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1
E, Maskus Keith, et Reichman J. H. 1936-, dir. International public goods and transfer of technology under a globalized intellectual property regime. Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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2
Ciocia, Maria Antonia. La dismissione del patrimonio immobiliare pubblico : Diritto all'abitazione, titolarità e regime dei beni. Napoli : Edizioni scientifiche italiane, 2003.
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3
Galea-Solomone, Arthur. Towards an acceptable public international law regime relating to the deprivation of foreign-owned private property. Ottawa : National Library of Canada, 1990.
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4
Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Committee. Expert Working Party on Human Genetic Materials, Intellectual Property and the Health Sector. Human genetic materials : Making Canada's intellectual property regime work for the health of Canadians : report of the Expert Working Party on Human Genetic Materials, Intellectual Property and the Health Sector. [Ottawa] : Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Committee, 2005.
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5
Vinci, Massimiliano. Fines regere : Il regolamento dei confini dall'età arcaica a Giustiniano. Milano : A. Giuffrè, 2004.
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6
Lantz, K. Nicole. Everyone's cabin in the woods : Historic context for public recreation cabins in the Alaska region 1960-1971. Juneau, Alaska : United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Alaska Region, 2012.
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7
Maskus, Keith E., et Jerome H. Reichman, dir. International Public Goods and Transfer of Technology Under a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime. Cambridge University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511494529.
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Maskus, Keith E., et Jerome H. Reichman. International Public Goods and Transfer of Technology under a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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9
Maskus, Keith E., et Jerome H. Reichman. International Public Goods and Transfer of Technology under a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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10
Maskus, Keith E., et Jerome H. Reichman. International Public Goods and Transfer of Technology under a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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11
(Editor), Keith E. Maskus, et Jerome H. Reichman (Editor), dir. International Public Goods and Transfer of Technology Under a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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12
(Editor), Keith E. Maskus, et Jerome H. Reichman (Editor), dir. International Public Goods and Transfer of Technology Under a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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13
Maskus, Keith E., et Jerome H. Reichman. International Public Goods and Transfer of Technology under a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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14
Salomone, Arthur Galea. Towards an acceptable public international law regime relating to the deprivation of foreign-owned private property. 1989.
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15
Grosse Ruse-Khan, Henning, et Axel Metzger, dir. Intellectual Property Ordering beyond Borders. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009071338.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During the past century, intellectual property (IP) law has expanded within and beyond national borders. The field of IP law was once a niche area concerning authors, inventors, and trademark owners. Today, IP law acts as a complex regime of instruments, institutions, and actors that negotiate overlapping, diverging, and occasionally competing public policies on a global scale. As IP continues to expand beyond borders, the instruments and tools utilised for its global protection rely on public international law as the common denominator and unifying frame. Intellectual Property Ordering Beyond Borders provides an evaluation of the most pertinent public international law questions raised by this multidimensional expansion. This comprehensive and far-reaching volume tackles problems such as generalist approaches under the law of treaties; custom and general principles; interfaces between IP and other normative orders, such as trade and investment; and interdisciplinary accounts from the economic, political, and social science perspectives. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
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Kerry, Vanessa Bradford. Does public health have primacy over patents ? : Examining the implications of the current intellectual property regime on the future of affordable drug access for developing countries. 2007.
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17
Conticelli, Martina, et Thomas Perroud, dir. Procedural Requirements for Administrative Limits to Property Rights. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867586.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Within the Common Core of European Administrative Law Project (CoCEAL), and within the vast field of adjudication, this volume develops one of the most traditional sets of procedures, namely procedures that interfere with the right to private property. As in the CoCEAL project as a whole, the structure of our questionnaire takes the fundamentals of expropriations in a given legal order as its starting point and examines a number of cases: the main requirements for property rights restrictions are presented briefly through national reports and discussed through hypotheticals, while our search for comparative evidence focuses on procedural propriety and fairness, leaving aside other aspects, such as the right to compensation. Through a comparative survey spanning twelve legal systems and a transnational regime, our research aims to shed light on the core of administrative activity that exemplifies the 'negative state'. Our main conjectures are as follows: first, that a new property paradigm is emerging; secondly, that this paradigm regards both what property is and how it might be protected; and thirdly, that a common core is emerging, whose relevance counts especially at the level of procedural propriety. Our findings support the idea that much of this shift is grounded in the very essence of a shared understanding of procedural requirements protecting private property against any kind of public restrictions.
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Gong gong jian kang wei ji yu WTO zhi shi chan quan zhi du de gai ge : Yi TRIPs xie yi wei zhong xin = Public health crisis and the reformation of intellectual property rights regime in the framework of WTO : focus on TRIPs agreement. Wuchang : Wuhan da xue chu ban she, 2005.
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Sokhranenie kulʹturnogo nasledii͡a v Sovetskoĭ Rossii (1917-1930-ĭ gody) : [monografii͡a]. I͡Aroslavlʹ : Aver-press, 2011.
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20
Geoffroy-Schwinden, Rebecca Dowd. From Servant to Savant. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197511510.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
From Servant to Savant exposes the fundamental role that the French Revolution played in the emergence of modern professional musicianship and music historiography. Like other arts and trades in Old Regime Paris, music professionalized under a system regulated by legal permissions called privilèges. Musicians learned to work within the privilege system to elevate their legal and social status by the eve of Revolution. But the Revolution’s Abolition of Privilege on August 4, 1789, overthrew this feudal order and set in its place a modern property regime requiring strict delineation between public and private property. From Servant to Savant reveals the profound musical consequences of this reckoning. Before the Revolution, music was an activity that required permission, after, it was an object that could be possessed. Everyone seemingly hoped to gain something from owning music—musicians claimed it as their unalienable personal expression while the French nation sought to enhance imperial ambitions by appropriating it as the collective product of cultural heritage and national industry. Musicians capitalized on these changes to protect their professionalization within new laws and institutions yet excluded those without credentials from their elite echelon. As musicians and the government negotiated the place of music in a reimagined French society, new epistemic and professional practices constituted three lasting values of musical production: the composer’s sovereignty, the musical work’s inviolability, and the nation’s supremacy. From Servant to Savant thus demonstrates how the French Revolution set the stage for the emergence of so-called musical Romanticism and its legacies, which continue to haunt musical institutions and industries.
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Cary, Geoffrey, David Lindenmayer et Stephen Dovers, dir. Australia Burning. CSIRO Publishing, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643090965.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The phenomenon of fire in the Australian landscape traverses many interests and disciplines. At a national level, there is an urgent need for the integration of both the natural and social sciences in the formulation of public policy.
With contributions from 30 leading experts, Australia Burning draws together these issues, under the themes:
Ecology and the environment
Fire behaviour and fire regime science
People and property
Policy, institutional arrangements and the legal framework
Indigenous land and fire management
The book examines some of the key questions that relate to the ecology, prediction and management of fire, urban planning, law, insurance, and community issues, including indigenous and non-indigenous concerns. It looks at what we need to know to inform public policy, given the present risks and uncertainty, and explores the avenues for closer integration between science, policy and the community.
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Xu, Ting, et Alison Clarke, dir. Legal Strategies for the Development and Protection of Communal Property. British Academy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266380.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
‘Communal’ property is an important mechanism for allocating natural resources and regulating their use – whether for economic exploitation, recreational use or the promotion of biodiversity and nature conservation. The form which communal property regimes take, however, and their relationship to private property structures, varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and is poorly understood. Nevertheless, the importance of communal property, transcending the public/private divide in property rights, is increasingly apparent globally. Contributions to this volume focus on legal strategies for the development and protection of communal property and how these strategies ‘map’ over different jurisdictions (England and Wales, Scotland, South Africa, Cameroon, Italy, Israel and China) and jurisprudential approaches. They look at property beyond the traditional, individualist, and exclusive ownership model, engaging with communal property ‘practices’ in different jurisdictions to explore the theoretical grounding of communal property, not only linking theory with practice but also linking the local with the global.
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Data Access, Consumer Interests and Public Welfare. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748924999.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Data are considered to be key for the functioning of the data economy as well as for pursuing multiple public interest concerns. Against this backdrop this book strives to device new data access rules for future legislation. To do so, the contributions first explain the justification for such rules from an economic and more general policy perspective. Then, building on the constitutional foundations and existing access regimes, they explore the potential of various fields of the law (competition and contract law, data protection and consumer law, sector-specific regulation) as a basis for the future legal framework. The book also addresses the need to coordinate data access rules with intellectual property rights and to integrate these rules as one of multiple measures in larger data governance systems. Finally, the book discusses the enforcement of the Government’s interest in using privately held data as well as potential data access rights of the users of connected devices.
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Jakob, Michael, Ottmar Edenhofer, Ulrike Kornek, Dominic Lenzi et Jan Minx. Governing the Commons to Promote Global Justice : Climate Change Mitigation and Rent Taxation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813248.003.0003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Climate change mitigation means restricting the use of the atmosphere as a disposal space for greenhouse gas emissions, which would create a novel scarcity rent. Appropriating this rent via fiscal policies, such as taxes, together with already existing scarcity rents of land and natural resources, could be an economically efficient source of public revenues to advance human development objectives. This chapter discusses how an international climate agreement would turn the atmosphere into a common property regime and describes equity principles that determine how the resulting climate rent is distributed. It then estimates how carbon pricing in combination with appropriate revenue recycling could advance human development goals. It also considers equity aspects of distributing land and natural resource rents as well as the potential of these rents to promote global justice. Finally, it assesses the political feasibility of combining rent taxation with targeted investment, drawing conclusions for the potential implementation of such an approach.
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Banet, Catherine. Techno-nationalism in the Context of Energy Transition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Techno-nationalism is governments’ protectionist behaviour towards technology innovation and transfer.— Development of law and policy to secure national interest stems from belief that restricting transfer of innovation will benefit national economic growth and protect wealth and energy independency. Although not a new phenomenon, there is a global techno-nationalism revival in the energy transition context. This chapter looks at the compatibility of techno-nationalist measures with the WTO international law regime. It reviews how national legal frameworks support these policies by reference to energy transition legislation, public procurement, local content requirements, and intellectual property rights. It compares nation states’ techno-nationalism behaviour to the duties to share and transfer technology innovation in a liberalized and competitive environment. Among the applicable rules are UNFCC and WTO technology transfer requirements, including green goods provisions. Finally, the margin of appreciation for national governments and the need for legal innovation to ensure technology transfer are examined. .
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Dignam, Alan, et John Lowry. 17. Corporate rescue and liquidations in outline. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198753285.003.1801.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter deals with the regulatory regime governing corporate rescue and liquidations. It first considers two procedures that were introduced by the Insolvency Act 1986 aimed at implementing the objective of corporate rescue: the administration order and the company voluntary arrangement, the former of which has been fundamentally reformed by the Enterprise Act 2002. It then discusses voluntary winding-up by companies, members, and creditors under the 1986 Act, as well as the grounds on which the court may initiate compulsory winding-up. The chapter also examines the consequences of a winding-up petition on dispositions of company property; winding-up in the public interest; the duties and functions of the liquidator; provisions allowing avoidance of transactions entered into prior to liquidation; the personal liability of directors under the Insolvency Act 1986; and distribution of surplus assets following liquidation. Finally, it outlines a number of amendments to the 1986 Act.
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Dignam, Alan, et John Lowry. 17. Corporate rescue and liquidations in outline. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198811831.003.0017.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter deals with the regulatory regime governing corporate rescue and liquidations. It first considers two procedures that were introduced by the Insolvency Act 1986 aimed at implementing the objective of corporate rescue: the administration order and the company voluntary arrangement, the former of which has been fundamentally reformed by the Enterprise Act 2002. It then discusses voluntary winding-up by companies, members, and creditors under the 1986 Act, as well as the grounds on which the court may initiate compulsory winding-up. The chapter also examines the consequences of a winding-up petition on dispositions of company property; winding-up in the public interest; the duties and functions of the liquidator; provisions allowing avoidance of transactions entered into prior to liquidation; the personal liability of directors under the Insolvency Act 1986; and distribution of surplus assets following liquidation. Finally, it outlines a number of amendments to the 1986 Act.
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Jones, Edward, Jessica Jones et Aidan Wills. Criminal Records, Privacy and the Criminal Justice System. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781526527172.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The effect of a criminal record can be long-lasting and damaging. Criminal Records, Privacy and the Criminal Justice System: A Practical Handbook provides you with an understanding of the law surrounding the publicity of criminal proceedings, the creation and retention of police records, and the remedies available to an individual who wishes to amend or erase these records, or to prevent them from becoming available to third parties. The authors guide you through the steps that can be taken to delete police records, challenge the content of criminal record certificates, expunge criminal cautions, and bring claims protecting the privacy and data protection rights of clients. The Second Edition also includes: - Updated APP guidance on the retention of material on local police systems - The most up-to-date caselaw in relation to all the topics covered - Guidance on the handling of spent convictions and the DBS disclosure regime - Guidance on the content of letters of representations As the only handbook of its kind addressing public and private law claims under one title, this is an indispensable guide for criminal and public law solicitors and barristers, law centres, CABs and PR firms. This title is included in Bloomsbury Professional's Intellectual Property and IT online service.
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Marco, Vega, et Martinelli César. The Monetary and Fiscal History of Peru, 1960-2017 : Radical Policy Experiments, Inflation and Stabilization. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/2079-8474.0468.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We show that Peru’s chronic inflation through the 1970s and 1980s was the result of the need for inflationary taxation in a regime of fiscal dominance of monetary policy. Hyperinflation occurred when debt accumulation became unavailable, and a populist administration engaged in a counterproductive policy of price controls and loose credit. We interpret the fiscal difficulties preceding the stabilization as a process of social learning to live within the realities of fiscal budget balance. The credibility of the policy regime change in the 1990s may be linked ultimately to the change in public opinion giving proper incentives to politicians, after the traumatic consequences of the hyperstagflation of 1987–1990.
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Spinello, Richard A. Regulating Cyberspace. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216006688.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This visionary book presents an interdisciplinary and cogent approach to the issue of Internet governance and control. By examining five critical areas in which the tension between freedom and control is most palpable—fair competition and open access, free expression, intellectual property, privacy rights, and security—Spinello guides the reader on a tour of the emerging body of law and public policy that has attempted to control the anarchy of cyberspace. In so doing, he defends the credo of Internet self-regulation, asserting that the same powerful and flexible architectures that created the Internet as we know it today can be relied upon to aid the private sector in arriving at a workable, decentralized regulatory regime. Except in certain circumstances that require government involvement, self-regulation is not only viable but is a highly preferred alternative to the forced uniformity that centralized structures tend to impose. Beginning with an exploration of the Internet's most important values, including universality, free expression, and open access, as well as its promise as a democratizing force, Spinello considers how we can most effectively preserve those values and fulfill that promise while curtailing the social harms that vex Internet users. How do we arrive at the right mixture of technology and policy so that the Internet does not lose its promise as a liberating technology? In examining this question, Spinello evaluates such architectures of control as filters and rights management protocols, which attempt to keep out unwanted information and protect intellectual property, respectively. He explores how these and other technologies can be designed and used responsibly so that online social order can be sustained with a minimal amount of government intervention.
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Peschard, Karine E. Seed Activism. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14484.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
How lawsuits around intellectual property in Brazil and India are impacting the patentability of plants and seeds, farmers' rights, and the public interest. Over the past decade, legal challenges have arisen in the Global South over patents on genetically modified crops. In this ethnographic study, Karine E. Peschard explores the effects of these disputes on people's lives, while uncovering the role of power—material, institutional, and discursive—in shaping laws and legal systems. The expansion of corporate intellectual property (IP), she shows, negatively impacts farmers' rights and, by extension, the right to food, since small farms produce the bulk of food for domestic consumption. Peschard sees emerging a new legal common sense concerning the patentability of plant-related inventions, as well as a balance among IP, farmers' rights, and the public interest. Peschard examines the strengthening of IP regimes for plant varieties, the consolidation of the global biotech industry, the erosion of agrobiodiversity, and farmers' dispossession. She shows how litigants question the legality of patents and private IP systems implemented by Monsanto for royalties on three genetically modified crop varieties, Roundup Ready soybean in Brazil and Bt cotton and Bt eggplant in India. Peschard argues that these private IP systems have rendered moot domestic legislation on plant variety protection and farmers' rights. This unprecedented level of corporate concentration in such a vital sector raises concerns over the erosion of agricultural biodiversity, farmers' rights and livelihoods, food security, and, ultimately, the merits of extending IP rights to higher life forms such as plants.
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Stamenkoviç, Marko, dir. Resistance. 2e éd. punctum books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0384.1.00.
Texte intégralRésumé :
esistance features a selection of overtly non-conformist positions in the contemporary visual art scene of Albania vis-à-vis the most recent social, political, and economic turmoils in the Western Balkans – a region marked by the dark side of political governances that have remained “democratic” in their outward appearance (especially toward the European Union), while dramatically leaning toward autocratic regimes in the eyes of their own citizens. Regardless of their citizens’ primary interests, and despite some positive signals surfacing in the international media, almost every attempt to establish lasting conditions for democratic governance in the Western Balkans has been shrouded in the veil of profit-driven political scandals, personal greed for more and more power over the people’s rights, and the extinction of public property in pursuit of social elite’s corporate and private interests. Additionally, and more specifically related to Tirana, artists and citizens have, over the years, been involved in various types of revolt, expressing their disagreements with the ongoing destruction of public property in the name of “modernization and development”: a movement led by local political powers through financially and strategically motivated processes of architectural cannibalism – not only at the expense of erasing Albanian cultural heritage or long-term residents’ habitats, but also at the expense of taking human lives under the pretext of “urbanization.” The most obvious instance of this economy of destruction was the complex of buildings linked to the National Theater of Albania in downtown Tirana that has served as a symbolic and material place of citizens’ resistance: for more than two years, together with local artists, they have been opposing the government’s plans to demolish the old complex in order to build a new one – until this finally happened in Spring 2020, in the midst of the ongoing COVID19 pandemic. Rooted in the atmosphere of the National Theater Protests in Tirana, RESISTANCE was conceived in Summer 2019 by ZETA Center for Contemporary Art as the International Artists-in-Residence Program, in cooperation with three partner organizations from Kosovo, Serbia and North Macedonia (Stacion – Center for Contemporary Art in Prishtina; Ilija & Mangelos Foundation in Novi Sad; and Faculty of Things That Can’t Be Learned in Bitola) and supported by Swiss Cultural Fund in Albania, a project of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. Gradually, the project expanded into an exhibition (Heterotopias of Resistance, curated by Blerta Hoçia and featuring works by Lori Lako, Fatlum Doçi, Edona Kryeziu, Nina Galiç, Darko Vukiç, Nikola Slavevski, and Natasha Nedelkova) and a series of interviews and panel discussions (with contributions by Lindita Komani, Edmond Budina, Ervin Goci, Ergin Zaloshnja, Pleurad Xhafa, Gentian Shkurti, Stefano Romano, Luçjan Bedeni, HAVEIT, Leonard Qylafi, Jonida Gashi, and Fatmira Nikolli). The results of both have been collected and presented in the format of a publication that, besides serving as an indispensable reading material concerning visual arts and politics in contemporary Albania, especially to those abroad, functions by itself as a form of resistance against contagious cultural policies in weak post-socialist “democracies” in Southeastern Europe.
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Miller, Robert J. Reservation “Capitalism”. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216007968.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This unique book investigates the history and future of American Indian economic activities and explains why tribal governments and reservation communities must focus on creating sustainable privately and tribally owned businesses if reservation communities and tribal cultures are to continue to exist. Native American peoples suffer from health, educational, infrastructure, and social deficiencies that most Americans who live outside of tribal lands are wholly unaware of and would not tolerate. By creating sustainable economic development on reservations, however, gradual, long-term change can be effected, thereby improving the standard of living and sustaining tribal cultures. Reservation "Capitalism": Economic Development in Indian Country supplies the true history, present-day circumstances, and potential future of Indian communities and economics. It provides key background information on indigenous economic systems and property rights regimes in what is now the United States, and explains how the vast majority of native lands and natural resource assets were lost. The book focuses on strategies for establishing privately and publicly owned economic activities on reservations and creating economies where reservation inhabitants can be employed, live, and buy the necessities of life, thereby enabling complete tribal self-sufficiency and self-determination.
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Lynas, Mark, et Sarah Davidson Evanega. The Dialectic of Pro-Poor Papaya. Sous la direction de Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.33.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The development and rapid adoption of genetically engineered, virus-resistant papaya for Hawaii was an early, rare successful case of a small-scale horticultural crop improved for farmers of mostly modest means by the public sector. Demand was potentially great because the technology addressed a crop-destroying disease for which there were—and are—no alternative solutions. The developers of the technology promoted diffusion with a philanthropic spirit of public-sector universities and personal commitment. Success in Hawaii demonstrated that the technology could benefit papaya growers world-wide. To replicate that success, Thailand was among the first countries to work to adapt the technology. The greatest challenge facing those charged with introducing virus-resistant transgenic papaya into Thailand turned out not to be a technical but political one as Greenpeace targeted virus-resistant papaya as the likely first GE crop to be grown in the country and thus, a gateway for other GE crops. The subsequent anti-GE papaya campaigns foiled biotechnology in Thailand and throughout Southeast Asia, which is puzzling because many biotech crops being developed in that region have similar potential to benefit smallholder farmers, impact the environment positively, and address major nutritional challenges. Many are developed by the public sector. Had Thailand successfully promoted transgenic papaya despite opposition from Greenpeace, governments and scientific agencies across Southeast Asia might have been encouraged by the success story and continued to use the tools of biotechnology in their own agricultural sectors to confront rapidly mounting global agricultural challenges. That this best-case scenario for biotechnology—a pro-poor papaya developed in the public sector without multinational property claims—has not reached resource-poor farmers in the developing world almost twenty years after its release in Hawaii offers lessons larger than a minor crop. The case aids in understanding the reasons for the limited spread of biotechnology for small farmers globally and the dimensions of opposition and reasons for success of opposition to all transgenics technologies.
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Handbook for Communication on the Rational Use of Antimicrobials for the Containment of Resistance. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275123683.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The acquisition of antimicrobials without a prescription is a global concern. This practice is thriving in countries that lack adequate legislation or where regulations are not properly enforced. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and its member states in the Region of the Americas approved the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, which recognizes antimicrobial resistance as a threat to global public health that requires a multisectoral response. To tackle antimicrobial resistance, a worldwide change in behavior is needed in terms of how these drugs are used and acquired. National approaches are required to address the indiscriminate use and over-prescription of antimicrobials, and to enforce regulations on prescription and acquisition practices. The objective of this communication handbook is to help communication professionals and health program officials develop strategies to raise awareness and promote the importance of the appropriate use of antimicrobials among different stakeholders; raise public awareness about the importance of obtaining antimicrobials with a prescription in order to achieve multisectoral collaboration to ensure compliance with laws and regulations on this issue; and promote a change in behavior regarding the appropriate use and acquisition of antimicrobials by everyone involved. The target audiences for this handbook are the general population (including adolescents, children, and child caregivers/parents of children), healthcare professionals (including pharmacists and pharmacy staff), and various stakeholders (government officials, professional societies, medical organizations, the private sector, local leaders, and health-influencers, among others).
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Natalie, Lichtenstein. 4 Investment Operations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198821960.003.0004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Chapter 4, Investment Operations, presents the Charter-based framework for AIIB’s investment operations. It describes AIIB’s investment objectives: to foster sustainable economic development, create wealth and improve infrastructure connectivity, by investing in infrastructure and other productive sectors. AIIB’s types of investment operations include loans, guarantees, equity investment and technical assistance, for public sector entities and for private sector clients. Its investment operations should benefit Asia, but may be located outside of the region. Its operational principles emphasize sound banking principles, environmental and social aspects, competitive procurement, financial soundness, proper use of funds (anti-corruption) and transparency. These operational principles and AIIB’s policies are drawn from similar rules in place for other multilateral development banks, and are designed to facilitate AIIB’s cofinancing of with these other banks. Key policies are summarized and AIIB’s first phase of investment operations (through December 2017) is presented in a table.
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Edmondson, Brad. A Wild Idea. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501759017.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This book shares the complete story of the difficult birth of the Adirondack Park Agency (APA). The Adirondack region of New York's rural North Country forms the nation's largest state park, with a territory as large as Vermont. Planning experts view the APA as a triumph of sustainability that balances human activity with the preservation of wild ecosystems. The truth isn't as pretty. The story of the APA, told here for the first time, is a complex, troubled tale of political dueling and communities pushed to the brink of violence. The North Country's environmental movement started among a small group of hunters and hikers, rose on a huge wave of public concern about pollution that crested in the early 1970s, and overcame multiple obstacles to “save” the Adirondacks. The book shows how the movement's leaders persuaded a powerful governor to recruit planners, naturalists, and advisors and assign a task that had never been attempted before. The team and the politicians who supported them worked around the clock to draft two visionary land-use plans and turn them into law. But they also made mistakes, and their strict regulations were met with determined opposition from local landowners who insisted that private property is private. The book is based on in-depth interviews with five dozen insiders who are central to the story. Their observations contain many surprising and shocking revelations. This is a rich narrative about state power and how it was imposed on rural residents. It shows how the Adirondacks were “saved,” and also why that campaign sparked a passionate rebellion.