Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Quebec （Canada）/Corsica (France) comparison »

This article proposes to investigate the educational experiences of thirty-two separated children (unaccompanied minors seeking refuge) in two different regions: the Ile-de-France (Paris) region of France and the province of Quebec in Canada. It allow for a better understanding of the role and the actual place that education has in the integration process of these vulnerable young migrants.

Moonmilk, which is often seen coating walls in temperate caves, is a porous secondary calcite deposit composed of an aggregate of microcrystalline calcite and water. This study, based on moonmilk deposits found in Caverne de l'Ours, Ottawa Valley region, proposes a model for its formation based on the calcite and water isotope chemistry and evaluates its use as a climatic proxy. In Caverne de l'Ours, non-calcitic mineral inclusions protrude from the bedrock (Grenville marble) into the moonmilk, while others are entirely enclosed within the moonmilk. This observation suggests a mechanism of bedrock dissolution and reprecipitation for the formation of moonmilk, which is controlled by the changing seasonal climate in the cave. The δ18O of the moonmilk interstial water indicates that the condensation of water vapour occurs mostly in winter and spring. The condensation of water vapour on the surface of the walls allows for the dissolution of the Grenville marble and releases ions necessary for the precipitation of moonmilk. The δ18O and δ13C of calcite and δ18O of the moonmilk interstitial water indicate that precipitation of moonmilk occurs during summer and fall. During these seasons, the relative humidity in the cave decreases resulting in moonmilk growth through the slow evaporation of calcite-saturated water. A comparison of the δ18O record of moonmilk from caves in Gaspésie (Canada) and from Aven d'Orgnac (France) shows that this material retains temperature information valuable for paleoclimatic reconstructions.

This article examines three evaluations of health policies adopted during the 1990s: the Politique des programmes regionaux de sante (policy on regional health programs) in Nord Pas-de-Calais (France), the Policy on Health and Well-Being in Quebec (Canada) and the Planification sanitaire (qualitative health planning) for the canton of Geneva (Switzerland). A comparison is carried out on three aspects: 1 ) the scope of the evaluative questioning, 2) the steering of the process, and 3) the methods chosen. Using a qualitative and participative approach, these evaluations focus on the implementation of the policies, leaving aside the question of effects on citizens' health. What might seem a weakness in the evaluation is very likely more of an adjustment between the evaluative procedure and the issues involved with these policies, the strategy of which is based on the involvement and adhesion of their actors. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Terrestrial laser scanners provide accurate and detailed point clouds of forest plots, which can be used as an alternative to destructive measurements during forest inventories. Various specialized algorithms have been developed to provide automatic and objective estimates of forest attributes from point clouds. The STEP (Snakes for Tuboid Extraction from Point cloud) algorithm was developed to estimate both stem diameter at breast height and stem diameters along the bole length. Here, we evaluate the accuracy of this algorithm and compare its performance with two other state-of-the-art algorithms that were designed for the same purpose (i.e., the CompuTree and SimpleTree algorithms). We tested each algorithm against point clouds that incorporated various degrees of noise and occlusion. We applied these algorithms to three contrasting test sites: (1) simulated scenes of coniferous stands in Newfoundland (Canada), (2) test sites of deciduous stands in Phalsbourg (France), and (3) coniferous plantations in Quebec, Canada. In most cases, the STEP algorithm predicted diameter at breast height with higher R2 and lower RMSE than the other two algorithms. The STEP algorithm also achieved greater accuracy when estimating stem diameter in occluded and noisy point clouds, with mean errors in the range of 1.1 cm to 2.28 cm. The CompuTree and SimpleTree algorithms respectively produced errors in the range of 2.62 cm to 6.1 cm and 1.03 cm to 3.34 cm, respectively. Unlike CompuTree or SimpleTree, the STEP algorithm was not able to estimate trunk diameter in the uppermost portions of the trees. Our results show that the STEP algorithm is more adapted to extract DBH and stem diameter automatically from occluded and noisy point clouds. Our study also highlights that SimpleTree and CompuTree require data filtering and results corrections. Conversely, none of these procedures were applied for the implementation of the STEP algorithm.

AbstractModern urban planning in the world is nowadays facing severe problems due to the fast increase of the population and migration from villages to cities, which led countries to implementation of strategy of fast, modern urban planning to meet the needs of the population. Since the 1980s, in a context marked by increasing development in energy costs and by rising attention to the problem of global warming, countries have gradually mobilized to control their energy better and reduce the environmental footprint. However, even if there are some great successes, the deployment of renewable energies is still not well developed in developing countries such as Algeria that mainly uses fossil fuels. Considering the huge potential and good climatic conditions, developing countries should take on renewable energies for their future development. This paper aims to understand the impact of modern urban strategy on the application of solar urban planning. This study will clarify the critical role of solar electricity integration used in determining the urban solar potential in four studied regions located on three different continents: Africa, Europe and North America, in the cities of Ibenbadis (Constantine, Algeria), Saint-Hugues (Quebec, Canada), Saint-Malo (France) and Ambolobozobe (Madagascar). The results obtained will allow a comparison of the calculated solar energy potential of three urban sites, the benefits of reducing carbon dioxide as well as a comparison of solar energy costs on three continents.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Corythucha ciliata (Say). Hemiptera: Tingidae. Hosts: plane (Platanus sp.), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Corsica, Mainland France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Mainland Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, European Russia, Southern Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, England and Wales), Asia (China, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang, Japan, Korea Republic, Turkey), North America (Canada, Ontario, Quebec, USA, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas), South America (Chile), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zell.). Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea. Hosts: Allium spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Corsica, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Central Russia, Eastern Siberia, Far East, Northern Russia, Southern Russia, Western Siberia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Balearic Islands, Mainland Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England and Wales, Ukraine), Asia (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia), Africa (Algeria), and North America (Canada, Ontario, Quebec).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Obolodiplosis robiniae. Diptera: Cecidomyiidae. Host: black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania; Austria; Bosnia-Hercegovina; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Corsica, France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Mainland Italy and Sicily, Italy; Luxembourg; Macedonia; Netherlands; Poland; Romania; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Sweden; Switzerland; England and Wales, UK; and Ukraine), Asia (Hebei and Liaoning, China; Kyushu, Japan; and Korea Republic) and North America (New York and Pennsylvania, USA, and British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island and Quebec, Canada).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Scaphoideus titanus Ball Homoptera: Cicadellidae Vector of golden flavescence in grapes, flavescence d'orée. (= S. littoralis Ball) Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, France, Corsica, Italy, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin.

Dans le domaine de l'éducation des adultes, l'apprentissage informel fondé notamment surl'expérience est l'objet de plus en plus de recherches cherchant à caractériser sa nature ou à valoriserson statut. L'apprentissage informel représente une forme d'acquisition de connaissances, seproduisant à travers des processus d'assimilation, tels que celui qui nous permet d'apprendre notrelangue. Souvent inconscient, ce processus est omniprésent dans tous les contextes, bien que tout ceque nous apprenons ne soit pas nécessairement pertinent de manière systématique. En effet, selonRogers, dans son ouvrage paru en 2014, The Base of the Iceberg: Informal Learning and Its Impact onFormal and Non-formal Learning, le désir d'assimilation peut parfois conduire à des conformismesplutôt qu'à l'adoption d'une posture réflexive, pouvant même entraîner des attitudes régressives tellesque le racisme, le sexisme ou la violence, s'éloignant ainsi des principes et des valeurs d'une sociétédémocratique. Le contexte est décisif dans cette problématique.Il apparaît donc impératif de réfléchir à des contextes qui favorisent des apprentissages informelscritiques, c'est-à-dire basés sur la rationalité, comme le suggère par exemple Habermas dans saThéorie de l'agir communicationnel (1987). Cette réflexion devient d'autant plus cruciale face à lamenace de la désinformation et, de manière plus générale, à la déstabilisation qu'expérimentent nossociétés démocratiques. Dans cette optique, la bibliothèque de lecture publique, telle qu'elle estenvisagée par le manifeste de l'Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - UNESCO) de 1994, revu en2022, semble occuper une place centrale. Le premier objectif de ce travail consiste ainsi à discerner ladimension critique, selon Habermas, du contexte d'apprentissage informel au sein de la bibliothèquede lecture publique. Pour ce faire, nous analysons, entre autres choses, l'intention éducativemanifestée dans ce contexte, telle que définie par Carré dans Pourquoi et comment les adultesapprennent : De la formation à l'apprenance, publié en 2020. Le deuxième objectif est de recueillirles expériences d'apprentissage informel « critique » des publics. À cette fin, une enquête est menéeauprès des publics des bibliothèques de lecture publique. Enfin, nous travaillons à la faveur d'uneapproche comparative entre le Québec (Canada) et la Corse (France), cette approche étant considéréecomme l'une des démarches les plus fructueuses pour l'analyse des institutions et des pratiquessociales, selon l'ouvrage dirigé par Lallement et Spurk, Stratégies de la comparaison internationale(2003)
In the field of adult education, informal learning, particularly experience-based learning, isincreasingly becoming the subject of research aimed at characterizing its nature or enhancing itsstatus. Informal learning represents a form of knowledge acquisition that occurs through assimilationprocesses, such as the ones that allow us to learn our language. These processes are often unconsciousand omnipresent in all contexts, although not everything we learn is necessarily systematicallyrelevant. Indeed, according to Rogers in his 2014 book, The Base of the Iceberg: Informal Learningand Its Impact on Formal and Non-formal Learning, the desire for assimilation can sometimes lead toconformism rather than adopting a reflective stance, potentially resulting in regressive attitudes suchas racism, sexism, or violence, which deviate from the principles and values of a democratic society.The context is crucial in this issue.It thus appears imperative to consider contexts that promote critical informal learning, that is, learningbased on rationality, as suggested, for example, by Habermas in his Theory of Communicative Action(1987). This reflection becomes even more crucial in the face of the threat of misinformation and,more generally, the destabilization that our democratic societies are experiencing. In this perspective,the public library, as envisaged by the 1994 manifesto of the United Nations Educational, Scientificand Cultural Organization (UNESCO), revised in 2022, appears to play a central role.The primary objective of this work is to discern the critical dimension, according to Habermas, of theinformal learning context within the public library. To this end, we analyze, among other aspects, theeducational intention manifested in this context, as defined by Carré in his 2020 book about learnance,Pourquoi et comment les adultes apprennent: De la formation à l'apprenance. The second objective isto gather experiences of « critical » informal learning from the public. For this purpose, a survey isconducted among the public of public libraries. Finally, we adopt a comparative approach betweenQuebec (Canada) and Corsica (France), as this approach is considered one of the most fruitfulmethods for analyzing institutions and social practices, according to the work edited by Lallement andSpurk, Stratégies de la comparaison internationale (2003)