Thèses : « Protection for Sale »

1

Foley, Fiona Lee. « Biting the Clouds : The Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act, 1897 ». Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/371948.

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This Doctoral project deals with the treatment of Aboriginal people in Queensland during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century with a particular emphasis on the impact of The Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act, 1897 within Badtjala ‘country’. Drawing evidence from Aboriginal knowledge and European archives the research brings a Badtjala perspective to this first experiment to ‘solve the problem’ of opium addicted Australian Aborigines that took place on Fraser Island in the period from 1897 to 1904. An exhibition, Horror Has A Face, supported by an exegesis, Biting the Clouds, seeks to address this historiography and its inherent silences, errors and injustices using an Indigenist research framework in which art can play a significant role.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Queensland College of Art
Arts, Education and Law
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Streer, Jan. « Die Umsetzung der Verbrauchsgüterkaufrichtlinie im englischen Recht durch die Sale and Supply of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002 / ». Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/523584539.pdf.

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Marlow, Ilse. « The duties of the estate agent in the sale of residential property and the influence of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77411.

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The main purpose of this dissertation is to critically analyse the duties of an estate agent in the sale of residential property under the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (CPA). To present a comprehensive analysis of the research, one has to look further than the CPA, to also include the consumer protection measures which existed prior to the CPA in terms of the Estate Agency Affairs Act 112 of 1976 (EAAA) and the common law, as it is clear that the CPA aims to include the rights of consumers as provided for in industry-specific legislation (section 2(9) of the CPA) and the common law (section 2(10) of the CPA) within the ambit of the CPA. A structured modus operandi includes an analysis of the provisions of section 5 of the CPA which clarifies the circumstances under which the CPA will apply, an investigative summary of the statutory duties imposed on the estate agent under the EAAA, an analysis of the common law duties imposed on the estate agent, a critical analysis of the duties imposed on an estate agent under section 19 and section 54 of the CPA and a conclusion of the research to critically answer the question: What are the duties of the estate agent in the sale of residential property under the CPA? The research clearly illustrates that the intervention of the CPA brought about an important amendment of the common law, with the provisions of section 19(2)(a) and section 54(1) of the CPA importing terms to the agreement between the seller and the estate agent for the sale of the seller’s residential property that impose duties on the estate agent in the sale of residential property, which are not otherwise provided for under common law. In order to present a logical conclusion and recommendations, the problematic application of the seller’s remedies under section 19(6) and section 54(2) of the CPA are disseminated in the research. A critical discussion on this aspect, supports and emphasises the importance of developing the common law as provided for under section 4(2)(a) of the CPA, to include terms to the specific type of agreement between the seller and the estate agent for the sale of the seller’s residential property, which impose duties on the estate agent as provided for in the CPA. Not only will this bring certainty in respect of the duties imposed on the estate agent in the sale of residential property, but will ultimately also guarantee the seller’s common law rights, to cancel the agreement with the estate agent and to institute a claim for damages suffered as a result of the estate agent who sells the seller’s residential property in breach of the duties imposed on the estate agent under the CPA, which are preserved under section 2(10) of the CPA. It is also important to acknowledge that the Property Practitioners Act 22 of 2019 (PPA), which was signed into law by the President of the Republic of South Africa on 2 October 2019 replaces the EAAA. Although a comprehensive analysis of the duties imposed on the property practitioner under the PPA falls outside the scope of this research, mention must be made of the implications of including statutory regulation of property practitioners from a consumer protection perspective, outside the scope of the CPA.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Mercantile Law
LLM
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De, Stadler Elizabeth Briers. « The scope of the application of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 in the context of the sale of defective goods in comparative perspective ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27809.

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The Consumer Protection Act 68 ('the CPA') came into effect on 31 March 2011. In broad terms, the purpose of the CPA is to promote the social and economic welfare of consumers. Specific reference is made to reducing disadvantages suffered by vulnerable consumers. The question posed in this thesis is whether the scope of the application of the CPA in relation to transactions for goods is consistent with the purpose of the Act, but also how it compares to the approaches taken in the European Union, United Kingdom and Australia. It is argued that the application provisions are not always fair, rational, clear, efficient and consistent with reasonable expectations. The following issues relating to the application of the Act are addressed: the approach to the protection of small juristic persons, the omission of a exclusion based on the purposes for which the transaction is concluded, the onus of proof, the exclusion of transactions outside the ordinary course of business, the definition of 'supplier', whether transactions should be 'for consideration' in order for the consumer to qualify for protection, whether the whole supply chain should be liable and whether all goods should fall within the scope of the Act. Recommendations on these issues are made in light of rationales for consumer protection legislation, proposed criteria for evaluating such legislation (namely whether the legislation is fair, rational, clear, efficient and consistent with reasonable expectations) and comparative research. Suggested amendments to the wording of relevant sections in the Act are made in the final chapter.

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Tissot, Stéphanie. « Effectivité des droits des créanciers et protection du patrimoine familial ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1083/document.

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Le droit de l’exécution forcée offre aux créanciers des voies de droit pour contraindre les débiteurs défaillants à exécuter leurs obligations à leur égard. Ce rapport d’obligation est cependant moins un lien entre deux personnes qu’un rapport entre deux patrimoines. C’est ce qui explique que les obligations s’exécutent sur les biens des débiteurs. La matière devrait donc être hermétique à la situation familiale du débiteur et ne s’intéresser qu’au patrimoine personnel de celui-ci. Cependant, malgré l’absence de personnalité juridique de la famille, il est communément question du « patrimoine familial ». Entendu au sens large, le « patrimoine familial » intéresse alors nécessairement les tiers créanciers. Certains biens en effet, font l’objet d’une protection particulière, destinée, plus largement, à protéger la famille. A la protection d’origine légale, s’ajoute éventuellement une protection conventionnelle. Le législateur offre ainsi un espace de liberté à la volonté privée, même si l’exercice de celle-ci doit aboutir à réduire le gage du créancier. L’ensemble de ces dispositions protectrices entre donc nécessairement en conflit avec le droit à l’exécution des créanciers et conduit à s’interroger sur la légitimité de l’atteinte qui en résulte. Il apparait que dans certains cas l’équilibre entre la garantie de l’effectivité du droit à l’exécution forcée du créancier et la protection légitime du patrimoine de la famille est respecté, alors que dans d’autres, il est largement menacé, voire bouleversé. Et c’est alors toute l’économie du droit de l’exécution forcée qui est remise en question
The right to enforced performance offers creditors legal remedies for forcing defaulting debtors to perform their obligations. However, this relationship of obligation is less a tie between two people as it is a tie between two sets of assets. This explains why obligations are performed in respect of the property of the debtor. Performance should thus be entirely extraneous to the debtor's family situation and concern only the debtor's personal assets. Yet despite the fact that families do not have legal personality, "community property" (patrimoine familial) commonly comes into play. In the broad sense of the term, "community property" is thus necessarily of interest to third-party creditors. Certain property is afforded special protection generally intended to protect the family. In addition to legal protection, contractual protection may also apply. The legislation in this area thus allows for a certain degree of flexibility with respect to private will, even if it ultimately reduces a creditor's claim. This protection thus necessarily conflicts with the creditor's right to performance and raises the question of the legitimacy of the interference it causes. In some cases, the balance is maintained between guaranteeing creditors' ability to exercise their right to enforced performance and ensuring legitimate protection of family assets. In other cases, however, this balance is threatened or even upset, calling the entire tenor and intent of the right to enforced performance into question

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Teufel, Anne Julia. « Der finanzierte Verbrauchsgüterkauf im deutschen und französischen Recht : rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung zum Verbraucherschutzrecht bei finanzierten Verträgen / ». Baden-Baden Nomos, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989342867/04.

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Reifner, Claire Anna. « Die Umsetzung der Verbrauchsgüterkaufrichtlinie in Italien und Deutschland / ». Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/522185894.pdf.

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Raftery, Kelley Lynne. « A Comparative Analysis of Wellhead Protection : Virginia and Massachusetts ». Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37105.

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Proactive drinking water programs assist communities in the long-term protection of their water supply. The 1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) seek to protect groundwater sources of public drinking water. 42 United States Code Section 300h-7 created the Wellhead Protection Program. The 1986 SDWA Amendments require all states to submit a Wellhead Protection Program for public groundwater drinking sources. The 1996 SDWA Amendments require all states to submit Source Water Assessment Plans for both groundwater and surface water sources. The 1986 and 1996 SDWA Amendments aim to protect public health by preventing contamination of drinking water sources.

This paper compares and contrasts the effectiveness of groundwater Wellhead Protection Programs (WHPP) in Virginia and Massachusetts. These states take different management approaches to protect public groundwater drinking sources. Virginia encourages local governments to participate voluntarily in wellhead protection activities. Massachusetts requires all municipal and private suppliers that provide public drinking water to adopt a WHPP. The relative success achieved by Massachusetts and Virginia was evaluated with two measures: percentage of wellhead protection programs implemented and the percentage of state reported drinking water quality violations.
Master of Urban and Regional Planning

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Ando, Amy Whritenour. « Endangered species protection and National Forest timber sales : three essays in economics ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10675.

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Nguyen, Kien Trung. « Etude expérimentale du comportement instable d'un sable silteux : application aux digues de protection ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4709/document.

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Les matériaux constitutifs des digues sont souvent des sables silteux dont le comportement mécanique peut manifester une « instabilité » à des états de contraintes situés bien avant la limite de plasticité de Mohr-Coulomb. Ce mécanisme de rupture pourrait expliquer plusieurs brèches dont l'occurrence n'a pas été attribuée aux mécanismes classiques de rupture de digues telle que l'érosion interne. L'objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre, au regard de ce phénomène d'instabilité, le comportement mécanique d'un sable silteux provenant de la zone adjacente à une brèche de digue du Rhône lors de la crue de 2003, à l'aide d'essais triaxiaux.Les résultats sur le sable propre montrent que le matériau étudié est très sensible au phénomène d'instabilité. Ce dernier peut être prédit par une courbe d'instabilité reliant, au déclenchement de l'instabilité, le rapport des contraintes au paramètre d'état. L'analyse de ces résultats suggère qu'une forte contractance du matériau est la condition nécessaire pour que l'instabilité du sable lâche ait lieu et qu'une direction appropriée du vecteur d'incrément de contraintes est la condition suffisante.Les résultats sur les mélanges constitués du sable avec des fines montrent qu'un départ de fines, causé par exemple une érosion de type suffusion, favorise l'occurrence de l'instabilité dans les digues. Par ailleurs, ces résultats révèlent que l'indice des vides équivalent est un paramètre pertinent dans l'analyse du comportement du sable silteux. Le calcul de l'indice des vides équivalent nécessite la détermination du paramètre b pour lequel une nouvelle formule a été proposée
The constitutive materials of dikes are often silty sands whose mechanical behavior can become unstable at stress states located well under the Mohr-Coulomb plasticity limit criterion. This failure mechanism could explain several dike breaches whose occurrence has not been assigned to conventional mechanisms of dike failure such as internal erosion. The objective of this thesis is to better understand, with respect to the instability phenomenon, the mechanical behavior of a silty sand which is collected in the area adjacent of a breach of the Rhone embankment dike during the flood of 2003, by means of triaxial tests.The test results obtained on clean sand show that this material is very sensitive to the instability phenomenon. The occurrence of the latter can be predicted by an instability curve relating, at the onset of instability, the stress ratio to the state parameter. The analysis of these results suggests that a strong contractiveness of the material is the necessary condition for instability of loose sand and an appropriate direction of stress increment vector is the sufficient condition.The test results obtained on mixtures of sand with fines show that a removal of fine particles caused by an erosion, such as suffusion for example, favors the occurrence of instability in the dikes. Moreover, these results indicate that the equivalent void ratio is a relevant parameter in analyzing the behavior of silty sand. The calculation of the equivalent void ratio requires the determination of the parameter b for which a new formula has been proposed

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Semenets, Natasha. « “Girls for sale” : Understanding the difficulties in protecting girls in Nepal from being exploited for prostitution ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384403.

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The number of girls that are being exploited for prostitution in Nepal has increased in recent years, and girls suffer a high risk of being exposed when they come from already poorly conditions. Previously, uneducated girls could be found in the adult entertainment sector, but nowadays even educated girls are being exploited. This thesis aims to gain further understanding to why girls are being exposed and why it is difficult to protect them. By conducting qualitive interviews with employees from several NGOs working to protect girls from being exploited for prostitution, insights has been given about socio-structural factors that influences the situation for girls. By examining these factors with support from theoretical approaches that highlights social injustice, gender discrimination and structural oppression this thesis presents how different factors affect the work of protecting girls, and how the same factors also are contributing to why girls get exposed. The state of Nepal shows several efforts in trying to eradicate the problem and have ratified both the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. The state has also made changes in national law that shall promote and strengthen children's rights. Although the laws are strong, the protection for girls is insufficient and girls are vulnerable to being exploited by traffickers. The Government of Nepal, NGOs and several other authorities are working together to eradicate the problem, but the work needs be strengthened, coordinated and responsive to influencing factors simultaneously in order to achieve a long-term solution. This thesis suggest that cultural norms need to be challenged more and that the Government of Nepal needs to oversee how structural injustices affect opportunities for girls to take part of social benefits. In addition, knowledge about legal and moral rights needs to be increased among girls and in society as a whole, moreover the knowledge about trafficking and prostitution needs to be spread.

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Kudrna, Vladimír. « Ochrana spotřebitele na trhu zábavní pyrotechniky ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77735.

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The Thesis analyze consumer protection on fireworks market in the Czech republic in relation to harmonization with European Union legislation. First defines fireworks as such, then concentrates on the period before the application of norms of the European Union into czech law and finally on the period after their application.

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Hayes, Jonathan George. « The Methane Range : Coalbed Methane Development, Sage-Grouse protection, and The Ranching Way of Life ». The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12192008-143539/.

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Coalbed methane development has proliferated across much of the western United States. Campbell County, Wyoming, in the Powder River Basin is one area that has seem some of the highest amounts of this development, most of it occurring on land where the surface use is livestock grazing, resulting in conflicts over resource use. This thesis takes a grounded theory approach to understanding the meaning that the ranchers that operate on this land have attached to this development. In doing so, this paper argues that these ranchers form opinions and attitudes based on how CBM has affected the ranching way of life and not simply on the perceived opportunity for economic gain. It also argues that although objections raised by this population to the listing the Greater Sage-Grouse as an endangered species are largely framed as objections to the way in which scientific conclusions are drawn, this may be more representative of embedded cultural viewpoints thereby making efforts to resolve this conflict through further scientific research, futile. This paper concludes that a more collaborative approach to issues surrounding CBM may have helped to avoid much of the conflict that characterizes this issue.

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Hayes, Jonathan George. « The methane range coalbed methane development, sage-grouse protection, and the ranching way of life / ». [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12192008-143539/unrestricted/TheMethaneRange.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Montana, 2008.
Title from author supplied metadata. Description based on contents viewed on June 20, 2009. ETD number: etd-12192008-143539. Includes bibliographical references.

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Bambacas, Christyana Aspasia. « 'The right to feel safe ' : a feminist analysis of protective behaviours programmes / ». Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armb199.pdf.

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Eduful, Michael K. « Access to Safe Water Supply : Management of Catchment for the Protection of Source Water in Ghana ». Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7501.

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This study investigates provisions made within institutional and regulatory frameworks of water resources management to enhance multi-stakeholder relationships and the challenges of maintaining those relationships, and implications of water resources management for rural communities in the Densu River basin, Ghana. The primary objectives of this study were four fold, these are to: i) review the existing regulatory framework and how it promotes or hinders multi-stakeholder relationships within the catchment area; ii) examine multi-stakeholder relationships to identify challenges in promoting effective collaboration in water resources management; iii) explore the impacts of catchment management on the livelihoods of rural communities; and iv) generate a model that best or appropriately conceptualizes relationship mechanisms within the framework of water governance. The study employed a mixed methods approach which included data collected through reviewing regulatory and policy documents, key informant interviews, observation, and a household survey of 327 respondents. The results indicate that provisions are made within the existing institutional and regulatory framework to foster multi-stakeholder inter-relationships in the water resources management in the Densu River basin. The management of the Densu River basin is guided by a number of regulatory mechanisms that are scattered within different institutions. The regulatory mechanisms are seen as the instruments for building and maintaining multi-stakeholder relationships, but some have become a source of conflict among stakeholders, posing threats to water resources management in the Densu basin. The findings show that several issues hinder effective multi-stakeholder inter-relationships in water resources management in the Densu River basin. These issues include colonial legacies embedded within institutions, institutional challenges, and political processes. Despite the adoption of integrated water resources management (IWRM) some institutions still hold on to the old water resources management arrangements instituted during the colonial era, creating challenges for effective institutional collaboration. Additionally, institutional challenges such as limited financial and human resources, corruption, high attrition rate, and lack of integration of projects and programs are also threatening multi-stakeholder inter-relationships. The political processes at the district assemblies that determine representatives on the Densu Basin Board were also identified as posing significant threat to building effective multi-stakeholder inter-relationship for water resources management in the Densu River basin. The findings further indicate that a number of uncoordinated catchment management strategies such as restrictions on farming areas, bans on illegal mining and logging, and others strategies have been instituted in the upper Densu basin to prevent degradation of the river. However, these strategies are having significant socioeconomic impacts on the local communities. A majority of residents are aware and comply with the enforcement of the strategies, but some are quite reluctant to adhere to them because of increasing economic hardships. This situation threatens the successful implementation of the strategies and the overall protection of the river. Other residents, however, have adopted alternative strategies (expanding petty trading, farming improvement, multiple jobs and others) to cope with the increasing economic hardships as a result of the enforcement of the catchment management strategies by the government.

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Jacobs, Constanze. « Die Sachmängelgewähr im deutschen und belgischen Kaufrecht nach Umsetzung der Verbrauchsgüterkauf-Richtlinie / ». Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/515925438.pdf.

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Frank, Cornelia. « Access to Safe and Legal Abortion- a Human Right ? : A study of the protection for access to Safe and Legal abortion within Public International Law ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182564.

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Abortion is a controversial issue. It is subject of heated debates stemming from morality and ethics. Abortion is also, however, a question of rights. Access to abortion weighs the rights of the foetus against the rights of the mother. Women being denied access to safe and legal abortion due to criminalisation and restrictive abortion laws, is also a matter of human rights. Women die every year as the result of unsafe abortion methods. This thesis focuses on access to safe and legal abortion, and examines if and how public international law protects women’s access to abortion. It addresses the topic of reproductive rights and health, and whether this set of rights constitutes any protection for access to safe and legal abortion. Human rights that are actualised in relation to abortion include for example the right to life, right to privacy and right to health. Relevant provisions in CEDAW, ICCPR and ICESCR are analysed, together with general comments and reports issued by the treaty monitoring bodies of the UN. The second part of the thesis focuses on access to safe and legal abortion under the ECHR and examines relevant case-law from ECtHR on the topic. In addition to the legal dogmatic method, a feminist legal theory is used to critically evaluate whether the current protection of access to safe and legal abortion is sufficient from a women’s rights perspective. The author concludes that public international law does not offer any direct protection of access to safe and legal abortion. Instead, access to safe and legal abortion can be protected indirectly by other human rights. Restrictive abortion laws that results in risking the health and life of the mother can violate women’s human rights. Case-law from the ECtHR shows that European states are under a positive obligation to provide an effective access to abortion under the right to privacy, if the national law guarantees such a right. The result from the discussion based on feminist legal theory shows that public international law fails to recognise the abortion issue as a question of gender equality and discrimination against women.

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Nepal, Prateek. « The Evaluation on the Effectiveness of Shields for Bridge Pier Protection ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1613748984550897.

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Ekwempu, Adaobi Ifeoma. « Safe Chemical Handling by Agrochemical Users in Plateau State, Nigeria ». ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7137.

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Agrochemical use has been increasing in both developing and the developed nations. The unsafe handling and use of agrochemicals can lead to accumulation of hazardous chemicals in the body, causing adverse effects on health. This quantitative cross sectional study sought to understand the level of awareness, practices, and perceptions of safe chemical handling by agrochemical using the Theory of Planned Behavior. This study was conducted among 260 farmers in Plateau State, Nigeria. Data on background knowledge and practices of safe agrochemical handling by farmers were collected using a structured paper based, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics revealed that the most practiced precautions by participants were washing work clothes separately (56.9%) and taking a shower soon after application of agrochemicals (53.6%). Findings from this study suggest that farmers had good knowledge of safe use of agrochemicals and majority of them 91.9% were knowledgeable about the possible effects of these chemicals on health. A Chi square test showed a statistically significant association between marital status and engagement in safe agrochemical handling X2 (2, N = 260) = 7.34, p <. 05 and level of education X2 (4, N = 260) = 35.12, p <. 05. Results of Binary logistic regression indicated that the variable training on safe agrochemical handling with an odds ratio 8.31 was a good predictor for safe agrochemical handling An important finding in this study however was a low level of adoption for the use of Personal Protective Equipment. Priority should be given to developing safety educational and certification programs for farmers with emphasis on the safe handling practices.

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Wagner, Cory J. « OUTREACH COORDINATOR FOR THE UNREGULATED CONTAMINANT MONITORING REGULATION : AN INTERNSHIP WITH THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ». Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1073403309.

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Fidora, Aldo Francesco. « Knowledge and Barriers to Safe Disposal of Pharmaceutical Products Entering the Environment ». ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4624.

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The use of pharmaceutical products has steadily increased in the United States from 2 billion prescriptions in 1999 to 3.9 billion in 2009. Half of patients do not comply with the recommended prescription regimen and dispose of unused drugs in the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and many researchers have highlighted the human-health risks associated with improperly disposing of pharmaceutical products. This quantitative cross-sectional study examined the potential correlations between people's actual disposal practices and their knowledge of the impact of disposal practices on the environment and human health, and availability of disposal options. The conceptual framework selected for this study comprised 2 models: the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior. Respondents to an online survey were 485 residents of the northeast United States, polled from the general population. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to model responses from the dependent variable actual disposal practice (ADP) across the independent variables, and analysis of variance explored whether ADP differed across demographic variables. Statistically significant associations emerged among individuals' knowledge of environment and human-health impact, recommended disposal practices, disposal options, and that person's likelihood to practice recommended disposal. Demographic variables did not impact disposal behavior. To promote positive social change, it is recommended that policymakers plan and implement the expansion of convenient drug disposal options, as well as information campaigns on proper disposal practices. In parallel, health care professionals should stress to their patients the importance of complying with prescribed regimens, thus minimizing the amount of unused or expired medications.

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Stoeber, Michael. « Beschaffenheitsgarantien des Verkäufers / ». Berlin : Duncker & ; Humblot, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014717578&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Yu, Zhao. « Corrosion and protections of Somaloy® components ». Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188951.

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Corrosion protection is very significant for metals in modern society from the view of industrial development. This thesis work project involves a research study that is aimed to investigate the effect of corrosion on the mechanical strength and magnetic properties of four no treated or treated Somaloy® component samples (Somaloy®700 1P, Somaloy®700 3P, Somaloy®700HR 5P and Somaloy®110i 5P) provided by Höganäs AB and laminated steel sheets by salt spray test. The coatings for protection are phosphoric acid coating, sodium silicate coating, DCA-Modified silicone conformal coating and water-borne single coat paint respectively. Then the protective properties are evaluated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution after 7 days exposure. From transverse rupture strength (TRS) and hysteresis loop measurements by salt spray test, although the bar samples are treated coating, the corrosion decreases the mechanical strength to a certain extent more or less over time. For the magnetic properties, the corrosive environments hardly influence the magnetic parameters of the no treated or four types of coatings treated Somaloy® components. But the all kinds of magnetic parameters for laminated ring samples have a great variation after salt spray test. In the EIS measurements, for the no treated samples, the initial corrosion resistance is only several hundred ohms and decreases after 1 hour, 8 hours and 1day exposure, then increases to a certain extent with time due to the corrosion products formed on the surface. For the sodium silicate coating, the initial corrosion resistance is approximately several ten thousands ohms and decreases rapidly only after 1 day exposure to several hundred ohms due to the sodium silicate film dissolves in the electrolyte solution and has no effective protective property. Then the following corrosion process is almost same as the no treated samples. For the water-borne single coat paint, the initial corrosion resistance can reach to several Giga-ohms and decreases over time, but can still stay at level, indicating that this coating has a very good and effective protective properties. EIS experiments indicate that water-borne single coat paint has a more effective protection than sodium silicate coating and can apply a better corrosion protection for the Somaloy® components Key words: corrosion protection, soft magnetic composites, phosphoric acid coating, sodium silicate coating, DCA-Modified silicone conformal coating , water-borne single coat paint, salt spray test, TRS, hysteresis loop, EIS

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Srisomwong, Rung, et n/a. « The protection of pre-registration rights in land : a comparative study of gazumping in Australian and other juridictions ». University of Canberra. Law, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060725.124549.

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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the problem of gazumping, to consider the various factors which give rise to it, to examine the adequacy of existing legal doctrine in redressing it, to explore statutory provisions designed to reduce gazumping and to propose reform of the law to address the problem. The term gazumping refers to a practice by which a vendor accepts a purchaser's offer to purchase land or property, and before exchanging contracts, withdraws from the existing agreement in order to accept a higher price from another purchaser. This thesis proceeds on the assumption that gazumping is an undesirable practice, particularly from the prospective purchaser' perspective. The practice of gazumping initially boomed in a volatile property market with constantly rising house prices and where demand exceeded supply. A purchaser who believes he or she has secured the purchase of his or her desired property may suffer emotional stress and significant costs which cannot be recovered when the vendor reneges on his or her agreement. The thesis notes that gazumping occurs at the pre-contractual stage in the sale of property because there is no legally binding relationship before the formal exchange of contracts. The thesis posits that the existing law in various Australian jurisdictions offers inadequate protection to prospective purchasers of property. The thesis examines the inadequacy of existing legal doctrines and remedies in addressing the problem of gazumping at the pre-contractual stage and arrives at the conclusion that existing legal doctrine is inadequate. The thesis notes legislative and other measures in response to gazumping in Australia and other common law jurisdictions and concludes that these too were inadequate in not going far enough to eliminate or reduce gazumping. The competing merits of these approaches are considered. The thesis establishes that the solution to gazumping lies in an early protection of the purchaser�s interest in land. This is because as soon as an agreement is enforceable the purchaser acquires an equitable interest and in the event of any breach of the agreement by the vendor, the purchaser, as a general rule, can obtain either damages or specific performance. The thesis raises seven key recommendations for law reform aimed to minimise the occurrence of gazumping and to provide the purchaser with tools against the practice of gazumping. It considers that the recommendations can minimise the undesirable practice of gazumping where the current law is inadequate and also achieve several other objectives.

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Bahadir, Aydan. « Development Of The Eu Asylum Policy:preventing The Access To Protection ». Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605209/index.pdf.

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This thesis analyzes the ignored humanitarian concerns in the development of the EU Asylum Policy. As a result of the strict migration control concerns, EU has engaged in forming a new regional refugee protection system which is tacitly based on limiting the access of protection seekers to the EU territories. In that context, the thesis aims to assess the scope and impact of the externalizing tendencies in the EU asylum policy development and thereby aims to attract the attention to the contradiction that EU falls in its human rights and refugee protection commitments while trying to prevent refugees from arriving to the Union&rsquo
s territories. To this aim, after giving a general account of the development of EU Asylum competence, the thesis will extensively deal with the pre-entry and the post-entry access prevention measures which act to serve to this access prevention strategy. Under pre-entry access prevention measures, the thesis will deal with the visa requirement, carrier sanctions and other complementary tools which prevent the protection seekers from ever arriving at the EU territory. Under the post-entry access prevention mechanisms the thesis will analyze the &lsquo
safe third country&rsquo
and &lsquo
host third country&rsquo
implementations and readmission agreements which aim to divert the protections seekers summarily out of the EU territories. In analyzing these policies, the thesis will try to demonstrate how EU Member States try to shirk their non-refoulment obligation, which is the heart of the refugee protection regime, through applying legitimate deemed means.

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Tarek, El-bashiti. « Trehalose Metabolism In Wheat And Identification Of Trehalose Metabolizing Enzymes Under Abiotic Stress Conditions ». Phd thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/1102482/index.pdf.

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Trehalose (&
#945
-D-glucopyranosyl-1,1-&
#945
-D-glucopyranoside) is a non reducing disaccharide of glucose that occurs in a large variety of organisms, ranging from bacteria to invertebrate animals, where it serves as an energy source or stress protectant. Until recently, only few plant species, mainly desiccation tolerant &
#8216
resurrection&
#8217
plants, were considered to synthesize trehalose. Although most plant species do not appear to accumulate easily detectable amounts of trehalose, the discovery of genes for trehalose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis and in a range of crop plants suggests that the ability to synthesize trehalose is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. In this study, three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) Tosun, Bolal (stress tolerant) and Ç
akmak (stress sensitive) were analysed for the presence of trehalose. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, trehalose was unambiguously identified in extracts from seeds and seedlings of three different wheat cultivars (Bolal, Tosun and Ç
akmak). The trehalose amount was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography connected with refractory index detector. Effects of drought and salt stress on trehalose contents of wheat cultivars were studied at seedling level and trehalose analysis was achieved both on shoot and root tissues. It was found that trehalose had accumulated under salt and drought stress conditions in all wheat cultivars. The highest trehalose accumulation was detected in roots of Bolal cultivar under drought stress condition. Furthermore, trehalose metabolizing enzymes
trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalase enzyme activities were measured in roots and shoots of Bolal and Ç
akmak cultivars under control, salt and drought stress conditions. The most interesting results that we found that TPS activity sharply increased under stress conditions. The activity of TPS in roots under drought stress condition was the highest and reached to 3-4 times of its activity under control condition. The increase in the activity of TPS showed parallelism with trehalose accumulation under stress condition. Trehalase activity in Bolal cultivar decreased under both salt and drought stress conditions, however there was no significant change in trehalase activity of Ç
akmak variety.

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Jeloschek, Christoph. « Examination and notification duties in consumer sales law how far should we go in protecting the consumer ? » München Sellier, Europ. Law Publ, 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2674711&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Jeloschek, Christoph. « Examination and notification duties in consumer sales law : how far should we go in protecting the consumer ? / ». München : Sellier European Law Publ, 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2674711&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.

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Almario, David R. « The Ability of the U.S. Military’s WBGT-based Flag System to Recommend Safe Heat Stress Exposures ». Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7727.

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The U.S. military currently uses a flag system based on wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and metabolic rate to recommend heat stress exposure limits. This paper addresses the ability of the flag system to recommend safe heat exposures in a non-military population. Two progressive heat stress studies provided data on 528 observations of safe or unsafe exposures of 4 hours over a range of WBGT conditions and metabolic rates using 29 participants wearing woven cotton clothing. For the two studies, range of WBGT conditions was 25 to 42C, and the range of metabolic rates was 100 to 650 watts. These exposures were compared with the flag system’s recommendations of safe exposure to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the flag system. A separate study provided 62 observations with participants undergoing a time-limited protocol at constant WBGT conditions. Observed durations of safe exposure time were compared to the flag system’s recommended safe limits to determine sensitivity and specificity. Based on the progressive protocol, sensitivity and specificity of the flag system for five ranges of WBGT and three categories of metabolic rate were 0.98 and 0.25, respectively. For the time-limited protocol, which applied only to the highest range of WBGT and light and moderate metabolic rate, both sensitivity and specificity were zero. This study suggests that the flag system has high sensitivity but low specificity for long duration exposures, along with low sensitivity and specificity for time-limited exposures. However, the WBGT exposures in the time-limited trials were substantially higher than the threshold for the highest WBGT range in the flag system, which may account for the system’s unexpected performance in the time-limited protocol.

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Herre, Johnny. « Ersättningar i köprätten : särskilt om skadeståndsberäkning ». Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Rättsvetenskap (RV), 1996. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1416.

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Al-Shenawa, Amaal Abdallah Ali. « Effectiveness of Fillers for Corrosion Protection of AISI-SAE 1018 Steel in Sea Salt Solution ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984141/.

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Corrosion represents the single most frequent cause for product replacement or loss of product functionality with a 5% coat to the industrial revenue generation of any country in this dissertation the efficacy of using filled coatings as a protection coating are investigated. Fillers disrupt the polymer-substrate coating interfacial area and lead to poor adhesion. Conflicting benefits of increasing surface hardness and corrosion with long term durability through loss of adhesion to the substrate are investigated. The effects of filler type, filler concentration and exposure to harsh environments such as supercritical carbon dioxide on salt water corrosion are systematically investigated. The constants maintained in the design of experiments were the substrate, AISI-SAE 1018 steel substrate, and the corrosive fluid synthetic sea salt solution (4.2 wt%) and the polymer, Bismaleimide (BMI). Adhesion strength through pull-off, lap shear and shear peel tests were determined. Corrosion using Tafel plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was conducted. Vickers hardness was used to determine mechanical strength of the coatings. SEM and optical microscopy were used to examine dispersion and coating integrity. A comparison of fillers such as alumina, silica, hexagonal boron nitride, and organophilic montmorillonite clay (OMMT) at different concentrations revealed OMMT to be most effective with the least decrease in adhesion from filler-substrate contact. Subsequently examining filler concentration, a 3 wt% OMMT was found to be most effective. A comparison of unmodified and modified BMI with 3 wt% OMMT exposed and not exposed to supercritical carbon dioxide showed that the BMI provided better corrosion protection; however, OMMT provided better wear, shear, and hardness performance.

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Al-Ansari, Mae. « Masked in the Protective Act : Women, Public Housing & ; the Construction of ''Modern/National'' Identities in Kuwait ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1479817691274608.

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Gadt, Jeff W. « Hydrogeology and Hydrochemistry of the East-Central Portion of The Salt Lake Valley, Utah, as Applied to Wellhead Protection in a Confined To Semiconfined Aquifer ». DigitalCommons@USU, 1994. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6781.

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The Safe Drinking Water Act includes provisions for state wellhead protection programs which address wellhead protection areas. In Utah, these areas are called drinking water source protection (DWSP) zones. Zones Two and Three are delineated according to analytical or numerical techniques, which are based on hydrogeological and time-of-travel data, as well as recharge information, accumulated through the use of hydrogeologic and hydrochemical techniques. The primary conclusions of this research are: 1) A fence diagram and site hydrostratigraphic diagram show that the hydrogeology is more complex than previously has been thought . The principal aquifer at the target well site comprises a sequence of mostly coarse-grained units interspersed with thinner fine-grained units. The supposedly unconfined shallow aquifer is confined in most parts of the valley, including the target well site. 2) The recovery rate of water levels in the monitor wells in response to pumping of the target well indicates that horizontal groundwater flow velocities are low at the target well site. X 3) Interpretation of major ions relative to the depth of uppermost open interval of the various sample wells indicates that the deeper of the three major water-bearing zones (below 300 to 350 feet [91 to 107 meters]) is not well connected to the upper two zones. 4) The chemical evolution of the water along the westernmost of three discrete flowpaths indicates a change from young calcium bicarbonate water to moderately mature sodium-sulfate water. 5) Sample waters recharged from the northern Wasatch Mountains have higher total-dissolved-solids (TDS) contents then sample waters recharged from the southern Wasatch Mountains . 6) The discrepancy between many of the δ18O, δD, and tritium data as to the probable recharge area(s) indicate that the sample wells must be evaluated on an individual basis regarding the source of recharge water. 7) The tritium data demonstrate that those wells located farthest out into the valley or having the deepest uppermost open interval furnish the lowest tritium values. 8) Based on the 14C dating technique , the groundwater at the target well site appears to be between 1300 and 5300 years old. 9) There is little risk of contamination at the target well site, in terns of the 15-year time-of-travel DWSP zone (Zone 3).

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Wilson, Jessica P. « Source Water Protection Planning in Ohio : Assessing the Integration of Land Use Planning and Water Management for Safe and Sustainable Public Drinking Water Sources ». The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1593616149140822.

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Winkle, Thomas Michael [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Bengler, Eric [Gutachter] Hilgendorf et Klaus [Gutachter] Bengler. « Requirements to develop safe automated vehicles : A dilemma between innovation and consumer protection / Thomas Michael Winkle ; Gutachter : Eric Hilgendorf, Klaus Bengler ; Betreuer : Klaus Bengler ». München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1236692241/34.

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Ludwig, Johannes. « Präventive Sicherungsmaßnahmen für Kulturgüter auf der Grundlage des humanitären Völkerrechts und die Fortentwicklung durch das Konzept der Safe Havens ». Beiträge des UNESCO-Lehrstuhls für Internationale Beziehungen, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33836.

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Das Ausmaß der Zerstörung von Kulturgut im bewaffneten Konflikt stellt die internationale Gemeinschaft vor neue Herausforderungen. In vorliegender Arbeit werden die Präventionspflichten der Staaten in Friedenszeiten nach dem Humanitären Völkerrecht in Abgrenzung zu friedensvertraglichen Regelungen beleuchtet. Dabei werden zur Konzeptualisierung der Prävention die Dimensionen der Verhaltens- und der Verhältnisprävention unterschieden und auf die Normen des Völkerrechts übertragen. Das aufkommende Konzept des safe haven wird als potentiell präventive Maßnahme analysiert und kritisch gewürdigt.

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38

Rouèche, Emilie. « Influence des paramètres de vibrations sur la rhéologie d'un milieu granulaire : Application au remplissage des fusibles ». Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012118.

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L'une des façons de protéger une installation électrique d'une surintensité est d'utiliser un fusible. Les fusibles de la société Ferraz Shawmut contiennent du sable facilitant l'extinction de l'arc électrique créé par la surintensité. L'optimisation de l'arrangement des grains de sable grâce à une vibration permet d'améliorer les propriétés des fusibles. Des éprouvettes de sable, préparées par pluiviation, sont vibrées à différentes fréquences et accélérations. Le comportement dynamique des grains de sable et la compacité montrent une dépendance vis-à-vis de l'amplitude de vibration. Une modélisation énergétique des états vibratoires est réalisée. Une étude de dimensionnement des fusibles montre que dans le cas de vibrations verticales, l'effet de la hauteur de sable sur la compacité du milieu granulaire est prédominant. Tandis que le diamètre des récipients modifie le système convectif. La caractérisation d'empilements granulaires vibrés relaxés par tomographie X montre que les vibrations ne créent pas de ségrégation. Une étude de la compacité locale et des mesures d'intercepts dans les phases "grains" et "pores" permettent l'étude du tassement (dilatation). Des hétérogénéités de structures sont également détectées.

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39

Beesetty, Pavani. « Role of bax, ibpA, ibpB and cspH Genes in Protecting CFT073 (Uropathogenic Escherichia coli) Against Salt and Urea Stress ». Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1364042868.

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Botha, Werner. « Investigating the Sherwin Williams Sales Model : towards developing a similar model in South Africa ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97279.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Retailing is a common modern day phenomenon for which there are many angles of research widely and easily available. Retailing in the context of the global paint and coatings industry however, is a more specified and unique field of study of which resources for research are few. Having had the opportunity of a first-hand close-up inside look into, not only one of the world’s leading paint and coatings companies, but also the global leader in company-owned paint and coatings retailing. This global leader not only led to the origin of my research, but also rekindled the passion within for the global paint and coatings industry and trade. Prior to my employment by PPG, towards the end of 2013, I intentionally embarked on a journey with The Sherwin Williams Company during 2011 to 2013, in collaboration with my current employer at the time, Duraline paints, who afforded me the opportunity only a few people had or ever will.. During the course of four years, I had the opportunity to not only meet a series of wonderful people across the various segments, as well as internal departments of the Sherwin Williams Company globally. Additionally I also had the opportunity to visit the company’s headquarters, 101 Prospector Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, on numerous occasions whilst staying in close proximity for the duration of the training and strategic planning sessions, in preparation to duplicate the SHW in South Africa. During my involvement with The Sherwin Williams Company, it was evident that the backbone of the company’s sales model, was the consistency as well as continuous growth of the Paint Stores Group; which is the leading North American retail segment of SHW. Since 2011, in an effort to establish the best method of implementation of this sales model in South Africa, various concepts were explored from several angles. It became evident that much research was required to establish feasibility of the SHW sales model in South Africa. Preliminary research however, would have had to be conducted of what the SHW sales model entailed and how it would benefit the company in being a global leader, thereby also exploring the possibility of it being an industry best practice as foundation to what was precisely required to be implemented in South Africa, prior to establishing feasibility in South Africa. The preliminary research became the primary and sole focus of this research project, not only fulfilling the research needs as explained above, but also to serve as evidence of what I perceived the SHW company and the Paint Stores Group to be whilst dealing with the company.

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41

Farley, Céline. « The promotion of safe behaviours at the community level : evaluation of a bicycle helmet-wearing campaign among 5- to 12-year-old children / ». Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-685-5/.

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Rootman, Lemmer. « Same sex families' resilience processes associated with family identity ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60980.

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The purpose of the study was to identify the risk- and protective factors to the family identity experienced by same sex family systems, as well as the resilience processes implemented by these family systems. It forms part of a broader study, and aimed to provide additional information in order to support researchers, health care practitioners, and family therapists in working with same sex family systems. Secondary data analysis was conducted on 21 transcribed interviews, which included 14 lesbian, 4 gay, 1 bisexual, and 12 child participants living in the Western Cape and Gauteng provinces. Risk and protective factors were found within the individual, family, and community contexts. Resilience processes identified from the family resilience framework were clarity in communication, open emotional expression, positive outlook, meaning making through adversity, flexibility and connectedness.
Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Educational Psychology
MEd
Unrestricted

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43

Shammo, Johannes Hanna, et Saad Faris Asaad Betti. « Skyddsutrustningen och logistikens påverkan på effektiviteten och olyckshändelserna ». Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260328.

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The bachelor thesis was performed in cooperation with Erlandsson Bygg Öst. The purpose of this thesis is to find out how the personal protective equipment (PPE) and logistics increase the efficiency of the work and reduce the risk of accidents at building site. The project was to investigate the factors that impact the efficiency and activities some increase the risk for accidence. The study discusses only the PPE and logistics, because it considers as an important for building production. The motivation of this thesis is to look into the factors that can reduce the risk of accident in the future and make it more effective on the building method. In order to carry out the bachelor thesis there has been a combination of literature studies, questionnaires and interviews. The literature studies were in form of books and digital websites. And the interview performed with 2 managers. The questionnaires handed out to the worker that was at building site. After the work has been done was able to draw conclusion about which factors increase the risk of accidents and which factors affect the efficiency. The communication and APD-plan are the shortage of using of the PPE and problem in logistic is the factors that impact the efficiency and accidents. The recommendation has been presented to the company to raise awareness to increase efficiency and reduce the incidence of accidents.

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Зубро, А. Б., et A. B. Zubro. « Cовершенствование механизмов гражданской защиты населения муниципального образования : магистерская диссертация ». Master's thesis, б. и, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/98037.

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В процессе исследований было проанализирована гражданская защита населения муниципального образования города Мегион; уточнены понятия: «гражданская защита», «механизм гражданской защиты населения»; определены роль и место гражданской защиты в городе Мегион, основная функция которой заключается в защите населения города от разрушительного воздействия негативных явлений стихийного и техногенного происхождения; проведенный анализ гражданской защиты населения города показал основные проблемные вопросы касающиеся гражданской защиты населения; разработан проект по совершенствованию механизмов гражданской защиты населения.
During the research, civil protection was analyzed the population of the municipality of the city of megion; clarified concepts:"civil protection", "mechanism of civil protection of the population";defined the role and place of civil protection in the city of megion, the main whose function is to protect the city's population from the destructive impact of negative phenomena of natural and technogenic origin; analysis of civil protection the population of the city showed the main problematic issues concerning civil protection of the population; a project to improve mechanisms of civil protection of the population.

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Johnsson, Lovisa. « Dataskyddsförordningens tillämplighet vid personuppgiftshantering i molntjänster : En studie av Dataskyddsförordningen, utifrån perspektivet användande av molntjänster ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-137192.

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För att förbättra säkerhetsarbetet och för att skapa harmonisering inom EU vad gäller skydd av personuppgifter antogs i april år 2016 en ny EU-förordning om dataskydd, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), även benämnd Dataskyddsförordningen. Förordningen börjar gälla som lag i Sverige först den 25 maj år 2018. Införandet av förordningen kommer innebära att Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv 95/46/EG av den 24 oktober 1995 om skydd för enskilda personer med avseende på behandling av personuppgifter och om det fria flödet av sådana uppgifter samt Personuppgiftslagen (1998:204) (PUL) upphör att gälla. Det huvudsakliga syftet med Dataskyddsförordningen är att ytterligare harmonisera och effektivisera skyddet av personuppgifter för att förbättra den inre marknadens funktion samt att öka den enskildas kontroll över sina personuppgifter. Dataskyddsförordningen är direkt tillämplig som lag i samtliga medlemsländer och kommer efter ikraftträdande utgöra grunden för generell personuppgiftsbehandling inom hela EU. Det har under de senaste åren blivit allt mer vanligt att företag, organisationer, kommuner och myndigheter använder sig av molntjänster. Molntjänster är intressanta ur ett juridiskt perspektiv eftersom de mest uppmärksammade juridiska frågeställningarna angående molntjänster är frågor hänförliga till hantering av personuppgifter och säkerhet. I uppsatsen redogörs för införandet av Dataskyddsförordningen (GDPR) utifrån perspektivet företags, organisationer, kommuners och myndigheters användande av molntjänster. I uppsatsen beskrivs även molntjänsters funktioner och egenskaper. Dataskyddsförordningen är nyligen antagen och utgör ännu inte svensk lag, förordningen baseras däremot i stora delar på Dataskyddsdirektivets innehåll och struktur. Dataskyddsdirektivet och PUL studeras därför i uppsatsen för att få en förståelse för bestämmelserna i Dataskyddsförordningen. Molntjänster finns i flera olika tekniska lösningar och är även gränsöverskridande, vilket innebär att användande av molntjänster i vissa fall innebär att personuppgifter överförs till ett tredje land. Uppsatsen behandlar därmed tillämpliga bestämmelser avseende överföringar av personuppgifter till tredje land. Uppsatsen avslutas med en analys och en slutsats. I slutsatsen konstateras att förordningen ger ett förstärkt skydd för den registrerade vid hantering av personuppgifter i molntjänster samt att förordningens utökade territoriella tillämpningsområde innebär att förordningen är bättre anpassad till molntjänstanvändande. Vidare konstateras i slutsatsen att rättsläget för överföringar av personuppgifter till USA med stöd av Privacy Shield-överenskommelsen för närvarande är osäkert.

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Entekhabi, Saleh [Verfasser], et Sven [Akademischer Betreuer] Otto. « Novel protective function of an isoprenoid, geranylgeraniol (GGOH), in human bone cells treated with zoledronate : an in vitro study / Saleh Entekhabi ; Betreuer : Sven Otto ». München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206877901/34.

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Faraj, Essalhin. « Le contrat électronique ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D076.

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Les activités du commerce électronique et le cadre juridique qui en découle soulèvent des questions pertinentes, en particulier celle de la protection du consommateur lors de la formation du contrat.Dans cette thèse, nous avons abordé les règles juridiques relatives au contrat électronique afin d’assurer la cohérence entre ces règles et le droit commun du contrat. Nous avons constaté que les contrats électroniques sont également soumis à des règles juridiques qui encadrent l’obligation du vendeur et de l’acheteur, la livraison, la réception, le paiement, la signature du contrat, le droit de rétractation, la garantie, etc.Les questions de la compétence juridictionnelle et la loi applicable étaient également envisagés, car le contrat électronique peut faire l’objet d’un litige international.Enfin, nous avons constaté que la valeur juridique du contrat électronique dépend en principe de la valeur juridique de l’écriture et de la signature électronique
E-commerce activities and the legal frame that results from them raise many relevant questions. Especially those related to the consumer protection at the moment of conclusion and implementation of the contract.In this study we analyzed the legal regulations that govern electronic contracts in order to establish correlations with common law regulation. We noticed that E-contracts are also subject to legal rules framed by the obligations of the seller and the buyer such as delivery, reception, payment, signature of the contract, the right to withdrawal, etc.E-contracts constitute an issue of international controversy. The rules of competences of jurisdiction and the applicable laws are especially disputed.We concluded that the legal value of electronic contracts depends to a great extent on the legal value of the electronic writing and signature

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Monteiro, Nivaldo Aparecido Pedro. « Crimes e relação de consumo : aplicabilidade do processo penal em empreendimentos gastronômicos ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6245.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nivaldo Aparecido Pedro Monteiro.pdf: 837970 bytes, checksum: b0d96d319627e60b89f4b03ca93a3248 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-16
This research aims to demonstrate that the Criminal Code and the Consumer Protection (Law 8.078/90) are many times ignored by owners, employees and customers of gastronomic ventures. Since July 2010, all the shops and services in the country are required to keep available for consultation with clients the Code of Consumer Protection, in a conspicuous and easily accessible. The study will classify the probable frauds committed by eating establishments and identifying the penalties that should be imposed on the author in case of noncompliance with the law. Will be checked also the possible use of the Code of Criminal Procedure, Law No. 12.403, of May 4, 2011 amending the provisions of Decree-Law No. 3,689, of October 3, 1941, relating to procedural arrest, bail, temporary freedom and other precautionary measures beyond the application of adequate alternative measures that guide the ways to prevent and deter these crimes, increasing their effectiveness in protecting the consumer. It is also necessary to apply the Criminal Code against any illegal practices committed by entrepreneurs in this sector, that hurt consumer relations and thus identify the standards applicable to food establishments that may charge penalties when these entrepreneurs are not observed
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo demonstrar que o Código Penal e o Código de Defesa do Consumidor (Lei 8.078/90) são por muitas vezes ignorados por proprietários, funcionários e clientes de empreendimentos gastronômicos. Desde julho de 2010, todos os estabelecimentos comerciais e de prestação de serviços do país estão obrigados a manter disponíveis para a consulta dos seus clientes o Código de Defesa do Consumidor, em local visível e de fácil acesso. O estudo irá classificar as prováveis fraudes cometidas por estabelecimentos de alimentação e identificar as penas que devem ser impostas ao autor no caso de descumprimento da lei. Será verificada também a possível utilização do Código de Processo Penal, da Lei nº 12.403, de 4 de maio de 2011 que altera dispositivos do Decreto-Lei nº 3.689, de 3 de outubro de 1941, relativos à prisão processual, fiança, liberdade provisória e demais medidas cautelares além da aplicação das medidas alternativas adequadas, que norteiam os caminhos para evitar e deter estes crimes, alcançando sua eficácia na proteção do consumidor. É necessário também aplicar o Código Penal contra eventuais práticas ilegais cometidas pelos empresários desse setor, que ferem as relações de consumo e assim identificar as normas aplicáveis aos estabelecimentos de alimentação que podem imputar sanções penais aos empreendedores quando tais não forem observadas

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Boige, François. « Caractérisation et modélisation électrothermique compacte étendue du MOSFET SiC en régime extrême de fonctionnement incluant ses modes de défaillance : application à la conception d'une protection intégrée au plus proche du circuit de commande ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0084/document.

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Le défi de la transition vers une énergie sans carbone passe, aujourd’hui, par un recours systématique à l’énergie électrique avec au centre des échanges l’électronique de puissance. Pour être à la hauteur des enjeux, l'électronique de puissance nécessite des composants de plusen plus performants pour permettre un haut niveau d'intégration, une haute efficacité énergétique et un haut niveau de fiabilité. Aujourd’hui, le transistor de puissance, du type MOSFET, en carbure de silicium (SiC) est une technologie de rupture permettant de répondre aux enjeux d’intégration et d’efficacité par un faible niveau de perte et une vitesse de commutation élevée. Cependant, leur fiabilité non maitrisée et leur faible robustesse aux régimes extrêmes du type court-circuit répétitifs freinent aujourd’hui leur pénétration dans les applications industrielles. Dans cette thèse, une étude poussée du comportement en court-circuit d'un ensemble exhaustif de composants commerciaux, décrivant toutes les variantes structurelles et technologiques en jeu, a été menée sur un banc de test spécifique développé durant la thèse, afin de quantifier leur tenue au courtcircuit. Cette étude a mis en lumière des propriétés à la fois génériques et singulières aux semiconducteurs en SiC déclinés en version MOSFET tel qu’un courant de fuite dynamique de grille et un mode de défaillance par un court-circuit grille-source amenant, dans certaines conditions d'usage et pour certaines structures de MOSFET, à un auto-blocage drain-source. Une recherchesystématique de la compréhension physique des phénomènes observés a été menée par une approche mêlant analyse technologique interne des composants défaillants et modélisation électrothermique fine. Une modélisation électrothermique compacte étendue à la prise en compte des modes de défaillance a été établie et implémentée dans un logiciel de type circuit. Ce modèle a été confronté à de très nombreux résultats expérimentaux sur toutes les séquences temporelles décrivant un cycle de court-circuit jusqu'à la défaillance. Ce modèle offre un support d'analyse intéressant et aussi une aide à la conception des circuits de protection. Ainsi, à titre d'application, un driver doté d'une partie de traitement numérique a été conçu et validé en mode de détection de plusieurs scénarii de court-circuit mais aussi potentiellement pour la détection de la dégradation de la grille du composant de puissance. D’autres travaux plus exploratoires ont aussi été menés en partenariat avec l’Université de Nottingham afin d’étudier l'impact de régimes de court-circuit impulsionnels répétés sur le vieillissement de puces en parallèle présentant des dispersions. La propagation d'un premier mode de défaillance issu d'un composant "faible" a aussi été étudiée. Ce travail ouvre la voie à la conception de convertisseurs intrinsèquement sûrs et disponibles en tirant parti des propriétés atypiques et originales des semi-conducteurs en SiC et du MOSFET en particulier
Nowaday, the challenge of the transition to carbon-free energy involves a systematic use of electrical energy with power electronics at the heart of the exchanges. To meet the challenges, power electronics requires increasingly high-performance devices to provide a high level of integration, high efficiency and a high level of reliability. Today, the power transistor, of the MOSFET type, made of silicon carbide (SiC) is a breakthrough technology that allows us to meet the challenges of integration and efficiency through their low level of loss and high switching speed. However, their limited reliability and low robustness at extreme operating conditions such as repetitive short-circuits are now hindering their expansion in industrial applications. In this thesis, an in-depth study of the short-circuit behaviour of an exhaustive set of commercial devices, describing all the structural and technological variants involved, was carried out on a specific test bench developed during the thesis, in order to quantify their short-circuit resistance. This study highlighted both generic and singular properties of SiC semiconductors for every Mosfet version such as a dynamic gate leakage current and a failure mode by a short-circuit grid-source leading, under certain conditions of use and for certain Mosfet structures, to a self-blocking drain-source. A systematic research of the physical understanding of the observed mechanisms was carried out by an approach combining an internal technological analysis of the failed devices and a fine electrothermal modelling. A compact electrothermal modeling extended to failure mode consideration has been established and implemented in circuit software. This model was confronted with numerous experimental results describing a short-circuit cycle up to failure. This model offers an interesting analytical support and also helps the design of protection circuits. Thus, as an application, a driver equipped with a digital processing part has been designed and validated in detection mode for several short-circuit scenarios but also potentially for the detection of the degradation of the power component grid. Other more exploratory work has also been carried out in partnership with the University of Nottingham to study the impact of repeated pulse short-circuit regimes on the aging of parallel chips with dispersions. The propagation of a first failure mode from a "weak" device was also studied. This work paves the way for the design of intrinsically safe and available converters by taking advantage of the atypical and original properties of SiC semiconductors and Mosfet in particular

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Maia, Josemir Moura. « RestriÃÃo de crescimento induzida por estresse salino como uma estratÃgia de defesa oxidativa em raÃzes de feijÃo-caupi ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1818.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
A presente tese propÃs testar a hipÃtese de que a reduÃÃo no comprimento de raÃzes de feijÃo-caupi, tratadas com NaCl, pode estÃ relacionada com mudanÃas na atividade de enzimas antioxidantes intracelulares e apoplÃsticas. Isto seria relacionado ao aumento e/ou controle da concentraÃÃo de espÃcies reativas oxigÃnio por mecanismos enzimÃticos que controlam o crescimento. O trabalho foi subdividido em 5 capÃtulos independentes e interligados. O primeiro capÃtulo trata de uma revisÃo teÃrica do tema abordado na tese justificando-a e colocando em evidÃncia a relevÃncia cientÃfica do trabalho. Esta revisÃo trata de todos os aspectos abordados na tese, alÃm de temas conexos como a descriÃÃo das vias sinalizaÃÃo ativadas sobre estresse salino e algumas molÃculas sinalizadoras. No capÃtulo 2, avaliou-se o efeito do NaCl no comprimento da raiz, conteÃdo relativo de Ãgua (CRA), teor de massa seca, concentraÃÃo de Na+ e relaÃÃo K+/Na+ alÃm da atividade de dismutase de superÃxido (SOD), peroxidase de ascorbato (APX), peroxidase de fenÃis (POX) e catalase (CAT) nas cultivares PÃrola (sensÃvel) e PitiÃba (resistente) de feijÃo-caupi, contrastantes quanto Ã resistÃncia ao estresse salino e oxidativo no estÃdio de germinaÃÃo. Este trabalho possibilitou concluir que embora as cultivares apresentem grau de sensibilidade diferenciado ao NaCl e estresse oxidativo, no estÃdio de germinaÃÃo, essas caracterÃsticas nÃo sÃo mantidas no estÃdio fisiolÃgico de plantula. AlÃm disso, os parÃmetros avaliados nÃo foram capazes de determinar diferenÃas contrastantes entre as duas cultivares que pudessem classificÃ-las como resistente e/ou susceptÃvel ao sal. No intuito de compreender melhor os mecanismos antioxidantes das cultivares estudadas e avaliar se a concentraÃÃo de NaCl interfere na reposta das mesmas, no capÃtulo 3 determinou-se comprimento radicular, CRA e concentraÃÃo de Na+, alÃm das atividades de SOD, APX, CAT e POX em raÃzes de plÃntulas tratadas com 0; 25; 50; 75 e 100 mM de NaCl durante dois dias. Este capÃtulo possibilitou concluir que a resposta no crescimento e na atividade de enzimas antioxidantes Ã dependente da dose e da cultivar. Ademais, verificou-se que um sistema envolvendo a atividade de POX poderia estar associado tanto Ã manutenÃÃo dos nÃveis de H2O2 quanto Ã reduÃÃo no comprimento radicular. Para determinar se os mecanismos antioxidantes sÃo dependentes do tempo de exposiÃÃo ao NaCl, no capÃtulo 4, raÃzes de feijÃo-caupi da cultivar PitiÃba foram tratadas com 0; 50 e 100 mM de NaCl durante 0; 24; 48; 72 e 96 horas. Neste capÃtulo, demonstrou-se que a reduÃÃo no comprimento radicular, depende da dose e do tempo de exposiÃÃo ao NaCl e que os efeitos sÃo acompanhados por um acÃmulo de Na+ nos tecidos, embora isto nÃo leve a uma peroxidaÃÃo de lipÃdeos. Este capÃtulo tambÃm levantou dÃvidas com relaÃÃo ao envolvimento das enzimas SOD, APX, CAT e POX durante o crescimento. Para contribuir com a elucidaÃÃo desses mecanismos o capÃtulo 5 envolveu pelo menos 3 experimentos onde as plÃntulas de feijÃo-caupi foram expostas a perÃodos de estresse de curta e longa duraÃÃo. Nestes experimentos foram relacionados o metabolismo das espÃcies reativas de oxigÃnio de apoplasto com a atividade de oxidase de NADPH (NOX), SOD apoplÃstica e POX de parede celular. Uma explicaÃÃo plausÃvel para uma relaÃÃo entre o estresse oxidativo e o estresse salino Ã que a resposta antioxidante pode simular parcialmente uma resposta hipersensitiva. As enzimas NOX, SOD apoplÃstica e POX de parede apresentaram um aumento de atividade precedido de uma explosÃo oxidativa. Adicionalmente o H2O2 pode funcionar como sinalizador celular de estresse e ser coadjuvante na lignificaÃÃo da parede.
In the present thesis, the hypothesis that the salt-induced impairment of root growth is due to changes in the symplastic and apoplastic antioxidant enzyme activity was investigated. Root growth impairment may be related to the enhancement and/or the control of the reactive oxygen species by enzymatic systems involved in growth regulation. This work was divided into five interconnected chapters. The first is a theoretical review of the approached subject and includes the scientific relevance of this study. This review details the oxidative mechanisms involved in root growth regulation under salinity, besides the signaling pathways activated under salt stress and related signaling molecules. In the chapter 2, the PÃrola (sensitive) and PitiÃba (resistant) cultivars showing contrasting responses to salt stress at germination were evaluated during the seedling stage. Four-day-old seedlings were exposed to 100 mM NaCl for two days and it was determined the root length, dry weight, relative water content (RWC), Na+ content, K+/Na+ ratio and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), phenol peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT). The obtained results were insufficient to categorize the tested cultivars as sensitive or resistant to salt stress at the seedling stage. The effect of the external NaCl concentration on the antioxidant responses in the studied cultivars was investigated in the chapter 3. It was assessed the root lenght, RWC, Na+ content and the activity of SOD, APX, CAT, and POX in seedlings treated with 0; 25; 50; 75 and 100 mM NaCl during two days. The root growth impairment was more pronounced in the PitiÃba cultivar under 100 mM NaCl. Additionally, it was verified that a metabolic network involving the POX activity could be associated with the maintenance of H2O2 levels and the root growth restriction. In the chapter 4, a time-course of the antioxidant responses were assessed in the PitiÃba cultivar. Then, the seedlings were exposed to 0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl during 0; 24; 48; 72; and 96 h and the same variables determined in the previous experiment were evaluated again. It was demonstrated that the root length reduction depends on the NaCl concentration and the time of exposure. Although the root Na+ content could suggest Na+ toxicity, no lipid peroxidation was detected. The involvement of SOD, APX, CAT, and POX activity in root growth regulation was minutely investigated in the chapter 5. Thus, the seedlings were exposed to salt stress in short- and long-term experiments. The reactive oxygen species metabolism in the apoplastic fraction was associated with the activity of NADPH oxidase (NOX), apoplastic SOD and cell wall POX. It is possible that oxidative stress and salt stress are interconnected as the antioxidant response could mimic the hypersensitive reaction. NOX, apoplastic SOD and cell wall POX showed enhanced activity preceding an oxidative burst. Additionally, H2O2 could act as an extracellular signal triggered by stress and play a role in cell wall strengthening.

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