee organisations for both the Colombian and the Somali refugees, followed by printed material. Whilst the Somali refugees were generally satisfied with the organisations they had approached, the Colombians expressed a high level of dissatisfaction. The findings lead to the conclusion that refugees' socio-cultural background and the reasons behind their flight are likely to shape both their settlement and their attitudes towards refugee organisations in the country of exile. Whilst the research suggests that there is a long way to go before refugee organisations can satisfactorily meet the needs of refugees in Britain, it also shows a pervasive lack of feed-back systems in those organisations. The study concludes with a number of recommendations to facilitate settlement, arguing that unless the available resources are used more efficiently, the effects of current legislation will be disastrous for the refugee population.

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Hoellerer, Nicole Ingrid Johanna. « Community in refugee resettlement : an ethnographic exploration of Bhutanese refugees in Manchester (UK) ». Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14517.

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After being expelled from Bhutan in the 1980s and 1990s, more than 100,000 Bhutanese refugees were forced to reside in refugee camps in Nepal. Twenty years later, in 2006, a global resettlement programme was initiated to relocate them in eight different nations: the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Denmark, The Netherlands, and the UK. Since 2010, about 350 Bhutanese refugees have been resettled in Greater Manchester through the Gateway Protection Programme. This thesis is based on 14 months of ethnographic research with members of this community. This thesis analyses the complex relationship between forced migrants, social networks, and ruling, organisational entities, which facilitate refugee resettlement. This qualitative study looks at the structure, role and everyday utility of social networks amongst a small refugee community, and emphasizes that the creation of similarity and difference is an inherent part of community development. The research calls into question the assumptions of UK policy makers, service providers and academics alike, which hold that refugees are removed from their ‘original’ cultures through forced displacement, and thereafter strive to return to a state of ‘normalcy’ or ‘originality’, re-creating and re-inventing singular ‘traditions’, identities and communities. In response to these assumptions, policy makers and service providers in refugee camps and in the UK adopt a Community Development Approach (CDA). However, I argue that there is no fixed and bounded community amongst Bhutanese refugees, but that they actively reshape and adapt their interpretations, meanings and actions through their experiences of forced migration, and thus create novel communities out of old and new social networks. In the process, I juxtapose my informants’ emic understandings of community as samaj, with bureaucratized refugee community organisations (RCOs). This research shows that rather than a creating singular, formalized RCO to serve the ‘good of all’, the Bhutanese refugee community in Manchester is rife with divisions based on personal animosities and events stretching back to the refugee camps in Nepal. I conclude that RCOs may not be equipped to effectively deal with the divisive issues that arise due to refugee resettlement. The thesis is situated at the centre of anthropological investigations of forced migration, community, and policy, and uses interdisciplinary sources (such as policy documents, historical accounts) to highlight the complexities of forced migration and refugee resettlement. This critical research is also a response to the call to make qualitative, ethnographic research more relevant for policy makers and service provision, which is all the more important in this ‘century of the refugee’.

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Terry, Vita Lang. « Organisational responses in challenging times : a case study of asylum seeker and refugee third sector organisations ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7883/.

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Third sector organisations (TSOs) are facing multiple complex and challenging pressures from the shifting economic and political environment, undoubtedly creating an uncertain operating landscape. Although the sector encompasses a range of forms, shapes and sizes, policy and practice tend to portray the sector as homogenously experiencing and responding to the environment. This thesis undertakes in-depth case studies using a qualitative research strategy to investigate organisational change in three asylum seeker and refugee TSOs based in England. An ethnographic rationale is used to collect the data, using a range of methods, spending time immersed within the organisations, and a process of reflexivity. The research explores how organisations are affected by, and navigate, these challenging pressures, and what is happening within the organisational setting that influences the processes of organisational change. Drawing on a multi-level framework, including isomorphism, institutional logics, institutional work and emotional work, provides an insightful account of the different layers of organisational change. The case studies demonstrate significant pressures from negative immigration rhetoric and xenophobic attitudes, austerity measures, and changes in the funding environment that all fuel organisational responses. By moving on from being refugee community organisations to becoming established and formalised TSOs, each organisation further expanded into varying forms of hybrid organisation - family/professional, religious and entrepreneurial - depending on differing contextual factors and resources. Nuanced accounts grounded in empirical data are portrayed, of the challenges, tensions and dilemmas faced by the organisations whilst also illustrating the agency of actors’ responses. This not only distinguishes the heterogeneity of the sector but also demonstrates the actors’ ability to manage uncertainty through resilience and adaptability.

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Kellow, Alexa. « Refugee community organisations : a social capital analysis ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/192895/.

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This thesis considers how refugee-led community organisations generate social capital for their service users. The concept of social capital has become popular in policy debates in recent years, and previous research has attributed social capital creation for their service users to refugee community organisations (RCOs). This research aimed to analyse the process by which social capital is created by refugee community organisations, and what this means for the members of these organisations in terms of resources. The potential of the current political and economic climate to affect individual asylum-seekers and refugees, and refugee community organisations is considered, with particular emphasis on the funding situation for RCOs. Data was collected via an eight-month case study with an RCO for ethnic-Albanians in London. Interviews and focus groups with staff, volunteers and service users were held. To further understand the broader context in which RCOs are operating, interviews were also held with professionals that work with refugee community organisations, either as representatives of funding bodies, or as capacity-builders. A questionnaire survey of refugee community organisations with income over a certain threshold in London was also carried out in order to further contextualise the findings from the case study. Data from the researcher’s observation journal, the interviews and focus groups was analysed using software Nvivo 8 software. Woolcock’s work on social capital was used in combination with Rex’s typology of immigrant association functions. It was found that in the case study there was strong evidence of bonding and linking social capital. These social capital connections enabled service users to access a wide range of resources. There was less clear evidence of bridging social capital creation. Data from interviews with professionals and the survey revealed that other RCOs work, or at least, aspire to work, in the same way as the case study RCO to create social capital for their service users. The case study also revealed that working in partnership with specialist agencies was key to the success of the RCO, a finding that was also supported by the other data. Finally, the research found that funding uncertainty is an ongoing difficulty for many RCOs.

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Richter, Teri. « A formative evaluation of a refugee programme : ARESTA ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5843.

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Jones, Patricia A. « Refugee Community Organisations working in partnership : The quest for recognition ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/832/.

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This thesis was based on five multi-agency, urban Partnerships at the heart of the Accommodate Project: An initiative that set out to stimulate grassroots resolution to the problem of refugee housing, settlement and integration, at a time when large numbers of people were arriving seeking asylum in the UK. Refugee Community Organisations (RCOs) were engaged by the Housing Associations’ Charitable Trust (hact) to work alongside housing providers, local authority partners and others, for three years in five cities where refugees were struggling to find permanent housing. My original contribution to knowledge concerned study of the Partnerships from the perspective of organisations working with the most socially excluded, the RCOs. The Partnerships created a structure where power could be brokered. Research was conducted in a critical realist tradition in order to discover the relationship between emerging themes. Connections made between structural barriers and local interaction meant this approach presented a bigger picture view that other methodologies might have overlooked. A longitudinal methodology tracked progression from the marginalised position that was the starting point for many RCOs, struggling to survive and fill the gaps in service provision for community members. By the end of the Project, RCO partners had changed attitudes, improved access to housing services and transformed institutional relations between social housing providers and refugees. Hact’s support for RCO capacity building was fundamental to their being able to influence the agenda, define the solutions and participate in policy decision-making. The Accommodate Project created a learning space that countered marginalisation by actively involving community groups in cross-sector partnerships. This study demonstrates that community empowerment is an accumulative yet uneven process. A participatory approach allows less engaged groups to learn quickly from those that are better established. If the intention of community empowerment is to lead to fundamental change, the role of active management strategies by a catalyst such as hact is paramount. The thesis deploys and develops theories of community empowerment and network management to conceptualise the social inclusion of marginalised groups.

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Nyoni, Green Agrippah. « Exploring the problems and possibilities of capacity building in refugee organisations : the case of Manchester refugee support network (MRSN) ». Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2016. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/619018/.

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The following thesis has engaged an empirically informed liberationist’s analysis to investigate the role of discriminatory tendencies in the destruction and demonizing of asylum seekers in the UK. The argument is that the hostility directed towards asylum seekers appears to be rooted in a racist connotation that has been perpetuated by successive governments through the legislation of immigration laws that criminalize this group will be explored. Refugees and asylum seekers, by virtue of their position in British Society, face discrimination because of the embedded hegemony of the masked sociological racism, which has replaced biological racism. Successive governments’ control of asylum seekers through immigration has brought to this group a life of destitution and the inability to integrate and develop active citizenship. This study was done with the partnership and participation of Manchester Refugee Support Network (MRSN), which is a refugee led organisation that advocates for the rights of refugees and asylum seekers thus giving a voice to the voiceless. A triangulation approach which involved participatory action research, encompassing formative activities and comparative and liberating perspectives in the quest for social justice was used. This approach inspired the participants to develop participatory and collaborative principles, which in turn presented a channel for them to have a voice. As a result of this the participants were able to challenge and educate those who had oppressed them. The formative approaches in the feedback of my data analysis given to the participants in strategic meetings not just gave them the freedom of deliberation and having the final decision on the course of action to follow but also taking the lead in the implementation. The key actions included improving the services provided by MRSN, fundraising, and developing new campaigns, hence building its capacity. The capacity building entailed the exploration of suggested new projects and training of community leaders to embrace collaborative principles, which aimed at improving governance in community organisations and MRSN. New fundraising strategies were explored in order to seek flexible funds that would allow for projects that had in the past proved difficult to get despite being of paramount demand for example immigration advice. Campaigns included the fight for Basic Rights, Right to Work and against destitution, and the campaigns became more inclusive, and focused on the agenda set by the participants and directed at the right people and were educational.

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Clarke, Jennifer Helen. « The Education and training role of refugee community organisations : activities, outcomes and opportunity structures ». Thesis, University of Kent, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604003.

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It has been estimated that there may be approximately 1,000 'refugee community organisations' (RCOs) in the UK. Recent surveys have suggested that over half are involved in activities to support refugees' education and training. Although this work is relevant to several current debates, it has been Little researched to date. This study therefore makes an original contribution to knowledge in the following four respects: i) through assessing the range of education and training activities conducted by RCOs in two cities in the UK, and the characteristics of the organisations that conduct, them; ii) through exploring the education and training role of RCOs in terms of its influences on refugees' capabilities and iii) in terms of its influences on refugees' integration and iv) through exploring how wider socio-political factors affect the education and training role of RCOs, including through a cross-national comparative analysis. The study adopts a mixed research strategy. In phase I, a survey is conducted of 25 RCOs active in education and training. in two contrasting cities of refugee settlement, London and Leeds. In phase 2, the outcomes of nine case study RCO education and training activities are explored, primarily through semi-structured interviews with a total of 71 individual learners. In phase 3, the opportunity structure for the involvement of RCOs in education and training is explored from a comparative perspective with contrasting contexts in the Netherlands and Greece. RCOs in both UK cities are found to conduct a wide range of education and training activities. The majority of participants in such activities interviewed perceived that their involvement affects them positively in a range of ways which can be interpreted as both building their capabilities and contributing to their integration. The findings challenge the frequently narrow conceptualisation’s of RCOs, and a wider perspective is proposed which accommodates their hybrid nature as both social networks and established organisations. Such significant involvement of RCOs in education and training is not found in the other two countries, and is interpreted as being linked to the legacy of the multicultural framework and to the highly-developed community and voluntary sector in the UK. Furthermore, the study shines a spotlight on the complex processes of both capability development and integration, by linking individual-level empirical data to the respective theoretical conceptualisations. In doing so, it makes a contribution to substantialising these two important but potentially nebulous concepts.

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Lee, Eun Su. « Unveiling and Overcoming the Canvas Ceiling : Non-Profit Organisations Working with Stakeholders to Facilitate Refugee Employment and Workforce Integration ». Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24238.

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Increasing number of refugees worldwide and the need to integrate them into the workforce in receiving countries pose new challenges to organisations and societies. This thesis, comprised of a literature review and two empirical studies, makes original contributions to theory and practice in an effort to set theoretical foundations and to establish empirical starting points for management scholars to contribute to the timely issue of refugee workforce integration. This thesis firstly outlines the complexity of factors affecting refugees’ employment outcomes through a multi-disciplinary literature review. The phenomenon of the canvas ceiling is introduced to describe a systemic, multilevel barrier to refugee workforce integration and professional advancement. The review points to a need for a combined effort from stakeholders to facilitate successful refugee workforce integration. The first study therefore examines how non-profit organisations (NPOs) support refugees in a resource-constrained, multi-stakeholder setting. The findings suggest that NPOs opt to meet the demands of “powerful and vocal” stakeholders, such as governmental organisations and employers, to secure resources, but an over-reliance on these stakeholders can hinder supporting wider range of refugees. The second study investigates how employers carry out their corporate social responsibility (CSR) goals, through human resource management (HRM) functions, while working closely with NPOs facilitating refugee employment support programs. The findings change the current understanding of the HRM–CSR literature on external stakeholder engagement by suggesting that a strong co-dependence, rather than a mere collaboration, underpins effective execution of HRM functions with CSR goals. Finally, this thesis concludes with the potential ways to advance research and improve societal impact to facilitate refugee workforce integration by promoting stakeholder commitment and sharing social burdens across sectors.

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Lamb, Eleanor Charlotte. « Can immigrant organisations challenge mainstream representations of migrants and refugees ? : a critical discourse analysis ». Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.587535.

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This thesis examines the role immigrant organisations have played in discussions about immigration control in the UK since the nineteen sixties, by developing new research methods for critical discourse analysis. In investigating immigrant organisations as a possible source of opposition to migrants' and refugees' marginalisation, the study adds to debates over whether civil society is a place for positive social change or repression, as well as highlighting the relevance of oppositional voices to debates over immigration control. The study explores how representations in text and talk of migrants and 'the nation', and deployments of racism and antiracism, have contributed to harsh treatment of migrants and refugees in the UK. These findings are used to devise new categories for analysing social actors in text and talk about immigration legislation, building on the discourse-historical approach (Reisigl and Wodak 2099) and social actor analysis (van Leeuwen 2008). To assess immigrant organisations' potential to challenge negative constructions of migrants and refugees, the study charts their growth since 1968. It examines their ability to access genres and fields of action at all societal levels through a case study of one organisation: the Indian Workers Association (Great Britain). It provides a close analysis of text and talk from immigrant organisations in three time periods when UK immigration control was introduced: 1968, 1992 and 2009. It compares immigrant organisations' portrayals of migrants and refugees to those by speakers in parliamentary debates, national newspaper editorials, and extreme right flyers. I t is found that immigrant organisations were able to access multiple genres and fields of action in all time periods, and produced text and talk avoiding or opposing marginalising representations of migrants and refugees. The study asks why, this being the case, immigrant organisations have been unable to prevent increasingly harsh immigration legislation. It also makes recommendations for building on its new methods for diachronic analyses of fairly large corpora using critical discourse analysis.

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Miller, Sarah Ann Deardorff. « IO power from within ? : UNHCR's surrogate statehood in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e714c092-c127-4c1a-a28c-8d9496443bc2.

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This thesis examines the role of international organizations (IOs) at the domestic level. While International Relations (IR) offers an extensive literature on IOs, with understandings of IOs ranging from instruments of states to autonomous actors, it tends to ignore the role of IOs working at the domestic level, with an 'on-the-ground' presence of their own, and what this means for the IO's relationship with the state. The thesis develops a heuristic framework for understanding what is called IO 'domestication', which outlines a range of ways an IO can work domestically. It then focuses on one type domestication in particular: surrogate statehood, or cases where an IO substitutes for the state by providing services, executing functions of governance, and assuming authority in a given locale. The framework identifies indicators of surrogacy, the conditions for IO surrogacy, and reasons why it is sustained. It also considers the various types of relationship that can emerge from IO surrogacy between the IO and the state, ranging from states that willingly choose to abdicate responsibility to the IO, to states that partner with the IO. Empirically, the thesis examines these relationships through the case studies of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, which present a spectrum of UNHCR’s surrogacy over time. Ultimately, the thesis puts forth a counterintuitive claim: IOs that take on surrogate state properties actually have less influence on the states in which they are working. The analysis draws on two mechanisms to help explain this outcome: marginalisation of the state, and responsibility shifting.

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Stickler, Matthias. « "Ostdeutsch heißt gesamtdeutsch" : Organisation, Selbstverständnis und heimatpolitische Zielsetzungen der deutschen Vertriebenenverbände 1949 - 1972 / ». Düsseldorf : Droste, 2004. http://www.h-net.org/review/hrev-a0e7o0-aa.

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RADULY, EVA. « A critical discourse analysis of Twitter messages of three international humanitarian organisations about Refugees - UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP ». Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21547.

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Piálek, Nicholas. « Gender mainstreaming in development organisations : policy, practice and institutional change ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7d9a5c6b-0d0f-42a3-8c59-310ee56a3a6b.

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‘Gender and Development’ (GAD) is currently seen as the dominant theoretical model within international development for promoting social justice and equality for women. As a consequence, many development organisations are undertaking gender mainstreaming. The most interesting fact about the vast number of analyses about gender mainstreaming is the consistency with which they tell of GAD influenced policies failing to implement GAD approaches in practice. This should raise suspicion rather than simple condemnation. It is time to ask: ‘How are, often very progressive, gender policies and strategies consistently silenced across the range of organisational contexts?’ This thesis focuses upon the contemporary process of gender mainstreaming in development organisations – a term that specifically refers to a ‘process of organisational change’ that aims to explicitly develop the ‘use of GAD approaches within all projects and programmes’ of development institutions in order to achieve ‘a vision of development that creates gender equitable social change’ in society. Moreover, it takes an approach that specifically details the ‘organisational process’ element of change inferred in the term. As such, this thesis uses the literature of organisational culture as a lens to make previously unnoticed and submerged sites of conflict and acts of resistance visible, allowing an understanding to be gained of how gender mainstreaming has so consistently faced a policy-practice impasse. It develops this analysis using an in-depth case study of Oxfam GB and demonstrates that the process of gender mainstreaming in the organisation has resulted in the removal of ‘responsibility for’ implementing GAD approaches among staff in the organisation. It goes on to highlight that the unwillingness of development organisations and practitioners to recognise gender mainstreaming as an explicitly feminist and political process of change directly couched at the level of the organisation and not just at the level of the actual development project (or society more widely) has resulted in the ‘process of organisational change’ becoming rationalised and technical rather than personal and politically charged. In reaching this understanding of gender mainstreaming, the thesis develops an awareness of organisational change processes and highlights that ‘norms’ and ‘values’ in organisations are often confused. This confusion has led to an ineffective process of change in institutions as well as a poor conceptualisation and practice of gender mainstreaming in international development.

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Diesener, Christoph, et Mario Hesse. « Flüchtlingswelle und Asylbewerberleistungen : föderale Organisation, Kostenproblematik und Erstattung am Beispiel sächsischer Kommunen ». Universität Leipzig, 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34236.

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Die Zahl der Flüchtlinge, die in Deutschland Schutz suchen bzw. Asyl beantragen, ist in den Jahren 2014, 2015 und 2016 aufgrund der zunehmenden Konflikte, insbesondere in den Krisenherden des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens, massiv angestiegen. Ein Großteil der Geflüchteten entstammt den Ländern Syrien, Afghanistan und Irak.1 Die Anzahl zukünftiger Flüchtlinge lässt sich aber nur schwer prognostizieren; sie hat sich in der Vergangenheit jährlich erheblich verändert und hängt von vielen verschieden Faktoren ab: In erster Linie davon, wo auf der Welt gerade politische Konflikte (im schlimmsten Fall Kriege) oder wirtschaftliche Krisen entstehen, welche die dort lebenden Menschen dazu bewegen, ihre Heimat zu verlassen, um ihr Leben zu retten oder eine bessere Zukunft für sich und ihre Familien in Europa zu suchen.

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Mutiarasari, Clara Citra. « The Ambiguous Integration Concept as Reflected in the Role of Third Sector Organisations in Highly Skilled Refugees Employment Integration in Sweden ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-453448.

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This thesis studies the role of the third sector organisation [TSO] in highly skilled refugees' employment integration in Sweden. It attempts to contribute to the migration studies literature and nonprofit sector studies by focusing on the underresearched highly skilled refugees and several TSOs in Sweden, one of the major receiving countries in Europe during the refugee crisis. It discovers the challenges faced by the highly skilled refugees and the TSOs' solution to help them overcome the obstacles using Bourdieusian capital theory. In doing so, the TSOs are also shaping the integration concept of the nation, which is proven to be ambiguous. On the one hand, they preserve the construction of refugees as needing care and their difference from Sweden as weakness. On the other hand, they challenge the idea that integration is primarily refugees' responsibility and attempt to change employers' unwillingness to hire with the concept of diversity as a strength. Despite that, the TSOs do not significantly challenge the dominant integration concept in Sweden and the state. This thesis argues that it may be explained by the strong trust between the government and civil society stemmed from the nation's historical development as an egalitarian welfare state.

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Ngwara, Kudzai. « An exploratory study of the experiences of refugees receiving assistance from Non-Profit Organisations (NPOs) in the City of Cape Town Metropolitean Area ». Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32889.

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The plight of refugees has become a global social problem due to continuous political unrest, war and natural disasters worldwide. People are forced to migrate to other countries for safety and better living conditions in the hope that their basic human rights will be upheld. However, many destinations chosen by refugees face social problems of their own and are failing to provide basic services to citizens leaving the onus of service provision on charitable or Non-Profit Organisations (NPOs). South Africa is no exception as it has become a popular destination for refugees from other African countries and Asia but is not able to adequately provide for their needs. In this situation, NPOs have taken a central role in ensuring refugees are integrated into the South Africa society. This exploratory research examined the experiences of refugees accessing services from NPOs in Cape Town. A qualitative design and purposeful sampling are used to delve deeper into the experiences of refugees to amplify their voices about service provision. Refugees from six different NPOs in Cape Town namely: Adonis Musati Project, Triangle Project, PASSOP, MRASA, VIDEFI and Kwesu Women's organisation were interviewed about their experiences of accessing services. Participants had to be recipients of one or more of the services from any of the NPOs chosen for the research study. Their experiences related to the benefits and challenges faced when accessing services from NPOs and negotiating and navigating the challenges faced in accessing services from NPOs. The study revealed that refugees benefit from services offered to them although the challenges outweigh the benefits due to lack of funding and failure to provide adequate resources. The refugees mainly needed services to help them secure employment, documentation, and access to healthcare and basic education. They needed referrals to access these services from other NPOs or government institutions otherwise it was difficult to obtain. The refugees shared their experiences and on this basis recommendations on improving the services needed to ensure basic human rights are included in this study.

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Koïbé, Madjilem Roméo. « La protection juridique des réfugiés et déplacés climatiques à assurer par les organisations régionales : rôle de l'Union Africaine ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100098/document.

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Depuis quelques années, le réchauffement climatique est un thème qui fait l’objet de plusieurs débats houleux. Mais à l’heure actuelle, il est difficile d’affirmer avec certitude que le réchauffement climatique et les catastrophes qui se multiplient, ces derniers temps, en sont les conséquences évidentes. Toutefois, il ne fait l’ombre d’aucun doute que ces catastrophes naturelles ou celles d’origine anthropique ont des incidences avérées sur l’environnement et le milieu de vie humain. C’est le cas dans le Pacifique avec les îles du Tuvalu exposées à la montée du niveau de la mer, à l’érosion et même à la disparition. C’est aussi le cas dans le Sahel avec le lac Tchad qui, en raison d’une baisse de la pluviométrie, de la sécheresse et d’une mauvaise gestion de ses eaux, connait un rétrécissement inquiétant, obligeant ainsi, des milliers de personnes à migrer dans l’espace du bassin conventionnel du lac Tchad partagé entre le Nigéria, le Niger, le Cameroun et le Tchad. Ces mouvements internes et transfrontaliers mal encadrés sont sources de tensions et d’insécurité. Cette situation semble peu préoccuper les pays touchés, moins encore les pays riches et la communauté internationale, qui en l’absence de tout cadre juridico-humanitaire et d’un statut protecteur international, montrent peu de signe d’empressement pour trouver des solutions afin d’assister les réfugiés et déplacés climatiques et environnementaux qui risquent d’être lésés dans leur droit à la vie et à une vie décente. En raison du vide juridique au niveau international, il serait souhaitable de faire un état des lieux des possibilités actuelles de protection juridique universelle et régionale avant de revenir vers des pistes de solutions adaptées aux besoins spécifiques de l’Afrique par le biais de l’Union Africaine. Une option audacieuse mais qui vaut la peine en raison du contexte actuel qui impose une recherche de solutions scientifiques et juridiques pouvant aider à l’action des décideurs politiques
In recent years, global warming has been the subject of several heated debates. But, it is currently difficult to affirm with certainty that global warming and the increase in natural disasters in recent times are the obvious consequences. However, there is no doubt that these natural disasters or those caused by human activities have a proven impact on the environment and the living environment. This is the case in the Pacific with the Tuvalu islands which have been exposed to rising sea levels, erosion and even extinction. This is also the case in the Sahel region where due to a decline in rainfall, drought and poor management of its waters, the Lake Chad is experiencing a disturbing contraction, forcing thousands of people whose life depends on it to migrate in the space of the conventional basin of Lake Chad shared between Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon and Chad. These poorly managed internal and cross-border movements are sources of tension and insecurity. This situation does not appear to be of sufficient concern to the countries affected by these changes, and even less to the developed countries and the international community, which in the absence of any legal and humanitarian framework and international protective status, show no signs of eagerness to find temporary or permanent solutions to assist climate and environmental refugees and environmentally displaced persons whomay be harmed in their right to life and decent life. Due to the current legal vacuum at the international level, it would be desirable to take stock of the current possibilities of universal and regional legal protection before returning to possible solutions adapted to the specific needs of Africa, through the African Union. This is a bold but worthwhile option because of the current context that requires a search for scientific and legal solutions that can help policy makers

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Jerome, Kristine P. « Social and spatial relations in the production of social order : A case of the women's refuge ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36762/1/36762_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis explores the way social and spatial relations produce social order. It does this through an examination of the women's refuge. The women's refuge is a particularly appropriate case to examine this relationship. While many other social institutions share the purpose of transforming populations, the refuge intensifies this process. This is because the refuge is about producing 'independent women' in a setting that is not purpose built, within a period of three months. Thus, the process of transformation is intensified socially, because it is compressed temporally and spatially. This thesis proposes a conceptual framework that is informed by Bourdieu and the theorists of 'the interaction order' - Goffman, Garfinkel and Sacks - and a case study using a number of qualitative methods to investigate this process. It does this by comparing the way the notions of 'independence', 'empowerment' and 'home' are embedded in daily practices of three examples of the refuge, in operation in urban Southeast Queensland. This provides a means to formulate a comprehensive picture about the production of the 'refuge culture', and the social and spatial relations that construct social order in this kind of social organisation. There are two reasons why this kind of investigation is important. Firstly, this investigation makes a substantive contribution to the study of the women's refuge. Existing literature about the women's refuge does not clearly describe the way this social world is produced and the way 'independent women' are constructed. This study does this by examining the social and spatial relations of this setting and the rhetoric that accompanies it. Furthermore, this case study examines three different refuge models in order to understand the way social order is produced and how social and spatial relations contribute to this process. This provides an opportunity to explore different versions of 'independence' and explain why one refuge model is more likely to produce 'independent women' in keeping with feminist rationale. Secondly, conceptually and methodologically, the contribution of this thesis is made possible by exploring the relevance of concepts proposed by Bourdieu to the issues of social and spatial relations and the way they construct social order. These concepts are operationalised and applied to theories of 'the interaction order' - proposed by Goffman, Garfinkel and Sacks - in order to understand the women's refuge. This research approach offers a framework to capture the everyday experience of the refuge by focusing on the way social actors sustain daily action. The methods used to do this are participant observation, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. The application of this method of social inquiry means that it is possible to comprehend the process of transformation, the way this is operationalised on a daily basis, and the set of relations that produce the ordered social world of the refuge. Furthermore, the application of this method of social inquiry provides a way to further comprehend the mechanisms that produce social order in social institutions intent on transforming populations in transition. This investigation makes substantive theoretical and methodological contributions to the disciplines of sociology and design. In relation to the sociological study of social organisations, this study demonstrates the importance of using a particular method of social inquiry to uncover the relationship between social and spatial orders in the construction of social order. In relation to design, this investigation demonstrates the way spatial organisation is intertwined with aspects of social and cultural organisation. Collectively, the findings presented in this study demonstrate the reflexive relationship between social and spatial orders and the construction of social institutions. This is managed by describing the relationships that produce the social institution of the women's refuge and the way these facilitate the transformation of a population in transition. This study concludes by discussing the significance of these findings in relation to theories and policies about the refuge, and the benefit of future research of this kind in the investigation of social organisations intent on producing transformation.

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Kaboré, Daouda. « Organisations internationales, démilitarisation de la vie politique et construction de la démocratie en Afrique de l’ouest (Côte d’Ivoire, Libéria, Sierra Léone) : 1990-2011 ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100001/document.

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Depuis 1990, l’Afrique de l’ouest connait une phase complexe dans sa sécurisation et dans la lutte contre les conflits armés. Constamment déstabilisés par des tentatives de coups d’Etat militaires, les pays de l’Afrique de l’ouest, notamment la Côte d’Ivoire, le Libéria et la Sierra Léone ont bénéficié d’une aide de la communauté internationale pour le règlement des sources de conflit et le redressement de leurs institutions dans le cadre d’une démocratisation globale des pays africains. Malgré cette ingérence dans les affaires internes des Etats, les stratégies adoptées par organisations internationales pour sortir la sous-région ouest africaine de l’instabilité et l’insécurité continuent de poser problèmes. Les Etats restent encore fragiles. Dans l’aide apportée, les différentes agences spécialisées des Nations unies construisent plutôt un ensemble de réseaux avec les organisations non gouvernementales internationales (ONGI) pour la gestion des conséquences des conflits armés. Ces ONGI, tout en participant à la stratégie globale de sortie de crise renforcent leur position au niveau national tout en s’ouvrant à de nouvelles missions d’assistance. Malgré les différentes dispositions prises par la CEDEAO, l’Organisation de l’Unité africaine et de l’Union africaine pour prévenir les conflits et trouver des mécanismes pour leurs gestions et leur règlement, les pays étudiés ne parviennent pas à consolider durablement la paix. Les Etats membres profitent du chaos généré, luttant plus pour leurs propres intérêts que ceux de la sécurité et le retour à la paix. Face à ce manque de cohérence dans les actions et aux limites des stratégies adoptées jusque-là, la résolution des conflits armés en Afrique de l’ouest continue de suscité interrogations, amenant à proposer une nouvelle approche de la résolution des crises armées en Afrique. Cette thèse vise donc à comprendre les stratégies des organisations internationales, leur efficacité et leur faiblesse dans le retour à la paix et le renforcement des institutions démocratiques
Since 1990, the West African states face insecurity and the struggle for armed conflict resolution. They are mostly destabilized by military coup. International community support Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia and Sierra Leone in the research of conflict solutions and the building of democratic institutions in the African states. Instead of the interference of the international organization in the African’s internal affairs and the strategies adopted, the insecurity continues to be a real problem for the stability of the sub-region. The states continue to be fragile. According to the assistance of UNO specialized agencies, an international Non-Government Organization (INGO) network is built around the assistance activities, to support the consequences of the armed conflicts. The INGO make the most of the opportunities to reinforce their position in the state and to create others activities to improve their business. Despite all positions of ECOWAS, African unity organization, and African Union to prevent conflicts and to find mechanisms of the management and peaceful solution, the states are not able to build a long term peace. The member states make the most opportunity of the insecurity of the sub region. Theirs strategies are to protect their own interests instead of finding solutions for peace. This behavior and the incoherence in theirs peace-actions continue to be subjects of discussion. This makes think another approach of conflict resolution in Africa. My research is to analyze the strategies of the international organizations, their strength and their weakness in peacekeeping and the capacity-building of African democratic institutions

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Achour, Loubaba. « L'Action internationale en faveur des réfugiés politiques ». Grenoble 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE21016.

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Depuis la deuxieme guerre mondiale, les mouvements de refugies ont change de nature. Les deplacements forces ont pratiquement cesse en europe pour gagner les continents en voie de developpement: afrique, asie et amerique latine. Le phenomene s'explique par des facteurs tant economiques que politiques, qui se conjuguent pour creer une situation d'oppression et de deshumanisation. La protection internationale des refugies constitue l'une des taches les plus importantes du haut commissariat des nations unies pour les refugies. Cette protection consiste en tout premier lieu a obtenir l'asile. La qualite de refugie une fois determinee, se pose le probleme de son statut juridique, c'est-a-dire l'ensemble des normes internationales qui determinent ses droits et ses obligations. L'adoption d'instruments internationaux etablissant et definissant les normes de base pour la protection des refugies, constituent seulement un premier pas dans un processus de progres tendant a une realisation plus parfaite des droits de l'homme des refugies. Il est egalement necessaire d'assurer que ces normes de base soient appliquees dans les faits et se traduisent dans la vie de chaque jour grace a l'adoption d'une legislation appropriee sur le plan national
After the second world war political refugee movements have changed in nature. Forced population transfers have pratically stopped in europe and now affect essencially the developping continents : africa, asia, latin-america. The reasons for this are both political and economic which together create an opressive and dehumanising situation. International protection of political refugees is one of the most important task of the united nation high commission for refugees. This protection consists first of all obtaining political asylum. Once a person has received refugee status, comes the problem of his rights and obligations which are determinde by a system of international rules. The signing of international treaties which establish and define the basic rules for the protection of political refugees constitute only the first step in a long process which should ultimately lead to better protection of refugees human rights. These basic rules also need to be applied in fact (and not just on paper) and should be felt in every day life through the adoption of appropriate legislation on the national level

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Dritsas, Sophoclis E. « Organisation et gestion du littoral - évaluation des ressources humaines : réfugiés environnementaux et aménagement du territoire en Europe et en Méditerranée : Etudes de cas : La Gironde (L’estuaire) en France et Thessalonique (Les deltas d’Axios-Loudias-Aliakmonas) en Grèce ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0078/document.

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L’objectif de la présente thèse est de proposer un cadre conceptuel d’approche desmouvements de population liés aux risques environnementaux. Depuis une vingtained’années, un ensemble de termes a émergé afin de caractériser ces populations: réfugiésenvironnementaux, éco-réfugiés, réfugiés climatiques, éco- migrant pour ne citer que les plusconnus. La caractérisation et le statut accordé à ces populations sont dépendants de la nature,la force et la rapidité de l’évènement environnemental contribuant à leur déplacement. Il estdonc indispensable de définir des critères précis pour éviter tout risque de confusion etprocéder à de véritables évaluations des flux liés à ces catastrophes. Notre analyse sefocalisera sur les risques liés à la hausse du niveau de la mer: risques de submersion etd’inondation sur le littoral et dans les espaces deltaïques. Face à ces risques croissants, il estimpérieux de mettre en place une «stratégie proactive», basée sur le triptyque protection -prévention et anticipation. Cette stratégie exige au-delà de la délimitation des zonesgéographiques concernées, une quantification et qualification des populations potentiellementtouchées. C’est la conjonction de deux formes de vulnérabilité qui est au coeur de notreproblématique: la vulnérabilité face aux risques d’inondations et la vulnérabilité face à lapression démographique croissante. C’est dans cet esprit que nous étudierons deux zonessoumises au risque d’inondation, l’une en France (Estuaire de la Gironde) et l’autre en Grèce(Deltas d’Axios-Loudias-Aliakmonas en Macédoine Centrale) afin d’estimer l’importanceéventuelle des mouvements de population à l’horizon 2025 et 2050
The present thesis seeks to define a conceptual framework in order to examine the populationmovements related to environmental risks. For about twenty years, several terms haveemerged to describe thedisplaced people such as: environmental refugees, eco-refugees,climate refugees or eco-migrants. The terms and the status attributed to these populations arelargely dependent on the nature, strength and speed of the environmental event contributing totheir displacement. It is therefore necessary to specify the criteria in order to avoid anyconfusion and to be able to assess the physical flows generated by the environmentaldisasters. Our analysis is focused on the risks of submersion and inundation along the coastand in the delta areas associated with rise in the sea levels. In view of these increasing risks, it is absolutely necessary to set up a "proactive strategy", based on the triptych protection -prevention - anticipation. For each type of risk considered, this strategy requires, beyond thedelimitation of the geographical areas concerned, quantification and qualification of thepotentially affected populations. Consequently, the main aspect of our problematic combinestwo types of vulnerability:the firstdue to environmental disasters’ risks such as floods and thesecondto increasing population pressure. Finally, we chose to examine in our study two areashighly subjected to flood risks such as the Gironde estuaryin France and the Axios -Loudias-Aliakmonas Deltas in Central Macedoniain Greece trying to estimate the potential size ofpopulation movements in 2025 and 2050

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Besnaci-Lancou, Fatima. « Les missions du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) pendant la guerre d'Algérie et ses suites (1955-1963) en Algérie, au Maroc et en Tunisie ». Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040229.

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Cette thèse porte sur les missions du Comité international de la Croix Rouge (CICR) pendant la guerre d’Algérie et ses suites. Le CICR intervient, d’une part, dans le cadre de guerres opposant des États et, d’autre part, en cas de conflit armé non international afin de tenter d’assurer le respect des règles humanitaires. Au cours des « évènements » algériens, les arrestations massives de membres et militants du Front de libération nationale (FLN) finissent par saturer les prisons et contribuent à la création de centres d’assignation. Par ailleurs, dès l’indépendance de l’Algérie, des milliers de supplétifs de l’armée française sont internés dans des camps, puis incarcérés pour nombre d’entre eux. L’objectif de ce travail doctoral est l’étude des principales initiatives entreprises par le CICR afin de faire appliquer quelques règles du droit humanitaire aux personnes concernées, pendant les sept années et demi de guérilla et après l’indépendance algérienne. Il est essentiellement question de prisons et de camps d’internement où les délégués contrôlent les conditions matérielles, le traitement et la discipline appliqués aux nationalistes et, plus tard, aux Européens pro-Algérie française arrêtés à partir du début de l’année 1961 ainsi qu’aux anciens supplétifs, de février à août 1963. Il s’agit également d’actions mises en place par le CICR afin d’accéder aux prisonniers français aux mains du FLN. Ce travail aborde également, dans une moindre mesure, diverses actions d’aide humanitaire en direction des populations réfugiées au Maroc ou en Tunisie et des personnes déplacées puis reléguées par l’armée française dans des camps de regroupement
This thesis examines the missions of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) during the Algerian War and its aftermath. The ICRC intervenes both in wars between states and in non-international armed conflicts, in an attempt to ensure the respect of humanitarian rules. During the “events” in Algeria, mass arrests of members and militants of the FLN (Algerian National Liberation Front) led to overcrowding in the prisons and was a factor in the establishment of internment camps. Immediately after independence, thousands of Muslim auxiliaries in the French army were interned in camps; many were subsequently imprisoned. This study looks at the main initiatives taken by the ICRC to ensure that the rules of humanitarian law were applied to the people involved during the seven and a half year of guerrilla warfare and after Algeria’s independence. It focuses on prisons and internment camps in which its delegates inspected material conditions and the treatment and discipline applied to nationalists and, later, to Europeans known to be pro French Algeria, who were arrested from the beginning of 1961, and former auxiliaries, interned between February and August 1963. It also examines initiatives taken by the ICRC to gain access to French prisoners in the hands of the FLN and, to a lesser degree, various humanitarian actions to help refugees in Morocco and Tunisia as well as people forcibly displaced by the French army and grouped together in camps

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Carvallo-Diomandé, Aya Henriette. « L'action humanitaire en cas de catastrophes : droit applicable et limites ». Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3008/document.

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L'action humanitaire a connu un développement exponentiel au sein de la société internationale au cours de ces dernières années. Multiplication des résolutions humanitaires votées par les Nations unies, mise en place d'une justice pénale internationale chargée de réprimer les violations du droit international humanitaire, émergence de la responsabilité de protéger impliquant un recours à la force à des fins humanitaires, développement des organisations non gouvernementales en sont les manifestations majeures. Toutefois, la portée de ces évolutions récentes de l'action humanitaire tant sur le plan de la normativité que de l'opérationnalité est à relativiser. Si les insuffisances du droit de Genève ont pleinement justifié l'émergence d'un droit de New York, ce droit de nature essentiellement déclaratoire éprouve de réelles difficultés à palier les lacunes du droit de Genève. En outre, la mise en oeuvre contemporaine de l'action humanitaire, soulève de nombreux questionnements juridiques liés aux modalités et aux conditions de mise en oeuvre. La présente étude a pour objet d'analyser les évolutions et les limites du cadre juridique de l'action humanitaire afin de faire des propositions pour améliorer la condition juridique des victimes des catastrophes humanitaires
Humanitarian action has seen such an exponential growth in international society in recent years that humanitarianism seems to be carrying increasing weight in international relations. Some of the main examples of this phenomenon are the increased number of humanitarian resolutions passed by the United Nations, the creation of an international court of justice to reprimand violations of international humanitarian law, the emergence of a sense of responsibility to ensure protection by means of force for humanitarian purposes, and the development of non-governmental organizations. However, the scope of these recent developments in humanitarianism, on both the normative and operational levels, needs to be put into perspective. Indeed, while the shortcomings of Geneva law fully justify the emergence of New York law, this essentially declaratory law faces real challenges in overcoming the short comings in Geneva law. Further more, humanitarian action as it has been carried out in recent years gives rise to a number of legal questions relating to the conditions under which such action is taken. This study aims at analyzing the developments and limits of the humanitarian action legal framework, in order to put forward proposals for improving the legal position of the victims of humanitarian disasters

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Suleiman, Lourdes. « Le rôle du droit international dans l'émergence d'un Etat palestinien. Difficultés et limites ». Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30041.

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La communauté internationale et le droit international sont confrontés à un défi majeur : trouver une solution mettant un terme au conflit israélo-palestinien. L’étude du conflit israélo-palestinien à la lumière du droit international montre les nombreuses difficultés relatives à l’émergence d’un Etat palestinien. En effet, ce dernier est une source de violation du droit international du fait notamment des manquements aux droits fondamentaux qui ne cessent de sévir sur ce territoire. Les violations commises à l’encontre du droit international remontent à l’époque du mandat britannique et sont finalement caractérisées par l’impunité des entités qui les ont commises. Cela permet donc de mettre en évidence les lacunes où même les faiblesses du droit international, plus précisément celles de l’ONU qui se trouve en difficultés face à un manquement constant à ces principes et à ces décisions. On a cherché à pallier à cette situation infernale par l’usage de techniques qu’offre le droit international dont l’objectif est de mettre un terme à un conflit. Il existe une technique qui paraît être la plus appropriée pour le conflit israélo-palestinien, il s’agit de la fameuse technique de la négociation. Cependant le processus de paix ayant débuté en 1990 se trouve aujourd’hui presque oublié.Malgré tout cela, la création d’un Etat palestinien se trouve être la base de la solution du conflit israélo-palestinien. Cette présente étude cherche à démontrer, sur la base de la définition de l’Etat selon le droit international, que la Palestine dispose d’une part, d’éléments avérés, mais imparfaits, permettant à cette dernière de constituer un Etat selon le droit international, et d’autre part que cette dernière ne peut accéder au rang d’Etat dans la mesure où certains éléments nécessaires à la constitution d’un État demeurent contestables. Ce qui manque à la Palestine pour se constituer en Etat c’est l’effectivité
The international community and the international law are facing a great challenge: find the solution to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The study of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in light of international law shows many difficulties related to the emergence of a Palestinian state. Indeed, this conflict is a source of violation of international law specifically a violation of human rights that continues to strike in this area. Violations against international law go back to the time of the British mandate and are finally characterized by the impunity towards the entities that have committed them. Therefore, this allows us to highlight the weaknesses of international law, more specifically those of the United Nations that is confronted with the constant breach of its principles and decisions. We have tried to overcome this infernal situation by using the techniques offered by the international law that aims to put an end to a conflict. There is a technique that seems to be the most appropriate for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict known as the negotiation. However, the peace process that began in 1990 is now almost forgotten.Despite all this, the creation of a Palestinian state is the base to the solution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This present study aims to demonstrate, based on the definition of the State under international law, that Palestine has, on one hand, confirmed elements/components that are imperfect, allowing the latter to constitute a State under international law, and on the other, that it can’t achieve statehood to the extent that certain elements necessary for statehood remain questionable. What Palestine is missing is effectiveness

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Fransson, Johanna. « Can social organisations facilitate refugee integration in Sweden ? » Thesis, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-258725.

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KÄMPER, Eckard. « Decision making under risk in organisations : the case of German waste management ». Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5323.

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Defence date: 10 February 1999
Examining board: Prof. Colin Crouch (EUI) ; Prof. Adrienne Héritier (EUI, supervisor) ; Prof. Wolfgang Krohn (Universität Bielefeld) ; Prof. Karl-Heinz Ladeur (EUI)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

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Renda, Sabrina. « Exploring operational Issues in refugees' care and integration process : the case of "SPRAR" project organisations ». Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/22308.

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Several crises in many countries of the world are causing large migratory fluxes towards the most developed countries. The importance of migrants’ reception, acceptance and integration is increasing. The last phase of migration process concerns migrants’ integration, i.e. the process that start with migrants being accepted in the hosting country and end with migrants being completely integrated, i.e. autonomous both from an economic and a social point of view. Since this integration process is being slow and difficult, this research has two main objectives. The first one is to explore all the operations conducted by the organisations involved in the migrants’ integration process; the second one is to investigate about all the organisational factors that may have an impact on the integration process, with the purpose of improving it. Improving the integration process means being able to deliver services that are adequate to satisfy the migrants’ needs and expectations. With this exploratory purpose, two case studies have been conducted, in which two organisations involved in delivering services for migrants’ integration were analysed. At the end of the case studies analysis, a final framework was developed. It was found that the most important factors affecting the migrants’ integration are related to organisational capabilities, practices related to services co-design and co-creation, cooperative networks with other organisations and contextual factors like the social context in which they operate. The theoretical background about cooperative networks and operational improvement programs was crucial in order to identify these organisational factors that affect migrants’ integration.

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(9732908), Sharon Li. « A Psychological Needs Framework for Refugee Integration in the Workplace ». Thesis, 2020.

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In the face of an increasingly pressing refugee crisis, host organizations have become a key context for refugee integration (Bimrose & McNair, 2011). Successful integration is critical to refugees’ well-being. However, our theoretical understanding of this process is still limited. This is partly because research centering on refugees is scarce, and the literature lacks a unifying framework to explain how varied integration practices could address refugee needs. To address this gap, the current study applies self-determination theory (SDT) to systematically understand how organizational practices may support refugees’ autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs. To do so, I examine refugee (vs. non-refugee) perceptions of organizational support helpfulness and explore its underlying processes (e.g., needs deprivation, work centrality). Findings suggest that refugees tend to view autonomy and relatedness practices as especially helpful, and these relationships are mediated through higher work centrality. I conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of the findings for refugee workplace integration.

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Mokay-Rinke, Shiloe Marie. « The Integration of Female Refugees in Germany : Perspectives of Women and an Analysis of Federal and Selected State and City Integration Policies from 1998 to 2019 ». Doctoral thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.25972/OPUS-24304.

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The following study, The Integration of Female Refugees in Germany: Perspectives of Women and an Analysis of Federal and Selected State and City Integration Policies from 1998-2019, is focused on the qualitative analysis of integration policy in Germany regarding female refugees. The states of North Rhine-Westphalia, Bavaria, and Saxony-Anhalt have been selected for this dissertation as well as the cities of Cologne, Wuerzburg, and Magdeburg. Through an analysis and comparison of integration policies and programs on the federal and selected state and city levels the question will be answered how recognized female refugees are taken into account with the development and formulation of integration policy in Germany. The analysis is then complemented through interviews with recognized female refugees in each of the states and cities. Through analyzing the results of the interviews the question will be answered how the women view their situation and integration. Through a comparison of the findings from the policy analysis and the interviews it will then be able to decipher if integration policies and programs are truly reaching their target group, if they are effective, or what hurdles they may be producing. The goal of the study is to provide initial findings on the overall integration of recognized female refugees in Germany in connection to integration policies in order to discover potential deficits or ineffective programs and policies which can then be further researched in order to produce concrete policy suggestions
Die vorliegende Arbeit – Die Integration geflüchteter Frauen in Deutschland: Sichtweisen der Betroffenen und eine Analyse der Integrationspolitik des Bundes und ausgewählter Bundesländer und Städte zwischen 1998 und 2019 – analysiert qualitativ die Integrationspolitik Deutschlands bezüglich geflüchteter Frauen. Neben der Bundesebene wurden für eine Analyse auf Landesebene Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bayern und Sachsen-Anhalt sowie auf kommunaler Ebene Köln, Würzburg und Magdeburg beispielhaft untersucht. Durch diesen Vergleich von Gesetzen, Richtlinien und Programmen wird die Frage beantwortet, wie anerkannte geflüchtete Frauen und deren Perspektive bei der Ausgestaltung von Integrationsstrategien berücksichtigt werden. Die Analyse wird vervollständigt durch die Ergebnisse von Interviews mit anerkannten geflüchteten Frauen in den untersuchten Städten und Bundesländern. Dadurch wird die Frage beantwortet, wie die Betroffenen selbst ihren Integrationserfolg und ihre derzeitige Situation einschätzen. Durch einen Vergleich der Ergebnisse der Analyse der Integrationspolitik und der Ergebnisse der Interviews wird dann eine Einschätzung ermöglicht, inwiefern die Ansätze der Integrationspolitik tatsächlich den Bedürfnissen der Zielgruppe entsprechen, ob sie effektiv sind oder welche Schwierigkeiten sie den Betroffenen bereiten können. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, erste Einblicke zu gewinnen darüber, wie ziel- oder irreführend die bisherigen Ansätze und Richtlinien für die Integration anerkannter geflüchteter Frauen sind. Darauf aufbauend könnten folgende Studien sich verstärkt mit dem Thema beschäftigen, um letztendlich konkrete Vorschläge für eine effektivere Integrationspolitik hervorbringen zu können

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Goff, Jennifer. « The role of voluntary participatory organisations in sustainable development : a case study of the Hammarsdale Waste Minimisation Club ». Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5295.

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In the postmodern era, the industrial sector faces a number of pressures. These pressures include keeping within the new and stricter laws, avoiding the stricter penalties in terms of finances and legal penalties, avoiding bad publicity that occurs through bad environmental action and responding to pressure groups and public concern, including industry's own work force (Stapleton, 1996). Industry can respond to these pressures to become involved in efforts to 'green' their activities, for example. introducing waste minimisation practices into production. To this end, the Pollution Research Group of the University of Natal, Durban was instrumental in developing the Hammarsdale Waste Minimisation Club early in 1999. Since its inauguration, this Club has been active in two primary spheres, namely, the implementation of waste minimisation into the industrial processes of member companies and the building of capacity of a range of employees of member companies. This thesis provides a case study of the Hammarsdale Waste Minimisation Club in an attempt to assess the role of voluntary participatory organisations in sustainable development. This study of the role of voluntary participatory organisations in sustainable development has taken place within the context of waste minimisation, waste minimisation clubs, and the specific characteristics of the Hammarsdale Industrial Complex and the regulatory context of South Africa. A combination of geographical and social theory has been used to study the characteristics of the Hammarsdale Waste Minimisation Club. Four bodies of literature have been drawn together to form a conceptual framework through which the case study can be analysed and understood. These bodies of literature cover the characteristics of postmodernism, the paradigm of sustainable development, social theory regarding civil society and social movements (including the environmental movement) and the impact of locality on activities. Primary data for this study has been gathered through the use of participant observation and semi-structured interviewing techniques. The theoretical framework has played an important role in a process of qualitative data analysis and interpretation that aimed to establish answers to the research questions generated in this study. Analysis of the Hammarsdale Waste Minimisation Club as a voluntary participatory organisation has revealed that these organisations do play a role in the achievement of sustainable development in two ways. Firstly, through the way in which they are organised and secondly, through the activities in which members of the organisation engage. The case of the Hammarsdale Waste Minimisation Club, the Club has been organised in such a way as to promote the implementation of waste minimisation and to provide capacity building as extensively as possible. One important characteristic of the Hammarsdale Waste Minimisation Club is the strong sense of mutual support and community that has developed. These relationships enable the organisation to contribute to sustainable development as they facilitate the participation and procedural equity necessary to the achievement of sustainable development. Despite this, the organisational structure of the Club can be seen to have some weaknesses. For example, the failure to develop a constitution and the high level of dependency on the groups of professionals in the Club which has lead to the need for motivation and leadership. It is possible that these weaknesses may lead to the decline of activities in the organisation or demise of the Hammarsdale Waste Minimisation Club in the long-term, thus inhibiting the role of the Club in sustainable development. By comparison, the waste minimisation implementation and capacity building activities of the Hammarsdale Waste Minimisation Club enable the Club to make a direct contribution to sustainable development. The implementation of waste minimisation enables industry to become more efficient thus reducing its impact on the environment. Furthermore, capacity building has created a greater awareness of environmental matters while equipping employees of member companies with the skills to carry out waste minimisation for the benefit or the environment. Thus these activities can contribute to sustainable development through the increased care of local ecosystems and a reduction of the impact of industry on this natural environment. Through these findings, this study proposes that if voluntary participatory organisations can be organised to provide a long-term motivational and facilitative framework through which activities that contribute to sustainable development can take place, then these organisations have an important role to play in bringing about on-the-ground changes which can lead ultimately to the achievement of sustainable development. Contrary to this, if care is not taken to create a voluntary participatory organisation that will be sustainable itself, the potential role of the organisation in sustainable development is reduced. Notably, these findings are reliant on the investigation of one case study. It is suggested that further examinations of a wide range of voluntary participatory organisations would enhance these findings by creating a more general picture.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.

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Mádlová, Tereza. « Situace srbských uprchlíků z Chorvatska a Bosny a Hercegoviny v Srbsku (2002 - 2012) : Případová studie Grupa 484 ». Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-339607.

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This work deals with Serbian refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, who had gone to Serbia under the pressure of events taking place in the Balkans in the first half of the 90th years. Their number reached over 500,000. Initially, the state was paralyzed by internal social, political and economic problems. After 2000, the fall of Slobodan Milosevic's regime, the new government began to actively address the issue of refugees. They were looking for a concept that would best solve their situation. Finally in 2002, they found the way and defined the specific objectives of the government's in National Strategy for dealing with refugees and internally displaced persons. The returns to the country of origin that was expected to be the main solution did not accomplish according to plan, therefore, the government decided to focus on the integration of refugees into Serbian society. During the period 2002-2012 Serbia has managed to stabilize the situation and to drastically reduce the number of refugees. High influence should be admitted also to nonprofit sector. The paper pointed out this fact. Case study analyzes the activity of Grupa 484, which dealt with the issue of the refugees from the very beginning and its work has had an impact on the solution of the refugee situation in Serbia.

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Corfield, Sophia. « Negotiating existence : asylum seekers in East Anglia, UK ». 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/49026.

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This ethnographic study of asylum seekers in East Anglia, UK, poses the following questions: how do asylum seekers adapt, cope and adjust to life in the UK when their future is so uncertain? To what extent do people seeking asylum relate to an asylum seeker identity? How do asylum seekers negotiate interactions with others as they await an outcome to their application for asylum? This study explores these questions in an effort to gain insight into the role of identity reconstruction during the process of asylum seeking. This thesis is based on twelve months of fieldwork in the towns of Norwich and Great Yarmouth, and to a lesser extent in Peterborough and London, where asylum seekers had been dispersed by either the London Boroughs or the Home Office’s NASS (National Asylum Support Service). During 2002 and 2003, I conducted fieldwork amongst asylum seekers, as well as amongst support workers working for various NGOs that offered a number of support services for asylum seekers. The focus on asylum seekers’ speech-acts is a method to observe the primary form of social action by which asylum seekers articulate a shared place, liminal immigration system and interaction with others. These elements shape asylum seekers’ identity in the UK. Consequently, asylum seekers’ predicament can be understood as a movement through the immigration system, but also an existential movement as each person tries to negotiate their existence.
http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1331561
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2008

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