Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Prove legali »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Prove legali"
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Naidu, Suresh, Eric A. Posner, and Glen Weyl. "Potere datoriale nel mercato del lavoro e rimedi antitrust." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 170 (August 2021): 257–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2021-170005.
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Ricerche recenti mostrano come il potere datoriale nel mercato del lavoro abbia contribuito ad aumentare le diseguaglianze salariali e la stagnazione economica. Sebbene la legislazione anti-trust impedisca alle imprese di restringere la concorrenza nei mercati del lavoro come nei mer-cati del prodotto, il governo federale statunitense non ha fatto molto per affrontare il problema del mercato del lavoro, e le azioni legali sono state rare e in gran parte infruttuose. Una ragione è che le tecniche di analisi antitrust ideate per valutare il potere datoriale nel mercato del lavoro sono di gran lunga meno evolute rispetto alle regole ideate per stimare il potere (di mercato) nel mercato del prodotto. Per correggere questa asimmetria, il saggio individua una serie di metodi per stimare gli effetti delle concentrazioni nei mercati del lavoro. Gli Autori estendono poi que-sto approccio ad altre condotte anticoncorrenziali realizzate dai datori di lavoro nei confronti dei lavoratori. Da ultimo, il saggio evidenzia alcuni argomenti e prove che indicano come il potere di mercato possa essere addirittura più significativo nei mercati del lavoro che nei mer-cati del prodotto.
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Vovk, Victoria. ""Legal regulation" vs "legal regulation"." Scientific and informational bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law named after King Danylo Halytskyi, no. 12(24) (December 9, 2021): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33098/2078-6670.2021.12.24.17-21.
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The purpose of the study is to comprehend and define the substantive differences between the concepts and phenomena of legal rule-making and legal rule-making. The research methodology is represented by a set of philosophical and general scientific methods. Determinants of which are comparative and hermeneutic, as well as socio-cultural and axiological approaches. Results. It is shown that legal investigations’ conceptual and terminological accuracy is one of the foundations of qualitative research. It is proved that rigor and clarity in the application of the conceptual apparatus in legal research contribute to a fuller disclosure of the specifics of legal phenomena, and is also an indicator of the level of a philosophical and general culture of the researcher. Thus, the study will contribute to the improvement of the conceptual and terminological apparatus of the theory of law and philosophy of law. Scientific novelty. The paper proves that the concepts of "legal rule-making" and "legal rule-making" are not identical, but denote different, in essence, the processes of formation of legal norms. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further philosophical and theoretical-legal scientific research, preparation of special courses.
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Jurkeviča, Tatjana, and Kaspars Šmits. "BURDEN OF PROOF: PROCEDURAL UNDERSTANDING OF STANDARD OF PROOF." Administrative and Criminal Justice 3, no. 80 (2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v3i80.2788.
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Topicality of a subject-matter “Burden of proof: Procedural understanding of standard of proof” is based on ambiguous understanding of the standard of proof in legal practice, that is, of the moment when a fact is considered to be proven or unproven. Goal of an article is to research legal regulation of burden of proof in civil procedure, administrative 51ADMINISTRATĪVĀ UN KRIMINĀLĀ JUSTĪCIJA 2017 3 (80) procedure, administrative offence procedure and criminal procedure law and to determine standard of proof within each of these procedures. Burden of proof, or duty to prove claimed fact, is an essential element of any evidentiary proceedings. Determination of standard of proof is ambiguously understood issue in legal theory and especially in legal practice. Ambiguous understanding of standard of proof in legal practice may cause determination of unproven facts as proven or vice versa, or even lead to finding innocent persons as guilty. Authors, by researching burden of proof in mentioned proceedings, provides an explanation on legal aspects of its standards.
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Hamza, Muhammad Amir, and Dr Yasir Arfat. "Legal Effects of Need and Necessity in Commandments of Shari’ah: Study of Causes and Factors." ĪQĀN 3, no. 02 (2021): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36755/iqan.v3i02.279.
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Islam is the religion of mercy, compassion, convenience, and laxity. Allah does not burden a person beyond his capacity. Ease is the basis of all the commandments of Shari’ah, which is enforced through many instances in the Quran and Sunnah. Hence scholars consider Need and Necessity as formula and secondary sources of Fiqh to save people from travail, difficulty, and trouble. Effects of The Need and The Necessity on the commandments of Shari’ah occupy a wide range. Even some of the commandments relating to faith and prayers also affect the commandments of Shari’ah and become a cause of its modifications. There is no doubt that the Need and the Necessity cannot be included in the basics for commandments of Shari’ah. Although its effectiveness in all versions of fiqh is positively proven. And the evidence of disintegration is present in the ancient and modern problems of fiqh. However the difference lies in textual scripts and their validity, so the concept of the Need and the Necessity is proved by Shariah commandments as exceptional in this condition. Whereas non-textual scripts prove their validity in the commandments of Shariah. The Holy Quran and the Holy Sunnah are evident of their basic principles, however, various religious scholars have described several effects of the Need and the Necessity, on the commandments of Shari’ah.
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Intihar Marulc, Ana. "LEGAL CONTRIBUTION TOWARD A GREENER EUROPEAN UNION." Balkans Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (2022): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/balkans.jetss.2022.5.1.59-67.
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European Union has a diverse environment and recently the awareness of the importance of sustainable development has increased significantly. Subsequently, the greener and more sustainably oriented narratives have been used in documents and legislation produced by the European Union. The European institutions have established a legal framework to facilitate sustainable investments. Consequently, member states of the European Union have been implementing more sustainably prone legislation, but have chosen different legal approaches on how they will tackle the challenges associated with the adoption of more sustainably prone legislation. One of the successful ways how member states encourage more sustainable choices are tax abatements. This article compares and evaluates the best approaches by member states with better-developed tax abatements for sustainable choices and their results. The findings of this article are that various approaches have been developed and suggest how other countries can mirror proven ways towards improvement.
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Pavani, Giorgia. "Estudio constitucional y legal del modelo territorial italiano." Prolegómenos 9, no. 17 (2006): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/prole.2590.
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<p>El artículo 114 de la Constitución italiana, modificado en el 2001, establece que «la República está constituída por los Municipios, las Provincias, las Ciudades metropolitanas, las Regiones y el Estado». Para poder comprender mejor las diferentes tendencias de la descentralización, así como el estado actual de la materia en Italia, es necesario proporcionar, aunque en forma breve, algunas nociones históricas.</p><p>Desde la caída del imperio romano hasta 1861 1 Italia ha estado dividida; el territorio italiano durante muchos siglos fue dominado por diferentes potencias extranjeras: la Iglesia en el centro, los Bórbones en el sur, los austriacos y los franceses en el norte, y mucho antes todavía había sido invadida por los pueblos bárbaros. Sin embargo, las diferentes formas de dominación extranjera no pudieron eliminar el poder municipal que desde el medioevo y hasta el período de la Unificación de Italia siempre ha estado presente. La mayoría de las ciudades italianas (Florencia, Milán, etc.) estaban organizadas a nivel territorial en forma de Municipios con autonomía propia</p>
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Ariyadi, Franky. "Penerapan Business Judgement Rules Dalam Badan Usaha Milik Negara Studi Kasus PT Asuransi Jiwasraya." Indonesian Journal of Law and Policy Studies 1, no. 1 (2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/ijlp.v1i1.2635.
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In the case of PT Asuransi Jiwasraya, the company’s management decision caused the company to suffer a loss. To prove whether the Business Judgement Rulr can be used to protect the decisions that have been made, surely it must proven first: how the decision process is made, both from the legal aspects of the company and the criteria for the Business Judgement Rule.
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Faraj, Saeed bin Ahmad Salih. "??? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????: ????? ??????? ??????? Naq? al Istidl?l bi Ithb?t ‘annahu U'wwalu i’la al Ma??l ‘ind al U??liyy?n: Dir?sah Ta?l?liyyah Ta?b?qiyyah." Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 6, no. 2 (2021): 93–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.36476/jirs.6:2.12.2021.13.
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This research aims to prove the Islamic Jurists rule “Naq? al Istidl?l bi Ithb?t ‘annahu U'wwalu i’la al Ma??l”. The main research problem lies in the “Ma??l”, its limits, types, and ways of proving it. The researcher adopted the comparative-analytical inductive approach. After collection of the research material from the basic sources, explanation of Ma??l, and analysis of the material was done by classifying it into rational and legal, and then the theoretical side on both applications was dropped to know the claim of the ma??l for invoking analogy, and its fixations in Shar?’ah. The research concludes that this rule is used by scholars, and no one violated it. The legal impossible has ways by which it is known, i.e; every rational impossible is a legal impossibility, everything that contradicts the absolutes of the law is from the legal impossibility, and anything that contradicts a legal ruling that has been proven to be perpetuated is legally impossible. Moreover, all claims of impossibility of invoking analogy in Islamic law are neither proven nor valid, as well as all claims of impossibility of substitution in Shar?’ah.
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Rivanie, Syarif Saddam, Slamet Sampurno Soewondo, Nur Azisa, Muhammad Topan Abadi, and Ismail Iskandar. "The Application of Imprisonment to Kleptomaniacs: A Case Studies of Court Decision." SIGn Jurnal Hukum 4, no. 1 (2022): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i1.169.
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This study aims to examine and analyze the Judge’s application of imprisonment to kleptomaniacs based on Decision No. 574/Pid.B/2019/PN.Dps. This study uses a normative juridical research method. The data was collected using literature study techniques on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The collected legal material is then analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods with a statute approach and a case approach which will then conclude the object of the research. The results show that the Judge’s application of imprisonment to the accused is based on Decision No. 574/Pid.B/2019/PN.Dps was the right decision. In this case, the problem of kleptomania currently ongoing in court should be proven with a Psychiatric Visum et Repertum. While the Letter of Statement No. 01/II.MR/RSPI/2019 cannot be the basis for the implementation of eliminating punishment. To determine that a person has kleptomania must undergo a process of examination for a minimum of two weeks to three months. Therefore, it is recommended that investigators provide the opportunity or take the initiative to prove the suspect’s mental condition before being processed to the following legal proof stage. So no more accused who prove their status as kleptomaniacs using the letter of statement. The Judge is also recommended to decide by giving measures sanction to the accused if proven to have kleptomania to avoid the recurrence of the crime of theft in the future.
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Wardhani, Shinta Novi. "Kekuatan Hukum Sertifikat Hak Atas Tanah Dikaitkan Dengan Kepastian Hukum Dalam Pendaftaran Tanah." Al-Qanun: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pembaharuan Hukum Islam 21, no. 1 (2018): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/alqanun.2018.21.1.61-85.
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This paper is to examine two matters, firstly, the legal power of the land title certificate is related to legal certainty in land registration, and, secondly, legal remedies undertaken to ensure legal certainty in land affairs. At the end of this paper, it is concluded that: first, the legal power of the land title certificate is a guarantee of legal certainty from the certificate as a proof of ownership which is strong, provided that it is not proven otherwise by others who feel entitled and have evidence to prove it. And, secondly, the efforts to be taken to guarantee legal certainty in the land sector carried out by the Government-in this case the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial-, are issuing land title certificates based on three principles, namely: (1) the principle of certainty law, (2) the principles of accuracy, and (3) the principle of security, for the sake of the enforcement of legal force and legal certainty of issued certificates.
Thèses sur le sujet "Prove legali"
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AGRÌ, ALESSANDRO. "La giustizia criminale a Mantova in età asburgica: il Supremo Consiglio di Giustizia (1750-1786)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/104537.
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Hapsburg age marks a new outset and at the same time a definitive sunset of a Lombard Court, called Supremo Consiglio di Giustizia di Mantova. His criminal sentences represent a privileged observatory for a deepened study based on criminal phenomenon, on criminal apparatus operation, and on justice administration in Mantova. Ius commune system was characterize by a variegated law source mosaic, and the plurality of law levels. This system must face lot of law blanks, that inevitably required subjectivity. This arbitrium permit the surfacing of crime circumstances profile, psychological and tangible elements that characterize the felony, influencing punishment. In many trials come to light subjective element of negligence and, as defence cause, legitimate self-defence. Others elements contribute to modify punishment, as aggravanting factor of locus commissi delicti, tempus commissi delicti, the relationship between guilty and victim, consuetudo delinquendi, atrocious crimes, that required a more cruel execution. By processual point of view it will be extensively analysed evidences subject, consequence of doctrine interpretative work and in practice, judge prerogative. Criminal emergency and the fear of the omnipresent thief, assassin, and robber, appears also in those particular instruments called specialia in procedendo, a real ordo iudiciarius waiver, to stem atrociores (incurable delinquent). Process could be delayed or even stopped by remissio of victim, or by the guilty claim of ius asyli. It’s fundamental the topic of grace, instrument hard to categorize, because of his ambiguity and evading that characterize his nature. Grace is the only way for the sentenced to avoid execution or to ask a sentence reduction or to change the punishment inflicted into other kind of penalty. The study of grace shows a double-face justice: merciless and compassionate togheter. A system trying to fix errors with the examples, with augmented bloody executions, but ready to give forgiveness those who redeem themselves.
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Tamacoldi, Rebecca <1991>. "Nuovi legami nel welfare locale. Prove di innovazione sociale nel Casalasco." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9638.
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L'elaborato andrà ad analizzare le iniziative di innovazione sociale che stanno coinvolgendo il distretto di Casalmaggiore in provincia di Cremona.
Dallo studio della normativa regolante il welfare a livello nazionale e poi locale si passerà all'analisi dei casi studio osservati durante l'attività di tirocinio professionalizzante.
Verranno valorizzati i nuovi approcci di progettazione sociale e l'utilizzo di nuove tipologie di fundraising per la pianificazione sul territorio.
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Menezes, Paula Oliveira Bezerra de. "Novos rumos da prova pericial." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6579.
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A autora parte da premissa de que a prova pericial dá ensejo a equívocos e, por isso, sua produção deve ser rigorosamente controlada. A partir do enfoque histórico, a autora demonstra como a separação de questões de fato e de direito serve de instrumento ao controle judicial da prova pericial, que deve ser promovido desde a fase da admissibilidade a da valoração, sempre levando em consideração o debate real entre as partes. A autora dedicou grande parte da pesquisa ao estudo do direito probatório da common law, aos precedentes Frye, Daubert, Joiner e Kumho, bem como a outros casos marcantes, para fundamentar seu entendimento de que é tão importante o exame da admissibilidade da prova, como da sua valoração. O controle em todas as etapas da prova pericial, possível de lege lata no Brasil, visa à obtenção de prova idônea, sem a qual não é possível chegar a um resultado legítimo amparado em dados racionais.<br>The author understands that the expert evidence can give rise to judicial errors and thus, its production should be firmly controlled. Starting from a historical perspective the author shows how the separation of questions of fact and of law affect the procedures and can be used in support of the judicial control of expert evidence, which should be pursued since its admissibility through its evaluation, always considering the real debate between the parties. The author researched the Law of Evidence typical from the common law, the precedents Frye, Daubert, Joiner and Kumho, as well as other remarkable cases to ground its understanding for the relevance of the examination of the admissibility of the evidence and its proper evaluation. The control suggested, possible de lege lata in Brazil, aims at obtaining reliable proof. Without such reliable proof it is not possible to reach a legitimate result, based on rational data, in civil procedure court disputes.
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Sakkas, Symeon. "Prove di caratterizzazione meccanica del legame di adesione fra FRP ed acciaio." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/190/.
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Il progresso nella tecnica di recupero e di rinforzo nelle strutture metalliche con i polimeri fibro-rinforzati FRP (fibre reinforced polymers).
1.1 Introduzione nelle problematiche ricorrenti delle strutture metalliche.
Le strutture moderne di una certa importanza, come i grattacieli o i ponti, hanno tempi e costi di costruzione molto elevati ed è allora di importanza fondamentale la loro durabilità, cioè la lunga vita utile e i bassi costi di manutenzione; manutenzione intesa anche come modo di restare a livelli prestazionali predefiniti.
La definizione delle prestazioni comprende la capacità portante, la durabilità, la funzionalità e l’aspetto estetico. Se il livello prestazionale diventa troppo basso, diventa allora necessario intervenire per ripristinare le caratteristiche iniziali della struttura.
Strutture con una lunga vita utile, come per la maggior parte delle strutture civili ed edilizie, dovranno soddisfare esigenze nuove o modificate: i mezzi di trasporto ad esempio sono diventati più pesanti e più diffusi, la velocità dei veicoli al giorno d'oggi è aumentata e ciò comporta anche maggiori carichi di tipo dinamico.
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Martins, André Felipe Saide. "A prova do fato jurídico tributário." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7690.
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Previous issue date: 2007-10-26<br>This paper examines the evidence of the tax legal fact. To such purpose, the first chapter studies the characteristics of the tax legal fact as a type of legal fact. Considering that Law only exists when language is present, i.e., Law only exists when it can be translated into competent language, by means of evidence; it was indispensable to insert elements of Legal Philosophy. As a sequence, in the field of General Law Theory, the fact is qualified as a legal fact and then is classified. Following, the role of general and abstract rule of law is explained, as well as the role of individual and concrete rule of law in the formation of the tax legal fact. In order to obtain an adequate treatment for the legal analysis of the evidence, in the second chapter matters that are directly related to the evidence of a tax legal fact were selected. The concept of evidence was identified, and the sense of the word truth for Law was interpreted, as well as defining the evidence proceeding, without forgetting the means of evidence. It was necessary for the researcher to study in detail the evidence of the tax legal fact. To be coherent with the premises established in the first two chapters, without which the third could not be developed, the researcher tried to answer the main questions about the matter, mainly regarding how to prove the tax legal fact, extracting conclusions based on the fundamental principles of the Federal Constitution, in compliance to the jurisprudence adopted by administrative and judicial entities<br>Este trabalho versa sobre a prova do fato jurídico tributário. A esse respeito, foram estudadas, no primeiro capítulo, as características do fato jurídico tributário como espécie de fato jurídico. Partindo do pressuposto de que só há Direito onde houver linguagem, ou seja, de que para o Direito só existe aquilo que é vertido em linguagem competente, por meio de provas, foi indispensável inserir elementos de Filosofia do Direito. Em seguida, no campo da Teoria Geral do Direito, qualificamos o fato como fato jurídico, classificando-o. A partir daí, esclarecemos a função da norma geral e abstrata, bem como o papel da norma individual e concreta na formação do fato jurídico tributário. Para um tratamento adequado à análise jurídica da prova, procuramos, no segundo capítulo, selecionar as questões diretamente relacionadas com a prova do fato jurídico tributário. Identificamos o conceito de prova, interpretamos o sentido do signo verdade para o Direito e definimos o procedimento probatório, sem olvidar os meios de prova. Foi necessário que a pesquisa se adentrasse na prova do fato jurídico tributário. Coerentes com as premissas fixadas nos dois primeiros capítulos, sem as quais não poderíamos desenvolver o terceiro, procuramos responder às questões centrais sobre o tema, principalmente à de como provar o fato jurídico tributário, extraindo nossas conclusões com lastro em princípios fundamentais da Constituição Federal, conforme a jurisprudência encampada pelos órgãos administrativos e judiciais
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Savina, Elena. "Vocabulaire juridique en tant que ressource stylistique dans la prose de Georges Simenon." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040051.
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La thèse porte sur l’étude de l’emploi stylistique du lexique juridique français dans la prose de Georges Simenon. Il existe un nombre considérable d’ouvrages consacrés à la terminologie juridique, aux concepts de loi et de crime, au comportement discursif des avocats, à l’analyse linguistique des textes de lois, aux problèmes de la traduction du lexique juridique, à l’interférence linguistique, à l’étude des particularités pragmatiques, structurelles et sémantiques des textes des traités, et ainsi de suite. Dans notre thèse, le lexique juridique est étudié du point de vue de la stylistique, ce qui constitue sa nouveauté théorique aussi bien que pratique. Dans le premier chapitre, nous examinons certains termes d’appartenance juridique exclusive selon le classement de Gérard Cornu et nous montrons qu’une sixième partie d’entre eux sont susceptibles, au moins potentiellement, d’acquérir des sens figurés. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous étudions 53 termes juridiques utilisés par Georges Simenon au sens figuré décrivant de différentes situations de la vie courante, qui, dans la plupart des cas, ne sont pas liées au droit. Dans le troisième chapitre nous analysons, du point de vue opposé, les figures stylistiques employées pour caractériser de différentes situations juridiques présentes dans la prose de Georges Simenon. Ainsi, même si ces figures stylistiques sont relativement peu nombreuses, les recherches effectuées montrent que Georges Simenon, malgré son intention affichée, n’est pas parvenu à éliminer complètement les figures stylistiques, un des éléments constitutifs essentiels du langage poétique<br>Our thesis concerns studies of the stylistic use of the French legal vocabulary in Georges Simenon’s prose. In fact, legal terminology, concepts of law and crime, discursive behavior of lawyers, texts of laws, problems of legal translation, those of linguistic interference, those of pragmatic, structural and semantic peculiarities of the language of international agreements, for instance, were examined by different linguists. So, contemporary linguistics are interested in studying legal terminology from different points of view. On the other hand, during the last decades, linguostylistic studies are also developing very quickly. In our thesis, legal terminology is studied from the point of view of stylistics, and this approach constitutes its’ theoretical and practical novelty. In the first chapter we examine some terms belonging exclusively to legal terminology, in accordance with Gerard Cornu’s classification, and we show that in reality approximately one sixth part of them can acquire, at least potentially, some figural meanings. In the second chapter, we study 53 legal terms used by Georges Simenon in their figural meaning to describe different situations from everyday life which, in the most of cases, are not associated with legal situations. In the third chapter we analyze, from the opposite point of view, stylistic figures used to characterize different legal situations presented in Georges Simenon’s prose. To summarize, even if these figures are relatively small in number, our thesis shows that the writer, in spite of his artistic intention, was not able to eliminate them completely and that they remain one of the most important elements of the poetical language
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Maia, Gretha Leite. "O procedimento probatório nos novos modelos processuais." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2001. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/12454.
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MAIA, Gretha Leite.O procedimento probatório nos novos modelos processuais. 2001. 147 f.: Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Fortaleza-CE, 2001.<br>Submitted by Natália Maia Sousa (natalia_maia@ufc.br) on 2015-05-26T16:19:32Z
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Previous issue date: 2001<br>This work is research object of the acertamento fact issue as an antecedent of by courts through an evidentiary procedure. The theme of the evidence, throughout this research , proved to be multidisciplinary : it involves the necessary analysis of philosophical , psychological, legal , sociological and numerous other sciences , each with its different scientific methods and their particular principles , which made research rather exciting , but it also revealed difficulties in operating order.<br>O presente trabalho tem como objeto de pesquisa o acertamento da questão de fato como um antecedente da prestação da tutela jurisdicional, através de um procedimento probatório. O tema das provas, ao longo desta investigação, revelou-se multidisplinar: envolve a necessária análise de aspectos filosóficos, psicológicos, jurídicos, sociológicos e de inúmeras outras ciências, cada uma com seus diferentes métodos científicos e seus particulares princípios, o que tornou a pesquisa assaz instigante, embora também tenha revelado dificuldades de ordem operacional.
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Monteiro, Marli. "O prontuário odontológico como categoria jurídica da propriedade intelectual e o cumprimento da função social previsto na Constituição Federal do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25144/tde-03092015-103227/.
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A propriedade intelectual tem merecido destaque nas discussões atuais, trazendo à reflexão as considerações sobre o que efetivamente pode-se considerar propriedade intelectual e científica, pelo destacado valor que se dá ao texto como registro de idéias e de organização do pensamento, bem como meio de difusão dos saberes produzido. O que aqui se propõe é refletir, com base na legislação brasileira, sobre o que efetivamente pode-se considerar como resultado do esforço intelectual de um pesquisador ou produtor, na área da ciência, mais precisamente no âmbito da Odontologia e o que constitui dados do paciente. O prontuário odontológico tem o domínio pertencente ao paciente, como estabelece o Código de Ética Odontológica (2013). No entanto, por expressar o conhecimento do profissional, suas conclusões, e meio de prova em eventuais demandas judiciais, esse registro é fundamental para a construção de um diálogo entre os diversos produtores do conhecimento e seus destinatários. Por ter uma função social, como preconizado pela Constituição Federal do Brasil, é preciso que a Sociedade tenha acesso às descobertas científicas e à produção dos Cirurgiões-Dentistas, sem que suas idéias permaneçam trancadas em arquivos. Exige-se, na atualidade, que seja destacada a parte que compõe o registro de dados pessoais do paciente, e aquilo que é registro do profissional e construção intelectual deste, evitando-se assim que a criação e produção intelectiva do profissional estejam na propriedade de outrem e não do seu criador.<br>Intellectual property has been featured in the current discussions, bringing to reflection about what considerations effectively can be considered scientific and intellectual property, by the highlighted value that gives the text as a record of ideas and organization of thought as well as a means of disseminating the knowledge produced. What is proposed here is to reflect, on the basis of the Brazilian legislation, about what actually can be considered as a result of intellectual effort of a researcher or producer, in the area of science, more precisely in the context of dentistry and what constitutes patient data. However, by expressing the professional knowledge, their conclusions and evidence in any litigation, this record is fundamental to the construction of a dialogue between the various producers of knowledge and their recipients. To have a social function, as advocated by the Federal Constitution of Brazil, the society has access to scientific discoveries and the production of dentists, without which his ideas remain locked in archives. If required, at the present time, which highlighted the part that composes the personal data of the patient record, and that record of professional and intellectual construction of this to avoid that the creation and production of intellective property of others are professional and not its creator.
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Bechara, Fábio Ramazzini. "Cooperação jurídica internacional em matéria penal: eficácia da prova produzida no exterior." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-23112010-101628/.
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O objetivo desta tese é demonstrar que a maior eficácia da prova produzida no exterior e a maior eficiência da cooperação jurídica internacional estão associadas ao padrão normativo universal dos direitos humanos, que possibilita a superação do principal entrave que é a diversidade entre os sistemas jurídicos nacionais. A Declaração Universal de 1948 constitui o grande referencial histórico na construção do padrão normativo universal dos direitos humanos. O movimento de difusão e consolidação do padrão normativo universal dos direitos humanos deu-se através dos processos de internacionalização e constitucionalização, traduzido num esforço de harmonização, em que se buscou estabelecer uma relação de equivalência e semelhança entre os sistemas, respeitada a diversidade que particulariza cada um destes. A aceitação do modelo normativo universal dos direitos humanos repercute no processo penal, seja na atividade probatória como no instrumento processual da assistência jurídica internacional. Na atividade probatória, o padrão dos direitos humanos manifesta-se pelo modelo de processo justo, que representa o marco comum entre os sistemas jurídicos nacionais que o incorporaram, inclusive o brasileiro, sendo suficiente a sua observância para que a eficácia da prova seja idoneamente alcançada. Na cooperação jurídica internacional, o padrão dos direitos humanos qualifica-se como o pressuposto para a maior confiança entre os Estados que o adotam, possibilitando a revisão do modelo tradicional e a adoção de formas mais ágeis e diretas de assistência. Nesse contexto, o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro impõe um novo tratamento normativo do instituto da cooperação jurídica internacional para a produção de prova, levando-se em consideração a tendência internacionalista assumida a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, seja por reconhecer a ordem internacional como um dos fundamentos do Estado Democrático brasileiro, seja por eleger os direitos humanos e a cooperação entre os povos para o progresso da humanidade como princípios a reger as suas relações internacionais.<br>The aim of the thesis is demonstrate that the effectiveness of the evidence obtained abroad and the efficiency of the international legal assistance are related to the universal legal standard of human rights, which allows a response for the diversity between national legal systems. The Universal Charter of 1948 is the main marc in the process of building the universal legal standard of human rights. The movement of diffusion and consolidation of the universal legal standard of human rights is related to the process of internationalization, either in the constitutional level, which work was an effort of harmonization, in a way of introducing the same values, not the same rules, in the national legal systems, considering the diversity of each one. The acceptance of the universal legal model of human rights affects the procedural criminal law, even the evidence and the international legal assistance. Regarding the evidence the universal legal standard of human rights means the fair trial model, a connection between the national legal systems that introduced this model, either the Brazilian legal order, which is enough to guarantee the effectiveness of the evidence. Regarding the international legal assistance the universal legal standard of human rights means the basis for more confidence between the states that adopt this one, and which allows a revision of the traditional model and the use of different ways of cooperation, faster and direct. In this sense, the Brazilian legal system obeys a new legal model of international assistance to obtain evidence abroad, considering the international tendency affirmed by Federal Constitution of 1988, which recognizes the international order in the basis of the Brazilian Democratic State, and the human rights and the cooperation for the progress of humanity as principles to guide its international relationship.
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Marcantonio, Luiza Monachini. "Morte violenta criminosa, com acometimento da região de face, cabeça e pescoço : levantamento e análise de processos, laudos periciais e dados epidemiológicos /." Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153940.
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Orientador: Monica da Costa Serra<br>Resumo: Nos processos criminais muitas vezes o magistrado precisa do aporte técnico de um expert no assunto relacionado ao crime sub judice para a aplicação da sanção penal. O proferimento da sentença, embasado em laudo de excelente qualidade, assegura ao processo o devido cumprimento da Justiça. A região de face, cabeça e pescoço costuma ser alvo daqueles que procuram lesionar ou mesmo matar suas vítimas. Não há estudos que analisem processos, laudos periciais e dados epidemiológicos de casos de mortes violentas, em que tenha havido acometimento da região de face, cabeça e pescoço. Assim, com tal objetivo, propomos a realização deste estudo. Para isto foram levantadas, primeiramente, decisões de segunda instância de processos criminais originários do Estado de São Paulo, no período de 2012 a setembro de 2017, de casos de morte violenta em que face, cabeça e pescoço tivessem sido acometidos. Foi utilizada a ferramenta de consulta de jurisprudência do site do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo. Foram incluídas nesta pesquisa as comarcas cuja competência para realização dos exames periciais é do Instituto Médico Legal de Araraquara-SP. Os acórdãos foram lidos e selecionados os que tratavam de homicídio, lesão corporal seguida de morte e latrocínio consumados. Os laudos periciais correspondentes aos processos levantados foram buscados no IML de Araraquara. Essa busca resultou em 49 laudos, que foram analisados. Observou-se que a maioria das vítimas de homicídio e latrocínio era homem, bra... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: In criminal lawsuits, the judge often needs the technical input of an expert on the subject related to the crime, for the application of the penal sanction. The delivery of the decision, based on a report of excellent quality, ensures to the lawsuit the due enforcement of justice. The face, head and neck region is often targeted by those who seek to injure or even to kill their victims. There are no studies that analyze lawsuits, expert reports and epidemiological data of cases of violent deaths, in which there has been involvement of the face, head and neck region. Thus, with this objective, we propose this study. For this purpose, we searched decisions of the second instance of criminal cases originated in State of São Paulo, from 2012 to September 2017, in cases of violent death in which the face, head and neck were affected. We used the consultation jurisprudence tool of the website of the Court of Justice of São Paulo. We included in this research the counties whose competence to perform the expert examinations is from the Institute of Legal Medicine (IML) of Araraquara-SP. The decisions were read and those related to consumated homicide, body injury followed by death and robbery followed by death were selected. The expert reports corresponding to the selected cases were searched in the IML of Araraquara. This search resulted in 49 reports, which were analyzed. We observed that the majority of homicide and robbery victims were male, white, under 40 years of age and of lo... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
Livres sur le sujet "Prove legali"
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Melbourne University Law Review Association., ed. Australian guide to legal citation. 2nd ed. Melbourne University Law Review Association, 2002.
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Bezhent︠s︡y v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave. "Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenii︠a︡", 2006.
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Contract drafting: Powerful prose in transactional practice. American Bar Association, 2010.
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Espenschied, Lenné Eidson. Contract drafting: Powerful prose in transactional practice. American Bar Association, 2010.
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Contract drafting: Powerful prose in transactional practice. American Bar Association, 2015.
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Stream, Arnold C. Until proven guilty: A novel. Scarborough House, 1991.
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Sidorenko, Ė L. Chastnye nachala v ugolovnom prave. Izd-vo R. Aslanova, 2007.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Prove legali"
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Fang, Youlin, Heng Wang, and Dongqing Yang. "Avoiding Error-Prone Reordering Optimization During Legal Systems Migration." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11546924_4.
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Schwarz, L. E., E. Kattner, V. Mauer, V. Schneider, and H. Pöche. "Comparison between the Consanguinity Determination by a Multi-Locus Probe and Three Single-Locus Probes." In Acta Medicinæ Legalis Vol. XLIV 1994. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79523-7_30.
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Fletcher, George P., and Shachar Eldar. "A Probe into the Soul of Israeli Criminal Law." In The Quest for Core Values in the Application of Legal Norms. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78953-4_13.
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Fernández-Fernández, I., A. Castro, S. Alonso, et al. "Frequency Database for the D2S44 Locus Using Dig-Labeled YNH24 Probe in the Basque Country Population." In Acta Medicinæ Legalis Vol. XLIV 1994. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79523-7_21.
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Nowak-Far, Artur. "The Rule of Law Framework in the European Union: Its Rationale, Origins, Role and International Ramifications." In Defending Checks and Balances in EU Member States. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62317-6_12.
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AbstractAt present, the European rule of law enforcement framework under Article 7 TEU (RLF) is vulnerable to unguaranteed, discretionary influences of the Member States. This vulnerability arises from its procedural format which requires high thresholds in decision-making with the effect that this procedure is prone to be terminated by the EU Member States likely to be scrutinized under it, if only they collude. Yet, the Framework may prove effective to correct serious breaches against human rights (in the context of ineffective rule of law standards). The European Commission is bound to pursue the RLF effectiveness for the sake of achieving relative uniformity of application of EU law (at large), and making the European Union a credible actor and co-creator of international legal order. The RLF is an important tool for the maintenance of relative stability of human rights and the rule of law in the EU despite natural divergence propensity resulting from the procedural autonomy of the EU Member States. By achieving this stability, the EU achieves significant political weight in international dialogue concerning human rights and the rule of law and preserves a high level of its global credibility in this context. Thus, RLF increases the EU’s effectiveness in promoting the European model of their identification and enforcement.
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Jalis, Asim. "Probe Tests: A Strategy for Growing Automated Tests around Legacy Code." In Extreme Programming and Agile Methods — XP/Agile Universe 2002. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45672-4_12.
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Tzortzatou, Olga, Santa Slokenberga, Jane Reichel, et al. "Biobanking Across Europe Post-GDPR: A Deliberately Fragmented Landscape." In GDPR and Biobanking. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49388-2_22.
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AbstractThis chapter seeks to provide insight into the ways in which Member States leveraged the regulatory discretion afforded to them by the GDPR. Specifically, it reviews the biobank regulatory environment; whether and how derogations under Article 89(2) GDPR are enabled; the legal basis for scientific research and the role of consent in biobanking post-GDPR; the balance between individual rights and public interest in national law; and finally, the GDPR’s impact and future possibilities for biobanking. In exercising self-determination, Member States can, to a certain extent, align data protection requirements with their values and aspirations. Such alignment, though, could jeopardize collaborative research. In light of the need to bridge divergent legal and ethical requirements at a national and supranational level, the role of Research Ethics Committees (RECs) might prove to be essential.
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Mrazova, Andrea. "Legal Requirements to Prove Asylum Claims Based on Sexual Orientation: A Comparison Between the CJEU and ECtHR Case Law." In LGBTI Asylum Seekers and Refugees from a Legal and Political Perspective. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91905-8_10.
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Riedel, Monika, and Andreas Chmielowski. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Austria." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_2.
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Abstract The Austrian social security system covers a broad range of social risks, most of them via a compulsory social insurance system that usually ties eligibility to current or former legal employment. Nationality is of minor importance once legal employment has been achieved and, for tax-financed benefits like child benefits and minimum-income guarantee, legal residence in Austria can be proven. With almost one of five employees in Austria being foreign-born, Austria ranks high in terms of foreign participation on the labour market. While reforms under the previous Government were aimed at restricting migrants’ access to (full) benefits, it is open if the coalition formed in January 2020 will pursue a more moderate path in this regard.
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"Legal-Probe." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_301028.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Prove legali"
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Paulino-Passos, Guilherme, and Francesca Toni. "Monotonicity and Noise-Tolerance in Case-Based Reasoning with Abstract Argumentation." In 18th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2021}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2021/48.
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Recently, abstract argumentation-based models of case-based reasoning (AA-CBR in short) have been proposed, originally inspired by the legal domain, but also applicable as classifiers in different scenarios. However, the formal properties of AA-CBR as a reasoning system remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we focus on analysing the non-monotonicity properties of a regular version of AA-CBR (that we call AA-CBR_>). Specifically, we prove that AA-CBR_> is not cautiously monotonic, a property frequently considered desirable in the literature. We then define a variation of AA-CBR_> which is cautiously monotonic. Further, we prove that such variation is equivalent to using AA-CBR_> with a restricted casebase consisting of all "surprising" and "sufficient" cases in the original casebase. As a by-product, we prove that this variation of AA-CBR_> is cumulative, rationally monotonic, and empowers a principled treatment of noise in "incoherent" casebases. Finally, we illustrate AA-CBR and cautious monotonicity questions on a case study on the U.S. Trade Secrets domain, a legal casebase.
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Шумилина, Вера, Vera Shumilina, Юлия Коптева, Yulia Kopteva, Сатине Тевосян, and Satin Tevosyan. "MAJOR PROBLEMS OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION PROTECTION AND THE WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION." In Modern problems of an economic safety, accounting and the right in the Russian Federation. AUS PUBLISHERS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/conferencearticle_5c5060d2f3afe7.25271992.
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The authors disclose the basic concepts of this topic, prove the relevance, consider the types of threats to confidential information and methods of protection, both legal and organizational, presented an algorithm for creating a system for protecting confidential information.
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Reinfelds, Vadims. "Konstitucionālo tiesību aizskārumi tiesu praksē par mantas atzīšanu par noziedzīgi iegūtu." In Latvijas Universitātes 80. starptautiskā zinātniskā konference. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.41.
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Analysis of non-conviction based asset forfeiture laws, policies and court decisions leads to a conclusion that the fundamental human right to property is violated on a systemic scale – standards of proof fall below standard of preponderance of evidence established by current Criminal Law, leading to confiscation of assets without a proof of true criminal origin. Meanwhile, the proof of the criminal origin of assets in most cases is neither linked to the existence of a predicate crime, nor to the traceability of assets from such crime. De facto, in most cases the only sufficient ground for asset forfeiture is a transactional activity match to suspicious transaction methodology by FIU – the lowest possible level of standard of proof, not reaching even the standards of reasonable suspicion or probable cause. Moreover, it is made difficult to prove the legal origin of the property, restricting admission of evidence of legality, as well as presuming “that there should be no difficulty in proving legitimate origin”, regardless of the asset size, transaction history and objective capabilities of the owner.
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Arisholm, Erik, and Lionel C. Briand. "Predicting fault-prone components in a java legacy system." In the 2006 ACM/IEEE international symposium. ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1159733.1159738.
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Vučinić, Dejan. "ZNAČAJ INSTITUCIJE OMBUDSMANA U ZAŠTITI LjUDSKIH PRAVA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI – SA POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA LOKALNOG OMBUDSMANA." In XVIII Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xviiimajsko.743v.
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The protection of human rights in democratic societies has long been recognized as one of the basic principles on which orderly states and states characterized by the rule of law are based. However, today more than ever we see the potential of global social movements (especially current ones) produced by various factors (pandemics, crises, wars ...) to turn states in the direction of totalitarianism, which increasingly restrict and often endanger human freedoms and rights. In that sense, the strengthened control of the administration and the protection and guarantee of human rights through the institution of the ombudsman or similar institutions, has proven to be successful so far, to a sufficient extent that this institution has a significant number of states today. Accessibility to citizens, the duration of the procedure and, ultimately, the authority of the institution that imposes itself when it comes to acting on ombudsman decisions, are just some of the reasons why more and more citizens seek protection of their rights and legality in the procedure before the ombudsman. ordinary court proceedings. The paper will analyze the legal nature of the ombudsman institution, the issue of its powers and attitudes towards public administration entities, as well as the issue of the local ombudsman, ie the results of his work, especially having in mind the legal "possibility", not the obligation to establish a local ombudsman. local governments - cities and municipalities.
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Vučković, Jelena. "VIDOVDANSKI USTAV – SIMBOL (NE)JEDINSTVA PRVE JUGOSLOVENSKE DRŽAVE." In 100 GODINA OD VIDOVDANSKOG USTAVA. Faculty of law, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/zbvu21.107v.
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In the paper, the author analyzes one of the basic starting points of the theory of constitutional law, according to which the constitution as the highest formal legal act simultaneously represents a symbol of unity and vitality of a state, a sign of its identity and a factor of social integration. If it succeeds in constituting a legal and socio-political order, the constitution has its future. From the aspect of such a theoretical definition, the Vidovdan Constitution has only partially fulfilled its function. Created three years after the unification into a common state of peoples of the same ethnic, but completely different cultural, religious, economic and historical origin, it has become more a symbol, and less a factual and legal reality. The paper will analyze the socio-political circumstances that led to its enactment and adoption, as well as the reasons that opened the question of its change from the moment it was adopted and entered into force. If we know that the quality of a constitution is crucial for its internal properties, its content, the circumstances under which it was adopted, the manner in which it was adopted, the intentions and goals of the constitution maker, it is clear that the Vidovdan Constitution, apart from becoming a formal legal symbol of unification, could satisfy the opposing aspirations of the Serbian and Croatian, as well as the Slovenian political establishment, the intellectual elite, but also the population itself. The Serbian political course of unification included a unitary system, a monarchical form of government led by the Karadjordjevic dynasty and a state that would have all members of the Serbian people within its borders. The Croatian political elite saw the new state as a transitional solution on the path to independence and the realization of a centuries-old dream of an independent Croatian state, based on the ideology of historical and state law. Slovenians perceives the idea of unification primarily as protection from Germanization, to which it was constantly exposed within Austro-Hungary. Thus, differences in the approach to the idea of unification will become the germ of conflict in the future common state. The Vidovdan Constitution could not resolve the antagonisms and mutually opposing views, but further deepened them. However, its importance is reflected in the fact that it shows that law is powerless in the face of socio-political reality if it does not primarily represent its framework, and that this thesis is current a century earlier, equally relevant today
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Phat, Dok. "ON THE QUESON THE QUESTION ABOUT THE CIRCUMSTANCES SUBJECT TO PROVING WITHIN CRIMINAL FRAUD INVESTIGATIONSUMSTANCES SUBJECT TO PROVING WITHIN CRIMINAL FRAUD INVESTIGATIONS." In Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries: problems of theory and practices. Publishing Center RIOR, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02090-6-0-157-159.
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Schwartz, Jeff E., Richard T. Girards, and Karen A. Borrelli. "U.S. Patent/Intellectual Property Law: What Should Engineers Know?" In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1190.
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Abstract Engineers, by the practice of their profession, regularly apply new methods and products to the end of solving old problems. These new methods and products may prove to be both commercially useful and financially valuable. The U.S. intellectual property system can afford such innovations broad protection from old fashioned “poaching” by securing for their creators/inventors powerful legal rights to such innovations.
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Gibson, Chad Michael Erick. "Novel Frac Sleeve Technology Designed to Replace Plug N Perf and Improve Efficiencies While Significantly Reducing Time to Production and Environmental Impact." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211006-ms.
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Abstract The paper aims to describe the design, testing/validation, applications, and field trial results of a 15K Multi-Stage Fracturing (MSF) Intervention-less sleeve system for use in single-point entry or multi-cluster design. Field proven results show efficiencies over plug n perf, coil annular frac and ball drop operations and significant environmental savings. Today, pad design can depend highly on how fracturing operations will be performed. Time between stages, water usage and services required can determine the optimal design of choice when choosing between a single well or multi well pad. Implementing an intervention-less sleeve system reduces the time and water usage between stages and eliminates the need for zipper operations to achieve surface efficiencies. These systems provide completion efficiencies regardless of the number of wells on a pad. By identifying the critical operational limitations of legacy MSF technologies, this paper demonstrates clear benefits between the new intervention-less system and legacy multistage fracturing tools and methods. Performance of current dissolvable solutions is dependent on wellbore conditions and highly variable from one well to the next. Using material science and product design, the time to production is significantly reduced by eliminating the variability experienced when using the current dissolvable products. An operating efficiency and downhole frac performance comparison between the intervention-less system and Plug n Perf applications in single well operations is provided. The elimination of interventions, wireline, pump down, explosives, and drill out prove to provide significant benefits over current completions methods and reduced; cost, time, and environmental impact.
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Bataveljić, Dragan, Dragan Vojinović, and Dejan Logarušic. "MODEL PODELE VLASTI U PRVOM USTAVU PRVE JUGOSLOVENSKE DRŽAVE – VIDOVDANSKOM USTAVU." In 100 GODINA OD VIDOVDANSKOG USTAVA. Faculty of law, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/zbvu21.187b.
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In this paper, the co-authors first analyzed the meaning and scope of the provisions of Vidovdan Constitution, as well as the circumstances that preceded its adoption. They include, among other things, the formation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes that took place on December 1st, 1918 in Belgrade, then, the constitutional provisional arrangement, as well as various debates held at the Constitutional Convention. Also, it should be mentioned that the final adoption of this Constitution was preceded by several constitutional drafts, so, the co-authors of this paper hope that their legal analysis will attract the attention of contemporary and future constitutionalists and legal historians. In the text that follows, the co-authors will attempt to shed the light on both social and political aspects of the conflicts of that time and clashes in the Assembly. The central part of the paper is dedicated to the issue of the organization of government (administration) in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes based on Vidovdan Constitution. Namely, from the date of merging into a common state, until the date of the adoption of this Constitution, there was rather a long lapse of time, more than two and a half years. This created a lot of problems and the principle issue was the struggle to consolidate a newly formed state. Such constitutional provisional arrangement left a number of adverse consequences since the decisions passed by the Government established just temporary, provisional constitutional arrangements. Of course, at the given moment they were of great significance, but they generated the constitutional and legal framework of the newly formed state.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Prove legali"
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Bizer, Kilian, and Martin Führ. Responsive Regulierung für den homo oeconomicus institutionalis – Ökonomische Verhaltenstheorie in der Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.393379529x.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The starting point of the research project was the hypothesis that the "principle of proportionality", which is fundamental to law, is related to the "economic principle". The resulting methodological similarities were intended to enable a cross-disciplinary bridge to be built, which would allow the findings of economic analysis to be made fruitful for legal issues. This was practically tested in three study areas in order to be able to better classify the performance of the analytical tools. The foundations for interdisciplinary bridge building are found in the rational-choice paradigm. In both disciplines, this paradigm calls for an examination of the relationship between the purpose-means-relations: among the design options under consideration, the one must be selected that is expected to be as (freedom- or resource-) sparing as possible, in other words, the most "waste-free" solution to the control problem.The results of the economic analysis can thus be "translated" in such a way that, within the framework of "necessity", they support the search for control instruments that are equivalent to the objective but less disruptive. supports. The core of the positive economic analysis is the motivational situation of those actors whose behavior is to be influenced by a changed legal framework. In this context, the classical behavioral model of economics proved to be too limited. It therefore had to be developed further in line with the findings of research in institutional economics into homo oeconomicus institutionalis. This behavioral model takes into account not only the consequentialist, strictly situational utility orientation of the model person, but also other factors influencing behavior, including above all those that are institutionally mediated. If one takes the motivational situation of the actors as the starting point for policy-advising design recommendations, it becomes apparent that an understanding of governance dominated by imperative behavioral specifications leads to less favorable results, both in terms of the degree to which goals are achieved and in terms of the freedom-impairing effects, than a mixed-instrument approach oriented toward the model of "responsive regulation." According to this model, the law can no longer simply assume that those subject to the law will "obediently" execute the legal commands. It must ask itself what other factors determine behavior and under what boundary conditions changes can be expected in the direction of the desired behavior. For this reason, too, it must engage with the cognitive program of the behavioral sciences. This linkage opens up new perspectives for interdisciplinary research on the consequences of laws.
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Rahmé, Marianne, and Alex Walsh. Corruption Challenges and Responses in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.093.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) consistently scores in the lowest rungs of global indexes on corruption, integrity and wider governance standards. Indeed, corruption of different sorts pervades public and corporate life, with strong ramifications for human development. Although the DRC is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of natural resources, its people are among the globe’s poorest.Corruption in the extractive industries (minerals and oil) is particularly problematic in terms of scale and its centrality to a political economy that maintains elites and preserves the highly inequitable outcomes for the majority. The politico-economic elites of the DRC, such as former President Joseph Kabila, are reportedly significant perpetrators but multinationals seeking valuable minerals or offering financial services are also allegedly deeply involved. Corruption is therefore a problem with national and international roots.Despite national and international initiatives, levels of corruption have proven very stubborn for at least the last 20 years, for various reasons. It is a structural and not just a legal issue. It is deeply entrenched in the country’s political economy and is driven both by domestic clientelism and the fact that multinationals buy into corrupt deals. This rapid review therefore seeks to find out the Corruption challenges and responses in the Democratic Republic of Congo.Grand level corruption shades down into the meso-level, where for instance, mineral laden trucks are systematically under-weighted with the collusion of state officials. With severe shortfalls in public funding, certain public services, such as education, are supported by informal payments. Other instances of petty corruption facilitate daily access to goods and services. At this level, there are arguments against counting such practices as forms of corruption and instead as necessary survival practices.To address the challenge of corruption, the DRC is equipped with a legal system that is of mixed strengths and an institutional arsenal that has made limited progress. International programming in integrity and anti-corruption represents a significant proportion of support to the DRC but much less than humanitarian and governance sectors. The leading international partners in this regard are the EU, US, UNDP, UK, African Development Bank, Germany and Sweden. These partners conduct integrity programming in general governance issues, as well as in the mineral and forest sectors.The sources used in this rapid review are gender blind and converge on a very negative picture The literature ranges from the academic and practitioner to the journalistic and investigative, and taken as a whole, is of good quality, drawing on different types of evidence including perceptions and qualitative in-country research. The sources are mostly in English with two in French.
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Understanding induced abortion: Findings from a programme of research in Rajasthan, India. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh17.1013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In India, abortion has been legal for over 30 years, following the enactment of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act in 1971. While the MTP Act permits abortion for a broad range of social and medical reasons, it also includes provisions regarding delivery of services that have proved to constrain access to safe and legal abortion for the great majority of women in India. Due in part to these constraints, up to 90 percent of the six million induced abortions estimated to occur annually in India are illegal—provided in uncertified settings and/or by uncertified providers. Many are unsafe and result in significant morbidity and mortality. The situation is particularly poor in the less-developed states of north India, including Rajasthan. Thus, Rajasthan is among the states in India where increased access to safe abortion services is most needed. The Population Council, in partnership with the Centre for Operations Research and Training and Ibtada, undertook a program of research on unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion in six districts of Rajasthan. The program aimed to provide comprehensive data on abortion to guide future programs and policies. Findings from three studies conducted from 2001 to 2002 are detailed in this brief.