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James, Randy. « Managing C/N ratios in horse manure utilization systems / ». The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487859879937403.
Texte intégralHon, Gloudina Maria. « The role of N-6 and N-3 pufa ratios in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis ». Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1482.
Texte intégralIn multiple sclerosis (MS) the myelin sheaths surrounding the axons in the brain are mainly affected by the disease process. Myelin consists for the most part of lipids and proteins. An abnormality in essential fatty acid metabolism is known to be present in patients with MS (Horrobin, 1979), reflected in a high ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in cell membranes. It has also been established previously that the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders is aggravated by excessive consumption of n-6 fatty acids relative to n-3 fatty acids (Guesnet et al., 2005),and it has been shown that ingesting a larger proportion of n-3 fatty acids could be crucial in the regulation of cellular physiology and in the prevention of pathologies such as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Modern Western medical treatment for autoimmune diseases, which includes MS, involves the administration of immunosuppressive drugs, such as beta interferon, cortisone (prednisone), methotrexate and cytoxan, which reduce the effectiveness of the entire Immune system, and can have serious, sometimes life threatening, side effec1s (Perlmutter, 2006, htlp:/Iwww.msfac1s.org). It would therefore be of interest to investigate other options for treatment Although there is an extensive literature on fatly acids in MS, the actual details of the mechanisms of fatly add imbalances in MS have not been established. It would therefore be advisable to Investigate the abnormality of the MS cell membrane fatly acid profile. Previous studies focused on individual fatty acids, but it would be more relevant to investigate the relationships within and between the n-6 and n-3 series, and their effect on outcome, and to establish any possible cumulative effects, because the metabolism of fatty adds within the two series does have an effect on one another.
Huidobro, Munoz Laura Andrea. « Imbalances in N-6/N-3 PUFA ratios and inflammatory markers as predictors of gestational diabetes ». Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536864.
Texte intégralDenis, Bacelar Ana Maria. « Isomeric ratios of high-spin states in neutron-deficient N≈126 nuclei produced in projectile fragmentation reactions ». Thesis, University of Brighton, 2012. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/62edb7eb-7e42-4e1e-be42-6926ccf600d0.
Texte intégralHerda, Pavel. « Ekonomická analýza společnosti Budějovický Budvar, n. p ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198091.
Texte intégralMakhoul-Karam, Noha. « Calcul en Tranches de Temps, Redimensionnement & ; Schéma Parallèle en Temps par la Méthode des Ratios ». Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743132.
Texte intégralMeyer, Anne. « Étude expérimentale des réactions ¹³N(a,p)¹⁶O et ³⁰P(p,g)³¹S, et impact sur les abondances isotopiques extrêmes en ¹³C, ¹⁵N et ³⁰Si dans les grains pré-solaires ». Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS013.
Texte intégralPrimitive meteorites contain several types of dust grains that condensed in different stellar environments and survived destruction in the early Solar System. The stellar sources where these presolar grains come from are identified through comparisons between measurements of isotopic abundances and predictions by stellar models. In this manuscript is presented a detailed analysis of two experiments performed at the ALTO facility, using the split-pole magnetic spectrometer, aiming at reducing the nuclear uncertainties associated to two reactions which rate uncertainty affects the synthesis of isotopes used to identify putative novae grains. These grains are characterised by extremely high ¹³C, ¹⁵N and ³⁰Si isotopic abundances, but isotopic signatures found in a few grains indicate also a possible core-collapse supernovae (CCSN) origin. We first study the impact of the ¹³N(a,p)¹⁶O reaction rate uncertainty on ¹³C abundances predicted by recent CCSN models. We perform a re-evaluation of this reaction rate using a Monte Carlo approach to obtain meaningful statistical uncertainties. Alpha partial widths of states in the ¹⁷F compound nucleus are determined using the spectroscopic informations of the analog states in the ¹⁷O mirror nucleus that were measured using the ¹³C(7Li,t)¹⁷O alpha-transfer reaction. We then study the ³⁰P(p,g)³¹S reaction, which is one of the few remaining reactions which rate uncertainty has a strong impact on classical novae model predictions, in particular for ³⁰Si abundances. To reduce the nuclear uncertainties associated to this reaction, we studied the ³¹P(³He,t)³¹S reaction. Triton and proton decays from the populated states in ³¹S were detected simultaneously using the spectrometer and silicon strip detectors. The study of the angular correlations of proton decays is presented and branching ratios are extracted
Mahajan, Thejus. « Excitation and fragmentation of CnN⁺ (n=1-3) molecules in collisions with He atoms at intermediate velocity ; fundamental aspects and application to astrochemistry ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS311/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis studies the aftermath of collision between singly positively charged Nitrogenated carbon species CnN⁺ (n=0,1,2,3) and neutral Helium atom at a velocity of 2.25 au. At this velocity, close to the velocity of outer electrons in atoms and molecules, several electronic processes take place and are near their maximum of probability such as ionisation (single, double, triple …), electronic excitation and electron capture (single and double). We looked at their cross sections and how their evolution with the molecule size. Following the collision the molecule can fragment, which leads to another interesting aspect, the fragmentation branching ratios. Collision experiments were done using a Tandem accelerator at Orsay that produced the CnN⁺ projectiles and a dedicated set-up, AGAT, to capture the flying fragments/intact molecule after collision according to their charge to mass ratio. Knowing the number of particles that are shot and the fact that our set-up allows no loss of fragments/intact molecule, we could get the probabilities of various fragments formed. Using these probabilities and a knowledge of the Helium jet profile used, we could measure their cross sections. The probabilities alone are sufficient to obtain the fragmentation branching ratios.The next step was to use a theoretical model to simulate the collision. We used Independent Atom and Electron (IAE) model coupled with Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method to calculate the desired cross sections. A general good agreement was obtained, with the exception of double electron capture. The model could also predict, through the calculation of the species internal energy, the fragmentation branching ratios of cations CnN⁺ after electronic excitation. Also, the branching ratios were used to construct semi-empirical Breakdown Curves (BDCs), which are internal energy dependent dissociation branching ratios specific to each molecule, type, size and charge. With those, we could recommend products branching ratios to be used for various processes of astrochemical interest. The products branching ratios will be made available for a wider network of researchers under the international Kinetic Database for Astrochemistry (KIDA).This thesis was realized under the doctoral programme of Ecole Doctorale Ondes et Matiere (EDOM) with Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO) where the author was given an office and Université Paris-Sud where the author is formally enrolled
Zerrouki, Thileli. « Triaxialité et coexistence de forme dans les noyaux proches de la fermeture de couche N = 82 : évolution de forme et rotation magnétique dans ¹⁴¹Nd ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112069/document.
Texte intégralThis PhD work was devoted to the study of exotic nuclear rotation and stable triaxiality at very high spin. In, nuclei with a few holes in the N = 82 shell closure, which exhibit a large variety of excitations at medium and high spins. The peculiar feature of these nuclei is the existence of coexisting shapes, spherical and triaxial, up to very high spins.During my PhD I analyzed an experiment performed with the Euroball multidetector at IPHC (Strasbourg) for the study of high-spin states in ¹⁴¹Nd populated using the ⁹⁶Zr (⁴⁸Ca, 3n) fusion-evaporation reaction. We have identified several high-spin bands and developed the level scheme up to an excitation energy and spin of 19 MeV and 81/2⁻ , respectively, which are much higher than previously published (9.4 MeV and 49⁄2 ℏ). Three new dipole bands and three new ΔI = 2 rotational bands have been identified. The main yrast sequence was extended up to spin 61/2⁻.A detailed interpretation of the observed bands was performed, for the first time, using theoretical calculations with Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky (CNS) and the Tilted Axis Cranking (TAC) models. A consistent interpretation of most of the observed bands was realized. They appear to be based on nearly spherical for the main sequence, slightly deformed for the dipole bands and triaxially deformed minima for the ΔI = 2 bands. The observed level structure of ¹⁴¹Nd reveals the capability of the nuclei with a few holes in the N = 82 shell closure to acquire different shapes and to rotate around a principal or a tilted axis relative to the intrinsic reference system, as in the case of the ¹³⁸Nd and ¹⁴⁰Nd nuclei recently studied by our group
Mello, Mauricio Homem de. « N-acetilcisteina e dapsona : avaliação da toxicidade hematológica e bioquímica em ratos Wistar ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-17052007-163457/.
Texte intégralDapsone is the choice drug to treat leprosy, but induces hemotoxicity. Its damage is directly related to N-hydroxylated metabolites. This is the principal route of metabolism for dapsone, and produces reactive compounds, N-hydroxylamines. To evaluate the influence of N-acetylcysteine on induced hematological and biochemical toxicity by dapsone, it was given to Wistar rats as a monotherapy, at 40 mg/kg or associated to N-acetylcysteine at 75 mg/kg, at the same time or previously. The obtained results shows that the interaction between N-acetylcysteine and dapsone increased the hemotoxicity induced by dapsone, mainly on the methemoglobin percentage increase. Regarding the other studied parameters: glutathione, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), complete hemogram, reticulocytes counting, osmotic fragility and haptoglobin dosage, results were confusing and lack of conclusions. Data observed in this project allowed to affirm that N-acetylcysteine association improved the dapsone hemotoxicity as showed by statistical variance analysis (ANOVA), by Tukey-Kramer test, with confidence level fixed at p value <0,05.
Léguillon, Romain. « Triaxialité et isomèrisme à hauts spins dans les noyaux proches de la fermeture de couche N = 82 ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932123.
Texte intégralSilva, Daiana Aparecida da [UNIFESP]. « Efeitos da ayahuasca na memoria emocional de ratos ». Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2012. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/22380.
Texte intégralA ayahuasca e uma palavra da lingua nativa americana Quechua comumente traduzida como cipo das almas. E uma decoccao alucinogena preparada com plantas psicoativas. O cha contem N, N-dimetiltriptamina (DMT), um potente agente psicodelico proveniente da Psychotria viridis e tambem contem os alcaloides β-carbolinicos contidos na Banisteriopsis caapi. Estas carbolinas β- carbolinas inibem a enzima monoaminaoxidase e, desta maneira as β-carbolinas protegem DMT de ser degradada. Assim, DMT e capaz de atravessar a barreira hematoencefalica, se liga a receptores 5-HT2, exercendo o seu efeito. Estudos mostram que os voluntarios relataram um estado altamente emocional e, correspondentemente, a inGestão da ayahuasca causou uma elevada atividade cerebral na amigdala e giro parahipocampal, estruturas envolvidas na aprendizagem emocional e memoria. Utilizando os modelos de condicionamento de medo ao contexto e ao som, nos verificamos se a administracao oral de ayahuasca antes, imediatamente apos a o treino, e a manipulacao farmacologica pre-teste poderia interferir com os processos mnemonicos. Os nossos resultados mostraram que as administracoes das doses 250, 500 ou 750 mg/kg nao afetaram a aquisicao das tarefas de CMC e CMS. Diferentes doses de ayahuasca (50 ou 500 mg/kg) administradas imediatamente apos o treino nao afetaram a consolidacao do CMC. Alem disso, as doses 50 e 500 mg/kg nao alteraram a consolidacao do CMS. A administracao pre-teste de ayahuasca (50 e 500 mg/kg) nao alterou o teste de evocacao 1 em ambas as tarefas (CMC/CMS), e nem o teste de evocacao 2 para o CMS. No entanto, a administracao pre-teste de ayahuasca 500 mg/kg causou um decrescimo significativo no comportamento de congelamento dos ratos do teste de evocacao 1 para o teste 2, na tarefa de condicionamento de medo ao contexto. Estes resultados sugerem que a ayahuasca pode facilitar a extincao da memoria aversiva dependente principalmente do hipocampo e possivelmente da amigdala
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Lima, Thania Rios Rossi. « Células germinativas e células de Leydig em modelo de dano testicular no rato ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153217.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Evidências epidemiológicas sugerem a influência de xenobióticos no aumento da incidência de desordens do trato reprodutor masculino como criptorquidia, hipospadia, baixa qualidade do sêmen e tumores testiculares. Dentre elas, a criptorquidia é a anomalia congênita mais comum em meninos e é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de infertilidade e tumor testicular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar morfologicamente os testículos de ratos criptorquídicos expostos in utero e no período pós-natal à acrilamida (AA) ou ao di-n-butil-ftalato (DBP). Durante a gestação e a lactação, as ratas prenhes foram expostas a AA 10 mg/kg/dia ou DBP 500 mg/kg/dia por gavagem e dieta, respectivamente. Após o desmame (dia pós-natal; DPN 21), a prole masculina foi submetida a cirurgia de criptorquidia (CPT), revertida por orquidopexia (R) após três semanas, continuamente expostos aos xenobióticos por dieta até a eutanásia quando com 16, 31 ou 58 semanas de idade. Os testículos foram avaliados por sistema de classificação de danos histológicos, imunohistoquímica para os antígenos tirosina quinase Kit (c-Kit) e fosfatase alcalina placentária (PLAP), e análise morfométrica das células de Leydig. Os resultados mostraram redução do peso corpóreo apenas no grupo AA/CPT-R na 16ª semana, mas ambos os grupos tratados apresentaram uma redução progressiva no peso testicular absoluto e no volume testicular em todos os momentos de estudo. As alterações histológicas apresentaram maior severidade nos grupos AA/CPT-R e DBP/CPT-R. Na 31ª e 58ª semanas, em animais do grupo AA/CPT-R foi encontrada predominância significativa de túbulos com células marcadas com c-Kit associada à redução da imunorreatividade para PLAP; o grupo DBP/CPT-R apresentou redução da imunorreatividade para PLAP na 58ª semana. Na 16ª semana, o volume total ocupado pelas células de Leydig apresentou-se diminuído em ambos os grupos expostos às substâncias químicas; o índice Leydigossomático (volume relacionado a massa corporal) apresentou-se diminuído no grupo DBP/CPT-R. O número de células de Leydig/ml apresentou-se aumentado no grupo DBP/CPT-R na 16ª semana, e também nos grupos AA/CPT-R e DBP/CPT-R nas 31ª e 58ª semanas. Os métodos de avaliação testicular adotados são individualmente capazes de detectar o dano testicular e, particularmente, o comprometimento da espermatogênese. Este modelo experimental mostrou-se útil para avaliar alterações testiculares induzidas por xenobióticos.
Epidemiological evidence suggests the influence of xenobiotics on the increased incidence of male reproductive tract disorders such as cryptorchidism, hypospadias, poor semen quality and testicular tumors. Among them, cryptorchidism is the most common congenital anomaly in boys and is a risk factor for the development of infertility and testicular tumor. The aim of this study was to evaluate morphologically the testes of cryptorchid rats exposed in utero and postnatally to the acrylamide (AA) or di-n-butyl-phthalate (DBP). During gestation and lacta-tion, dams were exposed to AA 10 mg/kg/day or DBP 500 mg/kg/day by gavage and diet, respectively. After weaning (postnatal day; PND 21), male pups were surgically made cryp-torchid (CPT), reverted by orchiopexy (R) three weeks later, continuously exposed to the xe-nobiotics by diet until euthanasia when 16-, 31- or 58-week old. The testes were evaluated by histological damage classification system, immunohistochemical for the antigens tyrosine kinase Kit (c-Kit) and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), and morphometric analysis of Leydig cells. The results showed a decrease in the body weight only in the AA/CPT-R group at 16th week, but both treated groups presented a progressive decrease in the absolute testicu-lar weight and testicular volume in all the moments of study. The histological alterations pre-sented greater severity in the AA/CPT-R and DBP/CPT-R groups. A significant predomi-nance of tubules with c-Kit strongly labeled cells was found in the AA/CPT-R group at the 31st and 58th weeks after birth, associated to reduction of the immunoreactivity for PLAP; DBP/CPT-R group presented decreased immunoreactivity for PLAP at the 58th week. The total volume occupied by Leydig cells decreased in both chemically-exposed groups at the 16th week; Leydig-somatic index (volume related to the body mass) was significantly de-creased in the DBP/CPT-R group. The number of Leydig cells/ml was increased in the DBP/CPT-R group at the 16th week, and in the AA/CPT-R and DBP/CPT-R groups at the 31st and 58th weeks. The methods of testicular evaluation adopted are individually able to detect testicular damage and, particularly, the compromising of the spermatogenesis. This experi-mental model showed to be useful to evaluate testicular alterations induced by xenobiotics.
FAPESP: 2012/09873-4
Bock, Hugo. « Perfil ontogenético da transcrição de subunidades do receptor N-Metil-D-Aspartato (NMDA) em estruturas cerebrais de ratos ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18800.
Texte intégralGlutamate (Glu) is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system and is involved in cerebral functions such as learning/memory, development, and cerebral aging. The changes in vulnerability of neurons during postnatal development can be partially explained by changes in expression of glutamate receptors subunits (GluRs). In this work, we aimed to determine expression profile of ionotropic Nmethil- D-aspartate (NMDA) GluR subunits in four brain structures (cortex, cerebellum, striatum and hippocampus) in different stages of postnatal rat development by relative quantification real-time PCR using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh) as endogenous control. Significant changes in Grin1 expression were demonstrated in almost each age from all structures in relation to the initial postnatal expression level. Levels of expression of Grin2A were lower in cerebellum with a gradual raising pattern and high levels in adulthood in cortex and hippocampus. Grin2B expression levels were found to show a decreasing pattern in cerebellum as well as in hippocampus. Conversely, Grin2C expression pattern was found to show an increasing tendency in all four brain structures being more evident in cerebellum with significantly high expression levels. Expression profile of Grin2D was also characterized by a tendency to a drop in expression levels throughout adulthood. This tendency was well defined mainly in cerebellum and in hippocampus. Grin3A and Grin3B expression were found to show a non specific tendency. In the case of Grin3B, even levels of expression were seen with a marked exception of a peak in expression in cerebellum of 10-days old rats. Data generated in this study brings new insight in the field of GluRs expression and might contribute to unmask potential targets for the development of more effective therapies for many disorders.
Rolim, Filho Luiz de Arruda. « Proteção miocardica tardia por cloridrato de 6,7-dimetoxi-4-N-(3'-N,N-dimetilfenil) aminoquinazolina em corações isolados de ratos ». [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310210.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Fundamentação: O pré-condicionamento isquêmico (PCI) é uma resposta adaptativa, na qual a exposição a breves períodos de isquemia aumenta a capacidade do miocárdio em resistir à isquemia prolongada. Originalmente, o PCI foi descrito como uma adaptação imediata do miocárdio a curtos episódios de isquemia, mas atualmente sabemos que se trata de um fenômeno bifásico. O fenômeno de PCI agudo é mediado por mecanismos de sinalização intracelulares. Diversos hormônios, neurotransmissores e substâncias de liberação local são considerados gatilho desse fenômeno, dentre eles se destaca a adenosina (ADO). Por outro lado, o PCI tardio envolve a transcrição gênica. Evidências indicam que a NOS possui papel importante na geração e manutenção do PCI agudo e tardio do miocárdio. No presente trabalho utilizamos o DMA, um derivado de 4-anilinoquinazolinas e inibidor da atividade tirosina quinases da família de receptores EGF, como um indutor farmacológico de proteção miocárdica contra os danos da isquemia / reperfusão. OBJETIVO: Os objetivos do presente trabalho são: 1 - avaliar o efeito do composto derivado quinazolinico DMA (Cloridrato de 6,7-dimetóxi-4-N-(3'-N,N-dimetilfenil) aminoquinazolina) como indutor de proteção tardia na prevenção de danos da isquemia / reperfusão em corações isolados de ratos; 2 - avaliar a participação de oxido nítrico sinteíase (NOS) na proteção tardia induzida pelo DMA em corações isolados de ratos RESULTADOS: Os ratos foram tratados com doses únicas de DMA (1,2 mg/Kg, via endovenosa) ou veículo (DMSO) por períodos que variaram de 24 a 72 horas de antecedência ao protocolo de isquemia / reperfusão (l/R) em corações isolados. Esse protocolo foi composto de um registro de 10 minutos para período controle, 30 minutos de isquemia e 35 minutos de reperfusão. Animais tratados com veículo apresentaram aumento da pressão diastólica no ventrículo esquerdo (VE), enquanto que a pressão sistólica no VE manteve-se nos mesmos níveis do período controle. Sendo assim, a pressão desenvolvida no VE foi reduzida nestes animais. Nos animais tratados cora DMA houve aumento da pressão diastólica no VE durante a reperfusão, porém, com menor intensidade que aquele observado em corações de animais tratados com veículo. Como a pressão sistólica no VE atingiu níveis semelhantes aos do período controle, a pressão desenvolvida pelos corações de animais tratados com DMA foi maior que aquela dos corações de animais tratados com veículo, indicando proteção parcial aos efeitos da I/R. Para avaliar se a proteção conferida pelo DMA é dependente da ação de NO, os animais tomaram L-NA.ME (30mg/Kg/dia) por 3 dias antes do tratamento com DMA ou veículo, sendo o L-NAME continuamente ingerido através da água até seus corações serem submetidos ao protocolo de I/R em períodos de 24 a 72 horas após o tratamento com DMA ou veículo. Nos corações dos animais tratados com I.-NAME + veículo e nos corações dos animais tratados com L-NAME + DMA a recuperação dos batimentos foi acompanhada de aumento da pressão diastólica no VE quando comparado ao período controle. A pressão sistólica no VE atingiu níveis semelhantes àqueles do período controle. Sendo assim, a pressão desenvolvida no VE apresentou-se reduzida nos 35 minutos que se seguiram, indicando a perda da proteção parcial aos efeitos da I/R, outrora conferida pelo DMA. Para avaliar o efeito do DMA na expressão da NOS, os animais foram tratados com DMA ou veículo 24 e 48 horas antes dos experimentos de westhern blot. Os resultados indicara que 24 horas após o tratamento com DMA ocorreu aumento de cerca de 189% na quantidade de iNOS expressa no miocárdio e que nos corações de ratos tratados com DMA, com 48 horas de antecedência, ocorreu aumento de cerca de 48% na quantidade de iNOS expressa no miocárdio. CONCLUSÕES: O composto DMA induziu: I - a proteção tardia em corações isolados de ratos; 2 - a maior expressão de óxido intrico sintetase nos corações de ratos e 3 -esta proteção pode ser dependente de óxido nítrico
Abstract: Background: -The phenomenon of Ischemic preconditioning (IP) is a period of sublethal ischemia that can profoundly protect the cell from infarction during a subsequent ischemic. The cardioprotection has become known "early"' and "delayed" ischemic preconditioning, The early cardioprotection provokes the release of several autacoids that trigger protection by occupying cell surface receptors. The delayed cardioprotection confers a new protein synthesis, posttranslational protein modification, and a change in the compartments 1 bation of existing proteins. Adenosine acts to trigger ischemic preconditioning's protection. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) has been linked to the trigger and end-effector phases of delayed preconditioning. In the present work, we tested DMA, derived from 4-anilinoquinazolines, described firstly as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, belonging to EOF receptor family, to test its mechanism of action in the IP. Objectives: The aims of the present study are: 1 - to evaluate the effect of DMA (4-AM3'-AlA?-dimethylphenyl)ammo-6,7-dimethoxyqinnazoline hydrochloride) in the late delayed IP; 2 - to study the delayed protection of NO sinthetase (NOS) induced by DMA. Results: Wistar rats were once treated with DMA (1,2 rag/Kg, intravenous) or vehicle (DMSO) in the periods of 24 or 72 hours before IP protocols. The IPs were composed by 30 minutes of ischemia and 35 minutes of reperfusion. In the animals treated with vehicle it was observed increasing in the dyastolic pressure, and the systolic pressure was maintained in the same level of control. In the animals treated with DMA. it was observed increasing in the diastolic pressure (reperfusion period), but less intense than that observed in the vehicle-treated animals. As the systolic pressure observed in the DMA-treated animals had the same intensity observed in the control period, the developed pressure in the reperfusion period had the same intensity, indicating parcial effect in the IP. To evaluate whether the DMA protection is dependent on NOS, the animals were treated with L-NAME (30mg/Kg''day, before DMA or vehicle treatment] for 3 days., ft was observed in both groups, in the animals treated with L-NAME vehicle and L-NAME DMA. that the heart beating recovery was followed by increasing in the dyastolic pressure, when compared with the control period. The systolic pressure had the same level observed m the control period, indicating decrease in the partial protection. Finally, to evaluate the effects of DMA in the NOS expression, the animals were treated with DMA or vehicle 24 and 48 hours before westhern blot assays. In the animals treated 24 hours before DMA administration, it was observed increase (189%) in the iNOS expression. In addition, a 48%-increasing was observed in the animals 48 hours before DMA administration. Concluding remarks: The effects of DMA observed were: I - delayed protection, in isolated hearts from rats; 2 - increased expression of iNOS and finally 3 this protection might be dependent on nitric oxide
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
Elias, Fabiana. « Avaliação imunotóxica e de imunoteratologia de Senecio brasiliensis : estudo em ratos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-26092012-111803/.
Texte intégralThe aim of this study was to evaluate the possible immunotoxic and immunoteratogenic effects of integerrimine N-oxide content in the butanolic residue (BR) of Senecio brasiliensis, a hepatotoxic plant that contained pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). PAs have been reported as a pasture and food contaminant and as herbal medicine used worldwide and are related to promote poisoning events in livestock and human beings. After the plant extraction, BR residue from Senecio brasiliensis was submitted to elemental and spectral analyses (1H and 13C ) and was found to contain approximately 70% of integerrimine N-oxide by, which was administered to adult male Wistar rats at doses of 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg for 28 days, by gavage. Body weight gain, food consumption, lymphoid organs and their cell phenotype, phagocyte analysis, humoural and cellular immune responses, and lymphocyte proliferation were evaluated. In addition, pregnant rats received the same doses of BR from the 6th to the 20th gestational day. In late pregnancy, some of the dams were destined for cesarean section and the other females followed the pregnancy until the birth for offspring analysis at 60 days old. Fetuses from cesarean section were evaluated for size, weight, viability and external malformations and also subjected to bone analysis. The reproductive performance of females were performed. The present study showed that integerrimine N-oxide could promote in adult male Wistar rats, body weight gain impairment, interference with blood cell counts and a reducing T cell proliferative; however, no differences in phagocyte activities, lymphocytes phenotyping and immune responses here evaluated were observed. In pregnant rats, BR caused hepatotoxicity, decreased body weight gain and reduced placental size. Fetus analysis showed lower ossification. When 60-days old offspring were it was not observed any toxic effects resulted from BR exposition in body weight gain, lymphoid organs, haematological and biochemical parameters of these rats. It is concluded that low doses of integerrimine N-oxide here employed did not produce marked immunotoxic effects and seems to be a teratogenic signs by both methods, the classical evaluations or by immunoteratological protocols.
Beaman, Angela Renee. « Irradiance, total nitrogen, and nitrate-N ammonium-N ratio requirements for optimal edible biomass production of basil / ». [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
Trouver le texte intégralMateus, Fabiano Henrique. « Influência de solventes na disposição cinética e no metabolismo enantiosseletivos do verapamil em ratos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-20052008-104142/.
Texte intégralVerapamil (VER) is a chiral compound which is commercialized as a racemic mixture of the (+)-(R)-VER and (-)-(S)-VER enantiomers. VER is biotransformed into norverapamil (NOR) and other metabolites through CYP-dependent pathways. Toluene and n-hexane are organic solvents that can alter the metabolism of CYP-dependent drugs. The present study investigated the stereoselectivity in the pharmacokinetics of racemic VER administered to rats at a dose of 10 mg kg-1 and of its metabolite NOR. In addition, the influence of n-hexane and toluene on the kinetic disposition of the (+)-(R) and (-)-(S)-VER and (R)- and (S)-NOR enantiomers was analyzed in animals exposed by nose-only inhalation to n-hexane at concentrations of 88, 176 and 352 mg/m3 and to toluene at concentrations of 94, 188 and 376 mg/m3. The VER and NOR enantiomers were separated on a Chiralpak® AD chiral phase column and analyzed by LC-MS/MS (m/z = 441.3->165.5 for the NOR enantiomers and m/z 455.3->165.5 for the VER enantiomers). Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a monocompartmental model. The pharmacokinetics of VER was stereoselective in control rats not treated with the solvents, with plasma accumulation of the (-)-(S)-VER eutomer (AUC0-? = 250.8 vs 120.4 ng mL-1 h; P<=0.05, Wilcoxon test). The (S)-NOR metabolite was also found to accumulate in plasma of control animals, with an S/R AUC0-? ratio of 1.5. The pharmacokinetic parameters AUC0-?, Cl/F, Vd/F and t1/2 obtained for the (-)-S-VER, (+)-(R)-VER, (S)-NOR and (R)-NOR enantiomers were not altered by nose-only exposure to n-hexane at concentrations of 88, 176 and 352 mg/m3 or to toluene at concentrations of 94, 188 and 376 mg/m3 (P<=0.05), Kruskal-Wallis test). However, exposure to 176 and 352 mg/m3 n-hexane and to 94, 188 and 376 mg/m3 toluene resulted in the loss of enantioselectivity observed for the control group.
Kincheski, Grasielle Clotildes. « Condicionamento olfatório aversivo induzido pela estimulação química da matéria cinzenta periaquedutal dorsolateral de ratos ». Florianópolis, SC, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95133.
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Pistas olfatórias associadas a estímulos aversivos são capazes de ativar estruturas neurais relacionadas ao comportamento defensivo (CD), incluindo a parte dorsolateral da matéria cinzenta periaquedutal (MCPdl). A estimulação química da MCPdl em ratos possui um caráter motivacional aversivo, relacionado com as emoções de medo/ansiedade. Desta forma, o presente estudo foi delineado para verificar a hipótese de que o estado aversivo induzido pela estimulação química da MCPdl poderia ser usado como um estímulo incondicionado (EI), em um condicionamento olfatório aversivo (COA). Além disso, a natureza aversiva deste condicionamento foi avaliada em ratos tratados com midazolam (MDZ), um benzodiazepínico, ou quando microinjetados com DPAT ou WAY na MCPdl, agonista e antagonista dos receptores 5-HT1A da serotonina, respectivamente. Ainda, o bloqueio dos adrenoceptores do tipo beta no núcleo pré-mamilar dorsal (PMd) e a lesão da parte ventral do núcleo anteromedial do tálamo (AMv) e do núcleo reuniens (RE) foram realizados para investigar as vias anatômicas envolvida neste COA induzido pela estimulação química da MCPdl. O resente estudo confirmou a hipótese de que a estimulação quimica da CPdl com NMDA 100 pmol pode ser usado como EI biologicamente relevante, capaz de propiciar um COA. Neste COA, o tratamento com MDZ prejudicou a aquisição e a expressão dos CDs, enfatizando o potencial do modelo em predizer respostas relacionadas à ansiedade. Em relação à modulação serotoninérgica na MCPdl, DPAT nas doses de 4 e 8 nmol prejudicou a aquisição do COA, enquanto que WAY 7 nmol promoveu um aumento dos CDs durante a sessão de familiarização, ou seja, uma generalização dos CDs. Além disso, DPAT na dose de 4 nmol facilitou a aquisição do COA quando uma dose maior de NMDA (200 nmol) foi administrada na MCPdl, assim como WAY 7 nmol facilitou a aquisição do COA quando uma dose menor de NMDA (50 pmol) foi microinjetada na MCPdl. Desta forma, os resultados demonstraram que os receptores 5-HT1A na MCPdl podem modular o aprendizado induzido pela estimulação desta estrutura em um COA. Por fim, os resultados também destacaram uma via da MCPdl para o núcleo hipotalâmico anterior (AHN), do AHN para o PMd e, do AHN e PMd para o tálamo (AMV + RE). Esta foi a via ascendente proposta, pela qual a MCPdl pode estar interagindo com estruturas mais rostrais no cérebro durante o aprendizado. Deste modo, este trabalho forneceu uma perspectiva interessante da participação da MCPdl na circuitaria envolvida no condicionamento aversivo, sugerindo que esta estrutura de fato é mais que uma via comum e final das reações defensivas e que pode interagir com outra área associativas, modificando o processamento das informações. Desta maneira, a MCPdl parece desempenhar um papel no desenvolvimento dos transtornos de ansiedade, uma vez que sua atividade pode modificar o processamento das informações e desencadear o aparecimento de respostas defensivas a estímulos genuinamente não ameaçadores.
Aversive olfactory cues are able to activate neural structures related to defensive behavior (DB) including the dorsolateral part of the periaqueductal gray matter (dlPAG). The chemical stimulation of dlPAG in rats evokes DB as the result of internal mood alterations. The present study was outlined to verify the hypothesis that the aversive state induced by dlPAG chemical stimulation could be used as an unconditioned stimulus (US) in an olfactory aversion conditioning (OAC) paradigm. In addition, the aversive nature of the OFC was evaluated in rats treated with midazolam (MDZ), a benzodiazepine, or microinjected with DPAT or WAY into dlPAG, 5-HT1A receptors agonist and antagonist, respectively. Moreover, the dorsal premammillary nucleus (PMd) beta-adrenoceptors blocking or the ventral part of anteromedial thalamic nucleus (AMv) and reuniens nucleus (RE) lesion were performed to investigate the anatomical pathway involved in this chemical stimulation-based aversion conditioning. The present study has confirmed our hypothesis that an enhanced activity of dlPAG can be used as a biologically relevant US, capable of generating an OAC. Furthermore, MDZ impaired the OAC acquisition and the DB expression, emphasizing the pharmacological validation of this model in predicting putative anxiolytic drugs. DPAT 4 and 8 nmol impaired the OAC and DPAT 4 nmol facilitated the OAC acquisition when a higher concentration of NMDA (200 nmol) was administrated into the dlPAG, which previously did not promote an OAC. The group of rats microinjected with WAY 7 before the NMDA 100 pmol into the dlPAG displayed defensive behavior in the box test even without odor, suggesting a generalization response. In addition, WAY 7 nmol facilitated the OAC acquisition with a smaller dose of NMDA (50 pmol), which previously had not promoted an OAC. Apart from the role of the serotonin in modulating the expression of defensive behavior evoked by dlPAG stimulation, the study revealed that serotonin can also modulate the dlPAG NMDAstimulation learning, supporting the OAC. Lastly, the results also highlight the pathway from the dlPAG to the AHN, and the AHN projection to the Md and thalamus (AMv+RE) likely to carry critical information related to fear-like state related to learning and memory. Taken together, the present findings provide evidence that this brain area can also support OAC by signaling forebrain associative areas involved in fear mediation, beyond its well known participation in the expression of DB.
Tarso, Lissandro. « Pesquisa do linfonodo sentinela em câncer gástrico induzido por N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea : estudo experimental em ratos Wistar ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29027.
Texte intégralSawada, Tania Cristina Higashi. « Influência da N-acetilcisteína no estresse oxidativo hepático e cerebral e na cinética de mercúrio em ratos expostos ao cloreto de metilmercúrio ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-27022014-155732/.
Texte intégralExperimental studies show oxidative stress to cause cerebral and hepatic lesions after methylmercury intoxication. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is capable of binding to metals and scavenges free radicals. In this study we evaluated the influence of NAC on the levels of mercury (Hg) and on oxidative stress parameters after methylmercury chloride (CH3HgCI) exposure. A group of rats were treated by gavage with 20mg of CH3HgCl/kg body weight (b.w.) and 200mg/kg b.w. of NAC by intraperitoneal (ip) injection. These animals were killed after 6, 12 and 24hours. A second group received 0,5mg of CH3HgCl/kg b.w. by gavage during four weeks and five doses of NAC (200mg/kg b.w. ip) in the last week of exposure to CH3HgCI. There was no increase in hepatic and cerebral TBARS after the acute and subchronic exposure. Considering antioxidants, only ascorbic acid was reduced in liver after 12hours. NAC was effective decreasing mercury levels in brain, liver and kidney after subchronic exposure to CH3HgCI.
Ringsby, Jenny. « Från avfall till mylla : En litteraturstudie om komposteringsprocesser ». Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-13688.
Texte intégralTrevizol, Fabíola. « Influência dos diferentes ácidos graxos da dieta sobre um modelo animal de mania induzido por anfetamina em ratos ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11125.
Texte intégralFatty acids (FA) are constituent important of the neuronal phospholipids membranes and they carry out important functions in the development and function of the brain During the last decades changes were observed in the feeding habits of western countries, with an increase of the trans FA and omega-6 (n-6) and detriment of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3) consumption, contributing to increase the oxidative stress (OS) generation and development of neuropsychiatric disorders. The influence of FA supplementation containing n-6 (soybean oil-SO), trans (hydrogenated vegetable fat-HVF) and n-3 (fish oil-FO) on behavioral parameters and OS were studied in an animal model of mania. Rats were orally treated for 8 weeks with suspensions of SO, HVF and FO in place of drinking water, and treated with seven daily administrations of amphetamine (AMPH-mg/kg, ip) or vehicle, in the last week of oral treatment. Locomotor activity, vitamin C (VIT C) levels, protein oxidation and mitochondrial slices in striatum and cortex were evaluated. HVF supplemented rats showed an increase in the locomotor activity, higher levels of carbonyl protein in the cortex, and lower mitochondrial viability in the striatum and cortex, showing harmful effects per se. AMPH treatment increased the locomotor activity of all groups, but this effect showed greater intensity in the rats orally treated with HVF (456%). Similarly, AMPH increased the carbonyl protein levels in striatum (39.5%) and cortex (78%) of the animals orally treated with HVF, while SO and FO prevented it in the cortex. AMPH treatment decreased the mitochondrial viability in cortex and striatum of supplemented rats with all the FA; however the HVF group showed greater damage (46 and 44% of viability in the striatum and cortex, respectively). AMPH reduced the VIT C plasma levels of the HVF and SO groups (22.5 and 22.4% respectively), and this antioxidant parameter has not been changed in the FO treated rats. Here, we suggest that the trans FA contained in the HVF may increase the oxidative damages per se, leaving the rats more vulnerable to AMPH damage. FA n-3 contained in the FO showed subtle protecting effects, which were observed by preservation of the VIT C levels and lower levels of carbonyl protein in the cortex. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the influence of the trans fatty acids consumption on neuronal activity, and consequently on the susceptibility to psychiatric disorders development among them the bipolar disorder.
Ácidos graxos (AG) são constituintes importantes das membranas fosfolipídicas neuronais e desempenham importantes funções no desenvolvimento e funcionamento do cérebro. Durante as últimas décadas foram observadas mudanças nos hábitos alimentares de países ocidentais, com aumento do consumo de AG trans e ômega-6 (n-6) em detrimento do consumo de ácidos graxos ômega-3 (n-3), cujas conseqüências podem estar relacionadas a um aumento dos danos oxidativos, facilitando o desenvolvimento de doenças neuropsiquiátricas. A influência da suplementação com AG n-6 (óleo de soja-OS), trans (gordura vegetal hidrogenada-GVH) e n-3 (óleo de peixe-OP) sobre parâmetros comportamentais e de estresse oxidativo (EO) foram estudados em um modelo animal de mania. Ratos tratados oralmente com suspensões de OS, GVH e OP, junto à água de beber durante 8 semanas, receberam nos últimos sete dias administrações diárias de anfetamina (ANF-4mg/kg, ip) ou veículo. Atividade locomotora, os níveis de vitamina C (VIT C) plasmático, marcadores de oxidação de proteínas e a viabilidade de fatias do estriado e córtex foram determinados. Animais suplementados com GVH mostraram um aumento da atividade locomotora, maior nível de proteínas carbonil no córtex, e menor viabilidade nas fatias do estriado e córtex, demonstrando efeitos prejudiciais per se. O tratamento com ANF aumentou a atividade locomotora dos animais de todos os grupos experimentais, porém este efeito mostrou maior intensidade nos animais que receberam a suplementação com GVH (456%). Semelhante, a ANF aumentou a carbonilação de proteínas no estriado (39.5%) e córtex (78%) dos animais suplementados com GVH, enquanto OS e OP preveniram o dano causado pela ANF no córtex. O tratamento com ANF diminuiu a viabilidade mitocondrial nos tecidos cerebrais de todos os grupos, entretanto o grupo suplementado com GVH apresentou maiores danos (46 e 44% de viabilidade no estriado e córtex, respectivamente). A ANF diminuiu os níveis de VIT C no plasma dos animais suplementados com OS e GVH (22.5 e 22.4%, respectivamente), e este parâmetro antioxidante não foi alterado nos ratos tratados com OP. Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que os ácidos graxos trans presentes na GVH podem aumentar os danos oxidativos per se, deixando os animais mais expostos aos danos da ANF. A suplementação com ácidos graxos n-3 presentes no OP mostraram efeitos protetores sutis, representados pela preservação dos níveis de VIT C plasmático e menor oxidação de proteínas no córtex. Maiores estudos devem ser realizados para determinar a influência do consumo de ácidos graxos trans sobre a atividade neuronal, e conseqüentemente sobre a suscetibilidade para o desenvolvimento de desordens psiquiátricas entre estas, o transtorno bipolar.
Costa, Rafael Izar Domingues da. « Efeitos da N-acetilcisteína na resposta inflamatória e na translocação bacteriana em modelo de obstrução e isquemia intestinal em ratos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5132/tde-14122017-114202/.
Texte intégralMechanical intestinal obstruction represents a condition of urgency, necessary early diagnosis and appropriate therapy, due to their high degree of morbidity and mortality. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine associated with lactated Ringer\'s or hypertonic saline solution in the inflammatory response, histology and translocation in an experimental model of intestinal obstruction and ischemia. For Four experimental groups were constituted with 10 Wistar rats each, in addition to the reference group: OI - submitted to obstruction and ischemia intestinal and enterectomy with intestinal anastomosis, without volume resuscitation; RL - Undergoing intestinal obstruction and ischemia, volume resuscitation with Ringer\'s lactate (32ml / kg, i.v., within 10 minutes) and anastomosis enterectomy intestinal; RLNAC - Undergoing obstruction and intestinal ischemia, resuscitation with lactated Ringer\'s lactating NAC (32 ml / kg + 150 mg / kg i.v. in 10 minutes) and enterectomy with intestinal anastomosis; SHNAC - Submitted to obstruction and intestinal ischemia, volume resuscitation with saline solution hypertension at 7.5% associated with CAP (4 ml / kg + 150 mg / kg i.v., in 10 minutes) and enterectomy with intestinal anastomosis. Reference Group (n = 5): Anesthetized animals, submitted to collection of materials for culture and histology and sacrificed by exsanguination. The animals received a anesthetic association of ketamine and intramuscular xylazine in limb posterior right, at the dose of 60mg / kg and 10mg / kg, respectively. After 24 h of treatment, euthanasia was performed by exsanguination, under anesthesia, after collection of tissues
Calixto, José de Ribamar Rodrigues. « Avaliação de alterações histopatológicas da próstata e séricas do PSA em ratos tratados com N-Metil-N-Nitrosureia e testosterona ». Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6303.
Texte intégralTestosterone has been increasingly used in men during the aging process as prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, improving sexual performance, cardiovascular protection and maintenance of cognition. But there are still conflicted about its effects in the prostate with respect to benign and malignant diseases. The present study evaluated the effect of treatment with two forms of testosterone on prostate carcinoma induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) from pathological examinations and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). For this we used 80 young Wistar rats, healthy, divided into two groups (40 animals each) or not treated with intraperitoneal NMU. Each group was divided into four equal subgroups and treated for 16 weeks: 1) treated with testosterone cypionate every seven days intramuscularly, 2) treated with testosterone cypionate every 14 days intramuscularly, 3) treated with oral testosterone undecanoate daily, 4) treated with mineral oil. After 16 semnanas and treatment, PSA levels did not change in either group or sub-group and no tumor development in any of them. Therefore, two different forms of testosterone associated with the use of NMU in short time intraperitoneally did not affect the serum PSA and did not induce tumor formation in prostate in young healthy rats. Acinar histopathological changes were found in the prostates projection, secretion, congestion and inflammation, epithelial and were normal epithelium, epithelial reduction and reduction in height thereof. These findings collaborate to further studies are performed in order to guide the use of testosterone in daily clinical practice without fear of inducing prostate cancer.
HÖSCH, Natália Gabriele. « Efeito Neuroprotetor da N - acetilcisteína sobre a neuropatia alcoólica induzida experimentalmente em ratos ». Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2015. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/580.
Texte intégralChronic alcohol consumption produces a painful peripheral neuropathy which is characterized by spontaneous burning pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia. Scientific evidences support oxidative stress as the biochemical trigger for the development of alcoholic neuropathy, since alcohol consumption increases the amounts of free radicals and damage biochemical structures, in addition to deplete endogenous antioxidant reserves. N - acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant agent that facilitates the biosynthesis of glutathione and capture reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of NAC on induced alcoholic neuropathy. Wistar rats were divided into 4 experimental groups (Control group, Ethanol group, NAC + Ethanol group and NAC group) containing an average of 10 animals each group. Nociceptive tests, Randall Selitto (mechanical hyperalgesia), Tail flick (thermal hyperalgesia) and electronic von Frey (allodynia) were performed at the day called 0 (before treatment) and at the fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth weeks. Rota-rod test was also performed to assess the balance and motor coordination of the animals, at day zero and at the tenth week. Immunofluorescence investigated the expression of c - Fos at brain areas associated with nociception (Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus (PVN), Dorsal Raphe Nuclei (DRN) and Periaqueductal Gray (PAG)). Results showed that Ethanol group showed a significant decrease in the nociceptive threshold, as evidenced from the reduced latency time in Tail flick test and decreased paw withdrawal threshold in Randall Sellito test and electronic von Frey compared to the mean baseline (day 0). NAC + Ethanol group at 10th week, in turn, maintained a high thermal nociceptive threshold at Tail flick test and also retained high mechanical nociceptive threshold at Randall Selitto and electronic von Frey relative to Ethanol group. A decrease in the falling latency at Rota-rod test was observed in the ethanol group after 10 weeks of treatment compared to day 0. However, NAC + Ethanol group kept the high values of falling latency compared to Ethanol group. Immunofluorescence tests showed, for Ethanol group, a significant increase in the number of immunoreactive neurons for c-Fos in DRN, PVN and PAG if compared to Control group. Once again, NAC prevented the increase induced by ethanol. Thus, these results suggest that NAC exerts a neuroprotective and an antinociceptive effect in alcoholic neuropathy.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
DEPETRIS, ELENA. « La responsabilità delle agenzie di rating tra diritto europeo e soluzioni di diritto interno ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/50987.
Texte intégralAbreu, Reyes David Rafael. « Influência do exercício físico e da N-acetilcisteína no remodelamento cardíaco e estresse oxidativo de ratos com sobrecarga pressórica crônica ». Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151905.
Texte intégralAbstract: Objective. To evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cardiac remodeling in rats during transition from compensated left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy to heart failure. Methods and Results. Four months after inducing aortic stenosis (AS), Wistar rats were assigned into three groups: Sham, AS, and AS treated with NAC (AS-NAC for eight weeks). NAC restored myocardial total glutathione (Sham 20.8±3.00; AS 12.6±2.92; AS-NAC 17.6±2.45 nmol/g tissue; p<0.05 AS vs Sham and AS-NAC). Malondialdehyde serum concentration was lower in AS-NAC and myocardial lipid hydroperoxide was higher in AS (Sham 199±48.1; AS 301±36.0; AS-NAC 181±41.3 nmol/g tissue). Glutathione peroxidase activity was lower in AS than Sham. Echocardiogram showed LV concentric hypertrophy and dysfunction before and after treatment. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of mitral annulus systolic velocity and isovolumetric relaxation time were lower in AS than Sham; in AS-NAC these parameters were between those in Sham and AS and did not differ from either group. NAC reduced p-ERK and p-JNK protein expression, attenuated myocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis, and decreased lung congestion frequency. Conclusion. N-acetylcysteine restores myocardial total glutathione, reduces oxidative stress, improves MAPK signaling, and attenuates myocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and LV dysfunction in aortic stenosis rats.
Doutor
Ribeiro, Gianine Lima. « EFEITOS DA N-ACETILCISTEÍNA SOBRE O DANO OXIDATIVO RENAL E HEPÁTICO DE RATOS DIABÉTICOS ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8977.
Texte intégralO diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma doença crônica caracterizada pela hiperglicemia, que está relacionada Com o estresse oxidativo, o qual possui papel importante no desenvolvimento de outras patologias e danos teciduais, tais como dano hepático e renal. Dessa forma, faz-se importante à realização de estudos com possíveis antioxidantes, que possam diminuir os efeitos deletérios do estresse oxidativo decorrentes do diabetes. Neste sentido, a N-acetilcisteína (NAC) é um medicamento utilizado como hepatoprotetor por estimular a síntese de Glutationa Reduzida, diminuindo o dano oxidativo. Nesta linha, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito antioxidante da NAC nos tecidos renal e hepático de ratos diabéticos através dos biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo como: glutationa reduzida (GSH), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), superóxido dismutase (SOD), malondialdeído (MDA) e ácido delta aminolevulinato desidratase (ALA-D) no fígado e rins de animais controles e com diabetes induzida, tratados e não tratados com NAC. Os tratamentos consistiram em administrações intraperitoneais de 25 mg/Kg e 75 mg/Kg de N-acetilcisteína. No fígado, os níveis de MDA foram significativamente aumentados no grupo diabético comparados ao grupo controle. O tratamento com 75 mg/Kg foi capaz de reduzir os níveis de MDA, ficando semelhantes ao grupo controle. Os níveis da GSH mostrou-se mais elevada no rim e no fígado dos animais diabéticos do que dos controles, e o tratamento com a NAC fez com que esses níveis fossem reduzidos no fígado dos animais diabéticos, entretanto no rim, não houve alterações. Os níveis de SOD e GPx diminuíram no fígado dos animais diabéticos quando comparados ao controle, e a administração de NAC não alterou esses índices. O diabetes também diminuiu a atividade da ALA-D no fígado, e o tratamento com a 25 mg/Kg NAC fez com essa atividade aumentasse significativamente. No tecido renal, ambas as doses de NAC elevaram os níveis de ALA-D nos animais diabéticos. Diante dos resultados encontrados, comparando-se os tecidos renal e hepático dos ratos controles com os diabéticos tratados com NAC, sugere-se que a NAC demonstrou diminuir o dano oxidativo mais no fígado do que no rim.
Hull, Ashley. « The Effect of Social Contingencies on Near Miss Ratings n Blackjack ». OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1273.
Texte intégralMigueis, Samuel da Costa. « Perfis de ácidos gordos do músculo e cérebro de ratos Wistar alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de conserva de sardinha ». Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1950.
Texte intégralA sociedade ocidental actual tem uma dieta com uma razão n-6/n-3 elevada, 15-20:1. Vários estudos confirmam a necessidade de alterar essa razão para 1-2:1, devido às patologias associadas a este tipo de dieta. A alteração dessa razão n-6/n-3 pode ser conseguida através da introdução, nas dietas da sociedade ocidental, de alimentos funcionais ricos em DHA e EPA. Estes AG têm evidenciado ter uma acção importante na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares e de doenças neuro-degenerativas. O licopeno, antioxidante maioritário do tomate, tem revelado em muitos estudos um poder antioxidante tal que pode conferir capacidades cardioprotectoras, anti-inflamatórias, antimutagénicas e anticarcinogénicas. Este estudo demonstrou que a incorporação de AG no cérebro de ratos wistar é influenciada pela interação da sardinha, peixe gordo, com elevadas concentrações de DHA (22:6n-3) e EPA (20:5n-3), com o tomate, vegetal com altas concentrações de licopeno. Verificou-se também que dietas com concentrações crescentes de DHA aumentam a concentração, deste AG, no tecido muscular e eritrócitos, ao contrário do tecido cerebral, em que o aumento parece ser diminuto e com um “plateau” nos 13% de DHA (w/w). Utilizando o índice n-3, proposto por William S. Harris e Clemen von Schacky, duas latas de sardinha por dia conferem um nível desejável de protecção contra doenças cardiovasculares em humanos.
ABSTRACT - Title: Fatty Acids Profile of the muscle and brain of Wistar rats feed with diets containing graded levels of canned sardines - The current occidental population has a diet with a high n-6/n-3 ratio, 15-20:1. Several studies confirm the need of changing such ratio to 1-2:1, due to the pathologies connected with such kind of diets. The change of the ratio n-6/n-3 may be reached through the insertion of functional food with DHA and EPA. These fatty acids (FA) have proved an important role in preventing cardiovascular (CVD) and neurodegenerative diseases. Lycopene, tomato majority antioxidant, has evidenced in several studies to have an antioxidant which may provide protection to the cardiovascular system, as well as antiinflammatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic properties. This study revealed that fatty acids incorporation on Wistar rats brains is influenced by the interaction of sardine, fat fish rich in DHA (22:6n-3) and EPA (20:5n-3), and with tomato, with high lycopene concentration. Diets with graded concentration of DHA leads to the increase of such FA on muscle and red blood cells, contrarily to brain tissue, where such increase seems to be low and with a plateau on 13% of DHA (w/w). Using the n-3 index proposed by William S. Harris and Clemen von Schacky, two canned sardines on a daily basis provides a desirable level of CVD protection in human.
Garcia, Rodrigo Antonio Peliciari. « A sincronização noradrenérgica e o papel da insulina na modulação da síntese da melatonina pela glândula pineal de ratos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-16092008-113515/.
Texte intégralThe mammalian pineal gland synthesizes the neurohormone melatonin exclusively during the dark phase. Its synthesis is primarily regulated via a retino-hypothalamic-pineal pathway and modulated by many factors, including the peptidergic system. Thus, the role of insulin on the regulation of melatonin synthesis was studied using cultured gland treated with norepinephrine, insulin and norepinephrine associated to insulin. The cultures were also synchronized or not by norepinephrine. Melatonin content was assayed by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) with electrochemical detection, melatonin synthesis enzymes activities by radiometry and enzymes gene expressions by Real-Time PCR. The results suggest an interaction between norepinephrine and insulin signaling pathway, with insulinic potentialization on melatonin synthesis norepinephrine-mediated, and this effect, seems to accurs potentially through post-transcriptional events.
Lopes, Jéssica Costa. « Desempenho de reator de leito estruturado submetido à aeração intermitente, na remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo de esgoto sanitário utilizando glicerol fermentado como fonte de carbono ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-18072017-142829/.
Texte intégralThis work aimed to verify the viability of the use of fermented glycerol as an external carbon source for the nutrient biological removal in structured-bed reactor subjected to recirculation and intermittent aeration (SBRRIA). The SBRRIA was fed effluent from UASB reactor bench scale, used in the treatment of domestic sewage. The SBTTIA reactor had a total volume of 12.3L and, due to the vertical cylindrical strips of polyurethane foam used as biomass support, the useful volume was 8.6 L. Initially, the reactor was operated under continuous aeration with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 hours and effluent recirculation ratio of 3 for the development of nitrifying biomass in the reactor. After the nitrification efficiency reach 80%, the reactor started to be operated at the HRT of 12 h under intermittent aeration, maintaining the recirculation ratio equal to 3. Four phases were then carried out continuously under intermittent aeration (aeration / time without aeration) of 2h/1h without glycerol, 3h/1h without glycerol, 2h/1h with glycerol, 3h/1h with glycerol. The addition of fermented glycerol occurred only during time without aeration. In all phases, the average COD effluent of the system ranged between 26±8 and 59±14 mg.L-1. Low removal efficiency of total nitrogen (as TKN) was verified in the phases without addition of the fermented glycerol, reaching 49.6±13.5% (2h/1h) and 29.2±10.1% (3h/1h). However, the efficiency of total nitrogen removal efficiency was higher when fermented glycerol was added during the non-aerated period, attaining 64.9±21.6% (2h/1h) and 69.5±11.7% (3h/1h). No phosphorus removal was observed in any of the previous phases in which the reactor was operated under continuous feeding. In order to verify the feasibility of fermented glycerol in the removal of N and P, the system was modified so that the LEAI reactor operated in sequential batch mode (SRB). At this stage of the research, the establishment of the phosphorus accumulating community in the system was observed and phosphorus removal efficiency attained 56.1±8.5%. The efficiency of total nitrogen removal also increased up to 86.2±6.2%. It was concluded that the fermented glycerol presents significant potential for use as an exogenous carbon source in the process of phosphorus and nitrogen removal. It can be also concluded that fixed bed reactors can remove phosphorus from wastewaters using fermented glycerol presenting compounds favorable to the development of phosphorus accumulating microorganisms (PAO). However, reactors subjected to continuous feeding and intermittent aeration do not promote good conditions for the establishment of stable phosphorus removal process. Nevertheless, the high efficiency of TKN oxidation, organic matter removal and denitrification, coupled with low solid production, show that SBRRIA is an interesting alternative for the post-treatment of anaerobic reactor effluents. However, when phosphorus removal is required, sequential batch reactor operation is the viable alternative.
Junqueira, Adriana. « Efeitos do Exercício Físico Associado à N Acetilcisteína na Remodelação Cardíaca de Ratos Espontaneamente Hipertensos Exercício e N-acetilcisteína na remodelação cardíaca / ». Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191369.
Texte intégralResumo: A hipertensão arterial está associada à alta morbidade e mortalidade pelas alterações estruturais e funcionais de órgãos alvo e às alterações metabólicas, com elevado risco de eventos cardiovasculares. A sobrecarga de pressão e o estresse oxidativo têm papel importante na remodelação cardíaca. A hipertensão arterial é um fator de risco modificável para as doenças cardiovasculares, onde os fármacos e o exercício físico regular são capazes de reduzir os níveis pressóricos de indivíduos hipertensos. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos do exercício físico resistido combinado ao aeróbico associado à N-acetilcisteína na remodelação cardíaca em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR). Métodos: Os SHR foram divididos nos grupos sedentário (CTL, n=12), submetido ao exercício combinado (EXE, n=13), sedentário submetido à N-acetilcisteína (NAC, n=13), e ratos submetidos ao exercício combinado e à N-acetilcisteína (EXENAC, n=14). Os ratos dos grupos exercício combinado foram treinados três vezes por semana, durante dois meses, em esteira e escada. Os ratos suplementados receberam NAC durante dois meses, na ração. Testes de capacidade física aeróbica e resistido, avaliação da pressão arterial sistólica e o ecocardiograma foram realizados antes e após os protocolos de tratamento. As seguintes análises foram realizadas: morfometria, histomorfometria, estresse oxidativo, expressão gênica do complexo enzimático NADPH oxidase por RT-PCR real time e expressão de proteínas oxidadas por Western blot.... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
Cesar, Everton Felix. « Avaliação da potencial ação anti-neoplásica de resveratrol isolado e associado a etanol na carcinogênese induzida por N-metil-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidina (MNNG) no cólon de ratos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17143/tde-10042018-145036/.
Texte intégralResveratrol (RESV), a polyphenol present in several natural compounds, including wine, has been associated with a chemopreventive effect in different types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). This beneficial effect observed in several studies has been attributed especially due to its anti-oxidant action; more than that, RESV also is involved in several other cellular mechanisms, including apoptosis. Despite of it, a more accurate analysis of a potential anti-neoplastic action of RESV in the promotion phase of CRC is still ongoing. CRC is one of the most frequent types of cancer in the Western world, with incidence increasing in developing countries and despite the efforts of scientists and the development of new drugs, this type of cancer still has high rates of morbidity and mortality. The present study evaluated a potential anti-neoplastic action of RESV, pure and associated with ethanol, on the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer induced by Nmethyl-N\'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in rats through the analysis of oxidative stress with malondialdehyde (MDA) and immunoexpression of Caspase-3 (Casp-3), gamma-H2AX (H2AX), iPCNA (PCNA) and Caveolina-1 (CAV-1). Our experiments were performed with 48 wistar rats, which were subjected to carcinogenesis (0.5 ml of MNNG solution (5 mg / ml) and treated with placebo, RESV (1 mg / kg / day) and RESV (1 mg / kg / (G1), RESV + EtOH (G5), RESV + MNNG (G4), RESV + EtOH (G5) and RESV + EtOH + MNNG (G6). As a result, RESV decreases the production of MDA in all treated groups, evidencing its systemic antioxidant effect. RESV increased the number of apoptotic corpuscles and apoptosis in dysplastic crypts, leading to the appearance of acellular cryptic spaces (ACE) and, consequently, to a statistically significant reduction in the number of dysplastic crypts in the treated groups. By decreasing expression of H2AX, PCNA and CAV1, we observed that RESV had a protective effect on the development of pre-neoplastic lesions in MNNG-induced carcinogenesis. We attributed this effect to its pro-apoptotic action, which has been shown to be an effective mechanism in colonic carcinogenesis in rats, decreasing the number of dysplastic crypts and leading to the formation of ACE\'s, a phenomenon not yet described in the literature. Unlike the initial hypothesis, EtOH mitigated the pro-apoptotic effects of RESV, but did not diminish its antioxidant action. Thus, we conclude that the anti-neoplastic and chemopreventive action of RESV is effective in the promotion phase of MNNG-induced colonic carcinogenesis and that the association between RESV + EtOh, the same as that found in wines, has not been shown to be as effective as isolated RESV.
Villeneuve, Dominic. « Profils g??nomiques de la transcription g??nique durant la progression du cycle de division cellulaire d'h??patocytes synchronis??s suite ? ? une h??patectomie partielle ». Mémoire, Universit? ? de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/69.
Texte intégralBarros, Rogério Fortunato de 1978. « Avaliação do impacto do pneumoperitônio cirúrgico com CO2 sobre o parânquima renal de ratos jovens = Acute kidney injury during surgical CO2 pneumoperitoneum in young rats ». [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310693.
Texte intégralTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Objetivo: Elevações da pressão intra-abdominal durante o pneumoperitônio podem ocasionar oligúria ou anúria em mamíferos. Possível lesão renal decorrente ainda não foi bem documentada na literatura médica. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o impacto do pneumoperitônio no parênquima renal em um modelo experimental de ratos jovens, através da expressão da neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (N-GAL), um biomarcador de lesão renal precoce. Materiais e Métodos: Vinte ratos machos jovens Sprague-Dowley foram utilizados no trabalho. Dezesseis ratos foram previamente anestesiados, traqueostomizados, flebotomizados e ventilados mecanicamente. Para análise, foram distribuídos em 4 grupos: Pneumoperitônio 1hora(h), Controle 1h, Pneumoperitônio 2h, Controle 2h. O quinto grupo, de quatro ratos, foi submetido à lesão renal através da administração de cisplatina para testar o biomarcador. Após 24h, todos os ratos foram submetidos à coleta de urina por 2 horas em gaiola metabólica; nefrectomia esquerda para quantificação por western blotting e nefrectomia direita para qualificação por immunofluorescência utilizando o biomarcador N-GAL Resultados: Os resultados foram analisados em 5 grupos de 4 ratos: Pneumoperitônio 1 e 2h, Controle 1 e 2h e Cisplatina. A expressão do N-GAL estava significantemente aumentada no grupo Cisplatina. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos Pneumoperitônio 1 e 2h e Controle 1 e 2h (P>0,05). . Conclusão: O Pneumoperitônio controlado de 1 e 2 horas em ratos não promoveu lesão renal aguda
Abstract: Objective: Elevations of intra-abdominal pressure during pneumoperitoneum can lead to oliguria or anuria in mammals. Consequent kidney injury has not been well demonstrated in the literature. The aim of this study is to investigate the post-operative kidney status after pneumoperitoneum in a rat model through expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (N-GAL), an early kidney injury biomarker. Materials and methods: Twenty male Sprague-Dowley rats were used in this experiment. Sixteen rats were previously anesthetized, tracheostomized, phlebotomized and mechanically ventilated were distributed in 4 groups: Pneumoperitoneum 1hour (h), Control 1h, Pneumoperitoneum 2h and Control 2h. The fifth group, composed of four rats, was kidney injuried with cisplatine to test the biomarker. After 24 hours all rats were submitted to a urine 2 hours output measurement, left nefrectomy to western blotting quantification and a right nefrectomy to immunofluorescence qualification of N-GAL. Results: The results were analyzed within 5 groups: Pneumoperitoneum 1 and 2h, Control 1 and 2h and Cisplatine group. The N-Gal expression was increased in the Cisplatine group. There weren't significant statistical difference between Pneumoperitoneum 1 and 2h and Control 1 and 2h groups (P>0,05). Conclusion: The 1 and 2hours controlled pneumoperitoneum isn't related to acute renal injury
Doutorado
Ciências da Cirurgia
Doutor em Ciências
Gonová, Dominika. « Studium produkce lipidických látek z odpadních substrátů pomocí kvasinek rodu Metschnikowia ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376878.
Texte intégralAndraus, Wellington. « Estudo do efeito da S-nitroso-N-acetilcisteína na lesão de isquemia/reperfusão em fígado esteatótico de ratos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5132/tde-05082008-152459/.
Texte intégralSteatosis is the most frequent chronic liver disease in general population. Steatosis can make ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesions worse in liver transplants and hepatic surgeries. Oxidative stress and hepatic microcirculatory damage are related to generation of steatosis and I/R lesions. Several antioxidant drugs, for example the N-acetylcysteine (NAC), have been already used in steatotic and I/R experimental models, and showed better outcome in treated groups. The nitric oxide (NO) has controversial effects on I/R, however, in low doses it can improve hepatic microcirculation. The S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC) releases NAC and NO. It ameliorated oxidative stress in experimental models of steatosis and skeletal muscle I/R. In contrast, this drug has never been used in steatotic liver I/R. METHODS: thirty four male Wistar rats were studied and divided in four groups: group I (n=8) - without steatosis and treated with saline solution; group II (n=8) - without steatosis and treated with SNAC; group III (n=9) - with steatosis and treated with saline solution; group IV (n=9) - with steatosis treated with SNAC. Aproteic diet was used for steatosis induction. The animals underwent a partial hepatic ischemia (70%) for 1 hour and reperfusion for 4 hours. The drug was administrated intraperitoneally. The parameters evaluated were hepatic histology, mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress (MDA), seric transaminasis and pulmonary mieloperoxidasis and Evans blue extravasation. RESULTS: There were not any difference between groups I and II in all parameters evaluated (histology, mithocondrial function (RCR and ADP/O), transaminasis (AST and ALT), pulmonary Evans blue extravasation and mieloperoxidasis), and it showed only tendency of less oxidative stress (MDA) (p=0,07) in ischemic liver of treated group (group II). The comparison between groups III and IV didn\'t show any difference in transaminasis (AST and ALT), pulmonary Evans blue and mieloperoxidasis. Group IV (steatosis and SNAC) showed in the ischemic liver lower intraparenchymatous hemorrhage (p=0,02), better mitochondrial function (RCR) (p=0,01) and (ADP/O) (p=0,01), and less oxidative stress (MDA) (p=0,007) when compared with untreated group (group III). CONCLUSIONS: Based on this experimental model, SNAC treatment shows no benefit in non steatotic I/R lesion, however, in steatotic rats, SNAC ameliorates hepatic lesions post I/R.
TSUJII, Karla Miky. « DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO, PERFIL DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS E QUALIDADE DA CARNE DA TILÁPIA DO NILO ALIMENTADA COM DIETA SUPLEMENTADA COM ÓLEO DE SOJA OU DE LINHAÇA ». Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2018. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2472.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O óleo de linhaça tem se destacado como alimento funcional para humanos, sendo a fonte mais rica de ácido graxo α-linolênico. Quatro dietas isentas de farinha de peixe foram formuladas para serem isoproteicas (321,2 g/kg de proteína brua), isocalóricas (17,1 Mcal/kg de energia bruta) e isolipídicas (73,1 g/kg de lipídios totais), contendo duas fontes de óleos vegetais (óleo de soja ou óleo de linhaça) suplementadas em dois níveis (15 ou 30 g / kg). Foram distribuídos ao acaso 144 peixes (1076,3 ± 37,2 g) em esquema fatorial 2x2, em 12 gaiolas flutuantes de 1000 L cada, alimentadas manualmente até saciedade aparente. Observou-se maior aumento de peso, consumo de ração e melhor conversão alimentar em peixes alimentados com 30 g/kg de óleo de linhaça em comparação com peixes alimentados com 15 e 30 g/kg de óleo de soja. O rendimento de filé foi maior em peixes alimentados com 30 g/kg de óleo de linhaça em relação aos peixes alimentados com 30 g/kg de óleo de soja. Não foram observadas diferenças no peso corporal inicial, índice hepatosomático e composição próxima dos filés. Peixes alimentados com 30 g/kg de óleo de linhaça apresentaram maior teor de 18: 3 n-3 e menor teor de 18:2n-6 nos filés em comparação com peixes alimentados com 15 e 30 g/kg de óleo de soja. As maiores somas de SFA, MUFA e AG n-3 foram observados em filés de peixes alimentados com 15 g/kg de óleo de soja. Peixes alimentados com 30 g/kg de óleo de linhaça apresentaram maiores somas de ácidos graxos PUFA e de ácidos graxos n-3 nos filés. Filés de peixes alimentados com óleo de linhaça apresentaram menor relação de ácidos graxos n-6/n-3 em comparação com peixes alimentados com óleo de soja. A cor, capacidade de retenção de água, pH e a dureza dos filés não foram afetados. A adesividade dos filés analisada um e sete dias pós mortem foi maior em peixes alimentados com óleo de linhaça, enquanto observou-se menor mastigabilidade em filés de peixes alimentados com 30 g/kg de óleo de soja e de linhaça em relação aos peixes alimentados com 15 g/kg de óleo de soja e linhaça. Em conclusão, o óleo de linhaça demonstrou ser um alimento funcional como fonte de AG α-linolênico e para aumentar a relação de ácidos graxos n-6/n-3 nos filés. Além disso, recomenda-se 30 g/kg de óleo de 8 linhaça em dietas de terminação para melhorar o desempenho produtivo de tilápias do Nilo em terminação.
Linseed oil has emerging as functional food for human being one richest source of α-linolenic fatty acid. Four fishmeal-free diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (321.2 g/kg of crude protein), isocaloric (17.1 Mcal/kg of gross energy) and isolipidic (73.1 g/kg of total lipids), containing two sources of vegetable oils (soybean oil or linseed oil) supplemented at two levels (15 or 30 g/kg). A hundred and forty-four fish (1076.3 ± 37.2 g) were distributed in a completely randomized in a 2x2 factorial scheme, into twelve 1000 L each floating cage, hand fed until apparent satiety and reared at 18 to 24 oC, during 6 wk. Higher weight gain, feed intake and improved feed conversion ratio were observed in fish fed 30 g/kg of linseed oil compared to fish fed 15 and 30 g/kg of soybean oil. Fillet yield of fish fed 30 g/kg of linseed oil was higher compared to observed in fish fed 30 g/kg of soybean oil. No differences on initial body weight, hepatosomatic index and proximate composition of fillets were observed. Fish fed 30 g/kg of linseed oil showed higher 18:3 n-3 and lower 18:2 n-6 content in the fillets compared to fish fed 15 and 30 g/kg of soybean oil. Higher sum of SFA, MUFA and n-3 FA were observed in fillets of fish fed 15 g/kg of soybean oil. Fish fed 30 g/kg of linseed oil showed higher sum of PUFA and sum of n-3 fatty acids in the fillets. Fillet of fish fed linseed oil showed lower ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids compared to fish fed soybean oil. Color, water holding capacity, pH and hardness of fillets were not affected. The adhesiveness of fillets analyzed at one and seven days post-mortem was increased in fish fed linseed oil, while lower chewiness was observed in fillet of fish fed 30 g/kg of soybean or linseed oil compared to observed in fish fed 15 g/kg of soybean or linseel oil. In conclusion, linseed oil was demonstrated to be functional food as α-linolenic source to enhance n-6/n-3 ratio of the fillets. In addition, linseed oil at 30 g/kg is recommended in finishing diets
Corbi, Sâmara Cruz Tfaile. « Terapia fotodinâmica com ftalocianina de zinco tetracarboxi-N-metilglucamina na doença periodontal induzida em ratos / ». Araraquara, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154023.
Texte intégralResumo: A Terapia Fotodinâmica Antimicrobiana (Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy - aPDT), tem sido utilizada como um tratamento complementar na doença periodontal (DP). Ela combina um fotossensibilizador (FS) com uma fonte de luz que induz a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio que elimina células microbianas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, in vivo, os efeitos da aPDT (com o FS ftalocianina de zinco tetracarboxi-N-metilglucamina - 10μg/mL e luz LED vermelho - 655mn, 0,45W de potência), coadjuvante a Raspagem e Alisamento Radicular (RAR) e como monoterapia, além de verificar as respostas e alterações teciduais da DP induzida em ratos, pelas avaliações: microtomográfica, histométrica, estereométrica e histológica. Ligaduras foram inseridas nos sulcos dos segundos molares superiores para indução da DP. No Estudo 1, as ligaduras permaneceram por 15 dias e foram removidas para aplicar os tratamentos e no Estudo 2, as ligaduras foram colocadas por 7 dias e continuaram em posição por todo o experimento. 40 animais foram utilizados no Estudo 1 e distribuídos em 4 grupos: DP (Somente indução da doença, sem tratamento); RAR (Indução e tratamento básico periodontal); aPDT (Indução e aplicação da aPDT - FS ftalocianina de zinco tetracarboxi-N-metilglucamina e luz LED vermelho); RAR+aPDT (Indução, tratamento básico periodontal e aplicação da aPDT). 42 animais foram utilizados no Estudo 2 e divididos também em 4 grupos: FS (Tratamento somente com... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive method consisting in the application of a photosensitive dye, which is subsequently stimulated by a light source and reacts with oxygen, producing reactive species. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo, the aPDT effects (with the PS zinc tetracarboxy-N-metylglucamine phthalocyanine 10μg/mL, and red LED light with 655nm), as adjuvant treatment to Scaling Root and Planing (SRP) and as monotherapy and verify the responses and tissue changes after aPDT application in PD-induced rats by microtomographic, histometric, stereometric and histological evaluations. Ligatures were placed around the second maxillary molars for PD induction. In Study 1, the ligatures were placed for 15 days and then they were removed. On the following day the treatments were performed. In Study 2, the ligatures were placed for 7 days and remained in position throughout the periods. Forty animals were used in Study 1 and they were divided into 4 groups: PD (disease induction only, without treatment); SRP (induction and basic periodontal treatment); PDT (Induction and application of photodynamic therapy); SRP+PDT (induction, application of photodynamic therapy and basic periodontal treatment). Forty-two animals were used in Study 2 and they divided into 4 groups: PS (Treatment with zinc tetracarboxy-N-metylglucamine phthalocyanine only); Light (Treatment with red LED light irradiation only); aPDT (Treatment with photodynamic therapy - ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Parker, Mohamed Habeeb. « Hydrocracking of n-C16 over MFI Zeolite Nano-sheets - Effect of the Si/Al Ratio ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29306.
Texte intégralVercelino, Rafael. « O efeito da N-acetilcisteína sobre a síndrome hepatopulmonar induzida por cirrose biliar e secundária em ratos ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/4993.
Texte intégralZenki, Kamila Cagliari. « Efeito neuroprotetor do antagonismo do receptor N-metil-D-aspartato pela memantina sobre a neurogeneração induzida pelo status epilepticus em ratos jovens ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115047.
Texte intégralStatus epilepticus induced by LiCl-pilocarpine is accompanied by neurodegeneration and the classical antiepileptic drugs are not effective in protect neurons from death. Typical N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists exhibit anticonvulsant action and are currently able to provide neuroprotection against SE-induced neuronal death. However, these compounds have demonstrated undesirable side effects. Despite this, memantine, a low-affinity NMDA antagonist, is clinically well tolerate and does not induce side effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of the memantine against neuronal degeneration induced by early life LiCl-Pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Wistar pup rats received memantine (20 mg/kg i.p.) at different treatment regimens before and after SE induction. Neurodegeneration was quantified by fluoro jade C staining. In CA1 subfield neurodegeneration was significantly decreased when animals received memantine at 0h and 0.25h post-treatment regimens. Additionally, post-treatment was able to protect against neurodegeneration in amygdala region. Memantine pre-treatment showed a reduction of cell death in thalamus. Our results demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of memantine on neuronal loss induced by SE early in life. This effect was time- and region-dependent.
Zugno, Alexandra Ioppi. « Guanidino acetato altera parâmetros bioquímicos e comportamentais em ratos : efeito neuroprotetor da taurina e de antioxidantes ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13138.
Texte intégralGuanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency (GAMT-deficiency) is an inborn error of creatine metabolism characterized by muscular hypotonia, involuntary extrapiramidal movements and epilepsy. The disease is biochemically characterized by accumulation of guanidinoacetate and deficiency of creatine and phosphocreatine in tissues of affected patients. However, the mechanisms underlying the neurological dysfunction of GAMTdeficiency patients are not well understood. Na+,K+-ATPase, creatine kinase (CK) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) play a fundamental role in central nervous system (CNS). Alterations in these enzymes with reduction of energy metabolism and induction of oxidative stress have been associated to neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s disease and brain ischemia. Neurotoxic properties of GAA have been mainly related to excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. In this study we investigated possible pathophysiologic mechanisms of GAMT-deficiency. We studied the in vitro effect of GAA and the effect of GAA intrastriatal administration on Na+,K+- ATPase, CK and AChE activities, on brain metabolism, on glutamate uptake and on reactive oxidative species (ROS) production in striatum of adult rats. Finally, we investigated the effect of intraestriatal administration of GAA on inhibitory avoidance in adult rats. Our results showed that the intrastriatal administration inhibits Na+,K+-ATPase, CK and complex II activities and increases TBARS and AChE activity. We also showed that GAA in vitro inhibits glutamate uptake and induces oxidative stress. GAA administration also impairs memory in adult rats. The inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase, CK and complex II activities and increase of TBARS production caused by intrastriatal administration of GAA was prevented by vitamins E and C or taurine pretreatment (for one week). Our findings indicate that inhibition of Na+,K+- ATPase, CK and complex II activities and alterations in glutamate uptake and oxidative stress caused by GAA may contribute to the neurological dysfunction characteristic of GAMT-deficiency patients.
Bravo, Carbajal Rosalyn Paola. « VARIACIONES HEMATOLÓGICAS POR ESTRÉS QUIRÚRGICO EN CANINOS SOMETIDOS A ORQUIECTOMÍA ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2016. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/798.
Texte intégralSchneider, Junior Ricardo. « Efeitos da N-acetilcisteína sobre parâmetros comportamentais, neuroinflamatórios e bioquímicos durante abstinência de álcool em ratos ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132731.
Texte intégralAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic and recurrent disorder characterized by frequent use, loss of control of drug intake and the withdrawal symptoms when alcohol is withdrawn, being this process critical for relapse. During alcohol withdrawal syndrome behavioral changes, as well as changes in the glutamatergic system, hormones levels, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are observed. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutamate-modulating agent, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties has been considered a putative anti-addictive drug. However, its effects on alcohol withdrawal are poorly understood. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to evaluate the short-term effects of NAC treatment on behaviors, leptin and corticosterone serum levels, as well as brain levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, glutathione and glutamine synthetase activity during alcohol withdrawal in rats. Two different models of chronic alcohol exposure were used. In the first experiment, male Wistar rats were administered with 2 g/kg of alcohol, or glucose solution, during 30 days, twice daily, by gavage and treated with NAC (60 and 90 mg/kg, ip) or saline for 4 days after alcohol cessation. Twenty-four hours after the last NAC administration animals were tested in the open field test and euthanized for later corticosterone and leptin. In the second experiment, we used the same protocol of treatment as the first experiment, however, after euthanasia, brain structures were dissected for inflammatory cytokines, glutathione and glutamine synthetase activity analysis. In the third experiment, we used a model of chronic intermittent administration. Rats were administered with 2 g/kg of alcohol, by gavage, twice daily, 5 days/week, for 3 weeks. Four days before alcohol cessation rats were concomitantly treated with NAC (60 and 90 mg/kg, ip) or saline and alcohol or glucose solution. Twenty four hours after the last administration with NAC rats were tested in the open field test and euthanized for serum corticosterone and leptin analyses. Treatment with NAC during alcohol withdrawal prevented hypolocomotion and the increases of leptin and corticosterone serum levels in abstinent rats. The same treatment also prevented changes of frontal and hippocampal levels of inflammatory cytokines and hipocampal glutamine synthetase activity during withdrawal. When administered prior to alcohol withdrawal, treatment with NAC prevented anxiety and again prevented increases in leptin and corticosterone serum levels during early withdrawal. The present thesis showed that the model of moderate chronic alcohol administration induced alcohol withdrawal signs and symptoms in rats consistent with those observed in humans. and NAC treatment, in two different regimens, was effective in preventing these alcohol withdrawal-related alterations. These results suggest the indication of NAC as an adjuvant therapy for alcohol withdrawal and relapse.
Forgiarini, Luiz Felipe. « O efeito da n-acetilcisteína (NAC) sobre a lesão de isquemia e reperfusão pulmonar em ratos ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139974.
Texte intégralObjective - To verify the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administered before and after ischemia in an animal model of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods – Twenty-four Wistar rats were subjected to an experimental model of selective left pulmonary hilum clamping for 45 minutes followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. The animals were divided into four groups: SHAM, ischemiareperfusion (IR), N-acetylcysteine pre ischemia (NAC-Pre) and NAC post ischemia (NAC-Post) groups. We recorded the hemodynamic parameters, blood gas analysis and histology. We measured the iNOS, nitrotyrosine, cleaved caspase 3, NF-қB (sub-unit phospho p65), IkB-R, TNF-R and IL-1S expression. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Neutrophil infiltration was assayed by myeloperoxidase activity. Results - No significant differences were observed in hemodynamic parameters and blood gas analysis among the groups. Lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in IR and NAC-Pre groups (p<0.01). SOD activity had no difference among the groups. The expressions of NF-қB, TNF-R, IL-1S, Nitrotyrosine and Cleaved caspase 3 were significantly higher in the IR group when compared to SHAM and NAC groups (p<0.01). NAC-Pre group showed a significant higher expression of these proteins when compared to SHAM and NAC-Post groups (p<0.01). After reperfusion the expression of iNOS increased almost uniformly in all groups when compared to SHAM group (p<0.01). Conclusion - The intravenous administration of NAC demonstrated protective properties against lung IR injury. Its use reduces the damage produced by oxidative stress, has anti-inflammatory activity and prevents apoptosis. Furthermore, the use of NAC just after reperfusion potentiates its protective effects showing to be the more effective period for its administration.
Halfen, D. T., N. J. Woolf et L. M. Ziurys. « The 12C/ 13C Ratio in Sgr B2(N) : Constraints for Galactic Chemical Evolution and Isotopic Chemistry ». IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625777.
Texte intégralRocha, Fernando Passos da [UNIFESP]. « Efeito da oxigenação hiperbárica e da n-acetilcisteína na viabilidade de retalhos cutâneos randômicos em ratos ». Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9355.
Texte intégralObjetivo: Investigar os efeitos da oxigenação hiperbárica (OHB) e da Nacetilcisteína (NAC) isoladamente ou em associação sobre a viabilidade de retalhos cutâneos em ratos. Métodos: 32 ratos Wistar machos foram distribuídos randomicamente em GS (sham/n=8), GNAC (N-acetilcisteína/n=8), GOHB (oxigenação hiperbárica/n=8) e GNH (NAC+OHB/n=8). Sob anestesia geral foi dissecado um retalho dorsal de base cranial medindo (2x8cm) conforme modelo preconizado por McFarlane; foi interposta uma lâmina de polietileno entre o retalho e seu leito impedindo a vascularização a partir do mesmo; o retalho foi suturado de novo sobre seu leito. Nos sete dias consecutivos cada animal recebeu: GS solução salina intraperitoneal, o grupo GNAC 300mg de NAC intraperitoneal, o grupo GOHB 2 horas de oxigenação hiperbárica a 2,4 ATA e o grupo GNH recebeu a associação dos tratamentos. No oitavo dia do experimento os animais foram novamente anestesiados e foram coletadas biópsias dos terços proximal, médio, distal e controle para análise imuno-histoquímica bem como fotografias digitais para posterior análise por meio do programa Image-Lab. Os dados obtidos foram estatisticamente analisados pelos testes ANOVA e Bonferroni (p<0,05). Resultados: A média da área de necrose no grupo GS foi de 18,3%, no grupo GNAC 24,3%, no grupo GOHB 12,6% e no grupo GNH 14,9%. A expressão do VEGF na epiderme, derme, tecido submuscular e vasos não demonstrou diferenças significativas nos diferentes grupos de tratamento. A acumulação de células em apoptose foi significativamente menor no terço médio em todos os grupos tratados, mas significativamente menor nos grupos tratados com OHB. Os resultados menos favoráveis foram observados no grupo GS e GNAC. Conclusão: A OHB está associada à menor expressão de apoptose celular e menor área de necrose de pele. A NAC não apresentou efetividade na proteção do retalho randômico quer pela avaliação da apoptose ou da necrose celular. A associação dos dois procedimentos não produziu potencialização dos resultados favoráveis do uso de ambos separadamente. Os achados sugerem que a difusão do oxigênio pelo interstício celular foi o fator determinante dos resultados mais favoráveis da OHB.
Objective: To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) alone or in association on the viability of skin flaps in rats. Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were randomized in: GS (sham/n=8), GNAC (Nacetylcysteine/ n=8), GHBO (hyperbaric oxygen/n=8) and GNH (NAC+OHB/n= 8). A skin flap measuring cranial base (2x8cm) was performed (McFarlane) and brought a polyethylene film between the skin flap and its surgical bed prior to closure with interrupted polyamide sutures. For seven days the animals received injections of saline intraperitoneally (GS) and NAC at a dose of 300mg/kg (GNAC). HBO was performed for periods of two hours with 2.4 ATA (GOHB) for seven days and the association of NAC and HBO was carried out in group GNH. On the eighth day the dorsum of the animal was photographed and collected biopsy specimen of skin from the flap at thirds proximal, middle and distal flap. The areas of necrosis were evaluated (photos processed by the Image-Lab), assessment of apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) and angiogenesis (VEGF). The data obtained were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni (p <0.05). Results: The mean areas of necrosis (mm2) were: GS 18.3%, GNAC 24.3%, GOHB 12.6% and GNH 14.9%. The expression of VEGF in the epidermis, dermis, submuscular tissue and vessels was not significant in the different treatment groups. The presence of cells undergoing apoptosis was significantly lower in the middle third of all treated groups compared to sham group, but significantly lower in the group treated with HBO alone or in combination with NAC. Conclusion: HBO is associated with reduced expression of apoptosis and reduced area of necrosis of skin flap. The NAC is not associated with lower expression of apoptosis and alone had the worst results in this experiment. The association of the two procedures did not produce potentiating of the favorable results of the use of both separately. The findings suggest that the diffusion of oxygen through the interstitial space was the determining factor of more favorable results of HBO.
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