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Maharjan, Sailesh. « IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAIT MINDFULNESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS INDIRECT ? » CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/498.
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Mindfulness, purposeful attention without judgment or acceptance, and related practices are increasingly popular with a large number of people and have been incorporated into many western psychotherapies (e.g., Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy). There is considerable debate over whether mindfulness is best studied as a state, trait or procedure. Although many studies have found that trait mindfulness is related to physical and mental health outcomes, less is known about the mechanism(s) through which mindfulness enhances clinical outcomes. The current study explored the role of potential mediators of the relationship between trait mindfulness and psychological outcomes, i.e., psychological distress. Specifically, we examined whether the relationship between trait mindfulness and psychological distress is indirect, with mediators such as emotion regulation (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and emotion suppression, experiential avoidance, cognitive flexibility (i.e., alternative), and psychological inflexibility accounting for the relationship. We measured trait mindfulness, psychological distress, emotion regulation, cognitive flexibility, experiential avoidance and acceptance in a large sample of undergraduate students. We hypothesized that the relationship between trait mindfulness and psychological outcomes is indirect and may be due to enhanced acceptance, flexibility, and emotion regulation. We conducted a sequential regression, simple mediational, and multiple mediational analyses to test hypotheses. Results revealed that the proposed mediators explained additional variances in psychological distress above and beyond trait mindfulness. The simple mediational analyses indicated that individually, psychological inflexibility, emotion regulation (only cognitive reappraisal), and experiential avoidance mediated the relationship between trait mindfulness and psychological distress. Finally, the multiple mediational analysis revealed that, when tested simultaneously, only psychological inflexibility mediated the association between trait mindfulness and psychological distress. Implications of results for developing treatment packages that include mindfulness practices are discussed. Limitations of the cross-sectional design, the measurements, and definitional issues of trait mindfulness are discussed as well.
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Russon, Ryan K. « Computerized Measurement of Psychological Vital Signs in a Clinical Setting ». [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000097.
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Maruskin, Laura Anne. « "The Chills" as a Psychological Response : Affective Composition, Trait Antecedents, and Factor Structure ». W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626640.
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Rowles, Joanna Rochelle Duan Changming. « Psychological resilience related to perceived racism among African American adults ». Diss., UMK access, 2007.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2007."A dissertation in counseling psychology." Advisor: Changming Duan. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed July 30, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-106). Online version of the print edition.
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Harvey, Michelle B. « Development and Psychometric Validation of the State-Trait Spirituality Inventory ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4609/.
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The present study contributes to the widening body of spirituality research by conceptualizing it as a state-trait construct. A new measure of spirituality, the State-Trait Spirituality Inventory (STSI), was created and validated according to psychometric methods of test construction. In its current form, the STSI contains seven state spirituality items and six trait spirituality items. A thorough review of the literature identified common themes in spirituality definitions and assisted in developing definitions of trait and state spirituality. Internal consistency for the trait scale was .88 and for the state scale, .68. Good test-retest reliability was found with coefficients of .84 for trait spirituality and .81 for state spirituality. Results from a preliminary undergraduate sample as well as from the validation sample yielded a two-factor solution. In general, items determined by expert panels as trait items loaded on one factor and items deemed to be state items loaded on the second factor. Multitrait multimethod analysis yielded mixed findings for convergent, divergent, and concurrent validity for the spirituality and religiosity traits. Methods consisted of paper-and-pencil cognitive and behavioral measures. Cognitive measures were more likely to support convergent/divergent validity than were behavioral measures. A major emphasis in the study was to determine whether state and/or trait spirituality were able to predict current health status and provide evidence for predictive validity. Positive relationships were identified between trait spirituality and the mental health measures of the Short Form-36® (SF-36). In contrast, it was negatively related to the Role-Physical scale. State spirituality was inversely related to the Physical Component scale. These findings are discussed within the context of minimal research using the SF-36 and spirituality measures. The MTMM analysis was limited by available spirituality and religiosity measures that contain only cognitive or behavioral items. Suggestions for future research are offered.
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Athey, Alison J. « Trait Impulsivity and Its Association with Suicide Risk ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1467997145.
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Hanchon, Timothy A. « The relations among perfectionism, achievement goals, and psychological adjustment in college students ». Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1364942.
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The present study attempted to replicate a previously documented typology of perfectionism in a sample of college students (N=216). Furthermore, this study sought to determine whether a set of predictor variables comprised of selected subscales from the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales (PALS) and the College Adjustment Scales (CAS) could be used to reliably predict groups of perfectionists. Students' scores from the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) were entered into a two-step cluster analysis, which revealed four clusters: Mixed-Maladaptive (N=62), Pervasive (N=43), Mixed-Adaptive (N=53), and Non-Perfectionists (N=32). A standard discriminant analysis was then calculated, with measures of achievement goal orientation and psychological symptomatology serving as the independent variables, and perfectionism cluster group serving as the dependent variable. This analysis yielded two statistically significant discriminant functions. The first function, labeled Maladaptive Parental Influences, was comprised of two subscales which were related to students' perceptions of their relations with their parents. Pervasive perfectionists showed the highest mean value on the first function, while Non-Perfectionists were lowest. The second function, Intrapersonal Adaptive Outcomes, consisted of a total of seven subscales, four of which measured problem areas for the student, and showed a positive correlation with the overall function value. The other three subscales assessed traditionally adaptive-oriented concepts. Moreover, higher scores on these adaptive-oriented subscales showed a negative correlation with the overall function value, suggesting a lower function value reflected a healthier profile for the individual. As such, Mixed-Adaptive perfectionists showed the lowest mean value on the second function, while Mixed-Maladaptive perfectionists had the highest value. Of particular note, the Performance-Avoid subscale from the PALS was not found to significantly discriminate among the four perfectionism clusters, a surprising result given the conceptual similarities that the two constructs share with one another. However, an interesting new avenue in the study of the development of perfectionism is offered in the current study, whereby students' perceptions of their parents' achievement goals for them were empirically linked to their own manifestations of perfectionism, which had not been previously documented in the literature to the researcher's knowledge.Department of Educational Psychology
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Khazon, Steven. « Developing a Word Fragment Completion Task for Measuring Trait Aggression ». Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1318256242.
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Barnhart, Gwendolyn S. « Psychometric Development of the Autism Trait Survey ». Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1621285830016343.
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Abdullatif, Qutayba. « Effects of trait anxiety and cognitive appraisals on emotional reactions to psychological and physical stressors ». [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002144.
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Cameron, Shri. « Psychological antecedents of suicidal behavior ». Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4212.
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While research highlights a number of risk factors for suicide, not all individuals displaying these characteristics will go on to attempt suicide. Depressed mood is a proximal indicator of suicide, with deterioration in already depressed mood increasing the likelihood of a suicide attempt. The overall aim of this thesis was to empirically test the Cognitive Model of Suicide by Wenzel and Beck (2008). This model proposes that each of the three components, dispositional vulnerabilities, mood disturbance and suicide related cognitions, may influence each other to enhance the propensity for a suicidal crisis. The thesis starts by examining the relationship between two personality characteristics (neuroticism and trait aggression) and current depressed mood, and then focuses on the relationship between suicidality and current depressed mood. Although autobiographical memories have been implied as a possible risk factor for suicidality, meta-analytical studies have highlighted discrepancies between sampling techniques which may limit interpretablity. Therefore, the first series of studies aimed to establish a protocol for assessing autobiographical memories. The second and third series of studies aimed to investigate whether the relationships between current depressed mood and specific personality factors (neuroticism and trait aggression) were indirectly influenced by other known risk factors that may affect cognitive processing of information (rumination, overgenerality, impulsivity). Moreover, these studies aimed to determine whether the same cognitive processing factors effected current depressed mood in non-suicidal and suicide attempt groups. The final series of studies aimed to determine whether these risk factors (neuroticism, trait aggression, brooding, impulsivity, and overgenerality) mediated the relationship between suicidality and current depressed mood. Findings indicated that compared to the non-suicidal group, individuals in the suicide attempt group was more likely to be influenced by the effects of trait aggression and brooding, and that the combination of these factors were positively associated with current depressed mood. In contrast, neuroticism and impulsivity appeared to influence individuals who had experienced suicidal ideation more than individuals who report never having suicidal thoughts or attempting suicide. Compared to the non-suicidal group, however, neuroticism and impulsivity did not show a significant association for current depressed mood in the suicidal ideation group. Findings supported the Interacting Sub-Systems model and are discussed in relation to the Cognitive Model of Suicide model.
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Hourigan, Yin. « Youth unemployment, psychological distress and job search motivation : an examination of the role of resilience / ». [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18462.pdf.
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Ko, Yili 1963. « The relationship of age, gender, education, state trait anxiety, and stress among NICU parents ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558190.
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Wong, Wing-suen, et 黃泳旋. « Trait/situational empathy and helping tendencies of HK adolescents in bullying incidents : implications for anti-bullying practices ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196517.
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The present study aimed at investigating the effects of empathy and situational sympathy on the helping tendency of bystanders in school bullying incidents, and thus, provide some insights for the school anti-bullying programmes. One hundred and seventy one junior secondary school students participated in the study. Results indicate that, on top of empathy, situational sympathy is an additional predictor of helping tendencies in bullying incidents. Moreover, situational sympathy further promotes the “Stop the bully” act in verbal, physical and cyber bullying. Students at higher grade level displayed lower helping tendency in verbal and cyber bullying situations. The bystander effect was not supported also. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as suggestions for future investigation, were discussed.published_or_final_version
Educational Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
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Plumb, Sarah. « A positive clinical psychology approach to developing resilience among state employed nurses ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018879.
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Nurses are confronted with numerous work-related stressors that can result in burnout. This can contribute to absenteeism and high turn-over rates in the nursing profession. A review of the literature indicated that psycho-educational interventions to increase resilience could be an effective way of addressing this problem. The study aimed to develop a positive clinical-psychology approach to increasing resilience in State employed nurses. The study used a mixed-method approach to determine the current psychological functioning of a sample of 87 nurses. Quantitative data on personality traits, character strengths and levels of resilience were obtained, using the NEO PI-R, VIA – IS, and Resilience Scale. Qualitative data on the coping responses of nurses were obtained through the thematic analysis of focus groups. These data were integrated to create a positive clinical psychology conceptualisation of resilience and to develop therapeutic guidelines for a group psycho-educational intervention. The results of the study indicated a struggling psychological profile. This was defined as the ability to deal with work-related stressors – but with the potential risk of developing symptoms of burnout. The moderate levels of resilience were attributed to elevated character strengths in the sample. The distribution of personality traits indicated that the nurses in the sample were at risk of developing burnout; and this prevented them from flourishing. These data were synthesised to create therapeutic guidelines for developing resilience aimed: (1) increasing emotional stability and invulnerability; (2) increasing agreeableness; and (3) increasing conscientiousness. These guidelines were based on the personality traits that were deemed to negatively impact the resilience of the nurses. These personality traits were correlated with several character strengths that displayed strong relationships with resilience. This indicated that resilience could be developed through the cultivation of the following character strengths: perspective; perseverance; fairness; forgiveness; leadership; love; zest; hope; curiosity; and appreciation of beauty and excellence. These character strengths were identified to facilitate the positive adaptation of the personality traits identified in the therapeutic guidelines. A group psycho-educational intervention was developed, using the positive clinical psychology conceptualisation of resilience. The literature was reviewed to identify techniques to cultivate the ten character strengths specified in the therapeutic guidelines. These techniques were adapted to create experiential learning processes for the intervention. This psycho-educational programme can be applied as a secondary and tertiary intervention. It can be used to increase resilience to prevent burnout among nurses. It can also be used to psychologically empower nurses that have existing symptoms of burnout.
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Navrady, Lauren. « Quantifying psychological resilience and elucidating its mechanisms using multivariate modelling ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31259.
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It is estimated that approximately 30% of individuals worldwide are affected by mental health problems during their lifetime. Currently, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and a leading cause of non-lethal disability worldwide. However, despite exposure to known risk factors for MDD, human responses to it vary widely. Whilst some individuals develop MDD, others develop only mild and transient symptoms or no depressive symptomology at all. This ability to 'bounce back' from or 'escape' the development of psychiatric illness is referred to as psychological resilience (Chapter 1). Scientific and clinical interest in resilience has grown exponentially over recent decades, but wide discrepancies are still found in both its definition and measurement. As such, resilience is rarely measured directly, but inferred from the measurement of two specific points of convergence; adversity (its antecedents) and positive adaptation (its consequences). Whilst the study of adversity and positive adaptation has informed our knowledge of resilience it often fails to consider other putative risk factors for MDD (such as genetics), or potential protective factors that may foster resilience despite risk. More recently, examining protective factors have become a focus of research in relation to resilience. This research suggests that numerous protective factors coalesce to contribute to resilient outcomes which give rise to a dynamic resilience process that varies contextually and temporally. Although investigating resilience may be expected to reveal similar findings to studying MDD itself, it does represent a new facet to scientific and clinical research. Specifically, resilience focuses on intervention long before the development of MDD when effects on subsequent suffering may be ameliorated. For this reason, it is imperative to address the concept of resilience, concentrating on the core components of adversity, positive adaptation and protective factors, to move beyond description towards an understanding of individual differences in resilience (Chapter 2). In this thesis, three studies will be presented which aim to examine psychological resilience from multiple perspectives to further delineate the concept. In Chapter 3, the associations and interactions between neuroticism and general intelligence (g) on MDD, and psychological distress were examined in GS:SFHS (Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study) to investigate whether g mitigates the detrimental effects of neuroticism on mental health, as such an association has previously been identified for physical health and mortality. A larger replication was also performed in UK Biobank using a self-reported measure of depression. Across two large samples it was found that intelligence provides protection against psychological distress and self-reported depression in individuals high in neuroticism, but intelligence confers no such protection against clinical MDD in those high in neuroticism. In Chapter 4, a new dataset is presented which was designed to investigate psychological resilience and mental health. Specifically, the STRADL (Stratifying Resilience and Depression Longitudinally) dataset aimed to re-contact existing GS:SFHS participants to obtain repeat measures of MDD and psychological distress in addition to obtaining data on resilience, coping style and adverse life experiences. This dataset has the potential to identify mechanisms and pathways to resilience but also elucidate causal mechanisms and pathways of depression sub-types. Chapter 5 investigated whether neuroticism and resilience are downstream mediators of genetic risk for depression, and whether they contribute independently to such risk. Specifically, the moderating and mediating relationships between polygenic risk scores (PRS) for depression, neuroticism, resilience, and both clinical and self-reported MDD were examined in STRADL. Regression analyses indicated that neuroticism and PRS for depression independently associated with increased risk for both clinical and self-reported MDD, whereas resilience associated with reduced risk. Structural equation modelling suggested that polygenic risk for depression associates with vulnerability for both clinical and self-reported MDD through two partially independent mediating mechanisms in which neuroticism increases vulnerability and resilience reduces it. In Chapter 6, the proportion of phenotypic variance that is attributable to genetic and shared-familial environment was estimated for resilience and three main coping styles; task-, emotion-, and avoidance-oriented coping. Bivariate analyses were conducted to estimate the genetic correlations between these traits and neuroticism. Our results indicate that common genetics affect both resilience and coping style. However, in addition, early shared-environmental effects from the nuclear family influence resilience whereas recent shared-environment effects from a spouse influence coping style. Furthermore, strong genetic overlap between resilience, emotion-oriented coping, and neuroticism suggests a relationship whereby genetic factors that increase negative emotionality lead to decreased resilience. These studies highlight the necessity for complementary multivariate techniques in resilience research to elucidate tractable methodologies to potentially identify mechanisms and modifiable risk factors to protect against psychiatric illness (Chapter 7).
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Cox-Jones, Gena L. « Job Characteristics Model : Test of a Modified Four-Trait Model at the University of Central Florida ». Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 1987. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/17301.
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University of Central Florida College of Arts and Sciences ThesisThe study examined the nubmer of significant factors in the Hackman and Oldham (1980) job characteristics model. The original factors were: Skill Variety, Task Significance, Task Identity, Autonomy, and Feedback. Scores on these dimensions for 84 employees of the University of Central Florida (21 supervisory and 63 non-supervisory subjects) were used as the basis for this study through a mail administration of the Hackman and Oldham Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS) and their Job Rating Form (JRF). It was hypothesized that: (a) only four significant job dimensions would emerge from factor analysis of the data; (b) that the motiviating potential ratings from job incumbents would be significantly different from those provided by supervisors; and (c) that these motiviating potential scores would be significantly lower than the norm for the job families into which those positions fell. the data failed to lend support to any of the preceeding hypotheses. First, only one significant factor (Skill Variety) was extracted from the non-supervisory data while two factors (Skill Variety and Task Identity) were extracted from the supervisory data. Second, incumbents' ratings were not significantly different from those of their supervisors and third, the motivating potential scores of incumbents were found to be higher than the norm for most of hte job families sampled in the study.
M.S.;
Arts and Sciences;
Industrial/Organizational Psychology
89 p.
viii, 89 leaves, bound : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Emmett, Gloria J. « Family Rituals and Resilience : Relationship Among Measures of Religiosity, Openness to Experience, and Trait Anxiety ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2645/.
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Rituals are an integral part of society. The focus of research on rituals has been shifting to highlight the effect rituals may produce on individual resilience and ability to function. This study examined the relationships between participation in family rituals and several conceptually related facets of the human experience, including religiosity, openness to experience, and anxiety. Participants responded to questions on an assessment instrument (Family Ritual Questionnaire) designed to measure participation in a broad variety of identified family rituals; they were grouped according to responses on that questionnaire, and the resulting groups were compared on their responses to questionnaires addressing religiosity (Religious Background and Behavior Questionnaire), openness to experience (Revised NEO Personality Inventory Openness to Experiences scale), and anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). The four-group classification system did not produce significant differences on measures of religiosity, openness to experience, or trait anxiety. Nor were there any significant differences noted when the groups were examined on the basis of the demographic characteristics of age, gender, separation time from family of origin, or academic status. The demographic descriptive which was associated with specific group differences related to adult composition of family of origin: participants described the adults present in their families of origin, and the family types were grouped into traditional, mixed, and nontraditional families. A difference was identified between the traditional and nontraditional families on level of ritualization. This finding may be indicative of a useful direction for subsequent research inquiry.
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Holstein, Jaymee Elizabeth Liddle Becky J. « Thriving in adult children of alcoholics a comparison of collegiate ACOAs and non-ACOAs on measures of psychological mindedness and defense mechanism style / ». Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Dissertations/HOLSTEIN_JAYMEE_32.pdf.
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Boer, Patricia Mulcahy. « The development of resilience : reported by survivors of breast cancer ». Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/955853.
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This study offers a brief review of the literature on resilience. The review served as a basis for designing a qualitative study to observe how resilience develops in survivors of breast cancer. Survivors are those who lead productive, satisfying and/or inspirational lives, after their treatment has ended. By using qualitative data collection methods and post hoc data analysis, a purposive sampling of 11 women, in the Midwest, resilient survivors of breast cancer were studied. These women were asked to write brief autobiographies, detailing the important factors and contexts that were evidence of the development of resilience in themselves. Tape recorded interviews allowed participants to add to or delete from their autobiographies.The findings showed the eleven participants shared six common characteristics: (1) making a spiritual connection; (2) having meaningful work; (3) engaging in social activism; (4) being a self-directed learner; (5) living a healthy lifestyle; and (6) expressing a wide range of feelings. In addition, the taped interviews revealed the importance of creativity and authentic relationships. A resilience wheel illustrates the definition of resilience, i.e., as a positive attitude about one's body, mind, spirit and emotions, manifested by living a healthy lifestyle; engaging in meaningful work; forming and maintaining authentic relationships; and-expressing a wide range of feelings appropriately. The study demonstrated resilience is more than effective coping. It is observed and characterized by others as a zest for life.Among these participants, resilience/zest for life was found to have developed in their youth, when they identified with a positive role model/s, who modeled resilient attitudes/values. As children they internalized these values, acting on them in small ways, until adulthood when a life event triggered a shift. As adults they, then, claimed these internalized values as "my own philosophy."Although there was not sufficient evidence to discuss resilience as a developmental process in adulthood, the ages of the participants (40-77) imply the process of learning and growing continues throughout the life span.Suggestions for teaching resilience are offered along with recommendations for future research.Department of Educational Leadership
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Human, Berquin. « Resilience in families in which a parent has died ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52434.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The death of a parent calls on the family to utilize all its resources in order to adapt successfully and maintain normal family functioning. Within the mental health field a paradigm-shift from pathology-based to health-oriented is underway. Integral to this health-oriented paradigm is resilience, the ability to rebound after being stressed or challenged, as well as being able to rise above adversity and to survive stress. Family resilience theory emphasizes the role that family characteristics, behaviour patterns and capabilities play in cushioning the impact of stressful life events and in assisting the family in recovering from crises (McCubbin, Thompson, & McCubbin, 1996). Using a crosssectional survey research design, the present study aimed to explore and explicate those resiliency factors which enable families to adjust and adapt successfully after the loss of a parent. Families in which the death of a parent took place 1 to 3 years ago, and in which the eldest child was between 12 and 19 years old were approached to take part in this study. Thirty nine families completed questionnaires, as well as an open-ended question in which they were asked to report the most important factors or strengths which they felt helped their family through the stressful period. Results indicate that intrafamilial support such as emotional and practical support amongst family members, and family hardiness characteristics such as the internal strengths and durability of the family unit, contribute to resilience within the family. Individual characteristics, such as positive personality characteristics like optimism, are as important. Support from extended family and friends, as well as support obtained from religious and spiritual beliefs and activities, were reported as facilitating successful adjustment to the loss.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die dood van 'n ouer vereis dat 'n gesin alle bronne moet benut ten einde suksesvolle aanpassing en gewone gesinsfunksionering te handhaaf. Binne die geestesgesondheidsveld is daar 'n paradigma-verskuiwing vanaf patologie-gebaseerd na gesondheidsgeoriënteerd. Integraal tot hierdie gesondheidsgeoriënteerde paradigma is veerkragtigheid, die vermoë om terug te bons, uit te styg, en te oorleef nadat teëspoed ervaar is. Gesinsveerkragtigheidsteorieë beklemtoon die rol wat gesinseienskappe, gedragspatrone en bekwaamhede speel met betrekking tot die versagting van die impak van stresvolle lewenservaringe, asook die gesin se herstel na die krisis (McCubbin, Thompson, & McCubbin, 1996). 'n Dwarssnit opname-navorsingsontwerp is gebruik om die veerkragtigheidsfaktore te identifiseer en te beskryf wat gesinne help om suksesvol na die dood van 'n ouer aan te pas. Gesinne waar 'n ouer tussen een en drie jaar vantevore gesterf het, en die oudste kind tussen 12 en 19 jaar oud is, is genader vir deelname aan hierdie ondersoek. Nege-en-dertig gesinne het vraelyste sowel as 'n oop-end vraag voltooi waarin hulle gevra is om die belangrikste faktore te beskryf wat hul gesin deur die stresvolle periode gehelp het. Resultate dui daarop dat intragesinsondersteuning soos emosionele en praktiese ondersteuning, en gesinsgehardheid met kenmerke van interne sterkte en die volhoubaarheid van die gesin as eenheid, bygedra het tot gesinsveerkragtigheid. Individuele eienskappe soos optimisme het net so 'n essensiële rol gespeel. Ondersteuning van familie en vriende, asook ondersteuning as gevolg van godsdienstige en spirituele oortuigings en aktiwiteite, was fasiliterend in die suksesvolle aanpassing na die dood van 'n ouer.
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Armstrong, Andrew Richard. « Why EI matters the effects of emotional intelligence on psychological resilience, communication and adjustment in romantic relationships, and workplace functioning / ». Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2007. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070926.131639/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD) - Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2007.Submitted as a requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology - 2007. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 323-373).
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Nauheimer, Elke. « Trait Emotional Intelligence : evaluating the theoretical construct, its relationship to other psychological variables, and potential interventions to enhance it ». Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/595266.
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Research suggests that there are now two distinct approaches to Emotional Intelligence (EI): ability and trait. To date, however, the literature indicates that the construct remains poorly defined and not always adequately measured. Focusing on trait EI, the current thesis identifies a number of research questions that centre on what it is that defines EI in relation to existing definitions and other constructs, namely, happiness, self-esteem, mood and personality. Moreover, a programme of empirical study investigates whether a training intervention can enhance levels of EI and thus contribute to the emerging applied field of enquiry. This has been achieved through the employment of a series of studies. The initial study used the Repertory Grid Technique (RGT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to generate a definition of EI, which directed this thesis towards alignment with the trait approach. The second study aimed to identify correlations and explore possible predictor variables through the application of Pearson’s r and Hierarchical Regression analysis. Moreover, a Mediation and Moderation analysis investigated whether EI has a mediating or moderating role when combined with other predictors. Two further experimental studies examined whether EI could be experimentally enhanced through a programme of relaxation and positive thinking when compared with a control group engaged in a non-demanding reading task. The results of the first study produced a definition of EI that included descriptions of work-related qualities with the second study yielding results of high correlations between EI, happiness and self-esteem, which were also identified as predictor variables. EI was found to act as a mediator and moderator. Analysis of Variance generated results for the first experimental study that showed overall non-significant interactions. To investigate beyond these findings, the second programme showed that the training programme induced positive changes. It was concluded that, overall, the results contribute to a definition beyond existing definitions of EI, demonstrating EI’s strong associations particularly with happiness, self-esteem and, its mediating and moderating role with other predictors. Primarily, the results from the second experimental study demonstrate the potential of EI in the applied field, including education, work and health.
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Holtzkamp, Joanita. « Beyond a mere happening against the canvas of life : the experience of resilience in relocated families ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16480.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The present study chiefly aimed to explore, identify and clarify the role that familial capabilities, characteristics and resources (collectively referred to as resilience factors) play in cushioning the impact of relocation on the family unit and assisting the family to recover from this crisis. The study emanates from the salutogenic paradigm, focusing on resilience, rather than mere pathology. The main theoretical basis of this investigation resides in the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation (McCubbin & Thompson, 1991). The study claims distinction in terms of its amalgamation of a combined cross-sectional survey research design and qualitative analysis in identifying and describing the critical familial resilience factors. Self-report questionnaires were completed by either a parent (husband or wife) or by both a parent and an adolescent child as representatives of the family. A total of sixty-eight families completed the questionnaires, including an open-ended question. The results identified (i) traits and abilities of individual family members, (ii) the family system’s internal resources and support, (iii) familial integration and stability, (iv) the family unit’s utilisation of their internal strengths and durability to manage problems outside of their boundaries, (v) social support, as well as (vi) a passive appraisal coping style amidst the crisis, as important resilience-enhancing resources. It is hoped that this information could be used to develop more effective, culture-bound therapeutic intervention programmes that may prevent problems, foster family resilience and affirm the reparative potential of families. In so doing, South African families in need may be supported, strengthened and empowered.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie ondersoek is gefokus op die identifikasie en beskrywing van gesinsvermoëns, eienskappe en hulpbronne (waarna gesamentlik verwys word as veerkragtigheidsfaktore) wat meewerk om die impak van hervestiging op die gesinseenheid te demp en bystand te lewer aan die gesin om van hierdie krisis te herstel. Die studie is gedoen vanuit die salutogeniese paradigma en plaas klem op veerkragtigheid, eerder as op patologie. McCubbin en Thompson (1991) se “Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation” is benut as teoretiese basis. ’n Dwarssnit opname-navorsingsontwerp is gebruik om kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe data te versamel en te ontleed in die identifisering en beskrywing van kritiese gesinsveerkragtigheidsfaktore. Selfrapporteringsvraelyste is voltooi deur òf ’n ouer (man of vrou) òf ’n ouer en adolessente kind, as verteenwoordigers van die gesin. Verteenwoordigers van 68 gesinne het vraelyste sowel as ‘n oop vraag voltooi. Die resultate dui op (i) trekke en vermoëns van individuele gesinslede, (ii) die gesinsisteem se interne hulpbronne en ondersteuning, (iii) gesinsintegrasie en stabiliteit, (iv) die gesinseenheid se benutting van hul interne sterkpunte en duursaamheid om probleme buite die gesinsgrense te hanteer, (v) sosiale ondersteuning, sowel as (vi) ’n passiewe waarderingshanteringstyl temidde van die krisis, as belangrike veerkragtigheidskenmerke. Hierdie bevindinge kan gebruik word om meer effektiewe, kultuurgebonde terapeutiese intervensieprogramme te ontwikkel, wat probleme voorkom, gesinsveerkragtigheid fasiliteer en die herstellende potensiaal van gesinne bevestig. Op dié manier, kan gesinne wat hulle moet hervestig, ondersteun, versterk en bemagtig word.
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Barends, Mark Steven. « Overcoming adversity : an investigation of the role of resilience constructs in the relationship between socio-economic and demographic factors and academic coping ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Many historically disadvantaged South Africans are entering into universities, where they are expected to perform academically not only to secure themselves a continued place at university, but also to secure themselves a place in the competitive job-market post university. Not only have these individuals been disadvantaged by an inferior schooling system, which is the legacy of apartheid, but they also struggle against the grasp of poverty, attempting to sustain themselves financially in order to afford the necessities for their survival, while still attempting to cope academically. Resilience has been presented as a process that helps individuals deal effectively with stressful events and adverse conditions. An attempt is therefore made to investigate whether resilience plays this role in the experience of disadvantaged students at university, where academic performance and adjustment represent the expected measures of coping. The aim of the study was therefore to explore the role of resilience constructs in the relationship between socio-economic and demographic variables and academic coping. The study is based within the broad framework of Psychofortology, which is the science of psychological strengths. The resilience constructs used included fortitude (measured by the Fortitude Questionnaire), hardiness (measured by the Personal Views Survey) and sense of coherence (measured by the Sense of Coherence Scale). Demographic variables included age, sex, language, town (urban/rural), with household income as an indicator of socio-economic status. Academic coping (outcome) was measured using students&rsquoacademic performance (average grade) and their adjustment to university (measured by the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire). Participants included 164 third year Psychology students from the University of the Western Cape. Results indicate statistically significant relationships between various demographic and resilience variables
between various demographic and outcome variables
and between various resilience and outcome variables. Resilience variables were also found to play a role in the relationship between demographic and outcome variables, as various resilience variables emerged as significant predictors of outcome variables, or as having either direct, moderating, mediating or indirect effects on the relationship between demographic and outcome variables. Research suggesting the health-sustaining and stress-reducing (buffering) roles of resilience constructs, as well resilience constructs as influencing the perceptions of adverse conditions or stressors is therefore supported by these findings. Limitations of the study were also discussed, as well as recommendations for future research put forward.
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Kinnari, Jasmine, et Linda Tysk. « THE MODERATING ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CYBER VICTIMIZATION AND ANXIETY IN SWEDISH YOUTH ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171078.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cyber victimization is a new phenomenon that keeps increasing with every year, and although the interest in research has grown, little is still known about ways to minimize the outcomes of cyber victimization on mental health. This thesis aimed to investigate whether psychological flexibility could act as a moderator on the relationship between cyber victimization and trait anxiety in Swedish youth. Gender was used as a control variable. Participants were recruited on Facebook, and data was collected via an online questionnaire that contained gender, age, Adolescent Cyber-Victimization Scale, Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth, and Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children. The sample consisted of 102 Swedish youths (females, N = 74, males, N = 28) aged 16 to 25 years (M = 20.34, SD = 2.88). A multiple linear regression showed that psychological flexibility and cyber victimization significantly predicted anxiety. The results for psychological flexibility as a moderator on the relationship between cyber victimization and anxiety, and for gender as a predictor for anxiety, were non-significant. The results provide a deeper understanding of the role of psychological flexibility in mental health in youth, but further research is needed on psychological flexibility as a moderator. Future research should focus on more clinical groups with increased sample size and add a wider gender perspective.Att bli utsatt för nätmobbning är ett nytt fenomen som fortsätter att öka för varje år, och trots att intresset för forskning har växt, så vet man fortfarande lite om sätt att minska utfallet av nätmobbning på mental hälsa. Den här studien syftade till att undersöka huruvida psykologisk flexibilitet kan agera som en moderator på relationen mellan nätmobbning och ångest hos svenska ungdomar. Kön användes som kontrollvariabel. Deltagarna rekryterades på Facebook och data samlades in via ett onlineformulär som innehöll kön, ålder, Adolescent Cyber-Victimization Scale, Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth, och Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children. Antalet deltagare var 102 svenska ungdomar (kvinnor, N = 74, män, N = 28) i åldern 16 till 25 år (M = 20,34, SD = 2,88). En multipel linjär regression visade att psykologisk flexibilitet och nätmobbning signifikant predicerade ångest. Resultaten för psykologisk flexibilitet som en moderator på relationen mellan nätmobbning och ångest, och för kön som prediktor av ångest, var icke-signifikanta. Resultaten bidrar med en ökad förståelse för vilken roll psykologisk flexibilitet har i mental hälsa hos unga, men fortsatt forskning behövs på psykologisk flexibilitet som en moderator. Framtida forskning borde fokusera på mer kliniska grupper med ökad urvalsstorlek och lägga till ett bredare genusperspektiv.
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Ethridge, M. Kriss. « The effectiveness of individualized mental training program on attention styles, competitive trait anxiety and performance of female softball players ». Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1048377.
Texte intégralRésumé :
While many studies have examined the effects of mental training programs on anxiety and concentration as they pertain to performance, none have examined the effects simultaneously as they relate to performance. Few studies have examined mental training programs, especially individualized mental imagery scripts, as they relate to the athlete's attentional profile and level of trait anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine if a mental training program alters attentional profiles and trait anxiety. Additionally, this study determined if a mental training program had a transfer effect on performance. The following null hypotheses were examined: 1) There would not be a significant difference in attentional profiles before or after a mental training program; 2) there would not be a significant difference in trait anxiety scores before or after a mental training program; 3) there would not be a significant difference in an athlete's performance before or after a mental training program. The subjects (N = 20) in this study were comprised of Ball State University Women's Softball members. The age range of the subjects was between 18 and 23. The instruments used in this study were the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Styles Self-Assessment (TAIS-SA) (Nideffer, 1980) for attentional styles and the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) (Martens, 1977) for competitive traitanxiety. Batting performance was recorded by the investigator as the subjects took batting practice (from a pitching machine) during the normal course of practice. Each subject was given a log sheet and was asked to keep a record of the number of times she used the mental training program per week. This study was a pretest, posttest design, and dependent t-tests (p < .05) were calculated for the six subscales of the TAIS, the SCAT, and performance. There was a statistically significant difference from the pretest to the posttest on the levels of anxiety as measured by the SCAT and on hitting performance. While all scores on the six subscales of the TAIS-SA changed, they were not statistically significant.School of Physical Education
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Wentworth, Ayesha. « Resilience in families that have experienced heart-related trauma ». Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1305.
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Terry, Jennifer Margaret. « Resilience in children in out-of-home care ». University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0189.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study explores the notion of resilience and, in particular, its efficacy as a framework to assist and guide professionals in their work with children placed in the care of the State, many of whom have experienced situations of severe disadvantage, including abuse and neglect, prior to their admission to the out-of-home care system. The further distress and/or trauma for children, which is engendered by separation from their families and placement with strangers, is exacerbated by circumstances of transience and instability that many children experience during their care journeys. The study examines the care system as a circumstance of adversity and seeks to find out how specialist practitioners working in the care environment understand the notion of resilience and whether they operationalise the concept in their practice to assist children in care. The study is set within a critically reflective perspective, informed by a hermeneutic process that assists in building a deeper understanding of both the notion of resilience and the care system through the lived experiences of practitioners and interpretation of the literature on both topics. An unanticipated finding that emerged from research discussions conducted with practitioners revealed that their experiences of working within the care system created a sense of adversity for them and challenged their resilience, with many parallels between their responses and their observations of the distress and trauma of children in care. The necessity to understand these practitioners? experiences more deeply led to a further exploration of literature that described the impact of working in such adverse settings. This exploration uncovered the notion of vicarious traumatisation, a phenomenon that affects workers who are in continual contact with the trauma of others. An indepth discussion of this concept is provided outlining its relevance to this study. The implications of the impact of the adversity of the care environment on professionals are summarised in the final chapter of the study together with recommendations in the areas of both practice and research.
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Léger, Paul. « An assessment of a new personality measure of authoritarianism in the South African context ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002516.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of the research was to assess the psychometric properties of Altemeyer's (1981) Right-Wing Authoritarianism scale (RWA scale)- developed in response to identified methodological weaknesses in personality measures of authoritarianism to date - within a South African setting. A modified version of the 24-item attitudinal scale, together with a demographic questionnaire was administered to a white and black sample of South African university students. Subsequent psychometric analysis of the data indicated that the scale was a significantly less powerful measure of authoritarianism in a cross-cultural context, than originally hoped for. Not only did the analysis show an absence of psychometric equivalence but revealed substantial problems within the content of the scale itself. An ensuing discussion of these findings situated the debate within a broader theoretical context. It was argued that the RWA scale, and its underpinning conceptualization, although possibly comprising a methodological refinement over existing measures of authoritarianism, did not constitute grounds for a viable approach to research on authoritarianism in the South African context. It was concluded that a model of authoritarianism resting on the assumptions of positivistic psychology, inevitably failed to account for the social and political dynamics of a changing society. As a socially relevant enterprise, it was suggested that the debate on authoritarianism be extended beyond the confines of individualistic psychology and research priority directed instead to the crucial role of societal factors giving rise to the individual manifestation of the phenomenon.
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Davey, Christopher J. « Referrals from Primary Eye Care : An Investigation into their quality, levels of false positives and psychological effect on patients ». Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5526.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Previous research into the accuracy of referrals for glaucoma has shown that a large number of referrals to the Hospital Eye Service are false positive. Research in areas of healthcare other than ophthalmology has shown that psychological distress can be caused by false positive referrals. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of referrals to the HES for all ocular pathologies, and also to quantify the proportion of these referrals that were false positive. Any commonality between false positive referrals was investigated. The psychological effect of being referred to the HES was also evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Both scales were validated in this population with Rasch analysis before use. A final aim was to develop an improvement to the present referral pathway in order to reduce numbers of false positive referrals.
The accuracy of referrals to the HES appears to improve as clinicians become more experienced, and greater numbers of false positive referrals are generated by female clinicians. Optometrists refer patients with a wide range of ocular diseases and in most cases include both fundus observations and visual acuity measurements in their referrals. GPs mainly refer patients with anterior segment disorders, particularly lid lesions, based on direct observation and symptoms. Illegibility and missing clinical information reduce the quality of many optometric referrals. Patients referred to the HES experience raised levels of anxiety as measured by the STAI and raised levels of depression as measured by the HADS-Depression subscale. As a method of assessing psychological distress, the questionnaires HADS-T (all items), STAI-S (State subscale) and STAI-T (Trait subscale) show good discrimination between patients when administered to a population of new ophthalmic outpatients, despite all having a floor effect. Subsequently a referral refinement service was developed which reduced numbers of unnecessary referrals and reduced costs for the NHS.
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Garcia, Yvette D. « Revival types : a look at the leaders of the Great Awakening through the lens of psychological type and temperament ». Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2007. http://www.tren.com.
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Davey, Christopher James. « Referrals from primary eye care : an investigation into their quality, levels of false positives and psychological effect on patients ». Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5526.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Previous research into the accuracy of referrals for glaucoma has shown that a large number of referrals to the Hospital Eye Service are false positive. Research in areas of healthcare other than ophthalmology has shown that psychological distress can be caused by false positive referrals. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of referrals to the HES for all ocular pathologies, and also to quantify the proportion of these referrals that were false positive. Any commonality between false positive referrals was investigated. The psychological effect of being referred to the HES was also evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Both scales were validated in this population with Rasch analysis before use. A final aim was to develop an improvement to the present referral pathway in order to reduce numbers of false positive referrals. The accuracy of referrals to the HES appears to improve as clinicians become more experienced, and greater numbers of false positive referrals are generated by female clinicians. Optometrists refer patients with a wide range of ocular diseases and in most cases include both fundus observations and visual acuity measurements in their referrals. GPs mainly refer patients with anterior segment disorders, particularly lid lesions, based on direct observation and symptoms. Illegibility and missing clinical information reduce the quality of many optometric referrals. Patients referred to the HES experience raised levels of anxiety as measured by the STAI and raised levels of depression as measured by the HADS-Depression subscale. As a method of assessing psychological distress, the questionnaires HADS-T (all items), STAI-S (State subscale) and STAI-T (Trait subscale) show good discrimination between patients when administered to a population of new ophthalmic outpatients, despite all having a floor effect. Subsequently a referral refinement service was developed which reduced numbers of unnecessary referrals and reduced costs for the NHS.
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Bryant-Lees, Kinsey Blue. « Clarifying Personality Measurement in Selection : Applying Item Response Trees to distinguish between Trait Level, Adaptability, and Traitedness ». Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1566292696557936.
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Ede, David E. Jr. « Trait Mindfulness and Cardiovascular Reactivity and Recovery During a Laboratory Mental Stress Protocol in Young Adults ». Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1524140223472705.
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Salsman, Jill R. « Depression and perfectionism as risk factors for eating disorders in the college population ». Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1237764.
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In this study, the relationship between the risk factors of perfectionism and depression and eating disorder symptomatology was examined. A sample of female undergraduates completed the following three measures: the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), and the Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnoses (Q-EDD). Results indicated that perfectionism is significantly positively correlated with depression. Higher levels of perfectionism were also associated with the presence of eating disorder symptoms, whereas lower levels of perfectionism were associated with the absence of eating disorder symptoms. Finally, an increase in perfectionism levels was predictive of eating disorder symptoms. Directions for future research and clinical implications are discussed.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Fillis, Alicia Jo-Anne. « Gesinsveerkragtigheid by arm enkelouergesinne ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1555.
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Thesis (MSc (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.Family resilience focuses on the salutegenic properties of families and refers to the ability of families to return to normal family functioning after experiencing adversity. The primary aim of this study was to identify factors that contribute to resilience in poor single parent families.
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Vranceanu, Ana-Maria. « Sequelae of Child Abuse : The Role of Social and Personal Resources ». [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1183738342.
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Fritz, Sarah-mee. « A Mixed Methods Approach to Exploring Social Support and Resilience in Coping with Stigma and Psychological Distress among HIV-Positive Adults ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011870/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since its emergence in the U.S., HIV has been a stigmatized illness. People living with HIV (PLH) are a minority and prone to psychological distress and poor mental health outcomes due to HIV-related stigma. PLH who identify with another minority group in addition to being HIV-positive (e.g., gay, African-American) experience multiple forms of oppression or layered stigma. Affirmative social support and resilience are negatively associated with HIV-stigma and are important coping resources for PLH. We used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design study involving a quantitative survey phase and a qualitative interview phase. We explored whether social support and resilience (Positive Psychological Resources) mediate or moderate the relationship between HIV Stigma and Psychological Distress among HIV-positive adults using partial least squares (PLS) path modeling and multiple regressions. Via PLS, we found Positive Psychological Resources partially mediated the relationship between HIV Stigma and Psychological Distress: the path between HIV Stigma and Psychological distress reduced (from t = 5.49, p = .000 to t = 2.39, p = .000) but remained statistically significant. Similarly, via regression, the Sobel test was significant (Sobel = .26, SE = .07, z = 3.63, p = .000). However, moderation was not found (HIV Stigma x Positive Psychological Resources β = .05, t = .66, p = .508). Overall, our quantitative survey and qualitative interview data were consistent. We anticipate that our findings will inform strengths-based therapeutic interventions to mitigate stress and stigma among PLH.
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Pitzer, Jennifer Rose. « Exploring the Developmental Dynamics of Motivational Resilience Over the Transition to Middle School ». Thesis, Portland State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3711804.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In recent years students' academic engagement has gained increasing favor as a necessary component of authentic learning experiences. However, less research has focused on what students do when they run into everyday problems in school that allows them to return (or not) to a state of ongoing engagement. Expanding on these ideas, this project explores students' motivational resilience in school, that is, the dynamic interactions among their ongoing engagement, emotional reactivity, academic coping, and re-engagement after encounters with difficulties and setbacks in school. Grounded in an established motivational model based on Deci & Ryan's (1985) self-determination theory, and building on earlier studies suggesting that these components of motivational resilience form self-reinforcing internal dynamics (Skinner, Pitzer, & Steele, 2015), this project comprises two free-standing manuscripts that examined key components of this process.
Study 1 explored the external dynamics of motivational resilience within a single school year to identify the extent to which outside forces (e.g., students' experiences of teacher support and self-system processes) can shape students' motivational systems which tend to be self-sustaining. The study used data from 1020 3rd through 6th grade students to examine feedforward and feedback effects between students' composite motivational resilience and a set of hypothesized antecedents and consequences, and also investigated whether teacher support can shift established motivational patterns.
Study 2 looked more closely at motivational resilience and its antecedents and consequences as students made the transition from elementary to middle school. Data following 281 students as they moved from fifth to sixth grade were used to test a structural model examining the extent to which students' ongoing engagement and teacher support act as resources that encourage adaptive coping and re-engagement, which then lead to continued engagement and subsequent achievement. Students' coping was explored as a particularly important mediator between students' resources at the beginning of fifth grade and their subsequent motivational actions and achievement. The study also examined differences in patterns of motivation across the transition for students who had high levels of teacher support and adaptive coping profiles as compared with students who had fewer of such resources.
This project provides a deeper understanding of students' experiences in dealing with everyday challenges and struggles in school, especially during the transition to middle school. Discussion focuses on the utility and potential drawbacks of examining the individual components of students' motivational resilience through this conceptual lens, with suggestions for next steps for future research. Implications of this model for improving students' academic development highlight the important role teachers can play in supporting or undermining students' ability to bounce back after encounters with setbacks.
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Walton, Marcus D. « Differences Among Athletes and Non-Athletes in Sex Role Orientation and Attitudes Towards Women : Comparing Results from 1982 and 2005 ». Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/WaltonMD2005.pdf.
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Ataie, Jutta Elisabeth. « "Who Would Have Thought, With a Diagnosis Like This, I Would be Happy?" : Portraits of Perceived Strengths and Resources in Early-Stage Dementia ». PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1107.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study used photovoice methodology to explore how people with early-stage dementia use their perceived strength and resources to cope with the illness. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. Thirteen women and seven men age 57 to 90 (mean 73.4) with MMSE scores ranging from 20 to 28 (mean 25.6) participated in the project. Participants were provided with a disposable camera and invited to take photographs relevant to their well-being. The photographs provided the means for participants to take the lead in dialogue sessions about their coping response.
Grounded theory analysis revealed that initially, early-stage dementia precipitated a disruption in well-being. For the participants in this study, learning to live with the illness was an ongoing, continually shifting process of adjustment, where the participants moved from a familiar sense of well-being to an alternative sense of well-being. In this process the participants used a variety of strengths and resources ranging from those that supported them in reconstructing identity, regaining control, and rebuilding relationships to those that assisted them in reestablishing a healthy lifestyle and restoring meaning and purpose. Striving toward well-being while acknowledging the inconceivable notion of losing one's cognitive abilities was the central strength that the participants brought to this process. It captured the paradox the participants faced in living with early-stage dementia, which was to relegate the illness to the background of their lives while managing its symptoms in the foreground.
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Holmes, D. Nicole. « Age and Responses to the Events of September 11, 2001 ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4700/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, many turned to the field of psychology for greater understanding of the impact of such events and guidance in supporting our citizens. This study sought to gain greater understanding of the differential impact of the September 11th attack on individuals by investigating the influence of age, psychological hardiness, and repression versus sensitization as forms of coping behavior on psychological health. Both an initial cross-sectional sample (172 young adults & 231older adults) and a short-term longitudinal follow-up (39 young adults & 58 older adults) were included in the study. Older age, psychological hardiness and the use of a repressing coping style were found to each individually relate to greater resilience/less dysfunction at both time one and two. For young adults, high hardy repressors faired best, followed by high hardy sensitizers. Low hardy young adults demonstrated similar levels of dysfunction regardless of coping style (repressions/sensitization). For older adults, coping style impacted both high and low hardy individuals equally, with high hardy repressors demonstrating greater functioning. This study attempted to gain greater insight into explanations for these and previous findings of greater resilience among older adults. In explaining the greater resilience of older adults, it seems that coping style is highly important, while hardiness and the impact of history-graded events does not explain the resilience of older adults.
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Beck, Nicholas M. « The Relations Between Perceived Parent, Coach, and Peer Created Motivational Climates, Goal Orientations, and Mental Toughness in High School Varsity Athletes ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700098/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Determining the factors that contribute to mental toughness development in athletes has become a focus for researchers as coaches, athletes, and others extol its influence on performance success. In this study we examined a model of mental toughness development based on achievement goal theory, assessing the relations between motivational climates, goal orientations, and mental toughness. Five hundred ninety-nine varsity athletes, representing 13 different sports from six different high schools in a southwestern United States school district, participated in the study. Athletes completed self-report measures assessing parent, peer, and coach motivational climates, goal orientations, and their mental toughness. Initially, I examined the measurement model and found it fit the data well both in the exploratory (SRMR = .06; CFI = .94) and confirmatory (SRMR = .06; CFI = .95) samples. Second, the structural model was examined and found to fit the data well in both the exploratory (SRMR = .08; CFI = .93) and confirmatory samples (SRMR = .07, CFI = .95). Parent task-involving climate, (β = .55; p < .05) and coach task-involving climate (β = .32; p < .05), but not peer task-involving climate (β = .05), were associated with task goal orientation (R2 = .57). Ego goal orientation (R2 = .32) was explained by peer ego-involving climate (β = .15; p < .05), parent ego-involving climate (β = .39; p < .05), and coach ego-involving climate (β = .16; p < .05). Finally, only task goal orientation (β = .75; p < .05) was related to the athletes’ mental toughness (R2 = .56); the ego goal orientation pathway was not significant (β = .04). These results speak to the potential positive influence of parents and coaches on athletes’ mental toughness through their endorsement of task-involving messages and pursuits leading to the development of a task goal orientation.
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Davis, Shanna R. « The role of resilience in mediating outcomes associated with grandparents raising their grandchildren ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12116/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The occurrence of custodial grandparents is increasing greatly. These grandparents face added stress and many adversities that arise from caregiving. Findings of current research tends to be mixed on the effects of grandparents raising grandchildren experience. Much research concludes that grandparent caregivers experience negative declines in overall health and well-being, while other research points out that the caregiving role may actually be a positive experience for the grandparent. The current study hypothesizes that mixed research may be a result of varying levels of resilience in the custodial grandparent population. The model proposed in this study looks at resilience as a mediator between several variables that effect custodial grandparenting. The current sample consisted of 239 custodial grandparents. A regression/correlation analysis was conducted on the data, and it was found that resilience levels were significant in mediating the effects of grandparent caregiving.
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Thiel, Colleen. « Resilience in families of husbands with prostate cancer ». Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1237.
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Der, Kinderen Susan. « Resilience in families in which a parent has been retrenched ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51898.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Family Resilience is a relatively new construct describing how families recover after experiencing stress and adversity. Defined within the salutogenic paradigm, resilience implies the ability to bounce back after being "stretched" or challenged, as well as being able to rise above adversity and to survive stress. Using a cross-sectional, survey research design the present study aimed to further explore and explicate those resiliency factors which enable families to maintain established patterns of functioning when threatened by risk factors. It also aimed to examine those recovery factors which foster the families ability to bounce back from crisis and disruption. Teachers who had accepted the voluntary severance package from the South African Department of Education between 1996 and 1998 were approached to take part in this study on behalf of their family. Thirty participants completed a biographical questionnaire as well as the Family Index of Regenerativity and Adaptation (FIRA-G) which measures the major components of the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation (McCubbin & Thompson, 1991). Results confirmed the relationship between family stressors, family strains and family distress, implying that if stressors and strains are not managed, they pile up, deplete resources and lead to family tension and stress (Lavee, McCubbin & Patterson, 1985; Lavee et al. 1987; McCubbin & Patterson, 1983). Results also highlighted the protective nature of good financial management, suggesting that there are measurable factors which act as crisis-meeting resources, diminish the negative impact and degree of the stressor and ultimately foster resilience and facilitate recovery. Finally, social support was highlighted as a resilience variable. Family schema (encompassing concepts of reframing and spiritual support) remains one of the crucial factors which contributes towards, firstly, the resistance of decay in the face of stressors, and secondly, which facilitates the recovery trajectory. It is maintained that this could be one of the most crucial factors for ongoing investigation in resiliency research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gesinsveerkragtigheid ("resilience") is 'n relatiewe nuwe konstruk wat verwys na gesinne se vermoë om te herstel nadat hulle spanning en terugslae ervaar het. Dit word beskryf vanuit die salutogenese paradigma en word gedefinieer as gesinne se vermoë om terug te bons nadat hulle teenspoed ervaar het. 'n Dwarsnit navorsingsontwerp is gebruik om die twee aspekte van gesinsveerkragtigheid, naamlik weerstand en herstel, te ondersoek en te beskryf. Weerstandsfaktore verwys na dié faktore wat gesinne in staat stelom gevestigde patrone van funksionering, tydens bedreiging deur risiko-faktore, te handhaaf, terwyl herstel-faktore verwys na dié faktore wat gesinne se vermoë om terug te bons na 'n krisis, bevorder. Onderwysers wat tussen 1996 en 1998 die vrywillige uittredingspakket van die Departement van Onderwys aanvaar het, is genader om namens hul gesinne deel te neem aan hierdie ondersoek. Dertig deelnemers het 'n biografiese vraelys sowel as die "Family Index of Regenerativity and Adaptation" (FIRA-G) voltooi. Die FIRA-G vraelyste meet die hoofkomponente van die "Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation" (McCubbin & Thompson, 1991 ). Resultate het die verband tussen gesinstressors, gesinspanning en gesinsnood bevestig, met die implikasie dat indien 'n opeenhoping van stressors en spanning nie hanteer word nie, gesinshulpbronne uitgeput word en dat dit tot gesinspanning en stres kan lei. Die beskermende aard van goeie finansiële bestuur is bevestig. Sosiale ondersteuning is geïdentifiseer as 'n belangrike faktor in gesinsweerstand. Gesinskemas, wat herformulering en geestelike ondersteuning insluit, blyk 'n deurslaggewende gesinsveerkragtige faktor te wees en behoort in die toekoms verder ondersoek te word.
48
Fragoso, Susana Guerreiro da Cunha. « Inteligência emocional, resilência e bem-estar : um estudo comparativo entre alunos do ensino secundário regular e profissional ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/19895.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Esta investigação teve como principal objetivo estudar a relação entre os constructos
Inteligência Emocional, Resiliência e Bem-estar Psicológico em jovens de ensino
secundário, em vias distintas de ensino.
Participaram no estudo 245 jovens, com idades entre 15 e 23 anos, – 155 inseridos no
ensino regular e 90 no ensino profissional –, pertencentes ao Agrupamento de Escolas
nº 4 de Évora, que responderam a um Questionário Sóciodemográfico, ao Questionário
de Inteligência Emocional traço (TEIQue-SF), à Escala de Resiliência de Wagnil e
Young (ER) e à Escala de Medida de Manifestação de Bem-Estar Psicológico
(EMMBEP).
Os principais resultados encontrados sugerem que os jovens do ensino profissional
apresentam níveis mais elevados de inteligência emocional traço, resiliência e bemestar
psicológico e apontam para a existência de uma relação positiva entre os três
constructos; Emotional Intelligence, Resilience and Well-Being: A comparative
study between regular high school and vocational route students
Abstract:
The primary goal of this investigation was to study the relationship between Trait
Emotional Intelligence, Resilience and Psychological Well-Being in young people in
distinct routes of education.
The participants were 245 boys and girls, between the ages of 15 to 23, 155 of which in
regular high school and the remain 90 in vocational routes, that responded to a
Sociodemographic Questionnaire, to Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire
(TEIQue-SF), to Wagnil and Young´s Resilience Scale (ER) and to the Échelle de
Mesure des Manifestations de Bien-Être Psychologique. They all belonged to de school’s
cluster nº4, in Évora.
The main results found suggest that vocational route students present higher levels of
trait emotional intelligence, resilience and psychological well-being and point out to the
existence of a positive relationship between the three constructs.
49
Oken, Barry S. « A Systems Approach to Stress and Resilience in Humans : Mindfulness Meditation, Aging, and Cognitive Function ». PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2700.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Psychological stress is common and contributes to many physical and mental health problems. Its effects are mediated by a complex neurobiological system centering in the brain with effectors including autonomic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammatory system, and gene expression. A stressor pushes the human physiological system away from its baseline state towards a lower utility state. The physiological system may return towards the original state but may be shifted to a lower utility state. While some physiological changes induced by stressors may benefit health, chronic stressors usually have negative effects on health. In contrast to this stressor effect is the system's resilience which influences its ability to return to the high utility attractor basin following a perturbation by increasing the likelihood and/or speed of returning to the baseline state following a stressor.
Age-related cognitive decline is a major public health issue with few preventative options. Stress contributes to this cognitive decline, and mindfulness meditation (MM) is a behavioral intervention that reduces stress and stress reactivity in many health conditions. A randomized clinical trial was performed to determine if MM in older adults would improve measures of cognitive function, as well as psychology and physiology, and to determine what factors might predict who would improve. 134 at least mildly stressed 50-85 year olds were randomized to a MM intervention or a wait-list control. Outcome measures included a broad cognitive function battery with emphasis on attention and executive function, self-rated psychological measures of affect and stress, and physiological measures of stress. Self-rated measures related to negative affect and stress were all significantly improved as a result of the MM intervention compared to wait-list control. There were no changes in cognition, salivary cortisol, and heart rate variability. Potential explanations for the discrepancy between the beneficial mental health outcomes and lack of impact on cognitive and physiological outcomes are discussed.
To determine which factors predict MM responsiveness, a responder was defined by determining if there was a minimum clinically important improvement in mental health. Predictors included demographic information and selected self-rated baseline measures related to stress and affect. Classification was performed using decision tree analysis. There were 61 responders and 60 non-responders. Univariate statistical analysis of the baseline measures demonstrated significant differences between the responder and non-responders in several self-rated mental health measures. However, decision tree was unable to achieve a reliable classification rate better than 65%.
A number of future research directions were suggested by this study, including to optimize the MM intervention itself, to better select participants who would benefit from MM, and to improve the outcome measures perhaps by focusing on decreased reactivity to stressful events. Finally, a less well-defined but always present future research direction is the development of better models and better quantitative analysis approaches to the multivariate but dynamically limited human empirical data that can be practically collected.
50
Afrika, Bernitto Timothy Afrika. « Veerkragtigheidsmeganismes wat onderwys ondersteun ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86222.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Education supporting factors is of great importance for children who are growing up in very challenging circumstances. The challenge of poverty affects people differently and people also react differently towards it. If educators can understand why certain children can withstand certain risk factors such as severe contextual backlogs, whilst others cannot, they will have a better understanding where to intervene, and also how to put preventative measures in place. (Garmenzy, 1991). This resilience who is intrinsic amongst children, acts as protective factors against certain developmental factors to which children might be exposed to. The different supportive structures who is critical for the learners, acts as extrinsic protective factors. The stronger the protective factors are, the better the parents can resist the pressure from poverty (Ross,1995). This study therefore aimed to understand what education supporting factors exist for learners who are growing up in challenging circumstances. The researcher worked from an interpretive paradigm. The study’s orientation is a basic qualitative research and included the following: purposive sample selection to identify research participants, open questionnaires to gather their biographic information, individual interviews and field notes to generate data, and content analysis to analyse data. Research findings indicate that the encouragement and extensive support that the learners enjoy plays a huge role in their lives. The study also highlighted that if the learners’ intrinsic resilience can be further developed and when the extensive support is sustainable, the learners can be successful and handle life’s challenges.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onderwys ondersteunende faktore is van groot belang by kinders wat in uitdagende omstandighede groot word. Die uitdaging van armoede raak mense op verskillende maniere en mense reageer verskillend daarop. As opvoeders kan verstaan waarom sommige kinders risiko faktore soos erge kontekstuele agterstande kan weerstaan, terwyl ander nie kan nie, sal hulle ’n beter kans staan deur te weet hoe om in te gryp, en hoe om voorkomende maatreëls te tref (Garmenzy, 1991). Hierdie veerigtigheid wat inherent onder leerders is, tree as beskermende faktore op teen ontwikkelingsfaktore waaraan die kind blootgestel kan word. Die verskillende ondersteuningsnetwerke wat kritiek is vir die leerders, tree op as eksterne beskermende faktore, want hoe sterker die ondersteuning is, hoe beter kan ouers die druk wat deur armoede veroorsaak word weerstaan (Ross,1995). Die studie het dit ten doel om te verstaan en insig te bekom met watter faktore onderwys ondersteun, vir leerders wat in uitdagende omstandighede grootword. Die navorser het binne ’n interpretivistiese paradigma gewerk. Die studie se orientasie is ’n basiese kwalitatiewe navorsing en het die volgende ingesluit: doelbewuste seleksie om te bepaal wie die deelnemers was, oop vraelyste om hul biografiese inligting te bekom, individuele onderhoude en veldnotas om data te genereer, asook inhoudsanalise om die data te analiseer. Navorsingsbevindinge dui daarop dat die aanmoediging en uitgebreide ondersteuning wat die leerders geniet ’n groot rol in hul lewens speel. Uit die studie was dit duidelik dat as die leerders se inherente veerkragtigheid verder ontwikkel word en die uitgebreide ondersteuning is volhoubaar, kan die leerders suksesvol wees en die alledaagse uitdagings met gemak hanteer.