Bibliographies thématiques / Questione regionale

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Questione regionale »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Questione regionale"

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Bruzzo, Aurelio. « L'intervento pubblico a livello regionale : suo failure e nuova formulazione ? » ARGOMENTI, no 30 (mars 2011) : 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/arg2010-030005.

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Nel presente lavoro si affrontano nuovamente i temi, strettamente legati tra loro, dell'attivitŕ di programmazione e della politica per le PMI svolte dalle Regioni, al fine di illustrare i principali aspetti evolutivi evidenziati durante l'ultimo decennio, cercando di coglierne, da un lato, le principali cause di fondo e, dall'altro, le piů rilevanti implicazioni che ne derivano per il difficile periodo attualmente in corso. In tal modo, si cercherŕ di discutere circa la complessa questione se č necessario o meno che si debba ripensare l'intervento pubblico a livello regionale.
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Staiano, Sandro. « LA FRATTURA NORD-SUD. L’ASIMMETRIA TERRITORIALE COME QUESTIONE DEMOCRATICA ». Il Politico 251, no 2 (3 mars 2020) : 268–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ilpolitico.2019.249.

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Lo schema analitico delle fratture elaborato da Stein Rokkan e Seymour M. Lipset può essere utilmente applicato alla "questione meridionale", in quanto riguarda la doppia dimensione del processo politico, caratterizzato da conflitti culturale-territoriali ed economicofunzionali Passando da queste opzioni metodologiche, per quanto riguarda il "Mezzogiorno", è importante notare che le premesse costitutive prevedevano il superamento della frattura all'interno dei processi di democratizzazione dell'ordinamento giuridico guidati dai partiti politici e basati, in larga misura, sulla regionalizzazione; il ritardo nell'attuazione delle Regioni, tuttavia, ha portato immediatamente al carattere centralizzato e tecnocratico delle grandi riforme volte a incidere sulla condizione meridionale: la riforma agraria e l'intervento straordinario attraverso la "Cassa per il Mezzogiorno". E, una volta costituite, le Regioni non sono più quelle auspicate dall'assemblea costituente: da enti legislativi e pianificatori, diventano minuscoli organi amministrativi affollati di dipendenti, in sistemi ipertrofici. Diventano quindi il veicolo di infiltrazione dei partiti politici - lontani dall'idea costituzionale - che pervadono le agenzie che avrebbero dovuto occuparsi della frattura Nord-Sud. Le politiche - dopo un primo successo - si degradano e falliscono. Ma l'asimmetria territoriale rimane la questione principale. Senza risolverla, l'Italia sarà sempre meno adeguata ad affrontare la concorrenza nella dimensione europea e internazionale: al "ritardo" del "Mezzogiorno" si aggiunge ora quello dell'intero Paese. Per questo motivo, i nuovi impulsi per una "separazione del Nord", nell'illusione di creare piccole patrie economiche su scala regionale, sono particolarmente rischiosi.
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Keramidas, Dimitrios. « ORTODOSSI E CATTOLICI IN DIALOGO ». PARALELLUS Revista de Estudos de Religião - UNICAP 13, no 33 (30 décembre 2022) : 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.25247/paralellus.2022.v13n33.p389-400.

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Il rapporto tra primato e sinodalità è oggi il tema principale del dialogo ortodosso-cattolico. Lo stesso Papa Francesco ha affermato che i cattolici hanno molto da imparare dalla tradizione sinodale della Chiesa ortodossa. La questione è stata studiata a Chieti, in Italia, nel 2016, dalla Commissione internazionale mista per il dialogo teologico tra la Chiesa cattolica e la Chiesa ortodossa. Il documento emesso riconosceva che il primato e la sinodalità sono due espressioni essenziali e interrelate dell'unità e del governo della Chiesa a livello locale, regionale e universale. Tenendo presente che la comprensione delle prerogative del Vescovo di Roma è stata storicamente un problema nelle relazioni tra Oriente e Occidente, questo articolo cerca di considerare se nella Chiesa universale vi sia la necessità di un primato e come questo debba essere esercitato.
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Gaietta, Michele. « La dorsale nucleare iraniana ». STORIA URBANA, no 131 (novembre 2011) : 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/su2011-131005.

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In questi ultimi dieci anni, il programma nucleare iraniano ha assunto una valenza cruciale per la definizione dei rapporti tra la Repubblica islamica dell'Iran e una parte rilevante della comunitŕ internazionale. Nonostante sia necessario valutare quanto le ambizioni nucleari di questo paese possano ulteriormente influenzare gli equilibri politico- strategici regionali, č altrettanto significativo analizzare come, storicamente, questo quadro regionale abbia inciso sulle decisioni assunte dall'Iran - monarchico e rivoluzionario - rispetto alle tempistiche di costruzione e al posizionamento territoriale dei propri siti nucleari. Puň essere quindi tracciata una "dorsale" Teheran-Esfahan-Bushehr che mette in relazione i principali siti nucleari iraniani attualmente in funzione, snodandosi sul corridoio strategico che dal Mar Caspio lambisce le acque del Golfo Persico. Questa "dorsale" include l'impianto di arricchimento di Natanz, principale oggetto della contesa con la comunitŕ internazionale, che dista pochi chilometri dal punto d'incontro delle direttrici che collegano Bagdad con Herat (e Kabul), Kuwait City con Ashgabat, il confine turco-armeno a nord-est con quello pakistano a sud-ovest. La centralitŕ politica assunta dal programma nucleare per l'Iran si traduce quindi in una "centralitŕ territoriale", a riprova del profondo radicamento tra questa questione e la concezione strategica dell'intero paese.
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Strambi, Giuliana. « Il recupero delle terre incolte e abbandonate. La “nuova stagione” legislativa italiana fra obiettivi ambientali e promozione dell’accesso alla terra da parte dei giovani ». Przegląd Prawa Rolnego, no 1(22) (1 juin 2018) : 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ppr.2018.22.1.13.

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Il recupero delle terre incolte e abbandonate in Italia ha vissuto diverse stagioni a partire dal primo dopoguerra, con esiti non sempre soddisfacenti. Il presente scritto mira ad evidenziare i motivi della recente rinascita dell’interesse per la questione da parte delle Regioni, le quali sono tornate a disciplinare l’istituto dell’assegnazione delle terre incolte e abbandonate nel nuovo contesto della disciplina delle cosiddette “banche della terra”. Sulla scia dell’intervento regionale, che presenta dichiarate finalità ambientali, si è mosso anche il legislatore statale, con la creazione di “banche della terra” che mirano ad offrire opportunità di accesso alla terra ai giovani, soprattutto nelle aree del sud Italia, anche per arginare il problema della senilizzazione del settore agricolo. L’articolo, oltre ad analizzare le diverse discipline, inquadrandole anche nel contesto delle politiche europee per l’uso razionale delle risorse naturali e per lo sviluppo delle aree rurali marginali, ne evidenzierà le criticità.
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Della Volpe, A., A. De Lucia, V. Pastore, L. Bracci Laudiero, I. Buonissimo et G. Ricci. « Il follow up del bambino con ipoacusia permanente ». Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 36, no 1 (février 2016) : 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100x-1078.

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I programmi di identificazione precoce delle ipoacusie infantili permette di intraprendere rapidamente l’iter riabilitativo e protesico appropriato; nonostante ciò appare ancora elevato il numero di pazienti che non aderiscono al programma terapeutico. L’obiettivo di questo articolo è presentare i risultati di un’analisi strategica che prende in considerazione i punti di forza, i punti di debolezza, le opportunità e i rischi del processo di follow up audiologico/protesico/linguistico di bambini affetti da ipoacusia bilaterale permanente. Il follow up in questione, coinvolgendo bambini piccoli, implica il coinvolgimento di professionisti specializzati e inseriti in un team multidisciplinare e una gestione plurisettoriale complessa e prolungata. Nell’ambito del progetto finanziato dal Ministero della Salute Italiano CCM 2013 denominato “Programma regionale di identificazione, intervento e presa in carico precoci per la prevenzione dei disturbi comunicativi nei bambini con deficit uditivo” lo scopo di quest’analisi è stata quella di offrire delle raccomandazioni per armonizzare i criteri di valutazione dei risultati terapeutici e trarre spunto da questi per successivamente fornire delle linee guida riguardanti le metodiche più adeguate nella valutazione del bambino con ipoacusia permanente.
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Nepi, Leonardo. « L’educazione sessuale nelle scuole : analisi critica sul piano etico e giuridico di alcune proposte dell’OMS / Scholar sex education : critical analysis of some WHO’s proposals from an ethical and legal point of view ». Medicina e Morale 66, no 1 (15 mars 2017) : 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2017.477.

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Si va consolidando il consenso sull’importanza dell’educazione sessuale rivolta a giovani e fanciulli, anche attraverso la previsione di specifici programmi educativi nelle scuole, ma il dibattito sui contenuti dell’educazione sessuale stessa rimane acceso. Si confrontano infatti diverse impostazioni, fondate su diverse concezioni della sessualità. Affrontando il tema da una prospettiva etico-giuridica, di particolare interesse risulta l’analisi del documento proposto dall’Ufficio regionale per l’Europa dell’OMS (Standard per l’educazione sessuale in Europa), che nell’affrontare la questione fa riferimento a controverse categorie, che meritano un adeguato approfondimento. Questo contributo intende allora evidenziare l’equivocità di alcuni concetti (salute sessuale e riproduttiva, diritti sessuali e riproduttivi, violenza di genere) utilizzati nel documento dell’OMS, per mettere in luce le implicazioni che un’adesione acritica a queste proposte comporterebbe. ---------- There is growing consensus on the importance of sexuality education, also through the provision of specific programs in schools aimed at young people and children, but the debate on it is still in progress, because of different educational settings based on diverse concepts of sexuality. Addressing the issue from an ethical and legal perspective, particularly interesting is the analysis of the document proposed by the WHO Regional Office for Europe (Standards for Sexuality Education in Europe), for its reliance on controversial models, which deserves thorough examination. This paper will highlight the ambiguity of some concepts (sexual and reproductive health, sexual and reproductive rights, gender based violence) used in the WHO document, in order to emphasize the implications of an uncritical adherence to these proposals.
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Fioretti, Fabrizio. « Il termine "mafia" ». Tabula : periodicus Facultatis philosophicae Polensis ; rivista della Facoltà di lettere e filosofia ; Journal od the Faculty of Humanities No. 9 (2011) : 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/tab.09.2011.4.

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Data la confusione venutasi a creare nel corso della storia passata e recente, si propone uno studio incentrato sulla questione relativa al termine "mafia". Contrariamente a quanto si potrebbe immaginare, "mafia" oggi è un termine polisemico che non significa solo criminalità organizzata o stragi ma anche lealtà, giustizia, coraggio, potere, intrigo. Compito di questo breve saggio è di capire quali sono gli eventi che hanno contribuito a fare di "mafia" un termine polisemico. In questo senso, dopo una prima parte introduttiva volta a chiarire l’introduzione di questo termine nel vocabolario italiano, sono stati individuati tre principali punti di svolta. Il primo riguarda la delicata situazione politica italiana di fine Ottocento quando il termine, trovatosi in mezzo alle dispute politiche e culturali tra meridione e settentrione, si fece carico di numerosi significati e interpretazioni, che ne alterarono irrimediabilmente sia l’uso sia la funzione. Il secondo riguarda l’introduzione del concetto di "Cosa Nostra", che trasformò il termine in una sorta di sinonimo universale di criminalità organizzata senza nessun tipo di differenziazione concettuale o regionale. Il terzo riguarda l’utilizzo del termine nel ramo cinematografico, televisivo e di conseguenza in quello pubblicitario e virtuale che sta portando il termine verso significati sempre più lontani da quello originario.
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Fusaro, Carlo. « Elezioni primarie : prime esperienze e profili costituzionali ». Quaderni dell'Osservatorio elettorale QOE - IJES 55, no 1 (30 juin 2006) : 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/qoe-12709.

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In questo intervento, (i) partendo dalle già richiamate esperienze come illustrate dal punto di vista del sociologo della politica (tutte realizzatesi nel corso del 2005), e (ii) avendo come oggetto la regolazione legislativa del fenomeno (quella pionieristica resa possibile dalla competenza regionale in materia elettorale ex art. 122 Cost.; nonché quella che si potrebbe voler introdurre nei ben più ampi e rilevanti ambiti di competenza del legge dello Stato), mi propongo di esaminare nell’ordine:– i nessi fra elezioni primarie, presentazione delle candidature, ruolo dei partiti e disciplina del loro ordinamento interno;– i vincoli e/o gli indirizzi che si possono trarre dalla Costituzione e dalla giurisprudenza costituzionale;– il contesto, per come esso mi appare, all’interno del quale la questione oggi si pone;– alcuni problemi relativi alla disciplina delle primarie private (o di partito);– alcuni problemi relativi alla disciplina delle primarie pubbliche per trarne, infine, – alcune provvisorie indicazioni sull’atteggiamento che potrebbe (e magari a mio avviso dovrebbe) assumere l’ordinamento al riguardo. A questo riguardo desidero subito anticipare le mie conclusioni: in nessun caso si può pensare, nel contesto attuale, di fare a meno delle primarie private; nulla impedisce di disciplinare legislativamente forme di primarie pubbliche, che, comunque, non possono tuttavia coprire per intero i fenomeni che ci interessano; il legislatore deve valutare (a) l’opportunità di istituire le seconde e, contestualmente, (b) l’opportunità di incentivare e in qualche modo garantire le prime oppure ancora (c) l’opportunità di lasciarle nel solo ambito dell’autonomia dei privati.
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Šindlářová, J. « Questions concerning the regional identity ». Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 6 (29 février 2012) : 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5315-agricecon.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Questione regionale"

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Butt, Ayesha W. « The Question of Ijtihad ». Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/99519.

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Religion
M.A.
The question of whether the door of ijtihad is open, closed, or ever did close, has been around for centuries. The answer to this question is crucial for our times. The research will present a chronological overview of the historical development of the concept of ijtihad, how it developed, became limited in certain circles, and if it ever ceased to be practiced. It can be concluded from the research that the doors of ijtihad were never closed, but were limited to a particular type of educational training. Those who completed this training proceeded on to become jurists. Those who could not, were requested to follow their leaders or engage in "taqlid." This study will show that this question arose from a power struggle between modernists and traditionalists regarding who had the power to interpret and make rulings for the Muslim community. It will further show how traditionalists are trying to maintain their power in order to preserve traditional Islam and how the modernists are trying to solve contemporary problems by opening the doors to interpretation for those who are not classically trained.
Temple University--Theses
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DeJong, Laura S. « Post unified Korean foreign policy options : regional implications ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02sep%5FDeJong.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Edward A. Olsen, H. Lyman Miller. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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TJIPTOHARTONO, SUHARSONO. « La question du kampuchea impact regional et perspectives de reglement ». Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA111002.

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Liee a la rivalite des grandes puissances communistes dans la region, la question du kampuchea demeure une source potentielle de l'instabilite en asie du sud-est. Avec le soutien resolu de l'union sovietique et la puissance militaire redoutable du vietnam, une solution militaire par les troupes expediteurs risquerait le debordement du conflit. Les pays de l'ansea devraient donc jouer un role de catalyseur pour la reconciliation regionale et pour detacher la dependance du vietnam aux puissances exterieures en conflit. Toutefois, le "phenomene chinois", suscite par la politique chinoise de washington basee principalement sur le principe rigide du consensus strategique anti-sovietique, accentue par l'attrait economique que represent les efforts de modernisation de la chine, gene les efforts de ces pays visant a persuader les dirigeants du vietnam d'entamer les negociations serieuses pour envisager le retrait de leurs troupes du kampuchea contribuant a la reconciliation nationale du peuple kampucheen
Unseparated from the rivalry of the communists great powers in the region, the question of kampuchea rests to be a potential source of instability in southeast asia. With the firm support from the soviet union and with the vietnam's formidable military strength eventual military solution by expeditionary force would be risking of a wider conflict. The asean countries should play a role of catalyst for regional reconciliation and to loose the vietnam's dependence on the external powers in conflict. However, the "china factor", raised by washington's china policy based principally on anti-soviet strategic consensus, forged by the economic appeal of the chinese modernization, obstructs these countries efforts in persuading the vietnamese leaders to engage in serious negociations for the eventual retreat of their forces from kampuchea so as to permit the national reconcilitaion of the people of kampuchea
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Sharp, April D. « Question of the Butterflies ». Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1619005989453279.

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Hellström, Johanna, et Johanna Thelin. « Politiker, tjänstemän & ; vargen -Politisering och roller i viltförvaltningsdelegationer på regional nivå ». Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-90157.

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Predator policy is a controversial area that includes problems with hunting and handling of wild animals. This is the reason why the government decentralized some of the work to the regions in 1998. During 2008, the Swedish government produced a proposal regarding the conduct of wildlife management delegations. The purpose of this essay is to study the relationship between politicians and officials in the wildlife management delegation with a specific focus on a polarized issue, the wolf question. We do this by studying roles and politicization. Based on the purpose, the following questions have been formulated: What is the role of officials and politicians in wildlife management delegations? How are these roles affected by how politicized the wolf issue is in the region? These delegations include politicians and officials. Based on the theory of the dichotomy between politicians and officials, politicians have a stance and biased role, while officials have a role that is about being impartial and working on the basis of the regulations. This essay consists of a comparative case essay with a content analysis and thematic analysis as a method. The material used has been collected through semi-structured interviews and printed material. This essay shows that the politicization of the wolf question to some extent affects the representatives in the wildlife management delegation.
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Al, Theidi Ahmad. « Al-Jazeera satellite channel : from regional to global : a question of objectivity and news flow ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273177.

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Weiss, Philipp. « Simple Question, Complex Answer : Pathways Towards a 50% Decrease in Building Energy Use ». Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217191.

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Addressing building energy use is a pressing issue for building sector decisionmakers across Europe. In Sweden, some regions have adopted a target of reducingenergy use in buildings by 50% until 2050. However, building codes currently donot support as ambitious objectives as these, and novel approaches to addressingenergy use in buildings from a regional perspective are called for. The purpose ofthis licentiate thesis was to provide a deeper understanding of most relevant issueswith regard to energy use in buildings from a broad perspective and to suggestpathways towards reaching the long-term savings objective. Current trends inbuilding sector structure and energy use point to detached houses constructed before1981 playing a key role in the energy transition, especially in the rural areas ofSweden. In the Swedish county of Dalarna, which was used as a study area in thisthesis, these houses account for almost 70% of the residential heating demand.Building energy simulations of eight sample houses from county show that there isconsiderable techno-economic potential for energy savings in these houses, but notquite enough to reach the 50% savings objective. Two case studies from ruralSweden show that savings well beyond 50% are achievable, both when access tocapital and use of high technology are granted and when they are not. However, on abroader scale both direct and indirect rebound effects will have to be expected,which calls for more refined approaches to energy savings. Furthermore, researchhas shown that the techno-economic potential is in fact never realised, not even inthe most well-designed intervention programmes, due to the inherent complexity ofhuman behaviour with respect to energy use. This is not taken account of in neithercurrent nor previous Swedish energy use legislation. Therefore an approach thatconsiders the technical prerequisites, economic aspects and the perspective of themany home owners, based on Community-Based Social Marketing methodology, issuggested as a way forward towards reaching the energy savings target.
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Bezerra, Rogério Silva. « A Configuração Espacial do MST no Nordeste : a influência do espaço regional no desenvolvimento do movimento ». Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5784.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:16:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2555321 bytes, checksum: a880be8bb20cc9ddf44f40071355ff43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-30
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The present work defines and analyzes the spatial configuration of the Landless Workers Movement (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra - MST) in the Northeast in the year of 2007. It seeks to understand the existing relation between the MST and the development capitalist in Brazil and in the region. It maintains that the distribution/spatial organization of the MST in the Northeast is a reflection of the broader movement of social reproduction own way determined by taking the capitalist accumulation in Brazil.. Following the method of political economy, the MST is interpreted as a political representation of the conflict between social classes forged in the midst of the development process of national capitalism. The movement of social reproduction materialized spatial forms of social relations representative in each period and place. The settlements are taken as spatial forms that represent a moment of the process of social reproduction. But its configuration space, a concept that in this work allows geographically captures the social reality, no more than the appearance of the process of social reproduction. We must overcome such appearance falling within the relationships and social conflict implied therein. The spatial configuration of the MST in the Northeast has the main feature of the merger that is spots close to achieving activity centers of agricultural capitalist in the Northeast. It is understood that the MST is a political expression of the class of expropriated. This social group is analyzed in political economy from the strength-of-class work. In a capitalist society is the capital who commands the force-of-work. Brazilian social formation in the manner specified taking the capitalist accumulation brought the formation of an army of marginal strength-of-work that can not be absorbed by the capitalist circuit. The very process of capitalist accumulation that leverage the existence of such an army. The import of technology and capital goods needed for the acceleration of industrialization, provoked a rising in the organic composition of capital and reduced the amount of labor employed. This mechanism formatted a labor market that focuses on population centers of capitalist accumulation. The strength-of-work not consumed in the production process that occurs in such clusters is the social basis on which it raises the political expression of the MST. The spatial configuration of the MST in Northeast follows, therefore, the distribution of agricultural capitalist activity in the region.
O presente trabalho define e analisa a configuração espacial do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) no Nordeste no ano de 2007. Busca compreender a relação existente entre o MST e o desenvolvimento capitalista no Brasil e na região. Sustenta que a distribuição/organização espacial do MST no Nordeste é um reflexo do movimento mais geral de reprodução social determinado pela maneira própria que toma a acumulação capitalista no Brasil. Seguindo o método da economia política, o MST é interpretado como uma representação política do conflito entre classes sociais forjadas no bojo do processo de desenvolvimento do capitalismo nacional. O movimento de reprodução social materializa formas espaciais representante das relações sociais existentes em cada período e lugar. Os assentamentos são tomados como formas espaciais que representam um momento do processo de reprodução social. Mas a sua configuração espacial, conceito que no presente trabalho permite capturar geograficamente a realidade social, não representa mais do que a aparência do processo de reprodução social. É preciso superar tal aparência relevando as relações e o conflito social nela implícito. A configuração espacial do MST no Nordeste tem como principal característica as manchas de concentração que se aproximam dos pólos de realização da atividade agrícola capitalista no Nordeste. Entende-se que o MST é uma expressão política da classe dos expropriados. Esse grupo social é analisado na economia política a partir da categoria força-de-trabalho. Em uma sociedade capitalista é o capital que comanda a força-de-trabalho. Na formação social brasileira a maneira especifica que toma a acumulação capitalista engendrou a formação de um exército marginal de forçade- trabalho que não consegue ser absorvido pelo circuito capitalista. É o próprio processo de acumulação capitalista que alavanca a existência desse exército. A importação de tecnologia e bens de capital necessária à aceleração da industrialização, provocou a elevação da composição orgânica do capital e reduziu a quantidade de mãode- obra empregada. Esse mecanismo formatou um mercado de trabalho que concentra população nos pólos de acumulação capitalista. A força-de-trabalho não consumida nos processo de produção que ocorrem em tais pólos é a base social sobre a qual se levanta a expressão política do MST. A configuração espacial do MST no Nordeste segue, por isso, a distribuição da atividade agrícola capitalista na região.
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NDERY, NIANG. « L'irrigation en question : problemes socio-economiques de developpement rural et regional, les implications du barrage de diama et les amenagements hydro-agricoles sur la vallee du fleuve senegal ». Grenoble 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE21056.

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Ce travail a pour origine un triple constat: - la plupart des etudes consacrees a la mauritanie s'interessent en priorite au secteur minier; - l'agriculture, concentree pour l'essentiel dans le sud du pays, a ete totalement laissee pour compte, et semble etre consideree comme un secteur independant du reste de l'economie nationale. - les annees successives de secheresse des annees 1970, mettant en evidence la fragilite de ce secteur, ont permis a celui-ci de beneficier d'une relative atten- tion. La problematique abordee est alors comment sortir l'agriculture de son marasme en developpant l'irrigation afin de permettre une meilleure couverture des besoins d'une population largement eprouvee. Cependant l'irrigation comme solution n'est pas sans soulever des questions auxquelles cette these tente de donner des elements de reponse. La demarche est simple: methode comparative entre les options en matiere de developpement agricole de l'o. M. V. S. Et les realisations effectives du moment. Les conclusions auxquelles aboutit ce travail peuvent se resumer en ces points: - la situation de l'agriculture, anterieure a l'introduction de l'irrigation est la consequence d'une absence totale d'une veritable politique agricole; - l'irrigation comme solution ne semble pas correspondre dans la pratique aux espoirs des populations. - avec la construction des grands ouvrages et la predominance des grands amenagements hydro-agricoles necessitant d'importants moyens financiers et une imposante meca- nisation semblent plutot, dans la situation actuelle aller dans le sens d'un renfor cement de la dependance des pays riverains et d'une plus grande integration dans la division internationale du travail
This work has been inspired by three facts: - most of the research work on mauritania deals mainly with the mining sector. - the agricultural sector, mainly centred in the south of the country, has been reglected, and seems to be considered as an independant sector from the rest of the economy. - the consecutif droughts of the 1970 revealed the fragile nature of this sector, which lated led the authorities to pay more attention to it. The question, then, is how to get the sector out of stagnation by developing irrigation in order to satisfy the needs of a stricken population. However, irrigation as a solution to the problem raise questions (doubts) that this thesis would attempt to answer. The approach adopted is simple: a confrontation of policy objectifs concerning agricultural development in the o. M. V. S. Programme with the results obtained. Our conclusions are sommarized by the following points: - the absence of a coherent agricultural policy, prior to the introduction of irrigation, explains the situation prevailing in the agriculture. - the irrigation programme does not appear as a solution to the expectations of the population. - in the present situation, it appears that the large amounts financial ressources spent to build the hydraulic complex, with immense mecanisation that goes with it, only helps to increase the dependency of countries bordering the river and a forther integration into the international division of labour
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Faivre, Pierre-Marie. « Le traitement des questions de sécurité dans la région sahélo-saharienne : étude des approches malienne, nigérienne et burkinabè ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB171.

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La récurrence des crises politiques et sécuritaires dans la région sahélo-saharienne continue de mettre en lumière les multiples facteurs d'instabilité qui la touchent. Plaçant l'État au centre de notre réflexion, nous verrons que, si ces fragilités peuvent être le fruit de facteurs exogènes, elles constituent surtout le résultat de décisions endogènes. Partant de ce constat, cette étude analysera les politiques mises en place par les autorités du Burkina Faso, du Mali et du Niger, le cadre régional dans lequel elles s'inscrivent et les interdépendances qu'elles contractent. Face à la faiblesse de ces pays, la solution d'une approche régionale a été plébiscitée mais son efficacité se heurte à la défense des intérêts particuliers des États et de leurs gouvernants
The repetition of political and security crisis in the Sahel region highlights the multiplicity of factors of instability. The State being at the center of our study, we will observe that, despite exogenous threats, its fragility is mostly the result of endogenous decisions. This said, our work will analyze policies implemented by the authorities of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, the regional frame in which they place themselves and the mutual dependence they contracted. To counter the weakness of these countries, the regional approach has benne praised. Its effectiveness must, however, face the defense of rulers' and States' particular interests
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Livres sur le sujet "Questione regionale"

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Brancati, Raffaele. La questione regionale : Federalismo, mezzogiorno e politica economica. Roma : Donzelli, 1995.

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Giannotti, Paolo. La questione marchigiana, 1884-1906 : Nascita di una identità regionale : testi e documenti. Urbino : QuattroVenti, 1989.

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Gupta, Rajesh, et Dilip Patel. Multiple Choice Questions in Regional Anaesthesia. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23608-3.

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Gupta, Rajesh, et Dilip Patel. Multiple Choice Questions in Regional Anaesthesia. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31257-1.

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L'Harpe, Alain de. L'espace Mont-Blanc en question. Paris, France : L'Harmattan, 2005.

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Aprile, Pino. Mai più terroni : La fine della questione meridionale. Milano : Piemme, 2012.

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La rotazione di Norfolk e la questione meridionale. Napoli : Guida, 2010.

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editor, Zayn al-ʻĀbidīn al-Ṭayyib, et Codesria, dir. Post-referendum Sudan : National and regional questions. Dakar : CODESRIA, Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, 2014.

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editor, Zayn al-ʻĀbidīn al-Ṭayyib, et Codesria, dir. Post-referendum Sudan : National and regional questions. Dakar : CODESRIA, Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, 2014.

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(Achille), Flora A., dir. Chi ha cancellato la questione meridionale ? Soveria Mannelli : Rubbettino, 2015.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Questione regionale"

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Cheng, Hwee Ming. « Regional Local Flow Regulation ». Dans Physiology Question-Based Learning, 39–47. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12790-3_5.

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Schroeder, Carrie. « Loco-Regional Anesthesia ». Dans Questions and Answers in Small Animal Anesthesia, 173–84. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118912997.ch23.

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Gupta, Rajesh, et Dilip Patel. « Equipment for Regional Anaesthesia ». Dans Multiple Choice Questions in Regional Anaesthesia, 121–26. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23608-3_5.

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Gupta, Rajesh, et Dilip Patel. « Regional Anaesthesia in Paediatrics ». Dans Multiple Choice Questions in Regional Anaesthesia, 195–215. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31257-1_10.

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Gupta, Rajesh, et Dilip Patel. « Regional Anaesthesia in Obstetrics ». Dans Multiple Choice Questions in Regional Anaesthesia, 173–94. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31257-1_9.

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Stoll, Peter-Tobias. « Mega-Regionals : Challenges, Opportunities and Research Questions ». Dans Mega-Regional Trade Agreements, 3–24. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56663-4_1.

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Damtie, Baylie, Emily Boersma et Krystyna Stave. « Introduction : Regional Challenges and Policy Questions ». Dans AESS Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies and Sciences Series, 3–8. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45755-0_1.

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Gupta, Rajesh, et Dilip Patel. « Anatomy and Physiology of Acute Pain ». Dans Multiple Choice Questions in Regional Anaesthesia, 1–10. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23608-3_1.

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Gupta, Rajesh, et Dilip Patel. « Head and Neck ». Dans Multiple Choice Questions in Regional Anaesthesia, 213–23. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23608-3_10.

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Gupta, Rajesh, et Dilip Patel. « Neuraxial Blocks ». Dans Multiple Choice Questions in Regional Anaesthesia, 225–76. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23608-3_11.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Questione regionale"

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Post, Margje. « Spoken corpora of spontaneous speech as a source to study polar question intonation in Russian dialects ». Dans Dialogue. RSUH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2022-21-477-487.

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The emergence of several online spoken corpora of Russian regional speech opens new possibilities for the study of regional Russian intonation. The Russian dialect corpora of the Linguistic Convergence Laboratory [32; 1–10] were used to study the intonation of polar (yes/no) questions in regional rural speech. Although using spontaneous speech to study intonation is a challenge, the corpora are large enough to show general tendencies. The typical risingfalling pitch accent of most polar questions in Central Standard Russian is predominant in the regional corpora as well, but with possible variation in phonetic implementation and in the association of the fall. This accent is the most common even in the majority of question utterances with lowered questionhood, and dominates even in the regions known for rising accents in questions. The corpora show that tag questions are frequent in these interview data, unlike the question particles li, ti and či. Not only the dialectal particles ti and či, but also the Standard Russian question particle li shows a varying regional distribution.
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Shemetev, Aleksandr, Marek Feurich et Helena Mitwallyová. « Regional disparities in Covid and mobility in the Czech Republic (with patterns for employment) ». Dans XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno : Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-25.

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The research question is if an increase in pandemics corresponds with significant changes in mobility (supported by the public stay-at-home orders and willing decrease of movements) by the spheres of economic activities (parks (leisure time spending), grocery stores, workplaces, pharmacies, transportation stations, retail, recreation, and home) in the Czech Republic. The additional research question is if this pattern correlates with a high decrease in salaries and employment. This paper aims to answer these research questions. This research applies the graphical analysis and fixed-effects regression methods for high-frequency data for answering these questions. The main result is that an increase in the number of infected people significantly decreases human mobility and increases their visits to pharmacies and staying at homes. At the same time, the government support measures can be effective, because there is no huge drop in salaries and employment in the Czech Regions. This pattern contradicts the expectations based on the US patterns. The output of the regression analysis is that 2-5 thousand new infections a day can paralyze mobility in the entire region.
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Cedroni, Anna Rita. « Roadmap per una citta sostenibile : Vienna ». Dans International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma : Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7915.

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Al di là di più di duemila anni di tradizione storica, l’Austria, ha mostrato con coraggio, fin dall’entrata nella Comunità Europea, il suo sviluppo economico così come la sua modernità e la sua apertura verso l’esterno. La dinamicità culturale e tecnologica della sua capitale, l’ha resa uno degli esempi più apprezzati da tutta l’Europa fin dall’inizio di questo secolo. In poco più 15 anni, Vienna è diventata di fatto la città europea con la migliore qualità della vita. Il merito di tale successo è dato sicuramente da due componenti fondamentali: la stabilità politica del Paese e il metodo di gestione dei processi di pianificazione territoriale e urbana. L’attuale sviluppo del territorio mostra come alla base di tale qualità i fattori prevalenti siano l’architettura, ma anche le politiche urbanistiche territoriali. Sta di fatto, spiega un recente rapporto del comune di Vienna sul tema risparmio energetico e sostenibilità, che per garantire e mantenere una tale qualità della vita, occorre tener conto di tre costanti essenziali nelle dinamiche dei processi di sviluppo urbano: il rinnovamento, la ristrutturazione e l’espansione. Tali elementi consentono poi il confronto con modelli europei culturalmente più avanzati. La tutela dell’ambiente e del patrimonio ambientale si inseriscono in questo processo come una delle sfide più importanti che scaturiscono da tale confronto. Questo paper si prefigge di trattare l’esperienza viennese, ripercorrendo il lungo, ma rapido processo di cambiamento cominciato all’inizio degli anni Ottanta. Strumento generale di pianificazione urbanistica, il Piano di Sviluppo della Città (Stadtentwicklungsplan), ha costituito e costituisce tuttora lo strumento decennale di previsione e di programmazione energetica a livello urbano e territoriale, stabilendo le direttrici strategiche di espansione, di ristrutturazione e di rinnovamento della Città e del suo hinterland. Ma l’esclusività di tale strumento, è da vedere nell’anticipazione di temi come il consumo energetico, la sostenibilità e nell’individuazione della tutela ambientale, come questione prioritaria da includere nei programmi d’intervento da attuare a breve termine. Infatti, con la formulazione del primo Programma KliP (Klimaschutzprogramm) (1999–2009) e, successivamente, del secondo Programma KliP (2010-2020), vengono elaborati dei “pacchetti” di provvedimenti con obiettivi ben definiti, come per esempio la riduzione del 21%, a persona, dei gas di emissione e di gas propellenti rispetto ai valori rilevati nel 1990. Gli strumenti con i quali raggiungere tali obiettivi sono: la riduzione del fabbisogno energetico, l’introduzione di fonti di energia ecosostenibile, l’uso di materiali biologici nell’edilizia pubblica e privata a grande e piccola scala, ma soprattutto, gli interventi sulla mobilità, sulla gestione dei rifiuti e sulla protezione del paesaggio. Accanto ai Piani di Sviluppo, Il Programma SEP (Städtische Energieeffizienz-Programm), definisce le linee generali da seguire nella gestione della politica dei consumi energetici a lungo termine, ovvero fino alla fine del 2015. I risultati portano già nel 2011 ad un aumento della quota di energia rinnovabile del 10% del volume totale del consumo di energia. Tra gli incentivi ci sono quelli rivolti alla realizzazione di centrali elettriche, inceneritori per il riciclo di materie dalle quali ricavare energia, mentre un ruolo sempre più importante è dato dall’uso della geotermia, e dell’energia solare. La continuità programmatica culmina nella formulazione di un progetto unitario, SMART CITY WIEN, che riunisce ben dieci gruppi differenti di interessi, istituzioni pubbliche, enti privati, centri universitari di ricerca, ecc., attorno ad una visione a lunga scadenza: Smart Energy vision 2050. Al centro della tavola rotonda le tematiche: lo sviluppo della popolazione, l’ambiente, i metodi di gestione, l’economia, l’energia e la mobilità. Accanto a queste, sostenibilità, partecipazione, diversità, efficienza di risorse, sviluppo regionale integrato come pure sviluppo economico equilibrato sono gli elementi fondamentali per la preparazione delle decisioni future.
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Smolík, Josef. « Lokální, regionální nebo zahraniční ? Preference potravin obyvatel Jihomoravského kraje ». Dans XXV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Brno : Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0068-2022-29.

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The article deals with the research of food preferences among the inhabitants of the South Moravian Region. The text focuses on attitudes research, examining whether respondents prefer local or regional food when buying. Research also provides information of regional food labeling. The aim of the text is to present theoretical knowledge about the labeling of regional foods on the basis of relevant literature, and also to find out whether consumers are inspired by this information or whether these are key information when buying them. The data are also based on a questionnaire survey conducted from February and March 2022. The main results of the text can be considered the presentation of particular brands for regional foods, as well as finding out the preferences of consumers in the South Moravian Region. Food labeling can influence consumer behavior and food selection when shopping. However, the question is whether consumers know, use and are influenced by the labeling system. This text tried to answer these research questions. The results of the sociological survey can be seen as a contribution to the debate on the promotion of regional foods. The main finding is the increase of online shopping during the Covid-19 pandemic. It can be expected that the issue of regional foods will continue to develop dynamically in the coming years, also with regard to discussions concerning food self-sufficiency.
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Amin, Dhiraj, Sharvari Govilkar et Sagar Kulkarni. « Visual Question Answering System for Indian Regional Languages ». Dans 2022 5th International Conference on Advances in Science and Technology (ICAST). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icast55766.2022.10039528.

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Pechkina, Ekaterina Viktorovna. « The questions of regional development of old industrial areas ». Dans IV International Scientific and Practical Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-117686.

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Yu, Hao, Arash Dahi Taleghani, Miguel Gonzalez Chavez et Zhanghua Lian. « Is Complexity of Hydraulic Fractures Tunable ? A Question from Design Perspective ». Dans SPE/AAPG Eastern Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/191809-18erm-ms.

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Gheorghita, Maria, et Stela Pripa. « The role of the triple helix in designing a viable regional innovation system ». Dans 4th Economic International Conference "Competitiveness and Sustainable Development". Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2022.14.

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This article focuses on triple helix collaboration to support the development of the regional innovation-driven economy - in particular on questions of strategic structures for regional collaboration in the triple helix of government, industry and knowledge institutions. Regional innovation activity is often studied through the prism of regional innovation systems. Strategic collaboration in the triple helix is seen as one of the most viable ways to stimulate regional innovation. This article presents the role of strategic structures in regional triple helix collaboration. with the aim of highlighting how triple helix actors can structure and implement fruitful collaboration to support innovation-led regional development.
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Baumanns, Philipp, Niklas van Bracht, Alexander Fehler, Andreas Maaz et Albert Moser. « Addressing the question of regional generation adequacy in capacity expansion planning ». Dans 2017 14th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2017.7981867.

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Ma, Yuntao, Tong Lu et Yirui Wu. « Multi-scale Relational Reasoning with Regional Attention for Visual Question Answering ». Dans 2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9413140.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Questione regionale"

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Fonseca, Liliana, Lisa Nieth, Maria Salomaa et Paul Benneworth. Universities and Place Leadership : a question of agency and alignment. Universiteit Twente - Department of Science, Technology and Policy Studies (STePS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/4.2535-5686.2021.01.

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There is increasing interest in the question of how different stakeholders develop, implement and lead regional upgrading processes with the concept of place leadership emerging as one response to this. Simultaneously, universities face growing expectations that they will contribute to regional development processes – often through their collaborative relationships with other regional stakeholders. But universities are complex in terms of their internal and institutional structures, which undermines their capacities to enact coherent place leadership roles. We seek to understand how strategic leadership in universities can contribute to innovation and regional development in the context of the fundamental institutional complexity of universities. We address this through a qualitative, explorative case study comparing six European regions where universities have sincerely attempted to deliver place leadership roles. We identify that the elements of agency and alignment are vital in that: firstly, university leadership has to align with regional coalitions on the one hand and internal structures on the other hand, and secondly, this leadership must give individuals agency in their regional engagement activities.
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Bolton, Laura. Synthesis of Work by the Covid Collective. Institute of Development Studies, mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2022.001.

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Overview: This report looked across Covid Collective outputs and grouped findings into three sections. Section 2) Pandemic response; Section 3) Increased marginalisation; and Section 4) Emergent outcomes. Section 4 describes outcomes, both positive and negative, which evolved and were more unpredictable in nature. Pandemic response: Findings on national response highlight shortfalls in national government actions in Bangladesh, Malawi, the Philippines, Yemen, and Syria. Emergency law responses have, in some cases, led states to exert powers with no legal basis. In transitioning economies, state militarisation is having negative effects on constitutionalism and peacebuilding. Lack of trust in state security institutions is identified as an issue in Yemen. Improved consultation between the community, government and security institutions is needed. From a micro perspective, lockdowns were found to hit households close to subsistence the hardest bringing restrictions in to question with regards to welfare choices. Regional responses had different features (outlined in section 2). It is suggested for future research to look at how regional responses have changed interactions between regional and global organisations. The Islamic Development Bank, for example, helped function as a redistribution pool to improve inequalities between country capacities in the Middle East. The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) supported accurate information reporting. International response with regard to vaccination is falling short in terms of equality between developed and developing economies. World Bank response is questioned for being insufficient in quantity and inefficient in delivery.
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Sandeep, Bhushan, Huang Xin et Xiao Zongwei. A comparison of regional anesthesia techniques in patients undergoing of video-assisted thoracic surgery : A network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0003.

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Review question / Objective: Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgical technique, the pain remains moderate to severe. We comprehensively compared the regional anesthesia methods for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Eligibility criteria: All published full-article RCTs comparing the analgesic efficacy of investigated regional anesthesia technique or comparative blocks in adult patients undergoing any VATS were eligible for inclusion. There were no language restrictions. Moreover, we also excluded case reports, non-RCT studies, incomplete clinical trials, and any trials used multiple nerve blocks. We also excluded any conference abstracts which could not offer enough information about the study design, or by data request to the author.
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Duan, Yuanqiong, Xin Huang, Ailing Liang, Rutie Yin et Mengpei Zhang. A comparison of the efficacy and feasibility of different regional anesthesia modes in cesarean section：A systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0093.

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Review question / Objective: To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of different regional anesthesia techniques in patients who received cesarean section. Condition being studied: The current study aims to perform a network meta-analysis to comprehensively compare the regional anesthesia methods for postoperative pain in patients scheduled for elective cesarean section and try to find an optimal method that can serve as a reference in clinical practice. Information sources: Two investigators (YY and SS) independently extracted the data. Information was extracted about participant characteristics (age, gestational week, American society of Anesthesiologist grade (ASA), body mass index(BMI), etc.), study design, anesthesia methods, and analgesic efficacy outcomes. The data were extracted from the text, tables, and graphs of each study.
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Jiménez, Esteban Vidal, Vanessa Velasquez Belmar et Andres Riveros Valdes. Effectiveness of physical rehabilitation methods for pain treatment and disability in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. A Systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, juillet 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0109.

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Review question / Objective: To establish the effectiveness of physiotherapy techniques for pain treatment and functionality in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Condition being studied: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome is a chronic condition characterized by causing spontaneous or induced pain described by the patient disproportionally in relation to the inciting event, which leads to lower functionality and disability. Eligibility criteria: The syndrome’s diagnosis should have been made following the Budapest criteria or any other duly validated criteria.All the studies that mentioned the CRPS but their study subject was not its treatment were excluded. In addition, we did not include studies performed with animals, systematic reviews, summaries, thesis, pilot studies, or letters to the editor.
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Alexander, Serena E., Ahoura Zandiatashbar et Branka Tatarevic. Fragmented or Aligned Climate Action : Assessing Linkages Between Regional and Local Planning Efforts to Meet Transportation Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Targets. Mineta Transportation Institute, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2146.

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Amid the rising climate change concerns, California enacted Senate Bill 375 (SB 375) to tackle transportation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. SB 375 requires Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) to develop a Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS), a regional transportation and land use vision plan, to reduce GHG emissions. Meanwhile, a local government can develop a Climate Action Plan (CAP), a non-binding, voluntary plan to reduce GHG emissions that may align with the regional SCS. Recent progress reports indicate California is not making sufficient progress to meet SB 375 emissions reduction targets, which raises important questions: (1) Are the transportation and land use strategies and targets in SCS plans reflected in the local plans to build sustainable communities? (2) Does the alignment of regional and local transportation and land use strategies mitigate GHG emissions through vehicle trip reduction? (3) How different are the effects of independent local action and alignment of local and regional actions on vehicle trip reduction? Through an in-depth content analysis of plans and policies developed by five MPOs and 20 municipalities and a quantitative analysis of the impact of local and regional strategy alignment on vehicle trip reduction over time, this study shows that the patterns of local and regional climate policy are diverse across the state, but poor alignment is not necessarily a sign of limited climate action at the local level. Cities with a long climate-planning history and the capacity to act innovatively can lead regional efforts or adopt their own independent approach. Nonetheless, there are clear patterns of common strategies in local and regional plans, such as active transportation strategies and planning for densification and land use diversity. Well-aligned regional and local level climate-friendly infrastructure appear to have the most significant impact on vehicle-trip reduction, on average a 7% decrease in vehicle trips. Yet, many local-level strategies alone, such as for goods movement, urban forest strategies, parking requirements, and education and outreach programs, are effective in vehicle-trip reduction. A major takeaway from this research is that although local and regional climate policy alignment can be essential for reducing vehicle trips, local action is equally important.
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Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project : Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.

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Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.
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Liu, Xian-Liang, Tao Wang, Daniel Bressington, Bróna Nic Giolla Easpaig, Lolita Wikander et Jing-Yu (Benjamin) Tan. Influencing factors and barriers to retention among regional and remote undergraduate nursing students in Australia : A systematic review of current research evidence. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0087.

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Review question / Objective: To explore the attrition problems, influencing factors and barriers to retention among regional and remote nursing students who enrolled in the undergraduate programs in Australia. Condition being studied: Student retention concerns an individual’s commitment to an learning goal. Low student retention has been a long-standing issue for nursing programs and it is an important threat to the future nursing workforce. Attrition is measured by the number of students enrolled in the first year who do not complete their study in the following year. With the growth of online programs, the issue of high attrition raises concern for students enrolled in these programs. Moreover, the social context of students may influence positive motivation and affect their decision to stay in their nursing programs.
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Martinez-Bravo, Monica, et Carlos Sanz. Trust and accountability in times of pandemics. Madrid : Banco de España, janvier 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29471.

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The COVID-19 pandemic took place against the backdrop of growing political polarization and distrust in political institutions in many countries. Did deficiencies in government performance further erode trust in public institutions? Did citizens’ ideology interfere with the way they processed information on government performance? To investigate these two questions, we conducted a pre-registered online experiment in Spain in November 2020. Respondents in the treatment group were provided information on the number of contact tracers in their region, a key policy variable under the control of regional governments. We find that individuals greatly over-estimate the number of contact tracers in their region. When we provide the actual number of contact tracers, we find a decline in trust in governments, a reduction in willingness to fund public institutions and a decrease in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. We also find that individuals endogenously change their attribution of responsibilities when receiving the treatment. In regions where the regional and central governments are controlled by different parties, sympathizers of the regional incumbent react to the negative news on performance by attributing greater responsibility for it to the central government. We call this the blame shifting effect. In those regions, the negative information does not translate into lower voting intentions for the regional incumbent government. These results suggest that the exercise of political accountability may be particularly difficult in settings with high political polarization and areas of responsibility that are not clearly delineated.
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Martinez-Bravo, Monica, et Carlos Sanz. Trust and accountability in times of pandemic. Madrid : Banco de España, janvier 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/25027.

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The COVID-19 pandemic took place against the backdrop of growing political polarization and distrust in political institutions in many countries. Furthermore, most governments fell short of expectations in their management of the pandemic. Did deficiencies in government performance further erode trust in public institutions? Did citizens’ ideology interfere with the way they processed information on government performance? To investigate these two questions, we conducted a preregistered online experiment in Spain in November 2020. Respondents in the treatment group were provided information on the number of contact tracers in their region, a key variable under the control of regional governments. We find that individuals greatly overestimate the number of contact tracers in their region. When we provide the actual number of contact tracers, we find a decline in trust in governments, a reduction in willingness to fund public institutions and a decrease in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. We also find that individuals endogenously change their attribution of responsibilities when receiving the treatment. In regions where the regional and central governments are controlled by different parties, sympathizers of the regional incumbent react to the negative news on performance by attributing greater responsibility for it to the central government. We call this the blame shifting effect. In those regions, the negative information does not translate into lower voting intentions for the regional incumbent government. These results suggest that the exercise of political accountability may be particularly difficult in settings with high political polarization and areas of responsibility are not clearly delineated.
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