Articles de revues : « Protein material »

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Carter, Nathan A., et Tijana Z. Grove. « Functional protein materials : beyond elastomeric and structural proteins ». Polymer Chemistry 10, n^o 23 (2019) : 2952–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py00337a.

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In the past two decades researchers have shown great interest in mimicking biological structures and their complex structure–property relationships. Herein we highlight examples of hydrogels and bioelectronic materials that illustrate the rational design of material properties and function.

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Whyburn, Gordon P., Yujing Li et Yu Huang. « Protein and protein assembly based material structures ». Journal of Materials Chemistry 18, n^o 32 (2008) : 3755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b807421f.

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Nichols, Patrick E., Jeffrey S. Bates et Taylor D. Sparks. « Exploration of Polytetrafluoroethylene as a Potential Material Replacement for Hemodialysis Applications ». MRS Advances 1, n^o 29 (2016) : 2147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.473.

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AbstractDialysis is the process by which an artificial kidney device removes waste and excess water from a patient. An outstanding problem with dialysis is that the body has a remarkable immune function where proteins and antigens mark foreign objects as possible threats despite the biocompatibility of the material. Upon adhesion to polymeric materials used currently in dialysis, proteins are lost. In this study, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is investigated as a potential replacement material for dialysis tubing because of its unreactive nature. The focus is to determine if PTFE will prove a viable material in minimizing protein adhesion and further reducing antibody loss of the patient. Protein loss as a function of filtration time was measured. PVC and PTFE materials were investigated following the same battery of testing where the protein concentrations in the blood were characterized using UV Visible spectrophotometry. Results demonstrate a loss of nearly 12 percent of blood proteins to the PVC material over the course of a typical dialysis treatment. Conversely, the protein loss due to adhesion to PTFE was less than two percent.

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Jawerth, Louise, Elisabeth Fischer-Friedrich, Suropriya Saha, Jie Wang, Titus Franzmann, Xiaojie Zhang, Jenny Sachweh et al. « Protein condensates as aging Maxwell fluids ». Science 370, n^o 6522 (10 décembre 2020) : 1317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw4951.

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Protein condensates are complex fluids that can change their material properties with time. However, an appropriate rheological description of these fluids remains missing. We characterize the time-dependent material properties of in vitro protein condensates using laser tweezer–based active and microbead-based passive rheology. For different proteins, the condensates behave at all ages as viscoelastic Maxwell fluids. Their viscosity strongly increases with age while their elastic modulus varies weakly. No significant differences in structure were seen by electron microscopy at early and late ages. We conclude that protein condensates can be soft glassy materials that we call Maxwell glasses with age-dependent material properties. We discuss possible advantages of glassy behavior for modulation of cellular biochemistry.

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Srinivasan, U., G. H. Iyer, T. A. Przybycien, W. A. Samsonoff et J. A. Bell. « Crystine : fibrous biomolecular material from protein crystals cross-linked in a specific geometry ». Protein Engineering, Design and Selection 15, n^o 11 (novembre 2002) : 895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/protein/15.11.895.

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Baskaran, Nareshkumar, You-Cheng Chang, Chia-Hua Chang, Shun-Kai Hung, Chuan-Tse Kao et Yang Wei. « Quantify the Protein–Protein Interaction Effects on Adsorption Related Lubricating Behaviors of α-Amylase on a Glass Surface ». Polymers 12, n^o 8 (25 juillet 2020) : 1658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081658.

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Dental ceramic material is one of the widely preferred restorative materials to mimic the natural tooth enamel surface. However, it has continuously been degraded because of low wear resistance during mastication in the oral cavity. The friction involved was reduced by introducing the lubricant saliva protein layers to improve the wear resistance of the dental materials. However, little is understood regarding how the protein–protein interactions (PPI) influence the adsorbed-state structures and lubricating behaviors of saliva proteins on the ceramic material surface. The objective of this study is to quantify the influences of PPI effects on the structural changes and corresponding oral lubrications of adsorbed α-amylase, one of the abundant proteins in the saliva, on the dental ceramic material with glass as a model surface. α-Amylase was first adsorbed to glass surface under varying protein solution concentrations to saturate the surface to vary the PPI effects over a wide range. The areal density of the adsorbed protein was measured as an indicator of the level of PPI effects within the layer, and these values were then correlated with the measurements of the adsorbed protein’s secondary structure and corresponding friction coefficient. The decreased friction coefficient value was an indicator of the lubricated surfaces with higher wear resistance. Our results indicate that PPI effects help stabilize the structure of α-amylase adsorbed on glass, and the correlation observed between the friction coefficient and the conformational state of adsorbed α-amylase was apparent. This study thus provides new molecular-level insights into how PPI influences the structure and lubricating behaviors of adsorbed protein, which is critical for the innovations of dental ceramic material designs with improved wear resistance.

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Zegers, Ingrid, Thomas Keller, Wiebke Schreiber, Joanna Sheldon, Riccardo Albertini, Søren Blirup-Jensen, Myron Johnson et al. « Characterization of the New Serum Protein Reference Material ERM-DA470k/IFCC : Value Assignment by Immunoassay ». Clinical Chemistry 56, n^o 12 (1 décembre 2010) : 1880–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2010.148809.

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BACKGROUND The availability of a suitable matrix reference material is essential for standardization of the immunoassays used to measure serum proteins. The earlier serum protein reference material ERM-DA470 (previously called CRM470), certified in 1993, has led to a high degree of harmonization of the measurement results. A new serum protein material has now been prepared and its suitability in term of homogeneity and stability has been verified; after characterization, the material has been certified as ERM-DA470k/IFCC. METHODS We characterized the candidate reference material for 14 proteins by applying a protocol that is considered to be a reference measurement procedure, by use of optimized immunoassays. ERM-DA470 was used as a calibrant. RESULTS For 12 proteins [α2 macroglobulin (A2M), α1 acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid, AAG), α1 antitrypsin (α1-protease inhibitor, AAT), albumin (ALB), complement 3c (C3c), complement 4 (C4), haptoglobin (HPT), IgA, IgG, IgM, transferrin (TRF), and transthyretin (TTR)], the results allowed assignment of certified values in ERM-DA470k/IFCC. For CRP, we observed a bias between the lyophilized and liquid frozen materials, and for CER, the distribution of values was too broad. Therefore, these 2 proteins were not certified in the ERM-DA470k/IFCC. Different value transfer procedures were tested (open and closed procedures) and found to provide equivalent results. CONCLUSIONS A new serum protein reference material has been produced, and values have been successfully assigned for 12 proteins.

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Ganesan, Ramakrishnan, Karl Kratz et Andreas Lendlein. « Multicomponent protein patterning of material surfaces ». Journal of Materials Chemistry 20, n^o 35 (2010) : 7322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b926690a.

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Messia, Maria Cristina, Francesca Cuomo, Luisa Falasca, Maria Carmela Trivisonno, Elisa De Arcangelis et Emanuele Marconi. « Nutritional and Technological Quality of High Protein Pasta ». Foods 10, n^o 3 (11 mars 2021) : 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030589.

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Pasta has an important role in human nutrition for its high content of complex carbohydrates and its widespread use. It can be an efficient delivery system or carrier of non-traditional raw material, including additional health-promoting ingredients. The partial replacement of semolina with high-protein raw materials leads to the improvement of the biological value of pasta proteins. In order to obtain pasta with high nutritional protein value and with excellent cooking properties, various recipes have been formulated with different percentages of semolina and unconventional high-protein raw materials (peas and soy isolate proteins, egg white, whey proteins and Spirulina platensis). High-protein pasta was produced using a pasta making pilot plant and the nutritional quality (protein content and quality) and sensorial properties were assessed. All experimental pastas showed optimal performances. Pasta prepared with pea protein isolate, whey proteins and Spirulina platensis showed improved chemical score and digestible indispensable amino acid scores, an eye-catching color, and an excellent cooking quality.

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Woodruff, Jeffrey B., Oliver Wueseke et Anthony A. Hyman. « Pericentriolar material structure and dynamics ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 369, n^o 1650 (5 septembre 2014) : 20130459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0459.

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A centrosome consists of two barrel-shaped centrioles embedded in a matrix of proteins known as the pericentriolar material (PCM). The PCM serves as a platform for protein complexes that regulate organelle trafficking, protein degradation and spindle assembly. Perhaps most important for cell division, the PCM concentrates tubulin and serves as the primary organizing centre for microtubules in metazoan somatic cells. Thus, similar to other well-described organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, the cell has compartmentalized a multitude of vital biochemical reactions in the PCM. However, unlike these other organelles, the PCM is not membrane bound, but rather a dynamic collection of protein complexes and nucleic acids that constitute the organelle's interior and determine its boundary. How is the complex biochemical machinery necessary for the myriad centrosome functions concentrated and maintained in the PCM? Recent advances in proteomics and RNAi screening have unveiled most of the key PCM components and hinted at their molecular interactions ( table 1 ). Now we must understand how the interactions between these molecules contribute to the mesoscale organization and the assembly of the centrosome. Among outstanding questions are the intrinsic mechanisms that determine PCM shape and size, and how it functions as a biochemical reaction hub.

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Nguyen, Hang Thi, Huynh Nguyen Duy Bao, Huong Thi Thu Dang, Tumi Tómasson, Sigurjón Arason et María Gudjónsdóttir. « Protein Recovery of Tra Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) Protein-Rich Side Streams by the pH-Shift Method ». Foods 11, n^o 11 (24 mai 2022) : 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11111531.

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Increasing protein demand has led to growing attention being given to the full utilization of proteins from side streams in industrial fish processing. In this study, proteins were recovered from three protein-rich side streams during Tra catfish (Pangasius hypophthalamus) processing (dark muscle; head-backbone; and abdominal cut-offs) by an optimized pH-shift process. Physicochemical characteristics of the resulting fish protein isolates (FPIs) were compared to industrial surimi from the same raw material batch. The pH had a significant influence on protein extraction, while extraction time and the ratio of the extraction solution to raw material had little effect on the protein and dry matter recoveries. Optimal protein extraction conditions were obtained at pH 12, a solvent to raw material ratio of 8, and an extraction duration of 150 min. The resulting FPI contained <10% of the fat and <15% of the ash of the raw material, while the FPI protein recovery was 83.0–88.9%, including a good amino acid profile. All FPIs had significantly higher protein content and lower lipid content than the surimi, indicating the high efficiency of using the pH-shift method to recover proteins from industrial Tra catfish side streams. The FPI made from abdominal cut-offs had high whiteness, increasing its potential for the development of a high-value product.

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Parpinello, Giuseppina P., Arianna Ricci, Carolina Pavez Moreno, Luigi Ragni et Andrea Versari. « New device for protein stabilisation of white wines throughout a continuous flow system ». BIO Web of Conferences 56 (2023) : 02038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20235602038.

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In this work, a selection of food-grade ceramic materials (CM1, CM2) was evaluated in terms of capacity to adsorb pathogenesis-related proteins (PRPs), thus preventing protein haze in bottled white wines. The CM1 was found as the most effective sorbent material, when used in a nano-structured form (nano-powders and mesoporous films) which magnifies the specific surface available for adsorption. The material showed a high affinity and selectivity to low molecular weight proteins, thus allowing the stabilisation of white wines without altering key quality parameters. The most captivating aspect of using CM1 consisted in the possibility of producing thin and mesoporous films anchored to inert supports, to obtain composite materials that are easy to handle and safe from a food point of view. The composite material CM1 was tested in a wine flow treatment device, confirming excellent performance in terms of stabilisation. Based on the results obtained, the stabilising material and the stabilisation method proposed can be further implemented to be used in a pilot plant and exploited in the wine industry.

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QIN, ZHAO, STEVEN CRANFORD, THEODOR ACKBAROW et MARKUS J. BUEHLER. « ROBUSTNESS-STRENGTH PERFORMANCE OF HIERARCHICAL ALPHA-HELICAL PROTEIN FILAMENTS ». International Journal of Applied Mechanics 01, n^o 01 (mars 2009) : 85–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825109000058.

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An abundant trait of biological protein materials are hierarchical nanostructures, ranging through atomistic, molecular to macroscopic scales. By utilizing the recently developed Hierarchical Bell Model, here we show that the use of hierarchical structures leads to an extended physical dimension in the material design space that resolves the conflict between disparate material properties such as strength and robustness, a limitation faced by many synthetic materials. We report materiomics studies in which we combine a large number of alpha-helical elements in all possible hierarchical combinations and measure their performance in the strength-robustness space while keeping the total material use constant. We find that for a large number of constitutive elements, most random structural combinations of elements (> 98%) lead to either high strength or high robustness, reflecting the so-called banana-curve performance in which strength and robustness are mutually exclusive properties. This banana-curve type behavior is common to most engineered materials. In contrast, for few, very specific types of combinations of the elements in hierarchies (< 2%) it is possible to maintain high strength at high robustness levels. This behavior is reminiscent of naturally observed material performance in biological materials, suggesting that the existence of particular hierarchical structures facilitates a fundamental change of the material performance. The results suggest that biological materials may have developed under evolutionary pressure to yield materials with multiple objectives, such as high strength and high robustness, a trait that can be achieved by utilization of hierarchical structures. Our results indicate that both the formation of hierarchies and the assembly of specific hierarchical structures play a crucial role in achieving these mechanical traits. Our findings may enable the development of self-assembled de novo bioinspired nanomaterials based on peptide and protein building blocks.

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Bargel, Hendrik, Vanessa T. Trossmann, Christoph Sommer et Thomas Scheibel. « Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications ». Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 13 (8 septembre 2022) : 902–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.13.81.

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Adhesion to material surfaces is crucial for almost all organisms regarding subsequent biological responses. Mammalian cell attachment to a surrounding biological matrix is essential for maintaining their survival and function concerning tissue formation. Conversely, the adhesion and presence of microbes interferes with important multicellular processes of tissue development. Therefore, tailoring bioselective, biologically active, and multifunctional materials for biomedical applications is a modern focus of biomaterial research. Engineering biomaterials that stimulate and interact with cell receptors to support binding and subsequent physiological responses of multicellular systems attracted much interest in the last years. Further to this, the increasing threat of multidrug resistance of pathogens against antibiotics to human health urgently requires new material concepts for preventing microbial infestation and biofilm formation. Thus, materials exhibiting microbial repellence or antimicrobial behaviour to reduce inflammation, while selectively enhancing regeneration in host tissues are of utmost interest. In this context, protein-based materials are interesting candidates due to their natural origin, biological activity, and structural properties. Silk materials, in particular those made of spider silk proteins and their recombinant counterparts, are characterized by extraordinary properties including excellent biocompatibility, slow biodegradation, low immunogenicity, and non-toxicity, making them ideally suited for tissue engineering and biomedical applications. Furthermore, recombinant production technologies allow for application-specific modification to develop adjustable, bioactive materials. The present review focusses on biological processes and surface interactions involved in the bioselective adhesion of mammalian cells and repellence of microbes on protein-based material surfaces. In addition, it highlights the importance of materials made of recombinant spider silk proteins, focussing on the progress regarding bioselectivity.

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Poltavchenko, A. G., B. N. Zaitsev, A. V. Ersh, O. S. Taranov, D. V. Korneev et A. M. Nikonov. « Selection of Substrate Material for Protein Arrays ». Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces 52, n^o 2 (mars 2016) : 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2070205116020234.

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Scheller, Jürgen, et Udo Conrad. « Plant-based material, protein and biodegradable plastic ». Current Opinion in Plant Biology 8, n^o 2 (avril 2005) : 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2005.01.010.

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Šperlingová, Ilona, Ludmila Dabrowská, Miloň Tichý et J. Kučera. « Reference material "total protein in human urine" ». Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 361, n^o 8 (28 août 1998) : 756–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051011.

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Ponche, Arnaud, Lydie Ploux et Karine Anselme. « Protein/Material Interfaces : Investigation on Model Surfaces ». Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 24, n^o 13-14 (janvier 2010) : 2141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/016942410x507966.

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Elbaum-Garfinkle, Shana. « Protein Phase Separation and Emergent Material Properties ». Biophysical Journal 116, n^o 3 (février 2019) : 5a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.055.

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Yamada, Masanori, et Mayuna Tsuruzumi. « Utilization of milk protein as an environmental material : accumulation of metal ions using a protein–inorganic hybrid material ». Polymer Journal 48, n^o 3 (2 décembre 2015) : 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pj.2015.113.

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Li, Yujing, Chin-Yi Chiu et Yu Huang. « Biomimetic synthesis of inorganic materials and their applications ». Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, n^o 1 (19 novembre 2010) : 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-28.

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Mimicking the evolution processes of Nature, the combinatorial approach to biomolecular recognition properties attracts much attention due to the potential as a generic scheme to achieving complex material structures and hierarchical assemblies with molecular precision from the bottom up. In this paper, some recent efforts in the biomimetic synthesis of inorganic materials are reviewed, with emphasis placed on in vitro material formation with the use of protein/peptide molecules found in natural organisms as well as those with specific affinities to inorganic materials selected through the molecular evolution process. The applications of material-specific peptides and proteins in sensing and guiding hierarchical material assembly are also briefly discussed at the end.

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Wei, Chen-Xuan, Michael Francis Burrow, Michael George Botelho, Henry Lam et Wai Keung Leung. « In Vitro Salivary Protein Adsorption Profile on Titanium and Ceramic Surfaces and the Corresponding Putative Immunological Implications ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n^o 9 (27 avril 2020) : 3083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093083.

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Immune responses triggered by implant abutment surfaces contributed by surface-adsorbed proteins are critical in clinical implant integration. How material surface-adsorbed proteins relate to host immune responses remain unclear. This study aimed to profile and address the immunological roles of surface-adsorbed salivary proteins on conventional implant abutment materials. Standardized polished bocks (5 × 5 × 1 mm3) were prepared from titanium and feldspathic ceramic. Salivary acquired pellicle formed in vitro was examined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gene ontology (GO) analysis to identify and characterize the adsorbed proteins. Out of 759 proteins identified from pooled saliva samples, 396 were found to be attached to the two materials tested—369 on titanium and 298 on ceramic, with 281 common to both. GO annotation of immune processes was undertaken to form a protein–protein interaction network, and 14 hub proteins (≥6 interaction partners) (coding genes: B2M, C3, CLU, DEFA1, HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, LTF, PIGR, PSMA2, RAC1, RAP1A, S100A8, S100A9, and SLP1) were identified as the key proteins connecting multiple (6–9) immune processes. The results offered putative immunological prospects of implant abutment material surface-adsorbed salivary proteins, which could potentially underpin the dynamic nature of implant–mucosal/implant–microbial interactions.

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Healy, K. E., C. H. Thomas, A. Rezania, P. J. McKeown, C. D. McFarland et J. G. Steele. « Correlative TOF-SIMS and fluorescence microscopy analyses of surfaces used to control mammalian cell function ». Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (11 août 1996) : 1044–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100167688.

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A common theme in engineering surfaces for biomedical materials and devices is the control of cell behavior at the material-tissue interface. Multiple analytical techniques are required to fully characterize a material surface both prior to and after exposure to the biological environment. In addition, a full cadre of microscopy techniques are essential for understanding cell behavior to these surface engineered materials. At the heart of understanding the mechanisms that control cell function on solid materials is the adsorption of serum proteins, which ultimately dictates how a cell responds to a material. A great deal of complexity is introduced into the system by adsorbed proteins, since there are over 200 proteins in human blood, and that post adsorption changes in conformation could lead to altered function. Until recently it has been extremely difficult to correlate cell behavior with the initial surface chemistry of a material and the type of protein adsorbed to the surface.

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Gioia, Lodovico di, Bernard Cuq et Stéphane Guilbert. « Mechanical and water barrier properties of corn-protein-based biodegradable plastics ». Journal of Materials Research 15, n^o 12 (décembre 2000) : 2612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0375.

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Experiments were performed to evaluate the mechanical and water barrier properties of corn-protein-based materials that were compression molded from thermoplastic resins. The influence of varying concentrations of water, glycerol, and octanoic acid was studied. At 0% relative humidity, the material exhibited a linear elastic deformation and a brittle fracture at any glycerol or octanoic acid content. Raising relative humidity from 0% to 97.3%, progressively decreased the tensile strength (from 24.1 to 2.2 MPa and 19.4 to 1.0 MPa), and the modulus of elasticity (from 1.67 to 0.03 GPa and 1.87 to 0.13 GPa), respectively, for the octanoic acid- or glycerol-plasticized materials. Increasing water content did not increase the tensile strain at break of the glycerol-plasticized material, whereas this parameter changed from 1.6 to 52.3% for octanoic-acid-plasticized material. This last material was waterproof during 21 h and its water transmission rate was then 0.05 mmolmm-2 s -1. Differences in water absorption were related to plasticizer solubility and material structure.

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Wittek, Patrick, Goeran Walther, Heike P. Karbstein et M. Azad Emin. « Comparison of the Rheological Properties of Plant Proteins from Various Sources for Extrusion Applications ». Foods 10, n^o 8 (22 juillet 2021) : 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081700.

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Plant proteins in foods are becoming increasingly popular with consumers. However, their application in extruded products remains a major challenge, as the various protein-rich raw materials (e.g., from different plant origins) exhibit very different material properties. In particular, the rheological properties of these raw materials have a distinct influence on the extrusion process and must be known in order to be able to control the process and adjust the product properties. In this study, process-relevant rheological properties of 11 plant-based protein-rich raw materials (differing in plant origin, protein content, and manufacturer) are determined and compared. The results demonstrate distinct differences in the rheological properties, even when plant origin and protein content are identical. Time sweeps reveal not only large differences in development of viscosity over time, but also in magnitude of viscosity (up to 15-fold difference). All materials exhibit gel behaviour and strain thinning behaviour in the strain sweeps, whereas their behaviour in the non-linear viscoelastic range differs greatly. Typical relaxation behaviour of viscoelastic materials could be observed in the stress relaxation tests for all materials. Comparison of the maximum achieved shear stress, which correlates with the elastic properties, reveals an up to 53-fold difference. The results of this study could serve as a starting point for adapting raw material selection and composition to process and product design requirements and help to meet the challenge of applying plant-based proteins in food extrusion.

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Senthilkumaran, Anupriya, Amin Babaei-Ghazvini, Michael T. Nickerson et Bishnu Acharya. « Comparison of Protein Content, Availability, and Different Properties of Plant Protein Sources with Their Application in Packaging ». Polymers 14, n^o 5 (7 mars 2022) : 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14051065.

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Plant-based proteins are considered to be one of the most promising biodegradable polymers for green packaging materials. Despite this, the practical application of the proteins in the packaging industry on a large scale has yet to be achieved. In the following review, most of the data about plant protein-based packaging materials are presented in two parts. Firstly, the crude protein content of oilseed cakes and meals, cereals, legumes, vegetable waste, fruit waste, and cover crops are indexed, along with the top global producers. In the second part, we present the different production techniques (casting, extrusion, and molding), as well as compositional parameters for the production of bioplastics from the best protein sources including sesame, mung, lentil, pea, soy, peanut, rapeseed, wheat, corn, amaranth, sunflower, rice, sorghum, and cottonseed. The inclusion of these protein sources in packaging applications is also evaluated based on their various properties such as barrier, thermal, and mechanical properties, solubility, surface hydrophobicity, water uptake capacity, and advantages. Having this information could assist the readers in exercising judgement regarding the right source when approving the applications of these proteins as biodegradable packaging material.

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Nakayama, Koji, Takashi Tachikawa et Tetsuro Majima. « Protein Recording Material : Photorecord/Erasable Protein Array Using a UV-Eliminative Linker ». Langmuir 24, n^o 5 (mars 2008) : 1625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la703354c.

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Bandara, Nandika, Ali Akbari, Yussef Esparza et Jianping Wu. « Canola Protein : A Promising Protein Source for Delivery, Adhesive, and Material Applications ». Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 95, n^o 8 (24 avril 2018) : 1075–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12039.

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Benítez-Mateos, Mehravar, Velasco-Lozano, RadmilaTomovska, Salassa et López-Gallego. « Selective Immobilization of Fluorescent Proteins for the Fabrication of Photoactive Materials ». Molecules 24, n^o 15 (30 juillet 2019) : 2775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152775.

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The immobilization of fluorescent proteins is a key technology enabling to fabricate a new generation of photoactive materials with potential technological applications. Herein we have exploited superfolder green (sGFP) and red (RFP) fluorescent proteins expressed with different polypeptide tags. We fused these fluorescent proteins to His-tags to immobilize them on graphene 3D hydrogels, and Cys-tags to immobilize them on porous microparticles activated with either epoxy or disulfide groups and with Lys-tags to immobilize them on upconverting nanoparticles functionalized with carboxylic groups. Genetically programming sGFP and RFP with Cys-tag and His-tag, respectively, allowed tuning the protein spatial organization either across the porous structure of two microbeads with different functional groups (agarose-based materials activated with metal chelates and epoxy-methacrylate materials) or across the surface of a single microbead functionalized with both metal-chelates and disulfide groups. By using different polypeptide tags, we can control the attachment chemistry but also the localization of the fluorescent proteins across the material surfaces. The resulting photoactive material formed by His-RFP immobilized on graphene hydrogels has been tested as pH indicator to measure pH changes in the alkaline region, although the immobilized fluorescent protein exhibited a narrower dynamic range to measure pH than the soluble fluorescent protein. Likewise, the immobilization of Lys-sGFP on alginate-coated upconverting nanoparticles enabled the infrared excitation of the fluorescent protein to be used as a green light emitter. These novel photoactive biomaterials open new avenues for innovative technological developments towards the fabrication of biosensors and photonic devices.

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Song, Guang. « Bridging between material properties of proteins and the underlying molecular interactions ». PLOS ONE 16, n^o 5 (5 mai 2021) : e0247147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247147.

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In this work, we develop a novel method that bridges between material properties of proteins, particularly the modulus of elasticity, and the underlying molecular interactions. To this end, we employ both an all-atom normal mode analysis (NMA) model with the CHARMM force field and an elastic solid model for proteins and protein interfaces. And the “bridge” between the two models is a common physical property predictable by both models: the magnitude of thermal vibrations. This connection allows one to calibrate the Young’s moduli of proteins and protein interface regions. We find that the Young’s moduli of proteins are in the range of a few Gpa to 10 Gpa, while the Young’s moduli of the interface regions are several times smaller. The work is significant as it represents the first attempt to systematically compute the elastic moduli of proteins from molecular interactions.

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Abrão, Lailah Cristina de Carvalho, et Eduardo Costa Figueiredo. « A new restricted access molecularly imprinted fiber for direct solid phase microextraction of benzodiazepines from plasma samples ». Analyst 144, n^o 14 (2019) : 4320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an00444k.

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Restricted access molecularly imprinted polymers (RAMIPs) are hybrid materials that present selective binding sites for a template (or similar molecules), and an external hydrophilic layer that avoids the binding of proteins to the material, making them appropriate for the sample preparation of protein fluids.

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Ikomi, Fumitaka, James Hunt, Gayda Hanna et Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein. « Interstitial fluid, plasma protein, colloid, and leukocyte uptake into initial lymphatics ». Journal of Applied Physiology 81, n^o 5 (1 novembre 1996) : 2060–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.5.2060.

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Ikomi, Fumitaka, James Hunt, Gayda Hanna, and Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein. Interstitial fluid, plasma protein, colloid, and leukocyte uptake into initial lymphatics. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5): 2060–2067, 1996.—Lymphatics serve to remove from the interstitium a range of materials, including plasma proteins, colloid materials, and cells. Lymph flow rates can be enhanced by periodic tissue compression or venous pressure elevation, but little is known to what degree enhancement of lymph flow affects material transport. The objective was to examine the uptake of plasma proteins, a colloidal perflubron emulsion (LA-11063, mean particle diameter = 0.34 μm), and leukocytes into lymphatics. Prenodal collecting lymphatics in the lower hindlimb of rabbits were cannulated with and without foot massage and after elevation of venous pressure (40 mmHg). The average lymph flow rates were elevated ∼22-fold by the skin massage but only about threefold by venous pressure elevation. Lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio remained unchanged by the massage but decreased significantly after venous pressure elevation. Lymph colloid concentration and leukocyte counts were elevated on average 47 and 8.5 times, respectively, by foot massage, but both decreased after venous pressure elevation. These results suggest that skin movement by massage and elevation of the venous pressure lead to opposite lymph transport kinetics of protein, colloids, and cells. Massage is more effective to enhance material transport out of the interstitium into the initial lymphatics.

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Johansson, E., G. M. Spencer, E. Bettini, S. W. Cho, S. Marttila, R. Kuktaite, M. Gällstedt et M. S. Hedenqvist. « Biobased Materials Production from Biodiesel Residuals of Rapeseed ». ISRN Materials Science 2012 (26 avril 2012) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/193541.

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A full biouse of crops for multiple end-uses would contribute to a more economically attractive and thereby more sustainable use of the crop. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate options to develop materials from residuals of rapeseed, originating from the biodiesel (RME) production. Compression molding of rapeseed flour and rapeseed cake residuals was evaluated together with additions of different amount of plasticizer (glycerol), as well as use of various pressing temperatures and times. The results were promising and led to a compact and hard, although somewhat brittle material. The potential to produce materials from the rapeseed residuals from RME production is thus high. Glycerol content was the most important factor increasing tensile strength in the material followed by pressing time. No clear protein polymerization was detected in the produced materials. Thus, despite the promising results, methods to obtain increased protein polymerization should be searched for. Therefore, binding agents, additives, or pretreatment of the rapeseed residuals are needed, or the proteins have to be purified, in order to generate a better polymerization of the proteins.

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Saunderson, C. Linda. « Effect of fasting and of methionine deficiency on L-methionine, DL-methionine and DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid metabolism in broiler chicks ». British Journal of Nutrition 57, n^o 3 (mai 1987) : 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19870050.

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1. Metabolism of L-[1-14C]methionine, DL-[l-14C]methionine and DL-[ 1-14C]2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (DL-HMB) by broiler chicks which had been fasted overnight or given a methionine-deficient diet was compared with fed (control) birds.2. The excretion of 14C-labelled material, total 14CO2 exhaled, 14C incorporation into tissue proteins and the 14C-labelled material in perchloric-acid-soluble tissue fractions were measured 6 h after injection of the 14C-labelled materials.3. The incorporation of 14C into tissue proteins and the relative rates of conversion of D-methionine and DL-HMB to L-methionine in tissues under different nutritional regimens were compared using protein-bound 14C:protein-free 14C values.4. Fasted birds exhaled more 14CO2 than control birds but excreted less 14C, while methionine-deficient birds behaved very similarly to the control animals in these respects.5. Fasted birds incorporated much less 14C into proteins of tissues other than liver and kidney from all three labelled tracers. The values for protein-bound 14C: protein-free 14C were lower in all tissues.6. Methionine-deficient birds had similar levels of 14C in tissue proteins but lower values for protein bound 14C: protein-free 14C.7. Examination of the values for protein-bound 14C:protein-free 14C suggest that brain and probably liver tissues from fasted and methionine-deficient birds showed improved rates of conversion of D-methionine and DL-HMB to L-methionine compared with control animals.

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Di Costanzo, Luigi, et Silvano Geremia. « Atomic Details of Carbon-Based Nanomolecules Interacting with Proteins ». Molecules 25, n^o 15 (4 août 2020) : 3555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153555.

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Since the discovery of fullerene, carbon-based nanomolecules sparked a wealth of research across biological, medical and material sciences. Understanding the interactions of these materials with biological samples at the atomic level is crucial for improving the applications of nanomolecules and address safety aspects concerning their use in medicine. Protein crystallography provides the interface view between proteins and carbon-based nanomolecules. We review forefront structural studies of nanomolecules interacting with proteins and the mechanism underlying these interactions. We provide a systematic analysis of approaches used to select proteins interacting with carbon-based nanomolecules explored from the worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) and scientific literature. The analysis of van der Waals interactions from available data provides important aspects of interactions between proteins and nanomolecules with implications on functional consequences. Carbon-based nanomolecules modulate protein surface electrostatic and, by forming ordered clusters, could modify protein quaternary structures. Lessons learned from structural studies are exemplary and will guide new projects for bioimaging tools, tuning of intrinsically disordered proteins, and design assembly of precise hybrid materials.

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Matsuno, Hisao, et Takeshi Serizawa. « Protein/Peptide Adsorption on Hydrophobic Polymer Material Surfaces ». Review of Polarography 55, n^o 1 (2009) : 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5189/revpolarography.55.5.

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Tsapikouni, Theodora S., et Yannis F. Missirlis. « Protein–material interactions : From micro-to-nano scale ». Materials Science and Engineering : B 152, n^o 1-3 (août 2008) : 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2008.06.007.

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Hunt, James V., John T. Skamarauskas et Malcolm J. Mitchinson. « Protein glycation and fluorescent material in human atheroma ». Atherosclerosis 111, n^o 2 (décembre 1994) : 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(94)90100-7.

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Viens, Antoine, Francis Harper, Evelyne Pichard, Martine Comisso, Gérard Pierron et Vasily Ogryzko. « Use of Protein Biotinylation In Vivo for Immunoelectron Microscopic Localization of a Specific Protein Isoform ». Journal of Histochemistry & ; Cytochemistry 56, n^o 10 (23 juin 2008) : 911–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.2008.951624.

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Tagging of proteins in vivo by covalent attachment of a biotin moiety has emerged as a new prospective tool for protein detection and purification. Previously, we established a strategy for expression of in vivo biotinylated proteins in mammalian cells. It is based on coexpression of the protein of interest fused to a short biotin acceptor peptide and biotin ligase BirA cloned in the same vector. We show here that the in vivo biotinylation can be used for immunogold postembedding labeling in immunoelectron microscopy experiments. We show that immunoelectron microscopy with biotinylated nuclear proteins is compatible with a wide range of postembedding methods, facilitating combination of morphological and localization studies in a single experiment. We also show that the method works in both transient transfection and stable cell line expression protocols and can be used for colocalization studies. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc.org . Please visit this article online to view these materials.

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Siedlecki, Christopher A. « Molecular-Scale Studies of Proteins at Model Biomaterial Surfaces by Atomic Force Microscopy ». Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (août 2001) : 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600026696.

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A widely accepted tenet of biomaterials research is that the initial step following contact of a synthetic material with blood is the rapid adsorption of plasma proteins. The composition of this adsorbed protein layer is dependent on a variety of factors, including the surface properties of the implant material and the nature of the adsorbing proteins, and the composition and function of this protein layer is important in the subsequent biological response and ultimately the success or failure of the implanted material. While a great amount of effort has gone into developing structure/function responses for implanted biomaterials, there is still much about the molecular level interactions to be determined. We utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the molecular-level interactions of proteins with model biomaterial substrates. The AFM is unique in that it offers the opportunity to characterize interfacial environments, determine material properties, measure protein/surface interaction forces, and visualize the tertiary structure of adsorbed proteins.

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Veit, Juliana Cristina, Aldi Feiden, Marcia Luzia Ferrarezi Maluf et Wilson Rogerio Boscolo. « Development and proximate and microbiological characterization of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) protein hydrolyzed. » Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Alimentos 4, n^o 1 (19 février 2014) : 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v4i1.97.

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The proteic hydrolysis is a technology developed with the aim of adding value, functionality and increase the use of undervalued raw materials. Through this process is possible to modify the chemical, physical and biological properties of proteins without changing their nutrient content. This study aimed to develop proteic hydrolyzed of Nile tilapia “V” cuts and to characterize them according to their degree of hydrolysis, chemical composition and microbiology. The results of analyses showed that the developed hydrolyzed had high productivity and appropriate degree of hydrolysis (14.8 % to H1 and 13.2 % to H2) that allow to use them both in the treatment of diseases as a flavoring in foods. In addition to presenting good composition, similar to the initial raw material, with 81.4 and 81.0 % for moisture, 13.6 and 14.6 % for protein, 3.5 and 2.8 % for lipids and 2.7 and 2.0 % for ash, respectively for H1 and H2. With relation to microbiological results, the hydrolyzed showed great health quality, well below the limits allowed by law. Therefore, the enzymatic hydrolysis proved to be an efficient process to obtain hydrolyzed proteins from a high biological value and low value raw material. DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v4i1.97">http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v4i1.97</a>

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Murru, Marcello, et Concepcion Lera Calvo. « Sunflower protein enrichment. Methods and potential applications ». OCL 27 (2020) : 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2020007.

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A method to increase the protein content of sunflower meal was developed that uses a combination of milling, sieving and gravity tables to separate fractions with higher and lower protein content. The investigation allowed to compare different mills’ ability to break down the lumps of raw sunflower meal and allow a suitable mechanical separation with sieving and gravity separation. Different settings of the mills were tested with or without material pre-sieving. Sieve mesh sizes were investigated in the range 250 to 500 μm that allowed the production of high protein fine material and a good performance of the gravity table separation. Sunflower meal was successfully enriched in protein to a level similar to low protein soybean meal by utilising the process described in this work. In particular proteins were increased on average by 7% to a level of 43.5%. The yield of the separation can justify industrial applications of this process whereby the high protein material can have a potential use in feed and food formulations.

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Cheng, H. N., Zhongqi He, Catrina Ford, Wade Wyckoff et Qinglin Wu. « A Review of Cottonseed Protein Chemistry and Non-Food Applications ». Sustainable Chemistry 1, n^o 3 (5 octobre 2020) : 256–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem1030017.

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There has been increasing interest in recent years in the use of agro-based raw materials for the production of bio-friendly and sustainable products. Plant-based proteins are among the popular materials being studied. In particular, cottonseed protein (a byproduct of cotton fiber production) is widely available and has useful properties. Although not as well-known as soy protein, cottonseed protein has been shown to be a potentially valuable raw material for numerous applications. In this review, the latest developments in isolation, composition and molecular weight, chemical and enzymatic modifications, and non-food applications are delineated. Among these applications, films and coatings, interfacial and emulsifying applications, adhesives, and bioplastics seem to attract the most attention. A particular effort has been made to cover the literature on these topics in the past 10 years.

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Nguyen Thi, Loan, Hong Loan Nguyen Thi, Thang Nguyen Dinh et Hong Nhung Le Thi. « Melanin, a potential new matrix material for recombinant His-tag protein purification ». Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in water, agricultural soil, and rice in Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam 4, n^o 3 (20 juillet 2021) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.3823.

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Nickel-Sepharose (Ni-Sepharose) has been being applied as the most common matrix in purifying His-tag proteins based on the affinity interaction between histidine residues and Ni2+ ion. However, Sepharose still comes at high cost for this purification purpose, especially in developing countries as Vietnam. Here, we show for the first time that melanin from ink sacs of squids which is considered as biowaste in the food industry, can be used as a new potential matrix material instead of Sepharose. We utilized either melanin or melanin charged with metal ions as the stationary phase of affinity purification of His-tag proteins. The results showed that a recombinant His-tag protein VP28 in a protein pool was captured by melanin and Ni2+/Fe3+/Zn2+ chelated melanin. Experiments for releasing VP28 were performed only on the melanin and Ni2+-melanin matrices. The result showed that VP28 was quite selectively eluted when applying elution buffer of 250 mM imidazole overnight. The relative efficiency in releasing VP28 of melanin and Ni-melanin matrices roughly compared to Ni-Sepharose were about 38 and 18% respectively. Further optimization of this process may allow higher efficiency in the purification of His-tag proteins.

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Wahdania, Fitria Porodjia et Srikit Nurkamiden. « PROTEIN TEST WITH CHEMICAL SOLUTION IN IDENTIFYING NUTRIENT CONTENT IN FOOD MATERIAL ». Journal of Health, Technology and Science (JHTS) 2, n^o 4 (21 mars 2022) : 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47918/jhts.v2i4.252.

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This study aims to find out the four factors that because proteins can be denatured, Knowing the solubility of proteins, as well as Knowing the bond of peptides in proteins, the presence of free and aromatic amino. The method used in this study is qualitative research that is descriptive, with sampling techniques that use purposive sampling method.The results showed that observations of protein denaturation that aims to see the presence of deposits in milk and the results obtained that does not occur precipitation, deposition by metals as for the results obtained that is only raw egg whites that do not occur precipitation while for the other 3 samples occur precipitation. The results of the precipitation test by alcohol obtained that tubes 1 and 2 there are no deposits while for tube 3 there are deposits, protein solubility test is obtained that the sample 1,2,4 insoluble and there are deposits while for cheese samples are only insoluble. biuret test observations obtained the occurrence of discoloration in the sample. As for the Xanthoprotein test obtained results from the sample 1,2,4 there was a change in sediment and color while for samples 3 and 5 Only changes in sediment.

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Willemsen, Olga, Egidijus Machtejevas et Klaus K. Unger. « Enrichment of proteinaceous materials on a strong cation-exchange diol silica restricted access material : protein–protein displacement and interaction effects ». Journal of Chromatography A 1025, n^o 2 (février 2004) : 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.072.

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Xu, Su, David E. Sleat, Michel Jadot et Peter Lobel. « Glial fibrillary acidic protein is elevated in the lysosomal storage disease classical late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, but is not a component of the storage material ». Biochemical Journal 428, n^o 3 (27 mai 2010) : 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20100128.

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Classical late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of children caused by mutations in TPP1, the gene encoding the lysosomal protease tripeptidyl peptidase 1. LINCL is characterized by lysosomal accumulation of storage material of which only a single protein component, subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase, has been well established to date. Identification of other protein constituents of the storage material could provide useful insights into the pathophysiology of disease and the natural substrates for TPP1. We have therefore initiated a proteomic analysis of storage material in brain from a LINCL mouse model. One protein, GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), was found to be elevated in the LINCL mice compared with normal controls in both isolated storage bodies and a lysosome-enriched subcellular fraction that contains storage material. To determine whether GFAP accumulates within the lysosome in LINCL, we examined its intracellular distribution using subcellular fractionation and morphological methods. These experiments demonstrate that GFAP is not a component of the storage material in LINCL, suggesting that reports of GFAP storage in other NCLs may need to be re-examined. A number of other proteins were elevated in the storage material and/or lysosome-enriched fraction from the LINCL mice, but it remains unclear whether these proteins are true constituents of the storage material or, like GFAP, whether they associate with this material upon purification.

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Nakanishi, Akihito, Naotaka Yamamoto, Yuri Sakihama, Tomoya Okino et Naoki Matoba. « Development of Targeted Protein-Displaying Technology with a Novel Carbon Material ». BioTech 12, n^o 1 (25 décembre 2022) : 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biotech12010002.

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This study reports a new carbon material and its specific display of targeted protein. The properties of the carbon materials fabricated with carbon black MOGUL® were analyzed. The carbon materials were spherical structures with 55.421 µm as a median value. The specific surface area, pore volume, average pore diameter, and total of the acidic functional group were 130 m2·g−1, 0.55 cm3·g−1, 17.2 nm, and 0.29 mEq·g−1, respectively. The adsorption–desorption isoform of the carbon materials showed type IV of the hysteresis loop as defined by IUPAC, indicating non-uniform mesoporous structures (2–50 nm). The distribution of the log differential pore volume also indicated non-uniform porous structures because (i) the difference between the average pore size and the most frequent pore size was significant and (ii) the σ value was larger than the average value regarding the pore sizes. However, 10–90% of the integrated values of the log differential pore volume were 57.4% of the total integrated values, and the distribution was similar to the Gauss distribution model. Although the value of the total of the acidic functional group was 2.5–5.4 times lower than the values of the HPLC columns, the carbon materials require good scaffold quality rather than good HPLC quality. Therefore, the amounts could be enough for the scaffold of biotin hydrazide. To demonstrate the property of displaying the targeted proteins, carbon materials displaying biotin hydrazide by covalent bonding were prepared and avidin-labeled horse radish peroxidase (HRP) was bound to the biotin region. The carbon materials were porous structures, so the unspecific adsorption of HRP was estimated. Then, the maintenance ratios of HRP activities were analyzed in the repeated-use-with-wash processes after each evaluation, resulting in the activities of HRP on the carbon materials being treated with biotin hydrazide being significantly maintained compared to that of the ones without biotin hydrazide. The study revealed the properties of the carbon materials and indicated the display of HRP, suggesting that the carbon materials could be a new material for displaying targeted proteins.

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Kussmann, Martin, et Peter Roepstorff. « Characterisation of the covalent structure of proteins from biological material by MALDI mass spectrometry ‣ possibilities and limitations ». Spectroscopy 14, n^o 1 (1998) : 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/710163.

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has become a primary tool for the detailed characterisation of the covalent structure of proteins isolated from biological material, mainly because of its following potentials: high sensitivity and specificity, speed of analysis, appropriateness for mixture analysis, high tolerance towards contaminants, and compatibility with separation techniques, e.g., gel electrophoresis. These characteristics enable the structural analysis of proteins even if they are only available in limited amounts and/or in mixtures, and even if the protein preparations contain large amounts of salts, buffers, detergents and denaturants. Additionally, structural data can be generated within a relatively short time.Whereas X-ray crystallography and multidimensional NMR techniques can provide “absolute” structural data, i.e., a three-dimensional “picture” of the protein of interest, MALDI-MS-especially in combination with selective protein chemistry – yields information on particular aspects of the entire protein structure, e.g., primary structure, active site(s), binding sites, and posttranslational modifications, all of which are often of crucial interest for the understanding of the protein function. Taking into account that protein crystallography and protein NMR studies require large quantities of highly purified sample, MALDI-MS can be even more regarded as a powerful complement in protein structure analysis.This review aims at describing the state-of-the-art of MALDI-MS for characterisation of proteins from biological material by evaluating its potential and limitations.

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Viljoen, C., C. J. R. Verbeek et K. L. Pickering. « The Use of Aqueous Urea as Chemical Denaturant in Processing CGM into a Biodegradable Polymer Material ». Advanced Materials Research 29-30 (novembre 2007) : 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.29-30.181.

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Corn gluten meal (CGM) has potential as a bioderived polymer for use in composite materials. Previous work to improve the processability of CGM has focused on the use of plasticisers including water, polyethylene glycol, glycerol and octanoic acid, however, a common problem is that these leach from the material subsequent to processing [1]. It has been raised that a certain degree of denaturation must occur in order to make proteins processable [2]. The current work explores the use of aqueous urea as chemical denaturant in processing CGM into a biodegradable polymer material. Consolidated materials were obtained which showed increased resistance to cracking with higher urea concentration. FTIR analysis revealed that processing CGM with increased concentrations of aqueous urea resulted in the progressive transformation of the protein secondary structure from an ordered, clustered conformation to that of extended chains. Aqueous urea is assumed to promote protein-solvent interactions which stabilise the extended chain conformations.

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