Thèses sur le sujet « Quality discrimination »
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Pryor, Alan N. « A Discrimination of Software Implementation Success Criteria ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2196/.
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Software implementation projects struggle with the delicate balance of low cost, on-time delivery and quality. The methodologies and processes used to create and maintain a quality software system are expensive to deploy and result in long development cycle-time. However, without their deployment into the software implementation life-cycle, a software system will be undependable, unsuccessful. The purpose of this research is to identify a succinct set of software implementation success criteria and assess the key independent constructs, activities, carried out to ensure a successful implementation project. The research will assess the success of a software implementation project as the dependent construct of interest and use the software process model (methodology) as the independent construct. This field research involved three phases: (1) criteria development, (2) data collection, and (3) testing of hypotheses and discriminant analysis. The first phase resulted in the development of the measurement instruments for the independent and dependent constructs. The measurement instrument for the independent construct was representative of the criteria from highly regarded software implementation process models and methodologies, e.g., ISO9000, Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity Model (SEI CMM). The dependent construct was developed from the categories and criteria from the Delone and McLean (1992) MIS List of Success Measures. The data collection and assessment phase employed a field survey research strategy to 80 companies involved in internal software implementation. Both successful and unsuccessful software implementation projects (identified by the Delone/McLean model) participated. Results from 165 projects were collected, 28 unsuccessful and 137 successful. The third phase used ANOVA to test the first 11 hypotheses and employed discriminant analysis for the 12th hypothesis to identify the "best set" of variables, criteria, that discriminate between successful and unsuccessful software implementation projects. Twelve discriminating variables out of 67 were identified and supported as significant discriminators between successful and unsuccessful projects. Three of the 11 constructs were found not to be significant investments for the successful projects.
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Grobe, Connie L. « New behavioral paradigms to study taste-quality generalization and discrimination in rats ». [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015697.
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Fredriksson, Henrik. « Husqvarna AB : a study on pricing and quality ». Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-14481.
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This thesis will compare and examine three different chainsaw models with re-spect to price, elasticity, price discrimination, product differentiation and durabili-ty. The three different saws are all aiming at different customer groups; hobby users, leisure users and professional users. The demands and needs of this groups differs a lot. The hobby users have the largest amount of different saws to choose from, this is a field with many different brands and the quality varies a lot, this implies that here is a fierce competition with respect to price. This indirect affects the elastic-ity and possibilities to price discriminate and product differentiation. I found that this model has the highest elasticity which is perfectly inline with the theory. Here is also a low possibility to price discriminate and the durability is the low-est. The other two models examined, the leisure and professional, are located in less competitive segments and from this follows that the professional model which has the smallest amount of competitors also has the lowest elasticity. Here was also the possibility to price discriminate the highest, durability the best and the product were viewed as differentiated.
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Kaur, Aman P. « Electron beam diagnosis for weld quality assurance ». Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13436.
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Electron beam welding is used for fabricating critical components for the aerospace and nuclear industries which demand high quality. The cost of materials and associated processes of fabrication is also very high. Therefore, manufacturing processes in these industries are highly controlled. However, it has been found that even minor changes in the electron beam gun itself can produce large variations in beam characteristics, leading to unpredictable welding performance. Hence, it is very important to ensure the beam quality prior to carrying out welds. This requires some kind of device and process to characterise the electron beam to indicate variations. A detailed review of different technologies used to develop devices to characterise electron beams has been carried out. At this time, it is uncommon for beam measurement to be carried out on production EBW equipment. Research carried out for this thesis is focused on development of a novel approach to characterise the electron beams using a slit-probe to maintain the quality of the welds. The challenge lies in deriving relevant features from the acquired probe signal which can effectively differentiate between the beams of different quality. Wavelet transformation, with its advantages over other methods for simultaneous time and frequency localization of signals, has found its application to feature extraction in many pattern based classifications. This technique has been used to analyse probe signals considering that different quality beams will possess unique signal profiles in the form of their distribution of energies with respect to frequency and time. To achieve the aim of the thesis, an experimental approach was used by carrying out melt runs on Ti-6Al-4V plates focusing on aerospace requirements, and varying beam properties and acquiring probe signals for all beam settings. Extracted features from the probe signals have been used in classification of the electron beams to ensure these will produce welds within the tolerance limits specified by aerospace standards for quality assurance. The features vector was compiled following statistical analysis to find the significant beam characteristics. By analysing the performance of classifier for different combination of parameters of the features vector, the optimum classification rate of 89.8% was achieved by using the parameters derived from wavelet coefficients for different decomposition levels. This work showed that the use of wavelet analysis and classification using features vectors enabled identification of beams that would produce welds out-of-tolerance. Keywords: Electron beam welding, probe devices, electron beam characterisation, quality assurance, wavelet transform, features vector, linear discriminant classifier, weld profiles, weld defects.
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Cole, Nathasha. « The Effects of Racial Socialization and Parent-Child Relationship Quality on Emerging Adult Reports of Racial Discrimination to Parents ». VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3435.
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The effects of parent-child relationship quality and racial socialization on reports of racial discrimination to parents are examined in an African American emerging adult population. The effects of parent-child relationship quality and racial socialization on reports of racial discrimination to parents are also considered. The influences of demographic characteristics on reports of racial discrimination are also assessed. The purpose of this study is to examine if there are relationships between cultural origin, gender, socio-economic status and reports of racial discrimination to parents. The study also aims to determine if parent-child relationship quality has an effect on whether or not black youth report experiences of racial discrimination to their parents. The study included 133 emerging adult participants between the ages of 18-25, and 33 didactic pairs of parents and their emerging adult children. Via electronic surveys, young adults answered questions about their relationships with their parents, while the parents answered questions about their racial socialization strategies. The results indicated that cultural origin, gender, and SES did not have a relationship with reports of racial discrimination to parents. However, analyses suggested that having a low or working SES has a relationship with reporting racial discrimination to parents. Findings also showed that racial socialization along with parent-child relationship quality had an effect on reports of discrimination. Implications of these findings and future directions are discussed.
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Kluka, Darlene A. « The Brighton declaration on women and sport a management audit of process quality / ». Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05262009-160707.
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Luger, Sarah Kaitlin Kelly. « Algorithms for assessing the quality and difficulty of multiple choice exam questions ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20986.
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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) have long been the backbone of standardized testing in academia and industry. Correspondingly, there is a constant need for the authors of MCQs to write and refine new questions for new versions of standardized tests as well as to support measuring performance in the emerging massive open online courses, (MOOCs). Research that explores what makes a question difficult, or what questions distinguish higher-performing students from lower-performing students can aid in the creation of the next generation of teaching and evaluation tools. In the automated MCQ answering component of this thesis, algorithms query for definitions of scientific terms, process the returned web results, and compare the returned definitions to the original definition in the MCQ. This automated method for answering questions is then augmented with a model, based on human performance data from crowdsourced question sets, for analysis of question difficulty as well as the discrimination power of the non-answer alternatives. The crowdsourced question sets come from PeerWise, an open source online college-level question authoring and answering environment. The goal of this research is to create an automated method to both answer and assesses the difficulty of multiple choice inverse definition questions in the domain of introductory biology. The results of this work suggest that human-authored question banks provide useful data for building gold standard human performance models. The methodology for building these performance models has value in other domains that test the difficulty of questions and the quality of the exam takers.
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Zhang, Yan-Jun. « Racial and ethnic disparities in quality of health care among adults with diabetes in the United States / ». Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1242473857.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2009.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Science in Pharmaceutical Sciences degree, Administrative Pharmacy option." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 66-70.
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Steiman, Shawn R. « Method development for green coffee analysis and its possible application for group discrimination and correlation of green coffee chemistry with cupping quality ». Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6988.
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Development of an ion-exchange HPLC method to simultaneously determine certain organic acids and sugars in green coffee is described. Identifying and quantitating flavor relevant compounds in green coffee offers the potential for an objective measure of cup quality. Presently, a panel of trained experts who rely upon sensory discrimination, a subjective measure, determines coffee quality. Accurate quantitation of individual compounds was verified by single component fortification of green coffee samples and determination of recoveries. Typical recoveries were as follows: malic acid 100.7%, quinic acid 86.7%, citric acid 112.8%, lactic acid 100.0%, sucrose 93.6%, fructose 109.3% and glucose 110.2%. This method is the first to report simultaneous determination of two classes of green coffee components, and provides for a relatively quick and accurate means of determination. Future utilization of this method as a measure of coffee cup quality in green coffee has implications for future coffee breeding, flavor manipulation and genetic transformation.vi, 50 leaves
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Lawitz, Michael, et Paul Skog. « Fotbollens stängda marknad ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-34622.
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Vi har genom kvalitativa intervjuer valt att undersöka fotbollsklubben Athletic Bilbaos rekryteringspolicy som innebär att klubben endast använder sig utav spelare med baskisk härkomst. Syftet med vår studie var att diskutera och analysera huruvida detta speciella koncept eventuellt är diskriminerande utifrån ett moraliskt, ett juridiskt och ett politiskt perspektiv. Vidare har vi sökt svar i de ledande svenska idrottsorganisationerna om huruvida det skulle kunna vara genomförbart i Sverige med en sådan policy. För att få en ökad förståelse för problematiken har vi valt att arbeta efter en rad teoretiska begrepp såsom etnicitet, lokal och social identitet samt globalisering. Vår slutsats är att problematiken kring föreningens policy och Baskiens politiska ställning komplicerar beslutsfattandet i diskrimineringsfrågan och att en rättspraxis från EG-domstolen krävs för att nå ett klargörande i fallet. Angående möjligheterna till ett svenskt genomförande av liknande natur som den Athletic Bilbao använder sig av har vi kommit fram till att det är genomförbart men att föreningar som idkar detta med allra största sannolikhet kommer att bli utesluten ur svensk tävlingsidrott under Riksidrottsförbundets regi.We have through qualitative interviews chosen to investigate the football club Athletic Bilbao's recruitment policy, which means that the club only uses players out of Basque descent. The aim of our study was to discuss and analyze whether this particular concept may violate discrimination laws seen from a moral, a legal and a political perspective. Furthermore, we have sought answers in the leading Swedish sport associations as to whether it could be feasible in Sweden with such a policy. To get a better understanding of the problem we have chosen to work with a series of theoretical concepts such as ethnicity, local and social identity, and globalization. Our conclusion is that the problem of the club's policy and the Basque Country's political status complicates decision-making in the discrimination issue and that a Justice of the Court is required to achieve a clarification of the case. On the possibilities of a Swedish implementation of a similar nature as the cantera policy we have come to the conclusion that it is feasible but that the corporation engaged in this with the utmost probability, will be excluded from the Swedish competitive sport assigned by Riksidrottsförbundet.
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Lundeborg, Jenny, et Johanna Paulsson. « Den dolda kostnaden bakom kvinnligt ledarskap : En kvantitativ studie om relationen mellan kvinnligt ledarskap och revisionsarvodets storlek ». Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23580.
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Syfte: Trots att vi lever i ett mer jämställt samhälle är kvinnor fortfarande underrepresenterade på beslutsfattande positioner. Intresset och behovet för mer forskning om dess konsekvenser är därför stort. Studiens syfte är att undersöka om företag med en kvinnlig VD är associerat med ett högre revisionsarvode än företag med en manlig VD. Studiens syfte är även att undersöka om ett eventuellt positivt samband kan förklaras av att kvinnor i högre grad än män eftersträvar mer kvalitetssäker revision. Metod: Studien antar en kvantitativ metod med en positivistisk forskningsfilosofi, där vi med hjälp av en hypotetisk-deduktiv ansats deducerat prövningsbara hypoteser för att ge svar på studiens syfte. Vi tillämpar en tvärsnittsdesign utifrån insamlad sekundärdata för året 2015. Studiens urval består av företag från tio europeiska länder som inhämtats med hjälp av den finansiella databasen Thomson Reuters Datastream. All data har bearbetats och analyserats med hjälp av multipla regressionsanalyser i statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultat & slutsats: Studien visar att det föreligger ett signifikant positivt samband mellan kvinnligt ledarskap och revisionsarvodets storlek. Studien ger även stöd för att ett positivt samband inte uppkommer till följd av att kvinnor i högre grad än män väljer mer kvalitetssäker revision utan att ett positivt samband ger uttryck för en diskriminerande effekt. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Studien undersöker företag utifrån ett begränsat geografiskt område, vårt förslag till vidare forskning är därför att studera hur relationen ser ut i andra geografiska områden. Vi anser även att en kvalitativ studie motiveras då företagsledningens egenskaper via en kvalitativ studie skulle få en mer framträdande roll. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien bidrar med vidare empiriska bevis för att genusperspektivet är avgörande för revisionsarvodets storlek. Genom att vara den första studien att undersöka vad ett positivt samband ger uttryck för bidrar föreliggande studie med vidare diskussion till redovisningslitteraturen.Aim: Even though we live in an increasingly egalitarian society, women are still underrepresented in corporate decision-making positions. The interest and the need for more research on its effects are therefore motivated. The study aims to investigate whether companies with a female CEO is associated with a higher audit fees than companies with a male CEO. The study's purpose is also to examine whether a possible positive correlation can be explained by the fact that women more than men strive for more quality assured auditing. Method: The study adopts a quantitative approach with a positivistic research philosophy, where we are using a hypothetical-deductive method deduced testing our hypotheses to answer the study's purpose. We apply a cross-sectional design based on secondary data collected for the year 2015. The study sample consists of companies from ten European countries gathered using the financial database Thomson Reuters Datastream. All data is processed and analyzed using multiple regressions analyzes in SPSS. Results & conclusions: The study shows that there is a significant positive relationship between female leadership and audit fees. The study also provides support for a positive relationship does not arise as a result of more women than men choose more quality assured auditing without a positive correlation reflects a discriminatory effect. Suggestions for further research: The study includes a limited geographical area, our suggestions for further research is therefor to study how the relationship looks in other geographic areas. We also believe that a qualitative study is justified, as management features through a qualitative study would have a more prominent role. Contributions of the thesis: The study provides further empirical evidence that the gender perspective is crucial for audit fees. By being the first study to examine what a positive correlation expresses, the present study contributes to further discussion of the accounting research.
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Korajkic, Asja. « Discrimination of Human and Non-Human Sources of Pollution in Gulf of Mexico Waters by Microbial Source Tracking Methods and the Investigation of the Influence of Environmental Factors on Escherichia coli Survival ». Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3503.
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Water quality worldwide is assessed by enumeration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and enterococci) intended to act as surrogates for human enteric pathogens. In environmental waters, this predictive relationship is confounded by many possible sources of FIB with varying implications for human health. Many physico-chemical and biological factors influence the fate of enteric pathogens and FIB in aquatic habitats, but are poorly understood, thus limiting our understanding of the usefulness of FIB as fecal pollution indicators.
These studies explored the field application of a “toolbox” approach to microbial source tracking (MST) intended to discriminate between human and non-human fecal pollution: a) in a Florida estuary used for shellfishing and recreational activities and b) at public beaches before and after remediation of wastewater infrastructure. Lastly, the effects of environmental factors (sediments, protozoa, sunlight) on survival of culturable E. coli were investigated in freshwater and seawater mesocosms simulating environmental conditions.
Detection of a human- associated MST marker (the esp gene of Enterococcus faecium) at sites with suspected sewage contamination indicated that human fecal pollution is impacting water quality in Wakulla County, while Lagrangian drifters designed to follow current and tidal movement suggested that local hydrology plays an important role in bacterial transport and deposition pathways.
Elevated FIB concentrations and frequent detection of human-associated MST markers (esp and human polyomaviruses) identified human sewage pollution at a public beach, facilitating remediation efforts (sewage main repair, removal of portable/abandoned restrooms), followed by significant decreases in FIB concentrations and MST marker detection. These studies show that comprehensive microbial water quality assessment can reliably identify contamination sources, thereby improving pollution mitigation and restoring recreational water quality.
Protozoan predation, freshwater vs. seawater habitat and sediment vs. water column location affected the concentration of culturable E. coli in outdoor mesocosms. Sediments offered a refuge from predation where freshwater vs. seawater habitat was amore important determinant of survival. These findings provide important insight into the ecology of E. coli and their natural predators in aquatic habitats and underscore the inherent effect different habitats play in their survival.
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Bellasio, Chandra. « Energetics of maize C4 physiology under light limiting conditions ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245459.
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C4 plants have a biochemical carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) that increases CO2 concentration around Rubisco in the bundle sheath (BS). Maize CCM has two CO2 delivery pathways to the Bundle Sheath (BS) (respectively via malate, MAL or aspartate, ASP); rates of PGA reduction, carbohydrate synthesis and PEP regeneration vary between BS and Mesophyll (M) cells. For these anatomical and biochemical complexities, C4 plants are highly sensitive to light conditions. Under limiting light, the activity of the CCM generally decreases, causing an increase in leakiness, (Φ), the ratio of CO2 retrodiffusing from the BS relative to C4 carboxylation processes. This increase in Φ had been theoretically associated with a decrease in biochemical operating efficiency (expressed as ATP cost of gross assimilation, ATP / GA) under low light and, because a proportion of canopy photosynthesis is carried out by shaded leaves, to potential productivity losses at field scale. In C4 leaves, because of the concentric anatomy, light reaches M cells before the deeper BS (Evans et al., 2007), and could alter the energetic partitioning balance between BS and M and potentially cause efficiency losses. In this experimental programme I investigated strategies deployed by C4 plants to adjust operating efficiency under different illumination conditions. Firstly, maize plants were grown under high and low light regimes (respectively HL, 600 vs LL, 100 μE m-2 s-1). Short term acclimation of Φ was compared from isotopic discrimination (Δ), gas exchange and photochemistry using an improved modelling approach which does not suffer from elements of circularity. Long term acclimation to low light intensities brought about physiological changes which could potentially increase the operating efficiency under limiting ATP supplies. Secondly, profiles of light penetration across a leaf were used to derive the potential ATP supply for M and BS cells induced by changing light quality. Empirical measurements of net CO2 uptake, ATP production rate and carbon isotope discrimination were made on plants under a low light intensity. The overall conversion efficiency was not affected by light quality. A comprehensive metabolic model highlighted the importance of both CO2 delivery pathways in maize. Further, metabolic plasticity allowed the balancing of ATP and NADPH requirements between BS and M. Finally, I tested the hypothesis that plants can modify their physiology so as to reach a status of higher operating efficiency when exposed to high light and then to low light, so as to mimic the transition which leaves undergo when shaded by newly emerging leaves in a crop canopy. Plants were grown under high light and low light for three weeks, then, HL plants were transferred to low light for a further three weeks. Re-acclimation was very effective in reducing ATP cost of net assimilation under low light intensities. In addition, the hyperbolic leakiness increase observed under low light intensities was not associated to operating efficiency loss. Overall, in the three experimental Chapters I showed compelling theoretical and empirical evidence proving the hypothesis that C4 plants deal with low light conditions and with different light qualities without losing operating efficiency.
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Lapin, Carly Ilyse. « The Measurement and Enhancement of Rapport Between Behavioral Therapists and Children with Autism ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699911/.
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Rapport has been acknowledged as an important variable in therapeutic contexts. The current evaluation defined and assessed rapport quality between children with autism and behavioral therapists based on behavioral correlates. In addition, the author evaluated the effects of an operant discrimination training procedure to enhance rapport levels for therapists with low levels of rapport. More specifically, the current study evaluated: (a) if the discrimination training procedure would establish therapists’ social interactions as a discriminative stimulus and (b) if social interaction would function as a conditioned reinforcer for novel responses. Results suggest that the discrimination training procedure was successful in conditioning social interaction as a reinforcer for all child participants, and as a result, rapport increased.
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Dubuis, Amanda. « Les droits du patient en droit de l'Union Européenne ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1078.
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Les droits du patient sont de plus en plus fréquemment évoqués par les institutions de l’Union, ce qui peut surprendre tant ce sujet est éloigné des préoccupations initiales des Communautés. À défaut de compétence juridique spécifique, ce sont à la fois la voie des droits fondamentaux et celle du marché intérieur qui ont été exploitées. L’intérêt pour ce domaine est tel qu’il existe désormais un véritable foisonnement normatif (composé tant de sources déclaratoires qu’obligatoires) affectant l’accessibilité et l’intelligibilité. La réflexion conduit donc à proposer une codification visant à simplifier la lisibilité des droits du patient reconnus par le droit de l’Union. La théorie des droits fondamentaux permet par ailleurs de déterminer si les prérogatives reconnues constituent ou non de véritables droits subjectifs. Cet intérêt pour les droits du patient contribue à l’effectivité de leur protection. Toutefois, en raison de la répartition des compétences entre l’Union et les États membres, apparaît un double niveau d’effectivité : la dimension transfrontalière des soins est particulièrement propice à la réalité des droits consubstantiels à cette situation, tandis que l’effectivité est plus nuancée pour ceux sans lien spécifique avec la mobilité. La réflexion s’est alors orientée vers la question du perfectionnement de l’effectivité, dont les perspectives sont plus ou moins positives selon la nature de l’obligation que les droits font naître pour leurs destinataires. Cette analyse conduit in fine à une réflexion sur l’existence d’un statut juridique du patient en droit de l’Union et à des propositions destinées à renforcer la place du patient et le respect de ses droitsPatients and their rights have been increasingly talked about within EU institutions, which may surprise as this subject is so remote from the Communities’ original focus. In the absence of specific legal competence, both fundamental rights and the internal market have been tapped into by EU institutions. There is so much interest in this field that there now exists a real profusion of norms (consisting of both soft and hard law sources) impacting upon the accessibility and intelligibility. Our analysis eventually offers a codification whose ambition is to make patients’ rights as recognised by EU legislation more readable. Moreover, resorting to the theory of fundamental rights enable us to ascertain whether or not recognised prerogatives constitute real individual rights. The interest in patients’ rights contributes to the effectiveness of their protection all over the EU. However, on account of the distribution of competences between the Union and member states, effectiveness actually operates on two levels : the cross-border dimension of healthcare is particularly favourable to the reality of rights inherent to this situation while effectiveness is not so straightforward for those who have no specific links with mobility. In light of this, research has turned towards the question of improving effectiveness whose prospects are more or less fruitful depending on the nature of the obligation which rights give rise to for those they are aimed at. All in all, this analys entails consideration of the existence of a legal status for patients and proposals intended to further reinforce the place of patients and, therefore, the safeguarding of his rights
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Ben-Galim, Dalia. « Equality and diversity : the gender dimensions of work-life balance policies ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d078b9c7-ceab-454c-a1b6-09ebe88fb725.
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This thesis analyses the gender dimensions of work-life balance policies in the UK. It focuses on three related questions: firstly, to what extent are work-life balance policies framed by 'diversity'; secondly, how does this impact on the conceptualisation and implementation of work-life balance policies (in government and in organisations); and thirdly, what are the implications for gender equality? Through analysing published research, the UK Government's work-life balance agenda and data generated from three selected case study organisations, the prominent dimensions of diversity that shape the conceptualisation and implementation of work-life balance policies are presented. This thesis argues that the concept of diversity - as defined by the feminist literature - offers the potential to progress gender equality through overcoming the same-difference dichotomy, and by recognising multiple aspects of identity. However, this theoretical potential is not necessarily reflected in practice. With the emphasis on the individual worker and choice, diversity has been primarily defined as 'managing diversity', and has a significant affect on how work-life balance policies have been applied in both government policy and organisational practice. The UK Government states that work-life balance policies are meant to provide everyone with opportunities to balance work with other aspects of life. The current policy framework targets parents and in particular mothers, potentially limiting the choices that men and women have to 'work' and 'care'. Locating work-life balance policies within the context of 'managing diversity' supports and facilitates women's employment, but does not necessarily challenge fundamental gender disparities such as occupational segregation and gender pay gaps. Analysis of the UK Government's current agenda and organisational case studies show that despite progressive equality, diversity and worklife balance agendas, work-life balance policies are limited in challenging persistent structural gender inequalities.
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Ortega, Anthony Perez. « Diagnostic differences of Mexican American clients due to clinician's ethnicity ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1638.
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Wise, Paul M. « Latency and accuracy of same-different discriminations of odor quality between binary mixtures and their components / ». Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9992387.
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Chouaibi, Meriam. « Droits du patient : étude comparée entre la France et la Tunisie ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1055.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le système juridique français accorde une grande importance aux droits du patient, essentiellement à travers la loi du 4 mars 2002. Ce texte a été construit de manière à placer le patient au centre du dispositif et à lui attribuer des droits liés à sa qualité de sujet de droit. Cette idée est quasiment absente dans la législation tunisienne. En Tunisie, la législation relative aux droits des patients est insuffisante. Il est vrai que le législateur tunisien a défini certains droits pour le patient. Cependant, ces consécrations législatives ne nous permettent pas de confirmer l’idée selon laquelle le patient est le centre de la relation médicale, particulièrement parce que le paternalisme médical trouve encore une consécration en Tunisie. L’étude comparative a montré certaines convergences entre les deux systèmes juridiques mais aussi d’importantes divergences. Ainsi, pour un pays, comme la Tunisie, dont le système sanitaire confronte des difficultés intenses non seulement sur le plan infra-structurel mais également législatif, le code de la santé publique en général et la loi du 4 mars 2002 pour les droits des malades, en particulier, peuvent constituer une source efficace pour des changements en profondeur. Cependant, si en France la loi du 4 mars 2002 occupe une place primordiale dans le corpus des règles du droit de la santé, on ne peut nier que les droits du patient confrontent aujourd’hui des difficultés de mise en œuvre. En effet, même si le souci du législateur français était de protéger au maximum les droits des patients, certaines failles restent à signalerThe french legal system attaches great importance to patient rights, mainly through the law of 4 March 2002. This text was constructed to place the patient at the center of the device and assigning the rights to as a subject of law. This idea is almost absent in tunisian law. In Tunisia, legislation on the rights of patients is inadequate : the rights of patients are devoted so scattered in several legal texts. It is true that the tunisian legislature has defined certain rights for patients. However, these legislative consecrations do not allow us to confirm the idea that the patient is the center of the medical relationship, particularly because medical paternalism still finds consecration in Tunisia. The comparative study showed some convergence between the two legal systems but also important differences. Thus, for a country like Tunisia, whose health system confronts severe difficulties not only its infrastructure but also the legislative, the code of public health in general and the law of 4 March 2002 for the rights of patients, particular, can be an effective source for in-depth changes. However, if in France the Law of 4 March 2002 occupies a prominent place in the corpus of rules of health law, there is no denying that the patient's rights today facing implementation difficulties. Even if the concern of the french parliament was to maximally protect the rights of patients, some flaws still to report
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Chudy, Magdalena. « Discriminating music performers by timbre : on the relation between instrumental gesture, tone quality and perception in classical cello performance ». Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2016. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/18378.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Classical music performers use instruments to transform the symbolic notationof the score into sound which is ultimately perceived by a listener. For acoustic instruments, the timbre of the resulting sound is assumed to be strongly linked to the physical and acoustical properties of the instrument itself. However, rather little is known about how much influence the player has over the timbre of the sound - is it possible to discriminate music performers by timbre? This thesis explores player-dependent aspects of timbre, serving as an individual means of musical expression. With a research scope narrowed to analysis of solo cello recordings, the differences in tone quality of six performers who played the same musical excerpts on the same cello are investigated from three different perspectives: perceptual, acoustical and gestural. In order to understand how the physical actions that a performer exerts on an instrument affect spectro-temporal features of the sound produced, which then can be perceived as the player's unique tone quality, a series of experiments are conducted, starting with the creation of dedicated multi-modal cello recordings extended by performance gesture information (bowing control parameters). In the first study, selected tone samples of six cellists are perceptually evaluated across various musical contexts via timbre dissimilarity and verbal attribute ratings. The spectro-temporal analysis follows in the second experiment, with the aim to identify acoustic features which best describe varying timbral characteristics of the players. Finally, in the third study, individual combinationsof bowing controls are examined in search for bowing patterns which might characterise each cellist regardless of the music being performed. The results show that the different players can be discriminated perceptually, by timbre, and that this perceptual discrimination can be projected back through the acoustical and gestural domains. By extending current understanding of human-instrument dependencies for qualitative tone production, this research may have further applications in computer-aided musical training and performer-informed instrumental sound synthesis.
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Derval-Vicet, Laura. « Discrimination résidentielle perçue et satisfaction résidentielle : un antagonisme expliqué par l'identification socio-spatiale : étude de la qualité de vie résidentielle urbaine ». Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2049/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse s’intéresse à la qualité de vie des résidents urbains et plus particulièrement à celle des habitants des quartiers prioritaires. Elle cherche à déterminer comment la discrimination résidentielle perçue influence l’identification et la satisfaction que les résidents ont de leur quartier, et la façon dont ils sont amenés à y faire face. Pour ce faire, quatre études ont été menées : trois quantitatives et une qualitative. La première, sur la base d’un échantillon de 101 résidents, a permis d’appréhender les phénomènes de discrimination et d’identification au lieu. La seconde s’appuie sur 522 participants pour proposer une modélisation de la qualité de vie résidentielle urbaine à travers la discrimination résidentielle perçue, l’attachement au lieu, l’identification socio-spatiale, l’identification au groupe, la satisfaction résidentielle et la durée de résidence. La troisième (N = 273) s’est intéressée à la discrimination résidentielle de genre, par le biais de la fréquentation différentielle des hommes et femmes au sein de leurs quartiers. La dernière est qualitative et a une visée complémentaire par rapport aux autres études. Elle traite, ainsi, l’ensemble des thématiques abordées dans la thèse, en faisant verbaliser les résidents sur leur vécu dans leurs quartiers. Globalement, les résultats obtenus confirment la perception de discrimination résidentielle dans les quartiers prioritaires et soulignent l’importance de l’identification au voisinage et du soutien social pour y faire face, afin de conserver un haut niveau de satisfaction résidentielle. Les implications et la portée de ces résultats sont discutées au regard de la politique urbaine actuelle, et questionnent l’intérêt de la mixité socialeThis thesis focuses on the quality of life of urban residents and more particularly that of residents of priority neighborhoods. It seeks to determine how perceived residential discrimination influences residents' identification and satisfaction with their neighborhood, and how they are coping with it. To do this, four studies were conducted: three quantitative and one qualitative. The first, based on a sample of 101 residents, helped to understand the phenomena of discrimination and identification instead. The second is based on 522 participants to propose a modeling of the urban residential quality of life through perceived residential discrimination, attachment to the place, socio-spatial identification, identification with the group, residential satisfaction and length of residence. The third (N = 273) focused on gender-based residential discrimination, through the differential attendance of men and women in their neighborhoods. The latter is qualitative and has a complementary aim compared to other studies. It deals with all the topics covered in the thesis, by making residents verbalize their experiences in their neighborhoods. Overall, the results confirm the perception of residential discrimination in priority neighborhoods and emphasize the importance of neighborhood identification and social support to address it, in order to maintain a high level of residential satisfaction. The implications and scope of these results are discussed in terms of current urban policy, and question the interest of social diversity
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Mokadmi, Sarra. « Sexualité des femmes blessées médullaires en France : Comportements sexuels, vécu, attentes et soins ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV062.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La santé sexuelle, promue par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé, revêt une importance fondamentale pour la santé physique et émotionnelle et le bien-être des personnes. Chez les femmes, la survenue d’une lésion médullaire (LME) peut, comme chez les hommes, altérer la fonction et l’activité sexuelles, et l’amélioration de leur sexualité peut avoir une influence positive sur leur qualité de vie. Très peu de données sont actuellement disponibles concernant la sexualité des femmes lésées médullaires (LM) en France et les modalités de prise en charge des troubles associés. L’objectif de cette thèse est de décrire l’expérience de ces femmes en matière de sexualité et la diversité des modalités de prise en charge potentielles des troubles associés.Ce travail, qui repose sur une approche de santé publique interdisciplinaire, biomédicale, psychosociale et épidémiologique, qualitative et quantitative, comprend trois parties.Une revue systématique et qualitative de la littérature a permis d'identifier les recommandations, les conseils d'experts, ou les données d'études destinées à l'éducation sexuelle des femmes LM.La bonne gestion des complications de la lésion, un abord prudent, multidisciplinaire, l’implication des pairs, l’accompagnement dans la durée apparaissent au premier plan des enseignements de cette littérature.Une étude réalisée à partir des données recueillies au sein d’une nouvelle consultation de gynécologie, dédiée à la prise en charge de femmes en situation de handicap, a montré que des femmes LM insérées dans un réseau de soins multidisciplinaire et spécialisé n’avaient que rarement bénéficié des soins gynécologiques et des mesures de préventions nécessaires, y compris en lien avec une activité sexuelle majoritairement préservée. Ce type de consultation pourrait constituer une opportunité pour aborder leur vie sexuelle et identifier leurs besoins éventuels dans ce domaine.Une enquête qualitative menée auprès de 20 participantes a montré que la survenue d’une LME constituait une rupture biographique importante au delà de la lésion elle-même. Ces femmes peuvent avoir des réactions très différentes en fonction de leur histoire et de leur situations personnelles et ont ainsi une expérience bouleversée de leur sexualité.Ces travaux éclairent ainsi les besoins en termes de prise en charge de la sexualité chez les femmes blessées médullaires, et proposent des orientations pour les modalités de prises en charge futuresSexual health, as advocated by the World Health Organization, is key to physical, emotional health and well-being.As well as in men, the occurrence of a spinal cord lesion (SCL) in women may negatively impact their sexual function and sexual activity. Improving their sexual function and sexual activity would improve their quality of life. However, very little data is currently available on the sexuality of spinal cord injured women in France. The aim of this thesis was to describe these women’s experiences with sexuality and the diversity of potential management modalities for associated disorders.Based on an interdisciplinary public health approach this work associated biomedical, psychosocial and epidemiological, qualitative and quantitative perspectives. It included three steps.A systematic and qualitative review of the literature identified recommendations, expert advices, or research data for sex educating women with SCL; in order to identify practical strategies for setting up such support. Well-managed complications of the lesion, a careful, multidisciplinary approach, peer support and long-term follow-up are at the top of this literature's teaching priorities.Data collected from a newly equipped outpatient gynecological clinic specifically for women with disabilities were analyzed. They showed that despite a frequently preserved sexual activity, women with SCL had hardly received any gynecological and specific preventive care despite a persistent sexual activity. Moreover, this was also true in those who were in a multidisciplinary and specialized care network. However, this type of consultation could be an opportunity to address their sexuality and identify their potential needs in this area.A qualitative study conducted with 20 participants showed that the occurrence of a SCL represented a significant biographical disruption beyond the lesion itself. These women may have very different reactions depending on their history and personal circumstances and thus have a life-changing experience of their sexuality.This work sheds some light on the needs in terms of sexual care for women with SCL, and suggests guidelines for future care modalities
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Bouthillon, Marine. « Dispositif de discrimination entre des micro-organismes et leur environnement pour une détection précoce ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse consiste en la conception d'un système d'acquisition et d'un algorithme de traitement d'image. Le but de ce travail est la détection de contaminants dans un contexte de contrôle qualité, particulièrement dans l'industrie pharmaceutique. Les contaminants sont des colonies de micro-organismes se développant sur membrane micro-poreuse. Nous avons choisi d'utiliser la mesure tridimensionnelle de surface pour réaliser l'acquisition des données, ce qui n'a jamais été fait pour des données micro-biologiques. Notre apport a de plus consisté à remplacer l'éclairage laser généralement utilisé par un dispositif à LED permettant de réduire le bruit dans les données. Cela permet de diminuer la durée d'incubation des tests de 14 jours à moins de 5. Concernant l'algorithme, nous avons analysé les données de hauteur en combinant une méthode de détection de données aberrantes et un séparateur à vaste marge. La difficulté de la détection réside dans la variété des signaux correspondant aux colonies, et également dans la présence d'artefacts semblables aux colonies. Nous sommes capables de détecter correctement la présence ou l'absence de contaminants dans 98% des casAn acquisition system and its algorithm are designed. Their purpose is contaminants detection as quality control in pharmaceutical industry. Contaminants are colonies of micro-organisms growing on micro-porous membrane. We use 3D surface measurement, which has never been done in a microbiological context. In addition, our contribution is to use an LED based lighting instead of a laser. It leads to an important noise reduction. It allows to decrease micro-organisms incubation period from 14 days in current method to 5 days or less. The height map from the system are processed with an outlier detection method combined to a support vector machine. Colonies show varying and various signals, and artifacts are present in the data. Nevertheless, we have been able to detect with success the presence or absence of contaminants with a rate of 98%
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SARCIA', SALVATORE ALESSANDRO. « An Approach to improving parametric estimation models in the case of violation of assumptions based upon risk analysis ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1048.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this work, we show the mathematical reasons why parametric models fall short of providing correct estimates and define an approach that overcomes the causes of these shortfalls. The approach aims at improving parametric estimation models when any regression model assumption is violated for the data being analyzed. Violations can be that, the errors are x-correlated, the model is not linear, the sample is heteroscedastic, or the error probability distribution is not Gaussian. If data violates the regression assumptions and we do not deal with the consequences of these violations, we cannot improve the model and estimates will be incorrect forever. The novelty of this work is that we define and use a feed-forward multi-layer neural network for discrimination problems to calculate prediction intervals (i.e. evaluate uncertainty), make estimates, and detect improvement needs. The primary difference from traditional methodologies is that the proposed approach can deal with scope error, model error, and assumption error at the same time. The approach can be applied for prediction, inference, and model improvement over any situation and context without making specific assumptions. An important benefit of the approach is that, it can be completely automated as a stand-alone estimation methodology or used for supporting experts and organizations together with other estimation techniques (e.g., human judgment, parametric models). Unlike other methodologies, the proposed approach focuses on the model improvement by integrating the estimation activity into a wider process that we call the Estimation Improvement Process as an instantiation of the Quality Improvement Paradigm. This approach aids mature organizations in learning from their experience and improving their processes over time with respect to managing their estimation activities. To provide an exposition of the approach, we use an old NASA COCOMO data set to (1) build an evolvable neural network model and (2) show how a parametric model, e.g., a regression model, can be improved and evolved with the new project data.
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Masson, Jean-Baptiste. « Sigfried 2 : modèles de mélange censurés et autres méthodes statistiques pour la contribution d'indicateurs spatialisables de la qualité de l'air intérieur dans les logements français ». Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le programme CIRCE (Cancer, inégalités régionales, cantonales et environnement) qui vise à comparer des cartographies d’occurrence des cancers avec des cartographies de qualité environnementale, pour le territoire français métropolitain. Notre objectif spécifique est de construire des cartographies relatives à la qualité de l’air à l’intérieur des logements, qui soient compatibles avec cette approche. Nous avons adopté une démarche en deux étapes : premièrement construire des profils-types du point de vue de la pollution intérieure, et ensuite évaluer la fréquence locale de ces classes dans des zones prédéterminées. La première étape a nécessité le développement d’une extension de méthodes de classification bien connues, basées sur les modèles de mélange gaussiens et l’algorithme EM, au cas de données censurées (de manière déterministe). La seconde étape a fait usage de méthodes de discrimination non paramétrique, basées sur des arbres binaires de décision (CART). Malheureusement, tous les arbres construits présentent une erreur de prédiction très élevée. Même si l’on peut détecter des associations significatives bien connues entre pollution intérieure et certaines caractéristiques du logement et de ses occupants, il semble très difficile de prédire le profil-type, ou même la concentration d’une substance, à partir de ces caractéristiques. Néanmoins, la méthodologie développée a de nombreuses qualités : simplicité de mise en oeuvre, étapes distinctes permettant un contrôle régulier des résultats, flexibilité dans le choix des variables, évaluation possible de l’erreur de prédictionThis Ph. D. Thesis is part of the CIRCE program (Cancer, regional and cantonal environmental inequalities) which aims at comparing maps of cancer occurrence with maps of environmental quality on the French territory. Our specific goal is to build geographic maps of the indoor air quality inside the homes, that are compatible with this approach. We adopted a two-step method: first, build typical profiles of indoor air pollution, then assess these classes’ local frequencies in predefined zones. In the first step, we developed an extension of classical clustering methods, based on Gaussian mixture models and the EM algorithm, to the case of (deterministically) censored data. In the second step, we used non-parametric discrimination tools based on binary decisions trees (CART). Unfortunately, the resulting trees have a very high prediction error rate. Even if known significant associations can be found between indoor pollution and some characteristics of the building and its occupants, it seems very hard to predict the profile, or even a single pollutant’s concentration, from those characteristics. However, our methodology has numerous advantages: simplicity of use, distinct steps enabling a steady control of the results, flexible choice of the variables, availability of a prediction error rate
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Georgiou, Jonathan. « Exploring the benefits of attracting, recruiting and retaining mature age employees up to and beyond the traditional age of retirement : Perspectives from Western Australia ». Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1632.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There has been a recent upsurge in media attention surrounding Australia’s ageing workforce. A review of academic, media and grey literature highlighted inadequacies in existing workplace polices, as well as flaws in financial and social security schemes. Of particular concern were persistent negative attitudes and counterproductive policies regarding mature age employees (MAEs). Poor retention rates among this cohort of workers aged 45 years and over are leading to skilled labour shortages and losses in corporate knowledge. This expected mass exodus of mature cohorts into retirement has been predicted to negatively impact the socio-economic sustainability of ageing societies world-wide and is a pertinent issue for Western Australia (WA).
The overarching objective of this study was to identify the ‘place’ of mature cohorts within WA workplaces and promote strategies that will improve the employment conditions and overall quality of life of ageing workforces. Research questions aimed to address the need for greater mature age employment up to and beyond pensionable age; identify ‘gaps’ in policies and programmes; and explore how mature cohorts were perceived (valued) and the extent their departure may affect WA society (labour force).
By using a mixed methods research design, this Doctoral dissertation developed a conceptual framework for limiting significant issues individuals, businesses and society may experience as a result of WA’s ageing workforce; whilst simultaneously promoting the benefits of maturity and mature age employment. This Re-Model draws upon the community development work principles of social justice, empowerment and social capital; and is further contextualised by methods of best practice identified from the triangulation of secondary sources, quantitative data and qualitative inquiry. Primary data collection involved the completion of 362 surveys, followed by 27 semistructured interviews and four focus group activities, with a cross section of MAEs, volunteers, their employers, retirees and unemployed cohorts from across WA.
Over one-third of current MAEs, employers and volunteers in this study reported they intended working later than the traditional age of retirement, with 71 per cent of this sample planning to semi-retire. Furthermore, almost 60 per cent of a sample that had previously exited the labour force was working at the time of data collection as semi-retirees or rehired retirees (rehirees). Collectively, these statistics indicated that despite predictions of mass disengagement among mature cohorts, most of this crosssection of Western Australians are seeking to remain in (or re-enter) the WA workforce beyond pensionable age. However, quantitative and qualitative findings revealed several barriers to their continued engagement, including access to ‘age-friendly’ workplaces; a dearth of targeted training (career) development and employment assistance; and a lack of value attributed to mature age skills and experience, particularly deleterious in WA’s youth-centric culture.
Primary data also highlighted several enabling factors for mature age employment. ‘Flexibility’ and ‘autonomy of choice’ were cited as key dimensions across all aspects of paid work, volunteering and retirement – whether in terms of worklife- balance; the individuation of training and development; or options available to those transitioning out of traditional employment. Data indicated that sustainable cultural change required more than just the removal of negative policies or introduction of punitive legislation. Maintaining a positive outlook among mature age individuals and simultaneously educating (younger) co-workers, employers, policy-makers (stakeholders) and society about the virtues of maturity and non-traditional work (skills) were considered essential to changing societal attitudes, behaviour and culture.
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PETTINI, Anna. « Quality discrimination for redistributive purposes ». Doctoral thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5039.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 19 January 1998Examining board: Prof. Pierre Pestieau, CREPP, University of Liège ; Prof. Alessandro Petretto, University of Florence ; Prof. Louis Phlips, EUI and University of Florence, Supervisor ; Prof. Robert Waldmann, EUI and IGIER, Milan
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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PETTINI, ANNA. « Quality discrimination for redistributive purposes. European University Institute ». Doctoral thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/542128.
Texte intégral
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« Visual Quality with a Focus on 3D Blur Discrimination and Texture Granularity ». Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.36518.
Texte intégralRésumé :
abstract: Blur is an important attribute in the study and modeling of the human visual system. In this work, 3D blur discrimination experiments are conducted to measure the just noticeable additional blur required to differentiate a target blur from the reference blur level. The past studies on blur discrimination have measured the sensitivity of the human visual system to blur using 2D test patterns. In this dissertation, subjective tests are performed to measure blur discrimination thresholds using stereoscopic 3D test patterns. The results of this study indicate that, in the symmetric stereo viewing case, binocular disparity does not affect the blur discrimination thresholds for the selected 3D test patterns. In the asymmetric viewing case, the blur discrimination thresholds decreased and the decrease in threshold values is found to be dominated by the eye observing the higher blur.
The second part of the dissertation focuses on texture granularity in the context of 2D images. A texture granularity database referred to as GranTEX, consisting of textures with varying granularity levels is constructed. A subjective study is conducted to measure the perceived granularity level of textures present in the GranTEX database. An objective index that automatically measures the perceived granularity level of textures is also presented. It is shown that the proposed granularity metric correlates well with the subjective granularity scores and outperforms the other methods presented in the literature.
A subjective study is conducted to assess the effect of compression on textures with varying degrees of granularity. A logarithmic function model is proposed as a fit to the subjective test data. It is demonstrated that the proposed model can be used for rate-distortion control by allowing the automatic selection of the needed compression ratio for a target visual quality. The proposed model can also be used for visual quality assessment by providing a measure of the visual quality for a target compression ratio.
The effect of texture granularity on the quality of synthesized textures is studied. A subjective study is presented to assess the quality of synthesized textures with varying levels of texture granularity using different types of texture synthesis methods. This work also proposes a reduced-reference visual quality index referred to as delta texture granularity index for assessing the visual quality of synthesized textures.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2015
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Teng, Wei-Ting, et 曾偉婷. « The Study of Humor and Gender Discrimination on Female Tour Guides’ Service Quality ». Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49443652675334861441.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士龍華科技大學
商學與管理研究所
97
The importance of humor can diminish conflicts for interpersonal activities, furthermore, to increase corporate efficiency. However, the humor execution has gender differentiation. Man tour guide is usually a humor dominant to expose a happy and relaxant aura during a wonderful trip. On the opposite, woman tour guide is passive listener only to offer location information and to listen complaining. The discrimination stems from cognition to genders stereotype, which may limited woman tour guide’s work span as well as their sense of humor. The study examines the gender discrimination in tour industry to explore woman tour guide’s service quality and their sense of humor. SEM is adopted to complete the study survey, total 500 questionnaires are distributed, and 425 copies of valid questionnaires are returned. The findings are as following: 1.The two functions of humor for woman tour guide are required to connect relationship with travelers. The other is to promote communication capacity to incorporate with colleagues and travelers. 2.The sense of humor can strengthen woman tour guide’s service quality and professional status. 3.The woman tour guide faces diverse forces such as sexual discrimination, role positioning, and authority. 4.The woman tour guides are characterized as a service provider to pursuit a harmony atmosphere during journeys.
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Huang, Kuan-pin, et 黃冠賓. « Rapid Quality Analysis and Discrimination of Taiwan and Thailand-imported Honey by Near Infrared Spectroscopy ». Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58116983657155644803.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立中興大學
食品科學系
90
Honey is one of the most important products in honey business. Recently honey is imported from different countries in Taiwan. Among them, Thailand-imported honey is the most abundant. However, little information about the difference between the quality of Taiwan and Thailand-imported honey was found in the literature. In this study, physicochemical analyses were used to examine the quality of honey from the two origins, and with Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) to investigate the feasibility of rapid quality analysis and discrimination of the origins of honey. Totally 111 samples including Taiwan and Thailand-imported honey harvested in year 2000 and 2001 were collected for this study. In the result of physicochemical analysis, the qualities between two regions of honey did not differ much. The major differences between the two regions of honey were that the water contents were higher in Taiwan honey and the diastatic activities were lower in Thailand-imported one. According to the Chinese National Standard (CNS), 74 and 80 % of Taiwan and Thailand-imported honey harvested in year 2001 respectively were of grade B. And 66.67 and 81.82 % of Taiwan and Thailand-imported honey harvested in year 2000 respectively were all below the grades A and B of CNS. The R2 of NIRS calibration curves of 111 honey samples for Hunter L, a, b, total soluble solids, water activities, moisture contents, reducing sugar and glucose contents were 0.93, 0.97, 0.83, 0.95, 0.99, 0.93 0.85 and 0.91, respectively. The correlation coefficients (r) for prediction of these eight constituents were 0.93, 0.97, 0.86, 0.95, 0.98, 0.91, 0.87 and 0.85, respectively. It showed that these calibration curves could be used for rapidly determining the eight physicochemical characteristics of these honey samples. Based on the results of principal component analysis (PCA) with seventeen physicochemical characteristics, PCA with origins and harvested years categories could explain the 44 % variation of total honey samples. Generally speaking, PCA with categories could separate the honey samples with different origins and harvested years. The pattern recognition analysis with the physicochemical characteristics of honey was applied to classify the origins of honey. The average of error classification of Thailand-imported and Taiwan honey were 0 % and 10.1 % respectively. The results of the pattern recognition analysis with NIR spectra by PCA and fisher weights showed that the average of error classification for both Taiwan and Thailand-imported honey was 0 %. When the canonical discriminant analysis was used in pattern recognition, the first canonical variable (CAN1) could used to discriminate the Taiwan and Thailand-imported honey by CAN1 = -2. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that NIRS is a rapid and effective method for quality analysis and discrimination of Taiwan and Thailand-imported honey.
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« Gender bias and quantity quality tradeoff of children in China ». 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892431.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Yam Yin Kat.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-49).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2 --- Data --- p.4
Chapter 3 --- Gender and Birth Order of Children --- p.7
Chapter 3.1 --- Hypothesis Development --- p.7
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Gender Discrimination --- p.7
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Birth Order --- p.12
Chapter 3.2 --- Results on Gender Bias --- p.14
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Overall Results --- p.15
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Gender Bias in Rural versus Urban Area --- p.18
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Household Characteristics and Gender Bias --- p.19
Chapter 3.3 --- Birth Order Effect --- p.22
Chapter 4 --- Number of Children --- p.25
Chapter 4.1 --- Hypothesis and Empirical Strategy --- p.25
Chapter 4.2 --- Results --- p.30
Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.33
Tables --- p.35
References --- p.46
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Hall, Porsha. « Investigation of Quality of Life, Harmony, Healthy Behaviors for Aging, Perceived Stress, Disparities in Healthcare, Microaggressions, and Discrimination as Predictors of Satisfaction With Life for Older Black Lesbians ». Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-kx0t-7917.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The sample (N=118) was mostly Lesbian (85.6%, n=101) with a mean age of 60.81 years (min=50, max=86, SD=7). Most (55.1%, n=65) lived with a partner, including 25.4% (n=30) being married. The education mean (=category 4.37, min=1, max=6, SD=1.123) was between Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees, 48.3% were employed full-time (n=57), 26.3% (n=31) retired, and the annual household income was $50,000 – $99,999 (mean=5.13; SD=1.392). They reported good health (mean=4.04; min=1, max=6, SD=0.789) with an overweight Body Mass Index (BMI mean=32.77; min=17.97, max=57.32, SD=8.03). Quality ratings showed: healthcare received was closest to very good (mean= 4.68; min=1, max=6, SD=1.205); care received from primary care provider was between very good and excellent (mean=4.54; min=1, max=6, SD=1.174); providers’ sensitivity/cultural competence for sexual orientation was closest to very good (mean=4.70; min=1, max=6, SD=1.182); providers’ sensitivity/cultural competence for race was between good to very good (mean=4.57; min=1, max=6, SD=1.178); and providers’ openness to hearing about/accepting sexual orientation was closest to very open (mean=3.77; min=1, max=5, SD=0.937). The majority (71.2% (n=84) experienced discrimination in the healthcare system—for being Black (64.4%, n=76), a woman (48.4%, n=57), overweight/obese (31.4%, n=54), or appearance (29.7%, n=35).Findings for performing 9 behaviors for healthy aging showed: 1-stages of change mean=4.283 (min=1.44, max=5, SD=0.663) was closest to action stage; 2-self-efficacy mean=5.171 (min=3, max=6, SD=0.703) was 80% confident; 3-knowledge mean = 5.811 (min=3.22, max=7, SD=0.916) was closest to a high level of knowledge; and, 4-motivation mean=5.57 (min=3.44, max=7, SD=0.935) was between moderate and high.
They had moderately high: satisfaction with life (SWLS-3 mean=5.223, min=1.33, max=7, SD=1.272); overall life satisfaction (LSS-1, mean=7.50, min=2, max=10, SD=1.834); and harmony in life (mean=5.407; min=2, max=7, SD=1.184).
Backwards stepwise regression, controlling for social desirability, indicated higher Satisfaction with Life (SWLS-3) was significantly predicted by: Higher harmony in life (B=0.714, p=0.000); Higher annual household income (B=0.155, p=0.004); Higher provider sensitivity/cultural competence to their patient being Black (B=0.208, p=0.002)—with 62.4% of variance explained (R2=0.615, adjusted R2=0.624; F=25.483, p=.000) by the model.
Qualitative data amplified findings.
34
Bantsi, Kgotlaetsho. « The anatomy of environmental racism and injustice in South Africa : a case study of Alexandra ». Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20456.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A t~esis submitted to the Fa~~~ln:of Arts~ Universit~,of t\c W,itwat~rsrana; !n
partial fulfilt..nent oof the requn;ements fi,or a, Master' of Arts degree In . , ..... "
Developnlental Sociology.
I:,
(I
NOVEMBER 1996No abstract.
35
Richards, Larissa Christine. « Chemometric analysis of full scan direct mass spectrometry data for the discrimination and source apportionment of atmospheric volatile organic compounds measured from a moving vehicle ». Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/13333.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Anthropogenic emissions into the troposphere can impact air quality, leading to poorer health outcomes in the affected areas. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a group of chemical compounds, including some which are toxic, that are precursors in the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols. VOCs have a variety of sources, and the distribution of atmospheric VOCs differs significantly over time and space. Historically, the large number of chemical species present at low concentrations (parts-per-trillion to parts-per-billion by volume) have made VOCs difficult to measure in ambient air. However, with improvements in analytical instrumentation, these measurements are becoming more common place. Direct mass spectrometry (MS), such as membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) and proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) facilitate real-time, continuous measurements of VOCs in air, with full scan mass spectral data capturing changes in chemical composition with high temporal resolution. Operated on-road, mobilized direct MS has been used for quantitative mapping of VOCs at the neighborhood scale, but identifying VOC sources based on the observed mixture of molecules in the full scan MS dataset has yet to be explored. This dissertation describes the use of chemometric techniques to interrogate full scan MS data, and the progression from discriminating VOC samples of known chemical composition based on full scan MIMS data through to the apportionment of VOC sources measured continuously with a PTR-ToF-MS system operating in a moving vehicle. Lab‐constructed VOC samples of known chemical composition and concentration demonstrated the use of principal component analysis (PCA) to discriminate, and k-nearest neighbours to classify, samples based on normalized full scan MIMS data. Furthermore, multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) was used to resolve mixtures into molecular component contributions. PCA was also used to discriminate ‘real-world’ VOC mixtures (e.g., woodsmoke VOCs, headspace above aqueous hydrocarbon samples) of unknown chemical composition measured by MIMS. Using vehicle mounted MIMS and PTR-ToF-MS systems, full scan MS data of ambient atmospheric VOCs were collected and PCA was applied to the normalized full scan MS data. A supervised analysis performed PCA on samples collected near known VOC sources, while an unsupervised analysis using PCA followed by cluster analysis was used to identify groups in a continuous, time series PTR-ToF-MS dataset measured between Nanaimo and Crofton, British Columbia (BC). In both the supervised and unsupervised analysis, samples impacted by emissions from different sources (e.g., internal combustion engines, sawmills, composting facilities, pulp mills) were discriminated. With PCA, samples were discriminated based on differences in the observed full scan MS data, however real-world samples are often impacted by multiple VOC sources. MCR-weighted ALS (MCR-WALS) was applied to the continuous, time series PTR-ToF-MS data from three field campaigns on Vancouver Island, BC for source apportionment. Variable selection based on signal-to-noise ratios was used to reduce the mass list while retaining the observed m/z that capture changes in the mixture of VOCs measured, improving model results, and reducing computation time. Both point (e.g., anthropogenic hydrocarbon emissions, pulp mill emissions) and diffuse (e.g., VOCs from forest fire smoke) VOC sources were identified in the data, and were apportioned to determine their contributions to the measured samples. The data analyzed captured fine scale changes in the ambient VOCs present in the air, and geospatial maps of each individual source, and of the source apportionment were used to visualize the distribution of VOC sources across the sampling area. This work represents the first use of MCR-WALS to identify and apportion ambient VOC sources based on continuous PTR-ToF-MS data measured from a moving vehicle. The methods described can be applied to larger scale field campaigns for the source apportionment of VOCs across multiple days to capture diurnal and seasonal variations. Identifying spatial and temporal trends in the sources of VOCs at the regional scale can help to identify pollution ‘hot spots’ and inform evidence-based public policy for improving air quality.Graduate
2022-08-17
36
Moore, Toni S. « Supporting family-friendly work practices : cultural possibilities and limitations ». Thesis, 2015. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/uws:32503.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This is an human resource management (HRM) thesis which investigates a critical diversity management topic. Existing literature shows that the availability of family-friendly work practices (FFWPs) does not guarantee their usage often resulting in the inability to attain a suitable work and family balance. This issue is of rising importance due to the increasing numbers of parents in the workforce. The role played by family-friendly work culture (FFWC) in explaining the reluctance of employees to access family-friendly work practices (FFWPs) was investigated. This research problem is significant because it was found that only a few studies have highlighted the importance of FFWC. This indicated the gap in the current state of knowledge. McDonald, Brown and Bradley’s FFWC measure was utilised to confirm and develop the FFWC concept. A critical stance is taken to question whether culture has all the answers when investigating FFWPs. Therefore, the role played by job characteristics and the style of human resource management (HRM) is also investigated utilising the human resource architecture model and the soft and hard HRM model. This involves an assessment of the utility of these models for theory and practice. The research questions prompted the use of a qualitative methodological approach. Preliminary interviews and case studies were an ideal choice of research methods based on the nature of FFWC being considered a medium and outcome of social practice. Being able to be present at the organisations as much as possible was an advantage in gaining insights into organisational members’ values, perceptions, feelings and thoughts. This enabled an understanding of the personal experiences of individuals regarding FFWPs. Phase one consisted of 16 pilot interviews at 16 organisations. These were conducted during 2007. The analysis from these interviews informed the second phase, the case studies. Data collection for phase two was conducted from 2010 to 2012 and consisted of documentary analysis and interviews. The case studies were based at two large private sector and two large public sector organisations located in Sydney. Five female and five male participants at each organisation from various job categories were selected. The findings confirmed McDonald, Brown and Bradley’s FFWC framework. Five new FFWC aspects relating to the existing five FFWC dimensions advance understanding of those dimensions. There are also four new FFWC dimensions revealed which extend the existing FFWC framework to nine dimensions. This enhanced FFWC framework helps to explain why employees often feel discouraged to use FFWPs. However, job characteristics were also found to play a part, although this varied between the private and public sector case study organisations. Type of HRM was also found to be an influence. Organisations employed a mix of soft and hard HRM which coincided with uneven usage of FFWPs. This finding supported the heterogeneity argument concerning HRM in practice. The revised theoretical model for studying FFWPs in this thesis integrates three bodies of theory together in an innovative fashion: FFWC, soft and hard HRM and human resource architecture theories. Empirical evidence from this thesis confirms that the revised theoretical model for studying FFWPs is useful for explaining the interplay between the institutional environment, participant characteristics, type of organisation, job characteristics, FFWC, style of HRM the availability and usage of FFWPs, and employee work and family balance. This is a significant original contribution to the study of FFWPs in the future. All in all, this thesis indicates that organisations need to investigate the lived experience of individuals to truly understand the difference between the rhetoric and reality of organisational life concerning FFWPs. This is because to examine policy alone is not enough.
37
Novais, Luciano José Oliveira. « Da perceção subjetiva de discriminação à experiência de vitimação em contexto de vulnerabilidade socioeconómica : uma abordagem narrativa ». Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/8543.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientação: Joana Maria Barreto Ramos de Almeida CabralO fenómeno de discriminação socioeconómica é uma forma de discriminação cada vez mais presente nas sociedades contemporâneas. O crescente acentuar da polarização socioeconómica entre uns e outros, num mundo cada vez mais competitivo, menos cooperante, tem favorecido o aumento acentuado da exclusão social. No presente estudo procurou-se compreender a forma como a experiência de vitimação decorrente da perceção de discriminação socioeconómica é subjetivamente construída em contexto de vulnerabilidade socioeconómica, à luz do modelo ecológico e das abordagens narrativas. O estudo envolveu 4 adultos, 3 do sexo masculino e 1 do feminino, com os quais se procedeu à aplicação de uma entrevista semi-estruturada com base na qual se procurou avaliar o impacto do tratamento discriminatório recebido no contacto de proximidade do indivíduo com as várias esferas sociais, bem como avaliar a perceção individual da qualidade de vida em contexto de vulnerabilidade socioeconómica. De acordo com a literatura, para a compreensão da formação das identidades sociais e das representações sociais por parte dos indivíduos, há que ter em conta os fatores individuais, sociais e culturais que rodeiam os indivíduos, no tempo e no espaço. Neste estudo propusemo-nos perceber a perceção que os indivíduos têm sobre a sua realidade-condição e o sentido que a mesma assume para eles, e compreender as atitudes e comportamentos que apresentam perante situações de discriminação socioeconómica. Os resultados deste estudo ajudam a perceber a intersubjetividade inerente aos conceitos em estudo, nomeadamente na relação como são percecionados, significados e operacionalizados pelos participantes. Os participantes mencionam alterações nas relações interpessoais e intrapessoais decorrentes da exclusão social. Os participantes apontam alterações de ordem estrutural, nomeadamente de facilitação ao acesso a serviços de apoio instrumental por parte dos mais vulneráveis socioeconomicamente, bem como alterações de caráter individual e educacional dos excluídos e de quem os exclui.
The phenomenon of socio-economic discrimination is a form of discrimination that is increasingly present in contemporary societies. The growing accentuation of socio-economic polarization between the two, in an increasingly competitive, less cooperative world, has favored a sharp increase in social exclusion. In the present study we tried to understand how the experience of victimization resulting from the perception of socio-economic discrimination is subjectively constructed in a context of socio-economic vulnerability, in light of the ecological model and narrative approaches. The study involved 4 adults, 3 males and 1 females, with whom a semistructured interview was carried out, based on which the impact of the discriminatory treatment received in the proximity contact of the individual with the various social spheres, as well as evaluating the individual perception of quality of life in a context of socioeconomic vulnerability. According to the literature, to understand the formation of social identities and social representations by individuals, it is necessary to take into account the individual, social and cultural factors that surround individuals in time and space. In this study we proposed to perceive the individuals' perception of their reality-condition and the meaning it assumes for them, and to understand the attitudes and behaviors that they present in situations of socioeconomic discrimination. The results of this study help to understand the intersubjectivity inherent to the concepts under study, namely in the relation how they are perceived, meaning and operationalized by the participants. Participants mention changes in the interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships resulting from social exclusion. The participants point out structural changes, such as facilitating access to instrumental support services by the most vulnerable socioeconomically, as well as changes in the individual and educational character of the excluded and those who exclude them.
38
Chen, Pao-Shuang, et 陳葆霜. « A novel simple and effective class discriminator of motor quality based on genetic algorithm ». Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s9sdz9.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士健行科技大學
電子工程系碩士班
106
This paper proposes a simple and effective class identifier algorithm for motor quality based on the genetic algorithm. This algorithm is composed of the following three parts, namely (a) the pre-processing stage of signals: its main purpose is to extract and amplify motor current signals and remove noises; (b) the selection stage of main feature points: the main purpose is to select the most important feature points that can express the characteristics of the original signal from a large number of original feature points. This stage can simplify calculation of the large amount of data needed to perform the classification work; (c) the class identification stage of motor quality: the class identification method of DC motor quality utilizes the genetic algorithm. The used genetic algorithm includes five parts: encoding and decoding, fitness evaluation, crossover, mutation, and reproduction. In short, the genetic algorithm is used to find the sub-optimal solution by encoding and decoding with repeated and continuous operations until the closest one to the best solution is found. Four motor quality classes are identified, including the normal motor quality type (Type-good), and three fault motor quality types (Error type-1, Error type-2, and Error type-3). Experimental results show that the Type-good classification accuracy rate of normal motors is 95.55%, and Error type-1, Error type-2, and Error type-3 classification accuracy rates of faulty motors are 86.66%, 82.35%, and 86.95%, respectively. The total classification accuracy rate is about 90.00%.
39
Snyman, Adele Erna. « Factors with regard to the attainment of workplace equality as perceived by people with physical disabilities ». Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3109.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since 1994, various policies and guidelines, pertaining to the employment of people with disabilities have been promulgated. All of these policies highlighted the importance of employment equity and equality within the working environment. Despite all these policies and guidelines people with disabilities are still experiencing barriers within the working environment. These barriers prevent them from functioning optimally and equally alongside able-bodied colleagues. The requirements of people with disabilities are still not integrated into the general considerations of the workplace. In order to determine what factors people with physical disabilities perceive as important with regard to equality in the workplace, a combination of a qualitative and quantitative research approach were followed. Both convenient and Snowball/Chain sampling was utilised to identify the research participants. The data was gathered by means of an intensive literature study, as well as utilisation of surveys and interviews. After analysing the data, specific conclusions could be made. The sample was not representative of the total population, so these conclusions could not be generalised, it could however indicate certain trends. The conclusions with regard to the study could be utilised to improve the management of employees with physical disabilities in order to promote workplace equality. Certain recommendations in this regard have been made. Recommendations on how social workers could assist with the attainment of workplace equality for employees with disabilities have also been made.Social Work
M.A. (Social Science)
40
Larouche, Trottier Hugo. « Étude de la capacité de discrimination et du patron de consommation de la livrée des forêts (Malacosoma disstria) confrontée à une variation intra et interspécifique de la qualité de ses hôtes alimentaires ». Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3817/1/M11590.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La livrée des forêts (Malacosoma disstria Hübner) est un des principaux ravageurs épidémiques des forêts de feuillus de l'Amérique du Nord. Ce lépidoptère polyphage épidémique peut s'alimenter de plusieurs hôtes différents. Au Québec, son hôte primaire est le peuplier faux tremble et des dégâts ont été fréquemment observés sur l'érable à sucre, un hôte secondaire. Les lépidoptères sont sensibles au contenu chimique des feuilles consommées. Le sucre, principal résidu de la photosynthèse, est un important phagostimulant. Une variation de la chimie foliaire est présente d'une essence à l'autre. Au sein d'une même essence, l'environnement de croissance a un impact significatif sur la chimie foliaire. Cette expérience a visé à tester la capacité de discrimination de la livrée des forêts et à connaitre son patron de consommation. Elle a été confrontée à une variation inter et intraspécifique des concentrations en sucres de ses hôtes alimentaires. Les chenilles ont eu à consommer des feuilles d'érable à sucre et de peuplier ayant poussé en pleine lumière, des feuilles d'érable à sucre ayant poussé en sous-bois et des feuilles de ces deux mêmes essences ayant poussé sous des toiles ombragées avec 30% de pénétration lumineuse. Des tests de consommation avec deux choix et des tests de consommation forcée sans choix ont été effectués avec des chenilles de stade quatre dans des pétris fermés. Les insectes dans les pétris ont été filmés durant la première heure des tests et des photos ont été prises à toutes les heures durant 6 heures. Le comportement alimentaire a été analysé à partir des séquences vidéo et les volumes foliaires consommés ont été évalués à partir des photographies. De manière générale, la livrée des forêts a discriminé négativement les feuilles d'érable à sucre ayant poussé à l'ombre. Dans les tests de discrimination avec deux choix et dans les tests de comportement de base sans choix, le traitement de peuplier ayant poussé à l'ombre a été le plus consommé et le traitement d'érable à sucre ayant poussé à l'ombre a été le moins consommé. Ces résultats indiquent que la chenille aurait un grand seuil d'acceptation de nourriture. Elle discriminerait négativement seulement des sources alimentaires dont la très faible stimulation en sucre ne suffirait pas à surpasser la stimulation négative causée par les différents composés secondaires inhibant la consommation. La relation n'est pas linéaire entre la hausse de sucre et de la consommation. Il s'agit d'un phénomène complexe où les interactions entre plusieurs autres facteurs chimiques de la feuille comme les tannins et les glycosides phénoliques, et des facteurs physiques comme l'épaisseur et le contenu en eau, auraient un impact plus grand sur la consommation que seule la variation des concentrations de sucres.
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41
Polych, Carol. « Exploring the Help-seeking / Helping Dynamic in Illegal Drug Use ». Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/26431.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Heuristic qualitative research techniques (Moustakas,1990) were used to explore the dynamic of the help-seeking / helping relationship in illegal drug use from the perspective of the professional. Six professionals, expert in helping people living with an addiction, shared their opinions and insights, analyzed problems, explained the rewards, and made recommendations for improvement, based on their own practices within the health care and social services systems. These professionals identify stigma as a major barrier to the provision of quality care in addictions, and analysis shows that a cultural predilection for scapegoating underlies the application of stigma. The many layered social purposes served by the designation of certain substances as illegal and the utility of scapegoating to hegemonic, vested interests is surveyed. This thesis reviews the true social costs of addictions, the entrenched and enmeshed nature of the alternate economy, and the many above ground institutions and professions sustained by the use of drugs designated as illegal. Prohibition and imprisonment as a response to illegal drug use is exposed as costly, inhumane, dangerous, and overwhelmingly counterproductive in terms of limiting harm from illegal drug use. A recent example of drug prohibition propaganda is deconstructed. Consideration is given to the role of the Drug War as a vehicle to accelerate social creep toward a fragmented self-disciplining surveillance society of consumer-producers in the service of economic elites. Classism is brought forward from a fractured social ground characterized by many splits: sexism, racism, age-ism, able-ism, size-ism, locationism, linguism, and others, to better track the nature of the social control that illegal drugs offer to economic elites. The moral loading that surrounds illegal drug use is deconstructed and the influence of religion is presented for discussion. The primitive roots of human understanding that endorse the ritual Drug War and its supporting mythology, leading to the demonization of illegal drugs and the people who use them, are uncovered. Direction is taken from Benner and Wrubel’s Primacy of Caring (1989) and other leaders in the professions as a means to move practitioners away from their roles as agents of social control into a paradigm of social change.