Thèses : « Provenance analysi »

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LIANG, WENDONG. « Petrology and multimineral fingerprinting of modern sand derived from the Himalayan orogen ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/271022.

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L’oggetto di questa tesi è stato lo studio della mineralogia dei sedimenti fluviali ed eolici attuali generati dall’erosione della catena Himalayana, con lo scopo di definire con precisione le segnature composizionali dei diversi domini tettono-stratigrafici dell’orogene. All’approccio basato sulla identificazione e quantificazione delle associazioni di minerali pesanti (densità > 2.90 g/cm3), sono stati affiancate diverse tecniche analitiche complementari, che comprendono la petrografia e la geochimica del sedimento totale, lo studio di dettaglio al microscopio elettronico a scansione e allo spettroscopio Raman delle caratteristiche minerochimiche dei quattro principali gruppi di minerali pesanti che caratterizzano i sedimenti himalayani e orogenici in generale (anfiboli, epidoti, granati, e pirosseni), l’ analisi dei rapporti isotopici di samario e neodimio scolta in collaborazione con Peter Clift presso l’ Istituto Oceanigrafico Woods Hole, oltre all’ analisi geocronologica su zirconi detritici svolta in collaborazione con Pieter Vermeesch presso l’Università di Londra (UCL) affiancata anche da dati analoghi su rutilo, monazite, e titanite ottenuti con la collaborazione di Xiumian Hu e Ronghua Guo presso l’ Università di Nanjing. Le principali aree di studio hanno compreso il Deserto di Thal nel Pakistan centro-settentrionale e gli affluenti del Fiume Indo nel suo corso di montagna dal Ladakh fino al Punjab e gli affluenti principali del Fiume Yarlung (il nome tibetano del Brahmaputra) in Tibet meridionale. Sono stati studiati anche campioni di arenarie Cenozoiche provenienti sia dalle Alpi Occidentali che dal Tibet meridionale. I risultati presentati in questa tesi sono stati pubblicati a primo nome in un volume speciale della rivista internazionale Minerals, sono stati sottomessi nel mese di Settembre e sempre a primo nome a Sedimentary Geology, o sono in preparazione per una prossima sottomissione ad altra prestigiosa rivista internazionale.
Sediments and sedimentary rocks can be considered as geological archives that faithfully reflect their provenance information if the bias introduced by physical and chemical processes during transport and deposition can be properly recognized and corrected for. The sediment provenance analysis both in modern and ancient settings is crucial to trace the sediment sources, reconstruct paleoclimate and paleoenvironment, and interpret the evolution of the Earth’s surface. Modern sediments, unaffected by diagenesis and eroded, tansported and deposited under climatic conditions that are fully known, can provide valuable information on the interactions among the different controlling factors that govern source-to-sink systems. Rivers draining the Himalayan orogen provide the good opportunity to trace the source fingerprinting that is documented in modern fluvial and eolian sand and how these signatures reflect the erosion patterns of the modern and paleo-river systems. A multidisciplinary approach based on petrography, minerology, geochemistry and geochronology is emphasized in this research, in order to obtain a comprehensive provenance information. Our research area focused on the modern sands from two river system: Yarlung River and Indus River. In the Yarlung River system, the Nian River was chosen to investigate the petrographic, mineralogical and chronological signature of sediments from Tethys Himalaya, Greater Himalaya, Kangmar gneiss dome and Transhimalayan ophiolitic suture. Different tectonic domains are characterized by distinct heavy mineral assemblages, e.g., the first-cycle sillimanite and garnet in Greater Himalaya, and clinopyroxene, olivine and enstatite in the forearc ophiolites. Sand carried by the Nian River and its major tributaries, mainly reflects Tethys Himalayan characteristics, consistent with the geochronological results. Erosion rates were also evaluated and circumscribed in the middle Yarlung River catchment. The average erosion rate in the Nianchu catchment is estimated at 0.07-0.10 mm/a, twice as that in the middle Yarlung and Lhasa River catchments, which is principally ascribed to the high erodibility of Tethys Himalayan strata. In the Indus River system, minerochemical analysis of amphibole, garnet, epidote and pyroxene grains, and geochronological analysis of detrital zircons, associated with analysis on petrography, bulk-sediment geochemistry and isotopic geochemistry, in aolian sand from Thal Desert and fluvial sand in selected tributaries draining one specific tectonic domain in the upper Indus catchment, were carried out to discriminate compositional signatures, decipher the provenance information, and trace the erosional evolution of the western Himalaya syntaxis. The compositional fingerprints of Thal Desert sand are characterized by litho-feldspatho-quartzose to quartzo-feldspatho-lithic detrital modes and very rich amphibole-dominated heavy-mineral assemblages. The high heavy mineral concentration, less negative εNd, abundant zircon ages at 40-100 Ma, and specific mineral varietal fingerprints, consistently reflect that the Kohistan arc has acted as the main sediment source. Karakorum appears to contribute less while Himalaya shows higher influence on the Thal Desert sands than modern river sands from the Indus. As a Quaternary repository of wind-reworked Indus River sand at the entry point in the Himalayan foreland basin, Thal Desert sands document higher erosion rates than today in the glaciated areas formed largely by batholites granitoids of the Asian active margin. The close compositional and chronological connection between the Thal Desert and the ancient Indus Delta and Fan deposits, shed new light on the reconstructing of paleodrainage and the understanding of relationship between climatic and tectonic forcing that controlled the erosional evolution of the western Himalayan-Karakorum orogen.

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Carata, Lucian. « Provenance-based computing ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287562.

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Relying on computing systems that become increasingly complex is difficult: with many factors potentially affecting the result of a computation or its properties, understanding where problems appear and fixing them is a challenging proposition. Typically, the process of finding solutions is driven by trial and error or by experience-based insights. In this dissertation, I examine the idea of using provenance metadata (the set of elements that have contributed to the existence of a piece of data, together with their relationships) instead. I show that considering provenance a primitive of computation enables the exploration of system behaviour, targeting both retrospective analysis (root cause analysis, performance tuning) and hypothetical scenarios (what-if questions). In this context, provenance can be used as part of feedback loops, with a double purpose: building software that is able to adapt for meeting certain quality and performance targets (semi-automated tuning) and enabling human operators to exert high-level runtime control with limited previous knowledge of a system's internal architecture. My contributions towards this goal are threefold: providing low-level mechanisms for meaningful provenance collection considering OS-level resource multiplexing, proving that such provenance data can be used in inferences about application behaviour and generalising this to a set of primitives necessary for fine-grained provenance disclosure in a wider context. To derive such primitives in a bottom-up manner, I first present Resourceful, a framework that enables capturing OS-level measurements in the context of application activities. It is the contextualisation that allows tying the measurements to provenance in a meaningful way, and I look at a number of use-cases in understanding application performance. This also provides a good setup for evaluating the impact and overheads of fine-grained provenance collection. I then show that the collected data enables new ways of understanding performance variation by attributing it to specific components within a system. The resulting set of tools, Soroban, gives developers and operation engineers a principled way of examining the impact of various configuration, OS and virtualization parameters on application behaviour. Finally, I consider how this supports the idea that provenance should be disclosed at application level and discuss why such disclosure is necessary for enabling the use of collected metadata efficiently and at a granularity which is meaningful in relation to application semantics.

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Zhao, David Wei. « Provenance, Incremental Evaluation, and Debugging in Datalog ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29493.

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The Datalog programming language has recently found increasing traction in research and industry. Driven by its clean declarative semantics, along with its conciseness and ease of use, Datalog has been adopted for a wide range of important applications, such as program analysis, graph problems, and networking. To enable this adoption, modern Datalog engines have implemented advanced language features and high-performance evaluation of Datalog programs. Unfortunately, critical infrastructure and tooling to support Datalog users and developers are still missing. For example, there are only limited tools addressing the crucial debugging problem, where developers can spend up to 30% of their time finding and fixing bugs. This thesis addresses Datalog’s tooling gaps, with the ultimate goal of improving the productivity of Datalog programmers. The first contribution is centered around the critical problem of debugging: we develop a new debugging approach that explains the execution steps taken to produce a faulty output. Crucially, our debugging method can be applied for large-scale applications without substantially sacrificing performance. The second contribution addresses the problem of incremental evaluation, which is necessary when program inputs change slightly, and results need to be recomputed. Incremental evaluation allows this recomputation to happen more efficiently, without discarding the previous results and recomputing from scratch. Finally, the last contribution provides a new incremental debugging approach that identifies the root causes of faulty outputs that occur after an incremental evaluation. Incremental debugging focuses on the relationship between input and output and can provide debugging suggestions to amend the inputs so that faults no longer occur. These techniques, in combination, form a corpus of critical infrastructure and tooling developments for Datalog, allowing developers and users to use Datalog more productively.

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Müller, Tobias [Verfasser], et Torsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Grust. « Detached Provenance Analysis / Tobias Müller ; Betreuer : Torsten Grust ». Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1207831212/34.

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Chandler, Kathryn Suzanne. « Exploring the principle of provenance with social network analysis ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57849.

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Traditionally, an archival fonds is conceptualized as an aggregate of records which are mutually relevant. This mutual relevance is often attributed to the origin of member records in a common context – with this context typically understood as the context of an organization, and more specifically, a department. It is considered difficult to identify mutually relevant records in modern organizations. This difficulty is often attributed to frequent administrative changes which disrupt departmental contexts. This thesis tests a technique that aims to use the information within the records to identify a context common to a set of records. It involves extracting the name of the creator and the name of the modifier from each record, then subjecting this information to a community detection algorithm. It was hypothesized that groups of individuals who frequently modify one another’s records constitute a common context. After applying various community detection algorithms to the records of an organization, the resulting groups of records were presented to the staff of the organization for feedback. Staff clearly indicated that groups of records produced by the community detection algorithms were not mutually relevant. These results can be explained with reference to the works of Jenny Bunn, who argued that an autonomous community only comes into existence when constituent members engage in both “being” and “doing.” During the interviews with staff, it was clear that some algorithms produced groups of people characterized by established relationships (“being”) while others produced groups in pursuit of a joint activity (“doing”). The absence of overlap suggests there were no autonomous subcommunities in this study, and therefore, no common context by which records can be bound. Mutually relevant records can also be formed by employees in their attempts to keep records orderly. To explore this further, it was argued that constructing a folder structure is akin to constructing a narrative, with the narrative components taking the form of records. When numerous employees attempt to organize the same records using different narratives, the aggregate may seem disorderly. This thesis suggests that disentangling these narratives is a method by which order may be restored.
Arts, Faculty of
Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS), School of
Graduate

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Kipler-Koch, Debra Ann. « Provenance determination of Bronze Age pottery using neutron activation analysis / ». Online version of thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11432.

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Muskara, Uftade. « Provenance Studies On Limestone Archaeological Artifacts Using Trace Element Analysis ». Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608429/index.pdf.

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Trace element composition of archaeological artifacts is commonly used for provenance studies. Limestone has generally studied by geologists and there are a few researches done by various archaeological sciences. Although it is a common material for buildings and sculpture it is been thought that limestone used had not imported like marbles. Limestone figurines from Datç
a/Emecik excavations are classified as Cypriote type, which was very popular through 6th century B.C. in the Mediterranean region. Since this type of figurines was found at Emecik numerously to determine its provenance was an important problem. Emecik figurines were examined for their some major, trace elements and REE compositions and results were compared with geological samples which were taken from a near by quarry. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) have been used for analysis. The methods have been optimized by using standard reference material NIST 1d, NCS DC 73306, and IGS40.

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Stos-Gale, Zofia. « Application of lead isotope analysis to provenance studies in archaeology ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:38e670cf-f1fa-4c6d-8c5e-e2d7ca4fdbfa.

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Advances in mass spectrometry in the second half of this century allowed very accurate measurements of isotopic compositions of various elements. In turn it was discovered that due to the radiogenic origin of some of these isotopes their composition often reflects the geochemical history of minerals and rocks. Terrestrial lead is composed of four isotopes, of which three are radiogenic in origin as daughters of uranium and thorium. In geochronology the isotopic composition of minerals helps in dating the ore and rock formations. However, if there is enough diversity amongst the isotopic compositions of different deposits, then their lead isotope composition can be used as a simple and unique 'fingerprint', which can be scientifically measured. This feature can be used as a powerful tool in the identification of sources of ancient metals, because it passes unchanged through the smelting and refining processes. However, one of the most important requirements for such 'lead isotope provenance studies' is empirical investigation of the 'fingerprints' of ore deposits which are relevant to a given archaeological research. In this dissertation the scientific foundations of lead isotope provenance studies are described and examined in detail. All available evidence concerning the possibility of distinguishing isotopically between different European ore deposits is examined and methods of visual and numerical evaluation of the lead isotope data are suggested. Two examples of applications to specific archaeological problems are also given: the identification of sources of metals used for production of Bronze Age Cretan weapons and of non-ferrous metals in the Roman Period in Southern Poland. The interpretation of lead isotope data for archaeological objects is based on nearly 1500 isotopic analyses of ores.

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Zerva, Paraskevi. « A specification and analysis framework for provenance awareness of service compositions ». Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-specification-and-analysis-framework-for-provenance-awareness-of-service-compositions(112dcfea-aae4-4061-aa01-48a2669e7c30).html.

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The Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) paradigm, realizing a software design philosophy and architecture - the service-oriented architecture (SOA) - provides the means to develop service-oriented systems by exploiting and composing loosely coupled services. As service-oriented systems become increasingly large-scale and infrastructure-heterogeneous, their execution leads to excessive data production stressing the need for service providers to exhibit accountability about the systems' qualities and actions. Accountability requires that systems faithfully document their execution, being able to answer questions about how the data was produced and processed, referred to as data provenance. Provenance awareness is the functionality providing access to provenance by allowing users to query data about past processes and answer provenance questions. The SOC paradigm promotes composability. For a composite service, the independent audits of atomic services do not simply compose to a connected queryable picture of the provenance across the end-to-end pathways of a composition's execution. Taking into account the inherent complexity of service discovery, selection and dynamic composition aspects of SOC, we realize that we need to carefully design for provenance awareness support by modeling explicitly the provenance data structures and infrastructure independently of specific applications. This thesis proposes a set of formal models, analysis methods, and tools to address this need. We contribute a formal specification and analysis framework for provenance-awareness of service compositions introducing: a faceted classification of provenance questions to formally express provenance requirements acting as analytical metrics for provenance-awareness, a provenance data model capturing the provenance structures of service compositions, a template provenance infrastructure metamodel allowing one to design the provenance infrastructure of atomic and composite services, and a modeling and analysis environment that verifies through simulation and analysis whether the provenance infrastructure system design satisfies a set of provenance requirements. As a proof of concept, we provide a prototype tool implementation of our framework.

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Savage, Jeni Ellen. « Provenance Analysis of the Sperm Bluff Formation, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1497.

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Beacon Supergroup rocks of probable Devonian age, containing conglomerate clasts of lithologies unknown in outcrop in southern Victoria Land (SVL) occur in the St Johns Range to Bull Pass Region, SVL, Antarctica. The Lower Taylor Group sedimentary rocks, herein called the Sperm Bluff Formation, unconformably rest on the regionally extensive Kukri Erosion Surface that truncates local basement. The basement complex includes three Plutonic Suites, Dry Valley (DV) 1a, DVIb and DV2 of the Granite Harbour Intrusives that intrude metasedimentary rocks of the Koettlitz Group. Allibone et al. (1993b) suggested a SVL terrane accretion event may have occurred about the same time as accretion of a terrane known as the Bowers terrane in northern Victoria Land (NVL) based on changing chemistry of the CambroOrdovician granitoids. Further, it is suggested that conglomerate clasts of the Sperm Bluff Formation may have been derived from this postulated terrane (Allibone et al., 1993b; and Turnbull et al., 1994). Following extensive fieldwork provenance studies and basin analysis of the sedimentary Sperm Bluff Formation are used here to test these ideas. The Sperm Bluff Conglomerate of Turnbull et al. (1994) is re-interpreted as the Sperm Bluff Formation and described using a lithofacies-based approach. The Sperm Bluff Formation is divided into six lithofacies including 1) Conglomerate Lithofacies; 2) Pebbly Sandstone Lithofacies; 3) Crossbedded Sandstone Lithofacies; 4) Parallelbedded Lithofacies; 5) Low-angle Crossbedded Lithofacies; and 6) Interbedded Siltstone/Sandstone Lithofacies. The intimate field association of the Conglomerate, Pebbly Sandstone and Crossbedded Sandstone Lithofacies ties them to the Conglomerate Lithofacies Association whereas the other three units are independent. The Conglomerate Lithofacies Association is interpreted to represent a wavedominated deltaic environment, based on the presence of broad channels, pervasive crossbedding, paleocurrent and trace fossil data. Both Parallel-bedded and Low-angle Crossbedded Sandstone Lithofacies are interpreted as a foreshore-shore face shallow marine setting on the basis of low-angle crossbeds and trace fossil assemblages. The Interbedded Siltstone and Sandstone Lithofacies is interpreted as an estuarine environment based on alternating siltstone/sandstone beds and the presence of flaser and lenticular bedding, small crossbedded dune sets, mud drapes, syneresis cracks and diverse paleocurrent directions. An estuarine setting is tentatively favoured over a lagoonal setting due to the presence of syneresis cracks small channels and the proximity to a river delta. I suggest that the Sperm Bluff Formation is likely a lateral correlative of the Altar Mt Formation of the Middle Taylor Group, in particular the Odin Arkose Member. This interpretation is based on arkosic nature of the sedimentary rocks, regional paleocurrent patterns, the presence of salmon pink grits at Gargoyle Turrets and trace fossil assemblages. The upper most lithofacies at Mt Suess, the Low-angle Crossbedded Sandstone Lithofacies that only occurs at this site is- suggested as a lateral correlative to the Arena Sandstone, which stratigraphically overlies the Altar Mt Formation, based on quartzose composition, clay matrix, stratigraphic position and trace fossils present. Provenance analysis was carried out on sedimentary rocks and conglomerate clasts using clasts counts of conglomerates, petrographic analysis of clasts, point counts of sandstones and clasts, geochemistry and V-Pb detrital zircon analysis. Conglomerate clasts lithologies include dominantly silicic igneous clasts and finely crystalline quartzite clast amongst other subordinate lithologies such as vein quartz, schist, schorl rock, gneiss and sandstone. Despite past identification of granitoid clasts in the Sperm Bluff Formation (Turnbull et al., 1994), none were found. Rhyolitic clasts of the Sperm Bluff Formation have compositions typical of highly evolved subduction related rocks, although they have undergone post-emplacement silicification. Wysoczanski et al. (2003) date rhyolite and tuff clasts between 497±17 Ma and 492±8 Ma, placing them within error of all three Dry Valley Magmatic Suites and removing the likelihood of correlation to NVL volcanic rocks. Petrographic analysis suggests they are components of a silicic magmatic complex. Chemically the volcanic clasts appear to represent a single magmatic suite (Sperm Bluff Clast Suite), and are clearly related to the Dry Valley Plutonic Suites. Although clasts are not constrained beyond doubt to one Suite, DV2 is the best match. Quartzite clasts of the Sperm Bluff Formation are too pure and old to be derived from a local source. Detrital zircon V-Pb ages for the quartzite suggest zircons were derived from the East Antarctic Craton, and that the quartzite source rocks were deposited prior to the Ross-Delamarian Orogeny. Quartzite with a similar age signature has not been identified; however, the Junction Formation sandstone of northwest Nelson has a similar age spectrum. Sandstones from the Sperm Bluff Formation indicate derivation from a felsic continental block provenance, which contain elements of volcanic, hyperbyssal and plutonic rocks. They are arkosic to quartzose in composition and conspicuously lack plagioclase. Detrital zircon analyses give a strong 500 Ma peak in all 3 samples, characteristic of a Ross-Delamarian Orogen source, with few other peaks. The dominance of a single peak is highly suggestive oflocal derivation. The sedimentary rocks of the Sperm Bluff Formation are interpreted to be derived predominantly from the basement rocks they now overlie. The presence of the regionally extensive Kukri Erosion Surface at the lower contact of the Beacon Supergroup rocks implies an intermediate source must have existed. This most likely contained all components of the formation. I suggest that the DV2 Suite was emplaced in a subsiding, extensional intra-arc setting. Erosion of the uplifted arc region probably occurred from Late Ordovician to Silurian times with deposition of sediments in a subsiding intra-arc basin. Erosion of the rhyolitic complex in this region probably occurred, however, it is likely that some was preserved. Inversion of this basin prior to the Devonian probably provided the means for these sediments to be deposited as the Sperm Bluff Fonnation.

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Storozhylova, Yuliia. « Provenance and archaeometric analysis of late Roman glass from the Palatine Hill ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/30306.

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ABSTRACT: The aim of this thesis was to perform an archaeometric study of the collection of glass fragments, found during excavation of layers dated 6th-7th century AD of a room XII, 1 of the Horrea Vespasians, a complex of warehouses during the Imperial period on the Palatine Hill. These glass fragments were excavated only in 2017 and this is the first study that involves them. A non-destructive approach to study elemental composition of the fragments was chosen. A characterization of the glass fragments was performed by XRF and LA-ICP-MS. In this study, an attempt to reconstruct the production process with possible raw materials and colorants used was made. The results obtained in this study will contribute to the literature on Roman glass production,

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Ramesh, Priya. « INSIGHT : SEMANTIC PROVENANCE AND ANALYSIS PLATFORM FOR MULTI-CENTER NEUROLOGY HEALTHCARE RESEARCH ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1449067807.

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Turner, Roxie Jessica. « Provenance and Depositional History of Late Pleistocene New Jersey Shelf Sediments ». Digital Archive @ GSU, 2005. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/2.

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Pleistocene New Jersey shelf sedimentology is strongly influenced by glacially driven sea level changes. A combination of regressive shoreline processes, subaerial exposure, fluvial downcutting, and deposition and reworking during transgression has influenced the NJ shelf sediment composition. Sediment provenance and transport history may be determined on a shelf environment through analysis of grain size distribution, heavy mineral content, magnetic mineral concentrations, and isotopic dating methods. A combination of surface grab and stratigraphic samples were analyzed within the study area. Relatively high percentages of heavy minerals were found in the 2 phi and 3 phi size fractions and hornblende grains provided K-Ar age values indicating two groups of sediment sources. The first source is Grenville with apparent ages above 900 Ma deposited during marine OIS 1. The second source is a mixed assemblage of Grenvillian and Paleozoic sources deposited during marine OIS 3, with apparent ages of approximately 850 ± 20 Ma.

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Johnson, Phillip Ray II. « Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) characterization of pre-contact basalt quarries on the American Samoan Island of Tutuila ». Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4932.

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This thesis presents a material-centered characterization of 120 geologic samples from four fine-grained basalt quarries on the Samoan Island of Tutuila. Previous unsuccessful attempts at definitive Tutuilan quarry differentiation have utilized x-ray fluorescence (XRF). In this study, clear differentiation of each analyzed quarry was achieved using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Biplots of canonical discriminant function scores for the INAA data illustrate clear separation based on the variation in chemical composition between each quarry. The samples analyzed not only define quarry separation, but also provide the "core group" for a preliminary baseline necessary for future artifact-centered provenance studies. Inclusion of these "core group" samples in the baseline was confirmed by stepwise discriminant analysis. These findings suggest the ability to determine quarry of origin on the island of Tutuila, which can elucidate the importance of individual Tutuilan quarries in the export and exchange of fine-grained basalts.

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RESENTINI, ALBERTO. « Quantitative provenance analysis of modern sands : bulk petrography, heavy minerals apatite fission tracks ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19000.

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Sediment petrography and heavy mineral analysis represent two key techniques to decipher the pieces of information stored in the sedimentary record, shedding light on source rocks compositon, weathering conditions and paleodrainages. Traditionally, even though orogenic detritus has always received large attention, orogenic provenance has been recognized as “composite”, thus preventing clear classification. Notwithstanding the composite nature of collision orogens, the detrital fingerprints of neometamorphic axial belts, largely experiencing strong exhumation and erosion, can be regarded as the diagnostic signature of orogenic detritus. We thus decided to focus our attention on the analysis of modern river sands from the Alpine belt, getting full quantitative information both on bulk compositions and heavy mineral assemblages. Within the Austroalpine Cretaceous and Penninic Eocene axial belts of the Alps, we ideally distinguish three structural levels, each characterized by diagnostic detrital fingerprints. The shallow level chiefly consists of offscraped remnant-ocean turbidites and unmetamorphosed continental-margin sediments, and mostly produces lithic to quartzolithic sedimentaclastic sands yielding very-poor heavy-mineral suites including ultrastable minerals. The intermediate level includes low-grade metasediments and polymetamorphic basements, and sheds quartzolithic to feldspatholithoquartzose metamorphiclastic sands yielding moderately-rich epidote-amphibole suites with chloritoid or garnet. The deep level contains eclogitic remnants of continent-ocean transitions, and supplies feldspatholithoquartzose/feldspathoquartzose high-rank metamorphiclastic to lithic ultramaficlastic sands yielding rich to extremely-rich suites dominated by garnet, hornblende, or epidote depending on protoliths (continental vs. oceanic) and pressure/temperature paths during exhumation. Although widely overprinted under greenschist-facies or amphibolite-facies conditions, occurrence of ultradense eclogite in source areas is readily revealed by the Heavy Mineral Concentration (HMC) index, which mirrors the average density of source rocks in the absence of hydraulic-sorting effects. Rather than the pressure peak reached at depth, the Metamorphic Index (MI) and Hornblende Colour Index (HCI) reflect peak temperatures reached at later stages, when subduction is throttled by arrival of thicker continental crust and geothermal gradients increase, as documented in detritus derived from the Tauern window and Lepontine dome. Experience gained from modern sediments, and appropriate statistical techniques provides fundamental help to decrypt the information stored in the sedimentary record, and thus to identify and reconstruct subduction events of the past. Besides the fundamental contribution that modern sediment analysis can bring in understanding ancient sandstone successions, it can also give insights on short-term erosion distribution over wide areas and readily detect potential area of focused erosion. We tested a new quantitative approach based on the integration of compositional data and detrital apatite fission-tracks in two valleys of the western Alps (Arc and Dora Baltea basins). Samples for bulk-petrography and fission-track analysis were collected at different closure sections along the trunk, in order to investigate how the detrital signal evolves when detritus from different sub-basins is progressively added to the system. Fission-track analysis is a powerful integration tool to quantify sediments mixing if source areas experienced contrasting exhumation paths. Fission-track grain-age distributions provide not only information on long-term exhumation patterns, based on the age of the peaks, but also provide first-order constraints on short-term erosion rates by comparison between the size of the peaks and the size of potential source areas. In the Dora Baltea catchment, the apatite load derives from two major fault-bounded blocks, the Western one yielding 43% of the total amount of apatite, and the Eastern one yielding the remaining 57%. In the Arc catchment, contribution is 29% from the Eastern Block, 14% from the Houiller-Subbriançonnais units and 57% from the Belledonne-Dauphinois units. We assessed apatite fertility in source-rocks by measuring apatite content in processed sediments, after checking for anomalous hydraulic concentrations by geochemical analyses. The lack of compositional anomalies for elements between Y and Cr, largely hosted in ultradense minerals, grants that source-rocks distribution in the basin is faithfully reflected by detrital assemblages. Results demonstrate that erosional processes were focused in different areas of the Western Alps at long-term and short-term timescales, and are now concentrated in the External Massifs. No clear relationship between erosion and climate or relief is observed in this sector of the belt, where endogenic forces may represent the main controlling factor on both long-term and short-term erosion rates.

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Céntola, Francisco. « Provenance and technological analysis of selected cuneiform tablets from the late second millennium BC ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20585.

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The aim of the present study is to examine a group of clay tablets by thin-section petrography and thermogravimetric analysis in order to assess specific problems related to their provenance and manufacture technology. Two sets of documents dating to the fourteenth-thirteenth centuries BC will be considered separately throughout the thesis, with different research questions in mind for each case study. The petrographic data will be compared when possible with the chemical composition of the tablets, determined by pXRF and/or INAA in previous studies. On the whole, this dissertation is an attempt to combine textual, archaeological, petrographic, chemical and thermogravimetric information in order to get a better understanding of the materiality and the historical implications of the objects under examination; Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo é examinar um grupo de tabuletas de argila por petrografia e análise termogravimétrica, a fim de avaliar problemas específicos relacionados com a sua proveniência e tecnologia de fabricação. Dois conjuntos de documentos que datam dos séculos XIV-XIII a.C. serão considerados separadamente ao longo da tese, com diferentes questões de pesquisa em mente para cada estudo de caso. Os dados petrográficos serão comparados quando possível com a composição química das tabuletas, determinada por pXRF e/ou INAA em estudos anteriores. No seu conjunto, esta dissertação é uma tentativa de combinar informação textual, arqueológica, petrográfica, química e termogravimétrica a fim de obter uma melhor compreensão da composição material e das implicações históricas dos objetos em análise.

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Sobczak, Katarzyna. « Investigating far-field tectonic events as drivers of provenance change in sedimentary basins ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132493/1/Katarzyna_Sobczak_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis greatly enhanced our understanding of the continental-scale links between sedimentary basins and far-field tectonic processes. A novel, multi-method approach was used to reveal a previously unknown, major mountain building event in southwest Queensland that fundamentally altered the history of the Drummond Basin in central Queensland. An unusually large river system was identified, which transported the gravel and sand across the basin from a distant source region. This thesis has provided new insights into the mid-Paleozoic geological history of the Australian continent, established new approaches to tracing the origin of sediment and resolving the complex histories of sedimentary basins.

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Engström, Johansson Alexandra. « Using Bulk XRF-Analysis of Chinese Loess to Determine High-Resolution Records of Dust Provenance ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317881.

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Understanding the sources of the dust that forms the extensive loess deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau is crucial for reconstructing atmospheric circulation patterns and dust pathways. Dust sources are however highly debated, mainly due to the low resolution of many records and the often ambiguous nature of geochemical proxies. The widely used concept of elemental ratios as provenance indicators is based on the idea that the relative abundance of immobile elements remains unaffected by chemical weathering, thereby preserving source signals. High-resolution spatial and temporal records of loess composition were determined for two study sites and three lithostratigraphic units using bulk X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, and independently dated using Optically Stimulated (OSL) and post-IR Infrared Stimulated (pIR-IRSL) Luminescence dating. Four elemental ratios were chosen based on element properties of mobility and grain size, linear correlation strength and the existence of lithostratigraphic trends: Ti/Al, Si/Al, K/Al and Fe/Ti. Potential source signals were detected at both sites, at glacial-interglacial transitions as well as within lithostratigraphic units. Source changes detected within lithostratigraphic units show millennial-scale variability, indicating that abrupt shifts in dust provenance are possible. This implies that millennial-scale variability of the East Asian Monsoon may be related to changes in atmospheric dust content.

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Taylor, R. J. « The Application of Neutron Activation Analysis and Multivariate Statistics to the Provenance of Roman Ceramics ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519503.

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Germinario, Luigi. « Archaeometry of trachyte of the Euganean Hills (NE Italy) : provenance quarry recognition and weathering analysis ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423235.

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The Euganean Hills (Veneto, NE Italy) are the most important quarry district in Italy for the extraction of trachyte, which has been carried out in tens of quarries all through the centuries, from Pre-Protohistory and, more intensely, from the Roman age onwards. Trachyte of the Euganean Hills has an age-old tradition of usage as carving and building stone, mainly in northern and central Italy, e.g., for manufacturing diverse everyday items and funerary and votive artifacts, as well as for building infrastructure, monuments, and in public and private construction. An archaeometric study of Euganean trachyte is here presented following two main research directions. The first involves the identification of criteria for recognizing provenance quarry of trachyte used in archaeological and historical materials, supported by a petrographic and geochemical database obtained from samples collected in the entire area of the Euganean Hills. The petrographic provenance tracers involve mineralogical composition and textural features of phenocrysts and groundmass, whereas the geochemical tracers comprise major- and trace-element composition of bulk rock and phenocrysts, in particular of mafic minerals. Trachyte provenance can be most precisely determined by applying multivariate relations based on phenocryst chemistry, which can be analyzed even on small, altered archaeological samples. The provenance markers were tested in a provenance study of Euganean trachyte used in Roman public infrastructure in Veneto, including roads, bridges and forum squares. The results provide insights into the commercial, political and economic dimension of the management of trachyte quarries and development of extraction activities in the Roman times, as well as into ancient trades in northern Italy and the main routes of stone circulation. The second research topic addresses the investigation of weathering and durability of Euganean trachyte used as building stone. Weathering crusts and patinas were detected on trachyte in urban environment, and their mineralogical and microstructural characteristics, major- and trace-element chemical composition were analyzed. The alteration products, mainly involving surface enrichment in carbonates, heavy metals, and carbon, represent an informative indicator of environmental conditions, in particular air quality, and chemical stability of the rock-forming minerals of trachyte and neighboring jointing mortars. Trachyte durability was also examined by a petrophysical and mechanical characterization of quarry samples, providing elements for aiding quality assessment by conservators-restorers and building companies. Particular emphasis is placed on the properties related to absorption, transport, and retention of water and aqueous solutions, in liquid and vapor state. Depending on porosimetric characteristics, i.e., pore volume, size, size distribution, shape, and degree of interconnection, different trachyte varieties exhibit a relatively wide array of technical performances, diversely affecting their decay behavior.
I Colli Euganei (Veneto) rappresentano il più importante distretto di cava in Italia per l’estrazione di rocce trachitiche, attività storicamente condotta in decine di cave e iniziata già in epoca pre-protostorica, poi intensificatasi a partire dall’età romana. L’importanza della trachite dei Colli Euganei nel patrimonio culturale, soprattutto del nord e centro Italia, si collega ad una tradizione millenaria di impiego nella manifattura di utensili e manufatti votivi e funerari, nella costruzione di infrastrutture e monumenti e nell’edilizia pubblica e privata. In questa tesi, si presentano i risultati di uno studio archeometrico della trachite euganea incanalato in due linee di ricerca principali. La prima riguarda l’identificazione di criteri per riconoscere la cava di provenienza della trachite usata in materiali di interesse archeologico e storico, supportata da un database petrografico e geochimico costruito su campioni prelevati nell’intero territorio dei Colli Euganei. I traccianti petrografici di provenienza comprendono la composizione mineralogica e le caratteristiche tessiturali dei fenocristalli e della matrice, mentre i traccianti geochimici considerano la composizione degli elementi maggiori e in traccia della roccia totale e dei fenocristalli, in particolare dei minerali femici. La maggior precisione nella determinazione della provenienza si ottiene applicando relazioni multivariate basate sulla composizione chimica dei fenocristalli, che può essere analizzata anche su campioni archeologici, spesso di dimensioni limitate e alterati. L’efficacia di questi indicatori è stata poi verificata in uno studio di provenienza della trachite euganea impiegata in Veneto in infrastrutture pubbliche di età romana, quali strade basolate, ponti e piazze forensi. I risultati di tale studio restituiscono un’idea della dimensione commerciale, politica ed economica in cui si inseriva la gestione delle cave romane e l’evoluzione delle attività estrattive, oltre a fornire informazioni sui traffici commerciali antichi sviluppatisi nel nord Italia. La seconda tematica di ricerca è impostata sullo studio del degrado e della durevolezza della trachite euganea usata come pietra da costruzione. Inizialmente, si sono individuate croste e patine di alterazione della trachite in ambiente urbano e se ne sono analizzate le caratteristiche mineralogiche e strutturali e la composizione chimica degli elementi maggiori e in traccia. I prodotti di alterazione, che si rilevano spesso come arricchimenti superficiali in carbonati, metalli pesanti e carbonio, rappresentano degli interessanti indicatori del contesto ambientale, in particolare della qualità dell’aria, e della stabilità chimica delle fasi mineralogiche della trachite e delle malte di allettamento usate sulla pietra. Infine, la durevolezza della trachite è stata esaminata attraverso una caratterizzazione petrofisica e meccanica di campioni di cava, fornendo elementi utili alla valutazione della qualità da parte di restauratori, conservatori e compagnie edili. Particolare attenzione è stata riservata alla valutazione delle proprietà legate all’assorbimento, movimento e permanenza nella pietra dell’acqua e di soluzioni acquose, allo stato liquido e gassoso. I risultati sperimentali suggeriscono che la variabilità nella resa fisico-meccanica di diversi tipi di trachite dipende primariamente dalle peculiari caratteristiche porosimetriche (volume, dimensione, distribuzione dimensionale, morfologia e grado di interconnessione dei pori), che contribuiscono quindi a determinare diversi gradi di resistenza al degrado.

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May, Christopher David. « Development of novel analytical and interpretational protocols to facilitate the provenance establishment of glass and plastic evidence ». University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0169.

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[Truncated abstract] The analysis and subsequent interpretation of trace evidence is of paramount importance to the forensic scientist. While a variety of methods are available to facilitate comparison between recovered and control samples, the use of a specific analytical method depends upon both the physical and chemical nature of the material itself and the material to which it is to be compared. Elemental analysis of evidentiary material is one such method of sample comparison and has been extensively applied to this purpose following the introduction of neutron activation analysis in the early 1960s. However, over the last 15 years, another instrumental technique has taken centre stage in the analytical armoury of the forensic scientist: laser ablationinductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The modification and adaptation of this technique, to a point where it is possible to distinguish between glass materials produced only hours apart on the same production line, is detailed in this thesis. Additional protocols have also been developed for the analysis of fibreglass and plastic crime scene debris. Finally, a method for quantification of elemental concentrations in headlamp plastics has also been developed to facilitate inter-comparison of data between both different analytical techniques and different laboratories. Glass material is one of the most common varieties of trace evidence and the forensic examination of glass traditionally involves the determination of its refractive index (RI). ... The analytical protocol involves the analysis of 46 analytes on material comprising the exterior surface of the lens. Using this data, it was found that although minor variations in elemental composition exist within a single headlamp lens, discrimination between lenses produced from a single manufacturing plant over a short period of time could still be achieved. Discrimination between all headlamp lenses, with the exception of some lenses produced on the same day, could be facilitated using the analytical protocol developed. Furthermore, an interpretational protocol has been developed that has successfully classified all unknown headlamp lens samples investigated in this study, within the discrimination limits of the analytical method. The semi-quantitative analysis of glass and plastic samples has also been examined using LA-ICP-MS. The concentrations of 16 analytes in container and float glass samples were determined. However, the levels of discrimination afforded by the semi-quantitative data were inferior to those achieved using qualitative data. Finally, a series of plastic-based standards, containing 25 analytes of known concentrations, was produced. Using these standards, relative concentrations of the study analytes were determined in polycarbonate headlamp lenses. Interpretation of the data produced made it possible to discriminate between all study samples. Consequently, the total analytical and interpretational protocol developed in this study has established the foundation for LA-ICP-MS to be adopted internationally as a recognised method for the analysis of plastic crime scene debris.

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Zhang, Xiaojing. « Tectonic Evolution of Taimyr in the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic from Provenance and Thermochronological Evidence ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-119046.

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The Taimyr Peninsula is a key element in the circum-Arctic region and represents thenorthern margin of the Siberian Craton. The Taimyr Peninsula is a late Paleozoic fold andthrust belt and preserves late Paleozoic through Mesozoic siliciclastic sedimentarysuccessions and providing an ideal location to investigate the Paleozoic to Mesozoictectonic evolution associated with the Uralian orogeny, the Siberian Trap magmatism andopening of Amerasia Basin within a circum-Arctic framework. Multiple methods areadopted, including petrography, heavy mineral analysis and detrital zircon U-Pbgeochronology for provenance investigation, apatite fission track dating for revealingthermal history and balanced cross section for understanding the deformation style ofTaimyr.The results of this thesis indicate that the Late Carboniferous to Permian sediments ofsouthern Taimyr were deposited in a pro-foreland basin of the Uralian orogen during theUralian orogeny. In the Triassic, the siliciclastic deposits still show a strong Uraliansignature but the initiation of Siberian Trap-related input begins to be significant. Erosionof the Uralian orogen has reached a deep metamorphic level. By Late Jurassic andCretaceous time, the deposition setting of southern Taimyr is an intracratonic basin.Erosion and input from Uralian sources waned while greater input from SiberianTrap-related rocks of the Taimyr region dominated. The Taimyr Peninsula underwent atleast three cooling and uplifting episodes: 280 Ma, 250 Ma and 220 Ma, corresponding tothe Uralian orogeny, the Siberian Traps and the late Triassic transpression.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: In press. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.

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Banks, Christopher James. « Neoproterozoic basin analysis : a combined sedimentological and provenance study in the Grampian Group, Central Highlands, Scotland ». Thesis, Keele University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414754.

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Jones, Adam J. « Sediment Routing and Provenance of Shallow to Deep Marine Sandstones in the Late Paleozoic Oquirrh Basin, Utah ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1563525409357944.

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Fenn, Thomas. « APPLICATIONS OF HEAVY ISOTOPE RESEARCH TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PROVENANCE AND TRADE ON CASES FROM AFRICA AND THE NEW WORLD ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204329.

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Applications of lead and strontium isotope analysis were made on archaeological materials from three different contexts in both the Old and New Worlds. These materials comprised pre-Hispanic glaze painted ceramics from Arizona, U.S.A., glass beads from late first millennium AD Igbo-Ukwu, Nigeria, and copper-based metals from early first millennium AD Kissi, Burkina Faso. All materials contain lead at major, minor, or trace concentrations, and lead isotope analysis was employed to determine a provenance for that lead. Strontium isotope analysis also was applied to glass beads from Igbo-Ukwu to determine provenance(s) for strontium found in the glass. Furthermore, application of elemental composition analysis was or had been employed on all samples for additional data comparisons within assemblages and with comparable archaeological materials.Results of these analyses determined, in most cases, regional provenance with high degrees of confidence for lead contained in the analyzed samples. Strontium and elemental composition analysis data also proved valuable in confirming the regional provenance of the raw glass used to produce the glass beads. Leads in the glaze paints from Arizona, which demonstrated a range of resources exploitation, were confidently restricted to a few regions for their procurement. Likewise leads in most glass beads from Igbo-Ukwu were confidently restricted to two main source regions, with a third strong contender also being identified. The elemental composition and strontium isotope data determined with confidence the production regions for the primary raw glasses used to make the glass beads. Finally, leads in copper-based metals from Burkina Faso also were restricted to a few regions, although some inconclusiveness in provenance determination was attributed to mixing of metals from difference sources.These results confirm the utility of heavy isotope analysis of archaeological materials for provenance determination. The combination of these data with elemental composition analyses further confirm the interpretive strength of combining independent but related sets of analytical data for exploring questions of archaeological provenance. With improvements in instrument technology and application in the past two decades, very high precision and high accuracy analyses can be made which eliminate some earlier concerns of heavy isotope applications in archaeology.

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Fosdick, J. C., E. J. Reat, B. Carrapa, G. Ortiz et P. M. Alvarado. « Retroarc basin reorganization and aridification during Paleogene uplift of the southern central Andes ». AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623945.

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Tectonic development of the Andean Cordillera has profoundly changed the topography, climate, and vegetation patterns of the southern central Andes. The Cenozoic Bermejo Basin in Argentina (30 degrees S) provides a key record of thrust belt kinematics and paleoclimate south of the high-elevation Puna Plateau. Ongoing debate regarding the timing of initiation of upper plate shortening and Andean uplift persists, precluding a thorough understanding of the earlier tectonic and climatic controls on basin evolution. We present new sedimentology, detrital geochronology, sandstone petrography, and subsidence analysis from the Bermejo Basin that reveal siliciclastic-evaporative fluvial and lacustrine environments prior to the main documented phase of Oligocene-Miocene shortening of the Frontal Cordillera and Argentine Precordillera. We report the first radiometric dates from detrital zircons collected in the Cienaga del Rio Huaco Formation, previously mapped as Permian, that constrain a Late Cretaceous (95-93Ma) maximum depositional age. Provenance and paleocurrent data from these strata indicate that detritus was derived from dissected arc and cratonic sources in the north and northeast. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages of 37Ma from the overlying red beds suggest that foredeep sedimentation began by at least the late Eocene. At this time, sediment dispersal shifted from axial southward to transversal eastward from the Andean Arc and Frontal Cordillera. Subsidence analysis of the basin fill is compatible with increasing tectonic deformation beginning in Eocene time, suggesting that a distal foredeep maintained fluvial connectivity to the hinterland during topographic uplift and unroofing of the Frontal Cordillera, prior to Oligocene-Miocene deformation across the Precordillera.

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Holobinko, Anastasia. « STABLE ISOTOPE RATIOS AS A PROXY FOR HUMAN GEOGRAPHIC PROVENANCE : BIOGEOGRAPHICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE 2H, 18O, AND 13C SIGNATURES IN MODERN HUMAN TEETH ». OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1108.

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The positive identification of a decedent is paramount to a forensic investigation in which human remains have been recovered and must be identified. Due to increasing global mobility in the world's populations, it is not inconceivable that an individual might die far away from his or her home. Pinpointing an individual's geographic origin may contribute to definitive forensic identification of contemporary human skeletal remains in cases where dental records and other means of identification are either unavailable to law enforcement personnel or do not yield immediate results. Stable isotope analysis of biogenic tissues such as tooth enamel and bone mineral has become a well‐recognized and increasingly important method for determining the provenance of human remains, and it has been used successfully in bioarchaeological studies as well as forensic investigations. Both 18O and 2H stable isotope signatures are well established proxies as environmental indicators of climate (temperature) and source water and are therefore considered reliable indicators of geographic life trajectories of animals and humans. Similarly, 13C and 15N abundance data have distinguished dietary preferences in ancient human populations, and have been used to qualify 2H and 18O geolocational data that may be consistent with more than one location. Few if any studies have systematically investigated the multi-isotopic signatures in human tooth enamel and dentin from living individuals. Since 18O abundance values obtained from tooth enamel of late-erupting molars are a source of information on geographic origin of an individual during adolescence when crown formation takes place, it was hypothesized that: 1) the stable isotope abundance of 2H, 18O, and 13C in human tooth enamel and dentin is consistent with self-reported residential history and dietary preferences data, and 2) the isotopic variability evident between individuals with shared residential history and nutrient intake is quantifiable, and indicative of intra-individual variability. Two pilot studies were conducted to: 1) evaluate the feasibility of extracting and measuring the 2H composition of human tooth enamel and its suitability as a proxy for human geographic provenance, and 2) compare the isotopic abundance of isotopic abundance of 2H and 13C in human crown dentin collagen obtained from archaeological and modern teeth with the 18O and 13C isotopic composition of the corresponding tooth enamel carbonate. A protocol for preparing tooth enamel for 2H analysis was successfully devised and implemented; however, no correlation was observed between tooth enamel 2H abundance values as measured plotted against source water 2H abundance values. While unexpectedly low rates of hydrogen exchange within mineral hydroxyl groups were documented, and it was possible to analyze tooth enamel for its 2H isotopic composition, the seemingly fixed nature of 2H abundance in tooth enamel means that the 2H isotopic signature of tooth enamel cannot be used as an indicator of geographic provenance. Conversely, positive correlations between collagen 2H abundance values of primary dentin with 2H abundance values for source water and also with enamel 18O abundance values suggests that primary dentin collagen 2H values are linked to the isotopic composition of source water. Third molar tooth enamel was sampled from 10 living volunteers undergoing routine tooth extractions at University of Toronto affiliated dental clinics in Ontario, Canada. The mixed-sex group of patients was given questionnaires in which they provided detailed residential history and answered questions pertaining to dietary preferences (e.g., vegetarian) prior to donating all four third molars. Enamel was drilled from the crown of two third molars from each subject, chemically cleaned, and subjected to an acid digest before being analyzed for its 18O and 13C composition using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. Herewith, isotope abundance values are presented using the delta notation as delta values in per mil (‰). Mean d13CVPDB values for all samples ranged from -9.47 ‰ to -11.31 ‰ (pooled mean = -10.37 ‰), which suggested a persistent C4 plant dietary influence at the time the sampled tooth enamel was forming and is consistent with the typical North American diet. While inter-subject variation contributed the largest proportion of total d13C variability, differences were not significant. The pooled mean d18OVSMOW value for enamel samples was 24.39 ‰, while individual subject mean d18OVSMOW values ranged from 23.76 ‰ to 25.18 ‰. Marked offsets (0.01 ‰ - 0.51 ‰) in mean d18OVSMOW values for each pair of third molars were observed. While subject variation was significant (p=0.0034), neither diet nor sex significantly influenced the oxygen (or carbon) isotope data. Following conversion of d18OVSMOW values to d18OPhosphate values, drinking water values were calculated using the Daux et al. (2008) equation, and compared to their corresponding regional estimated annual average d18O values in precipitation retrieved from the Online Isotopes in Precipitation Calculator (OIPC) (Bowen 2014). Despite observed correlations between the drinking water d18OWater values and d18OOIPC values of four subjects, no statistically significant correlations were evident between the two limited data sets. However, when the isotopically similar d18O values of Toronto area residents were averaged and combined with the remaining Canadian data and the 18O data from 5 enamel samples analyzed in the 2H enamel pilot study, strong positive correlations were evident between d18OPhosphate valuesand d18OOIPC values (R2 = 0.87). Moreover, an equally strong linear relationship was observed between modeled annual precipitation 18O and calculated source water 18O (R2 = 0.87). Based on the d2H, d18O, and d13C values measured in tooth enamel and dentin, it is possible to infer and confirm geographic provenance and dietary intake. However, while enamel carbonate d13C values were consistent with self-reported dietary intake information and residential history, as could be expected vegetarians could not be distinguished from those who consumed meat without determining C/N isotopic ratios in dentin collagen. Further, the presence of strong linear relationships between the 18O composition of enamel carbonate and modeled source water 18O in the merged dataset illustrates the importance of considering site-specific isotopic complexities and using multi-isotope data obtained from multiple tissues when investigating the geographic origins of humans in an archaeological or forensic context. It is not possible to quantify intra-individual isotopic variability without sampling from larger, geographically diverse populations and controlling for as many variables as possible. The construction of regional databases containing 18O and 2H isotopic data obtained from a variety of environmental and human and faunal tissue samples, and the application of such data to individual cases in which geographic origins are desired, is recommended provided the following caveats are considered: 1) whenever possible, d18OPhosphate values should be used when comparing d18O values in tooth enamel with those in precipitation in order to avoid the unmitigated error associated with the application of carbonate conversion equations to enamel phosphate d18O data, 2) the continuous consumption of food sourced elsewhere is liable to affect the overall enamel carbonate d18O values, 3) d18O values in precipitation are not inclusive of the variety of postprecipitation and hydrological processes unique to a particular location, nor are they an accurate representation of the isotopically mixed nature of tap water sourced from distant reservoirs. Hence, extrapolations should be made with caution. Enamel sequential microsampling methods may be advisable for narrowing down a geographic timeline if the overlapping of isotopic signals at various points along the tooth’s longitudinal plane can be quantified and validated. While standardization of analytical methodology is critical to appropriate interpretations of the data, stable isotope profiling is not a standalone method and should be used in conjunction with other lines of evidence in determinations of human provenance.

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DeBord, Joshua S. « Predicting the Geographic Origin of Heroin by Multivariate Analysis of Elemental Composition and Strontium Isotope Ratios ». FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3802.

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The goal of this research was to aid in the fight against the heroin and opioid epidemic by developing new methodology for heroin provenance determination and forensic sample comparison. Over 400 illicit heroin powder samples were analyzed using quadrupole and high-resolution inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS and HR-ICP-MS) in order to measure and identify elemental contaminants useful for associating heroin samples of common origin and differentiating heroin of different geographic origins. Additionally, 198 heroin samples were analyzed by multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS) to measure radiogenic strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) with high-precision for heroin provenance determination, for the first time. Supervised discriminant analysis models were constructed to predict heroin origin using elemental composition. The model was able to correctly associate 88% of the samples to their region of origin. When 87Sr/86Sr data were combined with Q-ICP-MS elemental data, the correct association of heroin samples improved to ≥90% for all groups with an average of 93% correct classification. For forensic sample comparisons, quantitative elemental data (11 elements measured) from 120 samples, 30 from each of the four regions, were compared in order to assess the rate of discrimination (5400 total comparisons). Using a match criterion of ±3 standard deviations about the mean, only 14 of the 5400 possible comparison pairs were not discriminated resulting in a discrimination rate of 99.7%. For determining the rate of correct associations, 3 replicates of 24 duplicate samples were prepared and analyzed on separate days. Only 1 of the 24 correct pairs were not associated for a correct association rate of 95.8%. New methods for provenance determination and sample comparison are expected to be incredibly useful to intelligence agencies and law enforcement working to reduce the proliferation of heroin.

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Rybczynski, Daniel J. « Correlation, Paleogeography, and Provenance of the Neoproterozoic Eastern Uinta Mountain Group, Goslin Mountain Area, Northeastern Utah ». DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/364.

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Geologic mapping, facies analysis, sedimentary petrography, and detrital zircon analyses of undivided eastern Uinta Mountain Group stratigraphy are presented to better understand the depositional environments and tectonic setting of the Uinta Mountain Group basin. Subdivided units have been modified and correlated from previous work and include the Red Pine Shale, Hades Pass, Crouse Canyon, Outlaw Trail, and Diamond Breaks formations. Three lower-order maximum flooding surfaces associated with the lower Outlaw Trail formation, lower Hades Pass formation, and Red Pine Shale are interpreted. The relative magnitude of each lower-order transgression increases up section along with increasing diversity of palynomorph assemblages found in organic shale intervals. Six facies associations exist within the section and are interpreted as braided fluvial conglomerate, braided fluvial sandstone and conglomerate, braided fluvial sandstone, low-energy braided fluvial sandstone, mudflat, and offshore depositional environments. Both marine and non-marine interpretations are plausible for mudflat and offshore environments; however, previous interpretations of correlative Red Pine Shale exposures suggest a marine environment. The coarsest fluvial environments are restricted to the northern half of the study area and likely coincide with proximity to a tectonically-active northern basin margin. Paleocurrent analysis and the restriction of some subaqueous deposits to the north show northward-dipping depositional slopes, which suggest a tectonic control. Provenance work suggests three general sediment sources existed: an eastern source where ~1.1 Ga and lesser ~1.4 Ga detritus dominate, an east-northeastern source where ~1.8 Ga detritus dominate, and a north-northeastern arkosic source where ~2.7 Ga detritus dominate. Results suggest that during lower-order lowstands, sediments derived from eastern sources dominate. Higher concentrations of ~1.8 Ga and ~2.7 Ga detritus is likely coincident with proximity to the northern basin margin. During lower-order highstands, eastern or northern sources may dominate; northern sources appear more prominently within the Outlaw Trail formation, while eastern sources appear more prominently within the Red Pine Shale. Reasons for this may be linked to the magnitude of the transgressive interval sampled. These relationships, in conjunction with observations of previous studies, suggest the eastern Uinta Mountain Group was deposited in a half-graben style rift, a strike-slip basin, or some combination of the two.

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Gravagna, Elisa. « Tracing Provenance of Mesolithic and Neolithic Pottery Along the Nile River by Trace Elements and Sr Isotope Analysis ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422898.

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The aim of this research is to define the provenance of Mesolithic and Neolithic pottery found in some prehistoric sites in Central-Sudan. The study focuses on the analysis of both local raw materials (clay and temper) and ceramic artefacts. In particular, this research is orientated towards the application of Sr isotope analysis (87Sr/86Sr) to pottery characterised by similar pastes in terms of bulk chemical and petrographic composition. Moreover, the possibility of using Sr isotope analysis in provenance studies of pottery in Central Sudan is here investigated. The analysed samples have been found in several Mesolithic and Neolithic sites located along the Nile River across Central-Sudan and on an area located western of the river, in ancient times connected to the Nile by a tributary. The full set of samples includes both raw materials and pottery sherds. A total of 29 clays have been collected between 2013 and 2014 along the Nile system, covering a distance of nearly 1600 km, while during 2015 campaign six more samples have been added to the set of samples. Raw materials are described by a total of 35 geological samples, including clays, sands and rocks. As regards pottery, the initial selection criteria have been discussed with the archaeologist, Sandro Salvatori, and lead to the creation of a set of samples made by Mesolithic sherds found at Al Khiday (16-D-5) characterized by both quartz-tempered paste and decorative motifs that have a wide spatial-temporal distribution in Central Sudan (Rocker stamp dotted zigzag and Rocker stamp plain zigzag). Later, the set have been increased by adding Neolithic quartz-tempered pottery coming from both Al Khiday (16-D-5) and other regions where the same decorative motifs have been found, and in particular from: i) the Wadi Soba area, located along the Blue Nile and particularly the sites of Sheikh Mustafa and Al Mahalab supplied four sherds; ii) the Wadi Howar region lies in southern fringe of the Sudanese Eastern Sahara, and three samples from the site of Ennedi Erg have been studied. Lastly, the study was integrated with the analysis of K-feldspar-tempered pottery that has been found in several prehistoric archaeological sites of central Sudan, included Al Khiday. While raw materials and quartz-tempered pottery have been ground as is usual, pastes of K-feldspar-tempered pottery were micro-drilled in order to collect only the fine matrix and remove the K-feldspar inclusions. The issue regarding K-feldspar provenance is still under debate: it is usually found in combination with specific ceramic decorations (incised wavy line, rocker stamp dotted zigzag packed, alternating pivoted stamp) but its geological origin is attributable to outcrops of granite-like rocks (granite, syenite, and related ring complexes) that lies only in relatively small areas far away from Al Khiday sites (about 80-100 km), as the nearest location where they outcrop. Therefore, movement of raw materials or finite objects? The answer to this issue is very important to define social structure, relationships and exchange patterns within Mesolithic hunter-gatherer-fisher communities of central Sudan. As regards pottery studies, usually the localisation of the supply zone (the zone where people had direct access to the source of raw material/s) and therefore the definition of the provenance area are based on the presence of specific minero-petrographic markers if the ceramic production is committed to coarse pastes. If the pastes are of fine manufacture, the supply zone is identified by geochemical characteristics belonging to specific reference groups (e.g. production wastes). Nevertheless, in many cases the lack of specific traits of both lithological and geochemical nature prevents the resolution of important issues concerning pottery provenance. In the particular case study of Al Khiday, the presence of abundant quartz in the pastes causes a strong dilution effect also on trace elements potentially useful as markers of provenance. In cases where the coarse fraction of a ceramic is composed entirely of quartz (SiO2), which does not contains significant amounts of Rb or Sr, the Sr isotopic composition of the ceramic is derived almost entirely from the clay fraction. For this reason, the region of Central-Sudan is a suitable area where to apply this analytical method. The application of Sr isotopic analysis in ceramic provenance study rests on the premise that the geological origins of the minerals in ceramic pastes are not entirely obscured by processes associated with ceramic production. The comparison between the isotopic fingerprint of clays deposited by the Nile River across the central-Sudan and that of pottery coming from aforementioned prehistoric archaeological sites helped in the interpretation of provenance and production. Some supply zones have been excluded while others turned out to be more than plausible. Nevertheless, the study of pottery through Sr isotope analysis must face also the fact that the ceramic vessels were used in daily life and were subject to contamination by solid and liquid food. The comparison of Sr isotope signatures obtained from clay and pottery yielded information about the mixing processes of Nile sediments along the areas of interest and about some possible supply zones for raw materials used in pottery production. Because of the contamination of the sherds, which is evident analysing the bulk Sr contents, it is possible to make only some hypothesis about pottery provenance but all this information considerably contributed to the reconstruction of the material culture of Mesolithic and Neolithic populations of central Sudan.
Scopo di questo progetto è lo studio di provenienza di ceramiche antiche rinvenute in alcuni siti archeologici del Sudan centrale, inteso come analisi sia delle materie prime locali che delle produzioni ceramiche. Nello specifico il lavoro è stato rivolto all’applicazione dell’analisi degli isotopi dello Stronzio (87Sr/86Sr) allo studio di manufatti ceramici che presentano impasti analoghi in termini di composizione petrografica e chimica di bulk, con la possibilità di utilizzare tale metodo per la determinazione della provenienza. I frammenti ceramici oggetto di studio provengono da diversi siti Mesolitici e Neolitici situati lungo il corso del Nilo che attraversa il Sudan centrale e in un’area posta ad ovest di questo, attraversata da uno dei suoi antichi affluenti. Il set di campioni analizzati include sia argille che ceramiche. Un totale di 29 argille è stato campionato tra il 2013 ed il 2014 coprendo una distanza di circa 1600 km, mentre nella campagna del 2015 ne sono state aggiunte sei, per un totale di 35 campioni geologici, tra argille, sabbie e rocce. Per quanto riguarda le ceramiche, dopo un confronto con l’archeologo Sandro Salvatori, per iniziare sono stati selezionati campioni provenienti dai siti di Al Khiday (16-D-5) appartenenti al periodo Mesolitico, decorati secondo uno stile ben distribuito nell’arco spazio-temporale relativo al Sudan Centrale (Rocker stamp dotted zigzag e Rocker stamp plain zigzag) e caratterizzati da impasto temperato a quarzo. Successivamente il set di campioni è stato ampliato aggiungendo ceramiche, sempre temperate a quarzo, appartenenti al periodo Neolitico provenienti sia dal medesimo sito di Al Khiday (16-D-5) che da altre zone in cui è stato rinvenuto lo stesso tipo di ceramica decorata con il medesimo motivo: la regione di Wadi Soba lungo il Nilo Blu, nello specifico i siti di Sheikh Mustafa e Al Mahalab; i siti della regione di Wadi Howar nel nord-ovest del Sudan, più precisamente dall’Ennedi Erg. Infine il quadro è stato completato con lo studio degli esemplari di ceramica temperata a feldspato potassico rinvenuta in numerosi siti archeologici, compreso quello di Al Khiday. Da questi impasti è stata meccanicamente prelevata unicamente la matrice fine e sono stati rimossi gli inclusi di feldspato potassico, la cui presenza determina delle importanti variazioni composizionali rispetto a quelle dell’argilla utilizzata. L’ipotesi della provenienza di questo smagrante è ancora dibattuta: si trova principalmente abbinato a specifici motivi decorativi (incised wavy line, rocker stamp dotted zigzag packed, alternating pivoted stamp) ma la sua origine geologica è imputabile ad affioramenti di rocce di tipo granitico che si trovano solo in determinate aree a molti chilometri di distanza (almeno 80-100 km) dai siti di Al Khiday. Questa parte del lavoro è stata rivolta alla risoluzione della questione se il feldspato venisse importato nei centri produttivi e mescolato con le argille locali di queste aree, o se i manufatti ceramici venissero prodotti in vicinanza delle zone di affioramento del feldspato e poi diffuse regionalmente. Pertanto, circolazione di una materia prima o di prodotti finiti? La risposta a questo quesito rappresenta un elemento importante nella definizione delle relazioni e della struttura sociale delle comunità di cacciatori-raccoglitori-pescatori Mesolitici. Per quel che riguarda i materiali ceramici, la presenza di markers minero-petrografici in produzioni ad impasto grossolano e specifici caratteri geochimici riferibili a gruppi di riferimento, cioè a produzioni di sicura origine locale (scarti di cottura, materiali di fornaci) o a materiali argillosi per le produzioni ad impasto fine, costituiscono il miglior vincolo nella definizione delle aree di approvvigionamento delle materie prime, e pertanto della provenienza. In molti casi però, l’assenza di elementi peculiari, siano essi litologici o geochimici, impedisce di risolvere importanti problematiche di provenienza delle ceramiche. Negli impasti presi in esame, inoltre, la predominanza di smagrante quarzoso determina anche un forte effetto di diluizione degli elementi in traccia, che quindi non consente di fornire indicazioni sulla provenienza delle argille. Per questo motivo il territorio del Sudan centrale preso in esame rappresenta una zona adatta per sperimentare questa indagine scientifica e, proprio in questo caso, l’analisi dei rapporti isotopici dello stronzio potrebbe rivelarsi decisiva; nei casi in cui viene utilizzato uno smagrante quarzoso, il quale non contiene quantità significative di Rb o Sr, la composizione isotopica dello stronzio nella ceramica è derivata per lo più dalla frazione argillosa/limosa. Il confronto tra l’impronta isotopica delle argille deposte dal Nilo lungo il suo corso attraverso il Sudan centrale e quella delle ceramiche provenienti dai siti sopracitati ha fornito una chiave di lettura per definire la provenienza di manufatti nei quali l’assenza di markers petrografici ne impedisce invece la collocazione. Alcune aree di approvvigionamento sono state escluse mentre altre sono risultate essere più plausibili. Tuttavia, lo studio del rapporto isotopico dello Sr in manufatti ceramici deve fare i conti con il fatto che questi oggetti erano parte integrante della vita quotidiana di queste popolazioni ed erano legati alla preparazione e alla consumazione del cibo, sia solido che liquido. Il confronto dei rapporti isotopici dello Sr di argille e ceramiche ha fornito informazioni sia riguardo ai processi di mescolamento dei sedimenti lungo il corso del Nilo nel Sudan centrale che ad alcune possibili zone di approvvigionamento di materie prime per la produzione delle ceramiche prese in esame. Ma, a causa della contaminazione dei frammenti ceramici, la quale si manifesta principalmente nell'analisi del contenuto in Sr, è possibile abbozzare solo alcune ipotesi sulla provenienza di queste ceramiche, sulla unica base isotopica. Tuttavia queste informazioni hanno contribuito in modo considerevole alla ricostruzione della cultura materiale delle popolazioni Mesolitiche e Neolitiche del Sudan centrale.

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Druc, Isabelle, Jalh Dulanto, de Castro Alejandro Rey et Enrique Guadalupe. « Analysis Of The Mineral Composition Of The Ceramic Vessels From Puerto Nuevo : Some Preliminary Considerations Regarding Production And Provenance ». Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113306.

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The analysis of ceramic fragments from the site of Puerto Nuevo (1000-500 AC), on the south coast of Peru, reveals a diversified ceramic production and possible long distance interaction networks for ceramics along the coast during the first half of the first millennium before our era. Macroscopic analysis with a hand-held digital low power microscope of fresh cross-sections conducted by Alejandro Rey de Castro allowed classifying the ceramics in different paste groups as well as identifying atypical ceramics. Petrographic analysis conducted by Isabelle Druc on 120 ceramic thin sections of these fragments helped refine this classification into six compositional groups, providing more details on the production and provenance of the wares. Comparison with 30 thin sections of clay-tiles collected in the lower and middle valley of the Ica and Pisco Rivers and on the littoral between the two rivers, showed that a majority of ceramics was manufacturedwith local sediments without much sorting. Different resource areas were exploited around Puerto Nuevo, on the littoral and in the Lower and Middle Ica and Pisco valleys. Based on these results, we propose the existence of severalcommunities of potters working in the Puerto Nuevo region. One (or more) of these communities must have used coastal sandy clays with no need to ad temper, another mined inland clay deposits with natural inclusions of charophyte algae, and other(s) used materials rich in granodioritic rock fragments. Thirteen atypical ceramics were singled out based on different composition, texture, or firing, suggesting other production modes. Their composition, however, still suggests a coastal provenance, indicating that the interaction network extended along the coast, rather than with the highlands.
El análisis de fragmentos de vasijas de cerámica del sitio de Puerto Nuevo (1000 a 500 a.C.), en la costa sur del Perú, revela la existencia de una producción diversificada y la probable existencia de redes de intercambio a larga distancia de vasijas de cerámica a lo largo de la costa durante la primera mitad del primer milenio antes de nuestra era. El examen macroscópico con lupa digital sobre cortes frescos realizado por Alejandro Rey de Castro permitió agrupar inicialmente los fragmentos en diferentes grupos de pasta, así como identificar varios fragmentos atípicos. A partir del análisis petrográfico de 120 láminas delgadas de estas cerámicas, Isabelle Druc refinó esta agrupación inicial en seis grupos de composición que brindan informaciones más detalladas sobre la producción y la procedencia de las vasijas de cerámica de las cuales provienen estos fragmentos. El análisis petrográfico de estas 120 láminas delgadas de fragmentos de cerámicas con 30 láminas delgadas de muestras de arcilla de los valles bajo y medio de los ríos Ica y Pisco, y del área de litoral entre lasdesembocaduras de ambos evidencia que la mayoría de las vasijas de cerámica estudiadas fueron producidas con sedimentos locales sin mucha selección granulométrica. Diversas fuentes de materias primas fueron explotadas, tanto en el área de litoral alrededor de Puerto Nuevo, como en los valles bajo y medio de los ríos Ica y Pisco. A partir de estos resultados, proponemos la existencia de varias comunidades de alfareros que trabajaban en la región de Puerto Nuevo —al menos, una caracterizada por el uso de una arcilla arenosa a la que no se agregaba temperante; otra, por el uso de una arcilla rica en algas carofitas; y otra a la que se le agregaba un temperante granodiorítico—. Trece fragmentos de vasijas de cerámica petrográficamente atípicos —con una composición, textura o cocción distintas a las de los grupos identificados para Puerto Nuevo— sugieren la existencia de otros modos de producción, mientras que el hecho de que en todos estos casos la composición sea de tipos costeños podría indicar la existencia de redes de intercambio de vasijas de cerámica preferentemente a lo largo de la costa, en lugar de entre la costa y la sierra.

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Gyuran-Humbert, Nathalie. « Mise au point de méthodes pour l'analyse de micropolluants organiques dans des matrices liquides ou solides en provenance de la filière cuir ». Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10056.

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La recherche de micro-polluants organiques dangereux s'inscrit dans le concept de développement durable conciliant la protection de l'environnement et le développement économique. Les pouvoirs publics français ont établi une liste des activités industrielles susceptibles d'avoir un impact au niveau de la pollution des sols. La tannerie a été une des activités listées. Ce mémoire a pour objectif de mettre à disposition de la filière cuir française des méthodes d'analyses des micro-polluants organiques dans les sols. Avant de pouvoir travailler sur cette matrice, il a fallu valider des modes opératoires permettant de doser ces substances à l'état de trace dans l'eau, en particulier les 33 substances dangereuses issues de la directive européenne sur l'eau n° 2000/ 60/ CEE (liste étendue à 87 substances par le Ministère de l'environnement et du développement durable). Toutes les méthodes ont été développées en chromatographie gazeuse et liquide. Les rendements, les limites de détection et de quantification et les incertitudes associées au dosage ont été déterminés. Certaines de ces méthodes ont été extrapolées pour être applicable sur la matrice "sol"

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Rodier, Francine. « Mesure de l'impact de la marque de provenance Aliments du Québec sur la valeur des produits ». Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/367.

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Au Québec, un emploi sur huit est lié au secteur agroalimentaire. L'industrie joue un rôle important dans l'économie de la plupart des régions, tant en regard de l'emploi que de l'activité économique. Reconnaissant l'importance de promouvoir les produits québécois sur le marché interne, les intervenants du milieu agroalimentaire ont créé l'organisme Aliments du Québec. Parmi les stratégies adoptées pour accroître les parts de marché des produits québécois figure l'identification des produits à l'aide de la marque de provenance Aliments du Québec. Malgré les avantages économiques découlant de l'achat local, par manque de preuves scientifiques, l'organisme Aliments du Québec n'est pas en mesure de justifier quantitativement les investissements requis pour des démarches d'identification. Or, la connaissance de cette valeur, si elle s'avère positive, faciliterait l'adoption de la marque de provenance Aliments du Québec par les producteurs, les transformateurs et les distributeurs du Québec. L'objectif de la présente étude est donc de pallier à cette lacune en estimant la valeur de la marque Aliments du Québec auprès des responsables des achats alimentaires, et ce, dans un contexte d'achat réel. Notre recension des écrits a montré que, malgré la rareté des expérimentations en milieu réel et surtout l'absence d'études de cette ampleur dans le secteur agroalimentaire, la présence d'une marque signalant la provenance d'un produit alimentaire est susceptible d'influencer sa valeur aux yeux du consommateur et, de ce fait, sa propension à payer ou sa demande pour le produit. Cette revue de la littérature nous a permis de formuler des hypothèses à l'effet que l'identification de provenance Aliments du Québec devrait accroître la valeur d'un produit et que cet effet devrait être supérieur dans le cas des produits issus de catégories peu différenciées et arborant des marques dont le capital est faible. Pour tester ces hypothèses, nous avons eu recours à une expérimentation en magasin qui s'est déroulée sur une période de 39 semaines. Un plan factoriel 2 x 2 x 2 a été utilisé, soit deux stratégies d'identification (présence ou absence du logo Aliments du Québec), deux niveaux de similarité des produits dans la catégorie (faible et fort) et deux niveaux de force de la marque du produit sur lequel la marque de provenance Aliments du Québec est apposée (faible et forte). Nous avons utilisé la part de marché comme variable dépendante. Cette variable a été préférée à la quantité vendue parce qu'elle permet de contrôler les événements exceptionnels pouvant affecter les ventes de l'ensemble d'une catégorie de produits (ex. : la période des Fêtes). L'étude a été réalisée dans quatre magasins d'alimentation membres de la bannière IGA (Sobey's), l'une des trois principales bannières du Québec. Les magasins participants devaient fournir des données quant aux prix de vente et aux quantités vendues pour l'ensemble des marques présentes dans les 16 catégories de produits ciblés, et ce, pour une période de 27 semaines précédant l'expérimentation et pour les 12 semaines d'expérimentation. Le protocole expérimental s'est déroulé en deux temps. Au cours de la première période, qui s'est échelonnée sur les 27 premières semaines, aucune manipulation n'a été effectuée dans les 4 magasins. Au cours de la deuxième période, c'est-à-dire lors des semaines 28 à 39, nous avons effectué des manipulations en magasin. Dans deux des quatre magasins, nous avons identifié les marques cibles à l'aide de commères de 15 cm arborant la marque de provenance Aliments du Québec. En plus des données de ventes quotidiennes fournies par les marchands, un relevé hebdomadaire des produits présents, des ruptures, des quantités disponibles, des positions, des promotions et des prix a été effectué durant la période expérimentale. Des photos ont également été prises afin de permettre des vérifications a posteriori. Afin d'augmenter la validité externe des résultats observés et être en mesure d'isoler l'impact de la marque de provenance sur la valeur des produits, les catégories de produits retenues pour l'étude devaient répondre à quatre critères. Premièrement, il devait s'agir de catégories où la similarité entre les produits est forte ou faible. Deuxièmement, les catégories de produits retenues devaient correspondre à un marché mature et non saisonnier afin de réduire les variations dans les ventes attribuables à des facteurs externes. Troisièmement, il devait s'agir de catégories de produits d'achat fréquent afin de pouvoir observer les effets dans un délai raisonnable. Quatrièmement, la catégorie de produits devait présenter une variation dans les prix des produits à travers le temps afin de pouvoir estimer la courbe de demande pour les marques retenues. Les marques cibles retenues pour l'étude ont, pour leur part, été sélectionnées à partir de deux critères. D'abord, il devait s'agir de marques ayant une faible ou forte équité. Ensuite, les marques retenues devaient satisfaire les critères d'admissibilité pour l'usage de la marque de provenance Aliments du Québec ou de la marque de provenance Aliment préparé au Québec. Notre approche prévoyait le calcul de parts de marché. Il a donc été nécessaire d'identifier la concurrence directe. Cette identification s'est déroulée selon une démarche qualitative en deux temps. Dans un premier temps, nous avons effectué un relevé, dans les 4 sites expérimentaux, de toutes les marques offertes dans les 16 catégories de produits ciblées lors du pré-test. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons identifié la concurrence directe des 16 marques cibles en 3 étapes. Dans une première étape, un relevé des marques présentes dans les 16 catégories a été soumis aux gestionnaires des 4 magasins afin d'en vérifier d'éventuelles omissions. Dans une deuxième étape, la chercheure principale a procédé à une analyse de la concurrence directe qui a consisté à faire des sous-groupes au sein des 16 catégories de produits. Dans une troisième étape, deux experts en marketing ont validé la classification effectuée. La variable dépendante a été mesurée par une procédure en trois étapes. Lors de la première, nous avons estimé, à l'aide de régressions, la courbe de demande pour les 16 marques cibles à partir des données recueillies lors des 27 premières semaines. À la seconde étape, en utilisant la courbe de demande estimée, nous avons fait des prédictions sur les parts de marché des marques cibles pour les semaines 28 à 39, en l'absence d'identification Aliments du Québec. À la troisième étape, nous avons calculé l'écart entre les parts de marché observées et les parts de marché prévues pour chaque marque cible. Si l'écart était plus élevé dans le cas des marques cibles identifiées par une commère Aliments du Québec, nous avons alors conclu que la marque Aliments du Québec ajoute de la valeur à un produit alimentaire. L'analyse des résultats a permis de confirmer que la présence de la marque de provenance Aliments du Québec augmente la valeur du produit et que ces résultats sont valables, peu importe le niveau de différenciation des produits dans la catégorie et la force de sa marque. Ces résultats sont également demeurés stables en tenant compte du magasin, de la catégorie de produits, de la semaine expérimentale, du nombre de commères et des activités promotionnelles. En moyenne, pour l'ensemble des 15 catégories de produits analysées, lorsqu'un produit est identifié par la marque Aliments du Québec, sa part de marché est de 2,8 points de pourcentage plus élevée que lorsque celui-ci n'est pas identifié par la marque Aliments du Québec. Plusieurs implications managériales découlent de cette recherche. Ces résultats se répercutent d'abord sur l'organisme Aliments du Québec, qui est désormais mieux outillé pour justifier les investissements requis pour des démarches d'identification des produits, et ce, peu importe la partie prenante. Ensuite, les résultats se répercutent sur les distributeurs alimentaires du Québec qui ont avantage à identifier les produits québécois qui répondent aux exigences de l'organisme, et ce, peu importe la localisation de leur magasin et le temps de l'année. L'identification Aliments du Québec est ainsi susceptible de contribuer à sécuriser l'espace tablette des produits québécois chez ces distributeurs. Nos résultats suggèrent aussi que les producteurs et transformateurs ont avantage à apposer l'identification Aliments du Québec sur leurs emballages afin d'augmenter la valeur de leurs produits aux yeux des consommateurs. Nos résultats envoient aussi un signal aux gouvernements qui auraient avantage à investir dans la marque de provenance Aliments du Québec puisqu'elle peut contribuer au développement du secteur agroalimentaire québécois. Bien que certaines limites inhérentes aux expérimentations en contexte réel comme les coûts et les inconvénients aux marchands soient également présentes ici, cette recherche ouvre d'autres pistes. En effet, des études ultérieures pourraient s'intéresser à l'évolution de la valeur d'une marque de provenance dans le temps, mais elles pourraient aussi avoir recours à une méthodologie semblable avec d'autres certifications, divers types de visuels ou différents types de magasins.

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Hendricks, Mogammad Yaaseen. « Provenance and depositional environments of early cretaceous sediments in the Bredasdorp Sub-basin, offshore South Africa : an integrated approach ». University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7596.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Southern offshore basins of South Africa are well known as potential provinces of hydrocarbon exploration and production. The complex nature of the Bredasdorp sub-basin’s syn-rift architecture (transform fault system) can have adverse effects on reservoir distribution due to periodic local and regional uplift of horsts and grabens. This present investigation focusses on an integrated approach of the 1AT1-V horizon or early Cretaceous sediments in the Bredasdorp sub-basin to identify the depositional environment and provenance of these sediments as well as their role in regionally complex compositional heterogeneities associated with the late stage rifting of Gondwana break-up. An integrated seismic, sedimentological (including petrography and geochemistry) and ichnologic analysis of the 1AT1-V horizon sediments showed an overall lower regressive element complex assemblage set and an upper transgressive element complex assemblage set that occurred as a >120m thick succession. The analysis identified a mixed-energy deltaic succession followed by an estuarine succession. The 1AT1-V interval (late syn-rift) consisted of nine sedimentary facies associations (and associated petrofacies) on a dipslope setting with variations occurring along the strike and the downdip depositional slope areas. Two overall sequences were identified as a lower regressive and upper transgressive sequence (Element complex assemblage sets). The regressive sequence consisted of middle to distal delta front lobe fringes, hyperpycnal event beds (sourced from basement highs), offshore migrating tidal bars (and associated inter-bar regions), distal mouth bars, terminal distributary channels (and associated inter-terminal distributary regions). The distal delta plain to proximal delta front consisted of interdistributary bays, distributary channels, crevasse splay sub-deltas, mouth bars, tidal flats and offshore embayments. In the laterally isolated depocenter, these deposits also consisted of basement high slopes with upliftment of the basement highs leading to proximal/central embayment to regressive shoreface/foreshore environments. These sequences consisted generally of low diversity and intensities (impoverished abundances) of trace fossils. The paleoclimate inference from this sequence indicates a humid climate with intermediate degrees of weathering intensities (possibly fluctuating arid-humid conditions). The transgressive sequence consisted of estuarine sedimentation with the occurrence of tidal sand ridges and compound dune fields, embayment facies and tidal bars. These sequences consisted of relatively higher ichnodiversities and intensities than their relative regressive sequences. The paleoclimate inference during these times consisted of more arid to semi-arid settings with low degrees of weathering in the source terrain. Local tectonic upliftment and subsidence, with exposed basement highs, gave rise to differential process regimes (tidal, wave and fluvial) and hence depositional facies in the diachronous updip/downdip areas (spatial) and within-stratigraphic (temporal) variations. There are several modern analogues that are similar to the 1AT1-V horizon sequence and they are the Mahakam, Ganges-Brahmaputra, Po, Burdekin deltaic and Satpara lake environments Compaction and dissolution diagenetic features as well as transportation were responsible for the major compositional heterogeneities concerning the reservoir quality and distribution. Proximal and distal sources were identified with first cycle and polycyclic sediments being deposited in the northern and southern part of the basin during the late stages of rifting in the Bredasdorp sub-basin. The provenance lithology has been identified as recycled sedimentary rocks (and their meta-equivalents) with an ultimate source terrain that was largely felsic in nature (Cape granite suite). The northern part of the studied section is suggested to have received sediments from the main metasedimentary rocks of the Cape fold belt (including the Table Mountain Group and Bokkeveld Group) whereas the southern sections received more sediments from the basement highs (recycled Malmesbury Group (and Pre-Cape sediments) and Cape granite suite), which is further supported by seismic data. Provenance analysis revealed that the Cape Fold belt (most recent collision) was possibly a provenance terrain but overprinting of several collisions are also acknowledged. The tectonic setting was envisaged to be of a rifted margin during the break-up of Gondwana. This compositional heterogeneity due to facies and provenance-related terrains had major consequences to the reservoir quality and distribution from the northern part to the southern part of the studied section

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Dodson, Scott A. « Petrographic and Geochronologic Provenance Analysis of Upper Pennsylvanian Fluvial Sandstones of the Conemaugh and Monongahela Groups, Athens County, Ohio ». Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1218658592.

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Kelly, Evan A. « AGE OF THE WALDEN CREEK GROUP, WESTERN BLUE RIDGE PROVINCE : RESOLVING A DECADES-OLD CONTROVERSY VIA DETRITAL MINERAL GEOCHRONOLOGY AND SEDIMENTARY PROVENANCE ANALYSIS ». UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ees_etds/20.

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Originally mapped as Precambrian and uppermost Ocoee Supergroup (OS), recent discoveries of Paleozoic microfossils have placed the Walden Creek Group (WCG), eastern Tennessee, into a younger depositional framework (Silurian or younger). In this study, monazite geochronology using SIMs, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology determined by LA-ICP-MS, feldspar compositions determined by microprobe, zircon-tourmaline-rutile (ZTR) indices, and framework mineral modes were used to characterize provenance of sandstones of the WCG. Monazite ages cluster at 450 and 1050 Ma. All Ordovician ages are from grains that, in BSE images, have inclusion-rich microtextures interpreted as diagenetic and/or metamorphic, thus requiring that the WCG was deposited prior to Taconic metamorphism. The WCG heavy mineral suite is similar to the OS in its low modal abundance of monazite, but contains a slightly higher ZTR index. WCG Feldspar compositions are sodium poor-Kfs and sodic plagioclase, like the OS. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages for three formations of the WCG (seven samples total, n = 620) match the Ocoee signature. The dominant age modes are at ca. 1000 and 1150 Ma, with smaller modes at 1450 and 650 Ma. The monazite ages and supporting observations prove the WCG is not Paleozoic and its source rock signature matches the underlying OS.

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Balgord, Elizabeth A. « Triassic to Neogene Evolution of the Andean Retroarc : Neuquén Basin, Argentina ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595810.

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The Andes Mountains provide an ideal natural laboratory to analyze the relationship between the tectonic evolution of a subduction margin, retroarc shortening, basin morphology, and volcanic activity. Timing of initial shortening and foreland basin development in Argentina is diachronous along strike, with ages varying by 20-30 million years. The Neuquén Basin (32°S-40°S) of southern-central Argentina sits in a retroarc position and provides a geological record of sedimentation in variable tectonic settings from the Late Triassic to the early Cenozoic including: 1.) active extension and deposition in isolated rift basins in the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic; 2.) post-rift back-arc basin from Late Jurassic-Late Cretaceous; 3.) foreland basin from Late Cretaceous to Oligocene; and 4.) variable extension and contraction along-strike from Oligocene to present. The goal of this study is to determine the timing of the transition from post-rift thermal subsidence to foreland basin deposition in the northern Neuquén Basin and then assess volcanic activity and composition during various tectonic regimes. The Aconcagua and Malargüe areas (32°S and 35°S) are located in the northern segment of the Neuquén Basin and preserve Upper Jurassic to Miocene sedimentary rocks, which record the earliest phase of shortening at this latitude. This study presents new sedimentological and detrital zircon U-Pb data from the Jurassic to latest Cretaceous sedimentary strata to determine depositional environments, stratigraphic relations, provenance, and maximum depositional ages of these units and ultimately evaluate the role of tectonics on sedimentation in this segment of the Andes. The combination of provenance, basin, and subsidence analysis shows that the initiation of foreland basin deposition occurred at ~100 Ma with the deposition of the Huitrín Formation, which recorded an episode of erosion marking the passage of the flexural forebulge. This was followed by an increase in tectonic subsidence, along with the appearance of recycled sedimentary detritus, recorded in petrographic and detrital zircons analyses, as well development of an axial drainage pattern, consistent with deposition in the flexural forebulge between 95 and 80 Ma. By ca. 70 Ma the volcanic arc migrated eastward and was a primary local source for detritus. Growth structures recorded in latest Cretaceous units very near both the Aconcagua and Malargüe study areas imply 35-40 km and 80-125 km of foreland migration between 95 and 60 Ma in the Aconcagua and Malargüe areas, respectively. Strata ranging in age from Middle Jurassic to Neogene were analyzed to determine their detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra and Hf isotopic composition to determine the relationship between magmatic output rate, tectonic regime, and crustal evolution. When all detrital zircon data are combined, significant pulses in magmatic activity occur from 190-145 Ma, and at 128 Ma, 110 Ma, 69 Ma, 16 Ma, and 7 Ma. The duration of magmatic lulls increased markedly from 10-30 million years during back-arc deposition (190-100 Ma) to ~40-50 million years during foreland basin deposition (100-~30 Ma). The long duration of magmatic lulls during foreland basin deposition could be caused by flat-slab subduction events during the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic or by long magmatic recharge events. There are three major shifts towards positive Hf isotopic values and all are associated with regional extension events whereas compression seems to lead to more evolved isotopic values.

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Ames, Carsyn Jean. « Insights for provenance analysis of modern watersheds from detrital apatite and detrital zircon U-PB geochronology- Talkeetna Mountains, southcentral Alaska ». Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3244.

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Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology is a useful tool for analyzing provenance in the sedimentary record. Differentiating recycled and first cycle populations in the detrital record, however, is not a straightforward process. A second potential problem in using detrital signatures to determine provenance of sediment lies in the assumption that detrital signatures of modern rivers reflect input from each exposed unit in the catchment boundaries. To investigate each of these problems, I present U-Pb analysis of detrital zircon (DZ) from modern river sand collected from 20 watersheds, 6 detrital apatite (DA) signatures from modern river sand, and 6 DA signatures from exposed strata, all within the Talkeetna Mountains (south-central Alaska). DA rarely survives past the first cycle of erosion and deposition due to its inability to survive chemical weathering, and thus dominantly represent igneous input in detrital signatures, whereas zircon can be of igneous origin or can survive multiple cycles of erosion and deposition. By comparing the DA signatures with the DZ signatures, I present a method to better differentiate first cycle, igneous sediment contributions from recycled populations within a detrital signature. The results of these comparisons show that DA signatures provide ages of igneous input into the detrital record; these ages are also reflected in the DZ signature, thus signaling these DZ populations as igneous in origin. This study also investigates the potential for DA recycling and DA input from recycled strata. To address the second problem, I present a method using GIS software and the most recent map of Alaska to create simulated signatures that records input on a scale proportionate to the exposed surface area of each bedrock unit. In ~35% of the watersheds tested, the simulated signatures predict trends similar to the DZ signatures from the modern river sands, in 55% of the watersheds tested the simulated signatures missed one or more populations present in the DZ signature, and in 10% of watersheds tested, the simulated signature predicted trends very different from the DZ signatures. In cases where the DZ and simulated signatures do not match, I believe this represents influences of climate and relief and zircon fertility.

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Damaso, Natalie. « Biogeographical Patterns of Soil Microbial Communities : Ecological, Structural, and Functional Diversity and their Application to Soil Provenance ». FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3006.

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The current ecological hypothesis states that the soil type (e.g., chemical and physical properties) determines which microbes occupy a particular soil and provides the foundation for soil provenance studies. As human profiles are used to determine a match between evidence from a crime scene and a suspect, a soil microbial profile can be used to determine a match between soil found on the suspect’s shoes or clothing to the soil at a crime scene. However, for a robust tool to be applied in forensic application, an understanding of the uncertainty associated with any comparisons and the parameters that can significantly influence variability in profiles needs to be determined. This study attempted to address some of the most obvious uncertainties of soil provenance applications such as spatial variability, temporal variability, and marker selection (i.e., taxa discrimination). Pattern analysis was used to validate the ecological theories driving the soil microbial biogeography. Elucidating soil microbial communities’ spatial and temporal variability is critical to improve our understanding of the factors regulating their structure and function. Microbial profiling and bioinformatics analyses of the soil community provided a rapid method for soil provenance that can be informative, easier to perform, and more cost effective than approaches using traditional physico-chemical data. This study also showed that stable profiles may allow comparison between evidence and a possible crime scene despite the time lapse (4 years) between sample collections, however, this is dependent on the analysis method, site, vegetation, and level of disturbance. Marker selection was also an important consideration for profiling. Even though Fungi look promising for single taxon soil discrimination, the additional markers can help discriminate between a wide variety of soil types. As in human identification, the more DNA markers queried the greater the discrimination power. Lastly, this study illustrated a novel method to query the iron relating genes and ability to design a novel marker that can easily be used to profile the functional diversity of a soil community to enhance soil classification. Overall this research demonstrated the potential and effectiveness of using microbial DNA from soil, not just for comparison, but also for intelligence gathering to pinpoint the geographic origin of the soil.

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Barberon, Vanesa. « Evolution tectonique du dépocentre nord du bassin Austral des Andes de Patagonie ». Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD058/document.

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Le plan de thèse comprend les objectifs spécifiques suivants: D'après les observations de terrain, la carte géologique structurale sera obtenue en couvrant la zone géoréférencée entre le lac Buenos Aires et la rivière Mayer dans le sud des Andes de la Patagonie, province de Santa Cruz. L'analyse de la provenance a été faite par des études pétrographiques en grès à cinq coupes stratigraphiques représentatives des séquences considérées appartenant au Crétacé inférieur et au Miocène dans le secteur nord du bassin Austral. D'autres études préliminaires de diffraction des rayons X à un profil (appelé Veranada de Gómez). Aussi, deux unités lithostratigraphiques ont été datées et étudiées par provenance des zircons détritiques. Il est prévu de déterminer pour la zone d'étude, le début de l'avant-pays d'étape, et une estimation est obtenue l'âge de l'exhumation des régions d'origine, et donc une approche semi-quantitative à la fois de l'apparition du soulèvement, comme modèles de dispersion des sédiments. L'analyse complète de ces données donnera la structure générale de la dispersion paléogéographique et des sédiments de la bordure nord du Bassin du Sud pour s'harmoniser avec le patron du secteur sud, qui a alimenté la zone d'étude. De plus, une déformation fragile sera étudiée en analysant les failles striaes pour caractériser les déformations dans la zone
The thesis plan includes the following specific objectives: According to field observations structural geological map will be obtained georeferenced area covering between the lake Buenos Aires and Mayer River in the Southern Andes Patagonian, Santa Cruz province. Provenance analysis were done by petrographic studies in sandstones at five stratigraphic sections representative of the sequences considered belonging to the Lower Cretaceous and Miocene in the northern sector of the Austral basin. Further X-ray diffraction preliminary studies at one profile (called Veranada de Gómez). Also, two lithostratigraphic units were dated and study by detrital zircons provenance. It is expected to determine for the study area, the beginning of the stage foreland, and an estimate is obtained the age of the exhumation of the regions of origin, and thus a semi-quantitative approach at a time the age of onset of uplift, as sediment dispersion models. The comprehensive analysis of these data will give the general pattern of palaeogeographic dispersal and sediments of the northern edge of Southern Basin to mesh with the southern sector pattern, which fed the study area. Moreover fragile deformation will be studied by analyzing faults striaes to characterize the deformation events in the area

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Bellot-Gurlet, Ludovic. « Caractérisation par analyse élémentaire (PIXE et ICP-MS/-AES) d'un verre naturel, l'obsidienne : application à l'étude de provenance d'objets archéologiques ». Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759897.

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L'obsidienne a été utilisée comme matière première de l'industrie lithique au cours de périodes préhistoriques. Ce matériau possède des propriétés spécifiques qui caractérisent son lieu d'origine. La rareté de ses sources et l'intérêt dont l'obsidienne a fait l' objet par le passé en font pour le préhistorien un marqueur remarquable d'échanges et de contacts humains à grande distance. Nous montrons les avantages relatifs, pour la détermination de la composition chimique, de l'analyse sous faisceau d'ions par PlXE -Particle InducedX-ray Emission-, qui permet des mesures non destructives, et par plasma couplé par induction : ICP-AES -Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry- et ICP-MS -Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry-, qui nécessitent des prélèvements réduits mais donnent accès à un large spectre d'éléments. En Amérique andine (Colombie, Equateur) où les données sur la circulation de l'obsidienne étaient encore très limitées, nous avons apporté des données nouvelles sur les sources et commencé l' exploitation (PlXE, ICP) de plusieurs collections de pièces archéologiques préhispaniques. Les mesures par ICP ont permis une caractérisation plus complète des sources de la région. Nos résultats constituent la base de données la plus détaillée disponible à ce jour. Au Proche-Orient (Syrie, Turquie), nous avons apporté des informations sur cinq sites néolithiques de la moyenne vallée de l'Euphrate (10400-4500 ans av. J.-C). Nos résultats ICP confirment la prééminence de la Cappadoce comme source d'obsidienne au cours de cette période et l'émergence d'apports d'Anatolie orientale. Ils montrent aussi la difficulté de discriminer entre elles, par leurs compositions, plusieurs sources anatoliennes. En raison des difficultés de distinction entre sources, nous avons proposé l'utilisation d'une double caractérisation -composition chimique/datation par traces de fission- pour l'ensemble ColombielEquateur, et dans certains cas au Proche-Orient.

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Eizenhöefer, Paul Reinhold. « Subduction and closure of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean along the Solonker suture zone : constraints from an integrated sedimentary provenance analysis ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/211133.

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The Central Asian Orogenic Belt formed by accretion subsequent to the contraction of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean that ultimately disappeared along the Solonker Suture Zone in East Asia. Since typical regional collisional features are absent, the tectonic evolution of the suture remains speculative. Integrated sedimentary provenance analyses across the accretionary collision zone between the Mongolian Arcs and the North China Craton place new constraints on the events that led to final suturing. An investigation on the geochronological and geochemical variability in Permian strata along a southeast-northwest transect revealed distinct differences across the Solonker Suture Zone: northern basins carry a broad Mesoproterozoic to latest Precambrian age signature, and their provenance terranes are of mixed juvenile to crustal magmatic origin. In contrast, southern basins contain detritus from the North China Craton, and their sources are of dominantly crustal contaminated magmatic origin. Provenance analysis suggests, that in the Early Palaeozoic (ca. 429 Ma) the Palaeo-Asian Ocean was consumed along the Uliastai Arc and the North China Craton, initiating the formation of the Northern and Southern Accretionary Orogens, respectively. By the end of the Middle Carboniferous the Mongolian Arcs consolidated after accretion of the Uliastai Arc. In the Late Carboniferous (ca. 314 Ma) the Hegenshan back-arc basin opened, detaching the Northern Accretionary Orogen. While subduction continued there, it may have temporarily ceased along the Southern Accretionary Orogen after accretion of a microcontinent (ca. 300 Ma). During the Middle Permian back-arc basin closure led to the formation and obduction of the Hegenshan supra-subduction zone ophiolite. Eventually, the Palaeo-Asian Ocean closed after wedge-wedge collision, which would not involve continental deep subduction, thus, leading to cryptic suturing from the Late Permian to Early Triassic. Statistical analyses on the heterogeneity and similarity of the age probability density functions require a complex Permian palaeo-geographic setting, involving a variety of arc basins, which received sediments dependent on the contemporary arc geometry. Early stages of the sequence likely resembled a Pacific-type scenario, including Japan-type back-arc basin opening, whereas the late stages were similar to the archipelago-type setting of present-day Southeast Asia.
published_or_final_version
Earth Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Gallo, Filomena. « Glass in Northern Adriatic area from Roman to Medieval period : a geochemical approach for provenance and production technologies ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422513.

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Glass is one of the oldest materials produced and extensively used by man, thanks to its unique mechanical and chemical-physical properties. For these reasons it has a great importance in both archaeological and artistic fields. So far, notwithstanding the essential lines of development of glass production are known, there are still some particular ‘critical moments’ in the history of glass production. In this context the present work investigated the evolution of glass technology in a particular geographical area, the northern Adriatic Italy, which, for its peculiar position, had a central role in trades and acted as a commercial hub between the Mediterranean and the Padan and Transalpine area. The sample set, including a total of 178 glasses, covers a large chronological period (6th century BC-15th century AD) and comes from some of the most important sites in the period and in the area considered, such as Aquileia, Adria and Rocca di Asolo. Few samples coming from Tuscan sites (San Genesio, Pieve di Pava and Pieve di Coneo), similar in age and types to Aquileia glasses, were also analyzed, in order to have a comparison among eastern and western Italy. The analytical approach involved textural, mineralogical, chemical and isotopic (Sr, Nd, O) analyses and the results proved the complementarity of these techniques, suggesting that the preferred approach in investigation of ancient glasses should be the combined use of these methods. A substantial continuity in the use of the type of raw materials (siliceous-calcareous sand in addition to natron) from Pre-Roman period until early Middle Ages was testified, whereas a complete change in the use of flux is evident in High/Late Medieval glasses. The extraordinary consistency of natron glass here analyzed and the principal compositional groups widespread in Mediterranean sites tends to support the model of the localized production, organized in a small number of primary workshops which supplied raw glass to a great number of secondary workshops, where the glass was re-melted and shaped into objects. For what concerns the provenance of raw materials, the combination of isotopic and chemical data, together with archaeological evidence and literature data on both raw materials and glass from primary furnaces, suggests that the vast majority of Roman and Late Roman/early Medieval glasses analyzed in this study were likely produced in workshops located on the Syro-Palestinian and Egyptian coasts, although the use of primary sources located in western Mediterranean cannot be definitely excluded
Grazie alle sue peculiari caratteristiche meccaniche e chimico-fisiche, il vetro è uno dei materiali più antichi utilizzati dall’uomo e, per questa ragione, riveste una grande importanza sia in campo artistico che archeologico. Ad oggi, nonostante le principali linee di sviluppo della produzione vetraria siano state tracciate, permangono dei particolari ‘momenti problematici’ nella storia del vetro, connessi all’introduzione di nuove materie prime e/o nuove tecnologie di produzione. In questo contesto si inserisce il presente lavoro di ricerca, che ha indagato l’evoluzione della produzione vetraria in una specifica area, quella dell’Italia nord-adriatica la quale, grazie alla sua peculiare posizione geografica, ha svolto in passato un ruolo cruciale nei commerci, fungendo da connettore tra il Mediterraneo orientale e l’area padana e transalpina. La campionatura, oggetto di studio, proviene pertanto da alcuni dei più interessanti siti nord-adriatici (Aquileia, Adria, Rocca di Asolo); inoltre anche un piccolo gruppo di campioni provenienti da siti toscani (San Genesio, Pieve di Pava e Pieve di Coneo), cronologicamente e tipologicamente confrontabili con i reperti aquileiesi, è stato analizzato, al fine di rilevare eventuali analogie/differenze tra il versante adriatico e quello tirrenico. La cronologia dei campioni è molto ampia (VI a.C. -XV secolo d.C.), ma una particolare attenzione è stata rivolta ai reperti di periodo Romano e Tardo Antico. L’approccio analitico ha previsto analisi di tipo tessiturale, mineralogico, chimico e isotopico (Sr, Nd, O). I risultati hanno dimostrato la complementarietà di queste tecniche, indicando che il loro uso combinato costituisce l’approccio ideale per lo studio del vetro antico. Per quanto concerne la tipologia di materie prime impiegate nella produzione vetraria, è emersa una sostanziale continuità dal periodo Pre-Romano fino all’Altomedievo, caratterizzata dall’uso di sabbie siliceo-calcaree in aggiunta a natron, mentre per i vetri Bassomedievali si assiste ad un radicale cambiamento di fondente (ceneri sodiche). La sorprendente omogeneità chimica tra il vetro al natron analizzato nel presente studio e i principali gruppi composizionali riportati in letteratura supporta l’ipotesi che, almeno in epoca Romana e Tardo Antica, il vetro venisse prodotto in poche officine primarie, successivamente commercializzato in forma di pani di vetro grezzo e lavorato in officine secondarie sparse in tutto il Mediterraneo. A tale proposito, l’uso combinato dei dati chimici ed isotopici, supportati da dati di letteratura e da evidenze archeologiche, suggerisce che l’origine della maggior parte di tale vetro sia da collocarsi nel Mediterraneo orientale, in particolare sulle coste Siro-Palestinesi ed Egiziane, sebbene non possa totalmente escludersi anche l’uso di sorgenti di materie prime collocate nel Mediterraneo occidentale

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Barron-Majerik, Elizabeth. « Quantitative analysis of active compounds found in Arnica montana and Arnica chamissonis in relation to varied provenance, environmental and agronomic factors ». Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2011. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/quantitative-analysis-of-active-compounds-found-in-arnica-montana-and-arnica-chamissonis-in-relation-to-varied-provenance-environmental-and-agronomic-factors(1587f17d-7822-4c10-b687-5d1baaf09954).html.

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The northern hemisphere plant Arnica montana L. can be found across Europe on high alpine slopes with acidic soils. The flowers are well documented as a source of natural products, particularly, active compounds associated with anti-inflammatory properties. The high demand for this extract has meant that wild plant numbers have reduced dramatically and now in many countries, it is illegal to harvest A. Montana from the wild. As a result, flowers from the non-endangered A. chamissonis Less. Have been employed for the production of extracts with similar properties. A. montana and A. chamissonis were both grown during the period 2004 to 2007 in the North of Scotland (Orkney) in order to determine whether this environment was condusive to high yield. The qualitative and quantitative effects of weeding, fertiliser, mulch, seed source and species on yield were also studied. This research found that A. montana had high quality extract but was prone to crown rot and was less robust than initial trials suggested. Conversely, while A. chamissonis grew vigorously, the extract contained approximately a third of the sesquiterpene lactone content.

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Gasmi, Mehdi. « Analyse génotypique du rétrovirus HTLV-1 sous l'influence de l'origine géographique, des facteurs d'hôte et du traitement par l'AZT ». Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10031.

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Ibrahim, Diar Mohammed. « High-resolution sequence stratigraphy and detrital zircon provenance of the Ordovician Ancell Group in the Iowa and Illinois Basins : insight into the evolution of midcontinental intracratonic basins of North America ». Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3108.

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The Middle Ordovician Ancell Group, including the St. Peter Sandstone, Glenwood Shale and Starved Rock Formation, records intracontinental basin development during eustatic sea level changes in Iowa and Illinois. The St. Peter Sandstone overlies the Prairie du Chien Group across an erosional unconformity that marks a major sequence boundary, whereas upper contact of the St. Peter Sandstone with the Glenwood Shale also is a second sequence boundary. Data from 80 wells, selected well logs, and 20 cores were integrated to refine the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Ancell Group. Two main sequences bounded by three sequence boundaries are interpreted to represent 3rd order sequences. Distinctive shallowing-upward parasequences bounded by flooding surfaces in many cores record higher frequency relative sea level fluctuations in the Ancell Group, but these cannot presently be correlated regionally. Facies variations define an aggradational transgressive systems tract TST), a prograding highstand systems tract (HST) and down stepping falling stage system tract (FSST) in both the St. Peter Sandstone and the Glenwood Shale-Starved Rock Formation units. The St. Peter Sandstone thickens towards the northeast and thins to the northwest and southwest in Iowa. In contrast, the St. Peter Sandstone in Illinois thickens to the south likely recording a prolonged FSST incised valley or channel fill. Detrital zircon geochronology of 13 samples from the St. Peter Sandstone and Starved Rock Formation define common peaks at 1100-1500 Ma and 2500-2700 Ma with minor components at 1670-1750 Ma and 3000-3600 Ma. The detrital zircon signature is dominated by Archean, and Grenville (1000-1300 Ma) ages. The detrital zircon geochronology indicates that the Ancell Group was sourced directly from the Archean Superior Province to the north and Grenville Province to the northeast, although recycling of Archean grains from the Paleoproterozoic Huron Basin cannot be ruled out. The near complete lack of 1800-1900 Ma ages argues against derivation of detritus from the Trans-Hudson or Penokean Orogens. The Transcontinental Arch northwest of the Iowa Basin acted as a barrier to sediment transport from the Trans-Hudson Orogen. Basement rocks of the Penokean Orogen are inferred to have been covered by water or younger sediments southeast of the Iowa Basin. CIA analyses of Ordovician shale samples from around the Transcontinental Arch indicate that the climate condition during Middle Ordovician time was warm and humid. This is consistent with a paleoclimate interpretation where mechanical erosion and chemical weathering yielded first cycle mature quartz arenites (Witzke, 1980).

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Montpas, Stéphane. « Analyse de la biodégradation de composés nitroaromatiques par des micro-organismes provenant du sol ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0015/MQ53970.pdf.

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Krippner, Anne [Verfasser], Hilmar von [Akademischer Betreuer] Eynatten, Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Wörner et Guido [Akademischer Betreuer] Meinhold. « Application of Garnet in Sedimentary Provenance Analysis / Anne Krippner. Betreuer : Hilmar von Eynatten. Gutachter : Hilmar von Eynatten ; Gerhard Wörner ; Guido Meinhold ». Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107906706X/34.

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Guan, Wei. « Provenance analysis of Upper Permian-basal Triassic fluviallacustrine sedimentary rocks in the greater Turpan-Junggar Basin, southern Bogda Mountains, NW China ». Thesis, Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5178.

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The Tian Shan region was identified as the source of Permian fluvial-lacustrine fills in the greater Turpan-Junggar basin. Thin-section petrographic study of thirty-six fine to very coarse lithic arenites from Upper Permian-Basal Triassic Wutonggou low-order cycle suggests both distant Tian Shan and local intrabasinal rift shoulders were sources. Two petrofacies are identified on the basis of QFL composition. Petrofacies A (mean Q2F4L94, Qm2F4Lt94, Qm42P57K1, and Qp0Lv49Ls51) occurs in the lower Wutonggou low-order cycle, which is characterized by repetitive shifts between fluvial and deltaic depositional cycles. Petrofacies B (mean Q26F9L65, Qm17F9Lt74, Qm65P25K10, and Qp13Lv55Ls32) occurs in the upper Wutonggou low-order cycle, which is dominated by deltaic depositional cycles. Abundant mudrock and basaltic lithics in Petrofacies A suggest intrabasinal rift shoulders were the primary source for the lower Wutonggou low-order cycle. During the deposition of lower Wutonggou, the greater Turpan-Junggar Basin was probably composed of highly partitioned grabens and half-grabens, similar to the Quaternary Basin and Range Province of the western U.S. The abrupt increase in quartz and decrease in basaltic lithics, coupled with changes in paleocurrents and depositional style in the upper Wutonggou low-order cycle, suggest a different catchment with a larger drainage fed the Wutonggou lake. The grabens and half-grabens during the deposition of upper Wutonggou were more interconnected, receiving sediments derived from both distant Tian Shan and local rift shoulders. The documented data best support a rift model, but the underlying cause of rifting remains to be examined.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Geology.

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Simionato, Claudia <1993&gt. « Evoluzione delle aste d’arte a Londra nel XVIII secolo : analisi delle aggiudicazioni d'asta dai cataloghi londinesi del database Getty Provenance Index ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14156.

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La tesi esamina la nascita e l’evoluzione delle aste d'arte in Europa e si concentra sull'affermazione di un mercato organizzato e regolamentato a Londra tra il XVII e il XVIII secolo. In Epoca Moderna la capitale inglese diventa infatti uno dei principali punti di riferimento per la compravendita all’asta di dipinti con la nascita delle prime case d'asta. Grazie ai cataloghi messi a disposizione dal Getty Provenance Index Databases si analizzano inoltre i prezzi di aggiudicazione dei dipinti alle aste londinesi e l'evoluzione del collezionismo inglese nel corso del Settecento. Ad un'indagine per sotto periodi, si affiancano un confronto con il mercato parigino dell'epoca e un riepilogo aggregato del mercato delle aste di Londra.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Provenance analysi »

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