Articles de revues : « Psychopathological traits »

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Gonçalves-Pinho, M., et J. P. Ribeiro. « Erik Satie – a psychopathological approach ». European Psychiatry 64, S1 (avril 2021) : S687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1821.

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IntroductionÉric Satie was a French classical music composer born in May of 1866. He composed several music pieces that did not fit the contemporaneous musical standard once he did not follow the orthodox rules of composition and harmonic expression.ObjectivesTo analyse Erik Satie personality traits and possible psychopathological findings.MethodsA narrative review was performed using Google Scholar database.ResultsHis music, as it occurs in most musical composers, was said to translate his own personality and state of mind at the time. He was described as an eccentric with multiple descriptions demonstrating unstable and explosive personality traits of pride, determination, perfectionism and a hatred for convention that would put him near a Cluster A type of personality.ConclusionsAlthough some authors conclude that Satie could be diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome I believe that his specificities represent more of personality traits than pathological findings.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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Landazabal, Maite Garaigordobil. « Psychopathological Symptoms, Social Skills, and Personality Traits : A Study with Adolescents ». Spanish Journal of Psychology 9, n^o 2 (novembre 2006) : 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600006089.

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The purpose of this study is two-fold: (a) to study the concomitant relationships between psychopathological symptoms, cooperation, social skills, and other personality traits; and (b) to identify the predictive variables of psychopathological symptoms. The sample consists of 322 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old. This study uses correlational methodology. In order to assess psychopathological symptoms, cooperation, social skills, and personality traits, the following scales are used: the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R; Derogatis, 1983), the Cooperativeness Scale (CS; Rigby, Cox, & Black, 1997), the MESSY social skills scale (Matson, Rotatori, & Helsel, 1983), and the TPT Personality Test (Corral, Pamos, Pereña, & Seisdedos, 2002). Pearson coefficients suggest that adolescents with many psychopathological symptoms have low levels of cooperative behaviors and social skills. They also score high in inappropriate assertiveness, impulsiveness, overconfidence, and jealousy-withdrawal and have low levels of emotional stability, sociability, and responsibility. Through multiple regression analyses, the following variables were identified as predictors of psychopathological symptoms: jealousy-withdrawal, low social integration, impulsiveness, and low self-concept. The role played by intervention programs promoting socio-emotional development to prevent psychopathological symptoms and enhance mental health is discussed.

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Castro Solano, Alejandro, et Alejandro César Cosentino. « The High Five Model : Associations of the high factors with complete mental well-being and academic adjustment in university students ». Europe’s Journal of Psychology 15, n^o 4 (19 décembre 2019) : 656–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v15i4.1759.

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Traditionally, models of positive personality traits have referred to moral characteristics. The High Five Model (HFM) is a factor model of individual positive traits based on an inductive psycho-lexical approach. Unlike other models, in the HFM the positive characteristics were freely determined by lay people, beyond any moral tones. The HFM comprises the following factors: erudition, peace, cheerfulness, honesty, and tenacity, known as “the high factors.” This model was shown to positively exceed the capacity of normal personality to predict emotional, social, and psychological well-being. Additionally, this model is negatively associated with non-transmissible diseases, psychopathological symptoms, and psychopathological personality traits. This study aimed to increase the validation of the HFM, by analyzing the relationships among this model and positive mental health, psychopathological symptoms, academic adjustment, and academic performance in university students. Another objective was to study the association between complete mental well-being (i.e., high well-being and low psychopathological symptomatology) and the high factors of the HFM. The sample consisted of 256 university students. Correlations were calculated, and the two-step cluster analysis was used to obtain profiles. The results showed that tenacity and erudition high factors are positively associated with academic achievement and academic adjustment. Finally, each of the high factors was positively associated with complete mental well-being. The HFM has a broad scope, as it is related not only to psychological variables (e.g., well-being or psychopathological symptomatology) but also to academic performance (e.g., adjustment and achievement) in university students.

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Ahmed, NaglaaA, TaghreedM El Shafie et SherihanM Abd Alhalim. « Effect of eating and psychopathological traits in psoriatic patients ». Al-Azhar Assiut Medical Journal 17, n^o 1 (2019) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/azmj.azmj_59_18.

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Garaigordobil, Maite, et Elena Bernarás. « Self-concept, Self-esteem, Personality Traits and Psychopathological Symptoms in Adolescents with and without Visual Impairment ». Spanish journal of psychology 12, n^o 1 (mai 2009) : 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600001566.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze self-concept, self-esteem, and other personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in subjects with and without visual impairment. The sample was made up of 90 participants aged 12 to 17: 61 with no impairment and 29 with visual impairment. The ANOVA showed that there were no significant differences in self-concept and self-esteem in the samples, but the visually impaired adolescents scored significantly higher in various psychopathological symptoms as well as in their capacity for kind behavior. The ANOVA revealed no gender differences in any variables in adolescents without visual impairment. However, women with visual impairment scored lower in self-esteem and higher in various psychopathological symptoms. Pearson coefficients revealed negative relations between self-concept/self-esteem and all the psychopathological symptoms, and neuroticism, as well as a positive relation with extraversion. Low psychoticism, high extraversion, and low hostility were identified as predictors of high self-concept.

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Bandini, E., V. Ricca, A. D. Fisher, G. Corona et M. Maggi. « Hysterical traits are not from the uterus but from the testis : A study in men with sexual dysfunction ». European Psychiatry 26, S2 (mars 2011) : 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73244-8.

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IntroductionThe relationship between testosterone (T) and psychopathology in subjects with sexual dysfunction has not been completely clarified.Objectives and aimsTo evaluate the association between T levels and different psychopathological symptoms and traits in men seeking treatment for sexual dysfunction.MethodsA consecutive series of 2,042 heterosexual male patients consulting an outpatient clinic for sexual dysfunction was retrospectively studied. Several hormonal, biochemical, and instrumental parameters were investigated, including testis volume and penile blood flow. Patients were interviewed, prior to the beginning of any treatment, with the previously validated Structured Interview on Erectile Dysfunction (SIEDY), and ANDROTEST (a structured interview for the screening of hypogonadism in patients with sexual dysfunction). They also completed the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ) a brief self-reported questionnaire for the screening of the symptoms of mental disorders in non psychiatric setting.ResultsT levels showed a negative correlation with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Conversely, histrionic/hysterical traits were strongly and positively associated with elevated T. Men with histrionic/hysterical traits had higher androgenization, as suggested by higher total and free T, higher testis volume and a lower ANDROTEST score. They were also characterized by better self-reported sexual functioning and penile blood flow.ConclusionsIn men consulting for sexual dysfunction, histrionic/hysterical traits are associated with higher androgenization and better sexual functioning. Hysteria, previously considered as a typically feminine psychopathological trait, should now be considered as an index of better masculine sexual well-being.

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Duchman, Kyle, Brian Cohen, Brian Wolf, Julie Bishop, Keith Baumgarten, MOON Shoulder, Robert Brophy, Carolyn Hettrich et Warren Dunn. « Paper 74 : Psychopathology and Volitional Instability : Who should we be operating on ? » Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, n^o 7_suppl5 (1 juillet 2022) : 2325967121S0063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00637.

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Objectives: There has been a hesitation by surgeons to operate on shoulder instability patients with maladaptive psychopathological traits, especially those with volitional instability, as these may portend a poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of maladaptive psychopathological traits, volitional instability, and their effect on two-year outcomes in patients undergoing shoulder stabilization surgery. Methods: A prospective multi-center cohort study led by the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Shoulder Group targeted all subjects having surgical shoulder stabilization and collected patient-reported outcomes at baseline and at two years postoperatively. Psychopathological traits were assessed using the Personality Assessment Screener (PAS), a validated personality assessment tool. Longitudinal analyses were performed using multivariable regression models to determine predictors of two-year outcomes adjusting for confounders measured at index such as age, sex, smoking, BMI, volitional instability, and intraarticular pathology. Results: The cohort (n = 890) was 80% male with a median age of 21.5 years. The prevalence of psychopathological traits was 20%. While all patients improved between baseline and 2 years, with adjusted analyses, the presence of maladaptive psychological traits present at the time of index surgery were predictive of lower WOSI (p = 0.001), ASES (p = 0.016), SANE (p = 0.03), and SF-36 MCS (p = 0.001) scores as well as a higher risk of failure (p = 0.04) at two years. As a main effect, volitional instability was not a predictor of WOSI, ASES, SANE, SF-36 or failure at two years. However, all models allowed for the interaction between volitional instability and the PAS, and this interaction was significant for WOSI (p = 0.006), SANE (p = 0.03), and SF-36 MCS (p = 0.003) scores at two years. In other words, the effect of volitional instability on the WOSI, SANE, and SF-36 MCS scores depends on the value of the PAS, and with high PAS scores it is associated with worse outcomes. This data is depicted in Figures 1-3. Conclusions: While all patients improved, the presence of maladaptive psychopathological traits at the time of index surgery was a predictor of poorer outcomes at two years. Voluntary dislocators did similarly as non-voluntary dislocators up to a PAS score of ˜ 20, where above this they had worse WOSI, SANE, SF-36 MCS and higher failure rates at 2 years post-operatively. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]

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Kholmogorova, A. B., M. I. Subotich, M. P. Korkh, A. A. Rakhmanina et M. S. Bykova. « Maladaptive Personality Traits and Psychopathological Symptoms in Individuals with the First Suicidal Attempt and with Chronic Suicidal Behavior ». Консультативная психология и психотерапия 28, n^o 1 (2020) : 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2020280105.

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The paper compares the severity of maladaptive personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in patients with primary and repeated suicide attempts. The study involved patients of the somatopsychiatric department of the Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care (N=61), who committed the first suicide attempt (n=31) or a repeated attempt (n=30). The results of the study did not reveal differences between the two groups in the severity of symptoms of social anxiety, depression and trait anxiety. However, indicators of such maladaptive personality traits as perfectionism and hypersensitive narcissism were significantly higher in the group of patients with a repeated suicide attempt. This group also manifested higher rates of the severity of borderline personality disorder traits and significant correlations between measures of psychopathology and maladaptive personality traits listed above. Conclusion: timely diagnostics of maladaptive traits and psychotherapy targeting socially prescribed perfectionism, hypersensitive narcissism, and borderline personality features after the first suicide attempt is necessary to prevent repeated ones.

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Dell'Osso, Liliana, Primo Lorenzi et Barbara Carpita. « Autistic Traits and Illness Trajectories ». Clinical Practice & ; Epidemiology in Mental Health 15, n^o 1 (30 août 2019) : 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901915010094.

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In the framework of increasing attention towards autism-related conditions, a growing number of studies have recently investigated the prevalence and features of sub-threshold Autistic Traits (ATs) among adults. ATs span across the general population, being more pronounced in several clinical groups of patients affected by psychiatric disorders. Moreover, ATs seem to be associated with specific personality features in non-clinical population, implying both a higher vulnerability towards psychopathology and extraordinary talents in specific fields. In this framework, the DSM-5’s Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presentations may be considered as the tip of an iceberg that features several possible clinical and non-clinical phenotypes. Globally, the autism spectrum may be considered as a trans-nosographic dimension, which may not only represent the starting point for the development of different psychopathological trajectories but also underlie non-psychopathological personality traits. These different trajectories might be shaped by the specific localization and severity of the neurodevelopmental alteration and by its interaction with the environment and lifetime events. In this wider framework, autistic-like neurodevelopmental alterations may be considered as a general vulnerability factor for different kinds of psychiatric disorders, but also the neurobiological basis for the development of extraordinary abilities, eventually underlying the concept of geniality. Moreover, according to recent literature, we hypothesize that ATs may also be involved in the functioning of human mind, featuring the peculiar sense of “otherness” which can be found, with different grades of intensity, in every human being.

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Gervasini, Guillermo, Inmaculada Gordillo, Angustias Garcia-Herraiz, Isalud Flores, Mercedes Jiménez, Melchora Monge et Juan Antonio Carrillo. « Polymorphisms in Serotonergic Genes and Psychopathological Traits in Eating Disorders ». Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 32, n^o 3 (juin 2012) : 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jcp.0b013e3182539f2b.

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Finistrella, Viviana, Melania Manco, Nicola Corciulo, Beatrice Sances, Mario Di Pietro, Raffaella Di Gregorio, Fosca Di SanteMarsili, Perla Maria Fiumani, Fabio Presaghi et Amalia Maria Ambruzzi. « Eating Disorders and Psychopathological Traits in Obese Preadolescents and Adolescents ». Journal of the American College of Nutrition 34, n^o 2 (4 mars 2015) : 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2014.938182.

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Muris, Peter, Danny Winands et Robert Horselenberg. « Defense Styles, Personality Traits, and Psychopathological Symptoms in Nonclinical Adolescents ». Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 191, n^o 12 (décembre 2003) : 771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000105365.60759.3a.

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Fernández-Aranda, F., A. Aitken, A. Badía, L. Giménez, R. Solano, D. Collier, J. Treasure et J. Vallejo. « Personality and psychopathological traits of males with an eating disorder ». European Eating Disorders Review 12, n^o 6 (21 octobre 2004) : 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/erv.603.

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Orsolini, Laura, Angelica Cicolini, Virginio Salvi et Umberto Volpe. « The “Well-Dressed Snake Personality” : An Insight into Narcissistic/Psychopathic Personalities ». Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy Research 9 (1 juillet 2022) : 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2313-1047.2022.09.5.

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How many kinds of malevolent characters are out there? In line with Paulhus and Williams (2002) the answer is three, namely the Dark Triad of Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy. Dark traits (DT) are associated with emotional deficits, exploitation, immoral strategic thinking, and risky behaviors. All three traits have been largely investigated mainly during the last decades. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview about the available literature regarding the characteristics of personality traits associated with the DT, by focusing on the main consequences of the DT from a psychopathological and psychiatric perspective. Studies found a strong association between DT traits and several types of negative psychosocial outcomes such as substance use, sexual promiscuity, aggression, and crime. Nevertheless, there is specific literature showing the advantages of scoring high DT traits, for example the assumption of positions of authority over other people, and the expression of low levels of social anxiety. Although the literature mainly focuses on the consequences that DT traits may have for society in general, there is a lack of studies investigating the personal repercussions, in the psychopathological and/or psychiatric dimensions in those individuals scoring high DT traits. Therefore, further research is needed to clarify how the different personality dark traits may interact with each other and modulate not only the individual’s life choices but also how and whether DT traits may predispose or not to the onset of a specific psychiatric disorder.

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Verseillié, Élodie, Stéphanie Laconi et Henri Chabrol. « Pathological Traits Associated to Facebook and Twitter among French Users ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n^o 7 (26 mars 2020) : 2242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072242.

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Background: With a growing number of users, social networking sites have been the subject of numerous recent studies, but little investigation has been given to their problematic use. Objectives: Our main objective was to study the relationship between psychopathological variables (i.e., personality traits, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and stress) and problematic Facebook and Twitter use. Participants and method: A sample of 1068 Internet users (Mage = 26.64; SD = 9.5) has been recruited online. Participants completed scales exploring problematic Facebook and Twitter use, and psychopathological variables. Results: Problematic Facebook and Twitter use were predicted by different pathological personality traits, regrouped in clusters in our study. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were also predictive of problematic Facebook and Twitter use but only stress explained problematic Facebook use. Gender differences have been observed. Discussion: This study highlights the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, pathological personality traits, and problematic Facebook and Twitter use. Significant differences have been retrieved between these two uses and their relationship to psychopathology. Future research should also explore the causal relationship between social networking sites use and psychopathology and consider gender.

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Jacobs, Patricía, Márcia Wagner, Luis Henrique Paloski, Irani Argimon et Camila Oliveira. « Personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in adults with substance use disorders ». Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual 30, n^o 2 (9 septembre 2022) : 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51668/bp.8322201n.

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This study aimed to characterize the personality traits of individuals with substance use disorders to verify the association and predictive value of personality traits for psychopathological symptoms and impulsivity. The participants were 77 adults undergoing treatment at a psychosocial care center for alcohol and drug, who completed a sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Adult Self-Report (ASR), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Most participants presented very low/low scores on extroversion and openness factors. The five personality factors revealed significant associations with most ASR subscales and BIS-11. High rates of neuroticism and low levels of extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are related to a greater occurrence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, attention, problems of thought and social isolation, somatic complaints, aggressive behavior, and impulsivity. According to the regression models, conscientiousness and neuroticism factors were more significant for symptoms related to anxiety/depression, thought problems, and rule-breaking behavior.

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Steiger, Howard, Stephen Stotland, Julie Trottier et A. M. Ghadirian. « Familial eating concerns and psychopathological traits : Causal implications of transgenerational effects ». International Journal of Eating Disorders 19, n^o 2 (mars 1996) : 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199603)19:2<147 ::aid-eat5>3.0.co;2-n.

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Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Roser Granero, Mariano Chóliz, Melania La Verde, Eugenio Aguglia, Maria S. Signorelli et al. « Video Game Addiction in Gambling Disorder : Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Correlates ». BioMed Research International 2014 (2014) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/315062.

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Objective. We studied the prevalences of video game use (VGU) and addiction (VGA) in gambling disorder (GD) patients and compared them with subjects with non-video game use (non-VGU) in relation to their gambling behavior, psychopathology, and personality characteristics.Method. A sample of 193 GD patients (121 non-VGU, 43 VGU, and 29 VGA) consecutively admitted to our pathological gambling unit participated in the study.Assessment. Measures included the video game dependency test (VDT), symptom checklist-90-revised, and the temperament and character inventory-revised, as well as a number of other GD indices.Results. In GD, the observed prevalence of VG (use or addiction) was 37.3% (95% CI:30.7%÷44.3),VGU 22.3% (95% CI:17.0%÷28.7), and VGA 15% (95% CI:10.7%÷20.7). Orthogonal polynomial contrast into logistic regression showed positive linear trends for VG level and GD severity and other measures of general psychopathology. After structural equation modeling, higher VG total scores were associated with younger age, general psychopathology, and specific personality traits, but not with GD severity. Patients’ sex and age were involved in the mediational pathways between personality traits and VG impairment.Conclusions. GD patients with VG are younger and present more dysfunctional personality traits, and more general psychopathology. The presence of VG did not affect the severity of GD.

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Ribeiro da Silva, Diana, Daniel Rijo, Paula Castilho et Paul Gilbert. « The Efficacy of a Compassion-Focused Therapy–Based Intervention in Reducing Psychopathic Traits and Disruptive Behavior : A Clinical Case Study With a Juvenile Detainee ». Clinical Case Studies 18, n^o 5 (15 mai 2019) : 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650119849491.

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Conduct disorder (CD) is the most diagnosed psychopathological disorder in juvenile detainees. The presence of a CD diagnosis, especially when associated with psychopathic traits, contributes to a poor prognosis, high recidivism rates, and low responsivity to treatment in these youth. Although group intervention programs have proven to be effective in decreasing antisocial behavior, studies testing their efficacy in reducing psychopathic traits are scarce and limited. Moreover, there is a lack of research focused on the efficacy of individual treatment approaches specifically designed to reduce psychopathic traits and disruptive behavior in juvenile detainees. Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) shows promising results in the treatment of several psychopathological disorders. Besides, there is some theoretical support to consider CFT a suitable approach to treating juvenile detainees. However, there are no treatment programs based on CFT that are designed to target psychopathic traits and disruptive behavior in these youth. Consequently, treatment outcome research in this area is absent. This clinical case study presents the treatment of a juvenile detainee with CD, a high psychopathic profile, and a very high risk for criminal recidivism using the PSYCHOPATHY.COMP program (a 20-session individual CFT program), which was specially designed to reduce psychopathic traits and disruptive behavior. The treatment outcome data revealed a significant reduction in psychopathic traits and disruptive behavior. The treatment gains were maintained and/or increased over time (3 months after program completion). This clinical case study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of the PSYCHOPATHY.COMP program in reducing psychopathic traits and disruptive behavior in a juvenile detainee.

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Forns-Santacana, Maria, Bernardí Martorell-Balanzó, Juan Antonio Amador-Campos et Judit Abad-Gil. « Relationships of Personality Factors with Clinical Dimensions and School Achievement ». Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, n^o 1 (février 1996) : 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.1.243.

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This study analyzes the association of personality traits, psychopathological factors, and school achievement. High School Personality Questionnaire, Clinical Analysis Questionnaire, and academic marks of 224 high school students (90 boys and 134 girls) are used. It can be stated that the predictive ability of measures of personality traits and clinical dimensions is very weak for both boys and girls. The Clinical Analysis Questionnaire does not seem to be useful in the prediction of school achievement.

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Aguera, Z. P., A. Nunez-Navarro, I. Krug, S. Jimenez-Murcia, R. Granero, E. Penelo, A. Karwautz, D. Collier, J. Treasure et F. Fernandez-Aranda. « Personality and psychopathological traits in spanish eating disorder males : A comparative study ». European Psychiatry 23 (avril 2008) : S178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.997.

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Hong, Ryan Y. « From Dispositional Traits to Psychopathological Symptoms : Social-Cognitive Vulnerabilities as Intervening Mechanisms ». Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 35, n^o 4 (16 mars 2013) : 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-013-9350-9.

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Perrotta, G. « The Psychopathological Profile of the Biblical God Called Yhwh (Yahweh) : A Psychological Investigation Into the Behaviour of The Judaic-Christian God Described in The Biblical Old Testament.. » Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery 4, n^o 5 (27 septembre 2019) : 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8868/086.

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Starting from the figure of the Jewish-Christian and biblical ancient-testamentary God YHWH (Yahweh), now become the one and true God, omniscient and omnipresent, for Judaism and religions of Christian origin, through the manipulation of the "sacred" text and the historical facts narrated, the present study deals with the thorny question of the psychopathological profile of this very controversial figure. The aim is to define the general framework, in order to trace a psychopathological profile consistent with the letter of the first Jewish-Christian texts: a path that will accompany the reader to recognize the pathological traits of the narcissistic personality of a "war man", falsely transformed from theology to a good, just and merciful "God".

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Steiger, Howard, Stephen Stotland, A. M. Ghadirian et Victor Whitehead. « Controlled study of eating concerns and psychopathological traits in relatives of eating-disordered probands : Do familial traits exist ? » International Journal of Eating Disorders 18, n^o 2 (septembre 1995) : 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-108x(199509)18:2<107 ::aid-eat2260180202>3.0.co;2-1.

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Giulio, Perrotta. « Psychopathologic evidence in the Italian “Trap Music” population ». Annals of Psychiatry and Treatment 6, n^o 1 (30 décembre 2022) : 062–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/apt.000046.

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Background and aims: In the last decade, a musical strand has emerged in the Italian national scene that has international roots since the 1990s of the last century: “Trap Music” and younger generations are increasingly fascinated by this genre, for various reasons. The present research hypothesizes the existence of a link between the choice of preference of this musical genre and the psychopathological profile of those who choose their first preference, hypothesizing that such individuals have on average a higher level of dysfunctional traits typical of cluster B (borderline, narcissistic, histrionic and antisocial), according to the PICI model and compared to the population. Materials and methods: Clinical interview, and administration of the battery of psychometric tests. The population sample was selected based on previous clinical contacts and voluntary participation through recruitment in major social networks (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok), a total of 4,368 participants, divided into three age groups (18-25, 26-37, 38-46) and two groups (the first “clinical” and the second “control”). SPSS, Anova test (with Bonferroni). Results and discussion: On average, the users selected in the clinical group population sample presented 81% of cases with a psychopathological personality profile (PICI-2) with at least 5 dysfunctional traits afferent to cluster B (bipolar, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and psychopathic) and at least 4 dysfunctional traits afferent to cluster C (paranoid, delusional, schizophrenic spectrum, dissociative), according to the PICI model, compared to 23.1% of the cases in the control group, which, however, shows traits more oriented toward neurotic tendencies (anxious, phobic-avoidant, obsessive, somatic). The investigation of dysfunctional sexual behaviors then showed, in the clinical group, the marked presence of the clinical condition of the users, with an average of 96.8% compared to 24% in the control group; in particular, the presence of a tendency toward pedophilic (under 13 years old) and pederastic (13-17 years old) paraphilia is noted for the average value between only the markings of the second and third clinical groups equal to 54.3% (with an overall phenomenon slightly more inclined toward the male group). Conclusion: It is concluded, therefore, that the starting hypothesis can be confirmed, as the hypothesized link between the primary preference choice of “Trap Music” and the psychopathological profile afferent to the dysfunctional traits of Cluster B (borderline, narcissistic, histrionic, antisocial and psychopathic), according to the PICI model and compared with the control group (CG) population, which has significantly lower pathological values (57.9% - 72.8%) than the clinical group (CG), appears credible and non-random.

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Girardi, Paolo, Edoardo Monaco, Claudio Prestigiacomo, Alessandra Talamo, Amedeo Ruberto et Roberto Tatarelli. « Personality and Psychopathological Profiles in Individuals Exposed to Mobbing ». Violence and Victims 22, n^o 2 (avril 2007) : 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/088667007780477320.

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Increasingly, mental health and medical professionals have been asked to assess claims of psychological harm arising from harassment at the workplace, or “mobbing.” This study assessed the personality and psychopathological profiles of 146 individuals exposed to mobbing using validity, clinical, and content scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2. Profiles and factor analyses were obtained. Two major dimensions emerged among those exposed to mobbing: (a) depressed mood, difficulty in making decisions, change-related anguish, and passive-aggressive traits (b) somatic symptoms, and need for attention and affection. This cross-sectional pilot study provides evidence that personality profiles of mobbing victims and psychological damage resulting from mobbing may be evaluated using standardized assessments, though a longitudinal study is needed to delineate cause-and-effect relationships.

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Chabrol, Henri, Jonathan Bronchain, Martin Debbané, Jean Chassagne et Patrick Raynal. « Borderline and schizotypal traits in college students : Relationship and personality profiles ». Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 84, n^o 4 (décembre 2020) : 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/bumc.2020.84.4.299.

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The relationships between borderline and schizotypal traits are still debated. Borderline traits, schizotypal traits, and several psychopathological symptoms were assessed among 2,341 college students. A factor analysis was performed on borderline and schizotypal personality measures, leading to 10 factors. Borderline factors were largely intercorrelated, as were schizotypal factors. Moreover, borderline factors were weakly to largely correlated to schizotypal factors. Five factors were very strongly correlated (r > .50). Dissociation was strongly related to Odd Beliefs/Unusual Perceptive Experiences and Anxious-Depressive factors. Social Anxiety was strongly related to Suspiciousness. Based on these 10 factors, a cluster analysis was conducted, and resulted in four clearly distinct groups: a Low Traits cluster, a Narcissistic cluster, a Social Anxiety cluster, and a High Traits cluster. This High Traits cluster had the lowest levels of academic achievement and the highest levels of internalizing behaviors and externalizing behaviors. The clinical implications of the results are discussed.

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Risoleo, Maria Cristina, Margherita Siciliano, Luigi Vetri, Ilaria Bitetti, Anna Di Sessa, Marco Carotenuto, Francesca Annunziata, Daniela Concolino et Rosa Marotta. « Psychopathological Risk Assessment in Children with Hyperphenylalaninemia ». Children 9, n^o 11 (31 octobre 2022) : 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9111679.

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Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare congenital disorder caused by decreased metabolism of phenylalanine determining cerebral impairments. If untreated, PKU might lead to intellectual disability, seizures and behavioral disorders. The aim of this study is to provide a characterization of the psychopathological profile of a pediatric population diagnosed with PKU at newborn screening. Methods: an accurate neuropsychological evaluation of 23 patients (aged 8–18 years) with hyperphenylalaninemia (defined as experimental group, EG) and in 23 age-matched healthy controls (defined as control group, CG) was performed using the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) and Self-Administrated Psychiatric Scales for Children and Adolescents (SAFA) questionnaires. Results: the CABI test showed significant differences for the sub-scales related to “Irritable mood”, “Oppositional-provocative symptoms” and “ADHD” in the EG compared to CG (p = 0.014, p = 0.032, and p = 0.032, respectively). Patients with hyperphenylalaninemia also presented with significant differences both for anxiety disorder scale and depression scale of SAFA test than controls (p = 0.018 and p = 0.009, respectively). Conclusions: children and adolescents with early diagnosis of PKU showed a psychopathological risk profile characterized by an increased risk of experiencing symptoms such as mood deflection, anxiety, attention deficit, oppositional defiant behavior, and obsessive traits than healthy peers. Our findings highlighted the need of the inclusion of a neuropsychiatric evaluation in the management of these patients to improve their overall quality of life.

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Miscioscia, Marina, Caterina Angelico, Alessia Raffagnato et Michela Gatta. « Psychopathological and Interactive-Relational Characteristics in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Adolescent Outpatients ». Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, n^o 5 (24 février 2022) : 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051218.

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Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is described as behaviors that directly and intentionally inflict damage to body tissue without suicidal intent and for reasons not linked to cultural expectations or norms. Literature has confirmed several “specific risk factors” related to NSSI behaviors; emotional reactivity, internalizing problems, alexithymia traits, and maladaptive family functioning can predispose an individual to intrapersonal and interpersonal vulnerabilities related to difficulties in regulating one’s own cognitive-emotional experience. The present study aims to analyze and define the psychopathological and family interactive-relational characteristics of adolescents with NSSI through a case-control study. Thirty-one patients with NSSI and thirty-one patients without NSSI paired for sex, age, and psychiatric diagnosis (ICD-10) were recruited in Padua among two Child Neuropsychiatry Units before the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show a higher prevalence of internalizing problems, alexithymia trait related to “difficulty identifying feelings”, and lower quality of family functioning related to inclusion of partners, child involvement, and child self-regulation. These results carry significant implications for the clinical management and therapeutic care of non-suicidal self-injury patients and further confirm the need for an in-depth investigation of internalizing problems, alexithymia, and quality of family interactions.

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Bellini, Massimo, Dario Gambaccini, Maria T. Urbano, Rocchina Colucci, Sonia Cortopassi, Stefano Salvadori, Francesco Costa et al. « Mo2044 Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Serotonin Transporter 5HTTLPR Polymorphism and Psychopathological Traits : Dangerous Relations ? » Gastroenterology 144, n^o 5 (mai 2013) : S—726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(13)62696-7.

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Bomba, Monica, Fabiola Corbetta, Luisa Bonini, Alessandro Gambera, Lucio Tremolizzo, Francesca Neri et Renata Nacinovich. « Psychopathological traits of adolescents with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea : a comparison with anorexia nervosa ». Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 19, n^o 1 (4 août 2013) : 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40519-013-0056-5.

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Raynal, Patrick, Tiffany Melioli et Henri Chabrol. « Personality disorder traits in young adults with subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms : Not just traits related to obsessive- compulsive personality ». Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 83, n^o 4 (décembre 2019) : 433–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/bumc_2019_83_05.

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Research is scarce regarding personality disorder traits of individuals with subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Cluster analysis based on obsessional, schizotypal, and borderline personality and autism-spectrum features was conducted on the results for 118 students scoring above cutoff on the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised. This identified four groups: O, L, S, and A. One third of the sample was represented by individuals with obsessional traits (O), while another third was composed of individuals with low traits (L); the last two profiles corresponded to a cluster with autistic traits (A) and a group with schizotypal and borderline features (S), both clusters together comprising the remaining third. Significant differences were observed between groups, both on personality traits and on psychopathological symptoms. The S cluster displayed the highest scores of suicidality, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. This study identified meaningful profiles of personality disorder traits, distinct from obsessive-compulsive personality, in individuals with subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

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Houben, Marlies, et Peter Kuppens. « Emotion Dynamics and the Association With Depressive Features and Borderline Personality Disorder Traits : Unique, Specific, and Prospective Relationships ». Clinical Psychological Science 8, n^o 2 (25 novembre 2019) : 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702619871962.

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Patterns of emotional change in daily life have been consistently linked to depressive and borderline personality disorder (BPD) features. However, dynamic measures and average affect show considerable statistical overlap, and depressive and BPD features are comorbid. Moreover, the prospective nature of these relationships is unclear. We used a measurement burst design in which 202 young adults with varying levels of psychopathological features participated in a week-long experience sampling at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Taking overlap into account, we found that BPD traits were uniquely and specifically linked to higher levels of variability in negative affect (NA). For depressive features, indications were found for a specific association with inertia of NA, but these results were not robust and consistent. In fact, overall, incremental predictive power of the dynamic measures above mean affect was limited, especially for depressive features. Prospective relationships showed that psychopathological features predicted stronger emotion dynamic patterns 1 year later rather than the other way around.

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Aymamí, N., S. Jiménez-Murcia, R. Granero, J. A. Ramos-Quiroga, F. Fernández-Aranda, L. Claes, A. Sauvaget et al. « Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Characteristics Associated with ADHD among Individuals Seeking Treatment for Gambling Disorder ». BioMed Research International 2015 (2015) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/965303.

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Objectives. (1) To assess the current presence of ADHD symptoms among patients seeking treatment for gambling disorder; (2) to explore clinical and sociodemographic differences between patients who score high and low on the measure of ADHD symptoms; (3) to analyze whether the presence of ADHD symptoms is associated with more severe psychopathology and with specific personality traits; (4) to analyze the mediating role of ADHD symptoms in the relationship between novelty seeking and gambling severity.Method. A total of 354 consecutive patients were administered an extensive battery assessing gambling behavior, psychopathology, and personality traits.Results. Male and female gamblers did not differ significantly in their mean scores on the ADHD measure. However, younger participants aged 18–35 scored higher. Higher ADHD scores were also associated with greater severity of gambling disorder and more general psychopathology. Regarding personality traits, high persistence and self-directedness were negatively related to ADHD scores, while in women alone a positive correlation was found between ADHD scores and scores on harm avoidance and self-transcendence.Conclusion. The presence of ADHD symptoms in both male and female gambling disorder patients may act as an indicator of the severity of gambling, general psychopathology, and dysfunctional personality traits.

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Borrelli, D., R. Ottoni, S. Maffei, N. Fascendini, C. Marchesi et M. Tonna. « The psychopathological trajectories to delusion in Schizophrenia : the affective and schizotypal pathways ». European Psychiatry 65, S1 (juin 2022) : S762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1968.

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Introduction Delusions are a key feature of schizophrenia psychopathology. From a phenomenological approach, Jaspers (1913) differentiates between “primary” or true schizophrenic delusions, defined as an unmediated phenomenon that cannot be understood in terms of prior psychological origin or motivation, and “secondary” delusions, understandable from the patient’s mood state or personality. Primary delusions have been considered the hallmark of reality distorsion dimension in schizophrenia, disregarding a possible affective patwhay to delusional belief. Objectives The present study was aimed at elucidating the psychopathological trajectories to delusion in schizophrenia through the investigation of both affective and schizotypal trait dispositions. Methods Seventy-eight participants affected by schizophrenia were administered the Peters Delusional Inventory (PDI), the Positive and Negative Affective Scale (PANAS), the Experience of Shame Scale (ESS), the Referential Thinking Scale (REF), the Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) and the Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS). Results The severity of delusional ideation (PDI) was positively related to both affective (PANAS positive dimension, ESS) and schizotypal traits (MIS, PAS and REF). Moreover, referential thinking (REF) mediated the relationship between “magical ideation” (MIS) and delusions severity (Fig. 1), whereas experience of shame (ESS) was a moderating factor in the between referential thinking and delusion severity (Fig. 2). Conclusions The study findings suggest that in schizophrenia patients, severity of delusions is underpinned by an intertwining of both affective and schizotypal pathways. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Stefanatou, Pentagiotissa, Lida Alkisti Xenaki, George Konstantakopoulos, Anthoula Papaiakovou, Irene Ralli, Aristea D. Berk, Diamantina S. Katopodi et al. « Psychopathological Determinants of Quality of Life in People with Borderline Personality Disorder ». Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, n^o 1 (20 décembre 2022) : 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010030.

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Background: Subjective quality of life (SQOL) in people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a marker of disease burden; a crucial treatment outcome; an indicator of psychosocial functioning; and a measure of interventions’ effectiveness. Given the dearth of consolidated data, the current study examined psychopathological determinants of global and domain-specific SQOL in people with BPD. Methods: Hierarchical regression models were employed to examine in BPD patients (n = 150) the relationships of the number of BPD diagnostic criteria; the co-occurrence of other personality disorders (PDs); depression; state and trait anxiety; suicidality; self-harming; alcohol and substance use disorders with SQOL indices, namely physical health, psychological health, social relationships, environment, overall QOL and overall health. SQOL was estimated using the WHOQOL-BREF instrument. Results: Co-existing symptomatology such as depression, state and trait anxiety, and personality pathology, namely the co-occurrence of other PDs, exhibited significant associations with global and domain-specific SQOL, albeit depression was the strongest determinant of the most SQOL domains. In contrast, the number of BPD diagnostic criteria and central illness features such as suicidality, self-harming behaviour, and impulsivity manifested through alcohol and substance use did not exhibit significant associations with any SQOL dimension. Conclusions: Comprehensive assessment of depressive symptoms should be regularly implemented in BPD services to facilitate early detection and treatment, thereby ensuring patients’ SQOL. Accordingly, tackling anxiety and other PDs co-occurrence through appropriate interventions can facilitate more effective SQOL improvement. Our findings can be explained by the hypothesis that co-existing psychopathology such as depression, anxiety and co-occurrence of other PDs in BPD patients represent illness severity indices better than comorbid disorders, and might fully mediate the effect of BPD traits on SQOL. Future mediation analysis is required to elucidate this hypothesis.

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Mannarini, Stefania, et Johann Roland Kleinbub. « Parental-Bonding and Alexithymia in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa, Their Parents, and Siblings ». Behavioral Sciences 12, n^o 5 (24 avril 2022) : 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12050123.

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) patients and their family-members share alexithymia, anxiety, depression, and other psychological symptoms, in the context of altered attachment. These domains have been individually studied in the context of eating disorders; few attempts have been made to study their interaction, especially including family members. In this study, alexithymia, parental-bonding, and psychopathology were assessed in 32 Italian families consisting of an adolescent AN patient, a sibling, and their parents. We aimed to (a) describe a sample of Italian families with a child affected by AN, notably including siblings; (b) investigate interactions between assessed constructs in patients and their siblings; and (c) investigate possible intergenerational effects. Results showed high alexithymia and psychopathological symptoms in patients but not in siblings, although the latter reported high obsession–compulsion and paranoid ideation scores. Patients’ and siblings’ alexithymia correlated with psychopathology. Parents reported generally low alexithymia. Perceived parental bonding was found to be suboptimal in most participants, yet no clear relationship was found between specific parenting styles and other measured traits, nor did we find any other relevant intergenerational effect. Anorexia nervosa implies psychological difficulties for all family members. Siblings’ psychopathological traits are especially concerning and currently understudied. Implications for future research and clinical interventions are discussed.

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Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, Roser Granero, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Neus Aymamí, Mónica Gómez-Peña, Gemma Mestre-Bach, Trevor Steward et al. « Developmental trajectories of gambling severity after cognitive-behavioral therapy ». European Psychiatry 60 (août 2019) : 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.04.001.

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AbstractAims:To estimate trajectories of the gambling disorder (GD) severity for 12 months following a manualized cognitive-behavior-therapy (CBT) program, and to identify the main variables associated with each trajectory.Methods:Latent Class Growth Analysis examined the longitudinal changes of n = 603 treatment-seeking patients with GD.Results:Five separate empirical trajectories were identified: T1 (n = 383, 63.5%) was characterized by the most highest baseline gambling severity levels and positive progress to recovery during the follow-up period; T2 (n = 154, 25.5%) featured participants with high baseline gambling severity and good progress to recovery; T3 (n = 30, 5.0%) was made up of patients with high gambling baseline severity and slow progress to recovery; T4 (n = 13, 2.2%) and T5 (n = 23, 3.8%) contained participants with high baseline gambling severity and moderate (T4) and poor (T5) progress in GD severity during the follow-up. Psychopathological state and personality traits discriminated between trajectories. Poor compliance with the therapy guidelines and the presence of relapses also differed between the trajectories.Conclusions:Our findings show that patients seeking treatment for GD are heterogeneous and that trends in progress following treatment can be identified considering sociodemographic features, psychopathological state and personality traits. These results could be useful in developing more efficient interventions for GD patients.

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Šram, Zlatko, et Rodger K. Bufford. « Values and personality traits as predictors of Catholic religiosity ». Obnovljeni život 76, n^o 1 (21 janvier 2021) : 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31337/oz.76.1.5.

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The main goal of this study was to investigate the dimensions of value orientations and personality traits that underly Catholic religiosity. The survey was carried out on a convenient adult sample of members of the Croatian ethnic minority across the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in the Republic of Serbia (N = 189); 97% were members of the Roman Catholic Church. Four measures were included in the questionnaire: Religiosity, the Schwartz Value Scale, the Big Five Personality Inventory, and the Dark Triad of Personality. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to explore how value orientation and personality traits impact religiosity. Conservation (Traditional) values and Self-Transcendence values emerged as significant positive predictors, whereas Openness to Change values emerged as a significant negative predictor of religiosity. Agreeableness and Conscientiousness emerged as significant positive predictors, whereas Extraversion emerged as a significant negative predictor of religiosity. Machiavellianism and Psychopathy were also shown to be significant negative predictors of religiosity; in order, Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and Conservation values accounted for 23% of the variance in Catholic Religiosity. We found that the Schwartz value orientations had a somewhat greater explanatory power than the Big Five personality traits, and that the Dark Triad of personality traits had a greater explanatory power in predicting Catholic religiosity than either the Schwartz value orientations or the Big Five personality traits. We argued that religiosity is not generally more correlated with values than with personality traits, as is often suggested. It depends primarily on the type of personality trait models involved, i.e. its psychopathological underpinning.

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Matsuoka, Keiko, Yoshiharu Kim, Shuta Toshida et Nobuyori Ohshima. « Relationships between age of onset, antisocial history and general psychopathological traits in Japanese alcoholics ». Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 54, n^o 4 (août 2000) : 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1819.2000.00730.x.

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Raynal, Patrick, Nelly Goutaudier, Victoria Nidetch et Henri Chabrol. « Typology of schizotypy in non-clinical young adults : Psychopathological and personality disorder traits correlates ». Psychiatry Research 246 (décembre 2016) : 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.042.

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Urbano, M. T., D. Gambaccini, R. Colucci, S. Cortopassi, S. Salvadori, C. Racale, S. Pianadei et al. « OC.04.6 IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME, SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER 5HTTLPR POLYMORPHISM AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL TRAITS : DANGEROUS RELATIONS ? » Digestive and Liver Disease 45 (mars 2013) : S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(13)60180-2.

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Kotrulja, L., M. Tadinac, N. Joki-Begi et R. Gregurek. « A Multivariate Analysis of Clinical Severity, Psychological Distress and Psychopathological Traits in Psoriatic Patients ». Acta Dermato Venereologica 90, n^o 3 (2010) : 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/00015555-0838.

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Barlati, S., G. Deste, M. Gregorelli et A. Vita. « Autistic traits in a sample of adult patients with schizophrenia : prevalence and correlates ». Psychological Medicine 49, n^o 1 (20 mars 2018) : 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718000600.

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AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are currently conceptualized as distinct disorders. However, the relationship between these two disorders has been revisited in recent years due to evidence that they share phenotypic and genotypic expressions. This study aimed to identify ASD traits in patients with schizophrenia, and to define their demographic, psychopathological, cognitive and functional correlates.MethodSeventy-five schizophrenia patients (20 females, mean age 42 ± 12) were evaluated with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Participants were also assessed with clinical, neuropsychological, and psychosocial functioning measures.ResultsOf the 75 patients, 47 were negative to all the autism scales administered (ADOS-TOT-NEG), 21 patients were positive to the ADOS Language sub-domain (ADOS-L-POS), 21 patients were positive to the ADOS Reciprocal Social Interaction (RSI) sub-domain (ADOS-RSI-POS), 14 patients were positive to the ADOS Total scale (ADOS-TOT-POS), and nine patients were positive to the ADI-R scale (ADI-R-POS). Demographic (duration of illness), psychopathological (negative symptoms and general psychopathology), and cognitive (working memory and processing speed) differences emerged between schizophrenic patients with and without ASD traits, while no differences in psychosocial functioning were detected. Results of this study indicate the existence, in a sample of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, of a distinct group of subjects with ASD features, characterized by specific symptomatological and cognitive profile.ConclusionsThese findings may contribute to better characterize patients with schizophrenia in order to develop new procedures and therapeutic tools in a more personalized perspective.

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Giulio, Perrotta. « The psychopathological roots of affective dependence : The origin and clinical evolution of the toxic bond ». Annals of Psychiatry and Treatment 6, n^o 1 (28 juillet 2022) : 017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/apt.000040.

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Background and aims: Starting from the concept of “affective addiction”, then reworked and critiqued according to a clinical key, it was hypothesized that it is not a behavioral addiction, as erroneously determined by modern psychiatry, but is a symptom of a well-identified personality disorder. The purpose of this research is to test the correctness of this hypothesis. Materials and methods: Clinical interview, based on narrative-anamnestic and documentary evidence and the basis of the Perrotta Human Emotions Model (PHEM) concerning their emotional and perceptual-reactive experience, and administration of the battery of psychometric tests published in international scientific journals by the author of this work: 1) Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interviews (PICI-2), to investigate functional and dysfunctional personality traits; 2) Perrotta Individual Sexual Matrix Questionnaire (PSM-Q), to investigate the individual sexual matrix; 3) Perrotta Affective Dependence Questionnaire (PAD-Q), to investigate the profiles of affective and relational dependence; 4) Perrotta Human Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire (PDM-Q), to investigate the defense mechanisms of the Ego. Results: In a population sample of 206 subjects (103 m/f couples, in a stable relationship for at least 1 year and heterosexual), it was found that the totality exhibited at least 5 dysfunctional personality traits of the borderline, dependent, and masochistic types, with secondary traits of the neurotic, narcissistic covert, psychotic and histrionic types. Almost the totality of the sample also showed marked dysfunctionality of a sexual nature and activation of defense mechanisms typical of psychopathological processes. Conclusions: The data obtained confirmed the study hypothesis, and it is, therefore, plausible to think that affective addiction is not a behavioral addiction but a manifested symptom of a broader framework of personality disorder and that it is established in subjects with the same dysfunctional personality traits. Such subjects, in close relational contact, hyperactivate themselves, according to a logic of pathological determinism. The maintenance of hyperactivation then facilitates the decompensation of the subject’s psychopathological picture, reinforcing dysfunctionality and feeding the pathological circle that keeps one’s personality structure alive, in a continuous feeding determined by the similar or same-natured traits present in the partner. This also explains why, once affective dependence is established, it is so complicated to succeed in breaking the chain of events that keeps the dysfunctional relationship alive, since overactivation prevents a correct, conscious, and rational assessment of the factors at play in relationships between elements and people. To summarize: the more the hyperactivation persists, the more it reinforces the psychopathological decompensation that keeps alive both the toxic relationship and the bond between the two individuals who, while tending toward destruction or self-destruction, fail to break the affective, sentimental, and sexual bond, maintaining over time an increasingly toxic dysfunctional attachment.

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Kholmogorova, A. B., et A. A. Gerasimova. « Psychological Factors of Problematic Internet Use in Adolescent and Young Girls ». Консультативная психология и психотерапия 27, n^o 3 (2019) : 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2019270309.

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The article introduces a study of the problematic Internet use (PIU) interrelationship with psychological well-being, psychopathological symptoms, and various personality traits. The study involved 432 females aged 14 to 23 years old (M = 17.2, SD = 2) and evaluated with Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale (GPIUS3), Ten Item Personality Measure (TIPI), Perfectionism Inventory, Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Well-Being Index (WHO-5), and Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). The results indicate that PIU is associated with various psychopathological symptoms and a decrease in psychological well-being. According to multiple linear regression analysis, hypersensitive narcissism, perfectionism, and phobic anxiety are found to be significant predictors of PIU. Protective factors are Conscientiousness of the Big Five and the level of psychological well-being. The paper suggests risk and protective factors that must be considered when preventing the Problematic Internet Use in adolescent and young girls.

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Abel, Rahel Gloria Natalia, et Setyani Alfinuha. « Karakteristik Kepribadian Narapidana Kasus Pembunuhan Berencana Ditinjau dari Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 ». Journal An-Nafs : Kajian Penelitian Psikologi 5, n^o 2 (30 novembre 2020) : 184–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33367/psi.v5i2.1140.

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Crime as premeditated murder is one of the main problems in Indonesia. The prevalence of murder cases tends to increase. Personality characteristics that play a role in the case of premeditated murder are unique. Prison convicts have varied and unique personality compared to people in general. A test uses to find out the personality traits that were needed to administer. Thus, the diagnosis and application of intervention were preciseness. The measuring instrument employed in this study was the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). This study aims to determine the psychopathological indications of convicted murder cases in MMPI-2. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with one participant planning murder who was serving a prison sentence of 20 years. The result is participants had a psychopathological predisposition to schizophrenia (84 = very high), paranoia (83 = very high), and hypomania (81 = very high). A prisoner with this kind of psychopathological predisposition tended to feel insecure, lonely, anxious, and depressed but sometimes also felt happy or have excessive energy. The participant also avoided social relations and did not want to involve emotions deeply. The results of MMPI-2 showed that the characteristics of schizophrenia, paranoid, hypomania might encourage someone to commit sadistic behavior such as serial killings

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Forcano, Laura, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Eva Álvarez-Moya, Cynthia Bulik, Roser Granero, Mònica Gratacòs, Susana Jiménez-Murcia et al. « Suicide attempts in bulimia nervosa : Personality and psychopathological correlates ». European Psychiatry 24, n^o 2 (mars 2009) : 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.10.002.

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AbstractBackgroundLittle evidence exists about suicidal acts in eating disorders and its relation with personality. We explored the prevalence of lifetime suicide attempts (SA) in women with bulimia nervosa (BN), and compared eating disorder symptoms, general psychopathology, impulsivity and personality between individuals who had and had not attempted suicide. We also determined the variables that better correlate with of SA.MethodFive hundred sixty-six BN outpatients (417 BN purging, 47 BN non-purging and 102 subthreshold BN) participated in the study.ResultsLifetime prevalence of suicide attempts was 26.9%. BN subtype was not associated with lifetime SA (p = 0.36). Suicide attempters exhibited higher rates on eating symptomatology, general psychopathology, impulsive behaviors, more frequent history of childhood obesity and parental alcohol abuse (p < 0.004). Suicide attempters exhibited higher scores on harm avoidance and lower on self-directedness, reward dependence and cooperativeness (p < 0.002). The most strongly correlated variables with SA were: lower education, minimum BMI, previous eating disorder treatment, low self-directedness, and familial history of alcohol abuse (p < 0.006).ConclusionOur results support the notion that internalizing personality traits combined with impulsivity may increase the probability of suicidal behaviors in these patients. Future research may increase our understanding of the role of suicidality to work towards rational prevention of suicidal attempts.

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Conversano, Ciro, Laura Marchi, Rebecca Ciacchini, Claudia Carmassi, Bastianina Contena, Laura Maria Bazzichi et Angelo Gemignani. « Personality Traits in Fibromyalgia (FM) : Does FM Personality Exists ? A Systematic Review ». Clinical Practice & ; Epidemiology in Mental Health 14, n^o 1 (28 septembre 2018) : 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901814010223.

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Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is the second most common rheumatic disease with many effects on patient's quality of life. It has been described as a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculo-skeletal pain, sleep disorders and prominent fatigue. Regarding the role of personality factors in fibromyalgia, researchers have focused both on personality traits and psychopathological aspects showing inconsistent results. In particular, several studies have examined the role of alexithymia in FM patients, a trait of personality characterized by difficulty in identification, recognition and description of emotions and feelings, while others have focused on a specific type of personality, such as type D personality (distressed personality). Other studies investigated personality in FM patients referring to Cloninger’s model, a psychobiological model of personality that includes both temperamental and character dimensions of personality. Analyzing scientific literature on this subject seems well suited to provide a critical review of the latest studies and their results. Methods: The method used for this review satisfies the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We identified PsycInfo and PubMed as databases for our research. Results: Personality is studied under many aspects and a reference model is not always present. Many studies underline high levels of alexithymia and type D personality in FM patients but when depression is controlled, these results do not differ from those of healthy controls. Conclusion: Studies that use a comprehensive model of personality present a different theoretical approach and use alternatively the Big-Five model, Eysenck’s and Cloninger’s models. The use of a comprehensive model of personality and the control of psychopathological disorders, such as anxiety and depression, seem to be very relevant for a better understanding of a specific personality profile associated with fibromyalgia.

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Lesic, Aleksandar, et Petar Opalic. « Psychopathological responses of physically injured persons ». Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 131, n^o 7-8 (2003) : 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0308306l.

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The idea to monitor and research psychopathological responses of physically injured persons in a more systematic manner has come from our observation of huge differences in patient behavior, whose psychological responses were noticeably changed and often inappropriate. The behavior aberrations were all the more striking because we treated wartime injuries in addition to peacetime ones. Our sample had 175 patient subjects, of both sexes different ages, marital status and professions. A group of 70 patients treated in the Institute for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology were divided into two subgroups. The first experimental subgroup (E1) consisted of 26 (37.1%) patients physically injured in combat. The second subgroup (E2) had 44 (62.9%) patients physically injured in peacetime circumstances (car accidents, work accidents, etc). The physical injuries encompassed injuries to spinal column and extremities. The control (K) consisted of 105 subjects without physical injuries. The clinical picture and psychological reactions of the patients were examined by means of 4 instruments - PTSD-10 scale or posttraumatic symptoms scale [1 ], Family Homogeneity Index /FHI with 19 variables, applied to measure the relation between the family system homogeneity and accident effects [2], Short Eysenck's Personality Inventory applied to investigate neuroticism and extroversion and introversion traits [3], Late Effects of Accidental Injury Questionnaire [4]. Our observations of psychological responses of patients in our ward (insomnia, sedatives intake) were mostly confirmed by tests conducted with the above instruments. In the group of the wartime injured (E1), as well as in the control (K), Eysenck's scale proved a significantly higher degree of neuroticism in comparison to the peacetime injured. Such results indicated that the wartime injured would most probably develop the picture of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Such a conclusion was related not only to the seriousness of injuries but also to the circumstances of their occurrence. The proneness to develop PTSD symptoms was not in correlation with the preparedness for accident, it being much poorer in peacetime injuries, as opposed to wartime patients, who had been prepared to the possibility of injury occurrence. The highest value of family homogeneity (FHI) was established in the wartime injured, which led us to conclude that the injury contributed to the cohesion of the family from which the patient came. By extracting some questions related to psychopathological entities such as insomnia, depression, somatization, anxiety, and cognitive disorders, the following results were obtained. Depression was the most frequent in both groups of injuries. Anxiety was also present in the control group; and insomnia and somatization, that is, conversion symptoms, were present in both groups of the injured. By examining narrower psychological characteristics of the wartime injured revealed dissociation problems derangement to be the most frequent. Then follow the symptoms of depression which occur significantly more frequently in the wartime injured in comparison to the peacetime injured. The phenomenological symptoms of derangement and depression proved to be reliable parameters of physical trauma. It is also significant that the three characteristics showed correlation to psychopathological responses: severity of surgery, paralysis and acute injury.

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