Bibliographies thématiques / Reform of Contract law

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Reform of Contract law »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 25 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Reform of Contract law"

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Grau, Juan Bataller. « Reform of Insurance Contract Law ». European Journal of Commercial Contract Law 3, no 1 (1 janvier 2011) : 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/ejccl_2011_01_02.

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Koch, Robert. « German Reform of Insurance Contract Law ». European Journal of Commercial Contract Law 2, no 3 (1 juillet 2010) : 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/ejccl_2010_03_02.

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Lorenz, Werner. « Reform of the German Law of Breach of Contract ». Edinburgh Law Review 1, no 3 (mai 1997) : 317–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.1997.1.3.317.

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This paper, first presented on 21 October 1995 at a joint seminar of the Scottish Law Commission and the Faculty of Law, University of Edinburgh, on the subject of breach of contract, considers the proposed reforms of German law in this area. The paper first surveys some of the problems of the existing law, highlighting its lack of a unitary concept of breach, gaps with regard to liability for breach of pre-contractual duties and contract modification owing to change of circumstances, difficulties arising from the special treatment of sales contracts and contracts for work and labour, and the mutual exclusivity of rescission and damages. Many difficulties arise from the operation of the law of prescription in the field. It is observed that the Vienna Convention on International Sales of Goods was ratified by Germany in 1991, making it desirable for reform to be consistent with the Convention. The reform proposals put forward in 1992 include a unitary concept of breach, modification of the fault principle, priority for specific implement, adjustment of the rules on termination to permit cumulation with damages and restitution, and changes with regard to the law of sales and contracts for work and labour. If implemented these will bring the German Civil Code into line with case-law developments as well as those in the international law of sales.
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Downe, Alexis. « THE REFORM OF FRENCH CONTRACT LAW : A CRITICAL OVERVIEW ». Revista da Faculdade de Direito UFPR 61, no 1 (29 avril 2016) : 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rfdufpr.v61i1.46003.

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Since the Napoleonic Code of 1804 we have seen republics, monarchies and empires coming and going; local and world wars; revolutions, from the industrial to the informational; and our society has moved from an economy based on agriculture to one open to the world, based on tertiary services. In all this time, French contract law has been able to stay up and keep up to date with the many changes in society, thanks to the judicial interpretation of the various articles of the French civil code and the generality of its articles. There have been many previous attempts to reform French contract law but its principles, forged in 1804, have escaped unscathed, except for certain transpositions of European directives. This article focuses on an academic point of view with regards the reforms to the French civil code that will bring private contract law into line with modern international standards. This is the first step in a series of broader changes the government is making to the French law of obligations. This reform is said to have both adapted and revolutionised French contract law and merits scholarly attention.
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Latifiani, Dian. « RENEWAL OF THE NATIONAL CONTRACT LAW ». Jurnal Hukum Progresif 8, no 2 (30 octobre 2020) : 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jhp.8.2.137-150.

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The development of transactions/contracts in Indonesia and the world is developing very rapidly. Meanwhile, Indonesian contract law is sourced from the Civil Code Book III. The Dutch colonial-made Burgerlijk Wetboek did not yet regulate national and international contracts which had undergone development. Indonesian values also do not exist in book III. So it is necessary to have contract law renewal based on the values of Pancasila. The problem discussed in this paper is how to reform the national contract law. The urgency for renewal is carried out to support the 2005-2025 National RPJP, namely "The development of legal materials/substances is directed to continue the renewal of legal products to replace colonial legacy laws to reflect the social values and interests of the Indonesian people". The juridical normative writing method is used to assess the value of the renewal of the national contract law. Renewal begins with the preparation of an academic paper. Updates are carried out with open partial codification, not closed. The reforms contain Pancasila values, are designed as a sub-codification of engagement law, and are designed to lay the foundation for contract law in Indonesia.
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Yuanjian, Zhai. « Chinese Contract Law and the Economic Reform ». Transition Studies Review 16, no 2 (29 avril 2009) : 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11300-009-0074-1.

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FAUVARQUE-COSSON, BÉNÉDICTE, et FRANÇOIS ANCEL. « Is Renovating the General Law of Contracts Useful ? The French Experience ». Право України, no 2019/03 (2019) : 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.33498/louu-2019-03-220.

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The ordonnance of 10 February 2016 for the reform of contract law, of the general regime and of proof of obligations came into force on 1 October 2016. Further changes were made by the legislator in 2018. This reform modifies one of the most important part of the Code civil: the provisions on contracts and obligations The reform aims at giving more accessibility and clarity to French contract law, and it undeniably has already made it more attractive internationally. In this paper, we explain why, in an international world where contracting parties can chose the law applicable to their contract, we believe that a codified law is very important to overcome the void left by the contract and to resolve the difficulties that have arisen during its existence. Besides, it brings legal certainty, accessibility and visibility. We also explain why we think that a modern general law of contracts is a unique opportunity to propose a base of legal provisions considered as “minimal” and to affirm a specific legal policy. If it is clear, that practitioners and judges should not conceive contract law as the expression of a contractual public order (ordre public contractuel), it is sometimes difficult to know to what extent contracting parties can set aside some provisions of the governing law. Finally, we explain how, after having been for nearly two centuries the instruments of a certain legal nationalism, national codifications have become the cement of European private law. Indeed, the French contract law reform, which was built on the diversity of Europe, drew much inspiration from various European and international models. In turn, it has attracted a great deal of interest abroad, was translated into several languages and is extensively commented.
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Ubochioma, Wiseman. « Pre-incorporation contract : A comparative analysis of the Canadian and Nigerian corporate law regimes ». Corporate Law and Governance Review 3, no 1 (2021) : 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/clgrv3i1p3.

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The question of how best to protect the interests of a promoter, a third party, and a company in pre-incorporation contracts is one that seems to have defied corporate law. Although this problem has its origin in common law, various countries have made efforts to address it through statutory reforms. The paper, therefore, examines the extent to which the Canadian and Nigerian legal regimes for the pre-incorporation contract have provided panaceas to the problem. This paper, through a comparative analysis, argues that although the legal regimes have made efforts to reform the common law rule on pre-incorporation contracts, they suffer patent defects. It also posits that notwithstanding the defects in the laws, the Canadian legal regimes offer more protection to parties to pre-incorporation contracts than Nigerian law. The paper suggests reforms in both regimes that would meet the reasonable expectations of the parties to a pre incorporation contract
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MacQueen, H. « Contract law reform : Legislators or judges – or both ? » Acta Juridica 2021 (2021) : 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/acta/2021/a3.

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This essay pursues a theme identified by Dale Hutchison – judges’ use of their technical expertise to achieve creativity in law – and asks how far that may be relied upon by law reform bodies, such as the Law Commissions in the United Kingdom. The question is whether such bodies should take account of means other than legislation for having their recommendations put into effect. It is suggested that, while law reform bodies should be fully aware that their published work is a source of information, ideas and arguments for practitioners and judges which may contribute to the judicial development of the law, they should address themselves only to government and the legislature.
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Oldham, James. « A Profusion of Chancery Reform ». Law and History Review 22, no 3 (2004) : 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4141691.

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The refrain that law and equity cannot peaceably cohabit the same court is familiar and persistent. In his 1790 treatise on contracts, Joseph Powell protested that blending law and equity was “subversive of first principles.” He claimed, “That a right in itself purely legal cannot be the proper subject of discussion in a jurisdiction purely equitable, and that a right purely equitable, cannot be the proper subject of a purely legal jurisdiction, are axioms that cannot be denied,” adding for good measure: “It is a proposition as self-evident as that black is not red, or white black.” Almost two centuries later, in a provocative 1974 essay called The Death of Contract, Grant Gilmore asserted that the legal doctrine of consideration in contract law and the equitable doctrine of promissory estoppel were like “matter and anti-matter,” and “The one thing that is clear is that these two contradictory propositions cannot live comfortably together: in the end one must swallow the other up.”
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Thèses sur le sujet "Reform of Contract law"

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Cabrillac, Rémy. « The new french law on contract ». THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123873.

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The French Civil Code on contract law was not renewed since 1804, so law enforcement was questioned due to it was not adapted to the requirements in a globalized world, and the constant economic and socia lchanges. In this article, the author analyzes the implications of the reform of contract law in France, which was influenced by two drafts. This reform has two characteristic features, which are the economic and social needs. About the first point –the economic needs–, these are evident in the contractual organization and flexibility. On the second point –the social needs–, these are evident in the protection of the weaker party, and the application of the theory of improvidence. In this way, contract law adapts to the demands of the twenty-first century.
El derecho de los contratos del Código Civil francés no fue renovado desde 1804, por lo que su aplicación fue cuestionada al no poder adaptarse a las exigencias características de un mundo globalizado y acediado por constantes cambios económicos y sociales.En el presente artículo, el autor analiza las implicancias de la reforma del derecho de los contratos en Francia, el cual fue influenciado por dos anteproyectos. Dicha reforma contiene dos rasgos característicos que se manifiestan en las necesidades económicas y sociales de los contratos. Respecto al primer rasgo, este se evidencia en la organización y flexibilidad contractual; mientras que el segundo, en la protección a la parte más debil y la aplicación de la teoría de la imprevisión. De esta forma, el derecho de los contratos se adapta a las exigencias del siglo XXI.
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Han, YongQiang. « The relevance of Adams and Brownsword's Theory of contract law ideologies to insurance contract law reform : an interpretative and evaluative approach ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=201899.

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This thesis approaches key areas of insurance contract law and their reform from the perspective of Adams and Brownsword’s theory of contract law ideologies. Pursuant to this theory, there are two layers of ideologies underlying contract law. One is the formalist versus realist judicial approaches. The other is that the realist approach being broken down into two limbs, namely market-individualism and consumer-welfarism in contract law. The theory of contract law ideologies is relevant to insurance contract law, because there is substantiated homogeneity between general contract law and insurance contract law, and the relevance consists in the theory’s usefulness both as an interpretive framework and as an evaluative standard. Specifically, from that particular ideological perspective, the thesis interprets the law of disclosure and warranty in insurance, of the requirement of insurable interest, and of the legal rules for insurance payment. Under the theory of contract law ideologies as an interpretative framework, the current law of insurance as far as those three key areas are concerned is found to be much more formalist than realist. The thesis also evaluates the core proposals tentatively put forward by the Law Commission and the Scottish Law Commission for reform in those key areas of insurance contract law. From the theory of contract law ideologies, it can be derived an evaluative standard that, for law reform through legislation, the realist approach is more preferable, and market-individualism should prevail in business insurance whereas consumer-welfarism should prevail in consumer insurance. By this standard, most of the core tentative proposals by the two Law Commissions for reform in the law of disclosure in business insurance and of warranties in insurance are realist and therefore desirable, but two of the proposals need to be amended. The recent proposals in 2011 to retain the requirement of insurable interest are not realist and instead it is better to return to the proposals in 2008. Among the proposals regarding the legal rules of insurance payment, the Scottish approach is preferable for its realist re-characterization of insurers’ primary contractual obligation.
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Ballard, Martha Alicia Castenada. « The reform of insurance contract law for the protection of the consumer ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275941.

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Al-Anzy, Sami. « Unfair contract terms under the Kuwaiti Civil Code : a critical analysis and suggestions for reform ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5452/.

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The fundamental aim of this doctoral thesis is to appraise the protection model critically against unfair contract terms in Kuwait and propose solutions for its reform. The thesis examines the Kuwaiti Civil Code (KCC) provisions that regulate unfair terms in the context of the standard form of contracts (i.e., adhesion) and relevant case law. It primarily seeks to address two main issues: (i) why the Kuwaiti control model for the protection against unfair terms has failed and (ii) how it can be reformed. It argues that the existing control model has failed considerably in providing adhering parties with an adequate level of protection for two reasons. First, the regulation of unfair terms in the context of adhesion contracts is fraught with ambiguities and legal lacunae that render it flawed and ineffective. Second, the courts’ restrictive interpretation of what constitutes an adhesion has limited the protection to only a few types of contracts. The thesis explores how the protection model can be overhauled and, where relevant, uses European Union Council Directive 93/13/EEC on Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts as a normative framework to offer proposals for law reform. To achieve this end, the thesis is divided into an introduction, five chapters, and a conclusion. It starts with a brief introduction, focusing mainly on the statement of the problem, motivation for the research, research objectives and methodology. Chapter one seeks to explore whether, in the light of the statutory deficiency, the general principles of contract law can be employed to counter unfair terms. The aim is to confirm the main hypothesis of the thesis and explain why legislative intervention is needed. Chapter two deals with the scope of protection and discusses the notion of adhesion contracts, their regulation in the KCC and how they have been interpreted by the courts. Chapter three explores the connotations of the concept of unfair terms and seeks to determine whether the ambiguous concept of contractual unfairness can be explained with reference to the theory of abuse of rights. Chapter four assesses the court’s role in disputes involving unfair terms. Chapter five highlights the need to introduce a parallel enforcement mechanism and suggests the establishment of a public body entrusted with the task of eliminating unfair terms from the market. The final segment of the study presents concluding remarks and suggests recommendations for law reform.
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Grimm, Wesley Martin. « Key legal consequences of expropriation of land without compensation ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77308.

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There is an urgent need and constitutional imperative to expedite land reform in South Africa to maintain peace and stability. Against this backdrop, the Presidential Advisory Panel on Land Reform and Agriculture ("the Panel"), in its Final Report dated 4 May 2019, gave input on a proposed constitutional amendment that would permit expropriation of land without compensation ("EWC") to take place in South Africa. Taking the Panel's work into account, Parliament then gazetted a Bill setting out proposed amendments to section 25 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 ("the Constitution"). Significantly, the proposed Bill contemplates the first ever amendments to the Bill of Rights in the Constitution since the dawn of democracy in South Africa. Although the proposed Bill and its associated draft, enabling legislation have put in motion the process to introduce EWC in South Africa, it is uncertain what the key legal consequences of doing so will be. It is particularly uncertain what the key legal consequences of introducing EWC in South Africa will be in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on South Africa's economy. This dissertation addresses what some of the key legal consequences of EWC will be. It highlights the myriad of procedural and substantive constitutional legal challenges that await the proposed Bill and its associated enabling legislation. It then analyses the impact of EWC on common law property rights and the law of contract before addressing the impact of EWC on lenders and borrowers where a mortgaged property is the target of an EWC process. Finally, this dissertation addresses the potentially significant and unintended tax consequences that EWC will have on taxpayers and the fiscus and which may, in fact, benefit some of South Africa's wealthiest land owners.
Mini-dissertation (LLM (Mercantile Law))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Mercantile Law
LLM (Mercantile Law)
Unrestricted
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AlGhafri, Abdulla M. A. « The inadequacy of consumer protection in the UAE : the need for reform ». Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7691.

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This thesis addresses the consumer protection regime in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) against damages posed by defective industrial products, unfair business practices and misleading advertising. Nowadays, unfair and deceptive practices such as the selling of defective or sub-standard goods, the charging of exorbitant prices, misrepresentation of the efficacy or usefulness of goods, and negligence as to safety standards have become rampant. Accordingly, it has become necessary to promote the development and refinement of statutory measures, even in developed countries, to make producers/traders more accountable to consumers. This thesis examines the legal grounds on which consumer protection stands within the newly enacted legal framework for consumer protection in the UAE. In addition, this thesis elaborates upon relevant regulations provided by UAE legislators as well as related laws in selected Arab countries. It further investigates the adequacy of administrative authorities’ measures in the UAE, and explains whether respective administrative rules are capable of compensating consumers for material and physical damages incurred. It also explores the inadequacies of the administration’s measures and rules, and highlights the importance of integration between administrative bodies in achieving a sufficient level of protection for consumers. The findings of this thesis are based on a detailed review of specific issues in consumer protection models in the Shari’a law and the United Kingdom (UK) model. Thus, it will refer to solutions devised by Islamic Shari’a law and the UK legal system to provide more comprehensive protection to consumers and strengthen their position in relation to that of traders. The study suggests that there is a need to amend the consumer protection in the UAE. It indicates a need for the unified, effective and meaningful implementation of consumer protection legal and administrative procedures in the UAE, and emphasizes that the non-governmental consumer protection association must be given a wider and legal role in supporting the governmental bodies. These findings may help in improving the current consumer protection regime in the UAE as well as reducing infringements committed by traders. This thesis concludes by making recommendations for drafting a comprehensive set of rules in the UAE in the hopes that such recommendations will contribute effectively toward the development of a consumer protection regime in the UAE.
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Abrishami, Ali Moghaddam. « How to modernise formation of contract rules in Iranian law : proposals for reform of Iranian Civil Code from comparative perspective of English and uniform law ». Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498531.

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Guichon, Juliet Ruth. « An examination and critique of the contract model of legal regulation of preconception arrangements and an alternative proposal for law reform in Ontario ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ28107.pdf.

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Maisonnat, Bérangère. « Etude sur le renouvellement normatif du droit des contrats ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020091.

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L’étude du renouvellement normatif du droit des contrats conduit à présenter le phénomène avant d’envisager sa portée. En premier lieu, ce phénomène est aisément observable et met en évidence deux crises : une « crise de croissance » et une « crise de normativité ». Toutes deux confirment une tendance à l’instrumentalisation des normes qui se veulent désormais harmonisatrices, protectrices, modèles ou encore persuasives. La part de nouveauté réside dans leur texture, leur élaboration ou encore leur mise en œuvre. Et les difficultés engendrées par ce renouvellement concernent l’articulation des diverses normes qui régissent le droit des contrats, ainsi que leur intégration au sein de l’ordre juridique interne.En second lieu, il s’agit de se questionner sur l’intérêt et l’influence de ce renouvellement à travers sa capacité à produire des effets sur le modèle contractuel. Au regard de la récente réforme, le renouvellement normatif a vraisemblablement participé à la modernisation du Code civil puisque des mouvements convergents vers la souplesse contractuelle et la sécurité juridique sont observés. Cependant, la limite des effets de ce renouvellement apparaît car il ne provoque pas une modélisation du droit des contrats qui permettrait de maintenir une cohérence malgré les transformations majeures à l’œuvre en la matière
The study of the normative renewal of contract law requires a general presentation of the phenomenon before taking an in-depth look at its impact. Firstly, this phenomenon is easily noticeable and calls attention to two crisis : a “growth crisis” and a “normative crisis”. Both highlight a tendency to exploit norms by making them instruments of harmonization, protection, standardization or persuasion. The innovation comes from their substance, their elaboration or their enforcement, however, the articulation of the various contract law norms and their integration within the domestic legal order raise many issues that need to be addressed. Secondly, this renewal’s potentiality to influence and impact contractual models needs to be questioned. Taking the recent reform into account, it seems that the normative renewal has taken a major role in the modernization of the Civil code. Indeed, converging movements towards both contractual flexibility and legal security are visible. However, this normative renewal movement is still unable to promote a modelling of contract law that would allow it to maintain its coherence in spite of the major transformations taking place. As such, the normative renewal of contract law shows its limits
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Stricker, Bette Eckard. « The effects of Department of Defense acquisition reform on women-owned small businesses and small disadvantaged businesses ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FStricker.pdf.

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Livres sur le sujet "Reform of Contract law"

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Tort reform by contract. Washington, D.C : AEI Press, 1993.

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Rubin, Paul H. Tort reform by contract. Washington, D.C : AEI Press, 1993.

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New Zealand. Law Commission. Contract statutes review. Wellington, N.Z : The Commission, 1993.

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Contract : A critical commentary. London : Pluto Press, 1996.

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Commission, Ontario Law Reform. Report on Amendment of the Law of Contract : Ontario Law Reform Commission. S.l : s.n, 1987.

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Commission, Great Britain Law. Privity of contract : Contracts for the benefit of third parties : item 1 of the sixth programme of law reform--the law of contract. London : HMSO, 1996.

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Heidemann, Maren, et Joseph Lee, dir. The Future of the Commercial Contract in Scholarship and Law Reform. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95969-6.

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Thilo, Ramm, dir. Entwürfe zu einem deutschen Arbeitsvertragsgesetz : Mit dem Arbeitsgesetzbuch der DDR von 1990 und dem österreichischen Entwurf einer Teilkodifikation des Arbeitsrechts von 1960. Frankfurt am Main : Keip, 1992.

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González, Ricardo O. Flexibilización laboral y régimen de contrato de trabajo. Buenso Aires : Ediciones Depalma, 1995.

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Cohabitation contracts, extra-marital partnerships, and law reform. Aldershot, Hants, England : Gower, 1985.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Reform of Contract law"

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Eggers, Peter Macdonald, et Sir Simon Picken. « Law reform ». Dans Good Faith and Insurance Contracts, 119–38. Fourth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York : Informa Law from Routledge, 2018. | Series : Lloyd’s insurance law library : Informa Law from Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271088-5.

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Andenas, Mads. « Commercial Law, Investor Protection, EU and Domestic Law ». Dans The Future of the Commercial Contract in Scholarship and Law Reform, 437–71. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95969-6_17.

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Painter, Richard W. « Ethics in the Age of Un-Incorporation : A Return to Ambiguity of Pre-Incorporation or an Opportunity to Contract for Clarity ». Dans Private Company Law Reform, 297–309. The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-477-6_12.

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Pédamon, Catherine. « The New French Contract Law and Its Impact on Commercial Law : Good Faith, Unfair Contract Terms and Hardship ». Dans The Future of the Commercial Contract in Scholarship and Law Reform, 99–126. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95969-6_5.

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D’Alvia, Daniele. « From Public Law to Private Law : The Remarkable Story of bona fides ». Dans The Future of the Commercial Contract in Scholarship and Law Reform, 343–68. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95969-6_13.

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« Note on Reform ». Dans Scottish Contract Law Essentials, 133–34. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781474405928-011.

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Liau, Timothy. « Contract ». Dans Standing in Private Law, 101—C6N72. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192869661.003.0006.

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Abstract In this chapter it is shown how, within contract law doctrine, loose reasoning about ‘third-party rights’ and ‘rights to enforce’ has elided the concepts of standing, primary rights to contractual performance, and secondary rights to damages for breach of contract. This has inhibited our understanding of privity and obscured what is truly at stake. Privity, it is argued, is more complex than commonly assumed. It is not a singular doctrine. Rather, it has multiple aspects. Thus, appeals to an idea of ‘privity’ are often references to an ambiguous cluster of several superficially similar but distinct component rules. One of these is a cautionary rule concerning the acquisition or formation of primary rights to contractual performance. Another is a rule about damages for breach of contract (and their direction). Yet another is, significantly, a standing rule. This complexity, having gone unnoticed, contributed to a missed dimension in the debate over privity and its English reform. A less drastic reform alternative—third-party standing—was not considered.
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Rowan, Solène. « Concluding Remarks ». Dans The New French Law of Contract, 255—C11.N24. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810872.003.0011.

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Abstract This chapter provides the concluding remarks of The New French Law of Contract. The Civil Code reform of the contract law section was supposed to mark the new era following the 1804 Code. The reform includes a contemporary framework for contractual relationships in line with the challenges of the globalising era. The reforms’ objectives range from updating and making the Civil Code more accessible, commercially attractive, competitive and predictable. Additionally, numerous innovations were introduced in the reforms to appeal to more commercial parties. French contract laws always adopted common law jurisdictions with more morality. The chapter then explains how the reforms achieve a striking rapprochement with international contract law instruments.
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CRETNEY, STEPHEN. « * Adoption—from Contract to Status ? » Dans Law, Law Reform and the Family, 184–202. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198268710.003.0008.

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Liau, Timothy. « Contract ». Dans Standing in Private Law, 117—C7N157. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192869661.003.0007.

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Abstract This chapter demonstrates the doctrinal plausibility and justifiability of the reform alternative introduced in the previous chapter—third-party standing—the road not taken by English law. It is shown how third-party standing would have elegantly solved the main problem cases motivating enactment of the Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999: (i) debts; (ii) exemption clauses; and (iii) damages. In each these of cases, simply giving the third party a power to enforce the promisee’s rights would have sufficed. So, if one party to a contract has agreed to pay a third party a sum of money, simply giving them a power of enforcement will enable them to compel payment of this sum to them. Similarly, if one party has promised not to sue a third party or has promised to limit their liability to suit to a specified sum, all the third party needs to stop or limit that suit is a power to enforce that promise. Upon breach of contract, a third-party beneficiary might suffer consequential losses. To recover a sum representing that loss, all the third party needs is a power to enforce the promisee’s right to damages for the third-party’s consequential loss under the doctrine of ‘transferred loss’, which he can simultaneously enforce alongside the promisee’s duty to account to him in respect of its proceeds. It is also argued that the justifications raised for privity reform are better treated as justifications for extending standing, rather than rights, to third parties.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Reform of Contract law"

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« On the Course Reform Construction of Network Teaching Mode of Contract Law ». Dans 2018 3rd International Social Sciences and Education Conference. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/issec.2018.118.

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Jelinić, Srećko. « Uslužno pravo – potvrda stvaranja i vrijednosti daljnjeg oblikovanja i razvoja ». Dans XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.039j.

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The author starts from the thesis about the service contract as a special type of contract, which, in his opinion, points to the inevitable application of general contract law and to these contracts, too. Knowledge of this type of contract law and of general contract law are of extremely important today. The author refers in his work to two types of contracts of services. One is a credit agreement with the use of a currency clause and the conversion of one currency to another, with a tendency to maintain a contract in force as a whole. The another example is an agreement on the use of electronic communications services in case of unilateral change of charge for the use of the service (to higher amount, by the operator). Legislative activity, as it seems, does not always follow the expectations of service users, and so it has been with credit users on a particular issue, but also with users of electronic communications services. The importance and control of general business conditions in the field of service provision are emphasized.
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Butorac Malnar, Vlatka, Mihaela Braut Filipović et Antonija Zubović. « RETHINKING UNFAIR TRADING PRACTICES IN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN : THE CROATIAN PERSPECTIVE ». Dans International Jean Monnet Module Conference of EU and Comparative Competition Law Issues "Competition Law (in Pandemic Times) : Challenges and Reforms. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18812.

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In recent years, the need for a systematic and harmonised way of preventing unfair trading practices (hereinafter UTPs) in the food supply chain has intensified at the European level due to many diverging national legislative solutions. These efforts resulted in the Directive 2019/633 on unfair trading practices (UTPs) in business-to-business relationships in the agricultural and food supply chain. Croatian UTPs Act, enacted already in 2017, was just amended to conform with the requirements of the named Directive. Generally speaking, the UTPs Act sets out rules and measures to prevent the imposition of UTPs in the food supply chain, establishes the list of such practices and sets up the enforcement structure and sanctions. Comparing the Directive to the UTPs Act, the authors discuss the outcome of the transposition pointing to the incorrect scope of application of the national legislation, its potential consequences and de lege ferenda solutions. Further, the authors anlyse the legal nature of the adopted UTPs system concluding that it does not fit into the traditional systematisation of laws jeopardising the coherency of the intricate and complex relationship between relating legislative frameworks. New rules are diverging and overlapping with both competition and contract law, leading to possible undesirable spill over effects in contract law, and unresolved concurring competence with competition law. Authors suggest precautionary interpretative measures as a means of solving the identified legal conundrum.
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Topaloğlu, Mustafa. « Avoidance of the Contract at International Sales of Goods ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01258.

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Avoidance the Contract is a kind of legal system arrangement which is adopted as a private law enforcement applied effortlessly, in the context of not to be performed delivery of goods in accordance with the contract. Merely, International Tendency in 20th century have fronted that avoidance of the contract is the “ultimum remedium” in the case of any breach of the contract. In several of modern sale law systems, for instance in German Law and Scandinavian Law systems, avoidance of the contract is a process which should be applied in the case of other enforcements are inadequate. The “Convention on International Sale of Goods (CISG)” which has stipulated the same solution way, has an important role in the formation of this modern tendency mentioned below. In accordance with the CISG enforcement of avoidance of the contract shall be exercised in the case of essential breach of the contract. Besides, In case of insubstantial breaches, the buyer is enabled to refer a possibility “the avoidance of the contract” as if the breach is a kind of material breach of the contract by giving additional period to the seller who the party in breach. Despite the additional period of time fixed him, in the case of the seller does not perform delivery of the goods the buyer shall have the right to avoidance of the contract.
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Özkan, Almıla, et Ayşe Sena Aksakallı. « Transfer of Risk of Loss in Turkish Law and International Treaties ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02381.

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The risk of loss refers to the value of the goods that were damaged or destroyed without responsibilities of any party. While the matter of risk of loss differs from legal systems to legal systems, it has been subject to international treaties as well. In Turkish legal system, the abrogated Code of Obligation and Turkish Code of Obligations have different features in terms of transfer of risk of loss. According to abrogated Code of Obligation, the buyer is responsible for the value of the damaged goods as soon as the parties sign the contract. In Turkish Code of Obligations, the seller bears the risk of loss until the delivery of goods or registration. Turkish Code of Obligation is compatible with civil law. And abrogated Code of Obligation is compatible with common law system. There are rules regarding transfer of risk of loss in many international treaties. By the way, it must be stated that rules of transfer of risk of loss in Vienna Convention are compatible with Turkish Code of Obligations.
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Barbosa, Fábio C. « Brazilian Freight Rail Concessions Overview : Current Outcomes and Perspectives ». Dans 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1237.

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The formerly public owned Brazilian Freight Rail System was under pressure in the middle nineties, mainly due to the revenue insufficiency, resulting from the government rate control policy and the inherent lack of investments, as well as the increasing funding requirements from the public budget. In this context, the system has been denationalized in the mid nineties, following a corridor format, with 11 regionalized concessions, with 30 year term contracts, running under a price-cap rate regime. The denationalization model has set contractual production and safety targets, which ultimately have indirectly set the required investments to comply with the contractual targets. The post denationalization scenario has allowed the rehabilitation of the former freight rail installed capacity, as a result of private investments on both rail network and rolling stock. The acknowledged freight rail system installed capacity recovery, followed by a profit guided management, have fostered the improvement of freight rail system’s performance, which ultimately have been translated into system’s production and safety enhancements. Albeit the huge advances observed during the first half of contract terms, there were some hurdles to be addressed, mainly the low interoperability/interchange rates, as well as the lack of greenfield investments, required for the necessary expansion of the Brazilian rail network. In this context, the regulatory authority has issued, in 2011, a rail regulatory package reform, focused on: i) interoperability improvement; ii) a widespread service coverage along the rail network (stretches production targets) and iii) a compilation of rail stakeholders (shippers and carriers) rights and obligations. The so called 2011 rail regulatory package has brought more transparency and equilibrium among shippers and carriers relationship, but has not addressed the lack of greenfield required rail investments, necessary to expand the freight rail share on Brazilian transport matrix. In this context, the Brazilian Government has proposed in 2012 the Freight Rail System Unbundling (Open Access Model), in which infrastructure managers would be in charge of providing rail capacity (with the guarantee of the demand risk covered by the Brazilian government) and granted rail operators allowed to operate on the network under a fee payment. However, the unbundled freight rail proposal has not evolved, mainly due to the lack of funding required to guarantee rail infrastructure managers return on investments, resulted from a strong fiscal crisis. Currently, the Brazilian Rail Regulatoy Authority is working on a proposal to extend the current (bundled) freight rail contracts, conditioned to contractual adjustments, focused on the imposition of mandatory investments for capacity improvement and interoperability enhancement. This work is supposed to present an overview of Brazilian Freight Rail System’s performance evolution since the denationalization process, followed by an assessment of the 2011 Rail Regulatory Reform, the 2012 Rail Unbunbled initiative attempt and the perspectives associated with the current freight rail bundled contract term extension proposal.
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Ventrella, T. « An introduction to contract law ». Dans IEE Colloquium on `Principles of Law for Engineers and Managers'. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19961316.

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Shengqing, Xu. « Comparison between Chinese Contract Law and English Contract Law on Third Party’s Right of Action ». Dans Proceedings of the 2019 4th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2019). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icssed-19.2019.145.

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Suwardiyati, Rumi, Setiawan Wicaksono et Ranitya Ganindha. « Principle Of Freedom Of Contract In Public Contract ». Dans 2018 International Conference on Energy and Mining Law (ICEML 2018). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceml-18.2018.62.

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Mok, Jonathan R., Wai Yin Mok et Rachel V. Mok. « Sentence classification for contract law cases ». Dans ICAIL '21 : Eighteenth International Conference for Artificial Intelligence and Law. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466074.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Reform of Contract law"

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Castagnino, Ernesto. La economía política de las reformas para la promoción de la equidad social. Inter-American Development Bank, janvier 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012128.

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El presente estudio analiza una serie de reformas para la promoción de la equidad social desde una visión de la economía política, describiendo los diferentes tipos y las etapas en los procesos de reforma. Asimismo, se señala cómo se relacionan las reformas para la promoción de la equidad social con otras áreas de las políticas públicas y se describen aquellas características específicas de las reformas en los sectores sociales y sus diferencias con otro tipo de reformas. Por último, el paper plantea algunos desafíos en la lucha contra la pobreza y la promoción de la equidad.
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Mahoy, James O., et Ernest R. Keucher. Government Contract Law (9th Edition). Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, avril 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada200891.

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Shavell, Steven. Economic Analysis of Contract Law. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, mai 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9696.

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Peixoto Gomes, Larissa, James Downe et Manon Roberts. Reform of electoral law and practice. Wales Centre for Public Policy - Cardiff University, mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54454/20220325.

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The WCPP was asked to research how changes in electoral administration have affected turnout internationally, to inform Welsh Government decisions in this area and suggest possible areas of improvement. There were four areas of focus: Candidate and agent safety Innovative electoral practice Campaign finances and spending Early voting The role of electoral management bodies was also analysed.
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Torero, Máximo, et Jaime Saavedra-Chanduví. Union Density Changes and Union Effects on Firm Performance in Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, septembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011249.

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The paper documents the sharp reduction in union density in Peru between 1986 and 1998, in a context of large macroeconomic fluctuations, structural reforms and changes in the Collective Bargaining Law in 1993. The authors find that a blue-collar job, a permanent contract, higher education and working in a large firm increase the likelihood of unionization, but only before the legislative change. Using a panel of firms for the manufacturing sector for the period 1994-1996, a negative impact of unions on profits for all firm sizes is found. In the econometric analysis, a significant negative effect even after controlling for firm and sector characteristics and firm fixed effects is found. There is some evidence that this effect diminishes over time, consistent with the reduction in union density during that period, but the reduction is not robust to different specifications.
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Anderson, Kent. Japanese law reform : balancing old and new. East Asian Bureau of Economic Research, décembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1354917631.

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Bermúdez, Guillermo, Ramiro Moya et Marcela Cristini. Argentina's Housing Market in the 2000s. Inter-American Development Bank, septembre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011310.

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In the last three decades, the supply of housing in Argentina has not kept pace with demand. This study analyzes the main drivers of Argentina's housing market and relates them to the macroeconomic environment in order to advance a policy agenda for housing policy reform. The demand for housing was calculated and tenure choice was analyzed. Structural characteristics affecting Argentina's housing market include the high concentration of the urban population in a few large metropolitan areas, te association of urban poverty with the housing deficit, and overcrowding. The mortgage market lost its appeal following the 2001-02 crisis due to widespread breaches of contract legitimized through protective legislation (still in place), insufficient long-term financing, and high inflation. The housing deficit could be eliminated in five to eight years if well-coordinated policy initiatives to develop the mortgage market and provide low-income housing were adopted under a decentralized, demand-driven, subsidized program.
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Tremaglio, III, Patoir Ralpha J., Kantner Steven R., Devine Andrew S., Lawson Michael S., Norris Marci A., Santiago Michael L. et Jennifer C. Graduate Course Contract Law Deskbook (54th). Volume 2. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, janvier 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada469333.

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BELYAEVA, E. CONTRACT SERVICE AND CONTRACT MANAGERS FOR PROCUREMENT. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2070-7568-2021-10-6-1-7-12.

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The article examines the issue of the position and activities of contract services, the demand for which has become most relevant after the changes made to Law No. 44-FZ, the conditions under which the customer is obliged to create a contract service are disclosed.
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Freeman, Richard, et Xiaoying Li. How Does China's New Labor Contract Law Affect Floating Workers ? Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, juillet 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19254.

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