Articles de revues : « Provenance studie »

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Cole, SP, KC Woo, D. Eamus, CE Harwood et MW Haines. « Field Measurements of Net Photosynthesis and Related Parameters in Four Provenances of Acacia auriculiformis ». Australian Journal of Botany 42, n^o 4 (1994) : 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940457.

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Tree diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, maximum light saturated assimilation (Amax), phyllode conductance (gs), and phyllode water potential (ΨW) were determined in trees of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., 3-4 years old. Trees from three provenance regions were studied: from Papua New Guinea (PNG ̵1 Bensbach River and Morehead River provenances); north Queensland (NQ); and the Northern Territory (NT), as part of a provenance trial on Melville Island, Northern Territory. The PNG provenances were the largest trees and had accumulated the largest biomass. Significant variation in Amax between provenance regions within a season, and between seasons (wet vs dry) for each provenance region were observed. There was no correlation between seasonal Amax and provenance region growth rate. The NT provenance region generally exhibited the largest Amax and the least variation between seasons and the PNG provenance region the lowest Amax, while the NQ provenance region varied most between seasons. Seasonal and provenance region Variation in gs followed a similar trend to Amax. There was no significant variation in ΨW between provenance regions. Canopy area of the PNG provenances was seven times greater than that of the NT provenance during the late dry season. We conclude that PNG provenances achieve their larger growth rates primarily by maintaining a larger canopy. Results are discussed with reference to the observed superior growth rate of the PNG provenances, and highlight the need for caution in extrapolating single phyllode assimilation data to infer comparative growth rates.

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Petkova, Krasimira, Emil Molle et Aysel Mustafova. « Survival and growth of Common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances in North-Eastern Bulgaria ». Silva Balcanica 23, n^o 2 (20 décembre 2022) : 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e95109.

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Two provenance tests in  North-Eastern Bulgaria have been studied, whose purpose is to test the response of beech provenances from Southern Germany to the drier and warmer climatic conditions in Bulgaria, in order to predict how they would perform in a warming and drying climate. The provenance tests were established in the spring of 2010 in the area of the Varbitza and Kipilovo Forest Services with 2-year-old seedlings in a 2 x 1 m scheme in 3 replications. Four provenances of common beech were studied - 2 German (Silberbach and Ebersdorf) and 2 Bulgarian (Petrohan and Berkovitza). On the 12th year after afforestation, an inventory and measurements of the height and root collar diameter were carried out. The results were processed statistically by applying one and two-factor analysis of variance, as well as Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. A higher survival rate was found in the provenance test in Kipilovo. The Bulgarian provenances Petrohan and Berkovitza were characterized by better growth in height in both provenance tests, and in root collar diameter - provenance Petrohan. Provenance Ebersdorf could be recommended for use in drier and warmer places in Southern Germany.

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Ballian, Dalibor, et Nerma Zukić. « ANALYSIS OF THE GROWTH OF COMMON BEECH PROVENANCES (Fagus sylvatica L.) IN THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENT NEAR KAKANJ ». Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 41, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2011) : 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2011.v41.i2.136.

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UDK 582.632.2:581.43/.44(497.6 Kakanj) This paper presents the results of the research of the provenances of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in an experiment near Kakanj. Experiments of the provenances were established during the spring of 2007 with 2+0 and 3+0 years-old seedings. The plants were planted in the experimental design of randomized block system in three replications. The results of the survival of plants in 2007, 2008 and 2009, and the root collar diameter of plants and plant height in 2009 are presented in this paper. Studies of the plants’ survival show that the highest percentage of survival rate had the provenance Tešanj – Crni Vrh I, while the lowest percentage of survival rate had provenance Bugojno Vranica - Bistrica. The analysis of the variance showed a statistically significant difference between the provenances, which was confirmed by the Duncan test. Romania provenance Alka - Iulia (10.14 mm) and the Swiss provenance Sihlwald (10.45 mm), had the smallest diameter of the root collar. Provenance from Croatia Dilj Čanglinski (19.43 mm) and provenance Varani kamen (18.46 mm) had the biggest diameter. The greatest average height had a provenance from Croatia Dilj Čanglinski (93.21 cm) and provenance Varani kamen (92.88 cm). The lowest level of height had provenance Alka Romania - Iulia (43.48 cm) and provenance Alesd (52.71 cm).

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Beaulieu, J., et A. Corriveau. « Variabilité de la densité du bois et de la production des provenances d'épinette blanche, 20 ans après plantation ». Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, n^o 5 (1 octobre 1985) : 833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-135.

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The variability of wood specific gravity and yield of 23 white spruce provenances from the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest region was studied 20 years after planting at Harrington Forest Farm, Québec. The results indicate no relationship between wood specific gravity of provenances and their respective growth performance. The southwestern section of this region showed a small decrease in wood specific gravity, but it was compensated for by a strong increase in volume growth, resulting in an important gain in dry weight productivity. The variability of white spruce wood specific gravity was split into three sources: 11% was attributed to provenance differences, 8% to provenance and repetition interaction, and the remainder to differences among trees of the same provenance and to experimental error. In a breeding program, a first selection should be made at the provenance level on the basis of volume productivity and a second selection on the basis of wood specific gravity values within the selected provenances, to maximize the overall genetic and economic gain.

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Dixit, Aalap, Thomas Kolb et Owen Burney. « Provenance Geographical and Climatic Characteristics Influence Budburst Phenology of Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Seedlings ». Forests 11, n^o 10 (4 octobre 2020) : 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101067.

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Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson var. scopulorum Engelm.) forests of the southwestern US are threatened by climate change and deforestation. Information about geographic patterns of provenance variation in budburst phenology is needed to make decisions about selecting seed sources for future planting. In this study, provenance variation in the budburst phenology of ponderosa pine seedlings was examined using common garden studies. Seedlings from 21 provenances, representing an elevational gradient in Arizona and New Mexico, were planted in July 2018 at a ponderosa pine-dominated field site in northern Arizona. Field budburst was monitored weekly on all seedlings in the spring of 2019. Field budburst was compared with budburst timing of the same provenances measured under greenhouse conditions. The hypotheses for this study were that (1) budburst varies among provenances, with earlier budburst in low-elevation provenances, and (2) differences in budburst timing among provenances are consistent for seedlings grown in greenhouse and field environments. Field results show that provenances vary in budburst date and that low- and middle-elevation provenances break bud sooner than high-elevation provenances. Field budburst date had a moderate, positive correlation with provenance mean annual precipitation (r = 0.522) and a moderate, negative trend with latitude (r = −0.413). Budburst date of provenances in the greenhouse had a moderate, positive trend with budburst date in the field (r = 0.554), suggesting application of greenhouse results to field plantings. Such information about provenance variation and environmental and geographic trends in budburst timing will be useful for developing species-specific seed transfer guidelines and effective assisted migration strategies in a changing climate.

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Stojnic, Srdjan, Sasa Orlovic, Danijela Miljkovic et Wuehlisch von. « Intra- and interprovenance variations in leaf morphometric traits in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) ». Archives of Biological Sciences 68, n^o 4 (2016) : 781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs151008064s.

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European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most important tree species in Europe. Due to substantial genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity, beech has successfully adapted to different environments within its natural range. Provenance tests provide a good basis for studying within- and between-provenance genetic variation, due to homogeneous within-trial environmental conditions. The aim of the present study was to determine the within- and between-provenance genetic variability of certain leaf morphological traits among eleven beech provenances, grown in a common garden experiment. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences among the studied beech provenances. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed a complex assessment of the relationships among the provenances and an estimation of multivariate relations among the analyzed characters. The results of the study revealed the existence of substantial variability among provenances (p<0.001). Likewise, high genetic variability was observed at the intra-provenance level (p<0.001). The first three principal components (PC1-PC3) explained approximately 81% of the total variance among the European beech provenances tested. The highest contribution on PC1 corresponded to variables related to leaf size: leaf area (-0.882) and leaf width (-0.876). Based on the position of provenances on a PCA scatter plot, it could be assumed that European beech is characterized by a more ecotypic pattern of genetic variation rather than by clinal variation. Also, the presence of considerable genetic diversity within provenances will be important in the light of climate change impact on beech, since it could potentially facilitate rapid adaptation.

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Sebbenn, A. M., F. C. Arantes, O. V. Boas et M. L. M. Freitas. « Genetic Variation in an International Provenance-Progeny Test of Pinus caribaea Mor. var. bahamensis Bar. et Gol., in São Paulo, Brazil ». Silvae Genetica 57, n^o 1-6 (1 décembre 2008) : 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2008-0028.

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Abstract A combined provenance-progeny test of Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis was established in Paraguaçu Paulista Experimental Station, São Paulo State, Brazil, in a “compact family” blocks design with 14 provenances, 2 to 10 families per provenance, 5 individuals per subplot, and 7 replications. Variation among and within island, provenances and families and genetic parameters for d.b.h., height, and real volume were investigated, about 15 years after planting. Analysis of variation for all studied traits revealed significant differences among islands, provenances within island and families within islands, suggesting the possibility of increasing the timber yield through selection of the more productive provenances and families within the best island. Genetic correlations on growth traits were high and statistically significant, indicating that substantial gains could be made through indirect selection for one trait based on direct selection for another. Norman Castle provenance from Abaco Island performed best for d.b.h. height and volume, while San Andros and Little Harbour Cay, both from Andros Island performed worst for d.b.h. and height, respectively, and South Riding from Grand Bahamas Island performed worst for volume. The best provenance growth compared to that P. elliottii var. elliottii species at the same experimental site suggests that P. caribaea var. bahamensis has high silvicultural potential for the Paraguaçu Paulista region.

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Savva, Yu V., F. H. Schweingruber, E. A. Vaganov et L. I. Milyutin. « INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON TREE-RING CHARACTERISTICS OF SCOTS PINE PROVENANCES IN SOUTHERN SIBERIA (FOREST-STEPPE) ». IAWA Journal 24, n^o 4 (2003) : 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000342.

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Scots pine provenances from all over Russia planted in 1964 at the forest- steppe zone were analyzed. Eight tree-ring characteristics from 12 different provenances were measured densitometrically. The time span of tree-ring observation covers the period from 1969 to 1997. The sensitivity coefficient of latewood width, latewood and maximum densities and latewood percentage decreases in relation to the increasing latitude of the provenances. The growth of all studied provenances is dictated by the local weather and climate. The correlation coefficients of indices between the local provenance and the other provenances are not lower than 0.46–0.97, and the synchronicity coefficients are minimally 0.84. The Euclidean distances vary from 0.11 to 0.13 between the local provenance and the other provenances. All statistical parameters show that the interannual variability reflects the prevailing influence of the local weather conditions. Variability of weather conditions determines up to 87% of the growth variability in the forest-steppe of southern Siberia.

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Tsegaye, Mintesnot, Belayneh Lemage et Alemayehu Hido. « Seedling performance of different provenances of selected indigenous tree species in Debub Ari District, Southern Ethiopia ». Global Journal of Earth and Environmental Science 6, n^o 2 (30 avril 2021) : 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/gjees2020.086.

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Better understanding of variations in seed traits and seedling vigor in various populations of a given species is vital for appropriate nursery and tree planting technology. The main objective of this study was to identify better provenance for indigenous trees by testing seed germination and seedling traits. Seeds of six indigenous trees (Vachellia abyssinica, Vachellia seyal, Faidherbia albida, Balanites aegyptiaca and Terminalia laxiflora Engl.) were collected from different geographic areas. One hundred (100) polyethylene pots (20 cm height and 12 cm diameter) were filled with 2:1:1 ratio of local, forest soil and sand composition for seedlings. A Complete Randomized Design (CRD), 5 x 4 polyethylene pots in four replications of 20 polyethylene pots for each provenance was designed in the nursery and the provenances for selected species. Different early growth performance parameters were measured for each tested provenance. All collected data were analyzed by using ANOVA while the least significance difference was computed for mean separation. The seedling performance of Vachellia abyssinica and Vachellia seyal were significantly varied among the provenances. Vachellia abyssinica from Butajira provenance had the highest mean values across all the studied parameters. Except height, Kako provenance had the highest mean values across all the early performance parameters of Vachellia seyal. Seedling performances of Faidherbia albida in the nursery was significantly varied among the provenances except for root collar diameter. Provenance from Wondo Genet had the highest mean values of germination percent and comparable leaf numbers with provenance from Hawassa. It can be concluded that the observed patterns of variation will have the implication for genetic resources conservations and tree improvement. Accordingly, Butajira and Kako provenances could be taken as a good source of seed collection for Vachellia abyssinica and Vachellia seyal, respectively. Wondo Genet and Hawassa provenances could also ensure the provision of planting materials of Faidherbia albida for farmers. Further progeny tests in the field should be undertaken for a longer period to obtain definitive recommendations for early selection

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Chen, Jianhui, Ning Zhong et Jianhua Feng. « Developing a Provenance Warehouse for the Systematic Brain Informatics Study ». International Journal of Information Technology & ; Decision Making 16, n^o 06 (novembre 2017) : 1581–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622015500418.

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Aiming at the unstructured brain data and data-driven research process, provenances have become an important component of brain and health big data rather than the accessory of raw experimental data in the systematic Brain Informatics (BI) study. However, the existing file-based or transaction-database-based provenance queries cannot effectively support quickly understanding data and generating decisions or suppositions in the systematic BI study, which need multi-aspect and multi-granularity provenance information and a process of incremental modification. Inspired by studies on the data warehouse and online analytical processing (OLAP) technology, this paper proposes a BI provenance warehouse. The provenance cube and basic OLAP operations are defined. A complete Data-Brain-based development approach is also designed. Such a BI provenance warehouse represents a radically new way for developing the brain big data center, which regards raw experimental data, provenances and domain ontologies as different levels of brain big data for data sharing and mining.

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Alfaro, Rene I., et Cheng C. Ying. « LEVELS OF SITKA SPRUCE WEEVIL, PISSODES STROBI (PECK), DAMAGE AMONG SITKA SPRUCE PROVENANCES AND FAMILIES NEAR SAYWARD, BRITISH COLUMBIA ». Canadian Entomologist 122, n^o 4 (août 1990) : 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent122607-7.

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AbstractVariation in tree height, number of attacks by the Sitka spruce weevil (= white pine weevil) (Pissodes strobi [Peck]), tree form, and stem defect were studied in a 15-year-old Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.) provenance test near Sayward, on Vancouver Island, B.C. An aggregated spatial distribution of the attacks was found in the plantation. Average number of attacks, tree form, and total tree height varied significantly among provenances and among families within provenances in both light and severe infestation patches. The number of unattacked trees varied by provenance from 5 to 51%, but in patches of severe infestation it varied from 0 to 64%. The number of attacks per tree had a significant negative effect on tree height. However, at the same level of attack, some provenances grew significantly taller than others. Thirty, 19, and 51% of all trees were classified as having a good, medium, or poor form, respectively. Among provenances located in severe infestation patches, the percentages of trees having good form varied from 4 to 64%. The type of defect that formed after an attack (minor crook, major crook, or fork) varied by provenance. Aggregated weevil attack and genetic differences among provenances may have accounted for this variation.

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Petrík, Peter, Anja Petek, Alena Konôpková, Michal Bosela, Peter Fleischer, Josef Frýdl et Daniel Kurjak. « Stomatal and Leaf Morphology Response of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Provenances Transferred to Contrasting Climatic Conditions ». Forests 11, n^o 12 (18 décembre 2020) : 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121359.

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Climate change-induced elevated temperatures and drought are considered to be serious threats to forest ecosystems worldwide, negatively affecting tree growth and viability. We studied nine European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances located in two provenance trial plots with contrasting climates in Central Europe. Stomata play a vital role in the water balance of plants by regulating gaseous exchanges between plants and the atmosphere. Therefore, to explain the possible adaptation and acclimation of provenances to climate conditions, stomatal (stomatal density, the length of guard cells, and the potential conductance index) and leaf morphological traits (leaf size, leaf dry weight and specific leaf area) were assessed. The phenotypic plasticity index was calculated from the variability of provenances’ stomatal and leaf traits between the provenance plots. We assessed the impact of various climatic characteristics and derived indices (e.g., ecodistance) on intraspecific differences in stomatal and leaf traits. Provenances transferred to drier and warmer conditions acclimated through a decrease in stomatal density, the length of guard cells, potential conductance index, leaf size and leaf dry weight. The reduction in stomatal density and the potential conductance index was proportional to the degree of aridity difference between the climate of origin and conditions of the new site. Moreover, we found that the climate heterogeneity and latitude of the original provenance sites influence the phenotypic plasticity of provenances. Provenances from lower latitudes and less heterogeneous climates showed higher values of phenotypic plasticity. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between phenotypic plasticity and mortality in the arid plot but not in the more humid plot. Based on these impacts of the climate on stomatal and leaf traits of transferred provenances, we can improve the predictions of provenance reactions for future scenarios of global climate change.

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Lavadinovic, Vera, Ljubinko Rakonjac, Danijela Djunisijevic-Bojovic, Zoran Miletic et Filip Jovanovic. « Variability of potassium concentration in the needles of Douglas-fir provenances ». Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, n^o 120 (2019) : 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1920097l.

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Douglas-fir is one of the most common conifer species in the forest plantations of Europe. The provenance test model is based on the analysis of the properties (growth, anatomical, physiological, chemical, mechanical and other properties) of Douglas-fir in order to justify the transfer of seeds from North America to the ecosystems of Serbia. This type of program has been implemented in Serbia on several locations using different Douglas-fir provenances. Given that the analysis of different physiological properties of trees is important for the introduction of specified provenances into habitats in Serbia, in this paper the variability of potassium concentration in young Douglas-fir needles of different provenances was examined in an experimental field in Serbia. Potassium is very important in the physiological processes of plants. It is an essential element involved in a number of biochemical and physiological processes and plays a significant role in the adaptation of plants on biotic and abiotic stress factors. The highest potassium concentration was found in the ?Oregon 205-14? provenance - the only provenance in which the potassium concentration was significantly higher than the average value, so it can be characterized as a superior provenance for the uptake and accumulation of this element. It was found that, at this stage of development, the differences in the potassium concentration in trees in the provenance test have no significant effect on growth parameters. Further studies should show whether the concentration of this biogenic element in any way affects other properties important for the selection of provenances during the introduction process, such as resistance to stress factors.

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Johnson, I. G., A. J. Carnegie et M. Henson. « Growth, Form and Quambalaria Shoot Blight Tolerance of Spotted Gum in North-eastern New South Wales, Australia ». Silvae Genetica 58, n^o 1-6 (1 décembre 2009) : 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2009-0024.

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AbstractA young provenance/progeny trial of spotted gums, which are major hardwood plantation species in subtropical eastern Australia, was studied for growth, form, and damage from Quambalaria shoot blight. The trial contained a wide range of genotypes, mainly of Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata, with between one and 21 families per provenance. Genetic parameters were calculated from 23 provenances with four or more families. Provenances superior for growth included four well-represented C. citriodora subsp. variegata provenances, all from south-east Queensland, which also had a high proportion of superior families. Overall, Queensland provenances had significantly higher mean diameter and height than those from New South Wales (NSW), although there were several superior NSW families. Provenances superior for growth also displayed good straightness and relatively fine branching. Relatively low Quambalaria shoot blight damage was recorded for four Queensland provenances and one coastal NSW provenance, which all had high proportions of families with low damage. Provenances that were putative intergrades between C. citriodora subsp. variegata and C. maculata tended to have high damage levels. However, some mediocre provenances contained superior families potentially useful for breeding. Regressions of Quambalaria damage index (QDI) on latitude, and mean height growth on QDI, were highly significant and moderately strong (0.51 and 0.58, respectively), indicating increasing damage in more southern material, and a retarding effect (although not striking) of damage on growth. Individual heritability estimates were low (zero to 0.14) for growth and form, and moderate for QDI (0.31). The genetic correlations for QDI with growth traits were strong and negative (-0.77 and -0.88), supporting a strategy of selecting vigorous trees for breeding programs from provenances and families superior for these traits.

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O'Reilly, Conor, et John N. Owens. « Reproductive growth and development in seven provenances of lodgepole pine ». Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1988) : 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-008.

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Reproductive growth and development were studied in 1983 in seven provenances of Pinuscontorta Dougl. ssp. latifolia Engelm. growing in a provenance trial near Prince George, B.C. Stages of pollen release and seed-cone receptivity were scored by indices of cone development. Pollen- and seed-cone numbers were estimated and the distribution of seed cones within the upper crown and on annual growth increments of fourth-whorl branches was assessed. Pollen-and seed-cone bud development was followed in sectioned long-shoot buds taken at 2- to 3-week intervals. The times of maximum seed-cone receptivity and pollen release differed slightly among provenances, indicating that there was a high chance of cross-pollination. Differences among provenances in pollen-cone numbers were large, but smaller differences in seed-cone numbers were noted. No mature pollen cones or developing pollen-cone buds were found in the Yukon provenance. Seed-cone production varied with whorl position and was influenced by polycyclic long-shoot development. Potential pollen-cone buds were initiated from May until late June. Pollen cones first differentiated in early to mid July in all provenances. Potential seed-cone apices were noted from mid-June to late July and differentiation occurred in mid-July to early August, depending on provenance. Seed-cone bud development began first in the northern provenances.

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Lavadinovic, Vera, Dragica Obratov-Petkovic, Ljubinko Rakonjac, Zoran Miletic et Filip Jovanovic. « Effect of site and provenance on the thickness of transfusion parenchyma of Douglas-fir needles ». Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, n^o 118 (2018) : 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1818063l.

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Variability of introduced tree species can be assessed through provenance tests. Their genetic and ecological adaptability can be confirmed by investigating the variability of anatomical traits, analyzed in this research study. The aim of the paper was to determine whether there are differences in the width of transfusion parenchyma of Douglas-fir needles in different provenance in different habitats in Serbia. In Serbia, 2 provenance tests of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), whose seed originated from North America, were established with the aim of testing the species. A 2-factor analysis of variance of the thickness of needle transfusion parenchyma was carried out in order to study the effects of the interactions between site-specific conditions of the locations where the provenance tests were set. The role of this parenchyma is to support conductivity of water and mineral matters from xylem bundles and organic matters from chlorenchyma to phloem bundles. The analysis of variance shows that there are statistically significant differences in the values obtained for the studied anatomical traits between the provenances. LSD test shows that the provenances are homogeneous, i.e. there are no statistically significant differences in the mean values between them. The smaller range of variation in the properties of these provenances in comparison to other provenances can be partially explained with their genetic similarity which led to similar phenotypic expressions in the interaction with the external factors of the experimental sites.

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Cervantes, Martha, Eliane Ceccon et Consuelo Bonfil. « GERMINATION OF STORED SEEDS OF FOUR TREE SPECIES FROM THE TROPICAL DRY FOREST OF MORELOS, MEXICO ». Botanical Sciences 92, n^o 2 (9 juin 2014) : 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.96.

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Studies on propagation of trees of Tropical Dry Forests are scarce in Mexico, besides, the provenance of seeds used in reforestation programs is generally unknown or poorly addressed. Knowledge on seed germination patterns of different provenances, and how they change through time, is useful to identify adequate sources of seeds and to develop seed collection and storage programs under the low-tech conditions prevailing in most rural nurseries. We evaluated seed size variation and germination of stored seeds from three different provenances per species in Acacia bilimekii, Haematoxylum brasiletto, Lysiloma acapulcense, and L. divaricatum. Seeds were collected in four sites in the Tropical Dry Forest of Morelos, Mexico, and were stored at room temperature; seed size was estimated through the volume of 75 seeds per provenance/species. Seed germination tests were made periodically from six to 24 months after storage and the effects of provenance and storage time on germination were analyzed using Anovas. There were significant differences in seed size among provenances in all species, while the effect of provenance on germination rate was significant in three of them. Germination rate changed with storage time among species and provenances. After 24 months, germination capacity was still ≥ 50% in all provenances of the two Lysiloma species, but in A. bilimekii there were large differences among provenances. Mean germination capacity was low in H. brasiletto after six months. More research on seed germination and storage of a larger set of species and provenances is needed to restore the Mexican tropical dry forests.

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Lavadinovic, Vera, Vukan Lavadinovic et Ilija Djordjevic. « Variability of seedlings of Douglas-fir provenances introduced from Canada ». Genetika 47, n^o 3 (2015) : 1079–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1503079l.

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Introduction of Canadian provenances of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mir / Franco) in Serbia started with the first phase of testing their genetic potential by studying the effects of geographic characteristics of the locations from which the provenances originated (latitude, longitude and altitude) on the variability of the measured seedling properties. In the laboratory of the Institute for Forestry in Belgrade, germinability of Douglas-fir seeds was tested on the germination table ("Copenhagen table" or "Jakobson table") by the standards of ISTA. The analysis of variance and the regression and correlation analysis were applied in the study of the effects of geographic parameters of Canadian provenance locations on the variability of seedlings. The results show that there is a statistically significant effect of the provenance latitude on the length of seedlings. The effect of altitude is slightly smaller, while the longitude of the provenance location has the smallest effect on the studied property. The study of the variability of Douglas-fir provenances in their juvenile development, as seedlings, is essential for reliable planning and implementation of further tests within pilot projects on allochthonous sites in Serbia.

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Klisz, Marcin, Valentina Buttò, Sergio Rossi, Hubert Morin et Szymon Jastrzębowski. « Intra-annual stem size variations converge across marginal populations of European beech ». Trees 34, n^o 1 (1 octobre 2019) : 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-019-01915-5.

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Abstract Key message The intra-annual variability in stem size of marginal beech population from south-eastern distribution range of beech in Poland is higher within than between populations. Abstract One of the key issues of the distribution of tree species is their ability to track environmental changes. European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is a species highly sensitive to extreme climatic events, because of its high phenotypic plasticity. In this study, we aim to determine the variability in stem size between and within marginal beech populations. Marginal populations of beech growing under uniform environmental conditions of provenance trial offer unique opportunity to detect adaptive differentiations driven by natural selection. In this work, we studied stem size variation recorded by automatic band dendrometers in four beech marginal populations growing in a common garden in the south-eastern distribution range of beech in Poland over the period 2016–2018. Strong climatic effects and weak provenance differences in seasonal stem size variation were observed. The provenances exhibited similar climate-related seasonal stem circumference variation. A high within-provenance variation was confirmed. Temperature of spring as well as temperature and precipitation of autumn were detected as key climatic parameters mostly for onset and end of stem size variation. Maximum stem size was mostly affected by the later end of its variation, which positively affected its duration. Climatic distance between beech provenances and provenance trial had a negligible effect on the variability in seasonal stem size variation between provenances. The evidence of weak inter-provenance and high intra-provenance variation in stem size changes observed in the south-eastern distribution range indicates that an individual-based approach could be a suitable strategy, when selecting for phenotypic plasticity.

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Ivetić, Vladan, Marianthi Tsakaldimi, Petros Ganatsas, Ivona Kerkez Janković et Jovana Devetaković. « Freezing and Heating Tolerance of Pinus nigra Seedlings from Three South to North Balkan Provenances ». Sustainability 13, n^o 16 (18 août 2021) : 9290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169290.

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To meet the restoration and reforestation goals in the changing environment, the translocation of genotypes and species northward and upward need to be considered to a great extent. Pinus nigra is a genetically diverse, drought sensitive species, with cold hardiness comparable to other tree species under the same climatic conditions. This study tested frost hardiness (whole plant freezing test—WPFT, and electric conductivity—EC test), and heat tolerance (heat tolerance test) of P. nigra seedlings from two southern Greek provenances (Kalamata and Grevena) and one northern Serbian provenance (Šargan) to better understand the potential of seed transfer from the south to the north of the species distribution in the Balkan peninsula. The results showed that, that for all studied provenances, the damage was great; the index of injury (Ii) at −18 °C was ranged from 49 to 54.5 (measured by the EC method) and the percentage of injured tissues ranged from 80–90% (measured by visual observation). For all studied provenances, a sharp increase in damages was observed with the fall of temperature from −5 and −18 °C and the time after exposure. The WPFT results showed that the highest tolerance to freezing (−18 °C) was presented by seedlings from the northern (Šargan) provenance; however, no significant differences were statistically detected among the studied provenances. The heat and drought-treated seedlings, from both provenances, presented significantly highler foliar damages than only drought-treated ones. For seedlings from both contrasting provenances (Grevena and Šargan), exposure to moderate heat (45 °C) and short drought did present damages but without significant difference between them. Considering freezing and heating tolerance, Greek provenances of P. nigra (i.e., Grevena region) can be successfully used in Serbian forestation and restoration programs. The present study makes a contribution towards P. nigra reforestation with practical implications for abiotic stress (frost, heat drought) tolerance among southern and northern provenances and could be valuable to determine the suitable provenances for reforestation programs and assisted population migration under climatic change scenarios.

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Otrosina, William J., et Stanley J. Zarnoch. « Response of different white fir geographic provenances to Trichosporium symbioticum inoculation in California ». Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, n^o 6 (juin 2012) : 1178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-059.

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We inoculated the fir engraver ( Scolytus ventralis LeConte) associated fungus Trichosporium symbioticum Wright onto 56 white fir ( Abies concolor (Gordon & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.) trees planted in a common garden study near Camino, California, that represented five geographic provenances of this species. The objective was to determine if there is a differential lesion length response of white fir provenances with respect to provenance. We found a significant (P < 0.019) difference between the provenances from Arizona and those of eastern Nevada origins 28 days after inoculation. There was a significant interaction between the two T. symbioticum isolates and season of inoculation. Fall inoculations tended to have smaller lesions than those in the spring but this varied by isolate in that the one from eastern Nevada tended to produce longer lesions in the spring (P = 0.0001) whereas the isolate from the Camino plantation did not differ between spring and fall (P = 1.000). There is evidence for genetic variability relative to white fir provenance lesion length in response to T. symbioticum inoculation, and in future studies, isolate variability should also be taken into account.

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Lesser, Mark R., Marilyn Cherry et William H. Parker. « Investigation of limestone ecotypes of white spruce based on a provenance test series ». Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, n^o 5 (1 mai 2004) : 1119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-286.

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Previous laboratory and field studies have presented evidence for the existence of limestone ecotypes in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Remeasurements of the range-wide 410 series of provenance trials were used for further evaluation of the existence of these ecotypes. In 2001, heights were measured of 23 provenances grown at four test sites in Ontario, all located south of 46°N. Bedrock classification for test sites and provenances by limestone or non-limestone parent material was done using a 1993 data set of the Ontario Geological Survey. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among test sites and provenances only. No significant interactions consistent with the existence of limestone ecotypes were detected. This finding is in contrast to that of an earlier field study that detected a strong interaction between test site and provenance bedrock type (p < 0.001). Examination of the relative performance of individual provenances from limestone and non-limestone bedrock types revealed differences in performance at the four different test sites but few instances supporting the existence of limestone ecotypes. Although these more recent results generally support a pattern of between-stand variation in southern Ontario, they do not disprove the existence of limestone ecotypes, owing to the nature of the 410-series test design and the classification of provenances according to bedrock type instead of actual soil analyses.

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Kamanula, Mussa, Chimuleke Yagontha Munthali et John Finias Kamanula. « Nutritional and Phytochemical Variation of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) (Subspecies caffra and birrea) Fruit among Nine International Provenances Tested in Malawi ». International Journal of Food Science 2022 (11 octobre 2022) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4686368.

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Sclerocarya birrea (Marula) is one of the indigenous fruit trees that was selected for domestication in Malawi. This study was conducted to assess nutritional and phytochemical variation of Sclerocarya birrea (subspecies caffra and birrea) fruits planted in an international provenance trial in Malawi. Vitamin C, calcium, iron, zinc, fat, and fibre content ranged from 6 to 81 mg/100 g; 1.8 to 5.3 mg/100 g; 1.4 to 3.3 mg/100 g; 0.3 to 0.8 mg/100 g; 51.6 to 57.7%; and 4.1 to 6.9%, respectively. Phytochemical scores showed that all nine provenances contained weak (+) concentration of alkaloids. Kalimbeza (Namibia) and Magamba-Turiani (Tanzania) provenances showed moderate (++) concentrations of saponins. Chikhwawa (Malawi), Missira (Mali), and Moamba (Mozambique) provenances had moderate (++) concentrations of tannins. Missira (Mali) and Kalimbeza (Namibia) provenances showed weak (+) concentration of terpenoids. Variations observed in nutritional and phytochemical composition could be attributed to genetic make-up and origin of the genotypes, since all genotypes were planted in the same environment. Therefore, selection of Sclerocarya birrea for domestication purposes should consider the provenance (origin of genotypes) and subspecies levels. Further studies should investigate vegetative propagation and heritability of nutritional and phytochemical traits before the use of seed for propagation.

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Raymond, Carolyn A., et M. Henson. « Genetic Variation Amongst and Within The Native Provenances of Pinus radiata D. Don in South-eastern Australia. 1. Growth and form to age 26 years ». Silvae Genetica 58, n^o 1-6 (1 décembre 2009) : 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2009-0031.

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Abstract Four hundred and sixty individual families of Pinus radiata, representing all provenances and populations in a 1978 seed collection, plus a local seed orchard control, were planted together in 1980 in a large trial in southern New South Wales, Australia. Provenance means and genetic parameters for growth measured at ages 3, 8 and 26 years plus stem straightness, branch angle and nodality at age 26 years are reported. Large provenance differences were apparent for all traits. The two island provenances, Cedros and Guadalupe, were significantly inferior to the mainland provenances and, due to competition effects, very few trees survived to age 26. Within the mainland provenances, the performance of Año Nuevo and Monterey was almost identical, with Cambria being less vigorous. The best performing seedlot for all traits was the local control. Differences between populations within the mainland provenances were apparent for diameter at age 26 within Año Nuevo and Cambria but not Monterey. Año Nuevo also showed population differences for stem straightness. Heritabilities for early growth were similar within Año Nuevo and Monterey but by age 26, the heritability for diameter was higher in Monterey. Within Cambria, heritabilities for growth and tree form at age 26 were close to zero. Genetic correlations between traits showed similar patterns for each of the mainland provenances, with the exception of correlations with stem straightness within Año Nuevo. Results are discussed in light of recent molecular studies of genetic architecture, levels of inbreeding in the native stands and possible effects of this inbreeding.

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Chuine, Isabelle, Sally N. Aitken et Cheng C. Ying. « Temperature thresholds of shoot elongation in provenances of Pinus contorta ». Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, n^o 8 (1 août 2001) : 1444–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-072.

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Periodicity of shoot elongation in seedlings of Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. was assessed during one growing season in two extremely different environments (Cowichan Lake, and Red Rock, British Columbia) for 109 provenances sampled range wide. Analysis of variance of total elongation and growth parameters showed significant differences among geographic regions and among provenances within each region. Our study also revealed tremendous genotype-by-environment interaction for growth and phenological traits. The response of growth to temperature of each provenance was assessed from their growth curve using an original methodology. The estimated temperature threshold of the provenance growth responses (i.e., the temperature for which the response reaches half of its maximum) varied between 4.1 and 6.5°C among regions. Threshold temperatures showed less variation than total elongation, and only the northern provenances showed thresholds significantly different from the other regions. Our results show that, across highly contrasting environments, relationship between phenology and growth may not be as important as the relationship between growth and number of internode priomordia. This tempers the results of studies, carried out in one or few similar environments, that have shown that phenological differences were important in determining total height growth in lodgepole pine.

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Tognetti, Roberto, Marco Michelozzi, Marco Lauteri, Enrico Brugnoli et Raffaello Giannini. « Geographic variation in growth, carbon isotope discrimination, and monoterpene composition in Pinus pinaster Ait. provenances ». Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, n^o 11 (1 novembre 2000) : 1682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-096.

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The geographic variation in monoterpene composition, growth, and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) was assessed for trees of maritime pine, Pinus pinaster Ait., from five provenances (one Portuguese, Corsican, and Tuscan and two Sardinian: Telti and Limbara) grown on four different field sites in Sardinia island, Italy. Analysis of monoterpenes as biochemical markers revealed differentiation among the provenances and suggest four groupings, corresponding to the pooled Sardinian provenances (Telti and Limbara) and the other individually separated provenances. The five provenances exhibited statistically significant variation for height and diameter. Significant variation for growth parameters were also observed among the locations studied. The five provenances showed weak variations for Δ (range 17.1-17.5), while highly significant differences were observed amongst the four sites. A strong negative correlation was observed between mean tree height and mean Δ for the five provenances only at one site (the coolest and highest); the relationship was weak for the five seed sources at the other three locations. The Portuguese provenance that showed the highest potential for growth amongst the seed sources studied had a distinct terpene pattern and a tendency for lower Δ (higher WUE) than the other populations.

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Jovanović, Filip, Vera Lavadinović, Ljubinko Rakonjac, Snežana Stajić et Zoran Miletić. « Variability of potassium content in the needles of Douglas-fir provenances of Canadian origin ». Sustainable Forestry : Collection, n^o 81-82 (2020) : 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sustfor2081029j.

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The provenance test model is based on the analysis of growth, anatomical, physiological, chemical, mechanical, and other properties of an allochthonous species to justify its transfer from the place of origin to new ecosystems. Douglas-fir is one of the most common allochthonous conifer species in the forest plantations of Europe. Given that the analysis of different physiological properties of trees is important for the introduction of specified provenances into new habitats, this paper presents the results of an investigation of the variability of potassium content in young Douglas-fir needles of 14 Canadian provenances raised on two experimental sites in Belgrade. Potassium is an essential element involved in a number of biochemical and physiological processes and plays a significant role in the adaptation of plants on biotic and abiotic stress factors. Determination of the deviation of potassium content in the needles of each Douglas-fir provenance studied was performed using the Z-test.

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Mutiso Festus, Hunja Carol W, Muluvi Geoffrey M, Kitheka Johnson U, Kioko Danson, Kimatu Josphert, Ndufa James K et Mutati Kennedy. « Growth and fruiting of selected provenances of Moringa oleifera Lam. in South Eastern region of Kenya ». Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews 5, n^o 2 (30 juillet 2022) : 008–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2022.5.2.0037.

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There is increasing narrowing of the genetic base of exotic species introduced in many parts of the world. This is causing a restricted genetic diversity and consequential loss of biotic and abiotic tolerance of these species. Hence, there is need to establish the genetic stability of such species for future genetic broadening. One such plant is Moringa oleifera Lam. which belongs to the family moringaceae; a monogeneric family of shrubs and trees consisting of 13 species and is native to India. M. oleifera is the most economically useful species in the genus and is widely cultivated and naturalized in tropical and subtropical areas and in over 60 countries worldwide. In Kenya, M. oleifera is widely cultivated in coast and some parts of Eastern Kenya. A provenance trial was set up at South Eastern Kenya University (SEKU), located at Kwa Vonza location, lower Yatta Sub-County, Kitui County. The aim of the provenance trial was i) to determine whether the collected Moringa exhibited different growth and fruiting habits and ii) if so, select the best performing provenances for large-scale propagation of the species in Kenya. The trial involved fifteen provenances selected from a wide geographical region in Eastern and Coastal regions of Kenya. Each provenance consisted of 200 seedlings at a spacing of 2m by 2m and was replicated three times. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Growth data (diameter and height), fruiting and fruit maturation were measured for a period of 12 months. Monthly growth data were used to generate horizontal and vertical growth curves. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) and test of homogeneity of variances were used to detect existence of statistically significant differences in the fifteen provenances. The results indicated statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between the provenances with the Mwakiki provenance being the most significantly different and the Mackinnon one being the least. Intra-seasonal fruiting and fruit maturation peaked in the months of November and December. Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis showed very strong positive correlations between growth and yield traits. The results also showed that the Mwakiki provenance had a stable performance in the three traits studied and is recommended for adoption especially where fruit production is the preferred end product. Molecular analysis of all the species should also be done to determine the genetic base status and correlate them with this phenotypic analysis.

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Petkova, K., M. Georgieva et M. Uzunov. « Investigation of Douglas-fir provenance test in North-Western Bulgaria at the age of 24 years ». Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 7 (5 août 2014) : 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/12/2014-jfs.

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A comparative analysis of growth rate and health condition of 54 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) provenances was conducted at the age of 24 years. The provenance test was established in 1990 with 3-year-old (3+0) seedlings planted in a 2 × 2 m plot design and two replications. The provenances which were studied originated from North America and were separated into coastal, continental and Western Cascade groups. In 2011 the growth rate was studied in terms of height, diameter at breast height and stem volume. The health condition was assessed by the evidence of symptoms and degree of defoliation caused by the fungi Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii (Rohde) Petrak and Rhabdocline pseudotsugae (Syd.). The provenances Newhalem, Darrington, Idanha and Bremerton were characterized by the most rapid growth, highest productivity and lower susceptibility to both fungal pathogens. These Douglas-fir provenances were recommended for future afforestation in Bulgaria. Ten continental provenances should be excluded from future afforestation because of their lowest growth rate and productivity and high susceptibility to P. gaeumannii and R. pseudotsugae.  

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Mataruga, Milan, Vasilije Isajev, Kosana Konstantinov, Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic et Vanja Danicic. « Proteins in seed and seedlings of selected Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) trees as genetic markers tolerant to drought ». Genetika 39, n^o 2 (2007) : 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0702259m.

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A precondition necessary for creation and selection of genotypes tolerant of stress conditions is a study of physiological, biochemical and molecular bases of their adaptive reaction to stress. The study includes 40 lines of free pollination originating from 5 provenances: Sutjeska, Visegrad, Tara, Teslic and Durmitor (B&H, Serbia and Montenegro). Two populations were selected from each provenance, i.e.: 5 lines of free pollination represent the population growing on the cliffs and 3 lines of free pollination represent the population growing at the best site of Austrian pine. Specific characteristics of the studied provenances, populations, and free pollination lines were confirmed by the analyses in the salt-soluble proteins. The identical protein composition was proved in a small number of cases in the replicates of the same free pollination line, which indicates a high intra-line variability, which can be the result of the effect of father, as well as of heterozygosity of mother trees. The analyses of protein composition of seed showed considerable differences at provenance level. Inter-line, population and provenance differences, and also, the interaction between the origin and drought factor, were recorded for 9-day-old seedlings germinated in induced drought conditions and in normal conditions.

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Nakvasina, Elena N., et Nadezhda A. Prozherina. « Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) reaction to climate change in the provenance tests in the north of the Russian plain ». Folia Forestalia Polonica 63, n^o 2 (1 juin 2021) : 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0015.

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Abstract Species with continuous distribution area will be impacted by climate change in different ways. That is related to the population’s geographical position and climate features of the population formation. Short-term response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was studied with taken into consideration intraspecies features of populations. Provenance tests in the Arkhangelsk (62.60 N, 39.98 E) and Vologda (62.60 N, 39.98E) regions located in the north of the Russian Plain were used. Provenances collection (23 provenances from the northern, middle, and southern taiga subzones and mixed forest zone) from areas with different climate characteristics was considered. Clinal variability and a reaction norm of vegetative and generative response to various levels of temperature change and seed transfer were studied. Average actual height and diameter values for 31-year provenances and calculated values for provenances were compared using ‘latitudinal growth coefficient’ proposed by I.V. Volosevich (1984) for the north of the Russian Plain. Provenance reproductive ability response was assessed using seed-bearing trees’ numbers in provenances of the 1st class of age. Pine growing in the north of the Russian Plain would respond to warming by productivity increasing more significantly than pine growing in the south. Response of pine from the northern and middle taiga subzones on climate warming can be expected on 1.01 m and 1.12 cm to temperature rise by 100°C for height and diameter, and 0.85 m and 0.93 cm for seeds transfer to 1 degree of northern latitude to southward. Probable reaction norm for pine reproduction potential under temperature change by 100°C of the sum of the temperatures above 10ºС and seed transfer by 1 degree of northern latitude can be expected about 6%.

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Zehnder, Markus. « Adopting the Stranger as Kindred in Deuteronomy ». European Journal of Theology 29, n^o 1 (1 décembre 2020) : 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2020.1.011.zehn.

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SUMMARY Glanville's study investigates the passages in Deuteronomy which deal with the ger. He observes that virtually all these texts advocate the inclusion of the ger in the extended family, the local community, and ultimately the people of YHWH. The inclusion is advanced mainly in the economic realm, the judiciary, and through the participation in religious festivals. This part of the analysis is convincing. Less compelling is his view that the inclusion proceeds in three steps, represented in the three major hypothetical layers of Deuteronomy. The question of the provenance of the ger is answered by saying that the term only points to displacement, without indicating whether national(-religious) foreignness is implied. Based on the historical reconstruction, in a majority of cases the ger is a fellow Israelite. RÉSUMÉ Cet ouvrage étudie les textes du Deutéronome concernant l’étranger (hébreu ger). Il trouve dans presque tous ces textes une ligne générale recommandant l’intégration de l’étranger dans la famille élargie, dans la communauté locale, et, finalement, dans le peuple de Yahvé. Cette intégration doit être favorisée dans la sphère économique, dans le domaine judiciaire, et jusque par la participation aux fêtes religieuses. Cette partie de l’analyse nous paraît très convaincante. L’auteur est bien moins convaincant quand il défend la thèse de trois stades correspondant aux trois principales couches rédactionnelles dont il fait l’hypothèse pour le Deutéronome, celle de l’époque de l’attaque de Juda par Sennachérib, celle de la conquête babylonienne de Juda et celle de la période perse. La question de la provenance de l’étranger est traitée de la manière suivante : le terme hébreu ger indique seulement un déplacement géographique de la personne, sans impliquer nécessairement qu’il appartient à une nation étrangère ou à une autre religion. Sa reconstruction historique le mène à la conclusion que l’étranger se trouve être, dans la majorité des cas, un co-Israélite ou un co-Judéen. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Glanvilles Studie untersucht jene Abschnitte in Deuteronomium, die sich mit dem Wort ger befassen. Er beobachtet, dass praktisch all diese Texte sich für eine Aufnahme des ger in die erweiterte Familie, die Gemeinschaft vor Ort und schließlich in das Volk von YHWH aussprechen. Die Aufnahme wird hauptsächlich in den Bereichen Wirtschaft und Rechtswesen vorangebracht und durch die Teilhabe an religiösen Feierlichkeiten. Dieser Teil der Analyse überzeugt. Weniger überzeugend ist die Ansicht des Autors, dass die Aufnahme in drei Schritten stattfindet, wie in den drei hypothetischen Hauptschichten von Deuteronomium vertreten. Die Frage nach der Herkunft des ger wird durch den Hinweis beantwortet, der Terminus zeige nur eine örtliche Veränderung an, ohne anzugeben, ob es sich um eine nationale oder national-religiöse Fremdheit handelt. Auf Grund von historischer Rekonstruierung erweist sich dann der ger in einer Vielzahl von Fällen als Mitisraelit.

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Zehnder, Markus. « Adopting the Stranger as Kindred in Deuteronomy ». European Journal of Theology 29, n^o 1 (1 décembre 2020) : 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2020.1.011.zehn.

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SUMMARYGlanville's study investigates the passages in Deuteronomy which deal with the ger. He observes that virtually all these texts advocate the inclusion of the ger in the extended family, the local community, and ultimately the people of YHWH. The inclusion is advanced mainly in the economic realm, the judiciary, and through the participation in religious festivals. This part of the analysis is convincing. Less compelling is his view that the inclusion proceeds in three steps, represented in the three major hypothetical layers of Deuteronomy. The question of the provenance of the ger is answered by saying that the term only points to displacement, without indicating whether national(-religious) foreignness is implied. Based on the historical reconstruction, in a majority of cases the ger is a fellow Israelite.RÉSUMÉCet ouvrage étudie les textes du Deutéronome concernant l’étranger (hébreu ger). Il trouve dans presque tous ces textes une ligne générale recommandant l’intégration de l’étranger dans la famille élargie, dans la communauté locale, et, finalement, dans le peuple de Yahvé. Cette intégration doit être favorisée dans la sphère économique, dans le domaine judiciaire, et jusque par la participation aux fêtes religieuses. Cette partie de l’analyse nous paraît très convaincante. L’auteur est bien moins convaincant quand il défend la thèse de trois stades correspondant aux trois principales couches rédactionnelles dont il fait l’hypothèse pour le Deutéronome, celle de l’époque de l’attaque de Juda par Sennachérib, celle de la conquête babylonienne de Juda et celle de la période perse. La question de la provenance de l’étranger est traitée de la manière suivante : le terme hébreu ger indique seulement un déplacement géographique de la personne, sans impliquer nécessairement qu’il appartient à une nation étrangère ou à une autre religion. Sa reconstruction historique le mène à la conclusion que l’étranger se trouve être, dans la majorité des cas, un co-Israélite ou un co-Judéen.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGGlanvilles Studie untersucht jene Abschnitte in Deuteronomium, die sich mit dem Wort ger befassen. Er beobachtet, dass praktisch all diese Texte sich für eine Aufnahme des ger in die erweiterte Familie, die Gemeinschaft vor Ort und schließlich in das Volk von YHWH aussprechen. Die Aufnahme wird hauptsächlich in den Bereichen Wirtschaft und Rechtswesen vorangebracht und durch die Teilhabe an religiösen Feierlichkeiten. Dieser Teil der Analyse überzeugt. Weniger überzeugend ist die Ansicht des Autors, dass die Aufnahme in drei Schritten stattfindet, wie in den drei hypothetischen Hauptschichten von Deuteronomium vertreten. Die Frage nach der Herkunft des ger wird durch den Hinweis beantwortet, der Terminus zeige nur eine örtliche Veränderung an, ohne anzugeben, ob es sich um eine nationale oder national-religiöse Fremdheit handelt. Auf Grund von historischer Rekonstruierung erweist sich dann der ger in einer Vielzahl von Fällen als Mitisraelit.

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O'Reilly, Conor, et John N. Owens. « Shoot, needle, and cambial growth phenology and branch tracheid dimensions in provenances of lodgepole pine ». Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, n^o 5 (1 mai 1989) : 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-094.

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Shoot and needle growth phenology was studied in first-order fourth-whorl branches from seven provenances of Pinuscontorta Dougl. ssp. latifolia Engelm. from British Columbia and the Yukon, growing in a provenance trial at Prince George, British Columbia. The phenology of tracheid production was followed in cross sections from the midportion of the 1st-year increment of similar branches. Tracheid diameter and wall thickness were measured at increments across the ring in sections from dormant branches. Differences among provenances in the dates of growth initiation were small or negligible, although early relative growth rates were higher in the northern provenances. The times of cessation differed greatly among provenances for needle and cambial growth, but less for shoot elongation. Duration of growth had the largest effect on final needle length and tracheid numbers. Shoot length was affected largely by rates of elongation. The northern provenances had few, narrow-diameter, relatively thin-walled tracheids. Provenances showed contrasting patterns in diameter measurements across the ring, but wall thickness displayed a more consistent trend.

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Elena N, Nakvasina, Demina Nadezhda A et Prozherina Nadezhda A. « Evaluation of survival and growth of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and Picea obovata Ledeb. provenances in the north of Russia ». Journal of Forest Science 63, No. 9 (21 septembre 2017) : 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/74/2017-jfs.

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Adaptation variability and ecological plasticity in the “genotype-environment” system of 22 provenances of Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten, Picea obovata (von Ledebour) and their introgressive hybrids growing within the Russian Plain were studied. Provenances grow in provenance trials located in the Arkhangelsk, Vologda Regions, and Komi Republic. For assessment of provenances in the “genotype-environment” system, the ranking method was used. Based on a complex ranking index (survival, diameter, height) two local areas of the most adaptive geographic races of P. abies, P. obovata and their hybrid forms were distinguished. In the south-western part of the Russian Plain the best provenances are represented by P. abies and related hybrids from Karelia, Vologda, Leningrad, and Pskov Regions. In the north-eastern part they are represented by P. obovata and its hybrids from the Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk, Sverdlovsk Regions. Provenances of local P. abies and related hybrid forms demonstrate high ecological plasticity on their growing in harsh climatic conditions of the north outside of the species distribution area.

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Jamnická, Fleischer, Konôpková, Pšidová, Kučerová, Kurjak, Živčák et Ditmarová. « Norway Spruce (Picea abies L.) Provenances Use Different Physiological Strategies to Cope with Water Deficit ». Forests 10, n^o 8 (1 août 2019) : 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080651.

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Research Highlights: In this study, we found different regulatory mechanisms in two contrasting provenances of Norway spruce responding to progressive drought stress. Background and Objectives: In the context of climate and environmental changes, the following question of high importance in scientific studies is: How will Norway spruce, which forms a dominant component in European mountain and boreal forests, be able to cope with the increasing frequencies and intensities of drought periods? The aim of the study was to investigate the physiological responses of eight-month-old seedlings, as a most vulnerable phase of forest tree life, for different spruce provenances, to find out variable strategies in relation to controlled drought stress. Materials and Methods: We performed an experiment under controlled conditions with spruce seedlings from a climatologically warmer stand of 410 m above sea level (a.s.l.), and a moderately cool stand of 931 m a.s.l. The soil water content, leaf predawn water potential, the osmotic potential of needles, the relative water content of needles, and the photosynthetic performance and the contents of primary metabolites (proline and abscisic acid) were investigated as indicators of the spruce seedlings’ responses to water stress. The status of the indicators was analyzed at different temporal intervals, using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), reflecting the seedlings´ water conditions (early drought, drought, or recovery). On a daily basis, the differences among the indicators were tested with one-way ANOVA. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the provenance-specific responses of tree drought indicators in a multi-dimensional data set. Results: The responses to drought stress differed between the provenances. Whereas seedlings of ´warm´ provenance from a low altitude performed a conservation strategy, with high amounts of accumulated abscisic acid and closing the stomata faster, the reactions of ´cool´ provenance seedlings from a higher altitude were not so sensitive and the plants’ water supply and photosynthetic performance remained significantly higher. These findings indicate that a higher drought resistance in ´cool´ provenance could be related to greater amounts of proline amino-acids, which are accumulated from the beginning of the drought simulation. Furthermore, proline accumulation resulting in increased stress tolerance is controlled through another mechanism than osmotic adjustment. Conclusions: The observed variations in the regulatory mechanisms used to develop adaptive strategies in different provenances are an important factor for seedling survival under a changing climate.

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Tenkanen, Antti, Sarita Keski-Saari, Jarkko Salojärvi, Elina Oksanen, Markku Keinänen et Sari Kontunen-Soppela. « Differences in growth and gas exchange between southern and northern provenances of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in northern Europe ». Tree Physiology 40, n^o 2 (19 décembre 2019) : 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz124.

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Abstract Due to its ubiquity across northern latitudes, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is an attractive model species for studying geographical trait variation and acclimation capacity. Six birch provenances from 60 to 67°N across Finland were grown in a common garden and studied for provenance and genotype variation. We looked for differences in height growth, photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll content index (CCI) and compared the gas exchange of early and late leaves on short and long shoots, respectively. The provenances stratified into southern and northern groups. Northern provenances attained less height growth increment and had higher stomatal conductance (gs) and lower intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE, Anet/gs) than southern provenances, whereas net photosynthesis (Anet) or CCI did not show clear grouping. Short shoot leaves had lower gs and higher WUE than long shoot leaves in all provenances, but there was no difference in Anet between shoot types. The separation of the provenances into two groups according to their physiological responses might reflect the evolutionary history of B. pendula. Latitudinal differences in gas exchange and water use traits can have plausible consequences for global carbon and water fluxes in a warming climate.

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Skordilis, Antonis, et Costas A. Thanos. « Seed stratification and germination strategy in the Mediterranean pines Pinus brutia and P. halepensis ». Seed Science Research 5, n^o 3 (septembre 1995) : 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500002774.

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AbstractThe ecophysiology of germination in Pinus brutia and P. halepensis was studied in seeds collected from different areas of Greece. In regard to the temperature range of germination, both P. halepensis and the southern provenance (Lasithi, Crete) of the East Mediterranean pine, P. brutia, follow a typical Mediterranean pattern. In the latter species, dramatic differences in the degree of dormancy were noted among the three provenances investigated; in all seed lots however, 20°C was clearly the optimal temperature for germination. Stratification resulted in a considerable promotion of P. brutia seed germination. Nevertheless, the inductive effect of stratification was shown to differ among the three provenances used, escalating from a simple increase of germination rate (in the southern seed lot from Lasithi, Crete) through a broadening of the temperature range of germination (in the intermediate lot from Thasos Island) to, finally, a dramatic release from a particularly deep dormancy (in the northern lot from Soufli). These deeply dormant seeds of the latter provenance displayed an absolute stratification requirement; prolonged illumination or seed coat scarification could not substitute for the promotive effect of prechilling. A considerable interaction between far-red light and stratification was revealed in the dormant seeds of P. brutia (Soufli provenance); far-red pulses during stratification could either cancel or diminish the germination promotion induced by low temperatures. The differences observed in the germination behaviour among the various P. brutia provenances may be attributed to a variable ecophysiological strategy in regard to the temporal pattern of seedling emergence and establishment. According to the variants of this strategy, seed germination is timed to occur during either spring (in regions with relatively cold and moist climates), or autumn and early winter (in southern, mild and dry areas) or both (in intermediate conditions).

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Aguiar, B. I., F. B. Gandara, M. L. M. Freitas, M. L. T. Moraes, P. Y. Kageyama et A. M. Sebbenn. « Validation of microsatellite loci for Balfourodendron riedelianum through analysis of Mendelian inheritance, genetic linkage, and genotypic linkage disequilibrium ». Silvae Genetica 68, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2019) : 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sg-2019-0015.

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Abstract Balfourodendron riedelianum is a tropical tree endemic to the Atlantic Forest biome that is currently endangered due to forest fragmentation and extensive exploitation. Three populations of the species are conserved ex situ in a provenance and progeny test at the Luiz Antônio Experimental Station, São Paulo State, Brazil. To verify if seven microsatellite loci developed for the species can be used as genetic markers in analyses focused on conservation and sustainable use strategies, leaf tissue samples were collected from the three provenances and from 17 seed trees in one provenance. We analyzed Mendelian inheritance and genetic linkage for the 17 seed trees and genotypic linkage disequilibrium for individuals from the three provenances. For six of the seven loci analyzed, all 17 seed trees showed heterozygosity. The inheritance and genetic linkage analyses were performed using respective locus, while the genotypic linkage disequilibrium analysis was performed for the seven loci. After Bonferroni correction, none of the 75 tests showed deviation from Mendelian segregation and genetic linkage, nor did we detect genotypic linkage disequilibrium. The results suggest that six of the seven loci can be used for population genetics studies on B. riedelianum.

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O'Reilly, Conor, et John N. Owens. « Long-shoot bud development, shoot growth, and foliage production in provenances of lodgepole pine ». Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, n^o 11 (1 novembre 1987) : 1421–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-220.

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Long-shoot bud development, shoot growth, and foliage production were studied in seven provenances of Pinuscontorta Dougl. ssp. latifolia Engelm. from the major sites in British Columbia and one Yukon source growing in a provenance trial at Prince George, B.C. Branch terminal apical mitotic activity began in early March and continued until late September. Initiation of axillary buds began in May, about 2 weeks after the initiation of the subtending cataphyll. Differentiation of dwarf shoots began in early July to mid-August and continued until late October in some sources. Distal axillary buds had not always differentiated by late October in the southern sources. The duration of the period of apical growth and apical size during activity were related to final cataphyll numbers. Provenances with the widest, flattest, dormant apices produced the most cataphylls. The two northern provenances had more terminal sterile cataphylls but fewer sterile cataphylls lower in the long-shoot bud and shorter mean stem unit lengths than the others. Differences among provenances in shoot length were due mostly to variation in stem unit numbers. The large proportion of polycyclic long shoots in some provenances contributed to variation in dwarf shoot numbers.

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Lavadinovic, Vera, Vasilije Isajev, Zoran Miletic et Milun Krstic. « Variability of nitrogen content in the needles of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mir/Franco) provenances ». Genetika 43, n^o 2 (2011) : 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1102407l.

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Nitrogen content in the needles of twenty Douglas-fir provenances, originating from different sites within the native range of the species in the USA, was studied in a Douglas-fir provenance test established at the montane beech site on acid brown soil. Based on the variability of nitrogen content in the needles, the intensity and dynamics of the physiological processes of Douglas-fir mineral nutrition were analyzed as the indicators of Douglas-fir adaptive potential to the sites in Serbia. All the trees of the study provenances were of the same age and grown under the same site and population conditions. The quantities of nitrogen absorbed in Douglas-fir needles were correlated with the geographical characteristics of the native sites of the observed provenances. The differences in nitrogen content in Douglas-fir needles point out the variability in the intensity of the physiological processes in the genotypes of the different provenances. Since the study Douglas-fir trees are cultivated on relatively small areas, in more or less equal general conditions, it can be concluded that the parameters of mineral nutrition depend on the genotypes constituting the gene pool of the study Douglas-fir provenances.

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Prasaningtyas, Asri, et Joko Sulistyo. « Study of Provenance and Site Variability on Calorific Value and Other Fuel Properties of Teak Stem ». Wood Research Journal 5, n^o 1 (7 avril 2022) : 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2014.5.1.23-28.

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Currently Perum Perhutani has conducted efforts to improve the productivity of teak forest by provenance trial. However, only a few studies have so far considered the variation of these main fuel properties of wood under the influence of external factors such as location and provenance. On the other side, the huge amount of waste was regularly generated from primary and secondary wood processings. Therefore, in this research, the calorific value and other fuel properties were investigated and related to provenance and growth site. This research used the stem wood and bark of five provenances (1 to 5) of teaks that were planted at three sites of Perhutani stand (Bojonegoro, Ngawi, Ciamis). The fuel characterisctics of bark were only evaluated at Ciamis site. Compared to bark, wood generally had lower values in ash content, volatile matter content, and density, but had higher values in fixed carbon content, calorific value, and Fuelwood Value Index levels. The caloric values of teak wood and bark were 4,191~4,520 cal/g and 3,545~3,939 cal/g, respectively. Provenance and site interaction had significant effect to the ash content, density, and calorific value in wood. The samples from Ciamis site (code Ft) had the highest level in calorific value. However, the relation between calorific value and density is not clear in this experiment. With regard to bark, provenance 3 (Ft) showed the best energy properties.

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Popov, E. B. « Results of 20 years old Douglas-fir provenance experiment established on the northern slopes of Rila Mountain in Bulgaria ». Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 9 (1 octobre 2014) : 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/14/2014-jfs.

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The purpose of this study is to facilitate the detection of provenances relevant to the reforestation practice in Bulgaria. Studies were carried out in a Douglas-fir provenance trial plantation established at an altitude of 800 m a.s.l. on the northern slopes of Rila Mountain. To establish the productivity, assess the stands and rank provenances biometric procedures, methods of descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used. The diameter at breast height, average height, dominant height, total growing stock volume, assortment timber structure and survival of trees were analyzed in the stands of 55 Douglas-fir provenances. The provenances were characterized in terms of productivity of forest stands at 20 years of age and their ability to produce high quality timber was evaluated. Provenances: Newhalem No. 4 (Seed zone 402), Darrington No. 7 (Seed zone 403), Parkdale No. 19 (Seed zone 661) and Idanha No. 29 (Seed zone 452) have been recommended. Among the recommended provenances are those with growing stock volume with branches from 296 to 354 m3·ha–1, mean annual increment from 14.8 to 17.7 m3·ha–1 and dominant heights of up to 17.9 m.

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Čehulić, Ivica, Krunoslav Sever, Ida Katičić Bogdan, Anamarija Jazbec, Željko Škvorc et Saša Bogdan. « Drought Impact on Leaf Phenology and Spring Frost Susceptibility in a Quercus robur L. Provenance Trial ». Forests 10, n^o 1 (11 janvier 2019) : 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010050.

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Research highlights: The susceptibility of oaks to late spring and early autumn frosts is directly related to their leaf phenology. Drought may alter the leaf phenology and therefore frost tolerance of oaks. However, the effects of drought on oak leaf phenology and frost resistance have not been thoroughly studied. Background and objectives: One of the consequences of climate change is an increase in the frequency of dry episodes during the vegetation period. Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is an economically and ecologically important forest tree species that prefers humid habitats. Therefore, knowledge of the impact of drought on this species is of great importance for the adaptation of forestry strategies and practices to altered environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of drought on leaf phenology and spring frost susceptibility in nine provenances. Materials and methods: One-year-old saplings originating from nine European provenances were used in the trial. The saplings were exposed to experimental drought and then re-watered in two subsequent years. Spring and autumn leaf phenology were scored. The trial was impacted by a late spring frost in the third year, and the resulting leaf frost injury was scored. The effects of drought treatment on the phenology and frost susceptibility of plants from the provenances were analysed. Results: Leaf phenology of plants from most of the studied provenances was significantly influenced by the drought treatment (p < 0.001). Drought induced a carry-over effect on flushing phenology, which was observed as delayed bud burst (from 0.6 to 2.4 days) in the second year and as advanced bud burst (from 0.1 to 6.3 days) in the third year. Therefore, opposite shifts in flushing phenology may be induced as a result of differences in the time span when plants sense water deficits. In contrast to flushing, autumn leaf phenology was unambiguously delayed following the drought treatments for all studied provenances (from 2.1 to 25.8 days). Differences in late frost susceptibility were predominantly caused by among-provenance differences in flushing phenology. However, the drought treatment significantly increased frost susceptibility in the plants (the rate of frost-injured plants per provenance increased from 3% to 78%). This higher susceptibility to spring frost was most likely caused by the advanced flushing phenology that resulted from the drought treatment in the previous year.

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Contran, Nicla, et Elena Paoletti. « Visible Foliar Injury and Physiological Responses to Ozone in Italian Provenances ofFraxinus excelsiorandF. ornus ». Scientific World JOURNAL 7 (2007) : 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.10.

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We compared leaf visible injury and physiological responses (gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence) to high O3exposure (150 nmol mol–1h, 8 h day–1, 35–40 days) of two woody species of the same genus with different ecological features: the mesophilic green ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and the xerotolerant manna ash (F. ornus). We also studied how provenances from northern (Piedmont) and central (Tuscany) Italy, within the two species, responded to O3exposure. Onset and extent of visible foliar injury suggested thatF. excelsiorwas more O3sensitive thanF. ornus. The higher stomatal conductance inF. ornusthan inF. excelsiorsuggested a larger potential O3uptake, in disagreement to lower visible foliar injury. The higher carbon assimilation inF. ornussuggested a higher potential of O3detoxification and/or repair. Contrasting geographical variations of ash sensitivity to O3were recorded, as Piedmont provenances reduced gas exchange less than Tuscan provenances inF. excelsiorand more inF. ornus. Visible injury was earlier and more severe inF. excelsiorfrom Piedmont than from Tuscany, while the provenance did not affect visible injury onset and extent inF. ornus.

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Ćelepirović, Nevenka, Sanja Novak Agbaba, Mladen Ivanković, Heinz Rennenberg, Anamarija Jazbec, Marija Gradečki Poštenjak, Miran Lanšćak, Sanja Bogunović et Aikaterini Dounavi. « Health Condition of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) According to Provenances in International Provenance Trial ». South-east European forestry 12, n^o 2 (18 décembre 2021) : 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15177/seefor.21-14.

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The performance of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) is severely threatened by abiotic and biotic stresses, but the resilience of its provenances from distinct geographic areas has not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the performance of European beech was investigated in an international provenance trial consisting of twenty-one natural populations originating from Central Europe and Southeast Europe located on Medvednica Mountain (Croatia). The performance of European beech was investigated by characterizing I) damage types, II) crown damage intensity, III) damage frequency, and IV) clustering of provenances based on damage types. Anthracnose, galls, chewing damages, and aphids were recorded on leaves, and canker on the trunk and branches. The crown damage intensity was minute (less than 10%) for all types of disease. Anthracnose was the most common damage, followed in descending order by galls, canker, chewing damages and aphids. When the types of damage were analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency analysis and clustering), significant differences were recorded between provenances (χ2=322.19, p<0.0001). European beech provenances were classified into four clusters. Aphids and galls caused the least and the highest damage, respectively, in each cluster, except for Cluster 4, where anthracnose caused the highest damage. The results of this study showed generally good health condition of European beech provenances originating from Central and Southeast Europe in the period of the investigation.

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Gömöry, D., L. Paule et E. Gömöryová. « Effects of microsite variation on growth and adaptive traits in a beech provenance trial ». Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 5 (16 mai 2011) : 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/88/2010-jfs.

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ABSTRACT: The effects of the within-trial spatial variation of environmental factors on phenotypic traits were studied in the Slovak plot of the international beech provenance trial coordinated by BFH Grosshansdorf with 32 provenances, established under a randomized complete block design with three adjacent blocks. Five indicators of soil properties (soil moisture, bulk density and pH) and microclimate (average daily temperature and temperature amplitude) were assessed at 96 points distributed over a 10 × 10 m grid and their values for the positions of individual trees were estimated by ordinary point kriging. The evaluation of phenotypic variation (height, diameter, Julian days of spring flushing and autumn leaf discoloration, vegetation period length, late frost damage) using a common two-way analysis of variance showed a significant provenance × block interaction effect indicating the heterogeneity of blocks. Analysis of covariance using single-tree kriging estimates of environmental variables as covariates showed that in addition to provenance, all phenotypic traits were significantly affected by microsite, especially by temperature fluctuation. Employing methods incorporating the spatial component in the evaluation of tree breeding field experiments is advocated.

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Leather, S. R., M. D. E. Fellowes, G. R. F. Hayman et J. S. Maxen. « The influence of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) provenance on the development and survival of larvae of the pine beauty moth Panolis flammea (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) ». Bulletin of Entomological Research 87, n^o 1 (février 1997) : 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300036385.

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AbstractLarvae of the pine beauty moth Panolis flammae (Denis & Schiffermüller) were reared in sleeve cages on five different seed origins (provenances) of pole stage Pinus contorta in the field in each of four years from 1985 to 1988. Survival varied significantly between the years. In those years when survival was high, Significant differences between tree provenance were not found. However, between provenance significant differences were found in larval weight and stage of development. In the years when survival was low, the results seen in good years were reversed. significant differences attributable to provenance were found but these were not reflected in significant differences between larval weight or development. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the proportion surviving and larval weight, which was not the case in those years where larval survival was high. The results are discussed in light of the pest status of P. flammea in Britain and in view of current silvicultural policies. The use of trees resistant to insect attack as part of an integrated pest management programme is highlighted and the need to coordinate laboratory and field studies so as to control for environmental variation discussed.

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Savva, Y., Y. Bergeron, B. Denneler, A. Koubaa et F. Tremblay. « Effect of interannual climate variations on radial growth of jack pine provenances in Petawawa, Ontario ». Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, n^o 3 (mars 2008) : 619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-178.

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Effect of interannual climate variations on radial growth was compared among jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) of diverse geographical origins in a 41-year-old common-garden experiment in Petawawa, Ontario. Provenance experiments established from seeds transferred from different parts of a species range (from the northern United States to northern Canada) to the same environment might be considered as a simulation model of climate change and a shift of climate zones. The following questions are addressed: Did the response of growth to interannual climate variations differ among the provenances transferred within the experimental site? What climatic factors affect interannual growth variations of jack pine provenances? Tree-ring chronologies for 16 populations were developed for the period 1970–2004. The best climate predictors of radial growth were precipitation of June and March of the current year and precipitation of December of the previous year. Although, climatic factors affecting growth were similar between the provenances, absolute radial growth was proportional to the growth potential of the provenances. We conclude that variability due to seeds origins is not a significant source of variation for dendroclimatic studies of jack pine. Increased frequency of summer droughts might result in a growth decrease of jack pine.

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Iroko, O. A., A. O. Bobadoye et B. O. Bobadoye. « Growth performance of Khaya senegalensis seedlings influenced by provenances and latitudinal gradients in the nursery ». Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 17, n^o 1 (19 avril 2021) : 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v17i1.5.

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Seedling growth performance is germane and pertinent in plant variables when analyzing tree provenance trials as it indicates its adaptability of the seed to the environments/habitat. The study was undertaken to examine the comparative studies on seedling performance of Khaya senegalensis at nursery stage in Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria. Seeds from four sources in different States in Nigeria: Oyo, Borno, Jigawa and Kano States were collected and planted to observe their morphological attributes. Seedlings variables (Plant height, collar diameter and number of leaves) were observed and recorded fortnightly for sixteen (16) weeks after germination was completed. It was observed that seeds from Oyo state performed best while seeds from Kano state had the least performance. Provenances variation indicate genetic and environmental differences that can be utilized for afforestation programmes and thus, this study recommends the seeds from Oyo state for large scale afforestation since it performed best. Keywords: Khaya senegalensis, seed provenance, seedling height, collar diameter and number of leaves.

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