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1
Akanshu, Sharma, et Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, dir. Experimental and analytical investigation on behavior of scaled down reinforced concrete framed structure under monotonic pushover loads. Mumbai : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2008.
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Akanshu, Sharma, et Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, dir. Experimental and analytical investigation on behavior of scaled down reinforced concrete framed structure under monotonic pushover loads. Mumbai : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2008.
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Durakova, Irina, Aleksandra Mitrofanova, Tat'yana Rahmanova, Ekaterina Mayer, Marina Holyavka, Ol'ga Gerr, Asya Vavilova et al. Personnel management in Russia : from the ego to the ecosystem. ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1567065.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The monograph contains the results of research concerning, firstly, the ecosystem as a response to the challenges of the XXI century. Secondly, the problems of labor longevity and success in organizations that form an ecosystem approach to working with personnel, including through the use in practice of biomedical factors, socio-economic conditions, nagging as a "soft power" to push older workers to productive work. Thirdly, the realities and problems of combining work and private life, studied from several positions. Among them: the formation of corporate policy, corporate interest, professional orientation; the actual balance of "work — private life", as well as the optimization of labor behavior through the formation of a sense of self-esteem in the workplace, the management of employees ' experience. Fourth, systematization of the results of the health management study, taking into account the experience gained during the coronavirus pandemic — occupational safety management, health promotion in the organization, including the situation of self-isolation. Fifth, the concept of compliance in the personnel management system.
For students, undergraduates, postgraduates, doctoral students, researchers studying or conducting research in the field of personnel management, as well as the teaching staff of universities and employers.
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Pushed to the Edge : Inclusion and Behaviour Support in Schools. Policy Press, 2016.
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Gillies, Val. Pushed to the Edge : Inclusion and Behaviour Support in Schools. Policy Press, 2016.
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Gillies, Val. Pushed to the Edge : Inclusion and Behaviour Support in Schools. Policy Press, 2016.
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Pushed to the Edge : Inclusion and Behaviour Support in Schools. Policy Press, 2016.
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Experimental and analytical investigation on behavior of scaled down reinforced concrete framed structure under monotonic pushover loads. Mumbai : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2008.
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9
Allan, Sandra A. Behavior-based control of insect crop pests. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797500.003.0020.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Manipulation of insect behavior can provide the foundation for effective strategies for control of insect crop pests. A detailed understanding of life cycles and the behavioral repertoires of insect pests is essential for development of this approach. A variety of strategies have been developed based on behavioral manipulation and include mass trapping, attract-and-kill, auto-dissemination, mating and host plant location disruption, and push-pull. Insight into application of these strategies for insect pests within Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera/Thysanoptera are provided, but first with an overview of economic damage and traditional control approaches, and overview of relevant behavioral/ecological traits. Then examples are provided of how these different control strategies are applied for each taxonomic group. The future of these approaches in the context of altered crop development for repellency or as anti-feedants, the effects of climate change and the risks of behaviorally-based methods are discussed.
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Hoffman, Michael. Faith in Numbers. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197538012.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Why does religion sometimes promote democracy and sometimes do just the opposite? Theology alone cannot explain the wide variety of influences religion has on democratic attitudes and behaviours. This book presents a theory of religion, group interest, and democracy. Focusing on communal religion, it demonstrates that the effect of communal prayer on support for democracy depends on the interests of the religious group in question. For members of groups who would benefit from democracy, communal prayer increases support for democratic institutions; for citizens whose groups would lose privileges in the event of democratic reforms, the opposite effect is present. Evidence from Lebanon, Iraq, and elsewhere supports these claims. Communal religion increases the salience of sectarian identity, and therefore pushes respondents' regime attitudes into closer alignment with the interests of their sect.
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Gračanin, Asmir, Lauren M. Bylsma et Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets. The Communicative and Social Functions of Human Crying. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0012.
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Why do humans produce emotional tears? We propose that the answer to this question can be found in the interindividual functions of emotional crying. The basic assumption is that emotional tears represent a means of communication, which has evolved from distress or separation calls displayed by other animals as well. The reactions of others are the crucial factor that pushed forward the evolution of this phylogenetically new behavior. We substantiate this claim by discussing the ontogenetic development of crying, which sets the stage for explaining the ways this signal could have evolved. We further evaluate the signal value of tears in the context of the events and emotional states that precede or accompany crying, as well as of the consequences of crying for the crying individual. This allows us to conclude that tears predominantly represent a signal of helplessness and prosocial intentions.
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Hellwig, Timothy, Yesola Kweon et Jack Vowles. Democracy Under Siege ? Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846208.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
For the worlds democracies, the Global Financial Crisis of 2008–9 was catalyst for the most precipitous economic downturn in eight decades. This book examines how the GFC and ensuing Great Recession affected the workings of mass politics in the established democracies. The initial wave of research on the crisis concluded it did little to change the established relationships between voters, parties, and elections. Yet, nearly a decade since the initial shock, we are witnessing a wave of political changes, the extent to which has not been fully explained by existing studies. How did the economic malaise bear on the political preferences of citizens? This book pushes against the received wisdom by advancing a framework for understanding citizen attitudes, preferences, and behaviour. We make two main claims. First, while previous studies of the GFC tend to focus on an immediate impact of the crisis, we argue that economic malaise had a long-lasting impact. In addition to economic shock, we emphasize that economic recovery has a significant impact on citizens assessment of political elites. Second, we argue that unanticipated exogenous shocks like the GFC grant party elites an opening for political manoeuvre through public policy and rhetoric. As a result, political elites have a high degree of agency to shape public perceptions and behaviour. Political parties can strategically moderate citizens economic uncertainty, mobilize/demobilize voters, and alter individuals political preferences. By leveraging data from over 150,000 individuals across over 100 nationally representative post-election surveys from the 1990s to 2017, this book tests these research claims across a range of outcomes, including economic perceptions, policy demands, political participation, and the vote.
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Dowling, Michael, et Brian Lucey. The Future of Behavioral Finance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190269999.003.0030.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The future of behavioral finance necessitates that the research areas of behavioral corporate finance and investor psychology develop richer models of financial decision-making behavior. Behavioral corporate finance requires expanding the focus from chief executive officer characteristics to those of the entire top management team, and also involves greater understanding of organizational theory. A greater focus is needed on cross-cultural factors and how they interact with behavioral influences. Investor psychology needs a more comprehensive theory of the drivers of investor behavior and better data. This need is strong for investor sentiment research, which might offer the most potential to advance understanding of psychological influences on asset pricing. The chapter expands on these ideas and discusses an overall context of the future philosophical development of behavioral finance and the inevitable push for greater openness, replicability, and reliability in research.
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Fuller, Robert L. The Struggle for Cooperation. University Press of Kentucky, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813176628.001.0001.
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In August 1944 American troops entered Paris and pushed to liberate France. The French endured hardships and suffering to achieve liberation, and after the violence had passed, they were subjected to privations, requisitions, shortages, cold homes, and curbs on their sovereignty. Living with the American presence posed challenges for the French, and while the two countries did not always see eye to eye on issues of common concern, these issues offered possibilities to work together; accord and cooperation often won out. In The Struggle for Cooperation: Liberated France and the American Military,1944–1946, author Robert Fuller examines how the French and Americans handled various matters that demanded cooperation, including the requisition of French property, the treatment of Axis prisoners of war, care for displaced persons, the disposition of war booty, dealing with the prosperous black market, the utilization of French transportation networks, GIs’ behavior, and the effective American takeover of the port of Marseille. Fuller establishes how all these issues offered the possibility of working together peacefully or in conflict and concludes that—more often than not—the results were positive and amicable.
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Corsino, Louis. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038716.003.0006.
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This concluding chapter presents a more general discussion of the interrelationships between ethnicity, organized crime, and social capital, especially as it may apply to the contemporary context in Chicago Heights. This study connected the decades-long ‘success’ of the organized crime operation in Chicago Heights to the persistent balancing act between the resources of closure, violence, and brokerage. Too much or too little of one or another would be potentially damaging to this long-term success. Closure brings value to the organization because it promotes a familiarity and assumed level of trust between individuals. However, when there are strong ties binding groups together, certainty and predictability triumph over variability and innovation. Individuals are unaware of or reluctant to think through or even see new opportunities because the social networks place a premium on routine beliefs and behaviors. An antidote to the excesses of closure is violence. New ideas and new approaches were pushed forward by force and the elimination of opposition. Today, although Italian organized crime presence in Chicago Heights has significantly diminished, organized crime in Chicago Heights persists. African Americans and Latinos have largely taken over the vice operations.
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Krafft, Caroline, et Ragui Assaad, dir. The Egyptian Labor Market. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847911.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This book updates our understanding of how the Egyptian labor market, economy, and society have evolved in the aftermath of the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings, the subsequent political upheaval and substantial economic challenges that followed, and the economic reforms introduced in late 2016. Not only was job creation anemic over the period from 2012 to 2018, but new jobs were also of low-quality, characterized by informality and vulnerability to economic shocks. These challenges pushed many in Egypt, especially the most vulnerable, into a more precarious labor market situation. The book examines the plight of the most vulnerable groups by focusing on the intersection of gender and economic vulnerability in the labor market. With this emphasis on vulnerability and a lens that is sensitive to gender differences and inequities, the contributors to this volume use data from the most recent wave of a unique longitudinal survey to illuminate different aspects of Egyptians’ lives. The aspects they explore include labor supply behavior, the ability to access good quality and well-paying jobs, the evolution of wages and wage inequality, the school-to-work transition of youth, the decline in public sector employment, international and internal migration, the situation of rural women, access to social protection, food security, vulnerability to shocks and coping mechanisms, health status, and access to health care services. These analyses are prescient in understanding the axes of vulnerability in Egyptian society that became all too salient during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Hinshaw, Stephen P., et Katherine Ellison. ADHD. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190223809.001.0001.
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Rates of diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are skyrocketing, throughout America and the rest of the world. U.S. rates of youth diagnosis have increased 40% from just a decade ago. Adults with ADHD are now the fastest-growing segment of the population receiving diagnosis and medication. The disorder is painful and sometimes disabling for individuals and tremendously costly for society; yet, widespread misinformation, skepticism, and unanswered questions have jeopardized effective diagnosis and treatment. Researched and written by Stephen Hinshaw, an international expert on ADHD, and Katherine Ellison, a Pulitzer-Prize winning journalist and author, ADHD: What Everyone Needs to Know is the go-to book for authoritative, current, accurate, and compelling information about the global ADHD epidemic. This book addresses questions such as: • Is ADHD a genuine medical condition or a means of pathologizing active and exploratory behavior? • Do medications for ADHD serve as needed treatments, or are they attempts at social control, designed to bolster profits of pharmaceutical firms? • Has the ADHD label become a ruse by which parents can game the educational system for accommodations? • How do symptoms and impairments related to ADHD differ between girls and women and boys and men? • Why are ADHD medications often used as performance enhancers by college and high-school students? ADHD: What Everyone Needs to Know® clears the air of the most polarizing and misleading information that abounds, providing straight talk and sound guidelines for educators, policymakers, health professionals, parents, and the general public. It shows the reality of ADHD but does not ignore the forces that have pushed up rates of diagnosis to alarmingly high levels.
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Seligmann, Matthew S. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759973.003.0007.
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As this book has shown the common conception that ‘Churchill’s “radical phase” was cast to the winds’ when he was put in charge of the Navy in October 1911, although well established in the literature, is not, in fact, accurate.1 The radical President of the Board of Trade, eager to improve the lives of the poor, became the radical Home Secretary, no less enthusiastic for social reform, who then became the radical First Lord of the Admiralty, imbued with both a desire and, perhaps more importantly, a will to intervene in order to better conditions for those who served in the Royal Navy. Accordingly, he embarked upon a major programme of improvement across a wide range of different areas all of which affected the everyday life of sailors. Alcohol intake, sexual behaviour, religious practice, corporal punishment, as well as pay and equality of progression, all came under the spotlight while Churchill was First Lord. Of course, not all of the new measures were successful and not all were progressive in the modern understanding of the term, but all of them represented significant attempts to push forward a radical agenda for change....
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Schulkin, Jay. The CRF Signal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198793694.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This book discusses just how diverse a peptide corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) is, as demonstrated by its presence in various tissues in the body, including the skin, the placenta, and various regions of the brain. As Dobzhansky (1962) noted, in light of Darwin (1874), and beyond, CRF must be placed in the larger world of regulatory biology. Evolutionary trends do not proceed in a continuous one-dimensional direction; there are starts, turns, and abrupt ends. The study of CRF is mostly about diverse functions in physiological and behavioral regulation of the internal milieu and adapting to an ecological and or social context. The book begins with a depiction of the evolutionary origins of CRF in living things, dating back hundreds of millions of years. The book pushes the conception of CRF beyond the HPA axis and common knowledge. We study the role of CRF in metamorphosis and parturition. Further, CRF is a contributor to fear and anxiety, and the book explains how excessive fear is tied to anxiety disorders and vulnerability to the breakdown of mental and physical health. Also discussed is CRF in approach/avoidance behaviors across pre- and postnatal events. CRF is intimately involved in organ development, but it is also linked to devolution of function and conditions of danger. Cravings, addictions, and how CRF is tied both to the ingestion of diverse drugs and to withdrawal are explored. CRF is considered as an epistemic object, addressing what constitutes an information molecule, in general, and CRF, in particular.
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Bogue, Kelly. The Divisive State of Social Policy. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447350538.001.0001.
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Drawing on first person accounts and participant observation, this book looks in-depth at one of the UK government’s most controversial austerity policies, the ‘Bedroom Tax’. Focusing on the lives of 31 people in one neighbourhood, it explores the push and pull factors that structure tenants’ behaviour regarding downsizing to smaller properties within a residualised and stigmatised social housing sector. It highlights the meaning of home and the continuing relevance of community and the tensions created when tenants are faced with the threat of displacement and the concomitant loss of social networks and informal structures of welfare that operate in place. While this book focuses on one social policy, it speaks to broader concerns about the value and loss of social housing and how we care for and house our most vulnerable citizens in the midst of neoliberal restructuring. It reflects on the continuing loss of housing benefit support, on-going cuts to the welfare state and what this means for communities and their sense of security and belonging. More broadly, it reflects on how cuts to housing benefit support are undermining the capacity of low income households to secure and maintain housing within a social sector that faces new financial risks and a private rented sector in which the term ‘no DSS’ has made a resurgence. The central argument of this book is that policies such as the Bedroom Tax which undermine secure housing are divisive, heightening resentment about access to housing while leading to increasing housing inequality and urban marginality.
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Allen, Colin, Peter M. Todd et Jonathan M. Weinberg. Reasoning and Rationality. Sous la direction de Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels et Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article explores five parts of Cartesian thought that include individualism, internalism, rationalism, universalism, and human exceptionalism demonstrating the philosophical and psychological theories of rationality. Ecological rationality comes about through the coadaptation of minds and their environments. The internal bounds comprising the capacities of the cognitive system can be shaped by evolution, learning, or development to take advantage of the structure of the external environment. The external bounds, comprising the structure of information available in the environment, can be shaped by the effects of minds making decisions in the world, including most notably in humans the process of cultural evolution. The internal constraints on decision-making including limited computational power and limited memory in the organism and the external ones include limited time push toward simple cognitive mechanisms for making decisions quickly and without much information. Human exceptionalism is one of the strands of Residual Cartesianism that puts the greatest focus on language and symbolic reasoning as the basis for human rationality. The invention of symbolic systems exhibits how humans deliberately and creatively alter their environments to enhance learning and memory and to support reasoning. Nonhuman animals also alter their environments in ways that support adaptive behavior. Stigmergy, an important mechanism for swarm intelligence, is the product of interactions among multiple agents and their environments. It is enhanced through cumulative modification, of the environment by individuals.
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Makse, Todd, Scott Minkoff et Anand Sokhey. Politics on Display. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190926311.001.0001.
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Political yard signs are one of the most conspicuous features of American political campaigns, yet they have received little attention as a form of political communication or participation. In a climate in which the American public is highly polarized, these symbols are more than simple campaign tools—they are literal markers of partisan identity. As public cues that push into private life, they affect individuals and their neighborhoods, coloring perceptions of social spaces and impacting social networks. In Politics on Display we answer a series of questions about this familiar feature of electoral politics: Why do people put their preferences out there for the world to see? Do neighborhoods become political battlegrounds? And what are the consequences of displaying yard signs in these spaces where we spend most of our time? We answer these questions with an innovative research design, documenting political life in neighborhoods with complementary data sources: street-level observation of the placement of signs and neighborhood-specific survey research that delves into the attitudes, behavior, and social networks of residents. Integrating these data into a geo-database that also includes demographic and election data—and supplementing these data with nationally representative studies—we bring together insights from political communication, political psychology, and political geography. Against a backdrop of today’s political environment of conflict and division, we advance a new understanding of how citizens experience campaigns, why many still insist on airing their views in public, and what happens when social spaces become political spaces.
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White, Ismail K., et Chryl N. Laird. Steadfast Democrats. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691199511.001.0001.
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Black Americans are by far the most unified racial group in American electoral politics, with 80 to 90 percent identifying as Democrats—a surprising figure given that nearly a third now also identify as ideologically conservative, up from less than 10 percent in the 1970s. Why has ideological change failed to push more black Americans into the Republican Party? This book answers this question with a pathbreaking new theory that foregrounds the specificity of the black American experience and illuminates social pressure as the key element of black Americans' unwavering support for the Democratic Party. The book argues that the roots of black political unity were established through the adversities of slavery and segregation, when black Americans forged uniquely strong social bonds for survival and resistance. It explains how these tight communities have continued to produce and enforce political norms—including Democratic Party identification in the post-Civil Rights era. The social experience of race for black Americans is thus fundamental to their political choices. Black voters are uniquely influenced by the social expectations of other black Americans to prioritize the group's ongoing struggle for freedom and equality. When navigating the choice of supporting a political party, this social expectation translates into affiliation with the Democratic Party. The book explores where and how black political norms are enforced, what this means for the future of black politics, and how this framework can be used to understand the electoral behavior of other communities.
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Dilloway, James. From Cold War to Chaos ? Praeger, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216968832.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This challenging science-based book reviews today's global situation as well as our long evolution to humanness. It uncovers a crisis in policy and behavior impending since 1990—one stemming from earlier, but long-outmoded assumptions that now threaten future development in common. Feasible reforms, global and national, are outlined. Ranging widely through time, space, and subject-matter, and moving from earth and life history to economics and new vistas in brain science, Dilloway marshals analysis, ideas, and proposals to lay bare a climactic crisis that, since 1990 in particular, has been systematically concealed from view by the fresh force of a current conventional wisdom. Successive chapters review our global situation in its major demographic, environmental, economic, and human rights aspects. Our entire time perspective is then examined to throw new light on powerful human capacities and the way they are now being contradicted by assumptions—seemingly rational two centuries ago—that have become outmoded, yet still decisive, in the century now ending. Dilloway next looks at recent economic history to see how this now-obsolete philosophy has come to prevail and how massively it opposes the cooperative social basis of our entire human potential. After reviewing a many-sided United Nations push based on environmental conservation, development, and human rights, Dilloway arrives at feasible, yet far-reaching proposals for stronger international government and matching basic reforms at the level of the advanced nation-state.
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Hong, Sun-ha. Technologies of Speculation. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479860234.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
What counts as knowledge in the age of big data and smart machines? Technologies of datafication renew the long modern promise of turning bodies into facts. They seek to take human intentions, emotions, and behavior and to turn these messy realities into discrete and stable truths. But in pursuing better knowledge, technology is reshaping in its image what counts as knowledge. The push for algorithmic certainty sets loose an expansive array of incomplete archives, speculative judgments, and simulated futures. Too often, data generates speculation as much as it does information. Technologies of Speculation traces this twisted symbiosis of knowledge and uncertainty in emerging state and self-surveillance technologies. It tells the story of vast dragnet systems constructed to predict the next terrorist and of how familiar forms of prejudice seep into the data by the back door. In software placeholders, such as “Mohammed Badguy,” the fantasy of pure data collides with the old specter of national purity. It shows how smart machines for ubiquitous, automated self-tracking, manufacturing knowledge, paradoxically lie beyond the human senses. This data is increasingly being taken up by employers, insurers, and courts of law, creating imperfect proxies through which my truth can be overruled. This book argues that as datafication transforms what counts as knowledge, it is dismantling the long-standing link between knowledge and human reason, rational publics, and free individuals. If data promises objective knowledge, then we must ask in return, Knowledge by and for whom; enabling what forms of life for the human subject?
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Cipriano Venzon, Ann. From Whaleboats to Amphibious Warfare. Praeger, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400654985.
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An examination of Holland Smith's career in the Marine Corps follows its evolution from an insular constabulary at the turn of the 20th century to a juggernaut, landing American troops island by island in vital amphibious engagements up to 1945. Serving in important assignments from the Philippines to China to Latin America, Smith became deeply involved in the development of amphibious strategy and tactics, as well as in the creation of proper landing craft by the early 1930s. After Pearl Harbor, the Marines would turn to him to plan and lead operations in the Gilberts, the Marianas, and the Volcano Islands, culminating in the epic operation at Iwo Jima. Venzon details the life of this quiet, modest man who, she contends, deliberately cultivated the persona of an irascible, unreasonable perfectionist, in an effort to do everything possible to protect the Marines under his command. Smith braved malaria and dengue fever in the Philippines, sailed through the backwaters of post-Manchu China, and fought in the earliest banana wars in Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic. After World War I, he was the first Marine to attend the General Staff College at Langres, and from then on became am important member of 4th Marine Brigade Staff, and later on the staff of the army's I Corps. Here, he learned that war in the new century would be as much about planning, logistics, communications, and intelligence as it was about brute force. Upon his return to the United States, he attended both the Naval War College and the Marine Corps Command and Staff College. By 1940, he commanded the First Marine Division. His deliberately explosive behavior, however, would ultimately push him out of the circle of legendary World War II leaders.