Articles de revues : « Profilo cognitivo »

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Gubernale, Marco, Anna Volzone, Susanna Negrin, Annamaria Gobbo et Paolo Bonanni. « Neuropsicologia delle encefalopatie epilettiche : analisi delle variabili piů significative e descrizione della nostra esperienza con un gruppo pediatrico affetto da epilessia mioclono-astatica ». CHILD DEVELOPMENT & ; DISABILITIES - SAGGI, n^o 3 (avril 2012) : 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/cdd2010-s03003.

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Sono discussi i punti cruciali della clinica epilettologica e neuropsicologica delle encefalopatie epilettiche, con l'intento di documentare la relazione complessa e non sempre diretta che intercorre tra questi due livelli di osservazione in particolare riferimento all'outcome cognitivo. Segue la descrizione del profilo neuropsicologico del nostro campione clinico (n = 10), riguardo al quale possiamo dimostrare un andamento duplice, di tipo rispettivamente avverso o piů propizio in funzione della maggiore o minore frequenza delle manifestazioni elettrocliniche e della poli- o monoterapia. Il gruppo con outcome cognitivo piů favorevole (n = 7) documenta un'ampia variabilitŕ dei risultati e si presenta mediamente con disabilitŕ intellettiva lieve, difficoltŕ grafomotorie e attenzione entro limiti di norma, in innesto a variabili psicopatologiche borderline tipo attenuazione del tono dell'umore e disattenzione-iperattivitŕ. Poiché la storia clinica mette in evidenza che questi soggetti risultano essere quelli liberi da tempo da crisi e con non piů di due principi in terapia, le evidenze neuropsicologiche supportano dunque una relazione causale tra la malignitŕ del quadro e l'outcome cognitivo.

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Delle, Fratte Alessandra. « Il caso di Aurora : il dovere dell'eccellenza ». PSICOBIETTIVO, n^o 2 (juillet 2011) : 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/psob2011-002007.

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Il lavoro seguente intende affrontare, attraverso l'analisi di un caso clinico, il trattamento cognitivo comportamentale del disturbo d'ansia NAS (Non Altrimenti Specificato) in un giovane soggetto adulto, di sesso femminile. Nell'affrontare il caso verrŕ dapprima illustrato il profilo anamnestico e sintomatologico della paziente e, a seguire, le varie fasi dell'intervento, dalla presa in carico valutativa al trattamento psicoterapico, fino alla conclusione della terapia – il cui esito, al termine del trattamento, ha confermato una sostanziale riduzione della sintomatologia ansiosa.

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García Alba, Javier, Justo Fernando Ramos Alla et Mª Eugenia Martín Palacios. « VARIABILIDAD DEL PERFIL COGNITIVO EN ESCOLARES Y ADULTOS CON SÍNDROME DE DOWN ». International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 3, n^o 1 (27 septembre 2016) : 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v3.495.

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Abstract:VARIABILITY COGNITIVE PROFILE IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME. A NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL STUDYIntroduction: Down syndrome (DS) is a chromosomal disorder that has a specific and highly complex cognitive and behavioral phenotype. Objectives: To study the degree of variability cognitvo profile through neuropsychological diagnostic tests into two distinct developmental ages : aulta school age and older . Participants and Methods: 105 subjects aged child and adult , 43 with and 62 without SD SD were studied. Neuropsychological variables were assessed . Comparative study of different neuropsychological variables between SD and comparison groups was performed , and between groups of children and adults. Results: Children and adult SD neuropsychological performance groups had significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the control groups . 84% of the neuropsychological variables studied in child SD group showed a significant degree of variability ( p < 0.05 ) in the SD group showed adult 44% of the studied variables with a significant degree of variability. Conclusions: The neuropsychological performance in all cognitive deficit in study areas with different levels of representation according to cognitive function, and with a high degree of cognitive variability, especially in childhood.Keywords: Down syndrome , neuropsychology , cognitive variability , intellectual disability, childhood , adulthood.Resumen:Introducción: El síndrome de Down (SD) es una alteración cromosómica que presenta un fenotipo cognitivo y conductual específico y de una gran complejidad. Objetivos: estudiar el grado de variabilidad del perfil cognitvo a través de pruebas de diagnóstico neuropsicológico en dos edades claramente diferenciadas del desarrollo: edad escolar y edad aulta. Participantes y métodos: Se estudiaron 105 sujetos de edad infantil y adulta, 43 con SD y 62 sin SD. Se valoraron variables neuropsicológicas. Se realizó estudio comparativo de las diferentes variables neuropsicológicas entre los grupos SD y comparación, y entre los grupos infantiles y adultos. Resultados: Los grupos SD infantil y adulto presentaron un rendimiento neuropsicológico significativamente (p<0.05) más bajo que los grupos control. El 84% de las variables neuropsicológicas estudiadas en el grupo SD infantil mostraron un significativo grado de variabilidad (p<0.05), en el grupo SD adulto apareció un 44% de las variables estudiadas con un significativo grado de variabilidad. Conclusiones: El rendimiento neuropsicológico en deficitario en todas las áreas cognitivas estudiadas con diferente grado de representación según la función cognitiva, y con un alto grado de variabilidad cognitiva, especialmente en la edad infantil.Palabras clave: síndrome de Down, neuropsicología, variabilidad cognitiva, discapacidad intelectual, edad infantil, edad adulta.

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Ortiz Jiménez, Xóchitl Angélica, Mariana Akena Fernández, Brenda Lizath Saldaña Muñoz, Yahel Enith Rincón Campos, Juan Fernando Góngora Rivera et Juan Carlos Arango Lasprilla. « Evaluación Neuropsicológica de Conmoción Cerebral : estudio de caso de un jugador de fútbol americano ». Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 20, n^o 1 (22 octobre 2019) : 236–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/cpd.358181.

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La conmoción cerebral (CC) es la principal causa de lesión cerebral en deportistas de contacto siendo el fútbol americano (FA) uno de los más populares. La CC produce una amplia gama de síntomas físicos, cognitivos y emocionales que hasta el 36.1% de los jugadores desconocen. Los cambios cognitivos ocurren en la atención, memoria, flexibilidad mental, fluidez verbal, planeación, memoria de trabajo, inhibición y velocidad de procesamiento. El objetivo fue evaluar el rendimiento cognitivo de un jugador defensivo de FA categoría mayor, de 23 años de edad y 15 años de escolaridad, antes y después de presentar una CC. Se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: Cuestionario de Datos Generales, test de MoCA, Dígitos y Cubos en regresión, Detección Visual, Fluidez Verbal Semántica, test de Stroop, Torre de Hanoi y Wisconsin. Se estableció su perfil cognitivo basal en pretemporada y se reevaluó durante la temporada una semana posterior a una CC. En la evaluación pretemporada el jugador presentó un perfil cognitivo dentro de los rangos esperados para su edad y escolaridad. En la fase aguda de la CC, el jugador disminuyó su rendimiento en tareas de velocidad de procesamiento (pre: 26 seg; post:120 seg), atención sostenida (pre:7 puntos; post:6 puntos), inhibición (pre: 84 aciertos; post: 82 aciertos) y planeación (pre: 15 movimientos; post: 20 movimientos). La EN ha demostrado ser una herramienta sensible y confiable para la detección de los síntomas cognitivos en fase aguda y posterior a la CC. Palabras claves: neuropsicología, fútbol, cognición Cerebral Concussion (CC) is the main cause of brain injury in contact athletes, with American football (AF) being one of the most popular. The CC produces a wide range of physical, cognitive and emotional symptoms that most of the players (36,1%) do not know. Cognitive changes are observed in attention and memory processes, mental flexibility, verbal fluency, planning, working memory, inhibition and speed of processing. The Neuropsychological Assessment (NA) is fundamental for the detection and management of CC in the acute phase and its sequelae. The objective was to evaluate the cognitive performance of a defensive player of american football, major category, of 23 years of age and 15 years of schooling, before and after presenting a CC. Instruments were: General Data Questionnaire, MoCA test, Digits and Cubes in regression, Visual Detection, Semantic Verbal Fluency, Stroop test, Tower of Hanoi and Wisconsin Sorting Cards. Baseline cognitive profile was established and reevaluated during the season one week after a CC. In the pre-season evaluation the player presented a cognitive profile within the ranges expected. In the acute phase of CC, the player decreased his performance in processing speed tasks (pre: 26 sec, post: 120 sec), sustained attention (pre: 7 points, post: 6 points), inhibition (pre: 84) hits, post: 82 hits) and planning (pre: 15 movements, post: 20 movements). The NA has proven to be a sensitive and reliable tool for the detection of cognitive symptoms in the acute and post-CC phase. Key words: neuropsychology, football, cognition. A concussão (CC) é a principal causa de lesão cerebral em atletas de contato, sendo o futebol americano (AF) um dos mais populares. O CC produz uma ampla gama de sintomas físicos, cognitivos e emocionais que até 36,1% dos jogadores não conhecem. Mudanças cognitivas ocorrem na atenção, memória, flexibilidade mental, fluência verbal, planejamento, memória de trabalho, inibição e velocidade de processamento. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho cognitivo de um jogador defensivo da categoria sênior de AF, 23 anos de idade e 15 anos de escolaridade, antes e depois de apresentar um CC. Foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário de dados gerais, teste MoCA, Dígitos e regressão cubos, detecção visual, Fluência Verbal Semântica, teste Stroop, Torre de Hanói e Wisconsin. Seu perfil cognitivo basal foi estabelecido na pré-temporada e reavaliado durante a estação uma semana após o CC. Na avaliação neuropsicológica pré-temporada o jogador apresentou um perfil cognitivo dentro das faixas esperadas para sua idade e escolaridade. Na fase aguda da CC, o jogador diminuição do desempenho em tarefas velocidade de processamento (pré: 26 seg; coloca-120 seg), atenção sustentada (pré: 7 pontos; pós 6 pontos), a inibição (pré: 84 hits, post: 82 hits) e planejamento (pré: 15 movimentos, post: 20 movimentos). Na avaliação neuropsicológica provou ser uma ferramenta sensível e confiável para a detecção de sintomas cognitivos em fase aguda e subsequente CC. Palavras-chave: neuropsicologia, futebol, cognição.

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Salone, Carlo, et Francesco Arfò. « Città e grandi eventi : il programma Matera Capitale Europea della Cultura 2019 nella percezione dei residenti ». RIVISTA GEOGRAFICA ITALIANA, n^o 3 (septembre 2020) : 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rgi2020-003001.

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L'adozione di politiche di sviluppo urbano focalizzate sulla cultura, sia dal lato dell'offerta (realizzazione di infrastrutture e sostegno alle industrie culturali e creative) sia da quello della domanda (campagne di promozione turistica, programmazione di eventi) e prassi corrente nel capitalismo cognitivo. Intorno al nesso tra cultura e sviluppo economico si e coagulato un vasto dibattito scientifico che fa da sfondo e giustificazione per l'adozione di politiche pubbliche conseguenti, in particolare, ma non solo, alla scala urbana. In realta, la produzione e il consumo di cultura sono pero spesso associati a fenomeni tra loro molto diversi e non di rado conflittuali. Secondo alcuni autori (Bridge, 2006; Kaasa e Vadi, 2010; Scott, 2000), lo sviluppo del settore culturale contribuisce soprattutto alla crescita economica e al vantaggio competitivo urbano, attraverso la generazione di nuova conoscenza per l'innovazione e la creativita ma, anche, effetti positivi su altre attivita economiche correlate. Altri ne enfatizzano le potenzialita inclusive, adatte alla costruzione dei diritti di cittadinanza e alla promozione di una societa piu giusta e coesa (Stern e Seifert, 2007), altri ancora assumono una posizione intermedia, attribuendo alla cultura sia un vantaggio competitivo che un beneficio per l'inclusione sociale, senza pero riuscire a chiarire appieno il rapporto tra queste due dimensioni dello sviluppo (Sacco e Segre, 2009). In questo articolo si inquadra e analizza il caso di Matera 2019 all'interno del progetto di Capitale Europea della Cultura ed alla luce delle teorie legate allo sviluppo urbano trainato dalla cultura. L'analisi del caso di Matera 2019 si pone l'obiettivo di misurare gli impatti attualmente osservabili nella citta sotto il profilo socio-spaziale e di indagare le modalita con cui i cittadini materani hanno interagito con l'evento, attraverso un'analisi della loro opinione circa il percorso svolto e le possibilita future della citta.

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Beeldman, Emma, Joost Raaphorst, Michelle Klein Twennaar, Rosanne Govaarts, Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg, Rob J. de Haan, Marianne de Visser et Ben A. Schmand. « The cognitive profile of behavioural variant FTD and its similarities with ALS : a systematic review and meta-analysis ». Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & ; Psychiatry 89, n^o 9 (9 février 2018) : 995–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2017-317459.

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Approximately 30% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have cognitive impairment and 8%–14% fulfil the criteria for behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bv-FTD). The cognitive profiles of ALS and bv-FTD have been reported to be comparable, but this has never been systematically investigated. We aimed to determine the cognitive profile of bv-FTD and examine its similarities with that of ALS, to provide evidence for the existence of a cognitive disease continuum encompassing bv-FTD and ALS. We therefore systematically reviewed neuropsychological studies on bv-FTD patients and healthy volunteers. Neuropsychological tests were divided in 10 cognitive domains and effect sizes were calculated for all domains and compared with the cognitive profile of ALS by means of a visual comparison and a Pearson’s r correlation coefficient. We included 120 studies, totalling 2425 bv-FTD patients and 2798 healthy controls. All cognitive domains showed substantial effect sizes, indicating cognitive impairment in bv-FTD patients compared to healthy controls. The cognitive domains with the largest effect sizes were social cognition, verbal memory and fluency (1.77–1.53). The cognitive profiles of bv-FTD and ALS (10 cognitive domains, 1287 patients) showed similarities on visual comparison and a moderate correlation 0.58 (p=0.13). When social cognition, verbal memory, fluency, executive functions, language and visuoperception were considered, i.e. the cognitive profile of ALS, Pearson’s r was 0.73 (p=0.09), which raised to 0.92 (p=0.03), when language was excluded in this systematic analysis of patients with a non-language subtype of FTD. The cognitive profile of bv-FTD consists of deficits in social cognition, verbal memory, fluency and executive functions and shows similarities with the cognitive profile of ALS. These findings support a cognitive continuum encompassing ALS and bv-FTD.

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Bernal Botero, Luisa Fernanda, Yaira Zuleine Arias-Ramírez et César Mauricio Pineda Graciano. « Complejo de esclerosis tuberosa : perfil neuropsicológico y propuesta de intervención ». Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud 2, n^o 1 (12 octobre 2020) : 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.46634/riics.46.

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El Complejo de Esclerosis Tuberosa (CET) es un trastorno genético de herencia autosómica dominante, causado por la mutación en uno de los genes TSC1 o TSC2. Los pacientes con una afectación CET grave de tipo neurológica posiblemente presentarán epilepsia, discapacidad intelectual, problemas específicos del aprendizaje y trastornos de la conducta, por lo que la evaluación neuropsicológica en individuos con esta patología cobra un carácter importante al proporcionar información sobre los déficits cognitivos que subyacen en la afectación cerebral, que alteran el funcionamiento intelectual y los aspectos adaptativos. El actual trabajo presenta el perfil cognitivo de una paciente adulta femenina con antecedente de CET, epilepsia y discapacidad intelectual, así como la descripción de una propuesta de intervención neuropsicológica basada en el funcionamiento ejecutivo dorsolateral.

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A, Julián Manrique, et Juan Felipe Martínez Flórez. « Autopercepción del estilo cognitivo profesional y dominancia cerebral en estudiantes de último año de secundaria ». Revista Lumen Gentium 4, n^o 2 (14 avril 2021) : 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52525/lg.v4n2a3.

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Este estudio busca examinar la relación entre aptitudes profesionales, perfil de estilo cognitivo (EC) y de dominancia cerebral (DC). Mediante un diseño correlacional se evaluó la autopercepción del estilo cognitivo profesional y la dominancia cerebral en 98 estudiantes de último año de secundaria. Abstract Between professional skills, cognitive style profile (CS) and brain dominance (BD). Following a correlational design, the self-perception of professional cognitive style and brain dominance were evaluated in 98 last year high school students

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Carvalho, Ariane Cristina Ramello, Sandra de Fátima Barboza Ferreira, José Salomão Schwartzman et Alessandra Gotuzo Seabra. « Perfil neuropsicológico de um adolescente com síndrome de potocki-lupski (duplicação 17p11. 2 p11. 2) : estudo de caso ». Archives of Health 2, n^o 5 (30 août 2021) : 1465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46919/archv2n5-008.

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A síndrome de Potocki-Lupski (PTLS), ou trissomia 17p11.2, caracteriza-se por microduplicação da banda 11.2 do cromossomo 17. Trata-se de uma síndrome recém descoberta, associada à síndrome de Smith-Magenis - SMS e caracteriza-se pela presença de sintomas dos transtornos do espectro do autismo, comprometimentos cognitivos, dificuldades na fala e aprendizagem, hipotonia e alterações cardíacas congênitas. O objetivo desse estudo foi estabelecer o perfil cognitivo de um adolescente diagnosticado com PTLS. O participante, do sexo masculino, tinha 19 anos, cursando o nono ano do ensino fundamental, e foi diagnosticado nesta mesma idade, antes desta avaliação, solicitada devido às suas dificuldades de aprendizagem. Foram realizadas entrevista anamnésica, entrevista semi-estruturada com o adolescente, cinco sessões em que foram administrados testes de inteligência (WAIS-III, Raven), de habilidades cognitivas (RAVLT, TDE, D2, FAS) e de personalidade (HTP) e, ao final, realizou-se a entrevista devolutiva com o adolescente e a mãe. Identificaram-se prejuízos importantes de atenção e funções executivas e déficits relacionados à linguagem, com relativa preservação da organização perceptiva-visual e da velocidade de processamento. O atraso cognitivo e as dificuldades de aprendizagem, sobretudo relacionadas à aquisição de habilidades escolares, corroboram dados da literatura. Por outro lado, foram observadas pontuações próximas à média em provas de inteligência, o que não reflete sua real funcionalidade, indicando que resultados majorados em testes padronizados podem ser efeito de supertreino ou podem refletir os déficits executivos, usualmente não identificáveis em testes de inteligência. A avaliação neuropsicológica possibilitou o estabelecimento do perfil cognitivo, indicando forças e fraquezas, fornecendo subsídios ao projeto terapêutico no âmbito clínico e educacional. Introduction: Potocki-Lupski syndrome (PTLS), or trisomy 17p11.2, is characterized by microduplication of band 11.2 of chromosome 17. It is a newly discovered syndrome, associated with Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) and presents symptoms of the autism spectrum disorders, cognitive impairments, speech and learning difficulties, hypotonia and congenital heart alterations. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the cognitive profile of an adolescent with PTLS. Method: The male participant was 19 years of age, enrolled in the ninth year of elementary education, and was diagnosed at this age, prior to this evaluation, due to his learning difficulties. An anamnesis interview, a semi-structured interview, five sessions in which intelligence tests (WAIS-III, Raven), cognitive ability tests (RAVLT, TDE, D2, FAS) and personality tests (HTP) were administered, and a return interview with the adolescent and the mother were carried out. Results: Significant impairments in attention and executive functions and language-related deficits were identified, with relative preservation of the perceptual-visual organization and processing speed. The cognitive delay and learning difficulties, especially related to the acquisition of academic skills, corroborate data from the literature. Scores close to the average in intelligence tests were observed, which did not reflect the real functionality. Conclusions: Higher scores in the standardized tests may have been an effect of intensive training or may reflect executive deficits that are usually unidentifiable in intelligence tests. The neuropsychological evaluation established the cognitive profile, indicating strengths and weaknesses, providing support for the therapeutic project in the clinical and educational context.

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Cole, Kevin N., Truman E. Coggins et Cheryl Vanderstoep. « The Influence of Language/Cognitive Profile on Discourse Intervention Outcome ». Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 30, n^o 1 (janvier 1999) : 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.3001.61.

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Children with communication needs are often allocated intervention services as a result of the relationship between their cognitive ability and language performance. Children with higher cognitive skills relative to language skills are considered promising candidates for language services. In contrast, children who are delayed in both cognitive and language abilities are considered poor candidates for intervention and are often excluded from services, or given a lower priority for services. This study examines the effects of intervention on one aspect of pragmatic development (discourse skills) following intervention for two groups of young children with delayed language development: one group with measured cognitive performance above language performance, and the other group with similar delays in both language and cognitive performance. Repeated measures analyses of variance indicated significant differences between groups for two of 15 measures derived from language samples. Both favored the children with equivalent delays in language and cognition. These findings do not support the notion that children with equivalent delays in cognition and language development are poor candidates for language intervention. Service delivery and policy implications are discussed.

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Coppola, Frédéric, Philippe Courtet et Emilie Olié. « Profil neuropsychologique et mémoire de travail dans le trouble bipolaire ». Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 63, n^o 5 (29 novembre 2017) : 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743717744777.

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Selon l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), le trouble bipolaire fait partie des dix maladies les plus couteuses et invalidantes sur le plan mondial. La prise en charge habituelle de cette pathologie comprend un suivi psychiatrique dont la fréquence est adaptée à l’état thymique, et la mise en place d’un traitement thymorégulateur. Toutefois, le devenir des patients atteints de trouble bipolaire reste insatisfaisant. Les répercussions psychosociales, majorées par la présence fréquente de comorbidités somatiques et psychiatriques sont importantes (Bonnin et al., 2010) et peuvent être invalidantes: désinsertion socioprofessionnelle, isolement social, retentissement familial, bas niveau socio-économique, moindre qualité de vie. Une altération fonctionnelle est ainsi retrouvée lors des phases de décompensations aigues, mais également en période intercritique où différents facteurs peuvent être impliqués: symptomatologie résiduelle thymique ou cognitive, comme conséquences des épisodes, présence de comorbidités…En effet, 30% des patients bipolaires présentent pendant cette phase de la maladie des déficits cognitifs, objectivables par des tests neuropsychologiques (Gualtieri and Morgan, 2008). Près de deux tiers présentent des plaintes cognitives subjectives (Martinez-Aran et al., 2005) qui sont négativement corrélées avec la qualité de vie. Parmi ces déficits, l’atteinte de la mémoire de travail est rapportée par plusieurs études (Bora et al., 2009; Robinson et al., 2006), et semble jouer un rôle important dans le handicap fonctionnel. Prendre en charge les troubles cognitifs semble être un enjeu important afin d’améliorer le fonctionnement, la qualité de vie du patient ainsi que la stabilité du trouble. Cependant, les techniques de remédiation cognitive, largement développées pour les patients atteints de schizophrénie, restent limitées dans le trouble bipolaire, malgré l’impact majeur des déficits cognitifs dans ce trouble. L’objectif de cet article est de faire le point sur le profil neuropsychologique du patient bipolaire en période intercritique, en mettant en avant le rôle prépondérant de la mémoire de travail dans le handicap fonctionnel. Nous discuterons également des avancées thérapeutiques actuelles permettant de prendre en charge ces déficits et améliorer le fonctionnement du patient.

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Shestopalova, O. P., et T. Yu Goncharova. « The phenomenon of “clip thinking” in the educational and cognitive activities of students of natural and physical-mathematical educational profile ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2288, n^o 1 (1 juin 2022) : 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2288/1/012036.

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Abstract The article presents an analysis of the phenomenon of “clip thinking” in the educational and cognitive activities of students of natural and physical-mathematical educational profile. The involvement of clip thinking in the initial stage of cognition in comparison with rational and theoretical thinking is theoretically substantiated. An empirical verification of the originality of cognitive processes of students of natural and physical-mathematical educational profile in the situation of comparing traditional linear (textual) and hypertextual way of presenting information is established. Deficiency of cognitive processes characteristic of clip thinking for results is revealed, which is characterized by characteristics of mental (theoretical) level of cognition. Therefore, the next stage of cognition should be the understanding of information through the mechanisms of comparison, generalization, categorization and re-synthesis.

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Chamard, Ludivine, Sabrina Ferreira, Alexa Pijoff, Manon Silvestre, Eric Berger et Eloi Magnin. « Cognitive Impairment Involving Social Cognition in SPG4 Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia ». Behavioural Neurology 2016 (2016) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6423461.

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Objectives. To describe cognitive assessment including social cognition in SPG4 patients.Methods. We reported a series of nine patients with SPG4 mutation with an extensive neuropsychological examination including social cognition assessment.Results. None of our patients presented with mental retardation or dementia. All presented with mild cognitive impairment with a high frequency of attention deficit (100%), executive disorders (89%), and social cognition impairment (78%). An asymptomatic patient for motor skills presented with the same cognitive profile. No correlation was found in this small sample between cognitive impairment and motor impairment, age at disease onset, or disease duration.Conclusions. SPG4 phenotypes share some cognitive features of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cognitive disorders including executive disorders and social cognition impairment are frequent in SPG4 patients and might sometimes occur before motor disorders. Therefore, cognitive functions including social cognition should be systematically assessed in order to improve the clinical management of this population.

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Pavarini, S., A. Brigola, B. M. Luchesi, M. Terassi, N. A. Oliveira, T. d. Alexandre, K. Inouye et A. I. Ottaviani. « COGNITIVE PROFILE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE COGNITION OF OLDER CAREGIVERS ». Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (30 juin 2017) : 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.2922.

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Jalenques, I. « SMP – Diagnostic et traitement personnalisés : un paradigme d’avenir dans les troubles schizophréniques ». European Psychiatry 29, S3 (novembre 2014) : 591–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.315.

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L’objectif d’un diagnostic et d’un programme thérapeutique personnalisés pour chaque patient souffrant de troubles schizophréniques n’est aujourd’hui qu’en partie atteint. Cette session fait le point sur les dernières avancées et celles à venir concernant les outils et stratégies diagnostiques ainsi que les thérapeutiques médicamenteuses et cognitives.Si l’hétérogénéité des tableaux cliniques répondant aux critères diagnostiques de schizophrénie est une constatation bien établie, on ne sait pas encore clairement ce que recouvre cette hétérogénéité : maladies distinctes ou variabilité d’expression d’une même maladie. Outre l’intérêt théorique, identifier une étiologie revêt un intérêt pratique pour définir la stratégie thérapeutique la plus adaptée chez un patient donné car certaines caractéristiques cognitives ou évolutives ont une incidence sur les options thérapeutiques. Reste à déterminer un algorithme réaliste permettant de hiérarchiser outils et examens pour affiner le bilan diagnostique de l’ensemble des patients.L’évolution des troubles schizophréniques a été amplement modifiée suite à l’avènement des neuroleptiques en 1952. Les antipsychotiques de seconde génération sont venus compléter l’offre de soins. Les données récentes insistent sur la nécessité de traiter sans retard car la souffrance engendrée par la maladie est réelle. Avec les nouvelles molécules la prise en charge devrait être individualisée, prenant en compte les attentes et appréhensions des patients notamment face au traitement pharmacologique.Les troubles cognitifs très fréquents, hétérogènes, contribuent fortement au pronostic fonctionnel. Le profil des compétences dégradées et préservées est propre à chaque patient : une remédiation cognitive pertinente nécessite donc des prises en charge individualisées. Le bilan neuropsychologique, dans le cadre d’une évaluation intégrative multidisciplinaire, permet d’établir des liens entre les profils cognitif et fonctionnel. Les éventuelles indications de remédiation cognitive qui en découlent ne doivent pas viser l’amélioration des performances cognitives pour elles-mêmes, mais la réussite de projets concrets dans les domaines social ou professionnel à laquelle cette amélioration peut contribuer [1,2].

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Yumniyati, Khisna, Imam Sujadi et Diari Indriati. « Cognitive Level Profile in Solving Mathematics Problem at Ten Grade of Senior High School Students with Low Ability ». International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, n^o 1 (4 mars 2019) : 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i1.485.

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This research is motivated by the importance of problem solving skill for students in 21st century, whereas students' skill in solving mathematics problems is various in accordance their cognitive levels. Students’ cognitive levels in solving problems include; cognition; metacognition; and epistemic cognition. Cognitive level affects individual in understanding problem and deciding the right strategy to solve it. The purpose of this study is to describe cognitive levels of low-ability students. This study uses qualitative methods with task-based interviews. The material is three-variable linear equation system. The research subjects are two low-ability students at ten grade of State Senior High School in Pati Regency. The results show that the two subjects have weaknesses at each level, for example the two subjects are able to work on the given problems, but both subjects are unable to define equations, inequality, similarity, and dissimilarity correctly in the initial type of cognition level.

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Barton, David J., Raj G. Kumar, Alexandria A. Schuster, Shannon B. Juengst, Byung-Mo Oh et Amy K. Wagner. « Acute Cortisol Profile Associations With Cognitive Impairment After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ». Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 35, n^o 12 (23 octobre 2021) : 1088–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15459683211048771.

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Background Cognitive impairments commonly occur after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and affect daily functioning. Cortisol levels, which are elevated during acute hospitalization for most individuals after severe TBI, can influence cognition, but this association has not been studied previously in TBI. Objective We hypothesized that serum and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) cortisol trajectories over days 0–5 post-injury are associated with cognition 6-month post-injury. Methods We examined 94 participants with severe TBI, collected acute serum and/or CSF samples over days 0–5 post-injury, and compared cortisol levels to those in 17 healthy controls. N = 88 participants had serum, and n = 84 had CSF samples available for cortisol measurement and had neuropsychological testing 6 months post-injury. Group based trajectory analysis (TRAJ) was used to generate temporal serum and CSF cortisol profiles which were examined for associations with neuropsychological performance. We used linear regression to examine relationships between cortisol TRAJ groups and both overall and domain-specific cognition. Results TRAJ analysis identified a high group and a decliner group for serum and a high group and low group for CSF cortisol. Multivariable analysis showed serum cortisol TRAJ group was associated with overall cognitive composites scores ( P = .024) and with executive function ( P = .039) and verbal fluency ( P = .029) domain scores. CSF cortisol TRAJ group was associated with overall cognitive composite scores ( P = .021) and domain scores for executive function ( P = .041), verbal fluency ( P = .031), and attention ( P = .034). Conclusions High acute cortisol trajectories are associated with poorer cognition 6 months post-TBI.

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Liu, Qi, Chang Liu, Yu Chen et Yumei Zhang. « Cognitive Dysfunction following Cerebellar Stroke : Insights Gained from Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Research ». Neural Plasticity 2022 (15 avril 2022) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3148739.

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Although the cerebellum has been consistently noted in the process of cognition, the pathophysiology of this link is still under exploration. Cerebellar stroke, in which the lesions are focal and limited, provides an appropriate clinical model disease for studying the role of the cerebellum in the cognitive process. This review article targeting the cerebellar stroke population (1) describes a cognitive impairment profile, (2) identifies the cerebellar structural alterations linked to cognition, and (3) reveals possible mechanisms of cerebellar cognition using functional neuroimaging. The data indicates the disruption of the cerebro-cerebellar loop in cerebellar stroke and its contribution to cognitive dysfunctions. And the characteristic of cognitive deficits are mild, span a broad spectrum, dominated by executive impairment. The consideration of these findings could contribute to deeper and more sophisticated insights into the cognitive function of the cerebellum and might provide a novel approach to cognitive rehabilitation. The goal of this review is to spread awareness of cognitive impairments in cerebellar disorders.

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Wiyoko, Tri, et Aprizan Aprizan. « Analisis Profil Kemampuan Kognitif Mahasiswa PGSD Pada Mata Kuliah Ilmu Alamiah Dasar ». IJIS Edu : Indonesian Journal of Integrated Science Education 2, n^o 1 (31 janvier 2020) : 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/ijisedu.v2i1.2384.

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AbstrakPembelajaran menurut peraturan harus berpusat pada mahasiswa. Dalam perkembangannya mahasiswa yang memiliki hal tersebut belum diketahui profil kognitifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profile kemampuan kognitif mahasiswa PGSD pada mata kuliah Ilmu Alamiah Dasar. Penelitian dilaksanakan di program studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar STKIP Muhammadiyah Muara Bungo. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dan teknik analisis kualitatif penskoran dengan koreksi terhadap jawaban tebakan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Mahasiswa PGSD memiliki profil kemampuan kognitif pada mata kuliah Ilmu Alamiah Dasar (IAD) sebagai berikut; (1) Mahasiswa PGSD STKIP Muhammadiyah Muara Bungo yang memiliki kemampuan kognitif yang sangat tinggi sebesar 7%, tinggi sebesar 40%, sedang sebesar 37%, dan kemampuan kognitif yang rendah sebesar 17%. (2) Mahasiswa PGSD STKIP Muhammadiyah Muara Bungo dalam mata kuliah Ilmu Alamiah Dasar memiliki profil kemampuan kognitif berupa kemampuan mengingat (C1) sebesar 75%, kemampuan memahami (C2) sebesar 90%, kemampuan mengaplikasikan (C3)sebesar 57,50% dan kemampuan menganalisis (C4) sebesar 30%. (3) Kemampuan mahasiswa PGSD STKIP Muhammadiyah Muara Bungo dalam proses kognitif LOTS (Low Order Thinking Skill) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kemampuan proses kognitif HOTS (High Order Thingking Skill). AbstractLearning according to regulations must be student-centered. In its development, students who have this have not yet known their cognitive profile. This study aims to determine the profile of PGSD students' cognitive abilities in the Basic Natural Sciences course. The research was carried out in the STKIP Muhammadiyah Primary School Teacher Education Study Program Muara Bungo. This research method uses quantitative descriptive methods and qualitative scoring analysis techniques with corrections to guess answers. The results of the analysis show that PGSD students have a profile of cognitive abilities in the subject of Basic Natural Sciences (IAD) as follows; (1) PGSD STKIP Muhammadiyah Muara Bungo students who have very high cognitive abilities by 7%, high by 40%, moderate by 37%, and low cognitive abilities by 17%. (2) PGSD STKIP Muhammadiyah Muara Bungo students in Basic Natural Sciences courses have a cognitive ability profile in the form of the ability to remember (C1) by 75%, the ability to understand (C2) by 90%, the ability to apply (C3) by 57.50% and the ability to analyze (C4) by 30% . (3) The ability of students of PGSD STKIP Muhammadiyah Muara Bungo in LOTS (Low Order Thinking Skill) cognitive processes is higher than the ability of HOTS (High Order Thingking Skill) cognitive process.

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Justin Sagayaraj, M., Jithesh V., J. B. Singh, Dange Roshani et K. G. Srinivasa. « A Hybrid Approach to Cognition in Radars ». Defence Science Journal 68, n^o 2 (13 mars 2018) : 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.68.12228.

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In many engineering domains, cognition is emerging to play vital role. Cognition will play crucial role in radar engineering as well for the development of next generation radars. In this paper, a cognitive architecture for radars is introduced, based on hybrid cognitive architectures. The paper proposes deep learning applications for integrated target classification based on high-resolution radar range profile measurements and target revisit time calculation as case studies. The proposed architecture is based on the artificial cognitive systems concepts and provides a basis for addressing cognition in radars, which is inadequately explored for radar systems. Initial experimental studies on the applicability of deep learning techniques under this approach provided promising results.

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Gu, Jenny, Corinne E. Fischer, Gustavo Saposnik et Tom A. Schweizer. « Profile of Cognitive Complaints in Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Cognitive Impairment ». ISRN Neurology 2013 (28 octobre 2013) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/865827.

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Objective. Vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) is differentiated from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by the presence of vascular events such as stroke or small vessel disease. Typically, MCI and VaMCI patients present with subjective complaints regarding cognition; however, little is known about the specific nature of these complaints. We aimed to create a profile of subjective cognitive complaints in MCI and VaMCI patients with similar levels of objective cognitive performance. Methods. Twenty MCI and twenty VaMCI patients were recruited from a Memory Disorders Clinic in Toronto. Subjective cognitive complaints were assessed and categorized using the Neuropsychological Impairment Scale. Results. MCI and VaMCI patients achieved similar scores on measures of objective cognitive function (). However, the VaMCI group had more subjective complaints than the MCI group (), particularly in the critical items, cognitive efficiency, memory, and verbal learning domains of the Neuropsychological Impairment Scale. Conclusions. Our findings support the idea that VaMCI and MCI differ in their clinical profiles, independent of neuroimaging. VaMCI patients have significantly more subjective cognitive complaints and may be exhibiting particular deficits in memory, verbal learning, and cognitive efficiency. Our findings promote the need for further research into VaMCI-specific cognitive deficits.

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Gray, Wayne D., Michael J. Schoelles et Chris Sims. « Cognitive Metrics Profiling ». Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, n^o 12 (septembre 2005) : 1144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901210.

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Cognitive Metrics Profiling promises a new approach to minimizing the cognitive workload of interactive systems. By metering high-fidelity computational cognitive models of embodied cognition, Cognitive Metrics Profiles provide a theory-based prediction of the transient changes in workload demanded by dynamic task environments. Although establishing the reliability and validity of this new approach will not be trivial, our profiles stand on the shoulders of the ACT-R architecture of cognition. More than 30-yrs of research have gone into the ACT line of theories. Over the last decade, hundreds of researchers have used ACT-R to build and test models of human cognition. Hence, although many of the details of the architecture are certainly incomplete, much of ACT-R is approximately correct. We expect that the predictions of a Cognitive Metrics Profile based on ACT-R will provide a better estimate of cognitive workload than the estimates used in current human factors practice.

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Lamar, Melissa, Deborah Drabick, Elizabeth A. Boots, Puja Agarwal, Sheina Emrani, Lisa Delano-Wood, Mark W. Bondi, Lisa L. Barnes et David J. Libon. « Latent Profile Analysis of Cognition in a Non-Demented Diverse Cohort : A Focus on Modifiable Cardiovascular and Lifestyle Factors ». Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 82, n^o 4 (17 août 2021) : 1833–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210110.

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Background: Cognitively-defined subgroups are well-documented within neurodegeneration. Objective: We examined such profiles in diverse non-demented older adults and considered how resulting subgroups relate to modifiable factors associated with neurodegeneration. Methods: 121 non-demented (MMSE = 28.62) diverse (46%non-Latino Black, 40%non-Latino White, 15%Latino) community-dwelling adults (age = 67.7 years) completed cognitive, cardiovascular, physical activity, and diet evaluations. Latent profile analyses (LPA) employed six cognitive scores (letter fluency, letter-number sequencing, confrontational naming, ‘animal’ fluency, list-learning delayed recall, and recognition discriminability) to characterize cognitively-defined subgroups. Differences between resulting subgroups on cardiovascular (composite scores of overall health; specific health components including fasting blood levels) and lifestyle (sedentary behavior; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; Mediterranean diet consumption) factors were examined using ANCOVAs adjusting for relevant confounders. Results: Based on sample means across cognitive scores, LPA resulted in the following cognitive subgroups: 1) high-average cognition, 55%non-Latino White and 64%female participants; 2) average cognition, 58%non-Latino Black and 68%male participants; 3) lower memory, 58%non-Latino Black participants; and 4) lower executive functioning, 70%Latinos. The high-average subgroup reported significantly higher Mediterranean diet consumption than the average subgroup (p = 0.001). The lower executive functioning group had higher fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c than all other subgroups (p-values<0.001). Conclusion: LPA revealed two average subgroups reflecting level differences in cognition previously reported between non-Latino White and Black adults, and two lower cognition subgroups in domains similar to those documented in neurodegeneration. These subgroups, and their differences, suggest the importance of considering social determinants of health in cognitive aging and modifiable risk.

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Sira, Indriani, Abd Hamid et Evie Awuy. « PROFIL PEMECAHAN MASALAH SEGITIGA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 19 PALU DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF ». Aksioma 8, n^o 2 (24 septembre 2019) : 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/aksioma.v8i2.209.

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Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil pemecahan masalah segitiga siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 19 Palu ditinjau dari gaya kognitif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) profil pemecahan masalah siswa FI pada tahap memahami masalah yaitu: mengidentifikasi informasi-informasi yang diketahui dan ditanyakan. 2) Profil pemecahan masalah siswa FI pada tahap membuat rencana yaitu: mampu membuat hubungan antara informasi yang ada dengan masalah yang ditanyakan dengan mengaikatkan pengetahuan dan pengalamannya. 3) Profil pemecahan masalah subjek FI pada tahap melaksanakan rencana yaitu subjek dengan gaya kognitif FI dapat menerapkan rencana yang telah dibuat selanjutnya melaksanakan rencana dengan menggunakan konsep yang telah dipelajari sebelumnya. 4) Profil pemecahan masalah siswa FI pada tahap memeriksa kembali yaitu: subjek memeriksa kembali langkah demi langkah hasil pekerjaan 5) Profil pemecahan masalah siswa FD pada tahap memahami masalah yaitu: dengan cara membaca masalah berulang-ulang dan membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama dalam memahami masalah. 6) Profil pemecahan masalah siswa FD pada tahap membuat rencana yaitu: subjek kurang tepat dalam membuat rencana penyelesaian. 7) Profil pemecahan masalah subjek FD pada tahap melaksanakan rencana yaitu subjek mengalami kesulitan dalam menerapkan rencana yang telah dibuat sebelumnya sehingga menambahkan beberapa strategi untuk dapat menyelesaikan masalah yang dihadapi. 8) Profil pemecahan masalah siswa FD pada tahap memeriksa kembali yaitu: subjek tidak melakukan pengecekan kembali hasil pekerjaan. Kata Kunci: Profil, Pemecahan Masalah, Segitiga, Gaya Kognitif. Abstract: This study aims to describe the problem solving problem of triangle students of class VIII SMP Negeri 19 Palu in terms of cognitive style. This type of research is qualitative research. The results showed that the results showed that: 1) the problem solving profile of FI students at the understanding stage of the problem that is: identifying the information known and asked. 2) FI student problem-solving profile at the stage of making a plan that is: able to make the relationship between existing information with the problem that is asked by raising knowledge and experience. 3) Profile of FI subject problem solving at the stage of implementing the plan ie subjects with cognitive style FI can implement the plan that has been made subsequently implement the plan by using the concept that has been studied previously. 4) FI stuzdent problem-solving profile at re-examination stage: subject check back step by step job result 5) FD student problem solving profile at the understanding stage of the problem that is: by reading the problem repeatedly and takes longer time to understand the problem . 6) Profile of FD student problem solving at the stage of making a plan that is: the subject is less precise in making the settlement plan. 7) The problem solving profile of the FD subject at the stage of implementing the plan ie the subject has difficulty in applying the pre-made plan so as to add some strategies to solve the problems encountered. 8) FD student problem-solving profile at the re-examination stage ie: the subject does not re-check the work result. Keywords: Profile, Troubleshooting, Triangle, Cognitive Style

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Lamar, Melissa, Alan J. Lerner, Bryan D. James, Lei Yu, Crystal M. Glover, Robert S. Wilson et Lisa L. Barnes. « Relationship of Early-Life Residence and Educational Experience to Level and Change in Cognitive Functioning : Results of the Minority Aging Research Study ». Journals of Gerontology : Series B 75, n^o 7 (18 mars 2019) : e81-e92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz031.

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Abstract Objective Investigate associations of early-life residence and school segregation with cognitive change in the Minority Aging Research Study. Methods Four hundred ninety-eight blacks (age ~ 73.5; 75% = women) without dementia at baseline self-reported State of birth, residence at age 12, and school segregation status. Census Bureau definitions of South and Northeast/Midwest were used to categorize early-life residence. We evaluated global cognition and five cognitive domains at baseline and annually for ~7.5 years. Linear mixed effects models examined the associations of region of birth and residence at age 12 with baseline level and longitudinal change in cognition. Additional models examined school segregation experience. Results ~65% of Southern-born participants still lived in the South at age 12. Southern birth was associated with lower baseline global cognition and all cognitive domains (p-values ≤ .02) compared to Northern birth, but not cognitive change. A similar profile was seen for Southern residence at age 12. Segregation experience significantly modified associations of residence at age 12 on levels of cognition. Participants residing in the South attending a legally desegregated school demonstrated lower baseline levels of cognition (global, semantic, and working memory) than their Northeast/Midwest counterparts attending a legally desegregated or segregated school as well as their Southern counterparts attending a legally segregated school. This profile for participants attending a desegregated school in the South held for processing speed and visuospatial ability in comparisons to Northeast/Midwest counterparts, particularly those attending a legally desegregated school. Conclusion Baseline cognition was poorer in individuals born and residing in the South, particularly those attending desegregated schools at age 12.

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Bellugi, Ursula, Liz Lichtenberger, Wendy Jones, Zona Lai et Marie St. George. « I. The Neurocognitive Profile of Williams Syndrome : A Complex Pattern of Strengths and Weaknesses ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12, supplement 1 (mars 2000) : 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892900561959.

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The rare, genetically based disorder, Williams syndrome (WMS), produces a constellation of distinctive cognitive, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological features which we explore through the series of studies reported here. In this paper, we focus primarily on the cognitive characteristics of WMS and begin to forge links among these characteristics, the brain, and the genetic basis of the disorder. The distinctive cognitive profile of individuals with WMS includes relative strengths in language and facial processing and profound impairment in spatial cognition. The cognitive profile of abilities, including what is ‘typical’ for individuals with WMS is discussed, but we also highlight areas of variability across the group of individuals with WMS that we have studied. Although the overall cognitive abilities (IQs) of individuals with WMS are typically in the mild-to-moderate range of mental retardation, the peaks and valleys within different cognitive domains make this syndrome especially intriguing to study across levels. Understanding the brain basis (and ultimately the genetic basis) for higher cognitive functioning is the goal we have begun to undertake with this line of interdisciplinary research.

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Benbow, Jen, Anne PF Wand et Brett Simpson. « A pilot study examining the profile of older people on clozapine ». Australasian Psychiatry 26, n^o 6 (18 septembre 2018) : 619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856218797435.

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Objective: The primary aim was to comprehensively describe the characteristics of a cohort of older people taking clozapine. Method: Participants aged ⩾ 60 had a geriatric assessment including full medical, medication and social history. Standardized screening tools for cognition, function, comorbidity and antipsychotic side effects were administered and descriptive statistics utilized. Results: Thirteen patients were eligible to participate and 10 were assessed. The mean age was 69 years. The mean clozapine dose was 309 mg/day and mean duration of use was 10 years. All participants had executive dysfunction, and half had cognitive impairment. The mean number of co-morbid conditions was five. Seven people met the criteria for polypharmacy. Eight people experienced moderate–severe antipsychotic-related side-effects. The majority demonstrated impaired physical functioning. Conclusions: This cohort of older people taking clozapine experienced considerable morbidity, functional and cognitive impairment. We suggest routine screening of cognition and function in clozapine patients aged ⩾ 60 years. Those screening positive should be considered for further assessment by Older Person’s Mental Health Services and/or a Geriatric Medicine service.

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Lei, Zhao, Bo Qijing, Mao Zhen et Wang Chuanyue. « S72. MCCB COGNITIVE PROFILE IN CHINESE FIRST EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS AND SUBJECTS AT CLINICAL HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS ». Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (avril 2020) : S61—S62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.138.

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Abstract Background Cognitive dysfunction is acknowledged as one of the most pivotal symptoms in schizophrenia. Although many studies have assessed cognitive functioning in first-episode schizophrenia (FES), the pattern and severity of impairment across cognitive domains remain unclear. Moreover, few studies have directly compared the pattern of cognitive performance between FES and subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). The objective of the study was to examine the cognitive profile of Chinese patients with FES and to compare that to the profile of patients with subjects at CHR and healthy controls (HC). Methods We applied the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery to evaluate the cognitive function of 56 first-episode patients with schizophrenia aged between 19–32 years old), 42 cases of clinical high risk for psychosis (aged between 18–28 years old) and 62 healthy controls (aged between 21–29 years old).All data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 statistical software. Results FES showed impaired performance across all MCCB domains relative to HC（P＜0.05）. With the exception of relative preservation of reasoning and problem solving (P=0.21) and social cognition （P=0.16）in CHR, the MCCB domain scores were similar in CHR and FES. Discussion The findings suggest that the pattern, magnitude, and distribution of severity of impairment in CHR were similar to that observed in FES. However, early in the illness, there may be relative sparing of reasoning and problem solving and social cognition.

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Yaman, Mehmet. « Cognitive Profile of Inpatients ». Balkan Medical Journal 29, n^o 1 (1 mars 2012) : 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/balkanmedj.2011.026.

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Tedesco, Anna M., Francesca R. Chiricozzi, Silvia Clausi, Michela Lupo, Marco Molinari et Maria G. Leggio. « The cerebellar cognitive profile ». Brain 134, n^o 12 (25 octobre 2011) : 3672–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awr266.

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Buffon, F. « Cognitive profile in CADASIL ». Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & ; Psychiatry 77, n^o 2 (1 février 2006) : 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2005.068726.

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Kim, Moon Young, Deepali Sen, Ronald R. Drummond, Matthew C. Brandenburg, Kathryn LP Biesanz, Alfred HJ Kim, Seth A. Eisen, Carolyn M. Baum et Erin R. Foster. « Cognitive dysfunction among people with systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with reduced participation in daily life ». Lupus 30, n^o 7 (1 avril 2021) : 1100–1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09612033211006187.

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Objectives This study aimed to investigate the distribution of cognitive function in people with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by objective and self-report measures and associations between cognition and participation among people with SLE. Methods Fifty-five volunteers with SLE (age: 39.7 ± 12.7yrs, female: 92.7%) completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to measure cognitive ability objectively, the Cognitive Symptom Inventory (CSI) and PROMIS Cognitive Function 8a (CF) to assess self-reported everyday cognition, and PROMIS-43 Profile to assess self-reported ability to participate in social roles and activities (participation) and other disease-associated symptoms (e.g., depression, pain, fatigue). Results The average MoCA score was 25.3 ± 3.1, with 47.3% of participants scoring <26, which is indicative of cognitive impairment. Group average CSI (35.8 ± 7.9), CF (T-score = 45.0 ± 8.5), and participation (T-score = 46.9 ± 11.2) scores suggest mildly impaired functional cognition and participation compared to normative data. Participation correlated with self-reported everyday cognition measures (r ≥ 0.56, p < 0.01) but not with MoCA (r = 0.25, p = 0.06). In hierarchical linear regression analysis, CSI, fatigue, and pain were each significant independent predictors of participation (R2 = 0.78, p < 0.01). Conclusions We found that cognitive dysfunction is common among people with SLE. Along with pain and fatigue, reduced everyday cognitive function contributes to reduced participation in social, leisure, work, and family-related activities.

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Papageorgiou, Georgios, Dimitrios Kasselimis, Georgia Angelopoulou, Dimitrios Tsolakopoulos, Nikolaos Laskaris, Argyro Tountopoulou, Eleni Korompoki et al. « Neurocognitive Profiles of Caucasian Moyamoya Disease Patients in Greece : A Case Series ». NeuroSci 3, n^o 1 (23 février 2022) : 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/neurosci3010010.

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The impact of Moyamoya Disease (MMD) on cognition inadult Caucasian patients has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The current study is the first to present detailed neuropsychological data on a series of Greek patients with MMD. A group of eight patients was assessed with an extensive neuropsychological battery, including measures of episodic memory, working memory, executive functions, language, and social cognition. The results indicated that MMD may be characterized by a trichotomous neurocognitive profile, characterized by prominent impairment in working memory, executive functions, and social cognition. Overall, we stress the need for a thorough cognitive evaluation of MMD patients and further highlight the potential importance of social cognition in this particular disease. Possible associations between the three impaired cognitive domains in our group are also discussed.

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Lulé, Dorothée E., Helena E. A. Aho-Özhan, Cynthia Vázquez, Ulrike Weiland, Jochen H. Weishaupt, Markus Otto, Sarah Anderl-Straub, Elisa Semler, Ingo Uttner et Albert C. Ludolph. « Story of the ALS-FTD continuum retold : rather two distinct entities ». Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & ; Psychiatry 90, n^o 5 (26 septembre 2018) : 586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-318800.

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ObjectiveTo determine the evolution and profile of cognitive and behavioural deficits in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) to disentangle the development of FTD in ALS and vice versa.MethodsIn a prospective design, cognitive and behavioural profiles of 762 patients with motor predominant ALS (flail arm/leg syndrome, primary lateral sclerosis, pseudobulbar palsy, ALS) and behavioural predominant FTD (bvFTD, ALS-FTD) were determined and caregivers of patients with ALS were asked on the evolution of behavioural symptoms. Data were compared with 49 healthy controls. Cognition was measured with the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen.ResultsEvolution and features of cognitive profile of patients with motor predominant ALS were distinctly different from patients with behavioural FTD with regard to number and degree of affected cognitive domains. Also, in ALS mostly minus symptoms evolved after physical symptom onset whereas in ALS-FTD plus and minus symptoms were reported with an onset before physical degradation.ConclusionEvolution of cognitive and behavioural profile in patients with motor predominant ALS is distinctly different from those psychocognitive findings in patients with behavioural variant dementia. This may support the hypothesis that (possibly genetic) triggers decide in the preclinical phase on either motor or psychocognitive phenotypes.

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Fernández-Alvarado, Patricia, et Iban Onandia-Hinchado. « Perfil cognitivo del trastorno del espectro autista en población infantojuvenil : una revisión sistemática ». Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes 9, n^o 3 (septembre 2022) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/rpcna.2022.09.3.3.

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Cognitive profile of Autism Spectrum Disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Contradictory results have been found in relation to the cognitive profile that characterizes the population with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the available evidence about the cognitive deficits associated with ASD in children and adolescents. 26 studies were selected, encompassing the findings of a total of 1,229 child-young individuals with a diagnosis of ASD and 1,052 typically developing (TD). Studies since 2018 that compared performance in cognitive domains in between those populations were included. The results suggest that ASD present cognitive functioning that differs significantly from that of their peers with TD, with specific alterations in cognitive processes and domains, which is related to the way in which they process information and involves the affectation of other cognitive domains such attention, memory, executive functions, language, and social cognition. The main limitations of this review refer to the size of the sample in relation to the great variety of cognitive domains studied and the associated theoretical constructs, as well as the existence of a gender bias in the diagnosis of ASD. This work provides useful information on the cognitive profile of ASD, because studying and defining deeply the cognitive characterization of this population can contribute to improving early detection and the effectiveness of both clinical and educational interventions

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Hershkovich, Arielle, Erica F. Weiss, John McGinley, Diana Bronshteyn, David Masur et Ronda Facchini. « A-278 Neuropsychological Profile of a Child with KCNQ2 ». Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 37, n^o 6 (17 août 2022) : 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acac060.278.

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Abstract Objective: The KCNQ2 gene mutations (KCNQ2), a known cause of neuronal potassium channel dysfunction in brain cells, causes susceptibility to seizures beginning within the first days of life. Seizure semiology, severity and cognitive sequela can vary depending on the type of KCNQ2 mutation. Cognitive impact ranges from moderate to severe; no known consistent presentation. KCNQ2 affects approximately 2.8 in 100,000 births: over 3,000 annual cases worldwide. We describe the neuropsychological findings of an 11-year-old female with a monoallelic mutation of the KCNQ2 gene, and history of seizures. EEG indicated generalized epilepsy syndrome with a right occipital focal area of dysfunction. We highlight the importance of neuropsychological evaluation in medical and psychological management of children with KCNQ2. Methods: Medical history includes multifocal seizures beginning at 2 days old and significant anxiety, both managed with medication, language delay, and a diagnosis of KCNQ2 at age 9. A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was conducted to assess slower processing speed, behavioral concerns, and anxiety. Results: Evaluation revealed low average overall cognition and average academic performances, with strengths in verbal comprehension, fluid reasoning, and written expression. Cognitive processing speed was atypical, with slow processing speed affecting her performance across multiple domains. Behavior assessment supports Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Conclusion: This case of a girl with KCNQ2 demonstrated an atypical cognitive and behavioral profile, contributing to our limited knowledge of how KCNQ2 presents. The patterns of her performances add to the literature of the KCNQ2 gene mutation and raise important questions regarding the role of KCNQ2 in manifestations of cognitive and behavioral symptoms.

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Mubasher, Mian Muhammad, et Syed Waqar Ul Qounain Jaffry. « Incorporation of the Driver’s Personality Profile in an Agent Model ». PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 27, n^o 6 (21 décembre 2015) : 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v27i6.1675.

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Urban traffic flow is a complex system. Behavior of an individual driver can have butterfly effect which can become root cause of an emergent phenomenon such as congestion or accident. Interaction of drivers with each other and the surrounding environment forms the dynamics of traffic flow. Hence global effects of traffic flow depend upon the behavior of each individual driver. Due to several applications of driver models in serious games, urban traffic planning and simulations, study of a realistic driver model is important. Hhence cognitive models of a driver agent are required. In order to address this challenge concepts from cognitive science and psychology are employed to design a computational model of driver cognition which is capable of incorporating law abidance and social norms using big five personality profile.

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Lo, Jessica W., John D. Crawford, David W. Desmond, Olivier Godefroy, Hanna Jokinen, Simin Mahinrad, Hee-Joon Bae et al. « Profile of and risk factors for poststroke cognitive impairment in diverse ethnoregional groups ». Neurology 93, n^o 24 (11 novembre 2019) : e2257-e2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000008612.

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ObjectiveTo address the variability in prevalence estimates and inconsistencies in potential risk factors for poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) using a standardized approach and individual participant data (IPD) from international cohorts in the Stroke and Cognition Consortium (STROKOG) consortium.MethodsWe harmonized data from 13 studies based in 8 countries. Neuropsychological test scores 2 to 6 months after stroke or TIA and appropriate normative data were used to calculate standardized cognitive domain scores. Domain-specific impairment was based on percentile cutoffs from normative groups, and associations between domain scores and risk factors were examined with 1-stage IPD meta-analysis.ResultsIn a combined sample of 3,146 participants admitted to hospital for stroke (97%) or TIA (3%), 44% were impaired in global cognition and 30% to 35% were impaired in individual domains 2 to 6 months after the index event. Diabetes mellitus and a history of stroke were strongly associated with poorer cognitive function after covariate adjustments; hypertension, smoking, and atrial fibrillation had weaker domain-specific associations. While there were no significant differences in domain impairment among ethnoracial groups, some interethnic differences were found in the effects of risk factors on cognition.ConclusionsThis study confirms the high prevalence of PSCI in diverse populations, highlights common risk factors, in particular diabetes mellitus, and points to ethnoracial differences that warrant attention in the development of prevention strategies.

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Lamonja-Vicente, Noemí, Rosalia Dacosta-Aguayo, Jorge López-Olóriz, Laia Prades-Senovilla, Francesca Roig-Coll, Alba Castells-Sánchez, Juan José Soriano-Raya et al. « Sex-Specific Protective Effects of APOE ε2 on Cognitive Performance ». Journals of Gerontology : Series A 76, n^o 1 (29 septembre 2020) : 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa247.

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Abstract Apolipoprotein E (APOE) has an important role in the multiple trajectories of cognitive aging. However, environmental variables and other genes mediate the impact of APOE on cognition. Our main objective was to analyze the effect of APOE genotype on cognition and its interactions and relationships with sex, age, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotype in a sample of 648 healthy participants over 50 years of age with a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Our results showed that APOE ε2 carriers performed better in the Verbal Memory (p = .002) and Fluency Domains (p = .001). When we studied the effect of sex, we observed that the beneficial effect of APOE ε2 on the normalized values of these cognitive domains occurred only in females (β = 0.735; 95% confidence interval, 0.396–1.074; p = 3.167·10−5 and β = 0.568; 95% confidence interval, 0.276–0.861; p = 1.853·10−4, respectively). Similarly, the sex-specific effects of APOE ε2 were further observed on lipidic and inflammation biomarkers. In the whole sample, APOE ε2 carriers showed significantly lower levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein. These differences were found only among females. Furthermore, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol mediated the protective effect of APOE ε2 on cognition in the whole sample and total cholesterol in females, providing candidate physiological mechanisms for the observed genetic effects. Our results show that the neuroprotective role of APOE ε2 in cognition varies with sex and that the lipidic profile partially mediates this protection. Age-related cognitive and functional decline is a continuous biological process with different cognitive trajectories (1). Complex interactions between heritability, environmental influence, and cognitive functions in aging have been highlighted (2). In particular, genetic differences explain around 15%–25% of the variance in life expectancy (3). Therefore, the identification of susceptibility genes and their biological effects on cognitive aging is required to establish interindividual differences in this process and promote early personalized interventions to delay cognitive decline and minimize the financial burden of aging in the health care system.

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Lancaster, Claire, Naji Tabet et Jennifer Rusted. « The Elusive Nature of APOE ε4 in Mid-adulthood : Understanding the Cognitive Profile ». Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 23, n^o 3 (6 janvier 2017) : 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617716000990.

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AbstractObjectives: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is an established risk factor for dementia, yet this genetic variant is associated with a mixed cognitive profile across the lifespan. This study undertakes both a systematic and meta-analytic review of research investigating APOE-related differences in cognition in mid-adulthood, when detrimental effects of the allele may first be detectable. Methods: Thirty-six papers investigating the behavioral effects of APOE ε4 in mid-adulthood (defined as a mean sample age between 35 and 60 years) were reviewed. In addition, the effect of carrying an ε4 allele on individual cognitive domains was assessed in separate meta-analyses. Results: The average effect size of APOE ε4 status was non-significant across cognitive domains. Further consideration of genotype effects indicates preclinical effects of APOE ε4 may be observable in memory and executive functioning. Conclusions: The cognitive profile of APOE ε4 carriers at mid-age remains elusive. Although there is support for comparable performance by ε4 and non-e4 carriers in the 5th decade, studies administering sensitive cognitive paradigms indicate a more nuanced profile of cognitive differences. Methodological issues in this field preclude strong conclusions, which future research must address, as well as considering the influence of further vulnerability factors on genotype effects. (JINS, 2016, 23, 239–253)

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Parke, Elyse M., Megan L. Becker, Stacey J. Graves, Abigail R. Baily, Michelle G. Paul, Andrew J. Freeman et Daniel N. Allen. « Social Cognition in Children With ADHD ». Journal of Attention Disorders 25, n^o 4 (13 décembre 2018) : 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054718816157.

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Objective: Despite evidence of social skill deficits in children with ADHD, there is no consensus regarding a social cognitive profile and whether these skills predict behavior. Therefore, a comprehensive battery was used to investigate the relationship between social cognition and behavioral functioning. Method: Children ages 7 to 13 with ADHD ( n = 25) and controls ( n = 25) completed tests assessing social cognitive domains (affect recognition and theory of mind [ToM]). Parents completed measures of social cognition (pragmatic language ability and empathy), behavioral symptoms, and adaptive functioning. Results: Children with ADHD performed significantly worse on measures of cognitive ToM and affect recognition and received lower ratings of pragmatic language and cognitive empathy than typically developing peers. These domains, particularly pragmatic language, predicted parent ratings of problematic and adaptive behaviors. Conclusion: Results establish a relationship between specific social cognitive abilities and daily functioning, which has implications for treatment.

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Chen, Xi. « Smog, Cognition and Real-World Decision-Making ». International Journal of Health Policy and Management 8, n^o 2 (4 novembre 2018) : 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2018.105.

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Cognitive functioning is critical as in our daily life a host of real-world complex decisions in high-stakes markets have to be made. The decision-making process can be vulnerable to environmental stressors. Summarizing the growing economic and epidemiologic evidence linking air pollution, cognition performance and real-world decision-making, we first illustrate key physiological and psychological pathways between air pollution and cognition. We then document the main patterns of air pollution affecting cognitive test performance by type of cognitive tests, gender, window of exposure, age profile, and educational attainment. We further extend to a review of real-world decision-making that has been found to be affected by air pollution and the resulting cognitive impairments. Finally, rich implications on environmental health policies are drawn based on existing evaluations of social costs of air pollution.

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Lopez-Soley, Elisabet, Jose E. Meca-Lallana, Sara Llufriu, Yolanda Blanco, Rocío Gómez-Ballesteros, Jorge Maurino, Francisco Pérez-Miralles et al. « Cognitive Performance and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ». Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, n^o 5 (2 mai 2022) : 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050743.

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(1) Background: The frequency of cognitive impairment (CI) reported in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is highly variable, and its relationship with demographic and clinical characteristics is poorly understood. We aimed to describe the cognitive profile of NMOSD patients, and to analyse the cognitive differences according to their serostatus; furthermore, we aimed to assess the relationship between cognition, demographic and clinical characteristics, and other aspects linked to health-related quality of life (HRQoL). (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study included 41 patients (median age, 44 years; 85% women) from 13 Spanish centres. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected along with a cognitive z-score (Rao’s Battery) and HRQoL patient-centred measures, and their relationship was explored using linear regression. We used the Akaike information criterion to model which characteristics were associated with cognition. (3) Results: Fourteen patients (34%) had CI, and the most affected cognitive domain was visual memory. Cognition was similar in AQP4-IgG-positive and -negative patients. Gender, mood, fatigue, satisfaction with life, and perception of stigma were associated with cognitive performance (adjusted R2 = 0.396, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The results highlight the presence of CI and its impact on HRQoL in NMOSD patients. Cognitive and psychological assessments may be crucial to achieve a holistic approach in patient care.

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Ferrer-Quintero, Marta, Daniel Fernández, Raquel López-Carrilero, Ana Barajas, Esther Lorente-Rovira, Eva Grasa, Esther Pousa et al. « S70. PROFILES OF SOCIAL COGNITION AND METACOGNITION IN FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS : A LATENT PROFILE ANALYSIS ». Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (avril 2020) : S60—S61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.136.

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Abstract Background Social cognition and metacognition have emerged as cornerstones of research and treatment of schizophrenia. Both constructs are known to influence the onset of psychosis, to predict functional outcome and to be associated with symptoms. However, whether the deficits in first-episode psychosis are homogeneous or group in patterns remains to be studied. This study aimed to analyze patterns of social cognitive and metacognitive variables in a sample of subjects with first-episode psychosis. Methods We recruited 192 subjects with first-episode psychosis from ten public mental-health services in Spain. We collected: demographic information, measures of functioning, performance in social cognition (the Faces Test, IPSAQ and the Hinting Task), a battery of metacognitive tasks (BCIS, and the Beads Task) and a neuropsychological assessment. We performed a Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) with the metacognitive and social-cognitive variables. The variable importance was assessed via a classification tree (CART) and the mean differences among the resulting groups for clinical, neuropsychological and functioning variables were calculated with ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results Our sample was comprised of 192 (62 women) with first-episode psychosis. The mean age of the sample was 27.93(1.39). The mean PANSS total score of the sample was 58.48 (17.79). The average GAF score was 58.93 (12.25). We included 174 cases with complete social-cognitive and metacognitive data in the cluster analysis. We identified three type-VEE clusters (i.e. ellipsoidal clusters with equal shape and orientation) according to BIC (BIC=-3600.651). The 85-15 condition of the Beads Task and the Hinting Task emerged as the most important variables in determining the clustering structure. The first cluster (60.9%) was characterized by average scores in most of the metacognitive and social cognitive variables, but the presence of the jumping to conclusions bias. The second cluster (5.7%) was characterized by low self-reflectiveness, presence of personalizing bias and an excessive number of trials in the beads task. The third cluster (33.5%) was characterized by average scores in all metacognitive tasks but low scores in the social cognitive tasks. Discussion We found three clusters in a large sample of subjects with first-episode psychosis. Our results indicate that the three groups differ in the proneness to present deficits in specific domains. Furthermore, in our sample, patients may not exhibit a homogeneous deficit in all social-cognitive and metacognitive variables. Instead, the impairment may be particularly prominent in either social-cognitive or metacognitive variables. Subjects in different clusters may present differences in their clinical characteristics, what could be relevant in the treatment. Therefore, with further research, a thorough assessment of social cognition and metacognition may help personalize the treatment according to the person’s subtype of the deficit.

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SPIȚĂ, Mirela. « The Role of Attention, Memory and Cognition in the Decision-Making Process of Adolescent Students ». Anuarul Universitatii Petre Andrei din Iasi - Fascicula : Asistenta Sociala, Sociologie, Psihologie 25 (2020) : 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/upasw/25/43.

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The adolescent goes through a period of psychological, psychophysical and cognitive transformations that allow him to become consciously involved in the decision-making process. This article aims to review three constructs in these categories (attention, memory and cognition) and to analyze how they are involved in decision-making. The study offers openness to research in order to achieve the profile of the decision-making student, which includes psychological, psychophysical and cognitive constructs.

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Gillespie, Alex, Catherine Best et Brian O'Neill. « Cognitive Function and Assistive Technology for Cognition : A Systematic Review ». Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 18, n^o 1 (12 décembre 2011) : 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617711001548.

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AbstractThe relationship between assistive technology for cognition (ATC) and cognitive function was examined using a systematic review. A literature search identified 89 publications reporting 91 studies of an ATC intervention in a clinical population. The WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used to categorize the cognitive domains being assisted and the tasks being performed. Results show that ATC have been used to effectively support cognitive functions relating to attention, calculation, emotion, experience of self, higher level cognitive functions (planning and time management) and memory. The review makes three contributions: (1) It reviews existing ATC in terms of cognitive function, thus providing a framework for ATC prescription on the basis of a profile of cognitive deficits, (2) it introduces a new classification of ATC based on cognitive function, and (3) it identifies areas for future ATC research and development. (JINS, 2012,18, 1–19)

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Braun, Claude M. J., et Robert Lalonde. « Les déclins des fonctions cognitives chez la personne âgée : Une perspective neuropsychologique ». Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 9, n^o 2 (1990) : 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s071498080001312x.

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RÉSUMÉIl y a présentement une controverse scientifique sur l'existence de profile de déclins cognitifs à la sénescence qui soient indépendents de facteurs sociaux, de santé, de génération et d'artéfacts psychométriques. Ce texte est une recension critique de la littérature pertinente. Il débouche sur la conclusion que la neurologie et la neuropsychologie offrent une perspective suggérant fortement qu'il existe de tels profils de déclin. De plus, il est montré que le modèle présentement dominant en neuropsychologie de la sénescence postule l'existence de profils de déclin dans les sphères des fonctions exécutives et mnémoniques et que ces profils résultent directement d'atteintes aux systèmes frontaux et temporaux du télencéphale.

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Cuoco, Sofia, Marina Picillo, Immacolata Carotenuto, Roberto Erro, Eleonora Catricalà, Stefano Cappa, Maria Teresa Pellecchia et Paolo Barone. « The language profile in multiple system atrophy : an exploratory study ». Journal of Neural Transmission 128, n^o 8 (3 juillet 2021) : 1195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-021-02372-6.

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Abstract Background The evidence about the language performance profile of multiple system atrophy (MSA) is limited, but its definition may lead to a more comprehensive characterization of the disorder and contribute to clarify the involvement of the basal ganglia in language abilities. Objective The objectives of the study were: (1) to evaluate the reliability of the Screening for Aphasia in NeuroDegeneration (SAND) in MSA patients; (2) compare the linguistic profiles among MSA and Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and healthy controls (HC), and (3) assess relationships between language impairment and cognitive status and MSA motor subtypes. Methods and results Forty patients with a diagnosis of MSA, 22 HC and 17 patients with PD were enrolled in the present study. By excluding the writing task that showed a poor acceptability, we showed that the MSA-tailored SAND Global Score is an acceptable, consistent and reliable tool to screen language disturbances in MSA. MSA patients performed worse than HC, but not than PD, in MSA-tailored SAND Global Score, repetition, reading and semantic association tasks. We did not find significant differences between MSA phenotypes. MSA patients with mild cognitive impairment-multiple domain presented worse language performances as compared to MSA patients with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment-single domain. Conclusion The MSA-tailored SAND Global Score is a consistent and reliable tool to screen language disturbances in MSA. Language disturbances characterize MSA patients irrespective of disease phenotype, and parallel the decline of global cognitive functions.

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Gruber-Baldini, Ann, Haesung Kim, Jay Unick et Lisa Shulman. « Impact of Cognitive Functioning and Age on Patient-Reported Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease ». Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 décembre 2020) : 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.510.

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Abstract Cognitive impairment is prevalent in Parkinson Disease (PD) and increasing age is a PD risk factor. Age and cognition may impact patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) level, reliability, or validity of responses. This study investigated the relative impact of cognitive function and age on PROMs in PD. Cross-sectional data (n=676) included assessments of age, cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MoCA) and PROMIS-29 Profile (physical functioning, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, social functioning, pain). Analyses examined differences by age and MoCA in: 1)Level—correlations, multivariable regressions controlling for disease severity (UPDRSmotor, PD duration), comorbidity (CIRS-G), demographics; 2)Reliability--Cronbach’s alpha, and 3)Validity--correlations of PROMIS physical function with physician assessments. Sample was age M=68.0(SD=9.1); range=36-93 years, 64% male, 87% white, 37% college educated, PD duration M=8.2(SD=6.1) years, and MoCA M=24.3(SD=4.9; range 2-30). Greater cognitive impairment was consistently associated with greater physical/mental impairment (r=.14-.45; p<.05), except for sleep disturbance (r=-.07, p=.08) Multivariable regressions found cognition remained a significant predictor of physical functioning, anxiety, and depression older age predicted anxiety and social functioning. Comorbidity was the greatest predictor across all the PROMs (r=.22-.45). Reliability for PROMIS measures was excellent (alpha>.8) across cognitive and age groups, except for Fatigue at MoCA.36) across cognition and age groups. Cognitive impairment in PD is associated with lower physical function and mental health levels. Reliability and validity of most PROMs in PD are neither impacted by cognition nor age.

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Ziermans, Tim, Sophie van Rijn, Hilde Geurts et Lieuwe De Haan. « S53. DELINEATING SOCIAL COGNITION IN AUTISM AND PSYCHOSIS ». Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (avril 2020) : S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.119.

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Abstract Background Impaired social cognition represents a common feature in both the autism and psychosis spectrum, but direct comparisons are sparse and assessments typically restricted to a few tasks with limited ecological validity. The first aim of the present study was to compare the social cognitive profile of young individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or a first episode psychosis (FEP) with a group of typical comparisons (TC) on a comprehensive social cognition test battery. The second aim was to explore the relative contribution of autistic and psychotic traits to social cognitive performance across groups. Methods In total 90 young individuals (M = 21.9 y, SD = 3.1 y, range = 16–30 y, 67% male) were recruited. Groups (31 FEP, 21 ASD, 38 TC) were matched for age and sex. Social cognition assessment included measures for static and dynamic emotion recognition & social inference / Theory of Mind, social attention (eye-tacking), empathy and alexithymia. Autistic and psychotic traits were assessed with self-report questionnaires (AQ-28 & SPQ-br). Results Data collection is completed at the time of abstract submission and analyses are expected to be finalized in February 2020. Discussion Pending the outcome of our analyses, we expect our results will provide a more complete and detailed picture of shared and unique aspects in the social cognitive profile of autism and psychosis. In general we hypothesize that both ASD and FEP, on a group-level, will significantly underperform compared to TC, but that the respective trait dimensions will each explain a unique amount of variance in social cognitive performance.

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