Thèses : « Profilo cognitivo »

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Alles, Benjamin. « Profils de comportement alimentaire et déclin cognitif chez les personnes âgées en Aquitaine et au Québec ». Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22054/document.

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Les profils de comportement alimentaire ou de consommation de nutriments sont des stratégies prometteuses pour étudier le lien entre nutrition et fonctions cognitives chez les personnes âgées, car ils permettent de prendre en compte la complexité des apports alimentaires. Des profils dits « sains », définis a priori pour évaluer l’adhérence à une alimentation spécifique, ou construits a posteriori à partir des données observées, ont été associés à de meilleures fonctions cognitives. Jusqu’à présent, aucune étude n’avait estimé l’association longitudinale entre profils a posteriori et déclin cognitif. L’objectif principal de cette thèse en cotutelle entre l’Université Bordeaux Segalen et l’Université Laval était d’investiguer l’association entre des profils de nutriments a posteriori et le déclin cognitif par une analyse longitudinale dans deux cohortes de personnes âgées en France et au Canada. Parmi les participants français de l’étude Trois-Cités (3C) et ceux de l’étude longitudinale québécoise NuAge, respectivement 1388 et 1454 sujets avaient des mesures répétées de cognition et des données nutritionnelles à l’inclusion. Une méthode similaire d’analyse en composantes principales a été utilisée, permettant d’identifier trois profils de nutriments dans chaque cohorte. La qualité de l’alimentation et les caractéristiques du mode de vie et socioéconomiques associées à chaque profil de nutriments ont été décrites dans une première étude. Ensuite, des analyses longitudinales ont été menées pour estimer l’association entre la fonction cognitive, son déclin et les profils de nutriments identifiés. Dans les deux cohortes, un premier profil a été observé associé à une meilleure qualité nutritionnelle en opposition à un second profil de moins bonne qualité nutritionnelle. Dans l’étude 3C, le profil « sain » était associé à de meilleures fonctions cognitives à l’inclusion alors que le profil « occidental » était associé à de moins bonnes fonctions cognitives. Aucune association entre profils de nutriments et déclin cognitif dans le temps n’a été observée dans les deux cohortes. Le niveau de preuve concernant des profils de consommation d’aliments ou de nutriments chez l’aîné n’est pas suffisant pour le développement de politiques publiques nutritionnelles de prévention du déclin cognitif
Dietary or nutrient patterns may be promising strategies to investigate the association between nutrition and cognitive function in older persons, because they capture the complexity of food intake. Both a priori defined, measuring adherence to specific diets, and a posteriori data driven dietary patterns have been reported to be associated with better cognitive function in older persons. To date, no study has investigated the link between a posteriori derived nutrient patterns and cognitive decline. The main objective of this thesis, co-directed between University Bordeaux Segalen and University Laval, was to assess the relationship of nutrient patterns with cognitive impairment and decline in two cohorts of older persons from France and Canada in a longitudinal analysis. Among the subjects from the Three-City (3C, France) study and Quebec Longitudinal Study NuAge (Quebec, Canada), respectively 1,388 and 1,454 had nutritional data at baseline and repeated measures of global cognitive function over 5 years. A similar principal component analysis was used in the two samples to derive nutrient patterns and allow the identification of three nutrient patterns in each study. The diet quality, lifestyle and socio-economic characteristics associated with each nutrient pattern were described in a first study. Then, longitudinal analyses were performed in both cohorts to estimate the association between nutrient patterns and cognitive function or decline. In both cohorts, we observed an opposition in diet quality between the first two nutrient patterns. In 3C, the healthy nutrient pattern was associated with better cognitive function at baseline, whereas the western nutrient pattern was associated with cognitive impairment at baseline. No association between any of the nutrient patterns and cognitive decline was reported in both cohorts. To date, the evidence concerning dietary or nutrient patterns and cognitive function in older persons does not yet allow the development of nutritional policies and programs to prevent cognitive decline

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Papadopoulou, Georgia. « Cognitive profile in advanced Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and the effects of hypoventilation on cognition ». Thesis, University of Hull, 2010. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3471.

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The portfolio has three parts.Part One is a systematic literature review concerning the nature and severity of the psychological distress experienced by carers (primarily parents) of people with Muscular Dystrophy. Quantitative and qualitative studies investigating distress in these carers have been reviewed and critically evaluated to draw conclusions and implications for clinical practice. Part Two is an empirical paper aimed at creating a cognitive profile for people suffering from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in the advanced stages of the illness. The focus of this cross-sectional study is placed on the investigation of whether hypoventilation, inevitably seen to develop in this population, is related to permanent cognitive deficits in memory and/or executive functioning. The participants who have been identified to suffer from hypoventilation (N=17) are compared on measures of memory and executive functioning to a group of DMD participants of similar age (N=16) who have not yet developed hypoventilation. Other measures are also taken in the form of questionnaires to compare the groups on, including demographics, mood (depression and anxiety), health-related quality of life, sleepiness, and beliefs about sleep. Part Three comprises the Appendices.

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Smith, Faye Rebecca Helen. « The early cognitive profile and the interactions between health and cognition in children with Down syndrome ». Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7577/.

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This thesis aimed to examine the development of cognitive, linguistic and adaptive skills in children with Down syndrome, with a particular emphasis on the interactions between health and these outcomes. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 describe a longitudinal study in which the cognitive, adaptive and linguistic skills of four- to five-year-old children with Down syndrome were traced over 15 months. Parental interviews about health enabled examination of the links between health and cognitive outcomes. Chapter 6 reports a vocabulary training study, which aimed to look at the relationship between sleep and vocabulary consolidation; a more specific health-cognition link. Chapters 3 and 4 showed that the cognitive, linguistic and adaptive profile associated with older children and adults with Down syndrome had fully emerged by the age of four, although there was a large degree of variability in the expression of the profile at the individual level. The relationships between different cognitive domains in the children with Down syndrome were largely similar to those in the typically developing group, suggesting that development is delayed rather than disordered. The only exception was the relationship between grammar and vocabulary which was atypical in the children with Down syndrome. Chapter 4 showed that parent-report measures of language can be reliably used as predictors of later objectively measured linguistic skill. In a more detailed investigation of vocabulary skills, Chapter 6 found that children with Down syndrome were able to consolidate new vocabulary over time, achieving similar levels of performance to language matched typically developing controls. To address questions about the links between health and cognition, Chapter 5 found that childhood hearing difficulties and congenital heart defects were associated with poorer language outcomes between the ages of four- and six-years-old in children with Down syndrome. However, there were no reliable relationships between cognition and either sleep or hospitalisation measures. Furthermore, Chapter 6 failed to find a relationship between sleep and vocabulary consolidation. Implications, both for practitioners and for theoretical models of developmental disability, are discussed.

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Butler, Lucy. « Social cognition and HIV : exploring the profile of cognitive impairments in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) ». Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5407/.

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The success of combined antiretroviral therapy has transformed Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from an acute and life-limiting condition to an enduring but treatable illness, marked by fluctuations in HIV-related health consequences and co-morbidities. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are one such possible consequence and are of particular concern in light of their sustained high prevalence in people with otherwise well-managed HIV infection. Given the neuropsychological profile of HAND (affecting frontostriatal brain regions and associated executive functions), it has been suggested that HAND may have implications for social cognition; that is to say, the cognitive capacities that facilitate social interaction. Thus, the current study aimed to explore social cognitive performance in the neuropsychological profile of HAND. A diverse HIV-positive cohort (N=16), recruited across two outpatient services, were administered the Social Stories Questionnaire (Lawson, Baron-Cohen, & Wheelwright, 2004), Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, & Plumb, 2001), and the Questionnaire of Cognitive & Affective Empathy (Reniers et al., 2011), alongside a standard neuropsychological battery. Using IMB SPSS v22, an exploratory group-level bivariate correlational analysis compared group scores against published normative data, and further Individual Profile Analyses explored cognitive differences within rather than across individuals to investigate trends not apparent at group-level. The sample demonstrated reliable performance weaknesses on both tests of social cognition (RMET and SSQ), independent of executive function and in the absence of global of specific impairments. Individual Profile Analyses revealed that these impairments were unrelated to stage of infection and occurred alongside (not before) cognitive decline in other core domains. Recommendations for further research are offered, drawing upon a critical review of the methodology employed. Clinical implications include; suggestions for increasing professional curiosity and empathy; psychoeducation; and the role of clinical neuropsychology in contributing to the development of the wider understanding of the potential emotional and behavioural sequelae of HAND.

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Konishi, Kyoto. « The cognitive profile of elderly Korsakoff's syndrome patients / ». Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116028.

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Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is characterized by the acute onset of a severe anterograde memory impairment and a less pronounced retrograde amnesia. In addition to deficits in memory, executive function, visuo-spatial abilities, and visuo-perception are impaired. The main structures involved in the neuropathology of KS are the mammillary bodies and the thalamus. It is generally assumed that KS is a stable amnesic condition, and little research has been done in studying the effects of aging on the syndrome.
A group of elderly KS patients were evaluated on a large battery of neuropsychological tests to examine general cognitive function, memory, attention, visuo-spatial ability, and executive function. Their performance was compared to age-matched Alzheimer's disease patients and healthy controls. Results showed that there is an interaction between age and KS, with exaggerated deficits seen in memory and executive function, as well as new deficits in semantic memory.
To better understand KS, the thesis provides a review focusing on human, English language studies published between the years 1995 and 2008. Updates on the current findings of treatment and prevention, genetics and prevalence, neuropathology, and neuropsychology including memory and frontal function are provided. In addition, comparison studies of KS to other neurological disorders are summarized.

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王得寶 et Tak-po Mike Wong. « Memory profile of people with mild cognitive impairment ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41547834.

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Twyford, Helen Elizabeth. « A cognitive-developmental profile of cardinality in preschoolers ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393949.

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Wong, Tak-po Mike. « Memory profile of people with mild cognitive impairment ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41547834.

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Chan, Ka-po, et 陳嘉寶. « Cognitive profiles and subtypes of epilepsy ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894537.

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Chan, Ka-po. « Cognitive profiles and subtypes of epilepsy ». Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2250560x.

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Vianna, Paulo Debora Lee 1985. « Perfil cognitivo de idosos com diabetes do estudo FIBRA pólo UNICAMP = Cognitive profile of older adults with diabetes study of FIBRA póle UNICAMP ». [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312944.

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Orientador: Mônica Sanches Yassuda
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: O envelhecimento normal pode gerar declínio cognitivo significativo na memória, atenção e nas funções executivas. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma desordem metabólica de múltiplas etiologias. Pesquisas sugerem que há conexão entre o DM e comprometimento cognitivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil cognitivo de idosos com DM auto-referido, avaliados por meio do Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), comparados com idosos sem diabetes ou outras doenças, que eram participantes do estudo FIBRA Pólo UNICAMP, de base populacional realizado em sete localidades brasileiras. 741 participantes sem déficit cognitivo e sem hipertensão foram divididos em dois grupos: 1) idosos que relataram ser diabéticos (n=78) e 2) idosos que relataram não ter DM (n=663). Dentre os 78 idosos que relataram ser diabéticos, 67 relataram fazer tratamento farmacológico para DM e 11 relataram não fazer tratamento para DM. Os 741 participantes foram divididos ainda em faixas de escolaridade (0 anos, 1 a 4 anos e 5 ou mais anos de escolaridade) para análises de regressão. Os resultados das análises comparativas para a amostra total mostraram que os idosos com DM apresentaram pior desempenho na pontuação total do MEEM e no subdomínio Linguagem. Entre os idosos que possuíam entre 1 a 4 anos de escolaridade, os que tinham DM apresentaram pior escore nos subdomínios Linguagem e Atenção no MEEM. Não houve diferença significativa entre os idosos que fazem ou não fazem tratamento para DM. Na análise de regressão multivariada, no grupo com 1 a 4 anos de escolaridade, houve associação significativa entre ter DM e pior desempenho no subdomínio Linguagem. Idosos com DM apresentaram pior desempenho cognitivo no MEEM, em especial no subdomínio Linguagem
Abstract: Normal aging can cause significant cognitive decline in memory, attention and executive functions. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies. Research suggests there is a link between diabetes and cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to describe the cognitive profile of seniors with self-reported DM, assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), compared with older adults without diabetes or other diseases, who were participants in the UNICAMP FIBRA study, a population-based survey conducted in seven Brazilian localities. 741 participants without cognitive impairment and without hypertension were divided into two groups: 1) seniors who reported being diabetic (n = 78) and 2) those who reported not having DM (n = 663). Among the 78 seniors who reported being diabetic, 67 reported using pharmacological treatment for DM and 11 reported not using treatment for DM. The 741 participants were further divided into bands of education (0 years, 1-4 years and 5 or more years of schooling) for the regression analyses. The results of the comparative analyses showed that seniors with DM had worse scores on the MMSE total score and in the Language sub-domain. Among participants who had between 1-4 years of schooling, those with DM had worse scores in the Language and Attention subdomains of the MMSE. There was no significant difference between senior with DM who do or do not use treatment for DM. In multivariate regression analyses, among those with 1-4 years of education, having DM was associated with worse scores in the MMSE Language sub-domain. Seniors with DM had worse cognitive performance in MMSE, especially in the Language sub-domain
Mestrado
Gerontologia
Mestra em Gerontologia

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Duarte, Cintia Perez. « Caracterização do perfil cognitivo e avaliação da memória de trabalho na síndrome de Down ». Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2009. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1729.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Working memory is assumed to be a limited capacity responsible for maintaining and manipulating information for a short period of time, that are underpins the capacity for complex thought and learning. People with Down Syndrome have a deficit in their working memory and in general, they can t maintain information for a short period of time and this can result in learning difficulties, language development and complexes thoughts. The aim of Study 1 was to characterize cognitive profile of people with Down Syndrome, they were aged between 6 and 45 years old (M=16,64, SD=9,955), using WISC-III, WAIS-III, TVIP, Token-Comp and FAS-Animals and Fruits tests. The results appointed a cognitive performance under the average, however with significantly differences between verbal IQ and execution IQ which showed a better performance. There was a trend observed in their development and enlargement of their receptive vocabulary related to their ages, nevertheless the same doesn t happen with verbal fluency. The words follow by semantic processing were more recovered than those through the phonological processing. Most of them can organize concepts and semantics categories, however they don t have control of phonologic and structural aspects of the words. They also have difficulties to maintain and manipulate verbal information. The Study 2 compare performance of people with Down Syndrome, they were aged between 6 and 16 years old (M=10,36, SD=3,451) and the control group defined according to WISC-III test scores, using tests that evaluated receptive vocabulary, verbal and visual-spatial short term memory. This comparison was made through the TVIP, Digit Span direct and reverse order, Corsi direct and reverse order and some working memory tests created for this study. The results appointed no significant difference between the majority of the tests averages, excluding Digit Span direct order, considering that the group without syndrome had a higher performance compared to Syndrome group. Considering the direct and reverse orders in Digi Span and Corsi, intra-groups performances was compared which demonstrated significantly differences of the both groups. In general, results of both studies confirm the literature, that describe the heterogeneity of the Down Syndrome cognitive profile and appoint to evidences of strong non verbal abilities, often less impaired than linguistics abilities.
A memória de trabalho é caracterizada por ser um sistema de capacidade limitada responsável por manter e manipular informações por um curto período de tempo, que são subjacentes à capacidade de pensamento complexo e aprendizado. Pessoas com síndrome de Down apresentam prejuízos referentes à memória de trabalho e, em geral, não conseguem manter informações em um curto período de tempo, o que pode levar a dificuldades no aprendizado, desenvolvimento de linguagem e pensamentos complexos. O Estudo 1 teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil cognitivo de pessoas com síndrome de Down, com idades entre 6 e 45 nos (M=16,64, DP=9,9555), por meio dos testes WISC-III, WAIS-III, TVIP, Token-Comp e FAS-Animais e Frutas. Resultados indicaram funcionamento cognitivo abaixo da média, porém com diferença significativa entre QI verbal e QI execução, com melhor desempenho referente ao QI de execução. Notou-se uma tendência no desenvolvimento e ampliação de vocabulário receptivo com avanço da idade, mas o mesmo não ocorre com a fluência verbal. As palavras acompanhadas de processamento semântico foram mais evocadas do que o fonológico, ou seja, a maioria possui organização de conceitos e classes semânticas, mas não têm domínio dos aspectos fonológicos e estruturais das palavras. Também apresentaram dificuldade para manter e manipular informações verbais. O Estudo 2 comparou o desempenho de pessoas com síndrome de Down, com idades entre 6 e 16 anos (M=10,36, DP=3,451) e controles pareados pela pontuação bruta do WISC-III, em provas que avaliaram vocabulário receptivo e memória de curto prazo verbal e visuo-espacial por meio dos testes TVIP, Dígitos ordem direta e inversa, Corsi ordem direta e inversa, e provas de memória de trabalho desenvolvidas para este estudo. Resultados indicaram que não houve diferença significativa entre as médias para a maioria das provas, com exceção de Dígitos ordem direta, sendo que o desempenho do grupo sem a síndrome foi superior ao grupo com a síndrome. Comparações do desempenho intra grupos, considerando-se a ordem direta e inversa das provas Dígitos e Corsi, indicaram diferenças significativas para ambos os grupos. Em geral, os dados dos dois estudos corroboram com a literatura, que descreve a heterogeneidade do perfil cognitivo de pessoas com síndrome de Down e apontam para evidências quanto a força de habilidades não verbais, geralmente menos afetadas do que habilidades lingüísticas.

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Roberts, Judith Lynne. « A comprehensive profile of awareness in mild cognitive impairment ». Thesis, Bangor University, 2011. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-comprehensive-profile-of-awareness-in-mild-cognitive-impairment(cc7449bd-3795-4517-baad-25738ce374c5).html.

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Petropoulou, Hélène. « Profil émotionnel et cognitif au début de la sclérose en plaques : effets différentiels des émotions sur les performances cognitives ». Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180452.

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La présente étude explore le fonctionnement émotionnel et cognitif, ainsi que les interrelations émotion-cognition, chez 40 patients atteints de sclérose en plaques (SEP) depuis ≤ 5 ans. Les émotions sont envisagées sous l'angle des caractéristiques émotionnelles individuelles, des états émotionnels et en tant que composantes des tâches cognitives. Elles sont évaluées à partir des adaptations françaises d'outils validés. Les sujets SEP sont comparés à une population témoin appariée. Les résultats mettent en évidence des altérations émotionnelles et cognitives précoces dans la SEP et soulignent la nécessité d'une prise en charge spécialisée et multidisciplinaire. L'étude indique, également, que les émotions influencent différemment les performances cognitives, en fonction des caractéristiques émotionnelles étudiées et de la nature de la tâche. Le présent dispositif peut s'avérer utile pour explorer les interrelations émotion-cognition dans le cadre d'autres maladies neurologiques.

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Etchepare, Aurore. « Cognition sociale et Schizophrénie : une approche centrée sur la personne à l’aide du Protocole d’Evaluation de la Cognition Sociale de Bordeaux (PECS-B) ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0922/document.

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La cognition sociale a récemment connu un intérêt croissant en neuropsychologique clinique. Cet engouement s’explique notamment par le caractère transdiagnostique mais aussi invalidant des troubles. Cependant, ce construit se heurte encore à de nombreux écueils, tant conceptuels que méthodologiques. Ainsi, dans la schizophrénie, les données de la littérature internationale divergent. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que ces contradictions peuvent être sous-tendues par : 1) le manque de considération pour le caractère multidimensionnel de la cognition sociale, et 2) l’hétérogénéité interindividuelle du fonctionnement. L’objectif général de ce travail de thèse était de réaliser une étude comparée des profils de fonctionnement en cognition sociale dans la population générale et dans la schizophrénie. Pour ce faire, une première étape a été consacrée à une revue systématique des études sur la structure factorielle de la cognition sociale en neuropsychologie clinique (Article 1). Cette revue a permis de proposer un modèle bidimensionnel de la cognition sociale, où les processus de bas et de haut niveau croisent les processus affectifs et cognitifs. Une deuxième étape a consisté à fournir des éléments de validation supplémentaires au PECS-B, une batterie d’évaluation de la cognition sociale composée de sept tâches évaluant cinq dimensions (Article 2). Les résultats ont révélé des qualités psychométriques satisfaisantes en population générale (N = 131) comme dans la schizophrénie (N = 101). Enfin, la troisième étape a consisté à réaliser des analyses en clusters pour explorer l’hétérogénéité interindividuelle dans ces mêmes populations (Article 3). Trois profils différents dans l’échantillon population générale ont été mis en évidence, dont deux caractérisés par des faiblesses spécifiques. En revanche, les trois profils obtenus dans l’échantillon schizophrénie étaient caractérisés par trois niveaux de fonctionnement en cognition sociale : capacités efficientes (similaires aux témoins), moyennes et faibles. Ces deux derniers niveaux étaient également caractérisés par des difficultés d’ordre alexithymique ou neurocognitive. Dans une perspective de pratique basée sur la preuve, ces résultats ont des implications importantes tant pour l’évaluation de la cognition sociale que pour l’orientation des interventions thérapeutiques
Social cognition has received a growing interest in clinical neuropsychology. This popularity can be explained by the transdiagnostic and negative outcome of social cognition disorders. However, this construct faces many difficulties, conceptual as well as methodological. Thus, concerning schizophrenia, data from the international literature is inconsistent. We hypothesize that these contradictions may be underpinned by: 1) a lack of consideration for the multidimensionality of social cognition, and 2) interindividual heterogeneity of functioning. The overall goal of this thesis was to explore and compare the social cognition functioning profiles in the general population with those for schizophrenia. To do this, a first step was devoted to a systematic review of studies that explored the factor structure of social cognition in clinical neuropsychology (Article 1). This review allowed the proposition of a two-dimensional model of social cognition, in which low and high-level processes cross affective and cognitive ones. A second step was to provide additional validation elements to the PECS-B, a social cognition assessment battery with seven tasks assessing five dimensions (Article 2). The results reported satisfactory psychometric qualities in the general population (N = 131) as well as in schizophrenia (N = 101). Finally, the third step was to carry out cluster analyses to explore interindividual heterogeneity in these same populations (Article 3). Three different profiles in the general population sample were highlighted, of which two were characterized by specific weaknesses. In contrast, the three profiles in the schizophrenia sample were characterized by three levels of social cognition functioning: good (similar to controls), medium and low. The last two levels were also characterized by alexithymic or neurocognitive difficulties. From an evidence-based practice perspective, these findings have important implications for both the assessment and the direction of therapeutic interventions

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Lane, Chloe. « The cognitive profile and autistic characteristics associated with Sotos syndrome ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19203/.

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The purpose of this thesis was to advance understanding of the cognitive and behavioural profiles associated with Sotos syndrome. Specifically, the aim of this thesis was to establish the cognitive profile and whether autistic features are associated with Sotos syndrome. Initially, a systematic review of all published literature providing data on cognition and behaviour in Sotos syndrome was conducted. In general, research investigating cognition and behaviour in Sotos syndrome has been sporadic and much of the existing literature is based on small samples. The findings from the systematic review were used to inform the design of the research presented in the subsequent chapters. The studies reported within this thesis have used the largest samples to date to investigate cognition and behaviour in individuals with Sotos syndrome. Specifically, the findings demonstrate that Sotos syndrome is associated with a high prevalence of autistic features, as well as a clear and consistent cognitive profile. In particular, the Sotos syndrome cognitive profile is characterised by relative strength in verbal ability and visuospatial memory and relative weakness in non-verbal reasoning ability and quantitative reasoning. Furthermore, greater severity of autistic features is associated with lower intellectual ability for individuals with Sotos syndrome. Communicative difficulties are common in both adults and children with Sotos syndrome and individuals display difficulty with both structural and pragmatic aspects of language. Overall, the findings reported within this thesis advance understanding of the cognitive and behavioural phenotype of Sotos syndrome and have important implications for considering the syndrome-specific needs of these individuals.

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Deutsch, Ruth Marion. « Reliability, validity and educational use of the Cognitive Abilities Profile ». Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/21479/.

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The Cognitive Abilities Profile (CAP) (Deutsch and Mohammed, 2010) is a collaborative tool for psychologists and teachers. The CAP is based on principles of Dynamic Assessment (DA) and uses a consultative model for rating pupils' cognitive abilities in various cognitive domains and for planning interventions to facilitate pupils' progress accordingly. The CAP was developed in response to a perceived need for educational psychologists (EPs) to have access to alternative assessments to standardised psychological tests, particularly in the case of learning disadvantaged and ethnic minority pupils. Using DA as one possible approach creates a need for EPs to have access to training and to receive support with the implementation of DA-based intervention methods within local services. However, surveys of EP use of DA indicate limitations in training, inadequate support and difficulties in wider application of DA. In the present work, a quantitative methodology has been used to examine the validity and reliability of the CAP in overcoming the above-noted difficulties in the implementation of DA by EPs. The methodology involved the collection and analysis of data from three groups of EPs, two of which conducted consultations with teachers using the CAP and the third group of EPs used its own choice of consultation methodology and functioned as a control group. The findings of the present work provide evidence of good construct validity of the CAP cognitive domains, adequate inter-rater reliability between CAP users and evidence of advantage for pupils in some areas of functioning between pre- and post-use of the CAP, as validated by independent standardised tests. Analysis of perceptions of EPs of the utility of the CAP, based on the results of feedback questionnaires, addresses issues of user friendliness of the CAP. CAP users agreed on the need for initial training for psychologists and support for practitioners. The findings have implications for adoption of a novel approach in EP and teacher related work.

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Bernard, Marie-Anna. « Étude internationale du développement cognitif et socio-émotionnel d'enfants atteints d'autisme à l'aide de la BECS ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB203.

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L'autisme est un trouble neurodéveloppemental universel, qui concerne tous les âges de la vie, niveaux de développement et pays. L'hétérogénéité des profils de développement de ces enfants classiquement étudiée concerne souvent soit les enfants sans déficience intellectuelle soit des fonctions cognitives et sociales précises. Notre objectif de recherche est de déterminer le profil développemental des enfants atteints d'autisme présentant un retard de développement important et issus de plusieurs pays. Nous faisons l'hypothèse que ces enfants présentent un profil plus hétérogène comparativement à des enfants typiques d'âge de développement similaire et quel que soit leur pays d'origine. Nous avons donc analysé les résultats d'évaluations développementales effectuées avec la BECS de 301 enfants avec autisme et de 121 enfants typiques issus de sept pays de trois continents (Algérie, Belgique, Brésil, Canada, France, Grèce et Espagne). Les résultats confirment la présence d'un développement plus hétérogène chez les enfants atteints d'autisme que chez les enfants typiques. L'existence de corrélations entre l'hétérogénéité des profils et des facteurs d'âge, de niveau de développement et de sévérité des symptômes est également mise en évidence. L'élaboration d'outils d'évaluation comme la BECS permet de mieux comprendre le développement des enfants avec trouble du spectre de l'autisme et déficience intellectuelle
Autism is an universal neurodevelopmental disorder, that concerns all ages, levels of development and countries. The heterogeneity of developmental profiles of these children often studied classically concerns either children without intellectual disabilitiy or specific cognitive and social functions. Our research goal is to determine the developmental profile of children with autism with a significant developmental delay and from several countries. We assume that these children have a more heterogeneous profile compared to typical children of similar age of development regardless of their country of origin. Therefore we analyzed the results of developmental assessments conducted with BECS of 301 children with autism and 121 typical children from seven countries of three continents (Algeria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, Greece and Spain). The results confirm the presence of a more heterogeneous development in children with autism than in typical children. The existence of correlations between the heterogeneous profiles and age, level of development and severity of symptoms is also highlighted. The development of evaluation tools like BECS allow better understanding of the development of children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability

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Bralet, Marie-Cécile. « La schizophrénie kraepelinienne, une forme sévère de schizophrénie : validation, identification et caractérisation du profil cognitif ». Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066122.

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L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de déterminer si la schizophrénie kraepelinienne, entité validée uniquement aux Etats-Unis est une réalité clinique, et non pas une simple forme se situant à l’extrémité d’un continuum de sévérité. L’objectif secondaire est de rechercher de nouveaux facteurs de mauvais pronostic e��tayant la validité de cette entité. Nos résultats confirment d’une part la validité du sous-type kraepelinien chez des patients schizophrènes français et d’autre part trouvent une association entre schizophrénie kraepelinienne et : le syndrome polyuro-polydipsique avec hyponatrémie ; des déficits cognitifs spécifiques : mémoire de travail, attention et vitesse de traitement de l’information et fonctions exécutives ; théorie de l’esprit et perception des émotions. L’ensemble de nos résultats indique que la schizophrénie kraepelinienne constitue une entité clinique réelle distincte alliant probablement des mécanismes neurodéveloppementaux et neurodégénératifs

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Wood, Nicholas. « Cognitive and linguistic profiles of hearing impaired children ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020383/.

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Scott, Neil Cameron. « The demographic profile of cognitive tests used in Civil Service selection ». Thesis, City University London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441427.

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Malgas, Nancy. « A cognitive profile of South African children with traumatic brain injury ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12387.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-105).
Research conducted on pediatric populations have shown that an event such as a traumatic brain injury (TBI) experienced in childhood can lead to persistent neuropsychological deficits months, even years post-injury. However, there still exists a dearth of research on pediatric TBI (pTBI), more so in developing countries like South Africa as most pediatric studies have been conducted on Western populations. This situation underlines the need for more research in the field of pTBI.

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Schneider, Catherine E. « MUSIC TRAINING AS A NEURO-COGNITIVE PROTECTOR FOR BRAIN AGING : COGNITIVE AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILES IN PROFESSIONAL MUSICIANS ». UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gerontol_etds/13.

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The proportion of older adults living with cognitive impairments is increasing rapidly. This shift will likely increase mortality rates, reduce perceived quality of life, and cause economic burden to patients and health care systems. Currently evidence of highly effective and noninvasive interventions that prevent or slow the onset of cognitive impairment are limited. This study aims to better understand what drives cognitive aging variability among musicians versus non-musicians. Music playing has been shown to improve brain and cognitive functions by engaging networks of brain areas, simultaneously involving cortical mechanisms associated with executive, high-level cognitive and motor functions, and multiple sensory systems. Literature suggests strong correlations between cognition and music ability. However, studies in the past have not concretely operationalized music training. Here we test the general hypothesis that music training improves neural mechanisms associated with core cognitive functions (e.g. working-memory and attention). A multi-source study was designed to control level of music involvement and genre by examining professional, classically trained orchestral musicians, establishing cognitive and neuropsychological profiles in an effort to better understand the potential for music training to protect older adults from cognitive decline. Specific hypotheses involved attentional inhibition theory and increased ability of musicians to perform attention and working memory tasks. Twenty-nine professional musicians were recruited who completed five neuropsychological exams. The scalp electrophysiological signals from 14 channels were recorded wirelessly while each musician performed a modified delayed match-to-sample task, imagination of music playing, and resting states. Musicians completed neuropsychological screening (MoCA) a music and life span questionnaire as well. Musicians tested above normative ranges in cognitive ability indicated through MoCA. Musicians’ scores were compared with average or normative scores of participants at similar ages in previous studies using the same measures and current musicians performed significantly faster and more accurately on four of five neuropsychological measures. Regression and ANCOVA showed strong positive correlations between theta oscillation in bilateral frontal sites (F3, F4) and both number of years of private music lessons and number of hours of music practice. Correlations between EEG recordings taken during music imagination exercise at posterior (01, 02) sites and the number of years of private music lessons participants took, the age participant started to take music lessons and the number of years they played their musical instrument were found. Current new findings reveal that professional musician’s cognitive scores and neural activity are associated with superior cognitive ability via enhancement of neural mechanisms of current target material and inhibition of distractions. Music training is apromising noninvasive method to control cognitive challenge, which merits further research to determine how it can be used as a beneficial cognitive training method for aging individuals. Future studies should examine neuro-cognitive differences between professional musicians and individuals with lower levels of music involvement to examine dose effects of music or the amount of music needed to protect aging adults from cognitive decline.

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Brunswick, Nicola. « Early cognitive neuropsychological profiles and development of reading skills ». Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59517/.

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The present thesis sought to investigate the precise relationship between the cognitive and psychophysiological profiles of developing readers, of established readers and of failed readers. Phonological processing tasks and visuospatial tasks were used to assess relevant auditory and visual cognitive skills; handedness and EEG measures were used to provide indices of cortical organisation and activation. A 21/2 year longitudinal investigation of some 150 pre-readers provided evidence of mutually facilitative relationships between and within specific types of phonological skill and phonological memory. Early significance of visual skills was subsequently superseded by the importance of these phonological skills. The acquisition of early reading skills was associated with a shift towards increased dextrality as measured by hand skill and hand preference; this relationship was not evident in subsequent stages. Cross-sectional studies comparing dyslexic children with chronological- and reading-age matched controls extended these findings. The dyslexic readers displayed impaired phonological processing and phonological memory skills relative to chronological-age matched competent readers; similarities were observed between dyslexics and reading-age matched controls. Visual perceptual skills failed to differentiate between the chronological-age matched competent and impaired readers, although both out-performed younger control readers. ERP measures consistently demonstrated diffuse patterns of bilateral activation in dyslexic readers as opposed to asymmetric activity lateralised to the left hemisphere in control readers. Between group comparisons of inter-hemispheric activity revealed greater levels of right-hemisphere involvement in the dyslexic samples; between group comparisons of intra-hemispheric activity revealed evidence of greater involvement of fronto-central regions in the dyslexic samples. It is proposed that these data provide supportive evidence for the central involvement of phonological processing skills in the development of reading, underpinned by the normal development of asymmetric patterns of cortical lateralisation. Children where this development is delayed or deficient will display the reading difficulties characteristic of developmental dyslexia.

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Kumaran, A. « Neuroimaging, cognitive and metabolic profiles in children with hypoglycaemia ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1405622/.

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Background: Glucose is a major fuel for brain function, and persistent and recurrent hypoglycaemia of any aetiology can cause brain injury. Children with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) are at a high risk of brain injury, as the inappropriate secretion of insulin during hypoglycaemia inhibits lipolysis thereby reducing the availability of ketone bodies (KB) that are an important source of alternate fuel for the brain during hypoglycaemia. In contrast children with ketotic hypoglycaemia (KH) are believed to be neurologically protected, due to the presence of abundant ketone bodies during hypoglycaemia. However, in both these groups of children, a comprehensive assessment of the neurocognitive profile with correlation to neuroimaging is not available. Aims: The aims of this thesis are 1. To understand the magnitude and rate of ketone body response during a diagnostic fast between children with KH and a ‘control’ group (children with suspected or previous history of hypoglycaemia that were subsequently normoglycaemic on the diagnostic fast). 2. To investigate and compare the neurocognitive profiles of children with HH and KH (used as a control group), and to correlate the profile of deficits in the HH group to the underlying structural abnormalities. The studies on children with KH (biochemical, neurocognitive and neuroimaging) were utilised to understand the neuroprotective role of KB during hypoglycaemia. Methods: 30 children with KH and 74 children from the ‘control’ group underwent a diagnostic fast with measurements of plasma glucose, lactate, catecholamines and serum insulin, cortisol, growth hormone, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and 3-βhydroxybutyrate (ketone body) concentrations at the beginning, middle and end of fast. The neurocognitive profile of 21 children with HH was compared to a group of 14 children with KH, using a combination of standardised tests to investigate IQ, memory, attention, academic attainment, movement, emotion and behaviour. The structural integrity of the brain was evaluated using conventional neuroradiological assessments, hippocampal volumetry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Results: Fasting studies have shown that children with KH demonstrate a significant increase (87% per hour) in the rate and magnitude of 3-βhydroxybutyrate concentrations relative to ‘controls’. Cortisol concentrations are a significant predictor of KB concentrations at the end of the fast. The performance of KH children as a group was within the normal range for the neurocognitive measures. However four children in the KH group scored in the borderline (77-79) and low average range (81-84) for full scale IQ, and memory scores in one KH child was lower than predicted by 19 points. Neuroimaging revealed small hippocampi in one child, focal white matter lesions in two children and diffuse white matter lesions in two children with KH. Children with HH underperformed significantly (relative to KH and standard population means) in the tests for intelligence (especially perceptual reasoning), memory, and sustained attention and manual dexterity. Memory impairments in children with HH did not correlate with hippocampal pathology. However, analysis of DTI studies has revealed the presence of white matter microstructural deficits that correlate with IQ and perceptual reasoning indices in these (HH) children. The genu and splenium of the corpus callosum were highlighted as specific white matter regions vulnerable to injury in the HH group. Conclusions: Children with hypoglycaemia are at risk of white matter injury. Children with HH manifest widespread cognitive deficits that are partly explained by the white matter microstructural deficits noted in the DTI studies. The increased rate and magnitude of KB response in KH group during fasting supports increased metabolic utilisation and a glucose sparing effect. However some chidren with KH in this study exhibit white matter injury and a wide variation in the neurocognitive scores is also noted, indicating the presence of neurocognitive impairment in certain children with KH.

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Fox, Helen. « Cognitive and neuropsychological profiles of recreational ecstasy polydrug users ». Thesis, University of East London, 2002. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3558/.

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The aim of the current thesis was to investigate the neurocognitive functions of regular Ecstasy polydrug use in drug-free participants, using an integrated methodological approach. Study 1 included two groups of 20 heavy Ecstasy polydrug users; one that had complained of Ecstasy-related problems, the other had described no problems. The controls comprised 20 polydrug users who had never taken Ecstasy. All participants were compared on a range of cognitive tasks. Strategic working memory impairments in both groups of Ecstasy users were found to be as a function of dosage rather than self-reported awareness of problems. In study 2, the same Ecstasy groups were administered a series of structured questions regarding their drug use behaviour and life changes both prior to and following the use of Ecstasy. In contrast to the cognitive data, usage was less related to dose, and more to poor pre-morbid adjustment. In Study 3, a group of 20 Ecstasy polydrug users were compared with 20 polydrug controls on selected tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Ecstasy users demonstrated impaired short-term memory and showed trends towards impairment on several learning paradigms, whereas most measures associated with prefrontal functioning were unimpaired. Study 4 compared 22 Ecstasy polydrug users with 22 polydrug controls on prepulse inhibition (PPI). The blink reflex component of startle was analysed by recording electromyographic (EMG) responses to auditory stimuli. No group differences in response magnitude of PPI were established in either 60 or 70 dB prepulse conditions. Study 5 compared four groups of 14 participants: Long-term Ecstasy users (10 years or more), short-term Ecstasy users (up to 5 years), polydrug controls and a drug naive group. All groups were compared on selected tasks from the CANTAB, however, due to sampling problems only the data from the two Ecstasy groups was analysed. The long-term users showed increased memory impairment and selective executive deficits compared with short-term users. In conclusion, Ecstasy polydrug use results in selective shortterm memory and executive deficits. These impinge on certain learning processes, but appear to be relatively independent of robust attentional measures. In relation to executive functioning, moderate Ecstasy polydrug users showed few impairments on measures of strategic control and no deficits on measures of inhibitory functioning. They did, however, reveal visual, verbal and spatial short-term memory deficits. Compared with moderate users, heavy Ecstasy users demonstrated increased short-term memory deficits and increased strategic impairment on planning tasks. Broad anatomical interpretations suggest that moderate Ecstasy polydrug users showed a predominantly posterior and temporal/limbic profile of impairment, with a relative sparing of executive function. However, tentative difficulties regarding reversal learning, attentional learning and verbal fluency, suggest some specific problems associated with frontal circuitry. These deficits became more apparent in heavy and or long-term users.

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Baker, Amanda R. Baker. « Epistemic Profiles, Dissonance Negotiation, and Postsecondary Service-Learning Outcomes ». The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1499792402490622.

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陳美賢 et Mee-yin Becky Chan. « Exploring the cognitive profile of Hong Kong Chinese children with mathematics difficulties ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41547524.

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Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola. « Profile, determinants and mechanisms of cerebral injury and cognitive impairment following stroke ». Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2409.

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One in three people over a life time will develop a stroke, dementia or both but little is known about stroke - related cognitive impairment despite current epidemiologic transition in sub - Saharan Africa. The CogFAST Study was established in Newcastle to unmask risk factors, pathological substrates and cellular mechanisms underlying cerebral injury and cognitive impairment following stroke. The overall aim of this thesis was to establish a comparative cohort in Nigerian African stroke survivors and explore mechanisms in post - mortem brains accrued from the Newcastle cohort. Two hundred and twenty Nigerian African stroke survivors were screened three months after index stroke out of whom 143 eligible participants underwent cognitive assessment in comparison with 74 stroke - free healthy controls. We found a high frequency (49.3%) of early vascular cognitive impairment and significant association with older age and low education. Pre-stroke daily fish intake and moderate – to - heavy physical activity were inversely associated. The frequency of vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (vCIND) in the cohort (39.9%) was relatively higher than earlier report from Newcastle (32%) but neuroimaging studies revealed significant findings of MTLA and correlative white matter changes in tandem with previous reports from the Newcastle cohort. Given these, we investigated neurodegenerative hippocampal Alzheimer pathology and synaptic changes, as well as frontal and temporal white matter abnormalities in post - mortem brain tissue from the Newcastle cohort. We found increased Alzheimer pathology in the post - stroke groups but largely this did not differ between the demented (PSD) and non - demented (PSND) sub - groups. However, we found significantly higher hippocampal expression of synaptic markers (vesicular glutamate transporter – 1 and Drebrin) but lower expression of microglial, astrocytic and axonal injury markers in PSND compared to PSD subjects. The protective effect of educational attainment, pre-stroke physical activity and fish intake have public brain health implications.

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Chan, Mee-yin Becky. « Exploring the cognitive profile of Hong Kong Chinese children with mathematics difficulties ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41547524.

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Heimgärtner, Magdalena [Verfasser], et Karen [Akademischer Betreuer] Lidzba. « Neurofibromatosis Type 1 – Cognitive Profile and the Role of Attention Deficit for Cognitive Development / Magdalena Heimgärtner ; Betreuer : Karen Lidzba ». Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/120362297X/34.

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Chaia, María Claudia Geraldine. « La resolución de problemas y la toma de decisiones : un estudio comparativo del proceso en traductores en formación ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671677.

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Esta tesis aborda el estudio del proceso de traducción: identifica, compara y describe el comportamiento de estudiantes de traducción, que transitan etapas distintas de formación, ante un problema y en la toma de decisiones durante la traducción escrita del inglés al español. Diseñamos una investigación cuasiexperimental, con fines exploratorios. Observamos el proceso a través de grabaciones de pantallas, verbalizaciones concurrentes y cuestionarios postareas; y evaluamos la la aceptabilidad del producto con fines investigativos. Llevamos adelante el análisis inductivo de los datos del proceso y un análisis deductivo de los datos del producto. Los códigos y categorías obtenidos mediante procedimientos de codificación de la Teoría Fundamentada nos permitieron elaborar, desde un enfoque procesual, taxonomías de problemas, de criterios de toma de decisiones y de decisiones. A partir de las categorías analizadas y de una serie de atributos describimos los comportamientos y perfiles de acción, de búsqueda y resolutorio de traductores en formación.
The object of study of this doctoral thesis is the translation process. It identifies, compares, and describes student´s behaviour (that are at four different levels of their training program) when they identify and solve translation problems. A quasi-experimental research with exploratory purposes was designed; and data were obtained from screen recordings, simultaneous verbalizations, and ex post facto questionnaires. Translation products quality was also evaluated for research purposes. Process and product data were inductively and deductively analyzed. Guided by Grouded Theory methodology, codes and categories that emerged from data were used to build a translation problems taxonomy, a translation decisions classification, and a decision-making arguments taxonomy from a process-oriented perspective. Action, information seeking, and problem-solving profiles and behaviour of translation trainees were described by means of a set of attributes and the categories analyzed.

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Ianov, Lara, Both Matt De, Monica K. Chawla, Asha Rani, Andrew J. Kennedy, Ignazio Piras, Jeremy J. Day et al. « Hippocampal Transcriptomic Profiles : Subfield Vulnerability to Age and Cognitive Impairment ». FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626430.

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The current study employed next-generation RNA sequencing to examine gene expression differences related to brain aging, cognitive decline, and hippocampal subfields. Young and aged rats were trained on a spatial episodic memory task. Hippocampal regions CA1, CA3, and the dentate gyrus were isolated. Poly-A mRNA was examined using two different sequencing platforms, Illumina, and Ion Proton. The Illumina platform was used to generate seed lists of genes that were statistically differentially expressed across regions, ages, or in association with cognitive function. The gene lists were then retested using the data from the Ion Proton platform. The results indicate hippocampal subfield differences in gene expression and point to regional differences in vulnerability to aging. Aging was associated with increased expression of immune response-related genes, particularly in the dentate gyrus. For the memory task, impaired performance of aged animals was linked to the regulation of Ca2+ and synaptic function in region CA1. Finally, we provide a transcriptomic characterization of the three subfields regardless of age or cognitive status, highlighting and confirming a correspondence between cytoarchitectural boundaries and molecular profiling.

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Watts, Geoffrey Douglas. « Age related cognitive profiles in the detection of Alzheimers disease ». Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301481.

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SEREGNI, FABIO GINO. « IL PRINCIPIO DI "DETERMINATEZZA" : PROFLILI GIURIDICO-PENALI, CRIMINOLOGICI E COGNITIVI ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/51709.

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La tesi si propone l’obiettivo di attualizzare il principio di determinatezza, quale corollario del principio di legalità, al fine di delineare la portata vincolante dello stesso rispetto alla discrezionalità del legislatore penale. La prima parte dell’elaborato sviluppa un’analisi ricognitiva del dibattito dottrinale e giurisprudenziale, anche passando in rassegna le pronunce maggiormente significative della Corte Costituzionale, sull’evoluzione del principio nell’ordinamento giuridico italiano. Le risultanze di questa indagine portano a sviluppare una dimensione del principio in senso “ampio” ossia quale criterio di aderenza della norma alla realtà, processuale e umana, che intende definire e regolare. Lo studio analizza quindi, nella seconda parte, il fondamento e l’impatto dell’agire politico-criminale da una prospettiva criminologica e cognitiva considerando, in primo luogo, i fattori e le variabili empiriche delle scelte di criminalizzazione e, in second’ordine, combinando le risultanze acquisite con le più attuali ricerche condotte nell’alveo della psicologia cognitiva. Il taglio di originalità del lavoro sta nell’applicare queste risultanze nell’attività di scelta del bene giuridico e tipizzazione della fattispecie penale. La prospettiva empirico/cognitiva del principio viene quindi declinata da un punto di vista critico nell’analisi di alcune fattispecie di parte speciale, con specifico riferimento ai delitti di concussione (nella forma costrittiva e induttiva) e corruzione. I deficit di determinatezza delle due fattispecie riflettono, difatti, sul piano normativo e giudiziario le difficoltà di apprestare efficaci strategie di prevenzione e contrasto del fenomeno corruttivo. In tal senso, lo studio propone un modello di normazione penale che sia integrata dallo studio delle scienze cognitive e che consenta di fungere da valido strumento per il legislatore nella lotta alla corruzione.
The thesis aims to update the principle of “certainty”, as a corollary of the principle of legality, in order to outline the binding scope of the principle with respect to the decision of crimnal law. The first part of the paper develops a reconnaissance analysis of the doctrinal and jurisprudential debate, also by reviewing the most significant rulings of the Constitutional Court, on the evolution of the principle in the Italian legal system. The results of this survey lead to developing a dimension of the principle in a "broad" sense, ie as a criterion of adherence of the norm to the reality, both procedural and human, which it intends to define and regulate. The study then analyzes, in the second part, the foundation and the impact of political-criminal action from a criminological and cognitive perspective considering, first of all, the factors and the empirical variables of the choices of criminalization and, secondly, combining the results obtained with the most current research conducted in the cognitive psychology. The cutting of originality of the work lies in applying these results in the activity of choice of the legal asset and typification of the criminal case. The empirical / cognitive perspective of the principle is therefore declined from a critical point of view in the analysis of some cases of special part, with specific reference to crimes of concussion (in constructive and inductive form) and corruption. The deficits of the two cases reflect, in fact, on the regulatory and judicial level the difficulties of preparing effective strategies to prevent and combat the phenomenon of corruption. In this sense, the study proposes a criminal model law that is integrated by the study of cognitive sciences and that allows it to act as a valid tool for the legislator in the fight against corruption.

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SEREGNI, FABIO GINO. « IL PRINCIPIO DI "DETERMINATEZZA" : PROFLILI GIURIDICO-PENALI, CRIMINOLOGICI E COGNITIVI ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/51709.

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La tesi si propone l’obiettivo di attualizzare il principio di determinatezza, quale corollario del principio di legalità, al fine di delineare la portata vincolante dello stesso rispetto alla discrezionalità del legislatore penale. La prima parte dell’elaborato sviluppa un’analisi ricognitiva del dibattito dottrinale e giurisprudenziale, anche passando in rassegna le pronunce maggiormente significative della Corte Costituzionale, sull’evoluzione del principio nell’ordinamento giuridico italiano. Le risultanze di questa indagine portano a sviluppare una dimensione del principio in senso “ampio” ossia quale criterio di aderenza della norma alla realtà, processuale e umana, che intende definire e regolare. Lo studio analizza quindi, nella seconda parte, il fondamento e l’impatto dell’agire politico-criminale da una prospettiva criminologica e cognitiva considerando, in primo luogo, i fattori e le variabili empiriche delle scelte di criminalizzazione e, in second’ordine, combinando le risultanze acquisite con le più attuali ricerche condotte nell’alveo della psicologia cognitiva. Il taglio di originalità del lavoro sta nell’applicare queste risultanze nell’attività di scelta del bene giuridico e tipizzazione della fattispecie penale. La prospettiva empirico/cognitiva del principio viene quindi declinata da un punto di vista critico nell’analisi di alcune fattispecie di parte speciale, con specifico riferimento ai delitti di concussione (nella forma costrittiva e induttiva) e corruzione. I deficit di determinatezza delle due fattispecie riflettono, difatti, sul piano normativo e giudiziario le difficoltà di apprestare efficaci strategie di prevenzione e contrasto del fenomeno corruttivo. In tal senso, lo studio propone un modello di normazione penale che sia integrata dallo studio delle scienze cognitive e che consenta di fungere da valido strumento per il legislatore nella lotta alla corruzione.
The thesis aims to update the principle of “certainty”, as a corollary of the principle of legality, in order to outline the binding scope of the principle with respect to the decision of crimnal law. The first part of the paper develops a reconnaissance analysis of the doctrinal and jurisprudential debate, also by reviewing the most significant rulings of the Constitutional Court, on the evolution of the principle in the Italian legal system. The results of this survey lead to developing a dimension of the principle in a "broad" sense, ie as a criterion of adherence of the norm to the reality, both procedural and human, which it intends to define and regulate. The study then analyzes, in the second part, the foundation and the impact of political-criminal action from a criminological and cognitive perspective considering, first of all, the factors and the empirical variables of the choices of criminalization and, secondly, combining the results obtained with the most current research conducted in the cognitive psychology. The cutting of originality of the work lies in applying these results in the activity of choice of the legal asset and typification of the criminal case. The empirical / cognitive perspective of the principle is therefore declined from a critical point of view in the analysis of some cases of special part, with specific reference to crimes of concussion (in constructive and inductive form) and corruption. The deficits of the two cases reflect, in fact, on the regulatory and judicial level the difficulties of preparing effective strategies to prevent and combat the phenomenon of corruption. In this sense, the study proposes a criminal model law that is integrated by the study of cognitive sciences and that allows it to act as a valid tool for the legislator in the fight against corruption.

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Wong, Pauline P. « Mathematical models of cognitive recovery and impairment profile after severe traumatic brain injury ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/NQ43457.pdf.

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Wicks, Paul Jon Andrew. « The profile of cognitive, behehavioural and emotional change within MND [motor neurone disease] ». Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430936.

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Shayle, Amy. « Assessing the cognitive, behavioural and psychosocial profile of children with Russell Silver Syndrome ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/340/.

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The main objective of this research was to create a better understanding of the long term cognitive, behavioural and psychosocial consequences for children with Russell Silver Syndrome (RSS), a syndrome characterised by being born Small for Gestational Age (SGA) and having short stature and phenotypical facial features. A systematic review revealed a trend for SGA children is increasing cognitive difficulties with increasing age, possibly due to spatial difficulties. A comparison of the cognitive abilities of an RSS group and an age matched control group revealed a cognitive disadvantage in RSS children, particularly spatial difficulties. RSS children were also found to have more behavioural problems than control children, particularly symptoms of ADHD. An investigation revealed an increased incidence of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in RSS than would be expected in the general population, though those with ASD symptoms were not found to form a distinct group of children with RSS. An investigation self esteem in RSS revealed that although they were physically smaller and perceived this, this was not impacting on their overall self esteem. In turn it was revealed that others were not viewing the physical symptoms of RSS as guiding their expectations. Overall the findings from this research were positive and have real life application. It was important that weaknesses, such as was found for spatial ability and hyperactivity and inattention are recognised. What this research was not able to conclude conclusively was why these patterns of behaviour were observed and this offers future directions for the research.

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Andre, Perrine. « Exposition aux endotoxines : influence de l'alimentation et rôle dans le vieillissement cognitif ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0177.

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La forme sporadique de la maladie d’Alzheimer représente l’une des maladies neurodégénératives les plus répandues à travers le monde, demeurant toutefois incurable de nos jours ; les traitements pharmacologiques ne permettant que d’en atténuer les symptômes sans pour autant freiner la progression de la maladie. Dans un modèle « vie-entière » d’interaction entre prédisposition génétique et facteurs environnementaux, les endotoxines - des substances toxiques d’origine bactérienne à fort potentiel pro-inflammatoire - émergent en tant que facteurs préjudiciables dans le concept de vieillissement en bonne santé. L’alimentation, théoriquement capable d’agir à la fois sur la composition du microbiote intestinal (principal réservoir à endotoxines de l’organisme) et d’influencer le passage des endotoxines vers la circulation sanguine, représente une stratégie prometteuse dans la modulation de l’exposition aux endotoxines. Les objectifs de cette thèse ont été d’une part (i) d’évaluer l’association entre des profils alimentaires et un biomarqueur de l’exposition plasmatique aux endotoxines, et d’autre part (ii) d’évaluer l’association entre des biomarqueurs de l’exposition plasmatique aux endotoxines et le risque de maladie d’Alzheimer, au sein d’une population âgée. Compte-tenu de la nature multidimensionnelle de l’alimentation, deux approches complémentaires ont été utilisées pour définir l’exposition nutritionnelle. Le score d’adhérence au régime Méditerranéen (construit selon une approche confirmatoire a priori) ainsi que l’adhérence à un régime de type « prudent » (dérivé d’une approche exploratoire a posteriori) caractérisé principalement par une consommation riche en fruits et légumes et pauvre en biscuits, étaient inversement associés aux taux circulants d’acides gras 3-hydroxylés, un proxy de la quantification totale en endotoxines plasmatiques. À l’inverse, un régime de type « sud-ouest » caractérisé principalement par une consommation riche en alcool, viande, charcuterie et dans une moindre mesure en légumineuses et céréales était associé à des taux plus élevés d’acides gras 3-hydroxylés. Ces résultats suggéraient que l’alimentation pourrait être une piste prometteuse ciblant l’endotoxémie, et donc les processus inflammatoires en découlant, chez la personne âgée. Alors qu’aucune association n’a été mise en évidence entre les taux d’acides gras 3-hydroxylés à l’inclusion et le risque de survenue d’une maladie d’Alzheimer, des taux plasmatiques plus élevés de Lipopolysaccharides-Binding Protein (LBP) - protéine de transport des endotoxines - étaient associés à un sur-risque de maladie d’Alzheimer plus d’une décennie après. Étant donné que la LBP, essentielle dans l’initiation de la réponse immunitaire et inflammatoire aux endotoxines, est considérée comme un biomarqueur de l’activité biologique effective des endotoxines comparativement à la quantité totale en endotoxines circulantes, ces résultats suggéraient l’implication de l’endotoxémie dans la pathogenèse de la maladie d’Alzheimer
The sporadic form of Alzheimer's disease is one of the most widespread neurodegenerative diseases worldwide, yet remains incurable today; pharmacological treatments only alleviate the symptoms without slowing down the disease progression. In a "life-course" model of interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors, endotoxins - toxic substances of bacterial origin with strong pro-inflammatory potential - emerge as detrimental factors in the concept of healthy aging. Diet, theoretically capable of acting both on the composition of the gut microbiota (the body’s main endotoxin reservoir) and of influencing the passage of endotoxins into the bloodstream, represents a promising strategy in modulating endotoxin exposure. The objectives of this thesis were (i) to assess the association between dietary patterns and a biomarker of total plasma endotoxin exposure, and (ii) to assess the association between biomarkers of plasma endotoxin exposure and the risk of Alzheimer's disease, in an elderly population. Given the multidimensional nature of diet, two complementary approaches were used to assess dietary exposure. The adherence to the Mediterranean diet (based on a a priori confirmatory approach) as well as adherence to a “prudent” type diet (derived from a a posteriori exploratory approach) mainly characterized by a high consumption of fruits and vegetables and a low one in cookies, were inversely associated with circulating levels of 3-hydroxy fatty acids, a proxy of the total plasma endotoxins exposure. Conversely, a "south-west" diet mainly characterized by a high consumption of alcohol, meat, processed meat and to a lesser extent legumes and cereals was associated with higher levels of 3-hydroxy fatty acids. These results suggested that the diet could be a promising strategy to target endotoxemia and its consequence on inflammatory processes. While no association has been observed between the baseline levels of 3-hydroxy fatty acids and the risk of Alzheimer's disease, higher plasma levels of Lipopolysaccharides-Binding Protein (LBP) - an endotoxin transport protein - were associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease more than a decade later. Given that LBP is considered as a biomarker of the current biological activity of endotoxins compared with the total amount of circulating endotoxins, and essential in the initiation of the immune and inflammatory response to endotoxins, these results suggested the involvement of endotoxemia in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease

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Cyr, Émilie. « Évolution du profil cognitif chez des enfants exposés à l'alcoolisation foetale ». Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2011. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2678/1/030295565.pdf.

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Frigon, Isabelle. « Profils cognitifs chez un échantillon d'enfants négligés avec ou sans abus physique ». Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2011. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2062/1/030176445.pdf.

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Kitsune, Viryanaga. « An investigation of cognitive-electrophysiological biomarkers and symptom profile in ADHD and bipolar disorder ». Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-investigation-of-cognitiveelectrophysiological-biomarkers-and-symptom-profile-in-adhd-and-bipolar-disorder(b04f2a98-1054-4dbe-ab5c-c95342daa444).html.

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The first part of this thesis aimed to examine the stability and validity of potential cognitive- electrophysiological biomarkers in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a large sample of adolescents and young adults. In part two, this thesis proceeded to a cross-disorder comparison with Bipolar Disorder (BD) in a novel sample of adult women, beginning by investigating symptom overlap between the two disorders and testing the efficacy of standard clinical instruments to delineate ADHD from euthymic BD. The next two chapters then went on to investigate the ability of cognitive-electrophysiological markers to delineate ADHD from BD in this cross-disorder sample, both through re-examining event-related potential (ERP) components which were investigated in part one, and by exploring additional ERP components. Presented herein are data which demonstrate that ADHD-control differences are sensitive to differences in experimental context, such as recording duration, as well as sample characteristics and certain methodological factors such as electrode selection. This research identified possible candidate biomarkers for both ADHD and BD; including two disorder-specific cognitive-electrophysiological markers which dissociated ADHD from BD. A further comparison of symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, mania, depression and emotional lability (EL) in ADHD and BD using typical diagnostic measures indicated that depression, mania and EL measures were not able to distinguish ADHD from euthymic BD. Conversely, ADHD measures had good discrimination potential, and may currently be the best available method of delineating ADHD from BD in clinical contexts. This thesis recommended further research to confirm if the potential cognitive-electrophysiological biomarkers highlighted here are reliable indicators for either ADHD or BD. Further work is also needed to clarify the effects of methodological and samples differences on reported findings in these disorders across lifespan.

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Richards, Ian L. « Dyslexia : a study of developmental and maturational factors associated with a specific cognitive profile ». Thesis, Aston University, 1985. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12302/.

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Islam, Shamsun Nehar. « An exploratory study into the cognitive profile of those ageing with autism spectrum disorder ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1575447/.

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The long-established view of Autism Spectrum Disorder being a childhood disorder has concentrated research on childhood and adolescence, while the study of adulthood Autism Spectrum Disorder has been neglected until recent years. Although research with young adults has been initiated, very little is known about the impact of ageing and the lifespan trajectory for those over the age of fifty and with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder. Part one of this thesis presents a systematic literature review of the efficacy of psychological interventions for adults with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder and co-morbid psychiatric disorders. The literature review includes twelve studies. The findings suggest that the usual treatment interventions for neuro-typicals can be used with some adaptations for adults with high-functioning autism, and there is a need for robust evaluations of psychological interventions for different psychiatric disorders. Part two presents an empirical paper that investigates the cognitive profile of adults over the age of fifty with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder. A total of twenty-six adults participated in neuropsychological assessments of general abilities and memory. The results indicate that the cognitive profile may be uneven and that performance in some domains is weaker than others. The clinical implications are discussed with emphasis on the need for further research to improve the understanding of the ageing experience in those with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Part three is a critical appraisal highlighting reflections on the research process undertaken in this thesis. It details the challenges experienced and the obstacles encountered during the process.

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Bonjour, Emmanuelle. « Performances en lecture et profils de lecteurs à l'entrée au collège ». Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20043.

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Cette étude a pour objectif de caractériser les niveaux de maîtrise en lecture des élèves entrant en sixième. Elle a été réalisée grâce aux données recueillies, en septembre 1997, auprès d'un échantillon de 2594 élèves, par la Direction de l'Evaluation et de la Prospective (Ministère de l'Education Nationale), à partir de l'épreuve d'évaluation nationale en français et d'une épreuve d'évaluation en lecture. Un échantillon de 52 étudiants a également été soumis à l'épreuve d'évaluation en lecture. L'analyse des données met en évidence d'importantes différences interindividuelles chez les lecteurs de sixième. Parmi eux, 29 % s'avèrent être de bons lecteurs mais n'atteignent pas, toutefois, l'efficience en lecture des étudiants. L'élève entrant en sixième ne peut donc être considéré comme un lecteur expert. Dix pour cent, en revanche, cumulent d'importantes difficultés en lecture et un faible niveau de compréhension des textes écrits
This study was aimed to specify the reading levels at the beginning of secondary school. It uses data collected in September 1997 by "la Direction de l'Evaluation et de la Prospective" (Ministère de l'Education Nationale) based upon the national evaluation of French language proficiency and a reading evaluation test with 2594 sixth grade pupils. A sample of 52 adult students skilled readers also took the reading evaluation. The analysis showed important individual differences within the sixth graders sample. Out of them, 29 % are good readers but lack the reading proficiency of the adult readers. Upon entering sixth grade, the pupil cannot therefore be considered a skilled reader. However, 10 % of these pupils have both major reading difficulties and a low level of reading comprehension

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Grison, Elise. « Planifier et choisir un itinéraire en milieu urbain : approches plurielles d'un problème cognitif ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB200/document.

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Planifier un itinéraire est une tâche réalisée quotidiennement pour nos déplacements. Bien que cette tâche soit routinière, les recherches dans le domaine de la résolution de problème et de la cognition spatiale ont révélé les stratégies adoptées et les ressources cognitives (e.g. mémoire de travail, capacités spatiales, fonctions exécutives) nécessaires à sa réalisation. Ainsi différents modèles cognitifs décrivant la planification en différentes étapes avec ou sans compétition entre stratégies ont été proposés pour expliquer la formation des plans de voyage (Gärling, Säisä, Böök & Lindberg, 1986, Cuntini, Di Fernando, Basso, Bisiacchi et Zorzi, 2008). L'étude plus écologique de la planification, c’est-à-dire en situation réelle, montre la mise en jeu de facteurs supplémentaires tels que les critères de sélection, des facteurs individuels et contextuel. Cependant à ce jour peu d'études se sont intéressées à la planification d'itinéraire en transports en commun, alors que la valorisation de ces modes est actuellement nécessaire pour répondre aux préoccupations environnementales et de congestion du réseau routier des grandes villes. Dès lors, une question est de savoir si les processus de planification et de choix d’itinéraires sont modifiés du fait de la spécificité des itinéraires en transports en commun (modes variés et changements de modes) et quelles sont les facteurs cognitifs, psycho-sociaux, et contextuels impliquées. Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons mené quatre études pour investiguer différentes dimensions de cette activité à l'aide de paradigmes et techniques variés telles que les mouvements oculaires (étude 1), l'entretien (étude 2), des choix forcés (étude 3) et la réalité virtuelle (étude 4). Ces études ont permis de mettre en évidence que la planification d'itinéraire à partir de cartes de réseaux de transports s'effectue en deux temps et qu'elle se complexifie avec l'augmentation du nombre de changements de lignes (étude 1). De plus, l'analyse de l'expérience des usagers (étude 2) et les résultats de mises en situations expérimentales (études 3 et 4) ont montré que le choix d'itinéraire dépend du contexte et du profil de l'usager (capacités spatiales, préférences, attitude, etc.). Les résultats permettent donc de proposer des préconisations pour adapter les aides à la planification en considérant les différents profils d'usagers afin de favoriser l'utilisation de ces modes. Enfin, sur le plan théorique, nos études montrent que la prise en compte uniquement de l'aspect cognitif pour modéliser la planification n’est pas suffisante et que considérer les différents profils d'usagers permet une modélisation plus complète de ce processus complexe
Route planning is an everyday task performed when we want to travel. Even though it is a routine task, researches in problem-solving and spatial cognition domains have revealed that various strategies and cognitive resources are involved (e.g. working memory, spatial abilities, and executives' functions). Some models have been proposed to explain the formation of travel plans. They usually describe the planning process into different stages with or without competition between strategies (Gärling, Säisä, Böök & Lindberg, 1986, Cuntini, Di Fernando, Basso, Bisiacchi & Zorzi, 2008). More ecological studies, i.e. in real situations, have shown the implication of additional factors such as selection criteria, personal and contextual variables. To date however, few studies have taken an interest on the route planning using public transport, even though promote these modes is necessary considering environmental concerns and saturation of traffic in large cities. A question is whether planning and choice processes are modified due to special features of public transports (various modes and changes of modes) and which are the cognitive, psycho-social and contextual factors involved. To answer this question, we conducted four studies to investigate different dimensions of public transport planning activity using various methodologies and paradigms as eye-tracking (study 1), interview (study 2), two alternatives forced-choice (study 3) and virtual reality (study 4). The outcomes of these studies are that the route planning from a network map is a two-step process which becomes more complex with the number of changes of lines (study 1). The analyses of users' experience (study 2) and of different simulations (studies 3 and 4) show that the route choice depends both on the context and the user's profile (spatial abilities, preferences, attitudes, etc.). Results allow us to propose recommendation to better adapt assistance depending on various users profiles, in order to favour the use of public transports. Finally, on the theoretical side, our studies highlight that taking into account only the cognitive facet to build route-planning models is not sufficient, while considering different users' profiles provides a more complete picture of the processes involved

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Rotondo, E. « PROGRESSIONE DA MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT A MALATTIA DI ALZHEIMER : IDENTIFICAZIONE DI PROFILI NEUROCOGNITIVI PREDITTIVI E CORRELAZIONE CON BIOMARCATORI LIQUORALI ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/173979.

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Objective: To correlate neuropsychological testing with cerebrospinal fluid Amyloid beta (AD), tau and Ptau levels in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Background: Principal diagnostic instrument to define global cognitive state is the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cognitive domains that best predict progression from amnestic MCI to AD are episodic memory and executive functioning. Were selected two neuropsychological tests for both domains: Story Recall Test (SRT) and Paired-Associate Learning (PAL) to examine episodic verbal memory, and Coloured Progressive Matrices of Raven (CPMR) and Clock Drawing Test (CDT) to investigate executive functioning. Methods: Forty subjects with amnestic MCI were recruited. All of them underwent neurological exam, neuropsychological testing and lumbar puncture at time of diagnosis. Cognition were explored by MMSE (global cognitive functioning), CPMR and CDT (executive functions), SRT and PAL (episodic verbal memory). Statistical analysis was carried out by using t-test and Spearman test for correlations. Results: In the whole population, no significant correlation between cognitive and biological markers was observed. Considering CSF biomarker level of amiloidβ, thirteen subjects showed an altered pattern and converted to AD after few months, the other subjects whit a normal profile did not convert. MMSE show a significant difference between converters/no converters groups (26.4 versus 27.6 p=0.066). Also CDT and SRT had a significant difference between two groups (3 versus 5 p= 0.003 and 5.85 versus 8.32, p=0.03). Conclusion: According to these results, MMSE value is lower in converters, in according to patological biomarkers profile. PAL and CDT are more specific to predict conversion from MCI to AD.

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Briand, Nicole. « Profil des soignants compétents auprès des personnes âgées atteintes de déficiences cognitives ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10903.

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Depuis quelques années, les personnes âgées hébergées dans les institutions présentent des pertes d'autonomie physiques et psychologiques de plus en plus marquées. Dans ce contexte, le personnel soignant se trouve confronté quotidiennement à de multiples problèmes, particulièrement auprès des personnes âgées présentant des troubles d'ordre cognitif. Ce phénomène génère beaucoup d'anxiété chez certains soignants. Pourtant, en dépit du manque de connaissances théoriques et de préparation clinique, certains soignants adoptent spontanément une approche qui convient à cette clientèle. L'efficacité de ces soignants dans leurs interventions mérite notre attention. La présente recherche étudie le profil type de ces soignants reconnus par leur pairs comme étant les plus «compétents» auprès des personnes âgées atteintes de déficiences cognitives. Le profil type prend sa source dans cinq entrevues menées auprès de soignants compétents sélectionnés par leurs pairs. Le plan de l'étude est exploratoire. Le premier chapitre élabore la problématique des soignants travaillant avec des personnes âgées atteintes de déficiences cognitives en institution. Il précise également la question, les objectifs, les justifications et les délimitations de la recherche. Le deuxième chapitre présente une recension des écrits se rapportant aux besoins biopsychosociaux de ces malades et à l'influence de l'environnement physique et humain sur leurs comportements. Une dernière section touche les caractéristiques des soignants travaillant auprès de cette clientèle. Les trois chapitres suivants sont consacrés à la démarche méthodologie, aux résultats, à la discussion et aux recommandations.

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Mesquita, Maria Luiza Guedes de. « Perfil comportamental e cognitivo de crianças com a síndrome de Prader Willi ». Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1683.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Luiza Mesquita.pdf: 1339144 bytes, checksum: 96e23145c62c671a2f420c67daa9ed7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-13
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Prader Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the absence of the paternally derived PWS region of chromosome 15. Some patognomonics symptoms of this disorder are hyperphagia and obesity, which in most cases happens before the age of six and they severely harm the quality of life of such patients. The present study has focused on the behavioral area and aimed at identifying the daily frequency of eating habits and the caloric intake of children with PWS; identifying the variables of family interaction which control the eating behavior and tracing a cognitive and behavioral profile of the PWS patients. The sample was made by eleven children with a PWS genetic diagnosis, between the ages of 7 and 16 and their parents. The data collecting instruments were: a questionnaire for the eating habits record of the children, an interview to identify controlled environment variances of the eating behavior and the Brazilian version of the Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18 (CBCL/6-18) by Achenbach and the WISC-III test (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- 3 rd edition). The data went through an evaluation which included topographic record and functional analysis of eating behavior and others types of children´s non- adaptive behaviors and analyses and comparison of frequency distribution of these behaviors in relation to cognitive and behavioral profiles of the patients. The group was characterized as obese according to the BMI calculation. The main results showed that 82% from the total classified in the WISC-III test as mentally retarded, 100% of the sample was at clinic level and in at lest one of the syndrome scales, competences or problems of the instrument CBCL/6-18. One of the high frequency behavioral classes was the negotiations to obtain food from their parents. There is a behavioral chart configured as pathological in terms of response for tantrums, manipulation, aggressiveness, breaking of rules and oppositionist behavior. Psychiatric comorbidity has also been identified, associated to high consumption of psychotropic drugs.
A Síndrome de Prader Willi (SPW) é uma doença genética de origem paterna causada pela perda de expressão de genes no cromossomo 15. Alguns sintomas patognomônicos da doença são a hiperfagia e a obesidade que, na maioria dos casos, ocorre antes dos seis anos e compromete severamente a qualidade vida desses pacientes. O presente estudo se concentrou na área comportamental e teve como objetivos: - identificar a freqüência diária de comportamentos alimentares e ingestão calórica de crianças com SPW; - identificar as variáveis de interação familiar que controlam os comportamentos alimentares e; - traçar um perfil comportamental e cognitivo dos sujeitos com SPW. A amostra foi composta por onze crianças com diagnóstico genético de SPW, na faixa etária de 7 a 16 anos e seus pais. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: um questionário para o registro de hábitos alimentares da criança, uma entrevista para identificar variáveis ambientais controladoras dos comportamentos alimentares, a versão brasileira do Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6-18 (CBCL/6-18) de Achenbach e o Teste WISC-III (Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para crianças 3ª edição). Os dados passaram por uma avaliação que incluiu um registro topográfico e análise funcional de comportamentos alimentares e de outros tipos de comportamentos desadaptativos das crianças e análise e comparação das distribuições de freqüências desses comportamentos em relação aos perfis cognitivo e comportamental dos sujeitos. O grupo foi caracterizado como obeso de acordo com o cálculo do IMC. Os principais resultados apontaram que 82% do total classificaram-se no teste WISC-III como débil mental, 100% da amostra pontuaram na faixa clínica em, pelo menos uma das escalas das síndromes, competências ou problemas do instrumento CBCL/6-18. Uma das classes comportamentais de alta freqüência foram as negociações para obter alimentos dos pais. Há um quadro comportamental configurado como patológico em termos de respostas de birra, manipulação, agressividade, quebrar regras e oposicionismo. A comorbidade psiquiátrica também foi identificada, inclusive associada a um consumo elevado de psicotrópicos.

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