Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Property law - France »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Property law - France"
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Koryogdiev, Bobur. « OWNERSHIP AND OTHER PROPERTY RIGHTS IN FRANCE ». Jurisprudence 2, no 5 (25 octobre 2022) : 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.2.5./lbpv1572.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this scientific study, the civil law of France has been investigated according to the current French civil code. The article analyzes material rights, in particular, property rights and methods of their protection, as well as the influence of Roman law, revolutionary legislation, and norms regulating canon law, for the formation of a new bourgeois law free from feudal prohibitions and restrictions. Also, the peculiarities of French civil law, including the institutional nature of private law and dualism in law, have been analyzed. Although the legal system of the Republic of Uzbekistan is similar to the legal system of the French Republic from the point of view of the same legal family, some differences related to material law have also been analyzed, taking into account the adaptation of the law to the social life and national values of each country. In particular, the concept of the right of ownership existing in the civil legislation of our country is different in the Republic of France, and there is also a theory that such a right does not exist because even intangible things are recognized as property. In addition, it has been studied that in the Republic of France, the acquisition of property rights using the period of ownership is 30 years in relation to immovable property, with greater protection of the owner’s interests, if the factual owner is honest (good faith) and it is a factor that shortens the period.
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Duflot, A. « ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN FRENCH LAW ». Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no 1 (7 avril 2021) : 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2021.77.1.047-055.
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The use of artificial intelligence in France is growing and intensifying in many areas, particularly in the field of justice. This revolution create problems with the liability and intellectual property of systems using artificial intelligence.
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Bullock, David AC. « A Defence of Statutory Property ». Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 48, no 4 (1 décembre 2017) : 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v48i4.4728.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In "Statutory Property: Is it a Thing?" (2016) 47 VUWLR 411, Ben France-Hudson argues that tradable environmental allowances, like emissions units and fishing quota, are not "statutory property" and should instead simply be described and understood as "private property". In doing so, France-Hudson draws on a theory of private property as embodying norms of social obligation. This article defends the view of tradable environmental allowances as statutory property – though that term has a number of definitions – and argues that property in tradable environmental allowances can be explained by an orthodox understanding of the law of property.
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Boiarchuk, С. М. « Protection of intellectual propertyrights : peculiaritiesofimplementation in Ukraine, the USA and some countries of the European Union (Germany, France) ». Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no 6 (27 décembre 2023) : 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.06.32.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In our work, we consider the peculiarities of the protection of intellectual property rights in Ukraine, USA and EU countries (Germany, France).
Intellectual property is a unique creation of the human mind and one of the important achievements of every developed and democratic country. The field of law in the field of intellectual property is currently in a state of active and unceasing development: legislative norms are constantly regulated, the experience of successful countries in the field of intellectual property is analyzed and borrowed. Taking into account the possibilities of modern technologies, intellectual property rights are increasingly subject to violations, which determines the specifics of their protection in Ukraine and the countries of the European Union (USA, Germany, France).
Taking into account the above and on the basis of scientific approaches and legally established provisions, the concepts of «intellectual property», «intellectual property right», «protection of intellectual property rights» have been defined. In the course of the analysis of national and foreign legislation, normative legal acts were established, according to which intellectual property rights were established in the studied countries.
Detailed attention is paid to the peculiarities of the protection of intellectual property rights in Ukraine, the USA, Germany and France, and to the identification of similar features and opportunities for borrowing better experience in the protection of intellectual property rights.
Attention is focused on the peculiarities of judicial protection in Ukraine under the conditions of martial law.
The article analyzes the methods of protecting intellectual property rights, taking into account the peculiarities of Ukraine, the USA, Germany and France, namely, the civil-law, criminal and administrative means of protection of Ukraine and the USA, the organizational and economic mechanisms of Germany and Ukraine, proposed for even more effective protection intellectual property rights and the reduction of violations in this area, to implement the successful experience of France regarding the obligation of citizens to patent and obtain a license for inventions and the experience of the French Republic in improving the judicial system and judicial protection of intellectual property rights.
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Cox, Douglas. « “INALIENABLE” ARCHIVES : KOREAN ROYAL ARCHIVES AS FRENCH PROPERTY UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW ». International Journal of Cultural Property 18, no 4 (novembre 2011) : 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739111000245.
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AbstractIn June 2011, France returned to South Korea nearly 300 volumes of Korean royal archives from the Joseon Dynasty. French forces had seized them in an 1866 military campaign, and the volumes had resided in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) ever since. The return is not a legally permanent restitution, but rather a five-year renewable loan. The compromise followed years of unsuccessful negotiations and a noteworthy decision of a French administrative tribunal that found that the seized Korean archives constituted inalienable French property. The legal debate over the Korean manuscripts illustrates the unique complexities of treating archives as a form of cultural property in armed conflict. In the end, the imperfect compromise satisfies neither side: The BnF is deprived of custody of items that have formed part of its collections for more than 140 years while technically, and perhaps uselessly, retaining formal legal title; South Korea, meanwhile, has physical custody of the archives while suffering the indignity of being denied ownership over its own national heritage.
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Thijs, Hannelore. « The Franco-German Common Optional Matrimonial Property Regime : A Guide for Future European Harmonization ». European Review of Private Law 29, Issue 3 (1 juillet 2021) : 489–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2021025.
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In 2010, France and Germany introduced a common optional matrimonial property regime of participation in acquisitions in both countries. One of its goals was to establish European harmonization, up until then a rare occurrence in the broad field of family law. The harmonization journey was continued by Belgium in 2018, when the Franco-German agreement was taken over in the Belgian Civil Code. This article evaluates the Franco-German regime from both an internal and an external point of view in order to determine the success of this operation. In the internal analysis, the regime will be presented as a modern and balanced compromise between the French and German domestic participation in acquisition regimes. In the external analysis, the regime will be qualified as a legal transplant in Belgium that at this moment in time does not survive the operation. Despite this seemingly negative evaluation, the regime may still increase its success rate, provided all actors involved take the required measures. In any case, the regime should be welcomed as harmonization initiative, considering that new projects may learn from its successes as well as from its stumbling blocks.
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Jakubowski, Olgierd. « Karnoprawna ochrona dziedzictwa kulturowego przed zniszczeniem w wybranych państwach europejskich – zarys zagadnienia ». Studia Prawnoustrojowe, no 44 (6 janvier 2020) : 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/sp.4901.
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Properly constructed criminal law provisions can prevent the destruction of heritage. The laws of the European Union are not an appropriate toolto reduce this phenomenon, although an analysis of criminal laws of individual countries may help in developing effective solutions in the Polish legalsystem. This article presents the criminal law solutions to protect againstthe destruction of heritage in France, Italy and Austria. Comparison of theprovisions in these European countries allows the effective scope of protection of their cultural property to be indicated and to assess the possibility ofincluding some of the standards to the Polish system of heritage protection.
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Glucksmann, Eloïse. « Commisimpex v. Republic of Congo ». American Journal of International Law 111, no 2 (avril 2017) : 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2017.30.
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The law in France regarding waivers of foreign state (or sovereign) immunity from execution of judicial judgments (based largely on consideration of international law principles) has recently undergone significant developments. Previously, French case law had required a foreign state's waiver of immunity from execution to be both express and specific to consider valid the attachment of foreign state property allocated to public services (including bank accounts used for the functioning of both diplomatic missions and delegations to international organizations). In 2015, the French Court of Cassation relaxed the criteria it had previously required for giving effect to waivers of sovereign immunity in such situations, thus facilitating the ability of judgment creditors to attach foreign state property in France. Its decision in the Commisimpex v. Republic of Congo case appeared to put an end to that requirement by abandoning the criterion of a “specific” waiver on the ground that “customary international law does not require a waiver of immunity from execution other than express.” In December 2016, however, the French government enacted new legislation reinstating the need for a specific waiver of immunity for the attachment of the property as well as bank accounts of foreign embassies and diplomatic missions and additionally requiring a court order authorizing the attachment or seizure. As a result, France has now embraced a distinctly more protective approach to the immunity of foreign state assets from attachment and execution of judicial judgments.
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Kerr, John. « The state of heritage and cultural property policing in England & ; Wales, France and Italy ». European Journal of Criminology 17, no 4 (1 octobre 2018) : 441–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370818803047.
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Presenting a large threat to irreplaceable heritage, property, cultural knowledge and cultural economies across the world, heritage and cultural property crimes offer case studies through which to consider the challenges, choices and practices that shape 21st-century policing. This article uses empirical research conducted in England & Wales, France and Italy to examine heritage and cultural property policing. It considers the threat before investigating three crucial questions. First, who is involved in this policing? Second, how are they involved in this policing? Third, why are they involved? This last question is the most important and is central to the article as it examines why, in an era of severe economic challenges for the governments in the case studies, the public sector would choose to lead policing.
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Smolyakov, Aleksandr. « Responsibility for theft of non-cash funds and digital currency in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon and continental systems of law ». Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2022, no 1 (24 mars 2022) : 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2022-1-151-156.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The domestic legislator improves the criminal law norms based on, among other things, foreign experience. In this regard, the author considers the approaches of foreign countries to the definition of the subject of property crimes in general and its «digital variants» in particular. The approaches of some foreign countries (Great Britain, USA, Germany, Austria, Spain, France, Poland) to the establishment of criminal liability for the theft of non-cash funds and digital currency are analyzed.
Based on the analysis, the author concludes that in the legislation of foreign states of the Anglo-Saxon and Romano-Germanic systems, the subject of property crimes is defined through the category of «property». In England and the USA, property in general (including non-cash funds and cryptocurrency) can be the subject of any property crimes. In the countries of the continental system (in particular, in the Federal Republic of Germany, Austria, France), within this group of crimes, a subgroup of criminal acts that encroach only on things (for example, theft) is distinguished. It seems that in the domestic criminal law it is also necessary to single out a group of property crimes, which will include crimes against property. Accordingly, in order to solve the problem of the inconsistency of the title of Chapter 21 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with its content, since the norms of this chapter protect not only objects of property rights (in particular, property rights), but also property rights (claim rights, etc.) that make up the content of obligations relations . It is proposed to clarify the title of Chapter 21 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, heading it «Property Crimes» (taking into account the studied foreign experience). Thus, non-cash funds, which are not things and which are subject to the civil law regime of property rights, are more logical to recognize as the subject of 2property crimes», and not crimes against property.
Thèses sur le sujet "Property law - France"
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Wechs, Hatanaka Asako. « Mediation and intellectual property law : a European and comparative perspective ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Un mauvais arrangement vaut mieux qu’un bon procès, dit un adage. Ceci s’applique-t-il également au domaine de la propriété intellectuelle ? La médiation est une méthode de résolution des différends qui a le vent en poupe. Elle a fait l’objet d’une harmonisation en Europe par le biais de la directive 2008/52/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 21 mai 2008 sur certains aspects de la médiation en matière civile et commerciale. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de la thèse est d’analyser des fonctions exercées par la médiation ainsi que les limites de la médiation du point de vue du droit de la procédure civile, du droit des contrats et du droit de la propriété intellectuelle, et de présenter des propositions pour optimiser la médiation lorsqu'elle s’applique aux litiges concernant les droits de la propriété intellectuelle. L’étude porte sur de nombreux systèmes juridiques, institutions et prestataires de règlement des différends, en mettant l’accent sur l’Union européenne, la France et le Royaume-UniA bad compromise is better than a successful lawsuit, says an adage. Would this also applies to intellectual property disputes ? Mediation is a dispute resolution method, which is in vogue. It became subject to harmonisation in Europe under the Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters. In this context, the objective of the thesis is to analyse the functions performed by mediation as well as the limitations to mediate from the viewpoint of civil procedure law, contract law and intellectual property law and to present some proposals to optimise mediation to intellectual property law. A number of legal systems, institutions and dispute resolution providers will be covered with the focus on the European Union, France and the UK
2
Pejchalová, Grünwaldová Vladimíra. « Property law in Europe : a comparative study of national law and the law of European convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA020.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La thèse traite de la protection de la propriété privée, d’une part dans le droit et la pratique de la Convention européenne des droits de l’Homme, et d’autre part dans le droit constitutionnel et la pratique des systèmes tchèque et français. Elle fournit une enquête comparative sur la portée des clauses respectives de protection de la propriété et de leur interprétation juridique dans le but de faire ressortir les éléments aussi bien convergents que divergents des approches normatives et jurisprudentielles de la protection de la propriété en tant que droit de l’Homme. L’objectif principal de cette enquête a été d’examiner et de comparer le traitement de la propriété dans la la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme et dans les Constitutions de la France et de la République tchèque. Le sujet de la recherche est traité sous la forme d’une recherche dans plusieurs domaines spécifiques: les fondements théoriques et philosophiques, le sens et la portée des garanties assorties à la propriété et leur interprétation juridique, les limites et les privations de propriété, et les approches constitutionnelles quant à leur mise en oeuvre dans le droit et la pratique de la ConventionThe thesis deals with the protection of private property in the law and practice of the European Convention on Human Rights and in the Czech and French constitutional law and practice. It provides a comparative inquiry into the scope of the respective property protection clauses and their judicial interpretation with a view to extracting convergent and divergent elements of the normative and jurisprudential approaches to the protection of private property as a human right. The main focus of the inquiry is to examine and compare the treatment of property in the European Convention on Human Rights and in constitutional law of France and the Czech Republic. The topic is analysed by virtue of research into several specific areas: the philosophical and theoretical foundations; the meaning and scope of the property guarantees and their judicial interpretation, limitations and deprivations of property; and the constitutional approaches to the implementation of the law and practice of the Convention
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Gobert, Perle. « La genèse de la propriété industrielle en France ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0136/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le droit de la propriété industrielle peut apparaître comme un droit assez récent dans le pay-sage juridique français, mais ce présupposé n’est qu’un leurre. Sa présence est attestée dès le commencement des pratiques artistiques et artisanales pendant l’Antiquité. La prise de conscience de son existence et de son utilité au sein de la société a toutefois été exacerbée au XVIIIe siècle, notamment lors de la révolution française de 1789, moment de sa construc-tion et de sa reconnaissance juridiques.Le droit de la propriété industrielle, à partir des événements révolutionnaires devient en effet l’enjeu d’une élaboration aussi bien intellectuelle que juridique. De nombreux débats de la part des créateurs et inventeurs font rage auprès des institutions politiques afin que ce droit soit reconnu et normalisé. L’aboutissement de ces combats intellectuels, grâce aux multiples ré-flexions de la doctrine et de la jurisprudence transforme le droit de la propriété industriel en un droit normatif s’inscrivant dans l’ordonnancement juridique.Au-delà de cette organisation législative, le droit de la propriété industrielle est également le sujet de nombreuses interrogations quant aux circonstances politiques et économiques qui ont permis son éclosion. Le droit de la propriété industrielle se module selon l’ensemble des lois, des jurisprudences, de la doctrine, de la politique et de l’économie qui tente de lui donner des structures juridiques stables. Il s’affirme comme un droit protéiforme, dont la portée na-tionale relative aux inventeurs et aux créateurs dans la reconnaissance de leur droit, prend une dimension internationale, aspirant à organiser et harmoniser les relations économiques des Nations: The right of the industrial property seems like a recent right in the French legal landscape, but this assumption is wrong. Its presence was confirmed as of the beginning of the artistic and artisanal practices during the Antiquity. The awakening of its existence and its utility wi-thin the company however was intensified at the XVIIIth century, in particular at the time of the French revolution of 1789, during the moment of its legal construction and its recognition.The right of the industrial property, starting from the revolutionary events became the chal-lenge of an intellectual development as well as a legal development. Many debates on behalf of the creators and inventors show rage regarding the political institutions, so that this right is acknowledged and standardized. The result of these intellectual combats, thanks to the mul-tiple reflections of the doctrines and jurisprudence transforms the patent right into a normative right falling under legal scheduling.Next to this legislative organization, the right of the industrial property is also the subject of many interrogations as for the political and economic circumstances, which allowed it's blos-soming. The right of the industrial property modulated according to the whole set of laws; ju-risprudences; the doctrines; politics and economics, tries to give him stable legal structures. He affirms himself as a protean right, whose national range relating to the inventors and the creators in the recognition of their right, takes an international dimension, trying to organize and harmonize the economic relations of the Nations
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Monget, Quentin. « Les mutations du statut patrimonial des couples ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0003.
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Bien des couples, aujourd’hui, passent du concubinage au pacs, puis du pacs au mariage, qui sont les trois conjugalités que propose le droit contemporain. À chacune correspond un statut patrimonial spécifique (prévoyant une répartition des biens et des dettes, instituant des effets sociaux et fiscaux, etc.). Or ces statuts sont en pleine mutation : aujourd’hui, on ne compte plus les transformations légales et jurisprudentielles qui s’accomplissent. Quelles sont ces évolutions ? Jusqu’où doivent-elles se poursuivre ? Tel est l’objet de cette étude. Elle relativise l’idée qu’un droit commun du couple serait appelé à émerger : elle constate que, même si un phénomène de convergence est à l’œuvre, d’autres évolutions tendent à accroître certaines différences entre les conjugalités. Elle démontre alors que le droit positif se structure sur le modèle d’une gradation. Plus un couple choisit une conjugalité stable et engagée, plus son statut patrimonial devient exorbitant, communautaire et protecteur. Les amants sont ainsi incités à s’engager sur un chemin jalonné d’étapes prédéterminées (couple sentimental, emménagement, pacs, mariage) que l’on peut appeler iter copulae ; ce modèle est en phase non seulement avec le droit positif, mais aussi avec la réalité sociologique moderne.Ainsi, l’étude synthétise les évolutions en cours. Elle suggère de les approfondir où elles sont inachevées, de les tempérer où elles sont excessives, de les consacrer où elles sont prétoriennes ; le propos est parsemé de propositions de réformes, toutes destinées à asseoir le droit positif sur des bases durables, car plus en phase avec les aspirations modernesMany French couples today move from cohabitation to civil partnership, then from civil partnership to marriage, which are the three forms of conjugality offered by contemporary law. Each has its own specific property status (providing for the division of assets and debts, establishing social and tax effects, etc.). But these statuses are in a state of flux,with countless legal and case law changes being made. What are these changes ? How far should they continue ? That is the purpose of this study. It sets itself apart by putting into perspective the idea that a common law governing couples will emerge : it notes that, even if a phenomenon of convergence is at work, other developments are tending to increase certain differences between conjugal relationships. It then shows that positive law is structured on the model of a gradation. The more a couple chooses a stable and committed conjugal relationship, the more their property status becomes exorbitant, communal and protective. Lovers are thus encouraged to embark on a path marked out by predetermined stages (romantic relationship, moving in, civil partnership, marriage) that can be called iter copulae ; thismodel is in line not only with positive law, but also with modern sociological reality. The study summarises current developments. It suggests deepening them where they are incomplete, tempering them where they are excessive, and enshrining them where they are praetorian. The study is interspersed with proposals for reform, all designed to put positive law on a sustainable footing, since it is more in tune with modern aspirations
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Buydens, Mireille. « La protection des prestations quasi-créatives en droit comparé (droit allemand, droit français, droit belge) ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213060.
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Vern, Flora. « Les objets juridiques : recherches en droit des biens ». Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0023.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les biens ne semblent exister que pour être classés, distingués et appropriés, mais ne sont guère envisagés indépendamment des droits réels qui s’y rapportent. Or, la multiplication pléthorique des droits réels pourrait bien révéler la diversité des objets possibles du droit réel. Ces objets ne sont pas des choses du monde extérieur, mais une réalité abstraite que le droit construit au terme d’une opération de qualification: ce sont des objets juridiques, parce qu’ils sont déjà envisagés par le droit objectif à l’occasion de l’application d’une règle de droit positif qui impose l’appréciation de certains éléments de fait propres à en révéler l’existence. Le droit objectif construit donc une réalité qui lui est propre, avant même qu’il soit fait référence à un éventuel droit réel. Pour autant, la technique juridique n’est jamais inerte. Il existe des mécanismes permettant à la volonté de modifier la consistance ou l’affectation des objets juridiques et, partant, d’agir sur le régime des biens. Ces opérations sont à la fois caractéristiques et spécifiques de la technique du droit réel, employée pour façonner la réalité que perçoit le droit objectif. Les prétentions subjectives à la jouissance des objets juridiques rejaillissent, cependant, sur la conception que l’on se fait du droit réel, au point d’occulter sa dimension technique derrière les prérogatives qu’il semble conférer aux sujets de droitIn French property law, things only seem to exist in order to be classified or owned. They are scarcely described in themselves, independently from rights in rem. The multiplication of these rights suggests, however, that they only reflect the diversity of underlying property objects. Such objects are not things from the external world, but an abstraction which the legal system constructs upon characterising certain facts and giving them a legal denomination. The application of a legal rule requires the appreciation of factual elements which, in turn, reveal the existence of an object filled with juristic qualities, before a property right even exists. Yet, legal technique is never entirely passive. The law provides certain mechanisms through which it is possible to modify the legal consistency and the purpose served by juristic objects and, therefore, to change the rules applicable to them. These results are both characteristic of and specific to in rem legal techniques. However, when legal subjects assert claims to the possession of an object, their pretensions also transform our understanding of in rem mechanisms, obscuring their technical function beneath the rights and powers which they seem to grant these individuals
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Vern, Flora. « Les objets juridiques : recherches en droit des biens ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247201211.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les biens ne semblent exister que pour être classés, distingués et appropriés, mais ne sont guère envisagés indépendamment des droits réels qui s’y rapportent. Or, la multiplication pléthorique des droits réels pourrait bien révéler la diversité des objets possibles du droit réel. Ces objets ne sont pas des choses du monde extérieur, mais une réalité abstraite que le droit construit au terme d’une opération de qualification: ce sont des objets juridiques, parce qu’ils sont déjà envisagés par le droit objectif à l’occasion de l’application d’une règle de droit positif qui impose l’appréciation de certains éléments de fait propres à en révéler l’existence. Le droit objectif construit donc une réalité qui lui est propre, avant même qu’il soit fait référence à un éventuel droit réel. Pour autant, la technique juridique n’est jamais inerte. Il existe des mécanismes permettant à la volonté de modifier la consistance ou l’affectation des objets juridiques et, partant, d’agir sur le régime des biens. Ces opérations sont à la fois caractéristiques et spécifiques de la technique du droit réel, employée pour façonner la réalité que perçoit le droit objectif. Les prétentions subjectives à la jouissance des objets juridiques rejaillissent, cependant, sur la conception que l’on se fait du droit réel, au point d’occulter sa dimension technique derrière les prérogatives qu’il semble conférer aux sujets de droitIn French property law, things only seem to exist in order to be classified or owned. They are scarcely described in themselves, independently from rights in rem. The multiplication of these rights suggests, however, that they only reflect the diversity of underlying property objects. Such objects are not things from the external world, but an abstraction which the legal system constructs upon characterising certain facts and giving them a legal denomination. The application of a legal rule requires the appreciation of factual elements which, in turn, reveal the existence of an object filled with juristic qualities, before a property right even exists. Yet, legal technique is never entirely passive. The law provides certain mechanisms through which it is possible to modify the legal consistency and the purpose served by juristic objects and, therefore, to change the rules applicable to them. These results are both characteristic of and specific to in rem legal techniques. However, when legal subjects assert claims to the possession of an object, their pretensions also transform our understanding of in rem mechanisms, obscuring their technical function beneath the rights and powers which they seem to grant these individuals
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Denolle, Alice. « L'accès à la propriété des biens archéologiques. Etude de droit comparé, France, Etats-Unis ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA111006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La France et les États-Unis ont reconnu l’importance de préserver les biens archéologiques situés sur leurs territoires en leur offrant une protection légale contre toute détérioration ou destruction, en vue de leur jouissance par les générations présentes et de leur transmission pour les générations futures. Cette importance fait écho à l’existence d’un intérêtpublic pour la préservation du patrimoine archéologique. Clé de voûte des législations protectrices, l’intérêt public prend sa source dans différentes valeurs qui sont assignées aux biens archéologiques: les valeurs cognitive, identitaire, esthétique et économique. Les législations protectrices des deux pays se sont développées autour de la promotion de lavaleur cognitive, et également, en ce qui concerne les États-Unis surtout, autour de la promotion de la valeur identitaire.Si les États-Unis et la France reconnaissent l’intérêt public qui s’attache à la préservation des ressources archéologiques, leurs droits n’ont pas pour autant tiré toutes les conséquences de la spécificité de ces ressources. En effet, le système de propriété sur lequel sont assises les législations protectrices est fortement emprunt du droit commun, qui ne laisse guère de place au statut spécial des ressources archéologiques qu’il envisage comme de simples biens. Cette assise se révèle être une source de tensions pour la protection des vestiges car elle soulève l’affrontement de deux intérêts antagonistes : celui de l’intérêt public, porté par l’objectif de préservation, et l’intérêt privé, exprimé à travers le droit de propriété. Ces tensions ne se manifestant qu’eu égard aux biens qui entrent dans le champ d'application des législations protectrices, la question de la définition légale des biens archéologiques s’avère être une question de prime importance. Son étude révèle qu’il n’existe aucun statut uniforme du bien archéologique dans les deux pays. Néanmoins, toutes leslégislations protectrices reconnaissent la spécificité des ressources qu’elles protègent, en développant des mécanismes protecteurs spécifiques. Les deux systèmes juridiques tendent à favoriser la mise en œuvre de mécanismes d’appropriation publique des biens archéologiques, la puissance publique étant perçue comme le propriétaire le plus apte à assurer l’intérêt public. Ces mécanismes se heurtent à la force de résistance opposée par la propriété privée. Toutefois, la propriété privée des ressources archéologiques n’est pas nécessairement synonyme d’absence de protection.Aucune propriété spéciale n’a ainsi été mise en oeuvre. Les conflits soulevés entre préservation et propriété des biens archéologiques dans les systèmes protecteurs actuels pourraient dès lors être résolus en tirant les conséquences de la spécificité des biens archéologiques. Il ne serait pas nécessaire de remettre en cause le système même de propriétéde ces biens. En tant que bien spécial, devrait lui être assignée une propriété spécialeFrance and the United States have both recognized the importance of preserving archaeological resources against any damage or destruction through legal protection so that their use by present generations and their transfer to future generations may be ensured. This importance is reflected through the existence of a public interest in the preservation ofarchaeological resources. The public interest is rooted in different values which are assigned to archaeological resources and which may be referred to as the cognitive value, the identity value, the aesthetic value and the economic value. In both countries the cognitive value appears to be the cornerstone of protective legislation.Even though the United States and France recognize that there is a public interest in preserving archaeological resources, the ownership of archaeological resources is still deeply governed by common law rules, according to which archaeological resources are seen as mere property. This dichotomy proves to be a source of tension between two competing interests:the public interest which lies in archaeological resources protection on the one hand, and the private interest, expressed through ownership, on the other hand.The legal definition of protected archaeological resources lies therefore at the forefront of the issue. In both countries, there is no uniform status of archaeological resources. However, protective legislation recognizes the very specificity of these resources, developing therefore specific protective schemes. The two legal systems tend to favor public ownership, the state being seen has the most suitable owner capable of ensuring preservation. But private ownership appears to be a strong opposition public ownership has to face. However, private ownership of archaeological resources does not necessarily equal lack of protection.No special property status has thus been implemented in either countries. Conflicts arising between preservation and ownership of archaeological resources in the current protective systems could therefore be resolved by drawing the consequences of the specificity of archaeological resources into the protective schemes
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Bzowski, Guillaume. « L'instrumentalisation fiscale du droit de propriété ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020029/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le droit de propriété est un pilier sur lequel s’appuie le droit fiscal et autour duquel s’articule la fiscalité patrimoniale. Il apparaît que l’optimisation fiscale n’est que l’amélioration des conséquences fiscales d’une opération juridique se fondant sur l’instrumentalisation du droit de propriété. Les techniques juridiques utilisées pour façonner le droit de propriété influent donc sur le traitement fiscal.Cette instrumentalisation du droit de propriété à des fins fiscales répond-elle cependant à une règle générale ? Cette règle générale permet -elle de classer les éléments d’instrumentalisation fiscale du droit de propriété ? Il apparaît que ces éléments ne constituent que des mécanismes juridiques consistant , soit en une déconstruction du droit lui-même ou de sa valeur, soit en une affectation juridique ou spatio-temporelle du droit de propriétéLegal ownership is one of the main pillars on which tax law is based and around which property taxation revolves. It appears that tax optimisation is merely about improving the tax consequences of a legal operation based on the manipulation of legal ownership. The means used to shape the property rights affect the legal and tax consequences. Is such manipulation of legal ownership for tax purposes subject to a fixed rule? Does this rule allow to draw a categorisation of all instruments used in order to exploit legal ownership for tax purposes? It appears that these instruments are but legal mechanisms. They consist either in a deconstruction of ownership itself or of its value, or in a specific ownership assignment in legal or spatiotemporal terms
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Butr-Indr, Bhumindr. « La contrefaçon des droits de propriété intellectuelle : étude comparative en droits français et thaïlandais ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020031/document.
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La contrefaçon est un phénomène de dimension internationale qui constitue aujourd’hui plus qu’hier un véritable fléau. Il apparaît que les principaux pays de provenance des contrefaçons saisies dans l’Union Européenne sont les pays d’Asie,notamment la Thaïlande. Cette recherche a pour but d'étudier les problèmes juridiques relatifs à la contrefaçon des droits de propriété intellectuelle. Ceci nous amène à poursuivre la recherche suivant deux axes. La première partie a pour but de mettre en évidence la comparaison de la définition de la contrefaçon en France et en Thaïlande. Elle se décompose en deux sous-parties, la première s'attachant à décrire la qualification de l’atteinte constitutive de contrefaçon selon les droits concernés (le terme « contrefaçon » en lui-même, tant en France qu’en Thaïlande, désignant différentes formes d’atteintes à un droit patrimonial de propriété intellectuelle). Pour identifier les atteintes constitutives de contrefaçon, notamment l’élément matériel, nous mettons l’accent sur 4 points: l’existence de la création, la diffusion de la création, l’usage de la création et la participation à l’action contrefaisante. S’agissant de l’élément intentionnel de contrefaçon, il semble présenter de multiples facettes. La seconde définit la preuve de la contrefaçon. On observe alors les moyens de preuve de la contrefaçon : la loi prévoit deux séries de mesures principales que nous pouvons regrouper en moyens de preuve en matière civile et pénale. Par ailleurs, il y a des moyens de preuve alternatifs entre les deux régimes. Ce sont des procédures douanières.La seconde partie a pour objet la prise en considération de la répression par les juridictions civiles et pénales. Elle se décompose donc en deux sous-parties : la première concerne les sanctions prononcées par les juridictions pénales. Nous avons déjà étudié la procédure pénale et les sanctions applicables à la contrefaçon. Il se trouve que la situation en Thaïlande est totalement différente de la situation française, notamment concernant la jurisprudence en matière pénale. Il semblerait que la majorité des décisions soient des sanctions prononcées par les juridictions pénales. La seconde sous-partie concerne quant à elle la réparation des atteintes à la propriété intellectuelle. Nous constatons que le préjudice subi, en France tout comme en Thaïlande constitue en un gain manqué . En outre l’évaluation du préjudice en France et en Thaïlande est difficile (préjudice subi en matière de marque, préjudice moral et fixation de l’indemnisation de peine privée)Counterfeiting is an international problem. It appears that the main countries of origin of counterfeit goods seized in the European Union are the Asian countries, including Thailand. The research explains concisely the entire key factors to this whole problem. The research is divided into two parts; in the first place, I will outline pointly the definition of Intellectual Property Rights law (IPRs law) infringement between French and Thailand. Firstly, we focus on the structure of IPRs infringement. The term "counterfeit" in himself both in France and Thailand indicating different forms of an intellectual property rights liability conception. To identify violations constitute infringements, including the material element, we focus on four points, the existence of the creation, dissemination of the creation, use of creation, participation in the infringing action . With regard to the intentional element of infringement, iconcerned the intention of counterfeiter by the civil and criminal aspects as well as the objectives of my research would analysis on two components. First, the application of substantive issues embodies in the civil action. The second is the criminal action. The intention of counterfeiter are also intersect into two parts of action. The secondly,, we research to the proof of infringement. There provides two measures of proof in civil matters and evidence incriminal matters. In addition, there are a customs procedures as an alternative measure of proof . In the second place, we mainly concerned the IPRs law enforcement: Firstly we concerns the penalties imposed by criminal courts. We have already studied the criminal proceedings. In addition, we studied the penaltiesfor counterfeiting. We find that the criminal proceedings in Thailand is totally different from the criminal proceedings in France. In addition, we studied the penalization of IPRs law. We find that the situation in Thailand is totally different from a France, especially in criminal jurisprudence. It seems that the majority of decisions are the penalties imposed by criminal courts. Secondly were search about categories of damages and criteria for proof of damages. We find that the damages, in France as well as in Thailand, is the recovery of profit. Also the difficulty of assessing the damage, in France as well as in Thailand, are the damage of Trademark law, moral right damage and punitive damage
Livres sur le sujet "Property law - France"
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Bouche, Nicolas. Intellectual property law in France. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands : Kluwer Law International, 2014.
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Intellectual property law in France. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands : Kluwer Law International, 2011.
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The protection of property rights in comparative perspective : A study on the interaction between European rights law and Italian and French property law. Groningen : Europa Law Publishing, 2013.
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Marie-Vivien, Delphine. La protection des indications géographiques : France, Europe, Inde. Versailles : Éditions Quae, 2012.
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Mangiavillano, Alexandre. Le contribuable et l'État : L'impôt et la garantie constitutionnelle de la propriété (Allemagne-France). Paris : Dalloz, 2013.
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(Institute), IRPI, International Chamber of Commerce. Comité national français. et Union des fabricants pour la protection internationale de la propriété industrielle et artistique., dir. Le Nouveau droit des marques en France : Colloque Paris 3-4 juin 1991. [Paris] : Librairies techniques, 1991.
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Fleury, Pierre-Laurent. Loi Malraux, mode d'emploi. Paris : EDICOM, 1992.
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Jean, Chatelain, et Strassburger Kolloquium (7th : 1984), dir. Denkmalpflege und Denkmalschutz an den Sakralbauten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und in Frankreich = : Protection et conservation du patrimoine culturel religieux en France et en République fédérale d'Allemagne. Kehl am Rhein : N.P. Engel, 1987.
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Bastiat, Frédéric. The Law, the State, and other political writings, 1843-1850. Sous la direction de Guenin Jacques de. Indianapolis : Liberty Fund, 2012.
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Jacob, Robert. Les époux, le seigneur et la cité : Coutume et pratiques matrimoniales des bourgeois et paysans de France du Nord au Moyen Age. Bruxelles : Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis, 1990.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Property law - France"
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Couet, Guillaume, et Martina Isola. « France ». Dans LIDC Contributions on Antitrust Law, Intellectual Property and Unfair Competition, 393–416. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55813-4_21.
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Eskenazi, Liliana, Olivier Fréget, Laetitia Ghebali, Clément Hubert, Martina Isola, Nizar Lajnef et Jean-Julien Lemonnier. « France ». Dans LIDC Contributions on Antitrust Law, Intellectual Property and Unfair Competition, 111–37. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55813-4_6.
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Isola, Martina, et Guillaume Couet. « France ». Dans LIDC Contributions on Antitrust Law, Intellectual Property and Unfair Competition, 407–35. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71419-6_18.
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Arcelin, Linda, Nizar Lajnef, Annabelle Lebaudy, Lauren Mechri, Florence Ninane, Michaël Vaz d’Almeida et Pascal Wilhelm. « France ». Dans LIDC Contributions on Antitrust Law, Intellectual Property and Unfair Competition, 139–55. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71419-6_6.
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Mitchell, Mary-Claude, Jean-Louis Fourgoux, Tiphaine Delannoy et Rachel Nakache. « France ». Dans LIDC Contributions on Antitrust Law, Intellectual Property and Unfair Competition, 559–78. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27158-3_24.
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Bosco, David. « France ». Dans LIDC Contributions on Antitrust Law, Intellectual Property and Unfair Competition, 185–202. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27158-3_7.
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Sélinsky, Véronique, et Linda Arcelin Lécuyer. « France ». Dans LIDC Contributions on Antitrust Law, Intellectual Property and Unfair Competition, 491–506. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45753-5_25.
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Lajnef, Nizar. « France ». Dans LIDC Contributions on Antitrust Law, Intellectual Property and Unfair Competition, 179–205. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45753-5_9.
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Séjean, Michel, et Nicolas Binctin. « Security Rights in Intellectual Property in France ». Dans Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 373–93. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44191-3_14.
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Nowag, Julian. « Sustainability and Competition Law : An International Report ». Dans Sustainability Objectives in Competition and Intellectual Property Law, 3–26. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44869-0_1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThe interaction between sustainability and competition law has recently come onto the agenda of many competition agencies and international institutions. The International League of Competition Law (LIDC) has thus decided to explore the topic at the LIDC Congress on 20–22 October 2022 in Milano. This report provides an introduction into the debate and overview about the different national reports which were submitted from 11 countries (namely Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Switzerland, United Kingdom) and are contained in this book. The report first sets out the general legal framework on the interaction between competition law and sustainability in the different countries. The second part of the report addresses specific interactions between competition law and sustainability, exploring cases in the areas of co-operation, cartels, abuse/monopolisation, and mergers. It is subdivided into a section looking at ‘shield’, in other words, whether companies that take action to foster sustainability can rely on that fact before competition authorities, and the role of competition law as a ‘sword’ (cases where protecting competition was in turn expected to be beneficial to sustainability). The third part addresses ‘greenwashing’. The fourth part explores how agencies, beyond specific cases, have become active in the area, for example by setting out priorities, guidelines, working papers, and individual guidance and strengthening capacity. The final part briefly highlights some of the contributions that the reports have mentioned in other closely related areas of law, such as false advertising or unfair competition.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Property law - France"
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Карпенко, Анна, et Anna Karpenko. « Protection of property rights of minors under the laws of Russia and France (comparative legal analysis) ». Dans International legal aspects of family law and protection of children's rights. Москва : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2965-296-308.
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de REDON, Louis. « Respect of Private Property and Protection of Environment : A Challenge for Modern Democracies Human Rights v. Biodiversity Conservation in France ». Dans 2nd Annual International Conference on Law, Regulations and Public Policy (LRPP 2013). Global Science and Technology Forum Pte Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3809_lrpp13.22.
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Domínguez Caballero, Rosa Mª. « El patrimonio defensivo andaluz y su gestión en la intervención. Un modelo sobre la Seguridad y Salud ». Dans FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia : Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11374.
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The Andalusian defensive heritage and its management in the intervention. A model on Health and SafetyThe Management of the Architect or Building Engineer in Restoration works in defensive buildings such as (towers, walls, castles, etc.) has an exhaustive and specific workforce due to the particularities especially in the environment of the Health and Safety Coordination. This communication will focus on the management of the technician on the Prevention of Occupational Risks in the Restoration, Rehabilitation and Consolidation works on defensive constructions chosen by the author of her International Thesis from the point of view of their integration in all processes: definition and Execution of the activities to be carried out. The destination and final objective is to ensure the physical integrity of the workers who are in contact in the Restoration of Historical Heritage. Research has been carried out in this area both in Andalusia and in the South of France, around the Mediterranean, reflecting the comparison of particularities as an example in 2 defensive interventions: “Restoration in the tower of Castle Molares (Sevilla)” and “Consolidation of Castle Olvera (Cádiz)”. The Technician's work is fundamental for the control of risks in the workplace, especially in the consolidation and restoration of defensive heritage. The actions of the Health and Safety Coordinator in the execution phase in the Restoration or Rehabilitation differ considerably with the works of Nueva Planta, since the stability of the building must be guaranteed in addition to the difficulty involved in the execution procedures and the “surprises” that can be found when acting on the property of this type. Documents are prepared reflecting the modifications in the Restoration Process that will entail new “occupational risks” and the consequent “health and safety measures” that will have to be taken to eliminate or minimize as indicated in Law 31/95 of PRL.
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Shi, Lei, Chao Chen, Hongjun Liu, Jiqiang Su, Honglin Zhang, Qun Liu, Yanrui Li et Jian Hu. « Study on the Policy and Legislative System of Spent Nuclear Fuel Management in Different Developed Countries ». Dans 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92948.
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Abstract Spent nuclear fuel is an inevitable product from the development of nuclear energy. Almost all of the fuel content is radioactive, and long systematic process are required for the safety management, which has always been an important global issue. In order to make sure that spent nuclear fuel should be safely managed in different countries developing nuclear power, IAEA is establishing a sharing system of spent nuclear fuel management by concluding joint conventions and issuing safety standards. For different countries, the United States, France and Russia with nuclear power have all established a complete policy and legislative system for spent fuel management. In the US, policy decision of open-cycle has been made, and no commercial reprocessing is being conducted. In France and Russia, closed-cycle strategy is implemented with industrial-scale reprocessing plant in operation. At present, China has become the country with the largest scale of nuclear power under construction in the world. There will be a large number of spent nuclear fuel requiring properly and safely managed. The lessons-learning of how developed countries managing spent nuclear fuel arising is important for China. The authors suggest that it is necessary to combine the top-level design to the legal practice, so that there are laws to respect during all steps of spent fuel management, and responsibilities of all parties are clear.
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Venkaiah, Paladugu, et Bikash Kr Sarkar. « Position Control of the Hydraulically Actuated Francis Turbine Inlet Guide Vane ». Dans ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3170.
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Development of the renewable source of energy has become an area of interest due to increasing power demand and fixed fossil fuels in the universe. To increase efficiency of the renewable source of energy like, hydro power become important. In the present work, adaptive feedforward fuzzy PID controller has been developed for position control of the electrohydraulic actuation turbine IGV system. Electrohydraulic turbine governing systems are superior to the electromechanical governing system due to the high power availability, very good controllability, self lubrication property etc. NACA 0012 aerofoil blade configuration has been considered for the turbine IGV system due to the less lift force which lead to the less effort required to governing action. Low cost proportional valve control electrohydraulic system configuration has been considered. Simulation study has been carried in Matlab Simulink environment. The system IGV position control has been studied for step, sinusoidal and arbitrary position demand.
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Franco Arce, Samuel. « Someone’s treasure : a legacy for all ? » Dans SOIMA 2015 : Unlocking Sound and Image Heritage. International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/soima2015.1.03.
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The Casa K’ojom in La Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala, houses a unique collection of physical objects and audiovisual materials devoted to Mayan cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible. What began as a private collection has evolved into a museum where thousands of visitors have learned about Mayan culture and music. This paper highlights the development and care of the collections from the perspective of the Casa K’ojom’s founder and current director, Samuel Franco Arce. It reviews the steps he is taking to preserve the collection’s analogue and digital material for the future, all the while not neglecting important non-digital artefacts. It also proposes future solutions to issues within an archive that has to address constantly changing technologies, user needs, audiovisual formats and intellectual property rights laws.
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Kačer, Hrvoje. « CHF CASE – 2019. god. » Dans XV Majsko savetovanje : Sloboda pružanja usluga i pravna sigurnost. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xvmajsko.153k.
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In this text the authors deal with the latest developments in the Croatian model of solving the so-called CHF case. Unfortunately, the legislator did not do well and failed to see the possibility that, when he had already decided to bring the new normative framework, to predict and to properly regulate in it at least the key legal issues, such as: (no)admissibility of the lawsuit for those who decided to convert, the statutory limitation of the judgment on collective lawsuit and the currency clause relating to the Swiss franc. Instead of preventing reasons for the future lawsuit by the amendment of the Consumer Credit Law, it seems that (whatever it is desired) has come to the contrary. Despite the criticism of the legislator, the authors agree with the current court practice, for which the authors think it might and must (regarding to the highest courts) be much faster, in any case, the waiting for decisions of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia and the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia should be measured in months rather than years. The authors certainly repeat their already stated opinion that in the procedures that are labeled with the CHF case syntax, as a rule, there is no exclusive responsibility, and that is only (above slowness) what should be criticized in the court practice, which has not recognized it.
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de Rocquigny, Etienne, Yoan Chevalier, Silvia Turato et Eric Meister. « Probabilistic Assessments of the Reactor Pressure Vessel Structural Integrity : Direct Coupling Between Probabilistic and Finite-Element Codes to Model Sensitivity to Key Thermo-Hydraulic Variability ». Dans 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49301.
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The structural integrity assessment of a nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) during accidental conditions such as loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) is a major safety concern. Besides conventional deterministic calculations to justify as a nuclear operator the RPV integrity, Electricite´ de France (EDF) carries out probabilistic analyses. Probabilistic analyses become most interesting when some key variables, albeit conventionally taken at conservative values, can be modelled more accurately through statistical variability. In the context of low failure probabilities, this requires however a specific coupling effort between a specific probabilistic analysis method (e.g. Form-Sorm method) and the thermo-mechanical model to be reasonable in computing time. In this paper, the variability of a key variable — the mid-transient cooling temperature, tied to a climate-dependent tank — has been modelled, in some flaw configurations (axial sub-clad) for a French vessel. In a first step, a simplified analytical approach was carried out to assess its sensitivity upon the thermo-mechanical phenomena; hence, a direct coupling had to be implemented to allow a probabilistic calculation on the finite-element mechanical model, taking also into account a failure event properly defined through minimisation of the instantaneous failure margin during the transient. Comparison with the previous (indirectly-coupled) studies and the simplified analytical approach is drawn, demonstrating the interest of this new modelling effort to understand and order the sensitivity of the probability of crack initiation to the key variables. While being noticeable in the cases studied, sensitivity to the safety injection temperature variability proves to be less than the choice of the toughness model. Finally, regularity of the thermo-mechanical model is evidenced by the coupling exercise, suggesting that a modified response-surface based method could replace direct coupling for further investigation.
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Hockberger, William A. « The Quadrimaran Reexamined ». Dans SNAME 13th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/fast-2015-026.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Quadrimaran was invented in France in the mid-1980s by Daniel Tollet. It was an inspired design and a radical departure from traditional ship design by a man from outside the marine industry unconstrained by industry technical practices and education. Technical experts could see it would entail more structure and subsystems than other high-performance vessels, but its promise was that those penalties would be more than offset by its claimed low power and fuel consumption. A prototype/demonstrator, Alexander, was built in 1990 and operated for five years carrying and impressing many hundreds of riders. Alexander performed beautifully and appeared to bear out what was claimed. Contracts for several Quadrimarans of different sizes came quickly, especially considering how conservative an industry this is. That was significantly due to Tollet's personal charisma and skill in selling riders on the dream of carrying passengers and freight over the water fast and in comfort, yet economically. Great skepticism prevailed in some quarters, especially among naval architects knowledgeable about AMVs (advanced marine vehicles) and early-stage whole-ship design. At technical meetings, one Quadrimaran principal would comment, for example, "Why would you carry freight across the Atlantic at 38 knots on 230,000 horsepower (a reference to the planned Fastship Atlantic TG-770) when you could do it at 60 knots on only 65,000 horsepower?" Listeners would ask how this could be possible, and he would assert again that the Quadrimaran could do it, but would decline to explain. Respected technical people were working with Tollet and his company and becoming convinced of the Quadrimaran's merit. Along with the contracts came engineers with experience in ship detail design and construction (very different from early-stage whole-ship design), or responsibilities for assessing and approving ships for service. Others were with engine and equipment suppliers. Their opinion that there was something unique and special about the Quadrimaran gave it credibility and influenced more people to accept the major claims made for it. Some dismissed the most extreme claims but still accepted the idea that the Quadrimaran was capable of unusually high performance - considerably less than was being claimed, perhaps, but high nevertheless. In hindsight it is clear the skeptics were right. Results never met expectations, nor could they have. In reality, the Quadrimaran has aspects that inherently prevent it from achieving the characteristics and performance its inventor believed attainable. It cannot be built in a commercially useful size and actually perform as intended. Why this is so will be explained. A crucial fact in the Quadrimaran's history is that Daniel Tollet and his close associates believed strongly that naval architects and engineers who had been immersed in working with the existing ship types would be unable to give the Quadrimaran the very different treatment they believed it required. (Their own educations and professional work were nontechnical.) Such people were excluded from the development of Quadrimaran designs, and the belated discovery of many fundamental technical problems can be attributed to this. The company Tollet established had a number of names over the years, and other associated entities were created at times for various purposes. In this paper they are referred to collectively as QIH (Quadrimaran International Holdings) so as not to confuse things unnecessarily. In 2004 QuadTech Marine LLC was established and acquired the Quadrimaran patent (US Patent No. 5,191,849) and related intellectual property from QIH. QuadTech laid out an extensive R&D program to close gaps in the technical background and address identified issues. In the process, additional information on earlier QIH projects and products was obtained and studied, which brought to light problems that significantly compromised the Quadrimaran's prospective performance and utility. The resulting much-reduced set of potential uses and users led the company to effectively stop pursuing Quadrimaran projects after 2009. (Note: The author was Chief Technology Officer for QuadTech Marine during 2006-9, studying the Quadrimaran and planning the R&D.)
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Mannuccl, P. M., et A. Tripodl. « DIAGNOSTIC SCREENING OF CONGENITAL THROMBOTIC SYNDROMES ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643717.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The prevalence of inherited thrombotic syndromes in the general population (1 in 2,500/5,000) appears to be higher than that of inherited bleeding disorders. We have reviewed the problems of their diagnosis and propose a simple screening procedure. The most important candidates far. screening are patients with unexplained venous thromboembolism at ages ofless than 40 years, particularly when thrombotic episodes are recurrent.Screening must start from collectionof the clinical and family history of the propositus and from the exclusion of common acquired forms of thrombophilia. A negative family historydoes not exclude inherited thrombophilia, because the defects have oftena low penetrance and fresh mutationsmay have occurred in the propositi. The test chosen for laboratoryscreening of inherited thrombotic syndromes must be limited in number, easy todo and, more importantly, their results should be clinically relevent Which defects should be screened and what type of methodology should be used? The table is intended to answerthese questions by proposing a two-step screening procedure.The tests included in the .first step of the screening are aimed at evaluating Laboratory screening of inherited thrombotic syndromes the most frequent and well established causes of inherited thrombophilia, —-antithrombin III, protein C. protein S.plasminogen and fibrinogen.FIRST STEP Antithrombin III (heparin cofactorI chromogenic assay)Protein C (Francis' clotting assay)Protein S(electroimmunoassay of total proteinSantigen)Plasminogen (chromogenic assay)Fibrinogen (clotting assay)SECONSTEP(Tran's functional assay) Plasminogen activator (fibrin plate assay before and after venous stasisor DDAVP)Plasminogen activator inhibitor(chromogenic assay)The tests offirst choice that we propose (see table) are in general functional assaysdetecting both type I and type IIdeficiencies and are simple enough tobecarried out even in non specialized laboratories.For protein S, however,this goal has not been achieved yet and only type I protein S deficiencycan be currently identified with immunoassays measuring total protein S antigen. Since a number of laboratories may still not have the facilities to perform protein C functional assays, they are advised to set up at least an immunoassay, since type I deficiencies are much more frequent than type II deficiencies. The tests included in the second step of the screening are aimed at detectingthe less common or less well established causes of thrombophilia, and should be carried out when the clinical history suggests the existence of inherited thrombophilia and yet the first step has failed to reveal any laboratory abnormality. Defective plasminogen activation can be evaluated by measuring plasminogen activator activity with the simple fibrin plate assay carried out before and after stimuli such as venous occlusion and/or DDAVP infusion. The parallel measurement of plasminogen activator inhibitor allows to distinguish cases of detective plasminogen activation due to high inhibitor levels. The measurement of heparin cofactor II should also be included in this battery of second-step screening tests.Using this screening procedure in95 propositi with juvenile venous thromboembolism, we have identified 7 kindreds with antithrombin III deficiency (5 type I and 2 type II) (7.5%),7 kindreds with protein C deficiency (1 type II) (7.5%), 5 kindredswith protein S deficiency (5%), 1 withhypoplasminogenemia (1%) and 1 with dysfibrinogenemia Milano II (1). Theremaining undiagnosed cases might bedue to as yet unidentified deficiencies or abnormalities of other antithrombotic mechanisms such as,for instance, endothelial thrombomodulin or the fibrinolysis enhancing property of the protein C-protein S system.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Property law - France"
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Colomb, Claire, et Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals : Platform-based property rentals in European cities : the policy debates. Property Research Trust, mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.
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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring at Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial : 2011–2019. National Park Service, avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284711.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial celebrates the lives of the Lincoln family including the final resting place of Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln’s childhood in Indiana was a formative time in the life our 16th president. When the Lincoln family arrived in Indiana, the property was covered in the oak-hickory forest type. They cleared land to create their homestead and farm. Later, designers of the memorial felt that it was important to restore woodlands to the site. The woodlands would help visitors visualize the challenges the Lincoln family faced in establishing and maintaining their homestead. Some stands of woodland may have remained, but significant restoration efforts included extensive tree planting. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network began monitoring the woodland in 2011 with repeat visits every four years. These monitoring efforts provide a window into the composition and structure of the wood-lands. We measure both overstory trees and the ground flora within four permanently located plots. At these permanent plots, we record each species, foliar cover estimates of ground flora, diameter at breast height of midstory and overstory trees, and tree regeneration frequency (tree seedlings and saplings). The forest species composition was relatively consistent over the three monitoring events. Climatic conditions measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index indicated mild to wet conditions over the monitoring record. Canopy closure continued to indicate a forest structure with a closed canopy. Large trees (>45 cm DBH) comprised the greatest amount of tree basal area. Sugar maple was observed to have the greatest basal area and density of the 23 tree species observed. The oaks characteristic of the early woodlands were present, but less dominant. Although one hickory species was present, it was in very low abundance. Of the 17 tree species recorded in the regeneration layer, three species were most abundant through time: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red bud (Cercis canadensis), and ash (Fraxinus sp.). Ash recruitment seemed to increase over prior years and maple saplings transitioned to larger size classes. Ground flora diversity was similar through time, but alpha and gamma diversity were slightly greater in 2019. Percent cover by plant guild varied through time with native woody plants and forbs having the greatest abundance. Nonnative plants were also an important part of the ground flora composition. Common periwinkle (Vinca minor) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) continued to be the most abundant nonnative species, but these two species were less abundant in 2019 than 2011. Unvegetated ground cover was high (mean = 95%) and increased by 17% since 2011. Bare ground increased from less than 1% in 2011 to 9% in 2019, but other ground cover elements were similar to prior years. In 2019, we quantified observer error by double sampling two plots within three of the monitoring sites. We found total pseudoturnover to be about 29% (i.e., 29% of the species records differed between observers due to observer error). This 29% pseudoturnover rate was almost 50% greater than our goal of 20% pseudoturnover. The majority of the error was attributed to observers overlooking species. Plot frame relocation error likely contributed as well but we were unable to separate it from overlooking error with our design.
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Hammad, Ali, et Mohamed Moustafa. Seismic Behavior of Special Concentric Braced Frames under Short- and Long-Duration Ground Motions. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, décembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zont9308.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Over the past decade, several long-duration subduction earthquakes took place in different locations around the world, e.g., Chile in 2010, Japan in 2011, China in 2008, and Indonesia in 2004. Recent research has revealed that long-duration, large-magnitude earthquakes may occur along the Cascadia subduction zone of the Pacific Northwest Coast of the U.S. The duration of an earthquake often affects the response of structures. Current seismic design specifications mostly use response spectra to identify the hazard and do not consider duration effects. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the effect of the duration of the ground motion on structural performance and its design implications is an important issue. The goal of this study was to investigate how the duration of an earthquake affects the structural response of special concentric braced frames (SCBFs). A comprehensive experimental program and detailed analytical investigations were conducted to understand and quantify the effect of duration on collapse capacity of SCBFs, with the goal of improving seismic design provisions by incorporating these effects. The experimental program included large-scale shake table tests, and the analytical program consisted of pre-test and post-test phases. The pre-test analysis phase performed a sensitivity analysis that used OpenSees models preliminarily calibrated against previous experimental results for different configuration of SCBFs. A tornado-diagram framework was used to rank the influence of the different modeling parameters, e.g., low-cycle fatigue, on the seismic response of SCBFs under short- and long-duration ground motions. Based on the results obtained from the experimental program, these models were revisited for further calibration and validation in the post-test analysis. The experimental program included three large-scale shake-table tests of identical single-story single-bay SCBF with a chevron-brace configuration tested under different ground motions. Two specimens were tested under a set of spectrally-matched short and long-duration ground motions. The third specimen was tested under another long-duration ground motion. All tests started with a 100% scale of the selected ground motions; testing continued with an ever-increasing ground-motion scale until failure occurred, e.g., until both braces ruptured. The shake table tests showed that the duration of the earthquake may lead to premature seismic failure or lower capacities, supporting the initiative to consider duration effects as part of the seismic design provisions. Identical frames failed at different displacements demands because of the damage accumulation associated with the earthquake duration, with about 40% reduction in the displacement capacity of the two specimens tested under long-duration earthquakes versus the short-duration one. Post-test analysis focused first on calibrating an OpenSees model to capture the experimental behavior of the test specimens. The calibration started by matching the initial stiffness and overall global response. Next, the low-cycle fatigue parameters were fine-tuned to properly capture the experimental local behavior, i.e., brace buckling and rupture. The post-test analysis showed that the input for the low-cycle fatigue models currently available in the literature does not reflect the observed experimental results. New values for the fatigue parameters are suggested herein based on the results of the three shake-table tests. The calibrated model was then used to conduct incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) using 44 pairs of spectrally-matched short- and long-duration ground motions. To compare the effect of the duration of ground motion, this analysis aimed at incorporating ground-motion variability for more generalized observations and developing collapse fragility curves using different intensity measures (IMs). The difference in the median fragility was found to be 45% in the drift capacity at failure and about 10% in the spectral acceleration (Sa). Using regression analysis, the obtained drift capacity from analysis was found to be reduced by about 8% on average for every additional 10 sec in the duration of the ground motion. The last stage of this study extended the calibrated model to SCBF archetype buildings to study the effect of the duration of ground motion on full-sized structures. Two buildings were studied: a three-story and nine-story build that resembled the original SAC buildings but were modified with SCBFs as lateral support system instead of moment resisting frames. Two planer frames were adopted from the two buildings and used for the analysis. The same 44 spectrally-matched pairs previously used in post-test analysis were used to conduct nonlinear time history analysis and study the effect of duration. All the ground motions were scaled to two hazard levels for the deterministic time history analysis: 10% exceedance in 50 years and 2% exceedance in 50 years. All analysis results were interpreted in a comparative way to isolate the effect of duration, which was the main variable in the ground-motion pairs. In general, the results showed that the analyzed SCBFs experienced higher drift values under the long-duration suite of ground motions, and, in turn, a larger percentage of fractured braces under long-duration cases. The archetype SCBFs analysis provided similar conclusions on duration effects as the experimental and numerical results on the single-story single-bay frame.