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1
Ghiribelli, Annalisa. Decretazione d'urgenza e qualità della produzione normativa. Milano : A. Giuffrè, 2011.
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Mone, Daniela. Qualità normativa tra tecnocrazia ed effettività della democrazia rappresentativa. Napoli : Jovene, 2010.
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Lucio, Militerni, et Veronesi Umberto, dir. Cellule staminali : Etica e qualità di vita : normativa europea e legislazione internazionale. Milanofiori Assago (Milano) : UTET giuridica, 2012.
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Gruber, Gottfried. Multichannel Management : A Normative Model Towards Optimality. Bern : Peter Lang International Academic Publishers, 2018.
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Quality of employment in Europe : Legal and normative perspectives. Bruxelles : P.I.E. Peter Lang, 2012.
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Ettore, Coni, et Istituto superiore di sanità (Italy), dir. Latte di produzione nazionale : Rispondenza di alcuni parametri chimico-fisici alla normativa europea. Roma : Istituto superiore di sanità, 1997.
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Fuzio, Riccardo. Testo unificato della normativa sull'inquinamento atmosferico da traffico veicolare : Emissioni, qualità dei combustibili, piani urbani del traffico. Milano : Giuffrè, 1994.
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Istituto nazionale di statistica (Italy), dir. Il controllo della qualità dell'aria : Reti di monitoraggio, strumenti, normativi, e tecniche statistiche : atti del workshop, Roma, 5 ottobre 1994. Roma : Sistema statistico nazionale, Istituto nazionale di statistica, 1995.
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Funari, E. Stato di qualità delle acque potabili in Italia in relazione alle linee guida dell'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità e alla normativa comunitaria e nazionale. Roma : Istituto superiore di sanità, 1995.
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Dzyuba, Grigoriy, Boris Baranov, Elena Myasnikova, Tat'yana Zhubreva et Aleksandr Sokolov. Technology of catering products. ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1034527.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The tutorial discusses the processes occurring in the product under the influence of different treatments and factors that affect the quality of the finished product. Given the normative and technological documentation, as well as its use in the public catering enterprises. Includes laboratory work on the preparation and processing of semi-finished products, dishes, products and drinks.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
For students of educational institutions of higher education specializing in training 19.03.04 "production Technology and organization of public catering".
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Nikolaeva, Mariya, et Larisa Kartashova. Standardization, Metrology and conformity assessment. ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1003102.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Describes the basic concepts and components of standardization, Metrology, assessment and confirmation of compliance, the normative-legal base of these activities with the accounting requirements, including newly adopted Federal laws.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Designed for students of higher educational institutions in the areas of "trade", "commodity" (the degree qualification "bachelor"). Can be useful for students of institutions of secondary professional education on specialties "commodity research and quality expertise of consumer goods", "Commerce (on branches)", "Technology of catering products", "Organization of service in public catering".
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Meli, Marco, dir. Le norme stabilite e infrante. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-777-1.
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Le norme stabilite e infrante. Saggi italo-tedeschi in prospettiva linguistica, letteraria e interculturale raccoglie saggi di carattere linguistico-letterario che analizzano aspetti della scrittura di autori quali Vasari e Goethe, forme di comunicazione moderna, e aspetti teorici e normativi del linguaggio. Altri saggi si concentrano sull’opera di autori italiani del Novecento (Pirandello e Atzeni), indagandone la dimensione dell’intertestualità e polifonia dei linguaggi. Vengono inoltre studiati il rapporto tra poesia concreta e poesia visiva, nonché la tecnica espressiva del linguaggio in ambito cinematografico. Il volume si chiude con un’analisi delle caratteristiche della politica culturale di entrambi i paesi, illuminandone affinità e divergenze.
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Glazkova, Mariya. Court practice in the mechanism of legal monitoring. ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/25284.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The manual discusses the role of judicial practice in the implementation of the mechanism of legal monitoring on the Federal, regional and local levels. It justifies significance of judicial practice as an integral part of the legal monitoring, since it is the judiciary, which is constant-
Janno being at the turn of sometimes conflicting interests to have the most complete information about the quality of legislation.
Describes the theoretical and normative foundations of legal monitoring, its organization and influence on the development of procedural law and the legal system. Special attention
given the anti-corruption monitoring.
The work is aimed at resolving issues of implementation of legal monitoring in the activities of public authorities, business-structures, public organizations and other civil society institutions in order to make informed proposals on optimization of the Russian legislation.
For deputies, employees of state and municipal authorities, representatives of civil society institutions, scientific workers, teachers, postgraduates and students of law universities and faculties.
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Facile, Farmacia Farmacia. Legislazione e Normativa Del Controllo Di Qualità : Materiale Riassuntivo Strategico. Independently Published, 2021.
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Sbornik : Osnovni normativni, normativno-tekhnicheski i metodicheski dokumenti po sertifikat͡s︡ii͡a︡ na produkt͡s︡ii͡a︡ta. Sofii͡a︡ : Izd-vo "Standartizat͡s︡ii͡a︡", 1988.
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Gruber, Gottfried. Multichannel Management : A Normative Model Towards Optimality. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2018.
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Vielle, Pascale, et Silvia Borelli. Quality of Employment in Europe : Legal and Normative Perspectives. Lang AG International Academic Publishers, Peter, 2012.
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Morel, Nathalie, et Joakim Palme. A Normative Foundation for the Social Investment Approach ? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The SIA has been criticized for its productivist view of social policy and one-sided emphasis on economic returns. Indeed, it is fair to say that the social dimension of social investment has been paid lip service both in terms of policy developments and in academic research. In fact, it may be that one of the weaknesses of the SIA is its lack of clear normative underpinning or theory of social justice against which to develop a well-founded evaluative framework for assessing the quality of social policies and social arrangements both for society as a whole and from the life perspective of individuals. This contribution discusses the possible relevance of the capabilities approach developed by Amartya Sen, both in developing a normative framework for social investment, but also in developing indicators for assessing social outcomes, and for analysing how different institutional arrangements support or hinder agency and capabilities.
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Froman, Bernard, et Christophe Gourdon. Dictionnaire de la qualité : Plus de 800 définitions - Équivalents anglais - Informations normatives commentées. Association Française de Normalisation - AFNOR, 2003.
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Siegel, Harvey. Argument Quality and Cultural Difference. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190682675.003.0014.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Central to argumentation theory is a concern with normativity. Argumentation theorists are concerned, among other things, with explaining why some arguments are good in the sense that a given argument provides reasons for embracing its conclusion. This conception of argument quality presupposes that the goodness of arguments is characterizable in terms of features of “the argument itself.” Recent work by a wide range of philosophers and theorists rejects such an abstract, impersonal notion of argument goodness. These theorists insist upon taking seriously the features of the evaluators themselves, and emphasize the importance of cultural difference in argument appraisal. In this paper I argue that while there is much merit in the general multiculturalist perspective, the multiculturalist argument against impersonal conceptions of argument quality fails, mainly because it presupposes just the kind of impersonal account of argument quality it seeks to reject. I call this presupposition that of transcultural normative reach.
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Calhoun, Cheshire. Living with Boredom. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851866.003.0006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Rejecting the standard focus on boredom as a cultural or personal problem, this chapter examines how boredom illuminates the kinds of problems that evaluators face just in being evaluators. The chapter explores five reasons for boredom: (1) loss of temporal meaning; (2) normative constraints; (3) disappointment with present value qualities given the standards of what is worth attending to that one sets for oneself; (4) value satiety when spending extended time with a particular value quality exhausts one’s capacities to do anything more with it; and (5) leisure, whereby the agent is burdened with the task of finding things to do with herself.
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Alexandrova, Anna. A Philosophy for the Science of Well-Being. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199300518.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Well-being, happiness, and quality of life are now established objects of social and medical research. Does this science produce knowledge that is properly about well-being? What sort of well-being? The definition and measurement of these objects rest on assumptions that are partly normative, partly empirical, and partly pragmatic, producing a great diversity of definitions depending on the project and the discipline. This book, written from the perspective of philosophy of science, formulates principles for the responsible production and interpretation of this diverse knowledge. Traditionally, a philosopher’s goal has been a single concept of well-being and a single theory about what it consists in. But for science this goal is both unlikely and unnecessary. Instead the promise and authority of the science depends on it focusing on the well-being of specific kinds of people in specific contexts. Sceptical arguments notwithstanding, this contextual well-being can be measured in a valid and credible way—but only if scientists broaden their methods to make room for normative considerations and address publicly and inclusively the value-based conflicts that inevitably arise when a measure of well-being is adopted. The science of well-being can be normative, empirical, and objective all at once, provided that we line up values to science and science to values.
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Concha Cantú, Hugo A., Miguel Ángel Lara Otaola et Jesús Orozco Henríquez. Towards a Global Index of Electoral Justice : International IDEA Discussion Paper 2/2020. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, and Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.29.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Globally, a wide variety of indices and indicators evaluate and provide information on different aspects of democracy and electoral procedures. On the one hand, there are indices that measure the quality of democracy and its resilience over time, focusing on building blocks such as the existence of representative governments, civil and political rights and necessary power limits. Other indices evaluate the quality of elections and specific aspects, such as voter registration, campaign financing and the performance of electoral authorities. Finally, others evaluate rule of law and access to justice. However, none of these indices focuses on the dimension of electoral justice, understood as the means and procedural mechanisms that guarantee free and fair elections, carried out in accordance with the law, and that guarantee the exercise and fulfilment of political rights. This is about to change. International IDEA, with the support of the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary of Mexico, makes an unprecedented proposal for the construction of a Global Index dedicated exclusively to electoral justice. This document includes a measurement proposal with normative design, process and result indicators, which will offer useful and comparative information on the electoral conflict resolution system of a given country or countries. It will provide comparative knowledge on electoral processes and institutions from around the world and assess the quality of their electoral justice.
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Nir, Lilach. Disagreement in Political Discussion. Sous la direction de Kate Kenski et Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Normative theory extols the virtues of disagreement to democracy, but evidence to support these suppositions is somewhat mixed. This chapter reviews the empirical literature on exposure to disagreement that occurs in ordinary political conversations among citizens. After outlining conceptual distinctions and operational definitions in the literature, the main section highlights both the agreed-upon and contested findings on the consequences of disagreement, including opinion quality, political tolerance, attitudinal ambivalence, knowledge gains, polarization, and participatory outcomes. The concluding section points to unanswered questions and proposes several directions for future research on disagreement. These include exploring factors that shape receptivity to disagreement, such as individual differences, situational cues, the content of verbal exchanges, and cross-national differences in political institutions, media systems, or cultural preference for outspokenness.
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Iurlaro, Francesca. The Invention of Custom. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897954.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The concept of customary international law, although differently formulated, was already present in early modern European debates on natural law and the law of nations. However, no scholarly monograph has addressed the relationship between custom and the European natural law and ius gentium tradition. This is a book on this neglected story, and offers a solid conceptual framework to contextualize and understand the ‘problematic of custom’, namely how to identify its normative content. Natural law doctrines, and the different ways in which they help construct human reason, provided custom with such normative content. ‘Normative content’ here means a set of fundamental moral values that foundationally help identify the status of custom as either a fundamental feature or an original source of ius gentium. Thus, the book explores what cultural values and practices facilitated the emergence of custom and rendered it a source of the law of nations, and how they did so. Two crucial issues will be at the core of the book’s analysis: first, it will qualify the nature of the interrelation between natural law and ius gentium and explain why it matters in relation to our understanding of the idea of custom; second, it will claim that the process of custom’s formation as a source of law calls into question the role of the authority of history. The interpretation of the past through this approach can, thus, be described as one of ‘invention’.
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Ackerly, Brooke A. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662936.003.0009.
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Just responsibility is a transformative human rights politics for taking on the complexities, power inequalities, and social normalization of injustice itself. Just responsibility is a human rights theory of political responsibility in which we understand human rights as enjoyed and shared throughout political community (and human rights entitlements as a tool toward that end), political community as defined by its web of networks, not its boundaries, accountability as a political process of discernment, not a power relation, and leadership as a quality of political community, not of individuals within it. Found within and supported by the principles-in-practice of women’s human rights activists, this grounded normative theory of responsibility guides us in a human rights enhancing way to be accountable leaders in political transformation, taking responsibility for global injustice in a just way.
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Siegel, Harvey. Education's Epistemology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190682675.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This collection extends and further defends the “reasons conception” of critical thinking that Harvey Siegel has articulated and defended over the last three-plus decades. This conception analyzes and emphasizes both the epistemic quality of candidate beliefs, and the dispositions and character traits that constitute the “critical spirit”, that are central to a proper account of critical thinking; argues that epistemic quality must be understood ultimately in terms of epistemic rationality; defends a conception of rationality that involves both rules and judgment; and argues that critical thinking has normative value over and above its instrumental tie to truth. Siegel also argues, contrary to currently popular multiculturalist thought, for both transcultural and universal philosophical ideals, including those of multiculturalism and critical thinking themselves. Over seventeen chapters, Siegel makes the case for regarding critical thinking, or the cultivation of rationality, as a preeminent educational ideal, and the fostering of it as a fundamental educational aim. A wide range of alternative views are critically examined. Important related topics, including indoctrination, moral education, open-mindedness, testimony, epistemological diversity, and cultural difference are treated. The result is a systematic account and defense of critical thinking, an educational ideal widely proclaimed but seldom submitted to critical scrutiny itself.
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Coole, Diana. Population, Environmental Discourse, and Sustainability. Sous la direction de Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer et David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.35.
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This chapter considers the relationship between population growth and environmental sustainability. This is presented as both an objective, material issue of demographic change and environmental resources and a normative one regarding the quality of life. The discussion begins with Maltuhusian arguments popular in the mid-twentieth century limits to growth discourses, continues with an overview of the 1970s opposition to this discourse, and concludes with an assessment of the challenges that both a growing population and a legacy of racist and misogynist discourse advocating limits to population pose for contemporary efforts to achieve sustainable development. While the chapter is sympathetic to the environmentalist claim that any ecological problem is harder to solve with more people, it finds few signs that any politically or ethically acceptable framework exists that would allow current environmental theorists to advocate population stabilization strategies.
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Buzan, Barry, et George Lawson. The English School : History and Primary Institutions as Empirical IR Theory ? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.298.
Texte intégralRésumé :
How does the English School work as part of Empirical International Relations (IR) theory? The English School depends heavily on historical accounts, and this article makes the case that history and theory should be seen as co-constitutive rather than as separate enterprises. Empirical IR theorists need to think about their own relationship to this question and clarify what “historical sensitivity” means to them. The English School offers both distinctive taxonomies for understanding the structure of international society, and an empirically constructed historical approach to identifying the primary institutions that define international society. If Empirical IR is open to historical-interpretive accounts, then its links to the English School are in part strong, because English School structural accounts would qualify; they are, in other ways, weak because the normative theory part of the English School would not qualify. Lying behind this judgement is a deeper issue: if Empirical IR theory confines itself to regularity-deterministic causal accounts, then there can be no links to English School work. Undertaking English School insights will help open up a wider view of Empirical IR theory.
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Oortwijn, Wija, et Laura Sampietro-Colom, dir. The VALIDATE handbook. An approach on the integration of values in doing assessments of health technologies. Radboud University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54195/ckhb1659.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is defined as a multidisciplinary process that uses explicit methods to determine the value of a health technology at different points in its lifecycle. The purpose is to inform decision-making in order to promote an equitable, efficient, and high-quality health system. The definition reflects that facts and values are intertwined in HTA. This means that HTA should be considered as a type of policy analysis, wherein the assessment of safety, clinical and cost implications of health technologies, as well as their wider ethical, legal, social, organizational, environmental and other implications is conducted from the view that these aspects are closely interrelated, and wherein stakeholders are involved in a more productive way throughout the process of HTA. Acknowledging this holds the potential of conducting assessments of health technologies in a way that supports deliberative democratic decision making. In the 2018-2021 EU Erasmus+ strategic partnerships project “VALues In Doing Assessments ofhealthcare TEchnologies” (VALIDATE), a consortium of seven academic and HTA organizations have developed an approach to HTA that allows for the integration of empirical analysis and normative inquiry. The VALIDATE handbook: an approach on the integration of values in doing assessments of health technologies offers the reader an opportunity to get acquainted with the theoretical considerations and apprehend the associated practical and organizational implications of this approach. It offers those interested in HTA to integrate empirical analysis and normative inquiry in a transparent way.
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Kuenzle, Dominique. John Stuart Mill. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190225100.003.0011.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Philosophical thinking about pleasure today, especially in the context of normative ethics, is deeply influenced by the concept’s function within Bentham’s and Mill’s utilitarianism, according to which the moral quality of any action depends on its tendency to “maximize pleasure” and “minimize pain.” According to Mill’s own philosophy of science and language, the content and function of “pleasure” is determined by its role in scientific induction, specifically within the associationist psychological theory Mill shares with his father, James Mill. Pleasures, it turns out, are qualities of sensations with inductive links to other mental states, the power to explain actions, and the potential for being physiologically explained. The semantic content of “pleasure” as a general name, and thus the content of the moral precepts set up by Mill’s principle of utility, must be thought of as responsive to inductive progress in associationist psychology, ethology, and neuroscience.
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Li, Madeline, Joshua Rosenblat et Gary Rodin. Psychopharmacologic Management of Anxiety and Depression. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491857.003.0005.
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Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent in patients with cancer. Defining the quality and severity of these symptoms, along with ruling out other causes for them, is required before treatment is initiated. The continuum of symptoms of depression or anxiety ranges from a normative response to more severe symptoms. Pharmacological management of depression and anxiety should be reserved for the latter, often in conjunction with psychotherapeutic interventions. Relative efficacy, adverse effects, and potential drug–drug interactions should be considered in the selection of medications. Antidepressants are first line in the treatment of both major depression and anxiety disorders. Antipsychotics may also be considered if antidepressant monotherapy yields only a partial response. Psychostimulants may be considered when time is short and when there are associated symptoms of fatigue or anergia. The short-term judicious use of benzodiazepines may also be considered for situational or severe anxiety, until an antidepressant takes effect.
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Dorsey, Dale. The Focus of Interpersonal Morality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828310.003.0003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
An important question that a theory of morality must answer concerns morality’s focus: what about people matters? What do we take into consideration when we consider a person from the moral point of view? This paper discusses two answers to this question, and proposes a third. The first, and perhaps most obvious, answer is welfarist: what matters about people, from the moral point of view, is their well-being, the quality of their lives. But a welfarist account of the focus of interpersonal morality has faced a number of challenges, to which a preferentist account has been thought to adequately respond. However, this paper argues that neither a welfarist nor a preferentist account of the focus of morality is adequate. It proposes an alternative, according to which the focus of morality can and should reflect the special normative circumstances that people inhabit given their normatively significant roles, associations, or commitments.
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Barry, John. Green Political Economy. Sous la direction de Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer et David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.30.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter outlines the main features of green political economy and how it differs from dominant orthodox neo-classical economics. Neo-classical economics is critiqued on the grounds of its false presentation of itself as “objective” and “value neutral.” Its ecologically irrational commitment to the imperative of orthodox economic growth as a permanent feature of the economy compromises its ability to offer realistic or normatively compelling guides to how we might make the transition to a sustainable economy. Green political economy is presented as an alternative form of economic thinking but one which explicitly expresses its normative/ideological value bases. It also challenges the commitment to undifferentiated economic growth as a permanent objective of the human economy. In its place, it promotes “economic security” and a post-growth economy. The latter includes the transition to a low-carbon energy economy, and is one which maximizes quality of life and actively seeks to lower socio-economic inequality.
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Kellner, Menachem. Maimonides on Holiness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796497.003.0007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Two views of the nature of holiness are outlined in this chapter. According to one, which we may call ontological or essentialist, holy places, persons, times, and objects are ontologically distinct from (and religiously superior to) profane places, persons, times, and objects. This distinction is part of the universe. On the second view, holy places, persons, times, and objects are in no objective way distinct from profane places, persons, times, and objects; holiness is a status, not a quality of existence. It is a challenge, not a given; normative, not descriptive. It is institutional (in the sense of being part of a system of laws) and hence contingent. This sort of holiness does not reflect objective reality, it helps constitute social reality. On this view, holy places, persons, times, and objects are indubitably holy, and must be treated with all due respect, but they are, in and of themselves, like all other places, persons, times, and objects. What is different about them is the way in which the Torah commands that they be treated. It is argued here that Maimonides adhered to the second, non-essentialist, view of holiness.
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Collin, Peter, Gerd Bender et Stefan Ruppert, dir. Regulierte Selbstregulierung im frühen Interventions- und Sozialstaat. Klostermann, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783465141600.
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Regulierte Selbstregulierung vollzieht sich in Regelungsstrukturen, die staatliche und private Gestaltungsanteile bei der Wahrnehmung gemeinwohlrelevanter Angelegenheiten miteinander kombinieren. Sie lassen sich auch historisch verorten. Rechtshistorische Aufmerksamkeit richtet sich dabei auf die juristischen Konturen. Dieser Band, entstanden im Rahmen des Projekts "Regulierte Selbstregulierung in rechtshistorischer Perspektive", einem Teilprojekt des Frankfurter Excellenzclusters "Die Herausbildung normativer Ordnungen", schließt in zeitlicher Hinsicht an den bereits vorliegenden Band "Selbstregulierung im 19. Jahrhundert - zwischen Autonomie und staatlichen Steuerungsansprüchen" an. Lag dort der Schwerpunkt auf der Genese von Selbstregulierung und auf deren juristischer und publizistisch-politischer Reflexion vornehmlich in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts, so widmet sich dieser Band Erscheinungsformen regulierter Selbstregulierung im späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert. Der Grund für einen derartigen zeitlichen Schnitt liegt in der Tatsache, dass der in Deutschland ab den 1870er Jahren aufkommende Interventions- und Sozialstaat eine neue Qualität regulierter Selbstregulierung schuf und sie für eine Vielzahl öffentlicher Aufgaben als maßgebliches Organisationsmuster erst etablierte.
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Botti, Federica. L'Eutanasia in Svizzera. Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg233.
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Tra i paesi che consentono il ricorso all’eutanasia, la Svizzera presenta elementi peculiari e caratteristici. Il suo codice penale punisce, ancora oggi, sia l’aiuto al suicidio sia l’omicidio su richiesta. Non viene punito chi ha provocato la morte di un altro senza motivi egoistici o di interesse, affidando in questo modo la gestione delle attività di fine vita all’autotutela. Questo volume, facendo ricorso alle categorie del pluralismo ideologico e normativo, ricostruisce le basi teoriche, giuridiche e filosofiche, del modo di operare dell’ordinamento svizzero, dando conto delle recenti modifiche della Costituzione e inquadrando le pratiche di fine vita nel contesto del sistema sanitario elvetico. L’autrice ricostruisce con puntigliosa attenzione le disposizioni emanate dall’Accademia Svizzera delle Scienze Mediche (ASSM) in materia di cure palliative e di ricorso alle pratiche eutanasiche e analizza le disposizioni che regolano il testamento di fine vita e il ruolo del diritto tutorio, i riflessi del ricorso alle pratiche eutanasiche in rapporto alla stipula delle assicurazioni sulla vita e la funzione di associazioni di sostegno al suicidio assistito, quali Exit e Dignitas. Introduzione di Marco Ventura.
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Mattioli, Fabiana. Giustiniano, gli argentarii e le loro attività negoziali. Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg298.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Il volume ha per oggetto la legislazione di epoca giustinianea relativa alle attività finanziarie e commerciali degli argentarii. L’insieme degli interventi normativi giustinianei viene preso in esame in una trattazione unitaria (ma senza che ciò comporti il sacrificio della trama esegetica – talvolta complessa – dei singoli provvedimenti) volta ad affrontare, dopo gli episodici (benché rilevanti) interventi realizzati dalla cancelleria già all’epoca delle compilazioni, un corpus di norme, essenzialmente riconducibile al periodo della legislazione novellare, che risulta nel suo complesso compatto e omogeneo, sia quanto ai tempi di emanazione (che vanno quasi certamente dal 536 al 542), sia per le linee di politica legislativa, di sostanziale favore, che esprime nei confronti della corporazione degli ἀργυροπρᾶται costantinopolitani. In un contesto in cui non si rinuncia a collocare la legislazione oggetto della ricerca nel quadro politico ed economico del tempo, ne scaturisce un quadro articolato delle svariate attività a loro riconducibili rispetto alle quali, in deroga al diritto comune, tende a configurarsi un diritto marcato da una spiccata specialità, espressione della volontà di un legislatore pronto a sacrificare alle esigenze della corporazione regole e principi consolidati.
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Brazier, John, Julie Ratcliffe, Joshua Saloman et Aki Tsuchiya. Measuring and Valuing Health Benefits for Economic Evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725923.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This is the second edition of the first comprehensive textbook about the measurement and valuation of health benefits for economic evaluation. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and similar agencies around the word require cost-effectiveness evidence in the form of incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) in order to make comparisons across competing demands on resources, and this has resulted in an explosion of theoretical and empirical work in the field. This book addresses the theoretical and practical considerations in the measurement and valuation of health benefit with empirical examples and applications to help clarify understanding and make relevant links to the real world. It includes a glossary of key terms and provides guidance on the use of different methods and instruments. This updated edition provides an-up-to date review of the theoretical basis of the QALY; the definition of health; the techniques of valuation (including ordinal); the modelling of health state values (including mapping between measures); a detailed review of generic preference-based measures and other instruments for obtaining health state utility values (with recent developments); cross-cultural issues (including the disability-adjusted life year); the aggregation of QALYs; and the practical issues surrounding the use of utility values in cost-effectiveness models. The book concludes with a discussion on the way forward in light of the substantial methodological differences, the role of normative judgements, and where further research is most likely to take forward this fascinating component of health economics.
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Bratman, Michael E. Planning, Time, and Self-Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867850.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Our human capacity for planning agency plays central roles in the cross-temporal organization of our agency, in our acting and thinking together, and in our self-governance. Intentions can be understood as states in such a planning system. The practical thinking essential to this planning capacity is guided by norms that enjoin synchronic plan consistency and coherence as well as forms of plan stability over time. This book’s essays aim to deepen our understanding of these norms and defend their status as norms of practical rationality for planning agents. General guidance by these planning norms has many pragmatic benefits, especially given our cognitive and epistemic limits. But appeal to these pragmatic benefits does not fully explain the normative force of these norms in application to the particular case. In response, some think these norms are norms of theoretical rationality on belief; or are constitutive of agency; or are just a myth. These essays chart an alternative path, which sees these planning norms as tracking conditions of a planning agent’s self-governance, both at a time and over time. This path articulates associated models of self-governance; it appeals to the agent’s end of her self-governance over time; and it argues that this end is rationally self-sustaining. This end is thereby in a position to play a role in our planning framework that is analogous to the role of a concern with quality of will within the framework of the reactive attitudes, as understood by Peter Strawson.
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Lepoutre, Maxime. Democratic Speech in Divided Times. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869757.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Democratic Speech in Divided Times offers a comprehensive account of the norms that should govern public discourse in circumstances marked by deep and often unjust social divisions. Part I investigates what forms of democratic speech are desirable in these settings. This part shows, firstly, that some forms of public discourse that are symptomatic of division can nevertheless play a crucial democratic function. In particular, it argues that emotionally charged speech—and most notably, speech voicing deep anger—plays a fundamental role in overcoming entrenched epistemic divisions and in facilitating the exchange of shared reasons. This part also examines how, in contrast, other characteristic features of the public discourse of divided societies endanger democratic life. Here, the argument considers the proliferation of hate speech and misinformation, and examines what forms of democratic speech should be used to combat them. Part II considers how realistic the foregoing account of public discourse is. Specifically, it assesses the complications that arise from intergroup antipathy, pervasive political ignorance, and the fragmentation of the public sphere. The normative picture of public discourse that this book defends can largely withstand these problems. And, while these social conditions do qualify the value of democratic speech in some respects, they are at least as problematic for political ideals that give up on inclusive democratic speech altogether. Accordingly, while realising the ideal of democratic speech that this book outlines is challenging, we should not lose patience with this task.
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Mantovani, Marco. Contributo ad uno studio sul disvalore di azione nel sistema penale vigente. Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg275.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Il lavoro si incentra sul tema del rapporto fra disvalore di azione e disvalore di evento nella cornice della dimensione sostanziale e [i ]strutturale dell’illecito penale. Sotto il primo profilo, distaccandosi dall’opinione più sedimentata e dominante che, in nome dell’identificazione nel reato in un fatto lesivo di un bene giuridico, tende a estromettere qualsiasi rilevanza al disvalore della condotta e delle note soggettive che la contrassegnano, l’autore approfondisce, mettendone in luce limiti e incongruenze, quello che è il retroterra assiologico e normativo di questo orientamento, vale a dire il principio di offensività. Di quest’ultimo viene ricostruita la storia, tutta peculiarmente italiana, così da evidenziare le ragioni in forza delle quali in altre esperienze non si è avvertita l’esigenza di enuclearlo. Sempre in una prospettiva sostanziale, l’attenzione viene quindi focalizzata su campi di materia che sono in grado di mettere in discussione il primato del disvalore di evento, in senso sostanziale, rispetto al disvalore di azione. Sotto l’angolazione strutturale , vengono trattati gli aspetti concernenti tipologie di reato, o di sue manifestazioni, che, pur polarizzate su un evento o su un fatto naturalistico causalmente collegato alla condotta umana, hanno risentito del peso preminente attribuito dalla giurisprudenza al disvalore della condotta. Operato un raffronto ultimo con le istanze promananti dal principio di offensività, il lavoro si chiude con una breve postilla , nella quale l’autore suggerisce possibili alternative, de lege ferenda , atte a rimpiazzare le prestazioni che il principio di offensività non è in grado di adempiere.