Thèses sur le sujet « Radiochimica »
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BARRESI, ANDREA. « Development of innovative techniques for ultra-trace elements analysis ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/403458.
Texte intégralThe JUNO experiment was proposed with the main aim of solving the problem related to the neutrino mass ordering through accurate measurements of the antineutrinos flow produced by nuclear reactors. Due to the extremely small cross-section of neutrinos, the number of expected signal events is very small, about 60 IBD events per day, and it is therefore essential to keep under control the rate of background events. This can be achieved by minimizing all the sources that contribute to the generation of spurious events and in the first place those generated by the radioactive background. For each progenitor of the natural chains (U238 and Th232), for the 40K, and for some key nuclides, such as 60Co and 210Pb, it is necessary to impose strong limits on the concentration that may be present within the materials of the detector. Given the structure of the JUNO detector, the most critical material is the liquid scintillator for which uranium and thorium concentrations below 1E-15 g/g and potassium below 1E-16 g/g are required. In this thesis, I present the work I did in this context with two main purposes. The first one is the validation of the Monte Carlo software of the JUNO experiment applied to the background simulations with the aim of verifying the radiopurity limits imposed for the materials and determining the background budget of the experiment. The second one is the implementation of a measurement technique that allows reaching the sensitivities required for the measurement of the content of uranium, thorium, and potassium in the liquid scintillator. The validation of the Monte Carlo software of the JUNO experiment (SNiPER) was performed by comparing its results with those of two other simulation codes, in particular with the software Arby, developed at the University of Milano-Bicocca. I was able to study different aspects and many critical issues of the simulation of the background and the results reported by the official tool, such as the application of the quenching factor and the shape of the radioactive β-decay spectra. The spectra of the deposited energy produced by the contaminations in the main components of the JUNO detector were computed with the Monte Carlo codes. The rate of events induced in the detector was assessed based on the imposed radiopurity limits, obtaining the expected total background event rate. The value obtained is lower than the limit set to ensure the final sensitivity of the experiment. This allowed correcting and validating the answer of the official software of the JUNO experiment and verifying the actuality of the radiopurity limits initially defined for the components of the detector. During my Ph.D. I completed the development of the new measurement system, called GeSparK that exploits the coincidence between a liquid scintillator and an HPGe detector to reduce the background of the single HPGe detector. I also worked on the development of a new delayed coincidence technique that exploits the nuclear structure of 239Np, the activation product of 238U, in order to obtain an extremely strong marker of this particular decay and significantly increase the measurement sensitivity compared to the traditional approach. The sensitivity obtained was still insufficient compared to the requests of JUNO and for this reason, it was decided to implement a series of radiochemical treatments. Different treatments have been proposed, tested, and implemented with the two aims of increasing the mass of the measurable sample and reducing the concentration of interfering nuclides. The technique developed for uranium and thorium involves a liquid-liquid extraction phase and the extraction chromatography with UTEVA and TEVA resins respectively before and after irradiation. Two measurements conducted on "blank samples” with the final procedure allowed us to achieve a sensitivity that is compatible with the limits imposed by JUNO for the liquid scintillator at the ppq level.
Schmitt, Sébastien. « Chimie et Radiochimie de dérivés pipéridiniques pour l'imagerie TEP des récepteurs aux opiacés de sous-type kappa ». Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2079.
Texte intégralWith the aim of developing a radiopharmaceutical for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of kappa opioid receptor (KOP-R), we investigated the synthesis and the radiosynthesis of fluorinated piperidines derived from JDTic, a potent and selective KOP-R antagonist. We developed the synthesis of four original KOP-R ligands that have been found to display affinity and selectivity in vitro. We performed the radiolabelling with fluorine-18 (+ emitter, t1/2 = 110 min) of the more potent ligand and developed its automated radiosynthesis. In addition, we studied the diastereoselective synthesis of (3R*,4R*)- and (3R*,4S*)-4-aryl-4-alkyl-3-methylpiperidines, and the radiolabelling with fluorine-18 of 4-fluoromethylpiperidines. Finally, in ancillary works, we developed an original methodology of fluorination and radiofluorination of functionalized sultones for labeling with fluorine-18 of macromolecules
Llorens, Isabelle. « Etude de la coprécipitation du technétium-99 avec la sidérite (FeCO3) comme phase d'accueil ». Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112336.
Texte intégralCoprécipitation of radionuclides with secondary phase is currently neglected in safety assessments for radioactive waste repository, although this process thought to be important in limiting radionuclide solution concentrations. The aim of this work is to study the coprecipitation of technetium-99 with siderite as host phase. The coprecipitaion has been studied as function of Tc/Fe initial concentration radio. A method of coprecipitation has been developed under reducing and anoxic conditions. The study of pure phases shows the formation of crystalline siderite phase whose crystallites size decrease with the precipitation rate. Concerning the pure carbonate of technetium (IV), the soluble complexes stoechiometry is TcCO3(OH)3. Solution analyses (liquid scintillation counting) combined with solid phase characterization (XRD, TEM, IR, spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy) show the existence of two phases in the case of a low technetium concentration into the solid (from 1 to 2 %). The first one is a carbonate green rust and the second is composed of technetium incorporated within the siderite structure. In the case of high technetium concentration into the solid, it coprecipitates with a phase assimilated to a green rust
Rousseau, Gurvan. « Coprécipitation de Th, Eu, La et Ac avec UO2 comme phase d'accueil ». Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2045.
Texte intégralLeclercq, Amelie. « Étude du comportement et du transfert de certains actinides et d'un produit de fission dans différents compartiments naturels ». Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4016.
Texte intégralThe behavior of certain anthropogenic radionuclides (RNs) (137Cs, 238,239+240Pu, 241Am) was studied in samples of soil, water and sediment collected in the Boreon Massif. In this non-anthropized environment, these RNs are still measurable. They come from nuclear weapon tests (238,239+240Pu and 241Am) and from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident (137Cs). Radioactive pollutions stay near the surface in these undisturbed soils. In the lake sediments, direct deposits of the radioactive fallouts are detected in depth due to the effect of sedimentation causing RNs to leave the ground surface. The transference between those two natural compartments has shown the importance of water as a transport vehicle and the prevalence of leaching compared to lixiviation. Leaching carries RNs from the drainage basin slopes, to the clearing and then to the sediment through the aqueous phase. In solid samples, RNs have a low mobility, 241Am is the most movable isotope and 137Cs the less movable. 238,239+240Pu isotopes have an intermediate behavior. Mobility rate is correlated with the contact of the solid sample with water. Thus, RN mobility is more important in sediment than in soil. Temporal evolution has not been performed despite a tentative based on Pb isotopes due to the natural environment complexity. Two approaches (sorption tests and structural analysis of spiked water and sediment by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved laser induced spectroscopy) in the laboratory have led to a better knowledge of Am behavior using Eu as an analog. In spiked water, the presence of two complexes, one inorganic Eu(OH)CO3(aq) and one organic with humic acids, has been considered. Lake sediment has an important retention capacity with a kinesis of rapid sorption predicting the low mobility of Am in this natural environment
Cohen, Thierry. « Préparation et étude de la permsélectivité de membranes échangeuses d'anions préparées par greffage radiochimique sur les polymères perfluorés ». Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA120012.
Texte intégralHERBELIN, JEAN-MARC. « Etude par spectroscopie de photoelectrons (xps) et radiochimie (c136) de l'interaction des ions chlorures avec le film passif forme sur le nickel ». Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066170.
Texte intégralDeroubaix, Gérard. « Etude par radiochimie (s#3#5*) et spectroscopie de photoelectrons (xps) des premiers stades de sulfuration d'un alliage cu-30% zn (laiton) ». Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066702.
Texte intégralPalazzolo, Alberto. « Development of new methods for the hydrogen isotope exchange catalyzed by metallic nanoparticles ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS276.
Texte intégralHydrogen isotopes labelled compounds possess a broad range of application in the early pre-clinical phases of drug development process. For instance, deuterated compounds are applied as internal standard in quantitative LC-MS techniques while tritiated molecules are often the preferred radioactive tracers for the study of molecular absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). After a brief introduction, a first chapter will discuss the development of a mild and selective method to perform late stage labelling of variously functionalized nucleobases and drug analogues catalyzed by ruthenium nanoparticles. By changing the ligand which stabilizes the nanocatalyst, we achieved challenging isotopic exchanges such as tritiations of pharmaceuticals using subatmospheric pressure of tritium gas and deuteration of sensible oligonucleotides. The next chapter will describe the modification of commercially available ruthenium nanocatalysts via the coordination of N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). The modification granted enhanced regio and chemoselectivity for the deuteration of aliphatic alcohols. Some of the modified ruthenium catalysts allowed the hydrogen/deuterium exchange on easily reducible compounds which were not obtainable using the unmodified commercial catalyst. The final chapter will discuss the synthesis and the evaluation of the catalytic activity of iridium nanoparticles. The latter, showed an interesting reactivity for the labelling of challenging substrates. In some of the investigated compounds, IrNps were able to introduce deuterium with unusual regioselectivities compared to already described hydrogen isotope exchange reactions
Vercouillie, Johnny. « Médicaments radiopharmaceutiques pour l'exploration en Tep et en Temp du transporteur de la sérotonine : conception, synthèse et validation ». Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR3801.
Texte intégralTang, Sandrine. « Synthèse, marquage et validation pharmacologique de ligands des récepteurs sérotoninergiques 5-HT6 et 5-HT7 de type indole et pyrrolidine ». Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10233.
Texte intégralPfeifer, Viktor. « Tritium and Deuterium Labelling of Bioactive Molecules Catalyzed by Metallic Nanoparticles ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS275/document.
Texte intégralThis PhD thesis deals with the development of new efficient methods for the incorporation of hydrogen isotopes into organic molecules, which represents a serious issue especially for drug discovery and drug development processes. After giving an introduction about hydrogen isotopes and their applications in organic molecules, the course will proceed to an overview of different chemical transformations for establishing deuterium or tritium labels on molecular frameworks. The possibilities to label N-heterocycles by hydrogen isotopes through hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) are still very restricted and even impossible for some representatives despite the strong recurrence of these substructures in numerous biologically active molecules. For this reason, the emphasis of the practical part will lie on the development of new methods for the incorporation of deuterium and tritium on N-heterocycles through metal nanoparticle catalysis. In the first chapter, HIE through ruthenium nanocatalysts will be optimized and the application range will be demonstrated. In this context, DFT-based calculations allowed to explain experimental regioselectivities and to identify new keyintermediates. In terms of application, it was shown that the ruthenium-catalyzed method is useful for the synthesis of deuterium labelled internal standards for LC-MS quantifications and for the tritiation of complex molecules displaying satisfying specific activities. In the next chapter, the synthesis of new nickel nanoparticles and their potential to catalyze selective HIE on N-heterocyclic derivatives will be discussed
Helfenbein, Julie. « Développement des médicaments radiopharmaceutiques pour l'exploration des transporteurs de la dopamine et de la sérotomine dans le système nerveux central ». Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR4022.
Texte intégralNo summary available
Sobrio, Franck. « Développement de traceurs pour l'étude des récepteurs nicotiniques par TEP : la [11C]-mécamylamine et le [11C]SIB 1553A. Radiomarquages par le tritium et le carbone-11 d'un inhibiteur d'une sérine protéase : le t-PA STOP ». Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2056.
Texte intégralJoyard, Yoann. « Synthèse de nouveaux radiomarqueurs potentiels de l’hypoxie tumorale : Développement d’une nouvelle méthodologie de fluoration nucléophile et son application vers la synthèse du 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-désoxy-D-glucose ». Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAM0018/document.
Texte intégralIt has been recognized that hypoxia plays a major negative role in overall tumor progression. The identification and quantitative estimation of tumor hypoxia by means of nuclear imaging is an important factor in planning the therapeutic strategy for a better clinical outcome. In the present work, a new 99mTc tracer for imaging tumor hypoxia has been successfully developed. New organosilicon fluorinated derivatives were also studied. Every synthesized compounds incorporated a nitroimidazole moiety, which is selectively trapped in hypoxic cells. The second part of this work, led to the development of a new nucleophilic fluorination strategy for the preparation of PET tracers. The new strategy was attempted for the preparation of Fluorodeoxyglucose. In the course of this study, a novel oxidative deprotection method of thiols was developed. Herein was described, the synthesis of sulfonic acid derivatives by oxidative deprotection of thiols using tert-butyl hypochlorite
Patin, Delphine. « Le radiopharmaceutique en TEP : imagerie des lymphomes non-Hodgkiniens avec la [18F]Fludarabine ; synthèse, radiosynthèse et évaluation in vivo d’un procédé de vectorisation ». Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2087.
Texte intégralWe have investigated the radiosynthesis of Fludarabine, a drug used for the treatment of lymphoproliterative disorders, to develop a specific tracer of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma for PET imaging. The radiolabelling with fluorine-18 and its automation on commercial apparatus were performed. The in vivo evaluation in preclinical studies showed that [18F]Fludarabine presents a better contrast than [18F]FDG and could be useful for diagnosis and monitoring of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In a second part and in order to develop a tool for studying the norepinephrine system, involved in numerous cerebral pathologies, we have focused our research in the cerebral vectorization of MIBG. We developed a system based on 1,4-dihydroquinoline / quinolinium salt redox system and realized its labeling with carbon-11. The in vivo evaluation allowed to validate this chemical delivery system which would next used to vectorize the [125I]MIBG to the central nervous system
Gineste, Jean-Luc. « Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux séparateurs greffés destinés aux accumulateurs au lithium ». Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20213.
Texte intégralMédoc, Marie. « Radiosynthèse et évaluation biologique de radiotraceurs pour la visualisation en TEP de l'apoptose et marquage au fluor-18 de β-fluoroamines via un intermédiaire aziridinium ». Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN3151.
Texte intégralPositron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique which requires the use of radiopharmaceuticals and provides the in vivo visualization of various biological phenomena at a molecular level. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death involved in various pathologies as ischemia, cancers or autoimmune diseases. Several therapies trigger apoptosis in particular in the field of oncology. The in vivo vizualisation of apoptosis is a main stake for diagnostic, prognostic and monitoring of therapies. Several isatins as caspases-3 inhibitors were radiolabelled and evaluated in vivo in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. [18F]-ML-10 and an radiolabelled isatin both used as standard radiotracers were radiolabelled and evaluated within the same animal model as comparative references. None of those radiotracers permitted to image the apoptosis phenomenon induced by the cerebral ischemia. β-Fluoroamine moiety is present in various [18F]-radiolabelled molecules. A new method for the radiolabelling of β-[18F]-fluoroamines was developed by opening of aziridinium ring by [18F]-fluoride ion. This method allows a nucleophilic substitution reaction at room temperature starting from stable β-aminoalcohols providing an aziridinium intermediate. This radiolabelling reaction was applied with success to various molecules including known radiopharmaceuticals
Lafargue, Anne-Elodie. « Synthèse et réactivité de sultones pour le développement de diopharmaceutiques destinés à l’imagerie par tomographie par émission de positons ». Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2064.
Texte intégralThis work focused on the valorization of sultones for the radiolabeling with fluorine-18 of biomolecules and the development of new radiotracers for PET imaging. The synthesis of a dozen sultones bearing a second sultone ring or an alkyne function was developed. Radiofluorination was found to be highly efficient. Sultones were successfully involved in the radiolabeling of peptides (cRGD), proteins (albumin) and glycoprotein (EPO) according to a two-step sequence consisting in radiofluorination then conjugation by “click” chemistry under physiological conditions. A further application led to the development of [18F]AEL-3156 which was found to be a promising radiotracer for hypoxia imaging in preliminary in-vivo evaluation in animal models
Celette, Nathalie. « Vieillissement sous irradiation d'EPDM : modification des propriétés d'usage ». Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10202.
Texte intégralHoareau, Raphaël. « Synthèse, radiosynthèse et évaluation in vivo de nouveaux radiotraceurs du sous-type D3 des récepteurs dopaminergiques pour l'imagerie par tomographie par émission de positons ». La Réunion, 2009. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/09_13_hoareau.pdf.
Texte intégralThe Positron Emission Tomography is a functional imaging technique to characterize in vivo biological function involved in a given pathophysiology. Dopamine interacts with dopamine receptors located in pre-and / or post-synaptic. There are 5 subtypes of receptors which are expressed specifically in certain functional areas of the brain. The discovery and pharmacological characterization of D3 subtype by Sokoloff et al. In the 90s have made this subtype a particular biological target of interest in the treatment of addictions by BP897, a partial agonist. The 11C-raclopride and 18F-fallypride PET tracers are non-specific D2 / D3 subtypes. A correlation between in vivo mode of action of atypical anti-psychotics with the occupancy rate of the D2 / D3 receptors was published by Seeman et al. In the 2000s. The work of this thesis was to develop new carbon-11 and fluorine-18 PET probes with structures similar to that of BP897. The first part of the work consisted to synthesize the non-radioactive references compounds and PET radiolabelling precursors. After their HPLC and spectral characterization, preliminary studies of fluorine-18 incorporation provided the best conditions for radiolabelling: 160#C, 5 minutes in DMSO followed by a pre-purification on Al2O3 cartridge connected to a filter and then a semi-preparative HPLC. They have been used for the synthesis of each fluorine-18 PET probes. In some cases, these conditions degrade the precursor and produce non-resolvable analog compounds by semi-preparative HPLC which pollute the 18F-tracer specific radioactivity. Four F-18 tracers were injected in rats. Despite a non-zero cerebral perfusion, their distributions do not match to the in vitro localization of the D3 receptor. Some tracers have a too high non-specific distribution while other structures have a specific binding in certain brain areas non-comparable to a specific single binding mode to the D3 subtype. D3 specific tracers are probably smaller molecules with a low non-specific binding, very selective to D3 subtype and able to bind to this receptor in the presence of a high concentration of dopamine
Le, Du Alicia. « Etude des générateurs in vivo Pb-212/Bi-212 et U-230/Th-226 pour la radiothérapie alpha ciblée ». Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00779481.
Texte intégralProvitina, Olivier. « Dosage à très bas niveau de radionucléides à longue période émetteurs bêta ou alpha par spectrométrie de masse à couplage plasma inductif ». Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX11034.
Texte intégralFranck, Didier. « Étude chimique et radiochimique de la partie superficielle d'encroûtements polymétalliques d'origine marine ». Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112144.
Texte intégralThis thesis reports the chemical and radiochemical studies of eight polymetallic crusts from Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The purpose of this work was to test the hypothesis of "closed system" related to the geochronological studies performed on these deposits. Radiochemical studies show that among the U-Th decay family isotopes, only the radium and radon daughters follow a diffusion-type profile within the oxide depth. Most of the gradients displayed by the chemical elements are rather due to changes in the growing conditions than to diffusion except for Sb, W and Mo which exhibit a post-incorporation like profile. The growth rates deduced from U-Th series disequilibrium are thus confirmed, however, the crusts are not considered as a "closed system" against sea-water
Lemaitre, Nathalie. « Les nodules polymétalliques du bassin du Pérou : diversité des modes de croissance et relations avec l'environnement sédimentaire ». Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112239.
Texte intégralThis thesis presents the results of a chemical and radiochemical study of numerous polymetallic nodules from the Peru basin (South Eastern Pacific) and associated sediments. Three types of formation processes have been uncovered, each with its own characteristic accretion rate yielding nodules of different chemical composition. The elements responsible for the formation of the nodules come from three sources: 1) iron from the sea water (hydrogenous); 2) nickel and copper from the oxidizing sea water-sediment interface through early diagenesis; 3) manganese from the reducing diagenesis within the first few centimeters of the sediment. The nature of the sedimentary environment is directly responsible for the relative contribution of the three sources to the formation of the nodules. Two key factors: sedimentation rate and the amount of organic materiel in the sediments, determine the development of sedimentary surface diagenesis and the growth of diagenetic nodules. Within the Peru basin, two distinct zones of nodules are recognizable : zone 1, starting 6° South, has nodules resulting from reducing diagenesis; zone 2, South of 9°S, contains a mixture of nodules formed by early diagenesis in an oxidizing environment and by water transport, in proportions determined by the bottom topography and water currents. The results have made it possible to define more precisely the chemical composition of the three components. The results have been compared with those published for North Pacific and they agree well. The lateral zones are symmetrical with respect to the equator, confirming thus the key role of the organic matter in the growth of nodules
Collet, Charlotte. « Élaboration de nouveaux radiotraceurs pour le diagnostic de la Maladie d'Alzheimer ». Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10150.
Texte intégralThe synthesis of new radiotracers to diagnose earlier Alzheimer's disease by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a rapidly growing field. Inisitol derivatives, which show aggregative properties to amyloid plaques, have been chosen as scaffold to create and synthesize new radiolabelled compounds for a early diagnostic. Four types of radiotracers have been designed. The first one is the scyllo-inositol in which one hydroxyl group is replaced by a fluorine-18. The second and third generations are inositols in myo and scyllo configurations where the fluorine-18 atom is carried by an alkyl chain. The structure of inositols is then preserved. Finally for the last generation, the alkyl chain bearing the fluorine-18 is introduced via an ether linkage. The synthesis of this type of molecules allows the incorporation of a longer spacer
Champion, J. « Exploration du caractère métallique de l'astate en solution aqueuse ». Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450909.
Texte intégralHeisbourg, Guillaume. « Synthèse, caractérisation et études cinétique et thermodynamique de la dissolution de ThO_2 et des solutions solides Th_(1-chi)M_(chi)O_2 (M=U,Pu) ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005511.
Texte intégralLabas, Romain. « Développement de radiotraceurs pour la visualisation des récepteurs NMDA de sous-type NR2B par tomographie par émission de positons ». Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2051.
Texte intégralIn order to study the NR1/NR2B subtype of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor by Positron Emission Tomography (PET), the radiosynthesis of novel antagonists as potential PET radiotracers has been developed. The first compound was labelled with carbon-11 on a benzimidazolone moiety using [11C]-phosgene within 30 minutes. The in vivo evaluation of this radiotracer in rat by µPET showed a low brain uptake and failed to image NR2B subtype receptors. The radiolabelling of a 4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidine derivative was achieved from potassium [18F]-fluorine in 3 steps. A nucleophilic aromatic substitution of a nitro group activated in the para position led to the fluorine-18 incorporation. A carbonyl reduction was realised using triethylsilane in triflic acid and a final deprotection step afforded the [18F]-labelled compound in 9. 5 ± 1. 5% yield in 135 minutes. In vitro evaluation of this radiotracer on rat brain slices showed a specific binding in cerebral regions having high density of NR2B subunit containing NMDA receptors. The radiosynthesis of antagonists belonging to a series of oxamides was studied using a coupling reaction between the 4-(4-[18F]-fluorobenzyl)piperidine and oxalamic acids but this approach failed to afford expected [18F]-labelled compounds. A second route was envisaged by a direct fluorination reaction of a nitro precursor and led to the radiosynthesis in two steps of a novel [18F]-labelled antagonist of NR2B subtype NMDA receptors
Destro, Gianluca. « Chemistry of CO₂ for the synthesis of radio-labelled compounds ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS228.
Texte intégralRadioisotope labeling is a relevant topic both from a fundament research perspective and for health applications in academy and pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. In this context, carbon-14 plays a basic role in drug development and ADME and toxicological studies. Traditional synthesis with radiocarbon (¹⁴C), based on lengthy and multistep approaches, have hampered the sustainable of the strategy. The aim of this thesis is to develop novel labeling techniques by isotope exchange. At first, our efforts were focused on the developement of a copper catalyzed dynamic carbon isotope exchange (CIE) using ¹³CO₂ and ¹⁴CO₂, a fundamental and readily available source of radiocarbon on (hetero)aromatic carboxylic acids. The concept of CIE was further extent to another relevant drug scaffolds such as phenyl acetic acids. Hence, it was described a transition metal-free approach able to exchange ¹³CO₂, le ¹⁴CO₂ and ¹¹CO₂, to the best of our knowledge this would be the first example. At last, another CIE with a different primary radiocarbon source such as cyanyde was envisioned. CIE technology expands the concept of late-stage carbon radiolabeling, with substrates bearing carboxylic acid and nitrile moieties, reducing the synthetic costs and limiting the generation of radioactive waste. This new process is still at its infancy and more work need to be done
Bourdier, Thomas. « Développement de quinoléinimides N-substitués, traceurs potentiels des récepteurs opiacés de type delta pour l'imagerie médicale par TEP ». Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2047.
Texte intégralHuiban, Mickaël. « Synthèse d'aminostéroi͏̈des à potentialité thérapeutique : Utilisation de nouvelles espèces organométalliques pour la synthèse rapide de radiotraceurs ». Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN2057.
Texte intégralKoudih, Radouane. « Développement de 3-[18F]fluoropipéridines pour la visualisation des récepteurs NMDA de sous-type NR2B par tomographie par émission de positons ». Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN3132.
Texte intégralThe imaging of the NR2B subtype of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors would permit to understand their involvement in the physiopathological processes as neurodegenerative diseases, stroke or pain. We have developed three antagonists labelled with fluorine-18 to visualize the NR2B NMDA receptors by Positron Emission Tomography (PET). First, we have developed the multistep synthesis of the labelling precursors and reference compounds. The labelling with fluorine-18 was achieved in one step from the mesylate labelling precursors. The in vitro studies showed a high affinity and selectivity of the three radiotracers for the NR2B subtype. The in vivo evaluation showed a good plasmatic stability but a weak brain uptake. We have also studied the labelling with fluorine-18 of substituted 3-[18F]fluoropiperidines for the use of this method in the development of new radiopharmaceuticals containing piperidine pattern
Legris, Claude. « Étude de la formation de gels par réticulation radiochimique de la polyvinylpyrrolidone en solution ». Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPE070.
Texte intégralHydrophilic gels are finding increasing uses in a variety of industrial applications. The gamma radiolysis of solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone was investigated. This polymer is broadly known for its applications as biomaterials and pharmaceutical products. We show that radiation method is specially attractive for creating such gels because the process is easily controlled and no additives are needed. We studied with special attention the following parameters : dose rate, concentration and molecular weight of polymer, nature of the solvent. The increase of the viscosity of the solutions was determined during the pre-gel stage. The respective values of sol and gel fraction were measured for the post-gel stage. The minimum radiative dose for formation of an incipient network (gelation dose) increases with the concentration of the initial polymer for aqueous solutions but decreases for methanolic solutions. But the efficiency of crosslinking, represented by a radiation chemical yield, increases steadily with this concentration in both cases. So we consider the various competing processes which account for the observed relationships. Swelling properties of the gels obtained under different conditions are reported
Lamesa, Chloé. « Technique diagnostique en deux temps pour l'imagerie moléculaire en oncologie : mise au point d'un anticorps bispécifique et études radiochimiques sur le marquage au 68Ga ». Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9e91d444-2949-4b78-b9e7-c1b4a3c860ef.
Texte intégralIn this study, the affinity enhancement system is proposed with nuclear imaging using gallium-68. This work is presented in two parts. The first part investigates new chemistry system used N,N′-(o-phenylene)dimalemide to produce a bispecific antibody which targets a tumour antigen and a hapten. The second part evaluates radiolabel and radiochemistry properties of 68Ga complexes using two chelators in order to radiolabel divalent hapten named di-HSGL. Synthesise optimisations show that the optimal digestion of antibody is realized with 5 % of pepsin (p/p). F(ab')2 reduction studies indicate that cysteamine, a soft powerful reducing agent, is enough to reduce disulfide bonds and does protect the integrity of created Fab'. Eventually, the affinity studies of the new divalent vector confirm the good affinity constants to both antigen and hapten. The second part presents radiochemistry studies of DOTA and HBED chelators for 68Ga. They show HBED is more interesting than DOTA to radiolabel hapten with 68Ga. Radiolabel is made at room temperature. Its specific activity is better than DOTA's one. Radiolabel rate and method optimization should allow to inject the final product without purification stage
Bermudez, Rodriguez Iris Marisol. « Effets chimiques associés aux réactions nucléaires (n,[gamma]) dans des solutions aqueuses diluées, liquides ou congelées, d'halogènures organiques ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR17001.
Texte intégralLioret, Vivian. « Synthèse de molécules optimisées pour l'absorption de la radiation Cherenkov : applications à l'imagerie optique et à la thérapie photodynamique ». Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK066.
Texte intégralThe aim of this thesis was to synthesize molecules capable of absorbing the Cherenkov radiation (the CRET process) and to study them to develop both concepts: near infrared Cherenkov luminescence imaging (NIR-CLI) and Cherenkov photodynamic therapy (CR-PDT). The use of such an energy source in the biomedical field is quite recent (2009). In 2019, the synthesis of molecules dedicated to an optimal use of the CR is not widespread. Hence, a series of molecules have been designed to achieve ether light emission for diagnostic purpose (fluorophores) or to achieve the generation of reactive oxygen species for a therapeutic purpose (photosensitizers). We have also suggested a new possible use of the Cherenkov radiation in the biomedical field: the activation of molecules able to release carbon monoxide (photo-CORM).The synthesis of fluorophores and photosensitizers bearing antenna have been carried out. Such antenna allows the resulting conjugates to absorb the Cherenkov luminescence, the emission of which is located in the UV/blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Subphthalocyanines, phthalocyanines and cyanines 7 have been chosen because of their fluorescence and/or photosensitizing properties. Antenna, such as coumarine or pyrene, have been introduced on these platforms.Photophysical studies, showed that our probes, in the presence of a Cherenkov emitter (such as [18F]-FDG, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose), were able to absorb the Cherenkov light and subsequently emit photons in the red/NIR region leading to promising amplification of the radiance in this window.Also, in the presence of Cherenkov emitter (with no external light source), our probes appeared to be efficient photosensitizers because they generate singlet oxygen and lead to (Cherenkov-induced) photocytotoxicity on melanoma cells.These thesis studies showed that Near Infrared Cherenkov Luminescence Imaging (NIR-CLI) allowed to detect a signal coming from a deeper area compared to the classic CLI, and that Cherenkov induced Photodynamic Therapy (CR-PDT) allowed to overcome the penetrability issue coming from the irradiation beam in classic PDT
Sardana, Malvika. « Development of New Late-Stage Labeling Methods with Labeled Carbon and Fluorine-18 ». Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF001.
Texte intégralIsotope labeling is a crucial tool in drug discovery. Therefore, expanding the toolbox of a radiochemist with methods that allow late-stage labeling is highly important. The work presented in this thesis describes the development and utilization of late-stage labeling methods with carbon and fluorine. Carbonylation reactions with carbon monoxide are particularly known as mild and compatible with the late-stage labeling. The first part of the thesis describes the development of visible-light mediated palladium-catalysis using alkyl iodides as the coupling partner for the carbonylation. The mild and versatile radical aminocarbonylation protocol has shown good substrate compatibility. The use of 9-Methylfluorene-9-carbonyl chloride (COgen) allowed easy translation between unlabeled and labeled reaction. In order to bypass the synthesis of COgen which proceeds in two steps plus one step for the liberation of CO, we focused our efforts towards the one step reduction of labeled CO₂ to labeled CO using disilanes catalyzed by fluorides. The last part of this thesis discusses the development of a new positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an active transporter at the blood-brain barrier. Crizotinib is an approved treatment for non-small cell lung carcinoma and its brain accumulation is restricted by P-gp. Crizotinib was successfully labeled with ¹⁸F, and rodent studies to map P-gp and improve the delivery of crizotinib to the brain are ongoing
Moreau, Mathieu. « Marquage de molécules biologiques par des complexes de radiométaux à base de polyamines macrocycliques ». Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796881.
Texte intégralBouteiller, Cédric. « Développement de traceurs fluorescents dérivés de l’ifenprodil pour l’étude des récepteurs NMDA NR2B par imagerie optique. Radiofluoration de sultones pour le marquage au fluor-18 de macromolécules utilisables en tomographie par émission de positons ». Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2027.
Texte intégralChemical tools for optical imaging and/or positron emission tomography were developed. In a first part, fluorescent probes of NMDA NR2B receptors involved in neurodegenerative diseases, were targeting by dye conjugaison to ifenprodil (from the 4-hydroxyphenylethanolamine class of potent NR2B antagonists) derivatives. Several derivatives were prepared by conversion of ethanolamines into ethyldiamines by mesylation followed by a nucleophilic substitution with an appropriate amine, as well as by lithiation or copper-catalysed coupling with various amines, diamines, aminoalcools or imines, of bromo or iodo analogues of ifenprodil to afford the corresponding anilines, anilides, benzylic alcohols or benzylamines. 4-Hydroxyphenylethyldiamine derivatives displayed affinities toward NR2 receptors closed to that of ifenprodil (determined by a functional test of calcium influx inhibition) and were conjugated to fluorophore (dansyl or sulfocyanine). In vitro evaluation, confocal microscopy and in vivo imaging showed a low specificity of the resulting tracers for the NR2B receptors. In a second part, a new methodology of radiofluorination of functionalized propane and butane sultones into [18F]-fluorosulfonates, applicable to the radiolabeling of macromolecules and sulfofluorophores, was studied. This reaction was carried out using [18F]-potassium fluoride in acetonitrile at 50 or 110 °C for 2 min with radiochemical yields ranging from 60 to 90%
Rousselle, Jérôme. « Etude de la formation du phosphate diphosphate de thorium (PDT) en milieu nitrique en vue d'une décontamination d'effluents de haute activité contenant des actinides ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006196.
Texte intégralCrumière, Francis. « Etudes de l’effet de TEL lors de la radiolyse de l’eau : rendements radiolytiques de l’hydrogène moléculaire ». Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT2096.
Texte intégralIonizing radiation’s effects onto water molecules lead to the ionization and/or the excitation of them. Then, these phenomena are followed by the formation of radicals (H•, •OH, •HO2, e-hyd) and molecular products (H2 et H2O2). The Linear Energy Transfer (LET), which defines the energy deposition density along the radiation length, is different according to the nature of ionizing particles. Thus, the values of radiation chemical yields, defined as the number of radical and molecular products formed or consumed by unit of deposited energy, evolve according to this parameter. This work consists in following the evolution of radiation chemical yield of molecular hydrogen, which is involved in several studies and particularly in the nuclear fuel cycle, according to the LET of ionizing particles (-rays, protons, helions). First, studies allowed to follow global radiation chemical yields G(H2) and primary radiation chemical yields g(H2) for a large range of integral LET values from 0. 2 to 150 keV μm-1. Results show that the using of scavenger becomes ineffective when the LET value is higher than 120 keV μm-1. Then, an irradiation’s cell allowing having a homogeneous deposit of energy in the samples had been developed. Experiments, with a “constant” LET value, give results which can be compare with those of a Monte Carlo simulations program. Therefore, the understanding of radiation chemical mechanisms involved in the formation of molecular hydrogen was allowed by this work
Mahfoudhi, Mohamed. « Eu3+ ion environment modification by Electron and femtosecond laser irradiation in metaphosphate and polyphosphate glasses ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX066.
Texte intégralRare Earth (RE) doped phosphate glasses are attractive materials in optic due to their low glass transition temperature and their high ability to dissolve rare earth ions compared to silicate glasses. In this work, we are interested in understanding the mechanisms leading to the structural modification of zinc polyphosphate and metaphosphate glasses under irradiation with the aim of controlling the environment of rare earth ions (in particular Eu3+ ions) by irradiation. We compared the effects obtained under electron and femtosecond laser irradiation by varying the dose and electron energy (700 keV and 2.5 MeV), the laser repetition rate as well as the glass compositions that contain different alkaline and alkaline earth ions (Na, Li, K and Mg) and Zn contents.We have demonstrated the decrease of the Eu3+ site symmetry, the increase of the sites dispersion as well as an effective reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ under electron irradiation.The presence of Zn attenuates the variation of the local order around the rare earth, while the vitreous network is less stable under irradiation. The formation of Eu2+ ions (under two types of high and low symmetry environments) is further enhanced in the presence of Zn and using 700 keV electrons. The femtosecond laser at 10 KHz gives causes crystallization of metaphosphate glasses without reduction of Eu3+ ions
Médran-Navarrete, Vincent. « Synthèse de nouvelles sondes moléculaires marquées au fluor-18 pour l’imagerie de la neuroinflammation par Tomographie par Emission de Positons ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112097/document.
Texte intégralThe work presented in this manuscript aims to describe the synthesis of new ligands of the translocation protein 18 kDa (TSPO), their in vitro evaluation and, for the most promising candidates, their isotopic radiolabelling with the short-lived positron emitter fluorine-18 (t1/2 : 109.8 minutes). The ultimate goal of this work consists in developing new molecular probes, or biomarkers, for imaging neuroinflammation in a non-invasive and atraumatic manor using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Neuroinflammatory processes have been identified in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, MS and various psychiatric pathologies.The radioligand of choice for imaging TSPO is currently [18F]DPA-714, a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine radiolabelled with fluorine-18 which has been recently prepared in our laboratories. However, [18F]DPA-714 undergoes a rapid in vivo loss of the radioactive fluorine by cleavage of the fluoroalkoxy chain as demonstrated in metabolic studies. Therefore, my PhD project aimed to design and develop new structurally related analogues of DPA-714 where the linkage between the main backbone and the fluorine-18 would be reinforced. To this extent, nineteen compounds were prepared and their affinity towards the TSPO was evaluated. Two promising candidates, coded DPA-C5yne and CfO-DPA-714, were radiolabelled with fluorine-18 with good radiochemical yields (20-30 %) and high specific radioactivities (50-90 GBq/µmol). These radioligands were also evaluated by PET imaging at the preclinical stage and displayed equivalent or slightly improved results when compared to [18F]DPA-714
Antoni, Florent. « Conception & ; études de biodistribution de liposomes ciblant CD44 dans un modèle de cancer du sein ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC063.
Texte intégralThis project aimed to study the in vivo biodistribution of liposomal nanoparticles targeting CD44, and particularly to evaluate the effect of the targeting agent (anti-CD44 aptamer grafted on the surface of liposomes) on their tumor accumulation. Fluorescent and radiolabeled anti-CD44 liposomes for Positron Emission Tomography imaging were designed. The method we developed has the advantage of being applicable to any type of liposomal nanoparticle, regardless of the targeting agent. The biodistribution results obtained in mice bearing CD44 overexpressing breast cancer xenografts showed that CD44-targeting liposomes had greater tumor accumulation than liposomes without a target antigen, and that this difference was related to the specific Aptamer-CD44 interaction. This confirms the interest of liposomes functionalized with the anti-CD44 aptamer as therapeutic agents (after loading in drugs) in tumor types overexpressing CD44. Finally, the nanoparticles that we have developed are good "companion imaging" agents, making it possible to verify by isotopic imaging the tumor accumulation of the therapeutic counterparts before their administration in patients
Badet, Hugues. « Effet de la radiolyse sur les systèmes de corrosion anoxiques à très long terme des alliages ferreux ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945974.
Texte intégralBernard, Julie. « Synthèse de pinces à fluorures dérivées d'aminoacides pour l'imagerie TEP ». Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS059/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis project, which is part of a collaboration between the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne and the Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, is about the synthesis of fluoride pincers derived from amino acids based on 18F-B bond construction to get a new class of PET imaging agents. First, this project concerned the design, synthesis and characterisation of new boronato and trifluoroborato phosphonium amino acid salts. Quaternisation of o-boronate phenyl phosphine with β-iodo amino esters or γ-iodo amino ester leads to the corresponding salts without racemisation and in yields up to 88%. Saponification of boronato phosphonium amino esters afford the free carboxylic acid derivatives, whereas HCl acidolysis leads to the corresponding amino compounds which offers the opportunity of further biomolecule coupling. Then, o-trifluoroborate phosphonium salts are efficiently prepared by reaction with KHF2 in solution on hydroalcoholic mixture. The kinetic stabilities of these o-trifluoroborate phosphoniums have shown extremely stable compounds to hydrolysis. Finally, [18F]-radiosyntheses of phosphonium salts was studied according to two methods : by 18F-19F isotopic exchange from trifluoroborate or by carrier added preparation of [18F]-fluoride ions from boronate phosphonium salts. Satisfactingly, after a total synthesis of 50 minutes (including azeotropic drying, synthesis and purification), [18F]-203c was obtained with a RCY on 10% decay corrected, a RCP ≥ 97% and a specific activity of 0.13 GBq/µmol
Pauton, Mathilde. « Radiosynthèse de 3/5-[18F]-fluoropyridines à partir de précurseurs iodoniums ». Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC280.
Texte intégralThe fluoropyridinyl moieties have become of increasing importance in the development of drug candidates as well as of radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging after radiolabeling with fluorine-18. Although 3/5-[18F]fluoropyridines are more stable in vivo than their 2,4 or 6 radiofluorinated analogues, their radiosynthesis by nucleophilic pathway from cyclotron produced [18F]fluoride remains difficult and poorly documented. In this context, the work focused on the development of a robust and general route to 3/5-[18F]fluoropyridines based on the radiofluorination of iodonium precursors. In a first part, the preparation of about twenty iodonium salts containing a pyridine or pyridinium scaffold, has been developed. A second part was devoted to the optimization of the radiofluorination reaction of iodonium salts. This study highlighted the important role of TEMPO and K2CO3 in this reaction. Finally, the last part was dedicated to the radiosynthesis of 3/5-[18F]fluoropyridines bearing carboxamide or amine groups according to a multistep approach. All the results showed that radiofluorination of iodonium triflates in the presence of TEMPO was an efficient, general and robust method for the radiosynthesis of 3/5-[18F]fluoropyridines. This method was also successfully transposed on two automated systems
Ismalaj, Ermal. « New Reagents For Fluoroalkylchalcogenations : applications To Hot Chemistry ». Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1021/document.
Texte intégralDuring the last years a lot of progress has been done in the fluorine field. Various groups contributed by developing methodologies or fluorinated reagents that find a wide use nowadays within the scientific community. Among them, we were concentrated in exploiting the association of fluorine with heteroatoms. Such an interest is totally comprehensible considering the changes that fluorine is able to organic compounds. Fluorine is well known for increasing the lipophilicity of the compounds bearing it and one of the most lipophilic motifs is the SCF3 motif. During the last years we have developed three bench-stable trifluoromethylthiolating reagents that were used in synthetic chemistry from us and other groups as well. Starting from the results obtained in this field, recently we expanded our interest towards the development of reagents that act as fluoroalkylthiolating compounds in electrophilic reactions. Thus, two reagents bearing a SCF2FG (FG= functional group) motif were developed and successfully used in SEAr reactions. Thus, such reagents not only opened the way to access various new fluoroalkylthiolated molecules, but also the obtained compounds could be post-functionalized.In this dissertation we also studied the association of fluorine with another chalcogen, Selenium. Fluoroalkylselenolated compounds are less studied respect to the thiolated analogs. Herein, we report a new one-pot strategy to access various trifluoromethylsalenolated compounds through in situ formation of F3CSeCl starting from the easy-to-handle pre-reagent trifluoromethyl benzyl selenide. Also analogs and homologs of the reagent were synthesized and successfully used in reactions leading RCF2Se-addcuts. Some of the synthesized adducts were also used as starting materials innucleophilic 18F-labeling reactions. Thus we accessed for the first time [18F]F3CSe molecules opening the way to selenium in 18F radiolabeling
Morlot, Marine. « Développement de la radiosynthèse de la [¹¹C] sulfasalazine et du radiomarquage au fluor-18 d'aminoesters via un aziridinium pour l'imagerie TEP ». Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC253.
Texte intégralAminoacid transporters are often overexpressed in tumour cells and they represent molecular targets of choice for cancer imaging by Positron Emission Tomography (PET). In order to access to specific radiotracers of these transporters, the thesis project aimed at developing – in a first part, a new 18F-radiolabeling method of fluoroaminoacids based on deoxyradiofluorination of hydroxyaminoester precursors via an aziridinium intermediate – and in a second part, the radiolabelling with carbon-11 of sulfasalazine, an selective inhibiter of Xc- transporters. Deoxyradiofluorination reaction of stable and easily accessible hydroxyaminoesters possessing a serine, methylserine or hydroxyphenylalanine moiety, led to [18F]fluoroaminoesters at room temperature in high and reproducible radiochemical yields. Regioselectivity was function of the substituents on aziridinium ring and amine function. The radiosynthesis of [11C]sulfasalazine has been successfully achieved by coupling reaction of an appropriate diazonium salt with [11C]salicylic acid, obtained by [11C]carboxylation of a bismagnesium precursor from iodophenol. The automation of the radiosynthesis is in progress to produce [11C]sulfasalazine for in vivo studies