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1
Chan, Chi Kit. « Wikipedia recent changes information visualization ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2015. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3335700.
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IHARA, RAFAEL MAROJA. « CHANGES IN MONETARY POLICY IN THE RECENT CRISIS ». PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26870@1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Neste trabalho analisamos a política monetária brasileira em relação a um grupo de países que seguem o regime de metas para a inflação. Nossos resultados indicam que muitos países tiveram mudanças na política monetária, detectadas através de uma quebra na função de reação empírica dos bancos centrais, no período entre 2007 e 2009, possivelmente relacionadas com a crise financeira global. Encontramos evidências que o banco central brasileiro reduziu sua resposta aos desvios da inflação em relação à meta após esta mudança e também que as expectativas de inflação ficaram desancoradas, sugerindo uma inconsistência com o regime de metas para inflação. Apesar de termos detectado quebras na maioria dos países que seguem o regime de metas, as duas mudanças acima não ocorreram na maior parte dos países. Desta forma, utilizamos esses países para aplicar o método do controle sintético e estimar qual seria a trajetória da taxa de inflação e crescimento do PIB, caso não tivesse ocorrido tal mudança na política monetária brasileira. Os resultados do método do controle sintético sugerem que a mudança na política monetária brasileira resultou em uma taxa de inflação notavelmente maior em relação à trajetória sintética, ou seja, a inflação caso não tivesse ocorrida a mudança na política monetária; e um crescimento do PIB mais volátil, com ganhos limitados no período após a mudança e um crescimento menor nos anos seguintes, comparativamente à trajetória sintética do crescimento do PIB.
In this dissertation, we analyze the Brazilian monetary policy and a group of countries under inflation targeting. Our results indicate that many countries had changes in monetary policy, detected through a break in the central bank reaction function between 2007 and 2009, possibly related to the global financial crisis. We find evidence that the Brazilian central bank lowered its response to inflation deviations from the target and also that inflation expectations became unanchored, suggesting an inconsistency with the inflation targeting regime. Although we detected breaks in almost every country, the two above changes did not occur in most of the countries. Thus, we used these countries to apply the synthetic control method and estimate the trajectory of inflation and GDP growth if the Brazilian central bank had not changed its monetary policy. The results of the synthetic control method suggest that the change in the Brazilian monetary policy resulted in higher inflation and a more volatile GDP dynamic, with limited gains in the period after the change and lower growth in the following years, compared to the synthetic trajectory.
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Washam, Peter M. « Recent Changes in Central and Eastern Pacific El Niño ». FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1556.
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Recent research indicates that characteristics of El Niño and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have changed over the past several decades. Here, I examined different flavors of El Niño in the observational record and the recent changes in the character of El Niño events. The fundamental physical processes that drive ENSO were described and the Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP) types or flavors of El Niño were defined. Using metrics from the peer-reviewed literature, I examined several historical data sets to interpret El Niño behavior from 1950-2010. A Monte Carlo Simulation was then applied to output from coupled model simulations to test the statistical significance of recent observations surrounding EP and CP El Niño. Results suggested that EP and CP El Niño had been occurring in a similar fashion over the past 60 years with natural variability, but no significant increase in CP El Niño behavior.
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Maani, Moh'd Khaled Moh'd. « Recent changes in family structure and fertility in Jordan ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1990. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1135/.
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This study seeks to make a contribution to the field of population studies by throwing some light on the explanation of fertility change in developing countries. It hopes to do this by investigating the role of the family and its structure in explaining fertility attitudes and behaviour in Jordan. Some of the causes - at the level of intermediate variables - of regional variations in fertility levels and fertility preferences in Jordan are examined. The study tries to analyse several aspects of change in the family system in Jordan: social, economic kin-relationships and wealth flow directions within the family. Also, fertility attitudes are examined in relation to contrasting social contexts. It is assumed that fertility decline will be the result of certain changes in the family's internal and external social and economic structure. In order to test this assumption it is necessary to examine the nature of internal and external family relationships in terms of the following five dimensions: a) the scale and character of mutual economic obligations (or feelings of financial responsibility) which exist within the families under study b) the nature of the family budget (to what extent it is a common budget or one divided into separate units related to individual wage earners) c) relations between the father and his children in terms of obedience and societal and family norms (even when the family is geographically separated as a result of migration) d) the coherence and structure of the family system (is it a closed or open nuclear family or does it still have elements of the extended family?), and women's roles and status within the family e) wealth flow direction and its relation to power structure within the family. Results suggest that changes in the family's internal and external social and economic structure have a significant influence on fertility attitudes which, in turn, tell that fertility decline is an outcome of family change.
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Watanabe, Seiji. « CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO RECENT PHONOLOGICAL CHANGES IN JAPANESE ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195117.
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This study investigates innovative sound sequences in Japanese. A relatively large number of phonological changes have occurred in the short period of time since WWII, mainly due to an influx of loanwords from English. However, innovative sound sequences have not been accepted in Japanese uniformly. This fact raises two questions. Why are some innovative sound sequences fully accepted in Japanese while others are still foreignisms? Why are certain sound sequences acceptable in one situation, but not so in others?Previous studies on innovative sound sequences in modern standard Japanese have tried to solve these problems by establishing innovative lexical strata, such as "Assimilated Foreign" and "Unassimilated Foreign." However, this study found that the distribution of innovative sound sequences is much more complex than previously believed. Furthermore, in many cases, the acceptance of innovative sound sequences is word-by-word or speaker-by-speaker. This suggests that the cause of the distribution of innovative sound sequences in Japanese is better described as an intricate interaction among various extra-grammatical factors, such as processes of borrowing, speakers' socioeconomic status, influence of English education, acoustic and articulatory phonetics, the writing system, and historical linguistic factors.
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El-Basri, M. E. « Assessing recent changes in accounting and auditing practice in the Sudan ». Thesis, University of Bath, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380882.
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Kroll, Henning [Verfasser]. « An exploration of recent changes in European regional policy / Henning Kroll ». Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1185066993/34.
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Svensson, Jonas. « Beach processes and recent sea-level changes at Tönsneset, Kongsfjorden, northwestern Spitsbergen ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-55573.
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Beaches occur throughout the coastal regions of the world. Ridges found on beachescan be used as indicators of past climatic and oceanographic conditions. Sea-levelchanges can also be extrapolated from these landforms, if the correct conditions occur, when the facies between eolian and intertidal sediments can be found. Groundpenetrating radar and fieldwork has been used to investigate the origins, processes, and the connection with sea-level fluctuations on a beach and the associated berm-ridge, located at Tönsneset in Kongsfjorden, northwestern Spitsbergen.The beach has a moderately simple internal structure, with the stratigraphy of the beachrevealing layers with a low gradient towards the sea on the foreshore, and overwashlayers with an inclination landwards on the backshore. Layers alternate mostly withsand and gravel, and a majority of them having low angle cross laminationcharacteristics. Previous datings, together with preliminary datings from this study, signify an origin from late Holocene for the berm-ridge. The berm-ridge at Tönsnesetdoes not indicate any clear-cut evidence of a former sea-level and it cannot be used asevidence for a suggested recent transgression.
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Ransome, Paul Edward. « An analysis of recent changes in the concept and practice of work ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307014.
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Carballa, Smichowski Bruno. « Competition and market power : a critical reassessment in light of recent changes ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD016/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les objectifs principaux de cette thèse sont expliquer l’émergence de nouvelles dynamiques concurrentielles caractérisées par une symbiose entre concurrence et pouvoir de marché et élucider comment elles peuvent être appréhendées sous l’angle de la théorie de la concurrence. Le chapitre I investigue l’évolution des formes de la concurrence aux États-Unis de 1840 jusqu’à nos jours. On montre qu’alors que dans certains cas le pouvoir de marché s’est traduit par l’entrave à la concurrence (et vice-versa), dans d’autres les deux établissent une relation symbiotique. Le chapitre II fait une revue des théories de la concurrence et conclut qu’elles ne rendent pas compte de la coexistence de deux faits stylisés majeurs propres à la forme de concurrence hégémonique actuelle : des différentiels de taux de profit de long terme et une forte concurrence par les prix.Le chapitre III développe une contribution à la théorie de la concurrence entre et au sein des chaînes globales de valeur (CGV). On montre que l’interdépendance inégale est la source du pouvoir de marché intra-CGV, ce qui explique les différentiels de taux de profit entre firmes appartenant à une même CGV. On montre par la suite comment ils peuvent être compatibles avec une forte concurrence par les prix. Le chapitre IV étudie le capitalisme de plateforme en se focalisant sur les « firmes de coordination algorithmique basées sur la confiance » (FCABC). En s’appuyant sur le cas de la firme de VTC Uber, on argumente que la FCABC conjugue du pouvoir de marché avec une forte concurrence par les prix dans une dynamique concurrentielle dans laquelle il y a une tendance à la monopolisationThe main objectives of this thesis are to explain the emergence of competitive dynamics characterized by a symbiosis between competition and market power and to elucidate how they can be apprehended through the lenses of competition theory. Chapter I investigates the evolution of forms of competition in the United States from 1840 to today. We show that while in some cases market power has translated into hindering competition (and vice versa), in others the two establish a symbiotic relation. Chapter II reviews competition theories and concludes that they do not account for the coexistence of two major stylized facts characteristic of the current hegemonic form of competition: long-run profit rate differentials and strong price competition. Chapter III develops a contribution to competition theory within and between global value chains (GVC). We show that uneven interdependence is the source of intra-GVC market power, which explains long-run profit rate differentials between firms belonging to the same GVC. Then we show how they can be compatible with strong price competition. Chapter IV studies platform capitalism with a focus on “trust-based algorithmic coordination” (TBAC) firms. Building on the case of the ride-hailing firm Uber, we argue that the TBAC firm conjugates vertical market power with strong price competition in a competitive dynamics in which there is a tendency towards monopolization
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Gong, Xiaofeng. « Recent interdecadal variations in the tropical atmosphere : evidence and idealized GCM simulations / ». Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1998.
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net, cresdee@cresdee, et Michelle Cresdee. « Dealing with curriculum change : how teachers perceive recent curriculum changes and the strategies they employ to cope with such change ». Murdoch University, 2002. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051209.134727.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The current study attempted to identify conditions that affect the manner in which Western Australian primary school teachers perceive recent curriculum changes; the types of support they access; and the relative usefulness of this support. Based on preliminary findings in the first phase of this study and the research literature it was expected that teacher self-efficacy, teacher characteristics such as age and years of teaching, and school context such as the level of 'innovativeness' would prove to be influential in the process of implementing new initiatives. A model expressing the relationships between these concepts was developed and evaluated in the second phase of this study. This study is important for two reasons. It focused on Western Australian primary school teachers, whereas most previous research focused on high school teachers, and it explored ways to help teachers deal with future changes instead of simply identifying their responses to changes. It is therefore hoped that the education system will be more informed and better able to provide appropriate support for teachers when faced with future reforms.
The study was conducted in two parts. The purpose of phase one was to become familiar with the current circumstances of teachers in relation to curriculum change. By focusing on the attitudes and behaviours of teachers from 'innovative' schools it was thought more could be learned than in schools that maintain the status quo. Qualitative methods of semi-structured interviews, informal observations and the analysis of websites and school documents were utilised throughout this phase. The second phase of the study employed a quantitative approach, based on the findings of the first phase, specifically a process of questionnaire construction and distribution throughout the defined population.
A number of cautious conclusions have been made within the limits of this study. Firstly, the most useful type of professional development for teachers involves teachers interacting with each other. Teachers need time to discuss issues and share their successes. However, Action Research as a means of professional development is currently under utilised. It was discovered that most teachers were positive towards curriculum change, yet an overwhelming workload has proved a formidable barrier to new initiatives. In addition, most teachers will modify initiatives to meet the needs of their students and to fit in with their existing orientations. Consequently, school structures need to become more flexible to encourage teachers to engage in innovative practices. Interestingly, the self-efficacy of a teacher influences the way they perceive and cope with curriculum change, however teacher characteristics, such as age and the number of years teaching, did not yield substantially different results when teachers were categorised along these dimensions. School context, as defined by the level of 'innovativeness', did produce differential results in terms of teacher attitudes and responses to curriculum change, and the type of professional development accessed. Finally, schools may need to involve parents and the wider school community in the school level decision-making processes if they truly are to become ' learning communities'.
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Cresdee, Michelle. « Dealing with curriculum change : how teachers perceive recent curriculum changes and the strategies they employ to cope with such change ». Thesis, Cresdee, Michelle (2002) Dealing with curriculum change : how teachers perceive recent curriculum changes and the strategies they employ to cope with such change. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/30/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The current study attempted to identify conditions that affect the manner in which Western Australian primary school teachers perceive recent curriculum changes; the types of support they access; and the relative usefulness of this support. Based on preliminary findings in the first phase of this study and the research literature it was expected that teacher self-efficacy, teacher characteristics such as age and years of teaching, and school context such as the level of 'innovativeness' would prove to be influential in the process of implementing new initiatives. A model expressing the relationships between these concepts was developed and evaluated in the second phase of this study. This study is important for two reasons. It focused on Western Australian primary school teachers, whereas most previous research focused on high school teachers, and it explored ways to help teachers deal with future changes instead of simply identifying their responses to changes. It is therefore hoped that the education system will be more informed and better able to provide appropriate support for teachers when faced with future reforms.
The study was conducted in two parts. The purpose of phase one was to become familiar with the current circumstances of teachers in relation to curriculum change. By focusing on the attitudes and behaviours of teachers from 'innovative' schools it was thought more could be learned than in schools that maintain the status quo. Qualitative methods of semi-structured interviews, informal observations and the analysis of websites and school documents were utilised throughout this phase. The second phase of the study employed a quantitative approach, based on the findings of the first phase, specifically a process of questionnaire construction and distribution throughout the defined population.
A number of cautious conclusions have been made within the limits of this study. Firstly, the most useful type of professional development for teachers involves teachers interacting with each other. Teachers need time to discuss issues and share their successes. However, Action Research as a means of professional development is currently under utilised. It was discovered that most teachers were positive towards curriculum change, yet an overwhelming workload has proved a formidable barrier to new initiatives. In addition, most teachers will modify initiatives to meet the needs of their students and to fit in with their existing orientations. Consequently, school structures need to become more flexible to encourage teachers to engage in innovative practices. Interestingly, the self-efficacy of a teacher influences the way they perceive and cope with curriculum change, however teacher characteristics, such as age and the number of years teaching, did not yield substantially different results when teachers were categorised along these dimensions. School context, as defined by the level of 'innovativeness', did produce differential results in terms of teacher attitudes and responses to curriculum change, and the type of professional development accessed. Finally, schools may need to involve parents and the wider school community in the school level decision-making processes if they truly are to become ' learning communities'.
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Cresdee, Michelle. « Dealing with curriculum change : how teachers perceive recent curriculum changes and the strategies they employ to cope with such change / ». Cresdee, Michelle (2002) Dealing with curriculum change : how teachers perceive recent curriculum changes and the strategies they employ to cope with such change. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/30/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The current study attempted to identify conditions that affect the manner in which Western Australian primary school teachers perceive recent curriculum changes; the types of support they access; and the relative usefulness of this support. Based on preliminary findings in the first phase of this study and the research literature it was expected that teacher self-efficacy, teacher characteristics such as age and years of teaching, and school context such as the level of 'innovativeness' would prove to be influential in the process of implementing new initiatives. A model expressing the relationships between these concepts was developed and evaluated in the second phase of this study. This study is important for two reasons. It focused on Western Australian primary school teachers, whereas most previous research focused on high school teachers, and it explored ways to help teachers deal with future changes instead of simply identifying their responses to changes. It is therefore hoped that the education system will be more informed and better able to provide appropriate support for teachers when faced with future reforms.
The study was conducted in two parts. The purpose of phase one was to become familiar with the current circumstances of teachers in relation to curriculum change. By focusing on the attitudes and behaviours of teachers from 'innovative' schools it was thought more could be learned than in schools that maintain the status quo. Qualitative methods of semi-structured interviews, informal observations and the analysis of websites and school documents were utilised throughout this phase. The second phase of the study employed a quantitative approach, based on the findings of the first phase, specifically a process of questionnaire construction and distribution throughout the defined population.
A number of cautious conclusions have been made within the limits of this study. Firstly, the most useful type of professional development for teachers involves teachers interacting with each other. Teachers need time to discuss issues and share their successes. However, Action Research as a means of professional development is currently under utilised. It was discovered that most teachers were positive towards curriculum change, yet an overwhelming workload has proved a formidable barrier to new initiatives. In addition, most teachers will modify initiatives to meet the needs of their students and to fit in with their existing orientations. Consequently, school structures need to become more flexible to encourage teachers to engage in innovative practices. Interestingly, the self-efficacy of a teacher influences the way they perceive and cope with curriculum change, however teacher characteristics, such as age and the number of years teaching, did not yield substantially different results when teachers were categorised along these dimensions. School context, as defined by the level of 'innovativeness', did produce differential results in terms of teacher attitudes and responses to curriculum change, and the type of professional development accessed. Finally, schools may need to involve parents and the wider school community in the school level decision-making processes if they truly are to become ' learning communities'.
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Anderson, William Thomas. « Calibration of high-resolution terrestrial isotopic records of recent climatic change : implications for understanding paleo-atmospheric circulation changes / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13425.
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Zhang, Ke. « Study on regional responses of pan-arctic terrestrial ecosystems to recent climate variability using satellite remote sensing ». Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06042009-125041.
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Rohlehr, Betty Ann. « A case study examining recent changes in teacher preparation at a Caribbean university ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578059.
Texte intégralRésumé :
My study is a case study, a story of a newly restructured School of Studies at a university in the Caribbean. I have examined recent changes in its teacher preparation programme. I explore the experiences of the participants in the implementation of this change and identify and examine the issues which emerge. It is a qualitative study which used an interpretivist / constructivist conceptual framework. The empirical work in my study consisted of interviews, both individuals and focus groups. I also drew from practicum documents and from the Schoo1's web site. Recent reforms in teacher preparation have reflected a thrust towards globalization and its demand for change and renewal in education. More particularly, the influences of neo-liberals and neo-conservatives in teacher preparation have spread. However, change is complex and rarely unfolds as envisaged. The findings of my study demonstrate this. The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) was identified by the chairman of the School's restructuring committee as the accreditation body to whose standards the reformed School will adhere. My findings showed that the structure of the programme was inconsistent with the standards of NCATE and with those of ACTT, the Accreditation Council of Trinidad and Tobago. On the other hand, the findings showed that structural aspects were consistent with the standards of teacher education programmes globally. There were, however substantive areas that needed to improve. A major issue was the practicum. Other issues which the data generated were the transition issue; institutional issues such as social and policy issues; leadership and interpersonal issues. I concluded that the issues which emerged were as a result of the manner in which the initiation phase of the restructuring was conducted.
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Baharcicek, Abdulkadir. « The impact of recent major changes in international politics for Turkey's security interests ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356994.
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[3/4]sgeirsdóttir, [3/4]sta. « House Prices and the Housing Market : recent changes in the Icelandic Housing Market / ». Aarhus : Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, 2009. http://mit.econ.au.dk/Library/Specialer/2009/145036.pdf.
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Hughes, Andrew Owen Physical Environmental & Mathematical Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. « An assessment of recent changes in catchment sediment sources and sinks, central Queensland, Australia ». Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. Physical, Environmental & ; Mathematical Sciences, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43622.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Spatial and temporal information on catchment sediment sources and sinks can provide an improved understanding of catchment response to human-induced disturbances. This is essential for the implementation of well-targeted catchment-management decisions. This thesis investigates the nature and timing of catchment response to human activities by examining changes in sediment sources and sinks in a dry-tropical subcatchment of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) catchment area, in northeastern Australia. Changes in catchment sediment sources, both in terms of spatial provenance and erosion type, are determined using sediment tracing techniques. Results indicate that changes in sediment source contributions over the last 250 years can be linked directly to changes in catchment land use. Sheetwash and rill erosion from cultivated land (40-60%) and channel erosion from grazed areas (30-80%) currently contribute most sediment to the river system. Channel erosion, on a basin-wide scale, appears to be more important than previously considered in this region of Australia. Optically stimulated luminescence and 137Cs dating are used to determine pre-and post- European settlement (ca. 1850) alluvial sedimentation rates. The limitations of using 137Cs as a floodplain sediment dating tool in a low fallout environment, dominated by sediment derived from channel and cultivation sources, are identified. Low magnitude increases in post-disturbance floodplain sedimentation rates (3 to 4 times) are attributed to the naturally high sediment loads in the dry-tropics. These low increases suggest that previous predictions which reflect order of magnitude increases in post-disturbance sediment yields are likely to be overestimates. In-channel bench deposits, formed since European settlement, are common features that appear to be important stores of recently eroded material. The spatially distributed erosion/sediment yield model SedNet is applied, both with generic input parameters and locally-derived data. Outputs are evaluated against available empirically-derived data. The results suggest that previous model estimates using generic input parameters overestimate post-disturbance and underestimate predisturbance sediment yields, exaggerating the impact of European catchment disturbance. This is likely to have important implications for both local-scale and catchment-wide management scenarios in the GBR region. Suggestions for future study and the collection of important empirical data to enable more accurate model performance are made.
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Walsh, Mark James. « Strategic political positioning and tax policy : recent VAT policy changes in Canada and Germany ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5504.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During the twenty-first century, why have some welfare state governments shifted their
tax system towards a greater dependence upon consumption taxes, while other governments have
chosen to move away from this dependence? This paper addresses that question by examining
the contemporary politics of taxation in Canada and Germany. It analyzes what causes a
government to choose employ specific tax policy instruments. This paper contends that, if a
government is insecure and in need of enlarging its support base, it will largely ignore fiscal
policies that predominantly focus on improving aggregate economic conditions in favour of
policies which provide fiscal benefits to necessary constituencies, unless both dire economic
conditions and adequate blame avoidance opportunities exists. While Canada chose to shift its
tax burden away from consumption taxes because these necessary conditions did not exist,
Germany chose to shift its tax burden towards consumption taxes because these conditions did
exist.
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Jain, Nihit. « Assessing the impact of recent fare policy changes on public transport demand in London ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66866.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-172).
Public transit agencies across the world have been moving towards electronic ticketing technology and to take advantage of the greater flexibility, have made changes in fare structure. Over the last decade, Transport for London has implemented the Oyster smart card based electronic ticketing system (including the Pay-as-you-Go stored credit payment facility) on the major public transport modes: buses, the Underground and National Rail, and there have also been changes in the fare structure on these modes. This thesis explores the impacts that fare structure and technology changes (known here as fare policy changes) have had on user sensitivity to fares (fare elasticities), ticket usage and demand for travel on public transport modes in London. The first case study uses a log-linear regression model on annual-differenced data to estimate demand on buses and the Underground in London. The findings from this research suggest that London bus and Underground user fare elasticities have not changed significantly since 2000. The implementation of the Oystercard Pay-as-you-Go system increased demand on the Underground, while the effect on buses could not be conclusively estimated. The second case study uses ticket sales and journey data from before and after the implementation of the Oyster electronic ticketing system on National Rail to assess the impact on ticket use, growth in travel and modal switching. The results show that, within 9 months of the implementation, Oystercard Pay-as-you-Go journeys on National Rail tripled, while single or return journeys on paper tickets halved. Further, after controlling for other changes, the electronic ticketing system increased travel on National Rail by around 3%. This increase resulted from growth in public transport travel and possibly from switching from other public transport modes. This research is of value to policy makers in public transport agencies since it suggests that electronic ticketing systems, if implemented properly, may increase public transport demand. The findings also suggest that smart card payment systems offering stored credit and multi-journey passes are preferred by users over less convenient ticket media such as limited paper tickets.
by Nihit Jain.
S.M.in Transportation
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Andrews, Oliver D. « Fingerprints and drivers of recent changes in oceanic oxygen : from regional to global scales ». Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/52342/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Observations and Earth System Model (ESM) projections indicate that a reduction in the oxygen inventory of the global ocean, termed ocean deoxygenation, is a likely consequence of on-going anthropogenic warming. The contribution of external forcing factors to observed changes in dissolved oxygen concentration ([O2]) relative to natural internal variability is examined using statistical methods which synthesise historical measurements and ocean biogeochemistry model output. Using a formal optimal fingerprinting method, an externally forced signal, derived from ESM response patterns, is detected within the observational record of [O2] between �1970 and �1992 at the 90% confidence level. Positive detection results in response to external forcing are robust for depth-averaged (100–3000 m) and depth-resolving zonal mean patterns globally and for the Pacific basin, however [O2] changes in the Atlantic basin are indistinguishable from internal variability as characterised by unforced ESM integrations. Current ESMs are also shown, using optimal detection techniques, to consistently underestimate the magnitude of observed [O2] change by a factor of �2 – 4. Accordingly, targeted hindcast experiments are conducted using the PlankTOM10-NEMO3.1 model, quantifying the impact of physical and biogeochemical processes on the spatiotemporal distribution of O2. The largest magnitude of uncertainty is shown to be entrained into [O2] response patterns due to model parameterisation of pCO2-sensitive C:N ratios in carbon fixation and imposed atmospheric forcing data. Historical trends and variability in Bottom Mixed Layer (BML) [O2] for the North Sea region are also investigated.
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Wilcox, Julia K. « Recent Vegetation and Area Changes in a Tidal Marsh Located at Pope's Creek, Virginia ». W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617597.
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PESSINA, GIANMARIA LUIGI. « INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS AND THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, RECENT CHANGES AND THE INDUSTRY 4.0 CHALLENGE ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/901444.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Industrial districts represent the past and the future of the Italian production landscape. Nowadays, they are one of the few examples of economic dynamism in extra-urban areas. In recent years, these socioeconomic agglomerations have been facing huge challenges, including international competition, financial crises and servitization of the manufacturing industry. However, it is the technological change of the Fourth Industrial Revolution that represents the greatest challenge and at the same time, the greatest opportunity for industrial districts. Thus, observing how these places are facing this technological revolution is of particular interest. This thesis is based on a mix-method approach and is organised into six main chapters. Chapter 1 is dedicated to describing the theoretical backgrounds at the base of local development studies, focusing particularly on endogenous factors. More precisely, this chapter is divided into three sections. Firstly, we discuss the notion of economic embeddedness. Secondly, we provide an outline of the so-called local development ‘Italian school’ centred on the industrial district concept. Finally, we present a more recent contribution to the field from the emerging approach of new evolutionary economic geography. Chapter 2 is based on descriptive analyses aiming to grasp the current role of industrial districts in the Italian economy and how they have changed in recent years. Chapter 3 introduces the theoretical notion of territorial manufacturing servitization and tests the hypothesis connected to it, alongside the ones that emerged in the first chapter, through a multilevel regression. Chapter 4 is more theoretical; it presents a detailed discussion of the Industry 4.0 concept and reflects on the relationship between technological changes, economic organisation and places. Chapter 5 empirically investigates the sectorial and territorial articulation of the Italian 4.0 policy by using an original dataset. It also performs a quantitative counterfactual analysis to understand if industrial district firms show a higher propensity in adopting 4.0 technologies. Lastly, Chapter 6 utilises qualitative methods to compare two metalworking industrial districts. These last empirical steps allow for investigating the hypothesis that emerged in the previous chapter and the role of local governances in fostering Industry 4.0 adoption.
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Partanen, S. (Sari). « Recent spatiotemporal changes and main determinants of aquatic macrophyte vegetation in large lakes in Finland ». Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514285950.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract During the past half century several large lakes in Finland have experienced notable changes in their ecological condition, induced mainly by water level regulation, eutrophication and land use transformation. The objective of this thesis was the quantification of the spatiotemporal changes of aquatic macrophytes in Finland during the second half of the 1900s. Mapped aquatic macrophyte cover from historic (1947–1963) and present day (1996–2000) aerial photographs, additional macrophyte data and several environmental variables were used to identify the main determinants of aquatic macrophyte distribution, abundance and change. Furthermore, factors influencing the littoral paludification process were identified. The study was conducted in 24 boreal lakes (41–1116 km2) with multisource vegetation data. Selected environmental variables of water level regulation, eutrophication and geomorphology were collected and analyzed. More than 402 km of littoral shoreline in historic and present day aerial photographs was analyzed with stereoscopic visual interpretation. A total of 474 habitat level study sites were used to examine the determining environmental factors of occurrence, abundance and change of emergent vegetation. Finally, 289 vegetation transects were performed in order to study the occurrence, types and main determinants of littoral paludification. Water level regulation was found to be the primary factor behind aquatic macrophyte vegetation development at the whole lake level. The major vegetation changes were determined by the mean water level rise or reduction, decreased fluctuation range and reduced spring flood. The vegetation response was less pronounced in a lake with water level regulation similar to natural fluctuation. Eutrophication influenced aquatic macrophytes at the site level. Land use variables of tributary and agriculture, indicating nutrient increment, corresponded positively with vegetation occurrence and abundance. Geomorphology explained vegetation development at the habitat level. Clay and related deposits and the shore slope specified the vegetation occurrence and affected the abundance of vegetation. Water level regulation, eutrophication, clay and shallowness were found to influence paludification. Helophyte species, common reed (Phragmites australis) and water horsetail (Equisetum fluviatile), dominated the emergent vegetation in the studied lakesTiivistelmä Viimeisen puolen vuosisadan aikana suomalaisiin suurjärviin on kohdistunut lukuisia muutoksia, jotka ovat vaikuttaneet järvien ekologiseen tilaan. Muutoksia ovat aiheuttaneet pääasiallisesti vesistöjen säännöstely, rehevöityminen sekä maankäytön muuttuminen. Tämän väitöskirjan tarkoituksena on analysoida noin viimeisten 50 vuoden aikana suomalaisissa suurjärvissä tapahtunutta ranta- ja vesikasvillisuuden pitkäaikaismuutosta. Historiallisilla (1947–1963) ja nykyisillä (1996–2000) ilmakuvilla, muilla kasvillisuusaineistoilla sekä useilla ympäristömuuttujilla tunnistettiin keskeisiä tekijöitä, jotka vaikuttivat kasvillisuuden esiintymiseen, runsauteen ja muutokseen. Tämän lisäksi tutkittiin rantojen pysyvän umpeenkasvun kehitysprosessia. Tutkimusta varten kasvillisuudesta kerättiin monilähdeaineistoa kaikilta Suomen päävaluma-alueilta yhteensä 24 eri järveltä, joiden koko vaihteli 41–1116 km2:n välillä. Tämän lisäksi useita vesistöjen säännöstelyn, rehevöitymisen ja geomorfologian ympäristömuuttujia kerättiin ja analysoitiin. Stereoskooppisella visuaalisella ilmakuvatulkinnalla tutkittiin yli 402 kilometriä rantaviivaa historiallisista ja nykyisistä ilmakuvista. Ilmaversoisen ranta- ja vesikasvillisuuden esiintymistä, runsautta ja historiallista muutosta analysoitiin 474 habitaattitason tutkimuspisteellä. Rantojen pysyvän umpeenkasvun esiintymistä, umpeenkasvun eri tyyppejä ja sitä määrittäviä tekijöitä tutkittiin 289 kasvilinjalla. Tutkimuksen tuloksena havaittiin, että järvitasolla vesistöjen säännöstely oli tärkein kasvillisuuden historialliseen kehitykseen vaikuttava tekijä. Huomattavimmat kasvillisuusmuutokset määräytyivät keskiveden noston, pienentyneen säännöstelyvälin, vähentyneen kevättulvan ja lasketun keskiveden tason seurauksena. Kasvillisuusmuutokset eivät olleet niin selviä, jos säännöstely muistutti luonnontilaista säännöstelyä. Rehevöityminen vaikutti ranta- ja vesikasvillisuuteen paikallisesti. Ravinteisuutta ilmentävät maankäytön muuttujat, ojat sekä maanviljelys, lisäsivät kasvillisuuden esiintymistä ja runsautta. Geomorfologiset tekijät selittivät kasvillisuuden kehitystä habitaattitasolla. Savinen maaperä sekä rannan mataluus lisäsivät vesi- ja rantakasvillisuuden esiintymistä sekä kasvillisuuden runsautta. Vesistöjen säännöstely, rehevöityminen, savinen maaperä sekä rannan mataluus lisäsivät rantojen pysyvää umpeenkasvua. Ilmaversoiset kasvilajit, järviruoko (Phragmites australis) ja järvikorte (Equisetum fluviatile), hallitsivat kasvillisuutta tutkituissa järvissä
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Hassan, Syed Sabih Ul. « Recent education changes at higher education level in Pakistan : English language teachers' perceptions and practices ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7662/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) of any country could be a source of providing professionals to the country in many fields. By doing so, HEIs could play a pivotal role in the economic growth of the country. In Pakistan, it seems that, in the wake of this realization, steps have been taken to reform Higher Education. Drawing on the Triple I model of educational change covering Initiation, Implementation and Institutionalization (Fullan, 2007) this study focuses on the planning and implementation of reforms in the Education system of Pakistan at higher education level that have been introduced by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) since its inception in 2002. Kennedy’s model of hierarchical subsystems affecting innovation and Chin and Benne’s (1985) description of strategies for implementing change also provided guidelines for analyzing the changes in education in the country to highlight the role that the authorities expect the language teacher to play in the process of implementing these changes. A qualitative method is followed in this study to gather data from English language teachers at three universities of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. A questionnaire was developed to look into the perceptions of English language teachers regarding the impact of these reforms. This was followed up by interviews. Responses from 28 teachers were received through questionnaire out of which 9 teachers were interviewed for detailed analysis of their perceptions. Thematic Content analysis was used to analyze and interpret the data. Some of the most significant changes that the respondents reported knowledge of included the introduction of Semester System, extending the Bachelors degree to four years from two years, promotion of research culture, and increased teachers’ autonomy in classroom practices. Implications of these reforms for English teachers’ professional development were also explored. The data indicate that the teachers generally have a positive attitude towards the changes. However, the data also show concerns that teachers have about the practical effectiveness of these changes in improving English language teaching and learning in Pakistani Universities. Some of the areas of concern are worries regarding resources, the assessment system, the number of qualified teachers, and instability in the educational policy. They are concerned about the training facilities and quality of the professional training available to them. Moreover, they report that training opportunities for their professional development are not available to all the teachers equally. Despite the HEC claims of providing regular training opportunities, the majority of the teachers did not receive any formal training in the last three years, while some teachers were able to access these opportunities multiple times. Through the recent reforms HEC has empowered the teachers in conducting the learning/teacher processes but this extra power has reduced their accountability and they can exercise these powers without any check on them. This empowerment is limited to the classroom and there appears to be no or minimal involvement in decision making at the top level of policy making. Such lack of involvement in the policy decisions seems to be generating a lack of sense of ownership among the teachers (Fullan 2003a:6). Although Quality Enhancement Cells have been developed in the universities to assure the desired quality of education, they might need a more active role to contribute in achieving the level of enhancement in education expected from them. Based on the perceptions of the respondents of this study and the review of the relevant literature, it is argued that it is unlikely for the reforms to be institutionalized if teachers are not given the right kind of awareness at the initiation stage and are not prepared at the implementation stage to cope with the challenge of a complex process. The teachers participating in this study, in general, have positive and enthusiastic attitudes towards most of the changes, in spite of some reservations. It could also be interesting to see if the power centers of the Pakistani Higher Education appreciate this enthusiasm and channel it for a strong Higher Education system in the country.
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Hui, Katrina L. « Recent changes in the variability and seasonality of temperature and precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114104.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 59-60).
This study investigates recent changes in the variability and seasonality of temperature and precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere. The mean and variance of daily temperature and precipitation anomalies are calculated for each year over a 35-year period and compared to a base period. For temperature in the Northern Hemisphere, a noticeable warming trend amplified in the higher latitudes was observed, as well as a significant decrease in variability in the mid and high latitudes. For precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere, a drying trend and decreasing trend in variability were observed in the mid latitudes during summer. The seasonal cycles of both temperature and precipitation were also analyzed. The trends in temperature seasonal amplitude and phase were studied and revealed some influence of Arctic sea ice loss that changes the seasonality of local temperature, and Arctic amplification that potentially influences temperature seasonality in the mid and high latitude land regions. To determine whether the changes in temperature seasonality may affect temperature variance, analyses were performed by removing the phase trends from the temperature data using two methods. The phase trend-removed temperatures were found to have no prominent trends in variance. This suggests that changes in the temperature variance may be related to changes in temperature seasonality. To study what affects precipitation variability, the coefficient of variation (ratio of standard deviation to mean), which determines the shape of the mixed gamma probability distribution function (PDF) of precipitation, was studied. It was found that the mean and variance of precipitation have a fixed ratio over time, suggesting that the shape of the precipitation PDF has not changed. Therefore changes in the precipitation variance in the midlatitudes could be simply explained by the change in the mean precipitation in the same region.
by Katrina L. Hui.
S.B.
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Palamara, Daniel. « Solar activity and recent climate change evaluating the impact of geomagnetic activity on atmospheric circulation / ». Access electronically, 2003. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/uploads/approved/adt-NWU20040924.142821.
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Harrison, Alan Thomas. « A critical evaluation of corporate employee communication in the light of recent changes in workplace relations ». Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/90559.
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Abukrisha, Taha Zakaria. « Socio technical perspective on computer based AIS development and implementation : reflections on recent changes in Egypt ». Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274305.
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Meng, Yijun. « Empirical investigations into two recent regulatory changes in China : adding board independence and promoting mass privatisation ». Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/72587/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis conducts three empirical analyses by studying China, one of the largest emerging markets across the world; and it is motivated by two recent regulatory changes in China: adding independence to the board and promoting mass privatisation in state owned enterprises (hereafter SOEs). The first analysis investigates the relation between the exogenous changes in board composition and operating performance by examining 2,371 firm–year observations over the period 1999–2005, a period that witnessed the publication of a regulation that required every listed firm to introduce independent directors within a very short time period. Our main finding is that appointing independent directors has a significantly negative impact on firm performance, both on return on assets (hereafter ROA) and earnings per share (hereafter EPS). However, we also present a regression estimating cash flow measurement on the presence of board independence and find insignificant results, which implies there may exist the possibility of earnings management issues. Limited by the sample size, we are unable to provide further tests to rule out this possibility. In addition, the first empirical chapter also provides evidence that foreign ownership may contribute to an increased willingness of firms to appoint independent directors. The second analysis re-examines the same data to explore the role of information cost in the impact of board independence on firm performance. The main finding is that high information costs make this negative impact more pronounced, as high information costs will limit the independent directors in performing both monitoring and advisory activities. The potential benefits of a more diversified board and sub-committee independence do not offset this negative impact. The first two empirical analyses provide some advice to the regulators: they should allow companies to choose a better board structure for themselves, rather than forcing them to adopt regulations in a short period. In addition, firms are encouraged to introduce foreign investors and lower information costs. The last analysis examines whether state ownership has a causal relationship with capital structure, and if so, why; and it explores the role of institutional and market development level in leverage decisions by state shareholders. By analysing 1,141 Chinese listed firms over the period 1999-2013, the empirical results show that state ownership is negatively associated to capital structure, and that this negative association is more pronounced in less developed areas. We also provide fresh evidence to explain why such an association is negative from the perspective of corporate risk-taking, as state shareholders are risk averse and hence are reluctant to borrow external funding.
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Feser, Kelsey M. « Utilizing the Subfossil Record of Seagrass-Associated Mollusks to Reveal Recent Changes in Coastal Marine Environments ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439304534.
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Benjamin, Jordan T. « Analyzing recent latitudinal and seasonal changes in simulated atmospheric temperatures from a global chemistry-climate model ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122235.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 28-29).
Recent work by Santer et al. (2018) in Science examined the usefulness of the latitudinal structure and seasonal behavior of warming for fingerprinting anthropogenic climate change using satellite data and the CMIP5 multi-model ensemble over 1979-2016. They identify the first seasonal fingerprint in the northern hemisphere annual cycle and structure of warming, but do not specify what forcing agent (e.g. ozone, soot, or greenhouse gases) is responsible for causing it. We further probe this phenomena using 3 ensembles-of-opportunity over 1955-1979 and 1995-2024 of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 4 (WACCM4), one of the world's few best fully coupled interactive chemistry-climate models. While our ensembles' construction covers limited time periods, it has the advantage of avoiding the effects of El Chichón (1982) and Pinatubo (1991), which are difficult to capture in models and have different drivers (volcanic) than the ones of interest here. The key findings of this research are that added greenhouse gas forcings nearly fully determine the latitudinal structure of warming and change in the amplitude of the annual cycle, that WACCM4 does a much better job than the CMIP5 multi-model ensemble of predicting the magnitude and latitudinal structure of climate change, and that tropical expansion and a poleward shift of the jet may drive the key subtropical features Santer observed. Interactive chemistry is not found to be a defining factor in representing the rate and structure of warming in CMIP5, and is certainly much less important than other details of model construction.
by Jordan T. Benjamin.
S.B.
S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics
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Huang, Junyi. « How the regional water cycle responds to recent climate change in northwest aridzone of China ? » HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/481.
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Climate change has posed significant challenges for the world's sustainable development, and the water cycle is highly dependent on the climate system. In particular, the arid zone fragile ecosystems in northwest China are highly vulnerable to the sophisticated hydrological variations. While ground-based measurements are less capable for large scale hydrological modelling, remote sensing techniques offer enhanced and effective alternatives for various hydrological states/fluxes. With the advancement of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, the Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS), an integrative measurement of regional hydro-climatic environment, can now be measured as well for examining the overall hydrological response to recent climate change. TWS is an essential element of the water cycle and a key state variable for land surface-atmosphere interaction. Investigating the TWS change is important for understanding the response of the water cycle to climate change. In this study, the intra-annual and inter-annual spatio-temporal change pattern of TWS in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China during 2003-2015 are characterized from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Tellus data products. Sub-regional re-analysis reveals that the increasing/decreasing rate in sub-regions, namely, Altay Mountains (ATM), Junggar Basin (JGB), Tianshan Mountains (TSM), Tarim Basin (TRB) and Kunlun Mountains (KLM), are - 3.41mm, -5.82mm, -6.76mm, -2.59mm and +3.05mm per year in unit of equivalent water height (EWH), respectively. The results suggest that TWS variation presents certain spatio-temporal patterns with spatial heterogeneity. The uncertainties from different GRACE products are also assessed. In conjunction with gridded meteorological data products and land surface model simulations of hydrological variables, the heterogeneous mechanisms of seasonal TWS change are analyzed. The correlation relationship among various hydrologic states/fluxes variables (e.g. snow water, soil water, snow amount) and climatic variables (e.g. temperature and precipitation) with GRACE-derived TWS variation in different sub-regions are investigated. The findings appear to indicate that 1) temperature month-over-month change and temperature anomaly with 4- month time lag, rather than precipitation, are more capable to explain the intra- annual TWS variation; 2) In most part of the study area, the TWS intra-annual change can be primarily attributed to the snow accumulation in winter and melt in spring. On the other hand, the glacier mass variation, which is particularly sensitive to recent climate change, could be a substantial contributor to inter-annual TWS change. The elevation trends over glaciers are estimated based on ICESat altimetry measurements. Correlation analysis results suggest that, during 2003- 2009, the inter-annual TWS loss in Tianshan Mountains (TSM) was tightly associated with glacier mass variation induced by temperature change, particularly in summer. In contrast, TWS gain in Kunlun Mountains (KLM) can be attributed to glacier mass increase. By utilizing remote sensing observation techniques/products, this study has characterized the spatio-temporal change pattern of TWS in northwest arid zone of China, as well as the underlying mechanism. It suggests that TWS is an effective indicator of regional climate change. This study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrologic and climatic processes in arid zone water cycle, and could be beneficial for regional water resources management and climate change adaptation effort.
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Doughty, S. David. « The influence of inlet modifications, geologic framework, and storms on the recent evolution of Masonboro Island, NC / ». Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2006/doughtys/sdaviddoughty.pdf.
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Goodwin, Bradley Patrick. « Recent Environmental Changes on the Antarctic Peninsula as Recorded in an ice core from the Bruce Plateau ». The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373468400.
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Hackett, Robert Duane. « Recent changes in management styles in Mexico and the United States and their consistency with Likert's system 4 / ». Ann Arbor, MI : UMI, 2003. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00076901.pdf.
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Wasserman, Sean M. « Analyzing the Effects of Credit Rating Changes, the Recent Financial Crisis and Other Variables on Firms' Debt Levels ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/151.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper utilizes a sample of firms over the years 2000–2009 to test the effects of credit rating changes, the financial crisis, interest rates, and other variables on short-term, long-term, and total debt levels on the balance sheet. Each independent variable was created using a one year lag in order to run the regressions. The values of these variables from the previous year are being analyzed to see if they can predict debt levels for the following year. The results of this paper suggest that levels of long-term and total debt are somewhat reliant on and are positively correlated with the federal funds rate. The results indicate that short-term debt levels are much harder to predict, but they appear to be negatively correlated with the financial crisis. Long-term debt levels were also affected by this variable, but were positively correlated with it. Z-score was a significant predictor of all types of debt, and was positively correlated with each. In an effort to acquire as many data points as possible for the regressions, strict data filtration techniques were used. This limited the sample to 177 firms. The overall insignificance of the results in this study suggest that further research on what drives debt levels on the balance sheet is necessary. This will generate a greater understanding of firm behavior both inside and outside of a financial crisis.
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Huang, Yu. « Global legality requirements and chain of custody certification : potential impacts of recent changes on China's wood products industry ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43951.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Many initiatives have been designed to reduce illegal logging and to legitimize the associated forest products trade. The latest governmental initiatives include the United States Lacey Act Amendment (US LAA) and the European Union Timber Regulation (EU TR). A key non-governmental initiative is Chain of Custody (CoC) certification. Since China is a very large importer of primary wood products and a major exporter of value-added wood products, it is critical to understand the impacts of these initiatives on China.
The study aims to analyze the potential impacts of the US LAA, the EU TR, and CoC certification on China's wood products industry at two levels. First, at the individual producer level, 107 export-oriented Chinese wooden furniture manufacturers were randomly selected to investigate their perceptions of and responses to these initiatives. Guided by an integrated innovation-adoption model, the study identified the factors that affect a firm's legal compliance and its propensity to adopt CoC certification. Second, at the wood products industry level, the potential longer-term impacts of the US LAA and the EU TR on China's wood products industry were estimated using the International Forest and Forest Products (IFFP) trade model.
There were several key results. First, at the individual producer level, multiple linear regression identified factors that were statistically significant in determining a firm's willingness to comply with legality requirements. They included the natural logarithm of firm size, the natural logarithm of export proportion, the interaction between opportunity and: client pressure, the natural logarithm of export experience and the natural logarithm of export proportion. Second, at the individual producer level, binary logistic regression suggested that client pressure, firm size, and the expectation of general benefits were statistically significant in determining a firm's decision to adopt CoC certification. Third, at the wood products industry level, the IFFP results indicated that these governmental initiatives in the US/EU might decrease the production and net export of China's plywood, veneer sheet, and fibreboard. The results also indicated an increase in China's sawnwood and particleboard production, and a decrease in their net imports.
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Orr, Harriet Georgina. « The impact of recent changes in land use and climate of the River Lune : implications for catchment management ». Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341204.
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Fung, Po-kwong, et 馮寶光. « How to provide quality service in view of recent changes : a study of the private property management industry ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196803X.
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Cajas, Diego. « Characterising the challenges and responses of Ecuadorian universities to recent EFL language policy changes : a mixed methods study ». Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/103475/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 2010, Article 124 of the new Ecuadorian Higher Education Law stipulated that university students need to master a foreign language as a requirement for graduation. Subsequent regulations specified that this requirement had to be a B1 level, based on the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). To identify the responses, challenges and tensions that universities experienced in complying with the requirements of Article 124, an explanatory sequential mixed methods study was conducted. This comprised a survey that was administered to language centre Directors, EFL teachers and EFL students in 14 universities located in 10 different cities in the country, in-depth interviews conducted with teachers, and focus group interviews with students from 3 universities. Results of this research showed that responses of participating universities focused mainly on their physical and information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure development, and less on pedagogy and management due to dependence on the use of overseas textbooks and the adoption of the Common European Framework language indicators as the proposed EFL outcomes for ELT programmes. Challenges faced by university stakeholders included lack of budget for infrastructure and ICT improvement, effective ICT integration, identification of a target EFL language level, and a lack of status of English in the participating universities. Out of these responses and challenges, tensions emerged related to teaching qualifications and access to appropriate institutional resources for teachers. Using Mahboob and Tilakaratna’s (2012) Principles-Based Approach for English Language Teaching Policies and Practices as a lens through which to analyse EFL language policy, the study found that the principles of collaboration, alignment and transparency were not sufficiently realised and there was a lack of evidence and empowerment among Ecuadorian universities. Thus, the study proposes a more contextualised and consensual approach to formulating EFL language policy, in which English can be integrated into institutional processes that promote globalisation and the internationalisation of universities.
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Xu, Hui. « Recent changes in land use in south-east Scotland : an approach with integration of remote sensing and GIS ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20316.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate and to evaluate an alternative method for monitoring changes in land use through a selected study for a test location in south-east Scotland, with application of state-of-the-art approaches where possible. The specific objectives are: (1) to consider existing methods for image classification and integrated mapping of land use/land cover; (2) to construct the patterns and trends of recent changes in land use/land cover in south-east Scotland with a combination of different data sources and methods; (3) to test the feasibility of remote sensing data in land use/land cover studies integrated with GIS techniques and (4) to evaluate different data and methods adopted in the study and to explore their relationships. Using the available data sources of agricultural statistics, Landsat images and additional statistical and cartographic data, the principal methods include cartographic representation of the parish summaries, analysis of their temporal changes and establishment of relationships between different land use variables, as well as training, classification, accuracy assessment and comparison of Landsat images. They are integrated in the GIS to meet the research requirements and to supplement findings of each other. The main facets of changes in land use in south-east Scotland since the late 1940s are revealed in the study, through analysis of the available parish summaries. The general characteristics of the land use/land cover patterns show a continuation of previous findings. They also reflect changes in government policies.
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Fung, Po-kwong. « How to provide quality service in view of recent changes : a study of the private property management industry / ». Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18812521.
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de, Jong Johannes Tyler. « Recent Changes in Glacier Facies Zonation on Devon Ice Cap, Nunavut, Detected from SAR Imagery and Field Validation Methods ». Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24367.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Glacier facies represent distinct regions of a glacier surface characterized by near surface structure and density that develop as a function of spatial variations in surface melt and accumulation. In post freeze-up (autumn) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite imagery, the glacier ice zone and dry snow zone have a relatively low backscatter due to the greater penetration of the radar signal into the surface. Conversely, the saturation and percolation zones are identifiable based on their high backscatter due to the presence of ice lenses and pipes acting as efficient scatterers. In this study, EnviSat ASAR imagery is used to monitor the progression of facies zones across Devon Ice Cap (DIC) from 2004 to 2011. This data is validated against in situ surface temperatures, mass balance data, and ground penetrating radar surveys from the northwest sector of DIC. Based on calibrated (sigma nought) EnviSat ASAR backscatter values, imagery from autumn 2004 to 2011 shows the disappearance of the ‘pseudo’ dry snow zone at high elevations, the migration of the glacier and superimposed ice zones to higher elevations, and reduction in area of the saturation/percolation zone. In 2011, the glacier and superimposed ice zone were at their largest extent, occupying 92% of the ice cap, leaving the saturation/percolation zone at 8% of the total area. This is indicative of anomalously high summer melt and strongly negative mass balance conditions on DIC, which results in the infilling of pore space in the exposed firn and consequent densification of the ice cap at higher elevations.
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Stoecklin, Maria Theresa. « A prospective study of physical activity and changes in anthropometry in women with a recent history of breast cancer / ». For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Jenkins, Michael Paul. « The impacts of recent and predicted climate variability on the river hydrology and water resources of the Taff catchment, South Wales, UK ». Thesis, Swansea University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678594.
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Moisan, Yves. « Recent geomorphic changes in the snout and proglacial zone of the White and Thompson glaciers, Axel Heiberg Island, Northwest Territories ». Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60492.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Current geomorphic processes and recent morphological changes were investigated in the lower ablation and proglacial zones of the White and Thompson glacier complex, Axel Heiberg Island, Northwest Territories. Study of glacier front evolution and frontal moraine development over the last three decades (1959-1989) is based on photographic, cartographic and geodetic information acquired by researchers since the late 1950's updated by surveys of glacier-distal moraine perimeter position in the summer of 1989. Even though both glaciers are juxtaposed in the lowermost ablation zone, it was found that the White Glacier has receded circa 100 m while the Thompson Glacier front has progressed downvalley by approximately 500 m. Other findings include: (1) the uneven retreat of the White Glacier ice front; (2) the shrinking widthwise of the White Glacier and lengthwise of its frontal moraine due to the pushing action of the advancing Thompson Glacier and (3) the asymmetric development of the Thompson Glacier frontal moraine.A series of measured transects and comparative photography for 1989 and 1990 provided information on short-term morphologic changes occurring within and beyond the moraine complex.
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Sundermeier, Janina, et Tobias Aust. « Russia, a fast-changing market - An approach to meet recent and upcoming business-impacting changes properly, exemplified by the medical technical sector ». Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-17858.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and especially during the last decade, a multitude of changes and reforms affecting the business environment of the Russian Federation were observable. This thesis discusses already existing findings and theories dealing with business-impacting changes in the Russian market and investigates their impact on companies operating in the medical technical sector. Moreover, it is examined to what extent networks serve as a mediator between recent and upcoming business-impacting changes and medical device companies. For this purpose, an explanatory multiple case study is conducted which comprises two cases of medical technical companies as well as two institutions which are very familiar with the Russian market. The empirical analysis is based on a framework which summarizes in literature identified business-impacting changes. These are the membership of the WTO, the increasing overall wealth of the Russian population, different political programs to fight corruption and to decrease the extent of bureaucracy as well as various kinds of health care reforms which are launched to deal with the poor health care outcomes of the Russian Federation. Contrary to findings in literature, it is found that the WTO membership as well as the launch of different political programs has no notable impact on companies operating in the medical technical sector. Different health care reforms and an increasing overall wealth of the Russian population, on the other hand, have positive impacts on the demand for medical device products. Moreover, access to well-established networks in the Russian market is a possibility for medical device producers to evaluate the actual effect of business-impacting changes and to initiate corresponding activities. It was found that a clear distinction between different kinds of networks, such as business and social networks, cannot be clearly made for the case of the Russian market.