Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Qs 130 »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Qs 130"
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Khuzaimah, Matsna, et Shinta Nurani. « Mubadalah in Divorce Rights : Interpretation of QS. An-Nisa Verse 128-130 Perspective of Gender Justice Reason ». AQWAL Journal of Qur'an and Hadis Studies 3, no 1 (26 juin 2022) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/aqwal.v3i1.5700.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article discusses gender justice in divorce rights in QS. an-Nisa verses 128 - 130 from the perspective of understanding mub is Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir. The purpose of this study was to determine the interpretation of QS. Al-Nisa verses 128 -130 according to Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir and the concept of divorce rights in the frame of gender justice perspective mafhum mub is Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir. The method used in this research is qualitative using the approach of Jorge G Gracia's Hermeneutic Theory of Interpretation.
The results of this study indicate that the interpretation of the right to divorce in QS. an-Nisa verses 128 -130 according to Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir are about the husband's turning away from his wife (Surat al-Nisa: 128), polygamy (Surat al-Nisa: 129), and the way to ask for a divorce (Surat al-Nisa: 130). Therefore understanding mub is to use the interpretation of the QS. Al-Nisa verse 128 - 130, Faqihuddin Abdul Kodir in accordance with the principles of gender justice, namely placing women and men in their rights, without hurting himself, the children and also the family around him
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Ligorría, Juan Pablo, et Lautaro Ponce. « Estructura cortical en el Istmo de Tehuantepec, México, usando ondas convertidas ». Geofísica Internacional 32, no 1 (1 janvier 1993) : 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.1993.32.1.1350.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A partir de registros analógicos en papel ahumado, obtenidos de un estudio de microsismicidad realizado en el Istmo de Tehuantepec en 1986, se determinan los espesores de la corteza terrestre en dicha zona. De la observación de fases Sp (S convertida a P) se infiere la posición de la interface que produjo las conversiones. Asimismo, de las amplitudes de las fases Sp y S, se estima el valor de los coeficientes de calidad Qs y Qp, en la corteza. Se consideran dos posibilidades: Qp = Qs y Qp =2Qs. Se obtuvo una estructura de corteza típicamente continental con un grosor promedio de 36 ± 3.2 km y una discontinuidad intermedia a una profundidad media de 22 ± 23 km. Los coeficientes de calidad del medio para la corteza por debajo de la red sismológica, son: Qs =76 (Qp = Qs) ó Qs =130 (Qp = 2Qs).doi: sin doi
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Emma Asyirotul Umami. « Kajian Kajian Semantik : Analisis Ragam Makna "Jangan" dalam Q.S. Ali 'Imran ». Madinah : Jurnal Studi Islam 10, no 2 (10 décembre 2023) : 266–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.58518/madinah.v10i2.1936.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Penelitian membahas mengenai ragam makna “jangan” dalam QS. Ali ‘Imran kajian Semantik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kata “jangan” yang terdapat pada QS. Ali ‘Imran , dan untuk menentukan ragam atau bentuk makna lain dari kata “jangan” dalam QS. Ali ‘Imran. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan pendekatan semantik. Sumber data primer yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahannya, beberapa tafsir masyhur. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni tekni baca dan catat. Sedangkan, analisis data dalam penelitian ini dengan menerapkan analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ragam makna “jangan” dalam QS. Ali’Imran dapat dikategorikan menjadi beberapa ragam yaitu; larangan bermakna Do’a terdapat pada ayat 8 dan ayat 194, larangan bermakna Irsyad terdapat pada ayat 28, ayat 60, ayat 73, ayat 102, ayat 103, ayat 105, ayat 118, ayat 130, ayat 156, ayat 176, ayat 196 , larangan bermaknaa Bayanu al-Aqibah terdapat pada ayat 169,ayat 178, ayat 180, ayat 188 , larangan bermakna I’tinas terdapat pada ayat 139,dan larangan bermakna Taubikh terdapat pada ayat 175 dan ayat 187. Ditemukannya berbagai ragam makna “jangan” yang terkandung dalam QS. Ali-‘Imran menunjukkan bahwa ragam larangan tersebut merupakan contoh yang Allah tunjukkan kepada manusia, agar manusia bisa mengambil hikmah dari ayat-ayat tersebut.
Kata Kunci: Makna “Jangan”, Kalimat Nahy, QS. Ali ‘Imran, Semantik.
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Abushahba, Mostafa F., Alexis S. Dadelahi, Emily L. Lemoine, Jerod A. Skyberg, Swati Vyas, Sagar Dhoble, Vinod Ghodake, Vandana B. Patravale et Jeffrey J. Adamovicz. « Safe Subunit Green Vaccines Confer Robust Immunity and Protection against Mucosal Brucella Infection in Mice ». Vaccines 11, no 3 (25 février 2023) : 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030546.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes significant negative impacts on the animal industry and affects over half a million people worldwide every year. The limited safety and efficacy of current animal brucellosis vaccines, combined with the lack of a licensed human brucellosis vaccine, have led researchers to search for new vaccine strategies to combat the disease. To this end, the present research aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a green vaccine candidate that combines Brucella abortus S19 smooth lipopolysaccharide (sLPS) with Quillaja saponin (QS) or QS-Xyloglucan mix (QS-X) against mucosal brucellosis in BALB/C mice. The results of the study indicate that administering two doses of either sLPS-QS or sLPS-QS-X was safe for the animals, triggered a robust immune response, and enhanced protection following intranasal challenge with S19. Specifically, the vaccine combinations led to the secretion of IgA and IgG1 in the BALF of the immunized mice. We also found a mixed IgG1/IgG2a systemic response indicating evidence of both Th1 and Th2 activation, with a predominance of the IgG1 over the IgG2a. These candidates resulted in significant reductions in the bioburden of lung, liver, and spleen tissue compared to the PBS control group. The sLPS-QS vaccination had conferred the greatest protection, with a 130-fold reduction in Brucella burdens in lung and a 55.74-fold reduction in the spleen compared to PBS controls. Vaccination with sLPS-QS-X resulted in the highest reduction in splenic Brucella loads, with a 364.6-fold decrease in bacterial titer compared to non-vaccinated animals. The study suggests that the tested vaccine candidates are safe and effective in increasing the animals’ ability to respond to brucellosis via mucosal challenge. It also supports the use of the S19 challenge strain as a safe and cost-effective method for testing Brucella vaccine candidates under BSL-2 containment conditions.
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Siebes, Maria, Steven A. J. Chamuleau, Martijn Meuwissen, Jan J. Piek et Jos A. E. Spaan. « Influence of hemodynamic conditions on fractional flow reserve : parametric analysis of underlying model ». American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 283, no 4 (1 octobre 2002) : H1462—H1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00165.2002.
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Pressure-based fractional flow reserve (FFR) is used clinically to evaluate the functional severity of a coronary stenosis, by predicting relative maximal coronary flow (Qs/Qn). It is considered to be independent of hemodynamic conditions, which seems unlikely because stenosis resistance is flow dependent. Using a resistive model of an epicardial stenosis (0–80% diameter reduction) in series with the coronary microcirculation at maximal vasodilation, we evaluated FFR for changes in coronary microvascular resistance ( R cor= 0.2–0.6 mmHg · ml−1 · min), aortic pressure (Pa = 70–130 mmHg), and coronary outflow pressure (Pb = 0–15 mmHg). For a given stenosis, FFR increased with decreasing Pa or increasing R cor. The sensitivity of FFR to these hemodynamic changes was highest for stenoses of intermediate severity. For Pb > 0, FFR progressively exceeded Qs/Qn with increasing stenosis severity unless Pb was included in the calculation of FFR. Although the Pb-corrected FFR equaled Qs/Qn for a given stenosis, both parameters remained equally dependent on hemodynamic conditions, through their direct relationship to both stenosis and coronary resistance.
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Qin, Ting, Kai Chen, Bingwen Xi, Liangkun Pan, Jun Xie, Liushen Lu et Kai Liu. « In Vitro Antibiofilm Activity of Resveratrol against Aeromonas hydrophila ». Antibiotics 12, no 4 (31 mars 2023) : 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12040686.
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Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative bacterium that widely exists in various aquatic environments and causes septicemia in fish and humans. Resveratrol, a natural polyterpenoid product, has potential chemo-preventive and antibacterial properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on A. hydrophila biofilm formation and motility. The results demonstrated that resveratrol, at sub-MIC levels, can significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of A. hydrophila, and the biofilm was decreased with increasing concentrations. The motility assay showed that resveratrol could diminish the swimming and swarming motility of A. hydrophila. Transcriptome analyses (RNA-seq) showed that A. hydrophila treated with 50 and 100 μg/mL resveratrol, respectively, presented 230 and 308 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 90 or 130 upregulated genes and 130 or 178 downregulated genes. Among them, genes related to flagellar, type IV pilus and chemotaxis were significantly repressed. In addition, mRNA of virulence factors OmpA, extracellular proteases, lipases and T6SS were dramatically suppressed. Further analysis revealed that the major DEGs involved in flagellar assembly and bacterial chemotaxis pathways could be regulated by cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP)- and LysR-Type transcriptional regulator (LTTR)-dependent quorum sensing (QS) systems. Overall, our results indicate that resveratrol can inhibit A. hydrophila biofilm formation by disturbing motility and QS systems, and can be used as a promising candidate drug against motile Aeromonad septicemia.
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Nasiri, Nasiri. « ANTARA BUNGA BANK DENGAN RIBA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PANDANGAN AL-QUR’AN ». Jurnal Keislaman 1, no 1 (5 octobre 2021) : 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54298/jk.v1i1.3348.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Bunga bank sangat erat dengan konsep riba. Riba dibicarakan oleh al-Qur’an melalui empat tahapan, mirip dengan pertahapan pengharaman khamr (minuman keras). Tahap pertama sekedar menggambarkan adanya unsur negatif, yaitu surat al-Rum ayat 39. Kemudian disusul dengan isyarat tentang keharamannya (QS. Al-Nisa’: 161). Selanjutnya pada tahap ketiga, secara tegas dinyatakan keharaman salah satu bentuknya, yaitu yang berlipat ganda (QS. Ali 'Imran: 130). Terakhir, pengharaman total dan dalam berbagai bentuknya yaitu pada QS. Al-Baqarah 275-279.
Islam melarang bunga bank (riba) dengan beberapa alasan, antara lain: pertama, karena Allah dan Rasul-Nya melarang atau mengharamkannya. Kedua, karena bunga bank menghendaki pengambilan harta orang lain dengan tidak ada imbalannya (batil). Ketiga, dengan melakukan praktik ‘membungakan” uang, orang menjadi malas berusaha yang sah menurut shara'. Keempat, bila praktik ini sudah mendarahdaging pada seseorang, maka orang tersebut lebih suka beternak uang, karena ternak uang akan mendapatkan keuntungan yang lebih besar dari pada dagang dan dikerjakan dengan tidak susah payah. Kelima, membungakan uang menyebabkan putusnya perbuatan baik terhadap sesama manusia dengan cara hutang-piutang atau menghilangkan faidah hutang-piutang, maka riba lebih cenderung memeras orang miskin daripada menolong orang miskin.
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Putra, Afriadi, Safira Malia Hayati et Muhammad Yasir. « Reinterpretation Of Polygamy Verses ». QOF 5, no 2 (15 décembre 2021) : 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/qof.v5i2.8.
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Maqashidi interpretation is able to provide new breakthroughs in the approach to understanding the Qur'an. The development of this study continues to be of interest. Maqashidi interpretation as a philosophy of interpretation will give a new spirit, not only in the product of the interpretation of the Qur'an, but also in the process of interpretation. The term maqashidi is not a new term because it was previously used in relation to shari'ah (maqashid as-Shari'ah). This is very much in accordance with the statement of the Qur'an which is pious kulli zaman wa makan. Maqashidi interpretation is generally used in interpreting legal verses. In this article, we discuss two focuses. First, how is the commentator's interpretation of the QS. An-Nisa'[4] verse 3, 128-130. Second, how is the application and analysis of maqashidi interpretation in QS. An-Nisa'[4] verses 128-130. The method that the author uses is the thematic method, which is discussing the verses based on a set theme. Aims to gain a focused understanding of the reinterpretation of polygamous verses with a review of maqashidi interpretations. This article is expected to be able to contribute to the Indonesian Muslim community in understanding the verses about the law contained in this polygamy and monogamy theme.
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Fauziah, Achmad Abubakar et Halimah Basri. « Praktik Penyaluran Modal dari Rentenir ke Pedagang (Studi pada Pasar Induk Wonomulyo Kecamatan Wonomulyo) ». Syarikat : Jurnal Rumpun Ekonomi Syariah 5, no 1 (30 juin 2022) : 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/syarikat.2022.vol5(1).9524.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktik dari distribusi modal usaha dari rentenir ke pedagang, pandangan pedagang terhadap praktik penyakuran modal usaha dari rentenir, dan faktor-faktor peminjaman modal kepada rentenir. Penelitian deskriptif merupakan jenis penelitian yang digunakan, dimana pendekatannya adalah fenomenologi dan empiris, jenis data yaitu data primer dan sekunder. Teknik dalam pengumpulan data adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya uji keabsahan data dengan triangulasi. Kemudian dianalisis dengan model interaksi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) pendistribusian modal usaha dari rentenir ke pedagang yang ada di pasar induk Wonomulyo, ada tiga model penyaluran dilakukan pertama pihak rentenir ke pasar tempat pedagang berjualan, kedua pihak rentenir mendatangi rumah pedagang yang mengeluh kekurangan modal dan menawarkan pinjaman kepada pedagang dengan tidak menggunakan jaminan dan ketiga pihak pedagang yang mendatangi alamat tempat tinggal rumah rentenir skarena mengenal rentenir tersebut (2) pandangan pedagang terbagi 2 ada yang menganggap bahwa meminjam uang kerentenir sangat membantu usaha mereka karena dengan bantuan modal yang ada tanpa jaminan dan ada juga mengatakan bahwa meminjam kerentenir uang sama saja meminjam uang di bank karena sama-sama menetapkan bunga pengembalian. Selain pedagang lain menggangap meminjam kerentenir adalah dosa sesuai dengan firman Allah SWT dalam QS. Ar Ruum:39, QS An Nisaa:160-161, QS Ali Imran:130 dan QS Al Baqarah:278 dan juga jebakan yang dibuat oleh rentenir seolah-olah membantu padahal menjerat orang-orang yang mendapatkan kesusahaan untuk diri sendiri; dan (3) peminjaman modal ke rentenir karena kondisi yang memaksa dimana pedagang membutuhkan modal dan faktor selanjutnya kemudahan dalam memberikan pinjaman.
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Faqih, Muhammad Khikman, Jaka Ghianovan et Ida Kurnia Shofa. « Maintaining Children's Character in the Perspective of QS. al-Ankabut Verse 45 ». Jurnal Semiotika-Q : Kajian Ilmu al-Quran dan Tafsir 4, no 1 (3 juin 2024) : 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/jsq.v4i1.22615.
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يشكل التقدم في التكنولوجيا والمعلومات تهديدا لشخصية جيل الأمة. وتوضح بيانات لجنة حماية الطفل الإندونيسية أن عدد الأطفال ضحايا الجرائم الجنسية يبلغ 314 طفلا، في حين يبلغ عدد الأطفال ضحايا العنف الجسدي والنفسي 130 حالة. إحدى أشكال العبادة التي يمكن أن تؤثر على أخلاق الشخص هي الصلاة، وهذا موضح في سورة الأنجبوت الآية 45. الهدف من هذا البحث هو وصف دراسة تفسير سورة الأنجبوت الآية 45 من وجهات نظر مختلفة في الحفاظ على الأطفال. شخصية. يستخدم هذا البحث أساليب البحث المكتبي التي تم جمعها من خلال الكتب والموسوعات والقواميس والمجلات والوثائق والمجلات وما إلى ذلك. وفي هذا البحث يتبين أن الصلاة على الوجه الصحيح تمنع مرتكبها من الوقوع في المعاصي والمنكرات، وذلك لظهور نور في القلب يمنعه من الاقتراب من المعصية ويوجهه إلى أعمال الرب. في مواجهة تحديات اليوم، يمكن الحفاظ على شخصية الأطفال من خلال توفير التنوير حول الصلاة، والتعلم عن الصلاة وممارستها بشكل جيد.
Livres sur le sujet "Qs 130"
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Grant's Dissector. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Qs 130"
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« QS 9 Q5:109–120 ». Dans The Qur'an Seminar Commentary / Le Qur'an Seminar, 111–17. De Gruyter, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110445909-014.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Qs 130"
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San Andrés, Luis, Zihan Ouyang et Yudi Qin. « Effect of Reduced Oil Flow Rate on the Performance of a Load on Pad Journal Bearing : Flooded vs. Evacuated Conditions ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2023 : Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2023-103242.
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Abstract Means to decrease the energy consumption of tilting pad journal bearings (TPJBs) without affecting their performance and structural integrity are mandatory in a cost efficient operation. Reducing the lubricant flow supplied to a bearing is a distinct method to diminish drag power losses along with savings in oil storage and pump equipment. However, a too low flow remains questionable in industrial practice. Starved flow conditions produce hot pad surfaces that could lead to Babbitt failure; and under certain loads, generate subsynchronous vibrations (SSV). This paper aims to resolve some of the issues above via measurements of the load performance conducted with a four-pad TPJB configured as load-on-pad (LOP) and having its ends sealed or open to make flooded and evacuated conditions. Prior measurements were conducted with the same bearing under load-between-pads (LBP); see Refs. [1,2]. The nominal supplied flow (Q) of ISO VG 46 oil at 60 °C is proportional to shaft speed (max. 12 krpm: 62.8 m/s surface speed). In the tests, the flow Qs ranges from 1.5 Q to just ¼ Q, and the applied units load reaches 2.07 MPa. Compared to the flooded bearing, the evacuated bearing produces a slightly larger eccentricity across the range of flow rates. For a unit load = 2.07 MPa and shaft speed of 6 or 12 krpm, the highest pad subsurface temperature reaches ∼ 130° C for Qs below 50% nominal. For both bearings, flooded or evacuated, drag power losses decrease ∼30% as the oil flow drops from 100% to 50% Q. As the oil flow increases to 1.5 Q, the drag power increases ∼10% for both bearing types at 6 krpm and for the flooded one at 12 krpm, while the evacuated bearing shows a reduction of ∼7%. The drag power grows as the static load increases; the evacuated bearing producing up to ∼ 40% lesser power loss than the flooded bearing. Both bearings produce similar size direct stiffnesses though largely orthotropic, Kyy >> Kxx. Direct damping coefficients Cxx ∼ Cyy increase with shaft speed and unit load but dramatically decrease as Qs drops, in particular for the evacuated bearing. The current measurements and those in Refs. [1,2] demonstrate that LOP and LBP bearings can safely operate with 50% of nominal flow thus saving drag power and without too large pad temperature rises. Alas, too low Qs produce a significant reduction in the damping coefficient orthogonal to the applied load direction. The effect is most evident in the LOP evacuated bearing which is most prone to show SSV Hash.
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Di Trapani, P., S. Amati, M. Bondani, A. Andreoni, G. Cavalcabo et E. Zanzottera. « Double-Frequency Harmonic Mode Locking in a Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser ». Dans The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.cthi56.
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The harmonic mode locking (ML), i.e. the modulation of resonator losses at a frequency that is an integer multiple N of the fundamental mode spacing, has been a technique intensively studied for achieving minimum pulse duration in low-gain actively mode locked continuos wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser (see refs. [1, 2] and references therein). The experiment we have performed concerns the first demonstration of the harmonic ML on an high-gain QS Nd:YAG laser, operated at 10 Hz repetition rate. To avoid the generation of several pulses per round-trip we implemented the ML by simultaneously operating two phase-locked acousto-optic modulators (AOM) with N=3 (radio frequency: RF=150 MHz) and N=4 (Rf=200 MHz), placed at 1/3 and 1/4 of the resonator length, respectively. By operating a stable cavity in QS ML regime we observed that the short buildup time allowed by the QS was not sufficient to let the ML to evolve to the stationary regime, so that the generated pulses resulted surrounded by a≈1 ns long pedestal and satellites exist placed at 1/3 and 1/4 of the cavity length. To increment the build-up time we realised a simple kind of prelasing by slightly rotating the QS quarter-wave plate and letting the laser starting to oscillate in free running (FR) ML regime. When the first FR spike was developed, a photodiode triggered the QS to allow the seeding pulse to be amplified up to gain saturation. The amplified ML train contains 4-5 pulses whose duration, measured by SH scanning autocorrelation, was =100 ps FWHM. A typical autocorrelation trace is given in Fig. 1. No satellites were present in this regime. With the laser operated with 80% output coupling, the maximum pulse-train energy, set by the damage threshold of resonator optics, was ≈10 mJ. The shot-to-shot energy fluctuations at the fundamental wavelength were below 5%, while below 8% those at the SH, indicating the high energy and temporal stability's of the generated pulses.
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Aldhafeeri, Alwaleed, Talha Yerebakan, Yoon-Soo Jang, Minh A. Tran, Tin Komljenovic et Chee Wei Wong. « Frequency noise metrology of SiN microresonators with Qs of 100 million at the thermodynamical bounds ». Dans CLEO : Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2023.sw4l.2.
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The thermorefractive noise of a high-quality factor silicon nitride resonator is measured in a vacuum chamber using Hz-linewidth laser. This scheme allows noise measurement without being concerned about laser frequency noise or environmental effects
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Runnebaum, IB, F. Hilpert, A. du Bois et P. Harter. « Therapy of ovarian cancer (OC) in Germany – Treatment characteristics QS OVAR 2016 ». Dans Kongressabstracts zur 13. Jahrestagung der Mitteldeutschen Gesellschaft für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe e.V. (MGFG). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692077.
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Saczalski, Kenneth J., Mark N. West, Todd K. Saczalski, Luis Frausto et Mark C. Pozzi. « Test Analysis of Youth and Adult Football Helmet Head Injury Risk Resulting From Repeat Impacts in High Humidity and Temperature ». Dans ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70754.
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Design of an optimally safe football helmet system requires an awareness and evaluation of the factors and variables that can adversely affect the impact attenuating performance of energy absorbing (EA) pad materials needed to minimize transmission of linear and rotational forces applied to the head so that risk of head injury is reduced. For instance, player head sweating can induce high temperatures and moisture within a helmet system (i.e. a Hot-Wet condition) which can result in degradation of helmet EA capacity and cause increased measures of head injury risk levels, which are often used for comparative evaluation of helmet designs. In this study, a “multivariable” experimental method was utilized to demonstrate an efficient means for assessment and comparison of currently representative adult and youth football helmet system designs when subjected to a range of variables that included, among other factors: temperature-moisture effects; impact energy; and, repeat impacts. Both quasi-static (QS) compression testing of commonly used EA materials and dynamic impact testing of full helmet systems were conducted and the results are presented in Tables and graphic form. The EA pad types that were QS tested included: Thermoplastic-Polyurethane (TPU) “waffle shaped” EA pad configurations; load rate sensitive “Gel” foam padding; and, dual and single density elastomeric foam padding. Dynamic helmet repeat impact tests were conducted by using a pendulum impact test device where various helmet designs were mounted to a Hybrid-III head and neck system and impacted against a non-yielding surface at energy levels of 108J and 130J after being subjected to ambient and Hot-Wet conditions. The QS tests showed that a short Hot-Wet soak time of only a few hours’ noticeably diminished EA levels. Also, the dynamic full helmet system testing demonstrated that the “Hot-Wet” condition tended to degrade helmet impact attenuation performance such that, depending on the size and type of EA material provided in the crush zone, head injury risk measures tended to increase. Finally, examples of the use and benefits of a “multivariable” experimental method for helmet injury risk assessment, not reported on previously, are provided.
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Revenko, Ivan, Vasyl Khmelovskyi, Yulii Revenko, Victor Rebenko et Svitlana Potapova. « Justification of parameters affecting increase of hammer crusher productivity ». Dans 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf142.
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The analysis of the efficiency of the particle sizes of the feed components used in feed rations resulted in proof of the significance of the feed particle size not only while feeding animals with loose dry or wet mixtures but also with feed granules. The study showed that to increase the efficiency of hammer crushers it is relevant to substantiate the parameters of the hammer rotor and the method the raw materials are supplied into the crusher’s working chamber. The experiment involved a stand, which enabled determining the strength of stems while being broken. A sieve classifier was applied to measure the average particle size of the ground products. The rotor speed was monitored electronically and duplicated by a manual tachometer. The average diameter of clover samples was 1.64 mm and correspondingly 3.3 mm of lupine; the length of the samples was 50 and 100 mm. The breaking force on a clover stalk with 13.2% of moisture was 97 N max and 4.4 N min, and correspondingly in the case of a lupine stalk – 22.7 N max and 1.5 N min with 12.3% of moisture. In our case, grinding clover and lupine hay with the minimal energy density Qs, 60 m·s-1 was considered to be the efficient speed of the hammers υм, and the grinding modulus М was within 1.0-1.3 mm. With the different values of the hammer speed and the crusher grinding chamber width of 180 mm, the results of the experimental studies showed that regardless of a supply method and a type of processed raw materials, the output of the ground products was distributed quite unevenly across the width of the working chamber. However, it was found that the peripheral feeding method was significantly more effective than a central one, since the quicker the work was done, the more efficient it became. While at speed υм = 30 m·s-1, the unevenness of the product output under the central supply method was greater than that of the peripheral one only in 8-14%, at speed υм = 75-80 m·s-1 this difference reached 20-32%.
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Jafri, T., T. J. Dougherty et B. W. Yang. « Local and Non-Local Correlations for Critical Heat Flux at Low and Medium Pressures ». Dans ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0116.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The local and non-local correlations [1] developed based on more than 10,000 Critical Heat Flux (CHF) data points arc reviewed and the effects of the pressure and Peclet number are examined under low and medium pressure conditions (up to 110 bar). Examination of CHF data from many sources covering a wide range of operating conditions, reveals that both local and non-local CHF data exist with different dependencies on operating conditions, and different correlations are required to represent these data. These two distinct types of correlations imply the existence of at least two distinct mechanisms for CHF. Instead of the equilibrium quality, X, the true mass fraction, Xt, based on a non-equilibrium, homogeneous model, was used in developing the CHF correlations. The true mass fraction was calculated from a simple kinetic model based on an extension of the Saha-Zuber (S-Z, 1974) correlation for the Onset of Significant Vaporization (OSV). In this model, Xt is a function of exit equilibrium quality, X; the quality at OSV, Xo, and the quality at which significant vaporization begins Xb; estimated from the Saha-Zuber (S-Z) correlation. This model contains no adjustable parameters. When Xi < Xo (both negative), Xb = Xo and Xt is independent of Xi, and is a function of local variables only. When CHF is determined by local conditions (G, Xt, and P), the correlation is a local correlation. For Xi > Xo, Xb = Xi, and Xt depends on Xi, a nonlocal variable, and, in this case, CHF, even when determined by local conditions (G, Xt, and P), obeys a nonlocal correlation. This model appears to be satisfactory for pressures less than 110 bar, where the S-Z correlation is known to be reliable. Above 110 bar the method of calculating Xo, and consequently Xt, appears to fail. This paper will focus on the low pressure range, pressures up to 35 bar or 500 psia, and medium pressure range, pressures from 35 (500 psia) to 110 bar (1500 psia). In this study, two regimes of CHF are observed which will be referred to as the high CHF regime and the low CHF regime. In the high CHF regime, for pressures less than 110 bar, CHF (qc) is determined by local conditions and is accurately represented by qc = (1.2/D1/2)exp[-γ(GXt)1/2], where the parameter γ is an increasing function of pressure only. Most of the medium pressure CHF data, but not all, fall in this regime. For the medium pressure range, 500 psia to 1500 psia, the pressure dependency is given by γ = 0.12 (P/Pc)1/2. Below 35 bar (500 psia), based on the limited amount of local CHF data, the pressure dependency of this local condition appears to be very weak and γ is approximately 0.05. Below 35 bar, the bulk of the available data lies in the low CHF regime and appears to be nonlocal. For Peclet numbers less than 70,000, the two-parameter, nonlocal correlationqs/qc=d+A{1-exp[-B(Xo-Xi)]} correlates the low pressure data reasonably well. The parameters A and B are functions of pressure only. The variable qs = −λGXiD/4L is the heat flux to produce an exit quality of zero (saturation heat flux), and d is a dimensionless variable defined as D/4LS, where S is the value of the Stanton number at OSV, as predicted by the Saha-Zuber correlation, and is a function of Peclet number. The coefficient A increases with pressure and the coefficient B varies inversely with pressure. The best fit values of A and B are presented for each range of pressure up to 41 bar.