Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Racel discrimination »

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Racel discrimination"

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Abou-Shaara, H. F., et A. A. Al-Ghamdi. « Studies on wings symmetry and honey bee races discrimination by using standard and geometric morphometrics ». Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 28, no 3 (2012) : 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1203575a.

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Morphometric is an essential tool for honey bee races discrimination and characterization. Such vital tool has been applied widely in honey bee researches. Unfortunately there is no available literature for confirming honey bee wings symmetry. Therefore, standard and geometric morphometric analyses were employed for investigating wings symmetry as well as for discriminating between Carniolan and Yemeni honey bees. Moreover, three angles of hind wings (H1, H2 and H3) were evaluated in the discrimination between the two races. Results of morphometric analyses strongly confirmed the symmetry of honey bee wings. Standard and geometric morphometric analyses successfully discriminate between the two races. Hind wing length and angle H3 could be incorporated in honey bee races discrimination.
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LIAO, HUNG-CHANG, et YA-HUEI WANG. « THE DEMARGINALIZATION OF FEMALE DISCOURSES : ON THE INTERSECTIONAL DISCRIMINATIONS AGAINST WOMEN IN THE HELP ». LINGUISTICA 13, no 1 (3 mars 2024) : 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jalu.v13i1.56472.

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This paper aimed to examine the unfair treatment and inequality among women by using and assessing the racial, class, and gender perspectives. It also demonstrated the intersectional discrimination against women, and how it brought the oppression and subordination of women in the private and public spheres, which can be characterized as violations of basic human rights and obstacles to the attainment of women’s equality, development, and integrity. In order to further demonstrate the intersectional discrimination against women, the researchers took The Help as a case study to compare various oppressive situations of White middle-class and African-American women and depict how the multiple and overlapped forms of oppression and structural discrimination should be taken into consideration to address the intersectional discriminations against women, particularly African American women. This study adopted latent-content analysis, including primary and secondary resources, as a qualitative method to facilitate analysis of underlying content. The study further concentrated on the diverse perspectives of women to observe various forms of discrimination and examine how the intersectionality of race, class, and gender affects their experiences and conditions of being discriminated. While reflecting upon the discrimination and oppression of the underprivileged genders, races and social classes, readers may manage to deconstruct the “intersectionality” and better empathize with those who are marginalized.
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Bacchini, Fabio, et Ludovica Lorusso. « Race, again : how face recognition technology reinforces racial discrimination ». Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 17, no 3 (12 août 2019) : 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-05-2018-0050.

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Purpose This study aims to explore whether face recognition technology – as it is intensely used by state and local police departments and law enforcement agencies – is racism free or, on the contrary, is affected by racial biases and/or racist prejudices, thus reinforcing overall racial discrimination. Design/methodology/approach The study investigates the causal pathways through which face recognition technology may reinforce the racial disproportion in enforcement; it also inquires whether it further discriminates black people by making them experience more racial discrimination and self-identify more decisively as black – two conditions that are shown to be harmful in various respects. Findings This study shows that face recognition technology, as it is produced, implemented and used in Western societies, reinforces existing racial disparities in stop, investigation, arrest and incarceration rates because of racist prejudices and even contributes to strengthen the unhealthy effects of racism on historically disadvantaged racial groups, like black people. Practical implications The findings hope to make law enforcement agencies and software companies aware that they must take adequate action against the racially discriminative effects of the use of face recognition technology. Social implications This study highlights that no implementation of an allegedly racism-free biometric technology is safe from the risk of racially discriminating, simply because each implementation leans against our society, which is affected by racism in many persisting ways. Originality/value While the ethical survey of biometric technologies is traditionally framed in the discourse of universal rights, this study explores an issue that has not been deeply scrutinized so far, that is, how face recognition technology differently affects distinct racial groups and how it contributes to racial discrimination.
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Krasotkina, Anna, Antonia Götz, Barbara Höhle et Gudrun Schwarzer. « Infants’ Gaze Patterns for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces, and the Other-Race Effect ». Brain Sciences 10, no 6 (29 mai 2020) : 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060331.

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The other-race effect (ORE) can be described as difficulties in discriminating between faces of ethnicities other than one’s own, and can already be observed at approximately 9 months of age. Recent studies also showed that infants visually explore same-and other-race faces differently. However, it is still unclear whether infants’ looking behavior for same- and other-race faces is related to their face discrimination abilities. To investigate this question we conducted a habituation–dishabituation experiment to examine Caucasian 9-month-old infants’ gaze behavior, and their discrimination of same- and other-race faces, using eye-tracking measurements. We found that infants looked longer at the eyes of same-race faces over the course of habituation, as compared to other-race faces. After habituation, infants demonstrated a clear other-race effect by successfully discriminating between same-race faces, but not other-race faces. Importantly, the infants’ ability to discriminate between same-race faces significantly correlated with their fixation time towards the eyes of same-race faces during habituation. Thus, our findings suggest that for infants old enough to begin exhibiting the ORE, gaze behavior during habituation is related to their ability to differentiate among same-race faces, compared to other-race faces.
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Furxhi, Gentisa, Sonela Stillo et Enslemvera Zake (Furxhi. « Job Discrimination and Ethics in the Workplace ». European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no 2 (30 avril 2016) : 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i2.p138-145.

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Every society wants to have an ethical community. Although, that every citizen wants to be treated as equal, studies show that discrimination and gender inequality in employment relationships are present in every society, at any time. Discrimination is: treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin color, sex, sexuality, etc . Job discrimination is when institutional decisions, policies, or procedures are at least partially based on illegitimate forms of discrimination that benefit or harm certain groups of people. Developed societies have a lower rate of job discrimination than developing societies have. Although, it is unclear why in these societies with economic civilization and culture development, job discrimination still exists, when the right of employment is sanctioned and guaranteed by Labor Code and by specific laws. The most common forms of job discriminations are discriminations based on gender, race, ethnic origin, religion, age. New forms are based on disability, sexual orientation, genetics and lifestyle. Not all discrimination is intentional or conscious. Sometimes people favor some groups of people over others as a matter of personal preference, or unconsciously accept stereotypes. Whatever, job discrimination is intentional or it is conscious, it is always immoral. Job discriminations violates utilitarian, rights and justice principles of ethics. Our study is focused to see how much job discriminations is widespread in Albanian society. We will analyze forms of discriminations to have a clear view which are the most common job discriminations types in Albania. Also, we will figure out if employees who have been discriminated in the workplace, have reported this unethical behavior to their supervisor or at the relevant state bodies. At the end, we will see if there has been any punishment to those who use discrimination to the employees.
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Lane, Tom. « Along which identity lines does 21st-century Britain divide ? Evidence from Big Brother ». Rationality and Society 32, no 2 (10 février 2020) : 197–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043463120904049.

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This article measures discrimination in the reality TV show Big Brother, a high-stakes environment. Data on contestants’ nominations are taken from 35 series of the British version of the show, covering the years 2000–2016. Race and age discrimination are found, with contestants more likely to nominate those of a different race and those different in age from themselves. However, no discrimination is identified on the basis of gender, geographical region of origin, or level of education. Racial discrimination is driven by males, but females exhibit stronger age discrimination than males. Age discrimination is driven by the younger contestants discriminating against the older. Regional differences emerge, particularly between contestants from Greater London and those from the north of England; northerners have a stronger tendency to engage in racial and age discrimination, and to discriminate in favour of the opposite gender.
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Yang, Philip Q. « Race, Gender, and Perceived Employment Discrimination ». Journal of Black Studies 52, no 5 (15 juin 2021) : 509–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219347211006486.

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This study investigates the effects of race and gender on perceived employment discrimination using the 2016 General Social Survey that provides new data on perceived employment discrimination that aligns more closely with the legal definition of employment discrimination. It is found that 19% of the American adults self-reported the experience of employment discrimination in job application, pay increase, or promotion in the past 5 years. The results of logistic regression analysis show that either controlling or not controlling for other factors, Blacks were much more likely to perceive being discriminated in employment than Whites, but other races were not significantly different from Whites in perceived employment discrimination after holding other variables constant. While gender did not have a significant independent effect on perceived job discrimination, it did interact with race to influence perceived job discrimination. Regardless of race, women were somewhat less likely than men to perceive job discrimination, but Black women were significantly even less likely than White women to self-report job discrimination, and Black men were much more likely to self-report employment discrimination than White men. These findings have implications for combating employment discrimination and addressing social inequalities.
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Putri, Erischa Rahayu, Galant Nanta Adhitya et Yohanes Angie Kristiawan. « Biracial Discrimination Recounted : A Deep Dive into The Meaning of Mariah Carey ». Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies 11, no 1 (30 avril 2024) : 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v11i1.95660.

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Mariah Carey is an American singer and songwriter; whose mother is white, but her father is black. In 2020, she released The Meaning of Mariah Carey retracks Carey’s life as a biracial woman. This article explains how she is discriminated and reacts to the discrimination. The theories employed are Post-National American Studies; Blank, Dabady, and Citro’s types of discrimination; and Aguirre and Turner’s reaction to discrimination. When she was a kid, teenager, and young adult, the discrimination she endures is more intentional and explicit. The discrimination becomes subtler and more indirect, as she has cemented her status as a musical icon. The fact that she is still discriminated even after she has reached the peak of her superstardom suggests that biracial discrimination can happen to any mixed-race person, regardless of their socioeconomic class. Discrimination comes from both sides of the race. The article signifies how the discrimination faced by mixed-raced people are both similar, but also different from the experiences of other minorities.
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Tomkins, Alan J. « Race discrimination ». Behavioral Sciences & ; the Law 10, no 2 (1992) : 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2370100202.

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Nazara, Marleni Zairanis, et Fetri Reni. « An Analysis of Racial Discriminations as Seen in Kathryn Stokett’s Novel The Help ». Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole 2, no 2 (4 août 2019) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v2i2.361.

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The problem in this analysis is the existence of black racial discrimination by white people who consider themselves more powerful than the black race. This is illustrated in the novel The Help through the treatment of white employers against their helpers, the black race. In this analysis, the author wants to analyze discriminatory actions, causes and effects of racial discrimination in the novel The HelpIn this analysis, descriptive research is taken as a method of data collection. As for the method of data analysis, the authors conducted qualitative methods with understanding the novel. Data collection techniques use qualitative techniques by taking notes in collecting primary data. In data analysis techniques, the author uses structuralism method techniques by interpreting data.The results of this research are: 1) there are elements and acts of discrimination and segregation from white employers to black maids and also various racist actions towards other blacks described in the novel. 2) the cause of racial discriminations in this novel stems from Hilly's idea of making separate toilets with black maids 3) The effect of this racial discriminations is the publication of the novel The Help in Mississippi, the changing viewpoint of their employers and helpers and vice versa.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Racel discrimination"

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Guyaz, Alexandre. « L'incrimination de la discrimination raciale ». Berne : Editions Staempli, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38107369.html.

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Byron, Reginald Anthony. « Disposable Workers : Race, Gender, and Firing Discrimination ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1248449595.

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Williams, David R., Hector M. Gonzalez, Stacey L. Williams, Selina A. Mohammed, Hashim Moomal et Dan J. Stein. « Perceived Discrimination, Race and Health in South Africa ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8029.

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To assess the levels of perceived acute and chronic racial and non-racial discrimination in South Africa, their association with health, and the extent to which they contribute to racial differences in physical and mental health, data were used from a national probability sample of adults, the South African Stress and Health Study (SASH). All Black groups in South Africa (African, Coloured and Indian) were two to four times more likely than Whites to report acute and chronic experiences of racial discrimination. Africans and Coloureds report higher levels of ill health than Whites, but acute and chronic racial discrimination were unrelated to ill health and unimportant in accounting for racial differences in self-rated health. In contrast, all Black groups had higher levels of psychological distress than Whites, and perceived chronic discrimination was positively associated with distress. Moreover, these experiences accounted for some of the residual racial differences in distress after adjustment for socioeconomic status. Our main findings indicate that, in a historically racialized society, perceived chronic racial and especially non-racial discrimination acts independently of demographic factors, other stressors, psychological factors (social desirability, self-esteem and personal mastery), and multiple SES indicators to adversely affect mental health.
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McInerney, Siobhán Alice. « A model for combating race discrimination within EU law ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c27a5c2f-5300-4a12-bed2-8913cf4ad4db.

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Values are operative in all of human rights law. That is an organizing principle of the entirety of this work. I have endevoured to remain true to a self-consciously value-orientated approach to elaborating a model against race discrimination in EU law, and 1 have made no attempt to disguise the substantive values which underpin it, or the commitment to protect fundamental human rights above market goals. While values are controversial, and while reasonable people will disagree on their application, it is submitted that attempting an articulation and exploration of those at work in antidiscrimination law is essential. Values are not, however, plucked from the abstract, and this is how context introduces itself, and remains central to this work. Context is viewed as determinative of values, and therefore of laws and their application. Chapter II offers a contextual definition of race and racism, looking to how a contextualised approach forces us to go beyond formalistic categorise and assumptions of objectivity in anti-discrimination law. The hope is that by freeing our legal conceptions of these categories, we may more fully appraise the extent of discrimination in context, and allow for more progressive strategies to combating it. Chapter III follows from the theoretic position established in Chapter II, looking to various aspects of the 'European context,' its history of immigration and the constitution of its diverse population. This chapter describes the political climate that prevails today and the rise of the extreme right in the past decade, as well as the social and economic consequences of racism in context. It examines also the emergence of 'Eurocentrism' as a new form of ethnocentrism specific to Europe, and partially reinforced by EU law. Chapter IV also relies on the contextual approach of Chapter 11 but applies it to a legal context. It examines the legal context of race discrimination in EU law, with special emphasis on the legal construction of race through the distinction between EU Nationals and Third Country Nationals. This discussion traces the roots of that foundational distinction to Member State laws and looks to the ways in which EU law has replicated and amplified it, and more importantly, to the ways in which it supports a racialised or even racist construct. The focus of this discussion is therefore de jure discrimination which effects race discrimination and how EU law participates in constructing racial Other. Chapter V concerns the corollary de facto discrimination affecting all minorities residing in the EU, but highlights this discrimination as the 'central case' because it afflicts minority EU citizens in the exercise of their EU law rights: in this way it is about insiders who are treated as Other. This chapter examines discriminatory contexts as they are reinforced by aspects of EU law, and as they generate an EU obligation to act from within EU law itself. Chapter VI is a theoretic excursus, which considers the multitude of choices which the anti-discrimination law may embody, dividing these into two basic poles: the liberal perspective and the alternative perspective. A number of central substantive tenets of anti-discrimination law are analysed from the perspective of these two poles. The second part of the chapter applies this theoretic modality to EU law, again considering substantive tenets in EU law in the light of the two poles of anti-discrimination law, with special emphasis on Article 13 and the new Race Directive. A final part of this chapter considers form and the adequacy of the current EU law anti-discrimination model in the light of other existing models. Chapter VII builds on Chapter VI but looks 'behind' the poles that present themselves in EU law, to the normative justifications and aims of anti-discrimination laws. Once again, this issue presents a multitude of choices. This chapter focuses on one such choice involving two distinct orientations in EU law: the Single Market and fundamental human rights. These are considered in tum as justifications for action against race discrimination, and it is argued that a balance between them is needed in EU law. Beyond that mutually defining coexistence, it is also argued that where they are irreconcilable, the normative prioritisation should favour fundamental human rights. An overarching theme of this work is the acknowledgment of the centrality of context and the duality of anti-discrimination law in terms of theoretic models, substantive choices and normative justification and aims. Acknowledging these offers a stronger model for combating discrimination in novel and sui generis contexts, such as the legal context of the EU, allowing us transcend existing legal models in search of more effective synergies. EU law cannot combat race discrimination without acknowledging the sui generis nature of its social and legal contexts and the politics and norms at work at all its levels, or without recognising the specific challenges presented by an economic law burgeoning fundamental rights provisions, or by the sheer diversity of standards and traditions and legal rules that exist within its boundaries.
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Richert, Jennifer Kathleen. « Changing attitudes Congressional rhetoric, race, & ; educational inequalities / ». CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-07182007-152948/.

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Reitman, Meredith Adrienne. « Race in the workplace : meritocracy, whiteness and belonging / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5661.

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Varghese, Anita Jenkins Sharon Rae. « Perceived racial discrimination and psychiatric outcomes among Asian Americans ». [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12210.

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Carlsson, Magnus. « Essays on discrimination in hiring / ». Växjö : Växjö University Press, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5864.

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Pierce, Kathleen Priscilla. « Asymmetrical perceptions of group-based employment disparities differences in subjective evaluations of advantage-based and disadvantage-based discrimination / ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1150217547.

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Gumataotao-Lowe, Catalina San Nicolas. « Institutional racism in higher education : perceptions of people of color / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7888.

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Livres sur le sujet "Racel discrimination"

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Services, Incomes Data, dir. Race discrimination. London : Incomes Data Services, 1993.

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Services, Incomes Data, dir. Race discrimination. London : Incomes Data Services, 1990.

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Services, Incomes Data, dir. Race discrimination. London : Incomes Data Services, 1999.

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Services, Incomes Data, dir. Race discrimination. London : Incomes Data Services, 1996.

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Owen, Claire. Racial discrimination. Cambridge : Independence, 2009.

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Grewal, Harjit. The race discrimination handbook. London : Sphere Reference, 1988.

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Services, Incomes Data, dir. Race and religion discrimination. London : Incomes Data Services, 2004.

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Great Britain. Commission for Racial Equality., dir. Race discrimination law report. London : Commission for Racial Equality, 1990.

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Great Britain. Commission for Racial Equality., dir. Race discrimination law report. London : Commission for Racial Equality, 1990.

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Healey, Justin. Racial discrimination. Thirroul, N.S.W : Spinney Press, 2008.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Racel discrimination"

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Banks, Patricia A. « Discrimination ». Dans Race, Ethnicity, and Consumption, 116–56. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. : Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315121147-6.

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Shin, Patrick. « Discrimination and Race ». Dans The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Discrimination, 196–206. New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series : Routledge handbooks in applied ethics : Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315681634-20.

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Goulbourne, Harry. « Outlawing Racial Discrimination ». Dans Race Relations in Britain Since 1945, 100–122. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26962-4_5.

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Stebbins, Michael. « Race and Other Discriminations ». Dans Sex, Drugs and DNA, 147–88. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-55226-5_6.

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Horne, David K. « Mortgage Lending, Race, and Model Specification ». Dans Discrimination in Financial Services, 43–68. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6147-7_4.

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Fibbi, Rosita, Arnfinn H. Midtbøen et Patrick Simon. « Combatting Discrimination ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 79–91. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67281-2_7.

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AbstractThere is a large variety of policies and actions contributing to tackling discrimination against immigrants and ethno-racial minorities, and countries vary greatly in their strategies to tackle ethnic and racial discrimination. This chapter distinguishes between three main types of measures – antidiscrimination legislation, affirmative action and other equal opportunity policies, and tools for promoting diversity – and describe their origins as well as whether they are implemented in different contexts. The chapter also reviews studies that have aimed at assessing the effectiveness of measures to combat discrimination and concludes by pointing out the necessity of statistics broken down by ethnicity or race to uncover unfair treatment and disadvantage faced by minorities.
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Bell, Derrick. « Critical Race Theory ». Dans Understanding Racism : Theories of Oppression and Discrimination, 107–20. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 : SAGE Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071818671.n8.

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Sharpe, Rhonda Vonshay. « Race and Gender ». Dans Handbook on Economics of Discrimination and Affirmative Action, 1–15. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4016-9_29-1.

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Sharpe, Rhonda Vonshay. « Race and Gender ». Dans Handbook on Economics of Discrimination and Affirmative Action, 407–21. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4166-5_29.

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Banerjee, Subrato. « Race Discrimination : Evolution and Economic Impact ». Dans Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–11. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69625-6_20-1.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Racel discrimination"

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Trinh, Loc, et Yan Liu. « An Examination of Fairness of AI Models for Deepfake Detection ». Dans Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/79.

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Recent studies have demonstrated that deep learning models can discriminate based on protected classes like race and gender. In this work, we evaluate bias present in deepfake datasets and detection models across protected subgroups. Using facial datasets balanced by race and gender, we examine three popular deepfake detectors and find large disparities in predictive performances across races, with up to 10.7% difference in error rate between subgroups. A closer look reveals that the widely used FaceForensics++ dataset is overwhelmingly composed of Caucasian subjects, with the majority being female Caucasians. Our investigation of the racial distribution of deepfakes reveals that the methods used to create deepfakes as positive training signals tend to produce ``irregular" faces - when a person’s face is swapped onto another person of a different race or gender. This causes detectors to learn spurious correlations between the foreground faces and fakeness. Moreover, when detectors are trained with the Blended Image (BI) dataset from Face X-Rays, we find that those detectors develop systematic discrimination towards certain racial subgroups, primarily female Asians.
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Haj Mohamad, T., C. A. Kitio Kwuimy et C. Nataraj. « Discrimination of Multiple Faults in Bearings Using Density-Based Orthogonal Functions of the Time Response ». Dans ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68375.

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This study investigates the use of the mapped density of time response using orthogonal functions to detect single and multiple faults in rolling element bearings. The method is based on constructing the density of a single time response of the system by using orthogonal functions. The coefficients of the orthogonal functions create the feature vector in order to discriminate between different rolling element bearing faults. The method does not require preprocessing of the data, noise reduction, or feature selection. This method has been applied to vibration data of different bearing conditions at rotational speeds ranging from 300 rpm to 3000 rpm. These conditions include a healthy bearing, and bearings with defects in inner race, outer race, combination of inner race and outer race and rolling element. The results have shown remarkable detection efficiency in the case of a single and two bearing fault configurations. In general, for all bearing configurations, the approach has high performance in detecting defective conditions. These results indicate that using the mapped density to characterize the system under different conditions has considerable potential in bearing diagnostics.
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Gaias, Larissa. « Early Elementary Educators' Responses to Race- and Gender-Based Discrimination ». Dans 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC : AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1587821.

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Rutkowski, Adam, et Hubert Stadnik. « Integrated microwave frequency discriminator with rat-race 3dB hybrids ». Dans Radioelectronic Systems Conference 2019, sous la direction de Piotr Kaniewski et Jan Matuszewski. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2565284.

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Latcher, John S., et Richard C. McCurdy. « Data Collection and Analysis for the 1987 Stars & ; Stripes Campaign ». Dans SNAME 8th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-1987-010.

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Data collection from full-scale 12-meter yachts was an important part of the project that led to the America's Cup challenger Stars & Stripes. A data system was developed around Ockam on-board instruments with a telemetry link to two DEC Microvax II computers, one aboard the tender and one on shore. Applications of the data obtained include validation and improvement of computer models and towing tank tests used in design; discrimination of performance differences associated with hull, keel and sail changes; and development of on-board computer systems to assist decision-making during races.
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Gohar, Usman, et Lu Cheng. « A Survey on Intersectional Fairness in Machine Learning : Notions, Mitigation, and Challenges ». Dans Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/742.

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The widespread adoption of Machine Learning systems, especially in more decision-critical applications such as criminal sentencing and bank loans, has led to increased concerns about fairness implications. Algorithms and metrics have been developed to mitigate and measure these discriminations. More recently, works have identified a more challenging form of bias called intersectional bias, which encompasses multiple sensitive attributes, such as race and gender, together. In this survey, we review the state-of-the-art in intersectional fairness. We present a taxonomy for intersectional notions of fairness and mitigation. Finally, we identify the key challenges and provide researchers with guidelines for future directions.
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Brown, C. E., R. A. Engelberg et J. R. Curtis. « A Race Conscious Approach Toward Investigation of Discrimination in Racially Marginalized Patients with Serious Illness ». Dans American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a2370.

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Rutkowski, Adam, et Hubert Stadnik. « IFM receiver based on microwave frequency discriminator that uses rat-race directional couplers ». Dans 2018 22nd International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/mikon.2018.8405314.

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Matsubayashi, Kazuo. « Cause of Housing Segregation : Result of Public Policies ? » Dans 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.85.

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In many large American cities there is a growing phenomenon of the housing segregation between the rich, the poor and the middle class. This paper points out that such segregation is often caused by the public policies encouraging free market real estate development. The result is a disturbing urban condition in which it is geography of the power is directly reflective of housing locations. Such a condition contradicts the American ideal of democracy. This paper addressed the following factors which cause housing segregation; freeways, property tax deduction, zoning and ordinance, housing as a speculative investment commodity, and race and gender discrimination. The paper claims that the capitalism market system cannot remedy the problem, believes that every one is entitled to decent housing, and suggests that any solution will need to accommodate drastic non-capitalism strategies.
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Perumal, Juliet, et Andrea Dawson. « Racial Dynamics at an Independent South African Educational Institution ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002671.

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Historically, education in South Africa has been beset by inequality. Over the last few decades, however, the landscape of South African government schooling has evolved considerably since its distinctive, racially-defined origins. This is largely due to reforms in the education sector, which played a key role in attempting to redress the injustices of the Apartheid system. Since its inception in 1929, the Independent Schools Association of Southern Africa (ISASA) has envisioned a value-based and quality education for all learners, irrespective of race, creed or culture. Thus, the media exposure in 2020, which revealed the prevalence of racist practices in approximately 26 prominent independent schools in South Africa was startling, as these discriminatory acts contradicted the vision of ISASA. One such school, which came into the spotlight was Excel College* (pseudonym), an independent school in Gauteng Province, South Africa. In response to the accusations, the school management launched an immediate investigation to address the allegations of racial discrimination against its students of colour. A whole-school Racial Intervention Programme (referred to as RDI – Respect, Diversity and Inclusivity) was designed and implemented early in 2021. This qualitative study, which comprised eight student leaders, sought to investigate how these student leaders experienced the intervention programme. The study sought to explore student leaders’ perceptions of the rationale behind the implementation of the Racial Intervention Programme (RIP), and of the racial climate in their school, and how they felt about the allegations of racism levelled against their school. The study further sought to investigate the extent to which student leaders felt their experience of the RIP had sensitised them to the need to promote racial inclusivity in their school. Data for the study were collected by conducting individual, online semi-structured interviews, using participants’ diaries, and holding a Focus Group session. The study drew on the tenets of the Critical Race Theory (De La Garza & Ono, 2016; Delgado & Stefançic, 2000; Dixon & Rousseau, 2006; Gillborn, 2015) and Paulo Freire’s conception of Critical Consciousness (1970). Proponents of the Critical Race Theory argue that race is neither a naturally nor biologically grounded feature of human beings; but rather, a socially constructed and culturally invented category that is used to oppress and exploit people of colour. Freire’s Critical Consciousness involves identifying contradictions in the experiences of others, through dialogue to contribute to change. The study confirmed that there were allegations of racism at the school, and that many of the students had been victims of – or had witnessed – an act of racial discrimination. Despite overwhelming support for RIP, the initiative was criticised for moving slowly, being teacher-centric and syllabus-driven; and that initially, it did not appreciate students’ contribution. However, during the seven weeks of the programme (which this study reports on), participants reported grasping the purpose of the programme – which was to encourage courageous conversations about inclusion, exclusion, racism and diversity.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Racel discrimination"

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Neumark, David, et Wendy Stock. The Effects of Race and Sex Discrimination Laws. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, avril 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8215.

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Buraschi, Daniel, Natalia Oldano et Dirk Godenau. How do migrants in Tenerife experience discrimination ? Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2022.02.

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The Tenerife Immigration Observatory has conducted a study that shows that discrimination is a common experience for many migrants living in Tenerife. The discrimination they experience varies based on the continent of origin, with the population of African origin expressing the highest levels of discrimination. Other important variables that correlate with origin are race, religion, and social class. The population that identifies as Arab or black/African, the Muslim population, and lower-class individuals are those who report the highest rates of discrimination.
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Hartley, Curtis, et Allyson Kelley. Lessons in Critical Race Theory. Allyson Kelley & Associates PLLC, avril 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62689/hgzcul.

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Racism and discrimination are the root causes of health disparities in our world. Most schools of public health fail to address these issues. Critical Race Theory (CRT) is a viable framework for exploring how racial bias is reinforced at various levels in our society and how privilege differs based on race. Health promotion pedagogy informed by CRT and social justice can be an opportunity to explore relationships, social cohesion, and promote health equity. This paper describes and explores how an undergraduate/graduate public health instructor and students at the University of North Carolina Greensboro presented materials and speakers that influenced how students perceived racism and discrimination as a public health problem. Students learned about perspective, privilege, and positionality during guest interviews throughout the class. Excerpts of student essays presented in this paper demonstrate how college health courses like this one can transform, change, heal, and connect students with a world that dismantles racism and promotes health equity and justice for all. Teaching public health and social justice requires a different teaching approach and unique content developed in an authentic way from individuals with lived experience of social justice issues. Elevating CRT as a framework and giving voice to the historically minoritized and marginalized must be the goal of transformative pedagogy in health promotion. Now is the time.
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Campbell, Eryn, Jeffrey Czajkowski, Stacey Mitchell, Connie Roland, Eric Nordman et Paul Tetrault. Milestones in racial discrimination within the insurance sector. Center for Insurance Policy and Research, août 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.52227/21221.2020.

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Created as a supplement for the NAIC's online Summer National Meeting's Special Session on Race & Insurance (Aug. 2020), this document provides an overview and historical context on issues of racial and discriminatory practices in insurance. Also incuded are references and resources for the reader's further review and research.
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McGinnity, Frances, Emma Quinn, Evie McCullough, Shannen Enright et Sarah Curristan. Measures to combat racial discrimination and promote diversity in the labour market : a review of evidence. ESRI, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat110.

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Racial discrimination in this report is understood to mean ‘any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin’ (ICERD, Article 1). Discrimination is distinct from racial prejudice (an attitude) and stereotypes (beliefs). Discrimination can be damaging to both individuals’ life chances and their wellbeing, as well as to society (OECD, 2013; Fibbi et al., 2021). Yet discrimination is difficult to measure accurately. It is also challenging to devise measures to combat discriminatory behaviour and promote diversity. This report reviews international literature on racial discrimination in the labour market and the effectiveness of measures to combat it. The aim is to distil the evidence into a short report to inform measures addressing discrimination in the labour market, including the current development of the National Action Plan Against Racism. The focus is on specific measures that can be implemented now to address current racial discrimination in the labour market.
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Krueger, Alan, Jesse Rothstein et Sarah Turner. Race, Income, and College in 25 Years : The Continuing Legacy of Segregation and Discrimination. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, juin 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11445.

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Riedel, Robert G., et II. Does Reported Discrimination in the Military Impact Organizational Factors Differently for Gender, Race, and Rank. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, janvier 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada359177.

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Maluwa, Miriam, Peter Aggleton et Richard Parker. Stigma, Discrimination, and HIV/AIDS in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, février 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008925.

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This paper focuses on a rather unexplored dimension to date of the HIV/AIDS epidemic: the resulting stigma and discrimination and its impact on the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS programs. It presents a conceptual framework that explains the interplay between stigma, discrimination and human rights. The study also provides guidelines for developing programmatic activities that situate HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination within the broader social context where a variety of stigmas related to class, race, gender and ethnicity exist. Thus, the framework and the paper can be useful both to those fighting the spread of HIV/AIDS as well as to those fighting exclusion in other social contexts. This paper was prepared as a background document for a seminar entitled HIV/AIDS and Development: Challenges and Responses in Latin America and the Caribbean held at the Annual Meeting of the Boards of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank and Inter-American Investment Corporation in March 2002.
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Elías, Julio, Lucas Ronconi et Víctor Elías. Discrimination and Social Networks : Popularity among High School Students in Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, août 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011263.

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The objective of this paper is to better understand peer popularity during adolescence and detect discrimination. The paper subsequently explores how student's characteristics affect their popularity. It is found that physically attractive students and with high academic performance are highly ranked by their peers, but the former effect is only significant in mixed schools, suggesting that is primarily driven by mating. Other traits, such as skin color, nationality and parental socioeconomic background do not affect peer popularity, although ethnic origin and parental education are statistically significant in some specifications. The findings are informative about discrimination in the school system. In particular, it appears that the unequal treatment based on race, wealth and nationality found in other social environments in Argentina is not observed among adolescents attending school.
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Lahey, Joanna, et Douglas Oxley. Discrimination at the Intersection of Age, Race, and Gender : Evidence from a Lab-in-the-field Experiment. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, décembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25357.

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