Thèses sur le sujet « Propositions complétives – Chinois (langue) »
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Roth, Odile. « Les compléments résultatifs à valeur aspectuelle du chinois contemporain ». Paris, INALCO, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INAL0013.
Texte intégralThis dissertation presents the results of a corpus-based study of four resultative complements in contemporary Chinese: 完 wán « finish », 好 hăo « achieve », 到 dào « attain » and 掉 diào « vanish ». These resultative complements, which count among the most frequent in contemporary Chinese, are generally regarded as aspectual resultatives. Through a systematic analysis of their context of use, the author identifies three functions for these resultative complements: a lexical function, an aspectual function and a subjective function. The dissertation consists of five chapters. Chapter one presents the role played by resultative constructions in the entire verbal system of contemporary Chinese. Chapter two gives a definition of resultative constructions in contemporary Chinese and a critical overview of previous work on aspectual resultative complements. Chapter three presents the lexical function of resultative complements and observes the role they play in word-formation process ; Chapter four examines the aspectual function of resultative complements, and establishes a distinction between the marking of perfective and telicity; Chapter five presents the subjective function of resultative complements, and shows how these can allow the speaker to express subjectivity in the language. One will find in the appendix a complete list of all V-完 wán, V-好 hăo, V-到 dào, V-掉 diào occurrences found in the corpus
Xu, Shiwen. « Subordonnées complétives objets : une analyse contrastive du français et du chinois ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025PA030004.
Texte intégralObject complement subordinate clauses (SCO) play a crucial role in the construction of complex sentences in both French and Chinese. In French, these clauses are easily identifiable due to explicit conjunctions and a clear distinction between verbal moods. In contrast, recognizing SCOs in Chinese proves more challenging, given the lack of visible morphosyntactic markers. This comparative study explores the methods for delineating SCOs in both languages, using specific criteria and tests to identify these clauses, particularly in Chinese, where syntactic boundaries are less clear. We conducted an exhaustive analysis of sentences containing SCOs from four literary works, enabling a comprehensive statistical and comparative examination. The synchronic analysis reveals both similarities in the syntactic functions of SCOs in French and Chinese, as well as significant formal differences. Furthermore, a diachronic approach highlights the evolution of SCO usage over time in both languages. This research offers new insights into the mechanisms of subordination and the structural differences between French and Chinese
Wang, Zhichao. « Analyse contrastive des complétives nominales en français et en mandarin standard. Point de vue sémantico-syntaxique ». Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUL158.
Texte intégralBy adopting a semantic-syntactic perspective, this thesis is a contrastive study on nominal completive clauses in French and in standard Mandarin. The originality of this thesis lies in the fact that the study of nominal complementary clauses is a little touched subject which should be systematically developed in French as in standard Mandarin. To do this, our thesis unfolds progressively by answering the following four questions: 1. What are the syntactic functions of the nominal completive clauses with respect to the rector / determined noun in French and in standard Mandarin? 2. What are the types of nominal supplemental clauses in French and in standard Mandarin? 3. What are the semantic properties that allow certain nouns to govern / be determined by a completive clause in French and in standard Mandarin? 4. What are the semantic-syntactic links between rectifying / determined nouns and nominal completive clauses in French and in standard Mandarin? To answer these questions, we will establish the semantic-syntactic typology of nominal completive clauses in French and in standard Mandarin and we will implement it in a quantitative analysis based on two parallel corpus (a French-Mandarin standard corpus and a Mandarin standard-French corpus) which will give us results concerning the transformation of syntactic constructions of nominal completive clauses from one language to the other, which corresponds to our contrastive point of view
Jiang, Shuaijun. « La complétive objet en chinois ». Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814555.
Texte intégralLutrand-Pezant, Brigitte. « Les propositions complétives en that en anglais contemporain ». Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040212.
Texte intégralThis study, based on a computer-based corpus of over 7 000 examples, falls into three parts : first a presentation of the linguistic knowledge so far on the subject of that clauses, then a description of the forms present in the corpus together with statistics and third an analysis of their lexical and syntactic environments. The issue of the choice between that and Ø has been carefully examined. The behaviour of these clauses has been studied through literary texts of the 19th and 20th centuries as well as in journalistic and scientific writings. Oral English has been compared to written English when necessary. This research did also try to show the characteristics of South African, Irish, British and American English regarding these clauses
Jugnet, Anne. « L'extraposition des complétives objets en anglais ». Lille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL30019.
Texte intégralThe extraposition of clausal objets is characterized by the co-occurence of an apparently meaningless nominal element, it, in object position, and of a clausal constituent (in final position), which describes the object argument of the predicate. The analysis of this construction calls for a reflexion on possible mismatches between the status of (semantic) argument and that of (syntactic) complement, as well as a discussion of the function and status of the nominal element it. The description and analysis of the contexts in which the structure is used help to define the types of restriction at stake. The use of object extraposition is obviously constrained, as this structure is either obligatory or evry rare (when optional). Our hypothesis is that the constraints are imposed by the embedding predicate, and can be analysed as categorial. This construction, in which a nominal element as well as a clausal constituent can be considered to be objects selected by the predicate, also raises the issue of the syntactic and semantic differences between nominal and clausal constituents, as well as the question of how abstract entities can be referred to. In order to identify the parameters that favour or compel the extraposition of clausal objects, various features of extraposed clauses are examined. This aim is to distinguish extraposed clauses from "usual" clausal complements, and, more specifically, to identify their particular syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic properties
Kim, Bo-Kyung. « Relatives et complétives du nom en français et en coréen ». Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/kim_bk.
Texte intégralKanté, Issa. « La complétive nominale finie : entre syntaxe et sémantique : une étude contrastive anglais-francais ». Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_kante.pdf.
Texte intégralFrangedakis, Elisabeth. « Les complétives objet en grec moderne : une forme au subjonctif équivalente à une infinitive ». Paris 8, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA080019.
Texte intégralWe have proved that the neo-greek clauses of the pattern : va plus subjective, of which the subject is the same with the subject or the object of the verb of the principal sentence, are equivalent (of the semantic and syntax point of view) with the infinitive sentences of the ancien greek and french language. Some arguments : relating to the formula of the time, in the greek modern language, the infinitive (infinitive inherited from the ancien greek) and the subjective are in a complementary distribution among them. In equivalent time, when the french language put infinitive the modern greek use subjonctive mod. The french transformation of a complementary sentence from the indicative mod to a infinitive sentence is traslated in modern greek from a passage of the indicative to the subjonctive. This equivalent of sentences can be used in the frame of a traduction between the moderngreek and the languages of infinitive
Castillo, Kenny. « L'acquisition des distinctions modales de l'espagnol dans des propositions complétives par des francophones et des anglophones ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32266.
Texte intégralThis study analyses Francophones’ and Anglophones’ acquisition of Spanish indicative and subjunctive moods. Formal and functionalist semantics and pragmatics, namely two theories of meaning, Possible Worlds Theory and Relevance Theory, are the framework adopted for the description of mood distribution in this study. Concerning acquisition, the framework is the generative formal linguistics. One hundred and fifty-five learners completed a three-task test that measured their Spanish proficiency level and their ability to acquire mood selection in subordinate complement clauses. Their scores were compared to those of a control group of twenty-six native speakers. The results show no correlation between the learners’ native language and their acquisition of mood selection, but there is a positive correlation with their level of Spanish. Our results also show some areas of vulnerability during the acquisition in both groups of learners.
Mo, Jianmin. « Adjectifs et constructions comparatives en chinois contemporain ». Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H085.
Texte intégralAs the Chinese adjectives can be used not only as epithets, but also as predicates, the real existence of the Chinese adjective class is questioned by some linguists of Chinese who do not hesitate to class them as verbs and even give them the name "quality verbs". For this reason, the identification of Chinese adjective constitutes both a complicated and important task which is linked to the redefinition of parts of speech in Chinese, taking out the characteristics of adjectives different to those of other parts of speech on the one hand, and the syntactic and semantic behavioral characteristics of adjectives in comparative constructions, on the other. Our work is split into two parts. Firstly, we look for a set of criteria by which we can distinguish between the parts of speech in Chinese whilst also introducing very significant statistical results produced by groups of Chinese linguists in order to confirm our hypothesis about the existence of a class of adjectives in Chinese. Then, using Sapir's gradability theory, we carry out a sub-classification of Chinese adjectives which are predicates and a distinguish between adjectives, progressive verbs and causative verbs. In the second part based on the results obtained in the first, we interpret the different comparative relationships of adjectives and thus draw the particularities of comparative constructions in Chinese. Notably, we take an observe on comparative monemes of superiority : @bi, inferiority @@ meiyou, equality @gen. . . @yiyang and of equaling degree @you. . . Etc and thus logical and empirical analysis of negative form of comparative of superiority @@bu bi, which have often caused controversy amongst Chinese linguists
Bourdier, Valérie. « Traitement énonciatif du modal should dans des propositions interdépendantes en anglais contemporain ». Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070088.
Texte intégralThe description of the semantics of the English modal auxiliary should is problematic on account of the multiplicity of values it may take on and the diversity of the environments in which it may appear. In particular, the use of should in complex utterances is often difficult to interpret with reference to the values of weak obligation and prediction, with which it is routinely associated in independent clauses. In consequence, the use of should in such contexts is regarded by some linguists to be « marginal », devoid of semantic content or even redundant. In this corpus-based study carried out within the theoretical framework of the Theory of Enunciative Operations, the case is made for a unitary treatment of should capable of taking in the Ml range of its uses Emphasis is placed on the way meaning is constructed in context via the interplay of locating operations in four kinds of syntactic environment : content clauses in noun-phrase structures, content clauses functioning as subject in copular verb + adjectif phrase constructions, hypothetical clauses and modalizing matrix clauses. The question of the relationship between shall and should is examined from both a diachronic and a synchronic standpoint and, via the examination of a large number of authentic examples taken from contemporary written English, new light is shed on the nature of the operations underlying the -ED marker. Particular attention is paid throughout to the analysis of features relating to the subjective and inter-subjective dimension of utterances containing should
Eum, Du-Eun. « Syntaxe des verbes de communication en coréen ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627590.
Texte intégralWu, Xiaohong. « Conception d'une langue contrôlée pour un système de traduction automatique de protocoles médicaux : applications aux domaines de l'échinococcose et au clonage moléculaire ». Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA1012.
Texte intégralThis research is based on a lingusitic study to design an English-Chinese machine translation system to be applied in two sub-medical domains : echinococcosis and molecular cloning. By means of a detailled contrastive analysis, we focused on analysing the lexical, syntactic and semantic differences and the discrepancies prevalent between these two languages and which are frequently the cause of mistranslation by the machine. We compared the medical protocols translated by human translators with the protocols which were translated using the free MT systems on Internet (Systran, WordlLingo and Babelfish Translation). Some language-specific problems were thus detected and feasible solutions were explored. Therefore this research focused on designing and developing a controlled language (CL) as a supporting technique to reduce the complexity of linguistic analysis and to enhance the translation quality of the machine. While designing the CL, we also take into account the possibility of a future application of this technique in a multilingual environment. Moreover, detailed writing guidelines were designed in the form of a protocol to enable the authors of the medical protocols to compose clerer and relatively simpler sentences which would facilitate the machine to process the input sentences and thus obtain good translations
Ling, Chen. « Les étudiants chinois débutants face à la grammaire française : enjeux théoriques et propositions pédagogiques. Étude comparée de manuels et de grammaires chinois et français ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALL022.
Texte intégralThis thesis lies in the field of foreign language education. It aims at teaching and learning the grammar of French as a foreign language. In the Chinese university context, French grammar is conceived as a type of language knowledge preparing for the development of communication. It is given an important place in the classroom, in textbooks and in examinations. It often happens that Chinese students have difficulties using their grammatical knowledge appropriately adapted to the communication situations.Training students in many grammatical exercises does not automatically lead to a real mastery of a foreign language. How to position the teaching-learning of grammar so that the didactics of French is more communicative in Chinese university context ? What approach is adopted ? What exercises and activities should be developed in and outside the course ? What terminology should be used ? Based on these questions, we gathered different linguistic theories, we studied different approaches and supports through different books published in China and France to find out what will allow beginner Chinese students to learn French grammar better in their country specific context of learning, China
Li, Leilei. « Hypotaxe et parataxe dans les phrases causales-consécutives en chinois classique ». Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0020.
Texte intégralKerkalli, Huang Meng-Lan. « Réflexions et propositions pour une pédagogie des temps verbaux du français adaptée aux étudiants de Taiwan ». Université Stendhal (Grenoble ; 1970-2015), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE39017.
Texte intégralThis dissertation includes three parts, each of two chapters. In part one, chapiter one deals with the relation between linguistics and language teaching. In chapiter two, we consider the connexion between thses two fields in a more pratical approach, that is to say: how to use linguistics while working in the field of language teaching. In part two, which title is "a la rencontre d'une autre langue", chapter three is a confrontation of chinese and french. First, we explain our own conception of language, underlining how the enunciative perspective can be fruitful for linguistics as well as for language teaching. Then, chapiter four offers a contrastive analysis of the chinese and french verbal systems. In part three, we present (chapter five) the situation of french teaching in taiwan and we rise some cross-cultural issues in language teaching. Finally, chapter six makes some proposals for a pedagogy of the french verb system adapted to the chinese students in taiwan. For this, we present some facts about how chinese students learn the french tenses. Then we make a comment of how 4 grammar books and 5 textbooks (book one) explain the use of these tenses. Last, we suggest a pedagogical process composed of two steps (explinations and exercises) which is expected to be a pratical fool. All together there are 8 tools. Moreover, there is also a corpus composed of 28 annexes and refering to chapter six
Liu, Chang. « Existential Sentences in Mandarin Chinese : (Les phrases existentielles en chinois mandarin) ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080100.
Texte intégralThis dissertation investigates the syntax and semantics of four types of Existential sentences (ESs) classified by Huang (1987) in Mandarin Chinese. These ESs are based on yǒu ‘have’ (Type I), verbs of (dis)appearances like lái ‘come’ and sǐ ‘die’ (Type II), locational verbs like zuò ‘sit' (Type III) and Presentational Amalgam Constructions (Type IV). For each type of ESs, I propose non-uniform syntactic analysis based on their syntactic and semantic properties.In Chapter 2, we investigate the yǒu ‘have’-ES both in root contexts and in certain embedded contexts. Full-fledged yǒu ‘have’-ESs are composed of a pre-yǒu localiser phrase, yǒu ‘have’, a pivot and a coda. Scholars have compared them to English there be existentials (Milsark 1974, McNally 1997). In root contexts, it is argued that the ES with a subject (a localiser phrase) has a predication structure, and the pivot denotes property. By contrast, the ES without an overt subject has an expletive subject, and the pivot is an internal argument. We argue that yǒu ‘have’ is not an unaccusative verb. With a coda, the complement of yǒu ‘have’ is argued to be a left-headed Internally Headed Relative Clause, in which the internal head moves to Spec,CP of the clause (Raising Analysis, see also Simpson 2003/1997). It is further argued that this type of RC in yǒu-ESs has a common core structure with the pre-nominal relative clause with a demonstrative head noun (without the modification marker de). This is reminiscent of the analysis that definite and indefinite free relatives share a common relative clause structure in Chuj (Kotek & Erlewine 2016).In certain embedded contexts such as rúguǒ ‘if’-clause and sentential subject, the yǒu-ES does not exhibit the Definiteness Effect (Li 1996). We follow Li in analysing the complement of yǒu ‘have’ as having a vP/VP structure. We take this vP to denote event type. The subject is an expletive. Furthermore, I provide my first analysis of Presentational Amalgam Constructions (PACs). The PAC has been studied under the name Secondary Predication Constructions in the literature (Tsai 1994, Del Gobbo 2014). The term implies the analysis in which the coda is a secondary predicate. I argue that the post-verbal sequence has a relative clause, in which the pivot is the External Head, and the coda is originally left-adjoined to the pivot. Inside the coda clause, the Internal Head NP moves and gets elided against the External Head (Matching Analysis). The surface pivot-coda order is achieved as a result of the movement of the pivot to a higher object position. This analysis partially revives Tai’s (1978) analysis
Huang, Ming. « Étude contrastive des tournures concessives en français et en chinois ». Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL063.
Texte intégralThe concession is a “secondary” or “composed” linguistic concept since it combines many fundamental linguistic notions: hypothesis, temporality, causality, negation, intensity, subjectivity, etc. By relating all these crucial notions, our research examines the four most used concessive markers as well as their homologues derived from the same series in Chinese: ji shi "although" "even if", sui ran "although" "despite" (and zong ran "although" "even if"), na pa "although" "even if", jiu shi "even if" (and jiu suan "although" "even if"), as well as their equivalents in French based on previous theories and analyses in the two languages. The aim of the work is to explore the concessive mechanism in these two languages that are typologically distant and different. In the same line as A. Meillet (1912), R. Martin (1982 and 1987) and O. Soutet (1987, 1990 and 1992), etc., our research not only demonstrates the historical evolution of the studied concessive markers, but also highlights its rapprochements with certain French concessive connectors (such as cependant, alors, bien, si, ja, nonobstant, etc.) during their grammaticalization processes from semantic-logical and syntactic-discursive points of view. Our study involves various corpuses from archaic to contemporary Chinese and French, as well as technical linguistic methodologies to categorize and translate the extracted examples. The results of our present research show surprising similarities in terms of the concessive evolution despite the enormous etymological and cultural divergences of the two studied languages
Huang, Jiaying. « Relative clauses in cantonese chinese : treatment and analysis ». Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=3980&f=25555.
Texte intégralAbstractThis thesis explores the processing mechanisms underlying relative clauses in Cantonese Chinese, which involves an atypical combination of head-initial VP and head-final NP. The starting point of this study is to investigate whether there is a subject-object asymmetry in the processing of relative clauses in this language. Two elicited production experiments and two corpus studies were run. Their results show, on one hand, a structural bias during the processing of relative clauses and a related subject advantage and on the other hand, an impact of the featural (dis)similarity between arguments in object relatives, which aligns with the featural intervention hypothesis (featural Relativized Minimality): subject relatives are easier due to the local structural relation holding between the subject head and the gap; object relatives are more difficult due to an intervention of the subject but only insofar as the intervening subject shares the same features as the head; if the subject and the object mismatch in features, the intervention effect of the subject is reduced or absent.In order to explain the details of intervention effects in Cantonese Chinese, the structure of nominal expressions (e.g., bare noun, Cl-N phrases, Num-Cl-N phrases and Dem-Cl-N phrases) and the derivation of relative clauses were then investigated. The structure of nominal expressions is closelyrelated to their interpretation: different functional projections beyond the NP (i.e., classifier, numeral and demonstrative) assign different interpretations. Relativizer ge3, being a classifier, functions as a ι operator, which change type and interpretation of the head noun. The results of an acceptability judgment test show that relative clauses in Cantonese (with and without relativizer) are derived through head raising. Moreover, in the relative constructions with a demonstrative and a classifier preceding the NP, both are part of the head and contain a functional feature that is taken into account for the intervention effect.To sum up, featural intervention in Cantonese involves a multi-featural calculation system. The processing load of an object relative (due to the intervention effect of the subject) increases with the degree of featural similarity between the arguments
Konrad, Ingrid. « Quand la nominalisation envahit la subordination : étude sur ‘ce que’ dans les propositions subordonnées en français, selon une approche comparative, diachronique et expérimentale ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/KONRAD_Ingrid_2_complete_20190722.pdf.
Texte intégralThis dissertation deals with the syntax of subordinate clauses involving `ce’ in French, namely a particular kind of complement clauses, a particular kind of relative clauses and a particular kind of indirect questions. It seems that nominalization has pervaded subordination in French, and I am questioning the status and the role of the nominal element (D) `ce’ in these constructions. A large part of this dissertation focuses on the syntactic ambiguity between light-headed relatives (CITKO, 2004) and indirect questions introduced by `ce qui/ce que’. On the basis of a diachronic study ranging from the 11th century to the 17th century, of a number of sentence repetition tasks performed on French children, aged from 3 to 6 years of age and of a self-paced reading experiment performed with French adults, I exclude that `ce’ and `que’ have incorporated and that /səkə/ is a wh-word. A closer scrutiny of the atypical syntactic behaviour, in synchrony, of indirect questions introduced by `ce qu-‘ leads me to analyse them as DPs. My proposal is that these structures are indeed questions disguised as relative clauses. This proposal brings me to reconsider two issues: the selection issue and the interpretation one. Building on the analysis of complement clauses in P+ce+que given by ZARING, 1992, as well as several data in other languages, I emphasise the existence of nominalized CPs, and I claim that the syntactic distinction between DP and CP is not categorical. As for the issue of how a relative clause with `ce’ as a head can get to be interpreted as a question, I assume that `ce’ is expletive, and thus devoid of referentiality, just like it is in complement clauses. Both relatives with `ce que’ (true relatives and questions disguised as relatives) are generated through a matching derivation involving a null operator. But the predicative relation holding between the operator and the head `ce’ only takes a value in true relatives, where `ce’ is referential. Concluding, subordinate clauses involving `ce que’ in French all have a DP+CP structure. However, the D element `ce’ is semantically referential and interpretable only in light-headed relatives
Pozniak, Céline. « Le traitement des relatives dans les langues : une approche comparative et multifactotielle ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC034/document.
Texte intégralThe present dissertation focuses on the factors implied in relative clause processing, mainly subject/object relative clauses and relative clause attachment. Based on previous multifactorial approaches (Trueswell et Tanenhaus, 1994; Spivey et Tanenhaus, 1998), I show that the usual monofactorial way of thinking about processing is inadequate and that fine-grained language properties should also be taken into account. I propose to go beyond the notion of subject/object languages or high/low attachment languages. I present the relative clause properties in four languages (English, Mandarin, Cantonese and French). This description is necessary to grasp their influence in processing, especially the differences observed across languages in experiments. Based on the linguistic description, I look at the interaction between cognitive, syntactic and grammatical factors in relative clause processing. I present acceptability judgment tasks and visual world eye-tracking experiments in order to analyse subject/object relatives in the four languages, and relative clause attachment in English and French. In line with the multifactorial approach, I analyse the influence of semantics and pragmatics in relative clause processing, especially in French and English. For that, I show a corpus study, acceptability judgment and self-paced reading tasks and eye-tracking while reading experiments. Finally, to broaden the perspective beyond the linguistic domain, I show the influence of other non-linguistic factors on relative clause processing, by presenting visual world eye-tracking and forced choice experiments about the influence of mathematical priming on relative clause attachment in French