Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Professional inequalities »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Professional inequalities"
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Wendt, Andrea, Luana Patrícia Marmitt, Bruno P. Nunes, Samuel C. Dumith et Inácio Crochemore-Silva. « Socioeconomic inequalities in the access to health services : a population-based study in Southern Brazil ». Ciência & ; Saúde Coletiva 27, no 2 (février 2022) : 793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022272.03052021.
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Abstract This article aims to measure socioeconomic inequalities regarding access to health services, contact with health professionals, and specific health interventions. This was a cross-sectional population-based study with individuals aged 18 years or older, living in the city of Rio Grande. The outcomes were the following: Family Health Strategy (FHS) coverage; having a health insurance plan; receiving a visit of a community health worker; medical consultation; dental consultation; dietary counseling; having a class with a physical education professional; flu vaccination; mammography, cytopathological and prostate exams. Relative and absolute measures were used to assess inequalities in the distribution of the outcomes. There was a response rate of 91% (1,300 adults were interviewed). Coverage indicators ranged from 16.1%, for having a class with a physical education professional, to 80.0% for medical consultation. FHS coverage and visit of a community health agent presented higher proportions among the poorest while outcomes regarding contact with health professionals, screening exams and flu vaccine were more prevalent among richest group. We observed low coverage levels of access to health services and professionals in addition to marked socioeconomic inequalities.
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Chakraborthy, Deepanjana, Tanu Shukla et Ranjini S. Nadig. « Addressing Educational and Professional Inequalities Through Capability Approach ». Mind and Society 12, no 03 (14 octobre 2023) : 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.56011/mind-mri-123-20238.
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The study aims to analyse the educational and professional inequalities using the capability approach. . Using the capability approach with distinct secondary datasets, it attempts to comprehend inequalities in understanding the interplay of various attributes leading towards disparities at various levels. Using specific exemplifications, the study shows gender disparity even with the labour force participation representing varied professional roles, representing social oppression at both the fronts of education and professional fronts. The study manifests the intricacies in societal, economic and political factors for understanding the functionalities and capabilities. With a rigorous review of the literature, the study observes the significance of the theoretical perspective in understanding the interplay of inequalities at the micro level that transforms into social oppression using the capability approach.
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Machado, Maria Helena, Maria Carlota de Rezende Coelho, Everson Justino Pereira, Alexandre Oliveira Telles, Joaquim José Soares Neto, Francisco Rosemiro Guimarães Ximenes Neto, Eleny Guimarães-Teixeira, João Niquice Bembele, Luciana Guedes da Silva et Filipe Leonel Vargas. « Work conditions and biosafety of health professionals and invisible health workers in the context of COVID-19 in Brazil ». Ciência & ; Saúde Coletiva 28, no 10 (octobre 2023) : 2809–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320232810.10072023en.
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Abstract The present article addresses the work conditions in health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study that used data from the surveys “Working conditions of healthcare professionals in the context of Covid-19 in Brazil” and “Invisible healthcare workers: work conditions and mental health in the context of Covid-19 in Brazil”, seeking to better understand the working conditions and biosafety of these two distinct and socially unequal professional contingents. Data analysis proves that work conditions were extremely affected due to inadequate infrastructures, strenuous work, biosecurity at risk, exhaustion, fear of contamination and death, strong signs of physical and mental exhaustion, among workers. It also points out the discrimination and inequalities of social rights and professional development that mark the worlds of work highlighted in the surveys, emphasizing the profound inequalities that exist in Brazil and in its regions. It concludes by showing the importance of formulating public policies within the scope of work management in SUS, which ensures the protection, appreciation and reduction of inequalities pointed out in this article.
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Adams, Tracey L., Ian Kirkpatrick, Pamela S. Tolbert et Justin Waring. « From protective to connective professionalism : Quo Vadis professional exclusivity ? » Journal of Professions and Organization 7, no 2 (1 juillet 2020) : 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpo/joaa014.
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Abstract This essay is composed of commentaries from four scholars critically evaluating Noordegraaf’s article ‘Protective or Connective Professionalism? How Connected Professionals Can (Still) Act as Autonomous and Authoritative Experts’. All four scholars, in different ways and from their different perspectives, question the dichotomy at the heart of Noordegraaf’s article, arguing that professionals have always been connective and connected, and moreover, that protective professionalism has not disappeared. They recommend more conceptual development to unpack the changing nature of connectivity and protectionism, as well as more attention to inequalities within and among professions, power, and professional agency.
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Saes, Mirelle de Oliveira, Elizabet Saes-Silva, Suele Manjourany Silva Duro et Rosália Garcia Neves. « Inequalities in the management of back pain care in Brazil - National Health Survey, 2019 ». Ciência & ; Saúde Coletiva 28, no 2 (février 2023) : 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232023282.11792022.
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Abstract The aim was to assess the presence of socioeconomic inequalities in the management of back pain among Brazilians. Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey (2019). The management of back pain care was assessed using five outcomes: regular exercise; physiotherapy; use of medications or injections; integrative and complementary practice; regular follow-up with a health professional. The magnitude of inequalities of each outcome in relation to exposures (education and income) was estimated using two indices: slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index (CIX). Of the 90,846 interviewees, 19,206 individuals (21.1%) reported some chronic back problem. The most prevalent outcomes were use of medications and injections (45.3%), physical exercise (26.3%) and regular follow-up with a health professional (24.7%). The existence of inequalities in the management of back pain in the Brazilian population was evident. The adjusted analysis showed that the richest and most educated performed two to three times more physical exercise, physiotherapy, integrative and complementary practices (ICPS) and regular follow-up with a health professional than the poorest and least educated. Absolute (SII) and relative (CIX) inequalities were significant for all outcomes.
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Pietiläinen, Olli, Mikko Laaksonen, Eero Lahelma, Aino Salonsalmi et Ossi Rahkonen. « Occupational class inequalities in disability retirement after hospitalisation ». Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no 3 (21 août 2017) : 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817726618.
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Aims: This study aimed to investigate whether hospitalisation is associated with increased risk of disability retirement differently across four occupational classes. Methods: 170,510 employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland were followed from 1990 to 2013 using national registers for hospitalisations and disability retirement. Increases in the risk of disability retirement after hospitalisation for any cause, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, mental disorders, malignant neoplasms, respiratory diseases and injuries were assessed across four occupational classes: professional, semi-professional, routine non-manual and manual, using competing risks models. Results: In general, hospitalisation showed a slightly more increased risk of disability retirement in the lower ranking occupational classes. Hospitalisation among women for mental disorders showed a more increased risk in the professional class (hazard ratio 14.73, 95% confidence interval 12.67 to 17.12) compared to the routine manual class (hazard ratio 7.27, 95% confidence interval 6.60 to 8.02). Occupational class differences were similar for men and women. The risk of disability retirement among women increased most in the routine non-manual class after hospitalisation for musculoskeletal disorders and injuries, and most in the professional class after hospitalisation for cardiovascular diseases. The corresponding risks among men increased most in the two lowest ranking classes after hospitalisation for injuries. Conclusions: Ill-health as measured by hospitalisation affected disability retirement in four occupational classes differently, and the effects also varied by the diagnostic group of hospitalisation. Interventions that tackle work disability should consider the impact of ill-health on functioning while taking into account working conditions in each occupational class.
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FREITAS, CARLOS HENRIQUE GONÇALVES, CÍNTIA RODRIGUES et VALDIR MACHADO VALADÃO JUNIOR. « Sweet & ; sour : Postcolonial professional kitchens in the postmodernity ». Cadernos EBAPE.BR 18, spe (novembre 2020) : 807–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1679-395120190049x.
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Abstract Inequality is a historical issue in Brazil, an inheritance of entangled and interdependent social, economic, political and legal injustices. This article summarizes a research on fine-dining restaurant kitchens in the city of Uberlandia, a major economic and migration hub in central Brazil, seeking to expose instances of inequalities replicated in these organizations. It attempts to offer a critical study of unfolding dialogues between its employees’ perspectives of their socio-cultural contexts and those of the organizations and their own contextual particularities, using the notions of medievality, global city and foodscape as categories of analysis, with further considerations on organization studies, postcolonialism and postmodernity. Its research corpus’ empirical material was collected through shadowing chefs in two restaurants and was analyzed in the light of those categories and considerations. It was possible to interpret that such workers, organizations, and their contexts reproduce symbols, behaviors and representations that may operate as sources of social distinction for their customers, but, paradoxically, may reinforce the inequalities that motivated the research.
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Ip, Athena, Georgia Black, Cecilia Vindrola-Padros, Claire Taylor, Sophie Otter, Madeleine Hewish, Afsana Bhuiya et al. « Healthcare Professional and Patient Perceptions of Changes in Colorectal Cancer Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Impact on Health Inequalities ». Cancer Control 29 (janvier 2022) : 107327482211146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10732748221114615.
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic changed the way in which people were diagnosed and treated for cancer. We explored healthcare professional and patient perceptions of the main changes to colorectal cancer delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic and how they impacted on socioeconomic inequalities in care. Methods In 2020, using a qualitative approach, we interviewed patients (n = 15) who accessed primary care with colorectal cancer symptoms and were referred for further investigations. In 2021, we interviewed a wide range of healthcare professionals (n = 30) across the cancer care pathway and gathered national and local documents/guidelines regarding changes in colorectal cancer care. Results Changes with the potential to exacerbate inequalities in care, included: the move to remote consultations; changes in symptomatic triage, new COVID testing procedures/ways to access healthcare, changes in visitor policies and treatment (e.g., shorter course radiotherapy). Changes that improved patient access/convenience or the diagnostic process have the potential to reduce inequalities in care. Discussion Changes in healthcare delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic have the ongoing potential to exacerbate existing health inequalities due to changes in how patients are triaged, changes to diagnostic and disease management processes, reduced social support available to patients and potential over-reliance on digital first approaches. We provide several recommendations to help mitigate these harms, whilst harnessing the gains.
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MIHAIL, Rarita, et Mihaela BARONI. « Inegalităţi de gen şi mecanisme discriminatorii pe piaţa muncii ». Analele Universității „Dunărea de Jos” din Galați. Fascicula XX, Sociologie / The Annals of ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle XX, Sociology, no 16 (6 mars 2022) : 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/socio/2021.01.
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This study is part of a project funded by the European Union aimed at supporting equal opportunities and professional promotion of women in the project implementation counties: Galaţi, Brăila, Vaslui and Călăraşi. Our research starts from the premise that employment, pay or promotion conditions may limit women's participation in the labour market. In today's Romanian society, multiple inequalities between women and men persist on the labour market, in professional and social life. Even though the status of women in society has changed considerably compared to previous decades, women and men do not have the same opportunities in terms of educational and professional path or family life. The aim of this study is to analyse gender inequalities and discriminatory practices that affect both employed women and those who want to enter the labour market. Although anti-discrimination laws and measures exist, they are neither sufficient nor effective to ensure equal opportunities for women in the field of professional relations. These need to be reinforced by education and public policies that integrate the gender equality dimension and create equal development opportunities for women and men.
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PAILOT, Philippe, Stephanie CHASSERIO, Typhaine LEBÈGUE et Corinne POROLI. « Les inégalités dans l’entrepreneuriat des femmes : proposition d’un cadre d’analyse bidimensionnel catégoriel et relationnel ». Management international 27, no 4 (2023) : 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.59876/a-cjk0-wqrg.
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The literature on women’s entrepreneurship largely denounces the inequalities faced by women entrepreneurs. By combining a categorical approach (aiming to apprehend the question of inequalities in terms of stereotypical categorical assignment which can be variable according to the subcategories of women entrepreneurs) and a relational approach (intended to identify the logics of cultural devaluation and the denial of recognition of which women are the target), we propose a framework based on a meta-analysis of the literature to apprehend the complexity of the situations of professional and social inequalities experienced by women entrepreneurs, while taking into account their diversity.
Thèses sur le sujet "Professional inequalities"
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Hilal, Randa. « The value of vocational education and training in advancing human development and reducing inequalities : the case of Palestine ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49497/.
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This thesis aims at examining the contribution of Vocational Education and Training (VET) to advancing Human Development (HD) and reducing inequality, using the example of Palestine as case-study rich in multi-layered inequalities, some of which are experienced in the region and worldwide, while others are specific to adverse conditions. The case of Palestine provides fertile ground for understanding inequality and human development, and for echoing the developed knowledge through to the understanding of VET and HD globally. The thesis contributes to the previous work on VET and HD introduced by McGrath (2012c) and shaped by many scholars, including McGrath and Powell, through the Capability Approach (CA). It uses Powell’s (2014) work on “aspiration” and capability lists (CL) and relates VET to human development within the Palestinian context. The thesis provides empirical evidence of the VET Learners’ and graduates’ capabilities and functions achievements through VET in the adverse conditions present in the Palestinian context. The thesis validates and develops the VET CL, integrating inequality elements and linking it to political economy theory. The thesis utilises Gender and Development Theory (GAD), complemented by the intersectionality approach. The research borrows Kabeer’s (1999) “empowerment framework”, based on the notion of “choice” in addressing disempowerment, to analyse how VET can contribute to reducing inequality. The thesis also engages with Political Economy arguments and specifically the work of Phillip Brown, Andy Green and Hugh Lauder (2001) on the need for “social transformation” to achieve the aim of a high skill society, suggesting an increased role for government and social partners and the political will for skills upgrading. In this regard, the thesis analyses how adopted policies are used to reduce or reproduce inequalities. The research used quantitative and qualitative methods, and engaged 1,240 people representing VET graduates, students, teachers, counsellors and management of VET institutes, in addition to policymakers on national and regional levels, as well as teachers and principals of general schools, employers, community representatives and government officials. 33 VET institutions were engaged representing the different VET providers being; governmental, non-governmental, semi-governmental and UN bodies. Selected institutes and consulted people presented different identified inequality elements. The Thesis presented empirical evidence on the increased value of VET for the marginalised, and for marginalised communities in adverse conditions. It presented that VET graduates’ achievements in employment, self-employment and different kind of work as well as in their speed in transiting to the World of Work (WOW) in comparison to their peers. Also presented their ability to generate income and other economic resources for poverty reduction and starting new families. In addition, it highlighted the empowerment achievements of the graduates and its link to achieving their aspirations. Confirming the transformation of the graduates through empowering the dis-empowered. Nevertheless, graduates were faced with internal and external structural challenges. Internal in social attitudes and institutional policies and measures, while the external is in the military occupation and its effects on mobility and socio-economic status. The structural challenges have clearly affected graduates functionings, and achievements of empowerment and aspirations. The thesis presented models of institutes and best-practices by others to support VET learners in overcoming some of the internal challenges, and highlighted the deficits in national policies and measures, it also highlighted a major international deficit. In addition, the thesis has presented the VET contribution to marginalised community resilience. The thesis presented methods of measuring empowerment, functionings and achievement of aspirations as voiced out from VET graduates and learners and triangulated with other resources. One of the main contributions of the thesis is in bringing in GAD to CA in HD approach to VET, and in linking them to political economy, providing a holistic framework to examine VET contribution to HD and reducing inequality. The thesis was able to link arguments about VET and inequality in an international context, and provided empirical evidence for the significance of the link between VET and empowerment in the reduction of inequality, thus indicating the importance of VET in the debate on inequality, and the importance of empowerment measures and goals for identifying the role of VET in reducing inequality and advancing human development.
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Curtis, Melinda A. « Solving Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities on a Number Line ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/411.
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Absolute value has often been taught procedurally. Many students struggle with solving absolute value equations and inequalities because they do not have an understanding of the underlying concepts. This study was designed to determine to what extent solving absolute value equations and inequalities by using the concept of distance on a number line is an effective method. The claim is that if students use the distance concept on a number line, they will develop the necessary conceptual understanding in addition to just a procedural knowledge that will lead to the success with and flexibility in the use of strategies for more challenging problems. The following questions were addressed in this study: How and to what extent can using a number line develop a conceptual understanding of absolute value equations and inequalities? What solution strategies do students tend to use to solve absolute value equations and inequalities? Does the strategy depend on the complexity of the problem? To what extent do they exhibit flexibility in their use of strategies? What extensions are students able to make? What misconceptions do they have? In this study, lessons and assessments were implemented based on the “best practice” of using multiple representations with a focus on conceptual understanding of absolute value. The lessons were consistent with current content standards. Students completed a pre and post assessment, and some students were selected to participate in a 15 minute interview based on their responses from their assessments. The results were analyzed qualitatively and show that students struggled with remembering the procedure for solving absolute value equations and inequalities. The results also show that students were more successful when using the distance concept on a number line.
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Hopkins, Steven Christopher. « Do Gender Inequalities Exist in Professional Tennis ? An Examination of SportsCenter's™ Highlight Coverage of the 2007 Wimbledon Tennis Tournament ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1917.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if gender inequalities existed during SportsCenter's™ highlight coverage of the 2007 Wimbledon Tennis Tournament. The morning episode of the Entertainment Sports Programming Network (ESPN) television show SportsCenter™ was videotaped daily during the Wimbledon Tennis Tournament. Variables analyzed included total highlight time and average time per highlight, total number of highlights, highlights in the introduction to SportsCenter™, highlights previewed preceding commercial, when each highlight occurred, and name gender marking. Statistical significances were seen in first name only (t=2.76, p=0.05) and last name only (t=1.81, p=0.04) name gender marking and highlights occurring in second third (t=2.48, p=0.01) of SportsCenter™. Current literature supports current study's results in that male participants received quantitatively greater highlight coverage, more highlights in the second third of SportsCenter™, and were referred to by their last name while female participants were referred to by their first name.
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Hege, Robin. « La régulation du marché de l'aide professionnelle à domicile pour les personnes âgées dépendantes ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E006/document.
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Le marché de l’aide professionnelle à domicile pour les personnes âgées dépendantes en France est régulé. L’APA solvabilise une partie de la demande d’aide professionnelle à domicile tandis que certaines structures d’aide professionnelle sont tarifées et ont l’obligation de répondre à l’ensemble des demandes qu’elles reçoivent. Ces politiques de régulation sont décentralisées au niveau des Conseils départementaux et ont pour objectif de réduire les inégalités financières et géographiques d’accès à l’aide professionnelle à l’intérieur de chaque département. L’objectif de la thèse est de déterminer si ces politiques de réduction des inégalités intra-départementales conduisent à des inégalités interdépartementales. Le premier chapitre de la thèse utilise une enquête menée au niveau des Conseils départementaux afin de déterminer si la décentralisation des politiques de régulation conduit à une forte hétérogénéité de politiques entre départements. Le deuxième chapitre de la thèse analyse l’impact de l’hétérogénéité constatée. Ce chapitre propose une estimation de l’élasticité au reste à charge de la demande d’aide à domicile des personnes âgées dépendantes, à l’aide d’une enquête nationale. Le troisième chapitre de la thèse analyse, à l’intérieur d’un département, la répartition des financements publics en fonction des revenus et son impact sur les écarts de consommation. Pour cela nous utilisons des données de facturation d’un service d’aide à domicile. Enfin le quatrième chapitre de la thèse propose un modèle théorique de marché mixte, étudiant les effets de l’obligation de service d’une partie des structures du marché sur la qualité de l’aide offerteThe professional home-care market for the disabled elderly in France is regulated. The APA partially reimburses the professional home-care demand and the price of some home-care producers are fixed by the regulator. These producers must serve every area on the territory. The departmental councils set up these regulation policies. Their goal is to reduce financial and geographical inequalities in terms of access to home-care inside each department. Our thesis tries to determine if reductions of inequalities inside each department increase inequalities between department. The first chapter uses a departmental survey to check if the decentralization of regulation policies creates a heterogeneity between department. The second chapter aims to estimate the effects of the heterogeneity observed in the previous chapter on the home-care consumption. We use a national survey to estimate the price-elasticity of the professional home-care demand. The third chapter uses firm’s billing data to analyze the distribution function of the public support according to personal income and its impact on consumption. Finally, the fourth chapter presents a theoretical model of a mixed market where two firms compete on a market, one of which has a ubiquity constraint. The model studies the effect of this ubiquity constraint on the quality
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Silva, Edvaldo Pereira da. « Limites e possibilidades de contribuição aos processos de integração regional, de-senvolvimento local e combate às desigualdades pelo Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia ». Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5978.
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O tema desta tese são os Institutos Federais, localizados na Região Norte do Brasil, como ato-res sociais executores da política pública de educação profissional. O objetivo foi contribuir para a compreensão do processo social de constituição dessas instituições, a partir da identifi-cação dos limites e possibilidades de sua contribuição para a integração regional, o desenvol-vimento local e o combate às desigualdades, em decorrência da pertinência de sua definição legal e dos efeitos práticos de sua ação social. Levando em consideração as condições estrutu-rais e de funcionamento dessas instituições, o estudo pretendeu investigar se elas podem real-mente corresponder às expectativas geradas em torno de sua criação, segundo a percepção de seus gestores. A partir da contextualização da educação profissional no país e da Rede Federal na Região Norte, contrasta os pressupostos de criação, objetivos e finalidades dessas institui-ções com as condições estruturais de seus processos de implantação e a realidade concreta em que estão inseridas. O problema investigado coloca em evidencia, junto aos gestores, o questi-onamento se essas instituições podem realmente atender às expectativas delineadas para sua função social, segundo os pressupostos da lei 11.892/08, e como podem fazê-lo. A fundamen-tação teórica buscou referências que, reconhecendo a diversidade dos contextos sociais e a complexidade das relações, dimensões e fatores inerentes à estruturação e à organização da vida em sociedade, permitam sustentar os argumentos e considerações acerca dos Institutos Federais e de suas ações. Assim, a complexidade e diversidade das questões envolvidas na si-tuação-problema e a própria dinâmica do contexto social puderam ser consideradas na ampli-tude de suas extensões, como variáveis que tanto podem ser influenciadas, quanto influenciar na dinâmica de funcionamento dessas instituições. Como procedimento metodológico foram selecionados três Institutos, como casos a serem estudados. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de questionário e realização de entrevista, sistematizados e considerados, segundo os procedimentos da análise de conteúdo. Nas considerações finais, é feito o reco-nhecimento das limitações deste estudo, consciente de que o assunto não foi esgotado, mas com a convicção de que os objetivos propostos foram alcançados, permitindo respostas consis-tentes à situação-problema. Chega-se à conclusão de que, entre as disposições legais e o dis-curso oficial, há um dilema posto para os Institutos Federais, em relação aos sentidos de sua função social: ou agem como escolas obedientes e atendem, em seus processos formativos, às demandas do processo produtivo, ou redimensionam suas ações e focalizam nas perspectivas do desenvolvimento humano. Nesse contexto, a possibilidade de realizar impactos sociais pe-los Institutos Federais é relativa, dependendo dos sentidos das ações de seus agentes sociais e da reciprocidade nos contextos interno e externo. O tema desta tese continua em aberto, pro-pício à realização de outros trabalhos, inclusive, com a participação de atores sociais ainda não considerados.
The theme of this thesis are Federal institutions located in the northern region of Brazil, as so-cial actors executors of public policy professional education. The objective was to contribute to the understanding of the social process of establishment of such institutions, from the iden-tification of the limits and possibilities of its contribution to regional integration, local devel-opment and the fight against inequality, due to the relevance of its legal definition and the practical effects of its social action. Taking into account the structural conditions and func-tioning of such institutions, the study sought to investigate whether they can actually meet the expectations generated around its creation, according to the perception of their managers. From the context of professional education in the country and the Federal Network in the North, contrasts the assumptions, goals and purposes of these institutions with the structural conditions of their deployment processes and the reality in which they are inserted. The prob-lem investigated puts in evidence among the managers, questioning whether these institutions can really meet the expectations outlined for its social function according to the assumptions of the 11.892/08 law and how they can do it. The theoretical foundation sought references that, recognizing the diversity of social contexts and the complexity of the relationships, di-mensions and factors involved in the structuring and organization of life in society, may sup-port the arguments and considerations of Federal Institutions and their actions. Thus, the complexity and diversity of the issues involved in the problem situation and the dynamics of the social context might be considered in the amplitude of their extensions, as variables that can be influenced, how much influence the dynamics of functioning of such institutions. As methodological procedure three institutes were selected as cases to be studied, the data were collected through questionnaires and conducting interview, systemized and considered in ac-cordance with the procedures of content analysis. In the final considerations is the recognition of the limitations of this study, aware that the subject was not exhausted, but with the convic-tion that the goals were achieved, enabling consistent answers to the problem situation. One arrives at the conclusion that, between the legal provisions and the official discourse there is a dilemma for the Federal Institutes in relation to the senses of its social function, or act as obe-dient and schools meet in their formative processes demands of the productive process, or resize your actions and focus on human development perspectives. In this context, the possi-bility of fulfilling the social function of the Federal Institutes is relative, depending on the di-rections of their social agents and reciprocity, in internal and external contexts. The theme of this thesis is still open, conducive to the realization of other works, including with the partici-pation of social actors have not yet considered.
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Rigal, Laurent. « Dépistages des cancers gynécologiques en médecine générale - Variabilité des pratiques de soins ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00956912.
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Actuellement les gynécologues sont en France les professionnels de santé les plus impliqués dans le dépistage des cancers gynécologiques, mais les généralistes, qui voient l'ensemble de la population, sont les mieux placés pour dispenser des soins préventifs à tous et de façon équitable.Ce travail visait à comprendre la variabilité des pratiques de dépistage des cancers gynécologiques (par le frottis cervico-utérin et la mammographie) chez les femmes consultant en médecine générale, en fonction notamment de la position sociale des patientes et de l'organisation du cabinet de leur médecin.Il s'intègre dans une étude menée en 2005-06 sur les principaux soins préventifs destinés aux adultes des deux sexes. Sur une période de deux semaines, toutes les patientes de 50 à 69 ans de 59 généralistes franciliens tirés au sort (taux de participation des généralistes : 39 %) ont été incluses au fil des consultations. Les données ont été recueillies auprès des patients par téléphone et auprès des médecins en face-à-face à leur cabinet. L'essentiel des analyses a été réalisé avec des modèles logistiques mixtes à intercept aléatoire pour tenir compte de la structure hiérarchique des données.Au total, 66,7 % des patients éligibles (n=4106) ont participé à l'étude, sans différence selon le sexe des patients.Même parmi des femmes utilisant le système de santé, on observe des inégalités sociales, mais uniquement concernant le frottis (n=858). Un gradient de dépistage défavorable au bas de la hiérarchie sociale existe pour la profession (indice relatif d'inégalité = 2,3), le niveau d'études (IRI = 2,0) et les revenus (IRI = 3,0). L'analyse des contributions à ces gradients de diverses dimensions de la position sociale (logement, quartier, richesse du foyer, statut vis-à-vis de l'emploi, relations sociales et assurance santé) montre que la richesse du foyer, les caractéristiques du quartier et le type d'assurance santé expliquent entre 20 et 60 % de ces inégalités.L'investissement des généralistes dans le dépistage semble restreint comme en témoignent les taux de renseignement d'une date de dernier frottis ou de dernière mammographie dans les dossiers médicaux (23 % pour le cancer du col utérin et 38 pour le cancer du sein). Les praticiens semblent mieux renseigner les dossiers des patientes du bas de la hiérarchie professionnelle et les dossiers des femmes dont ils savent qu'elles ne sont pas suivies par un gynécologue.L'organisation des consultations apparaît centrale dans notre enquête. La participation des patients à l'étude était meilleure parmi les médecins proposant des consultations sur rendez-vous (OR = 2,12 pour les patients hommes et 3,38 pour les femmes). Cette organisation jouerait aussi sur les pratiques de soins : les médecins ayant des consultations plus courtes s'impliquent moins dans le dépistage du cancer du sein (n=898, OR = 0,65). Ces aspects organisationnels permettent d'expliquer environ un quart de la variabilité des pratiques entre les médecins.Ces résultats devraient inciter les généralistes à investir davantage les dépistages des cancers gynécologiques et peut-être à opérer des changements organisationnels. Ce travail, au croisement de la recherche en médecine générale et de l'épidémiologie sociale, a fait émerger une réflexion sur l'analyse de données provenant de patients suivis sur le long cours par des professionnels de santé. Il ouvre aussi des perspectives sur la mise en place d'interventions pour réduire les inégalités sociales observées dans les patientèles.
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Lafenetre, Pascal. « Contribution à l’étude des inégalités scolaires selon le type d’orientation en classe de seconde : pratiques d’enseignement des mathématiques et habitus professionnel ». Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21954/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le système scolaire français est en passe de réussir à mener près de 80% d’une classe d’âge jusqu’au niveau du baccalauréat. Cependant, cette démocratisation du système ne doit pas occulter la persistance de certaines inégalités. Le niveau du lycée semble être le lieu et le moment où certaines des ces inégalités se cristallisent. Le propos de ce travail est de montrer, dans un premier temps, que ces inégalités s’accroissent au lycée et en particulier au cours de l’année de seconde, qu’aux inégalités d’accès, s’ajoutent des inégalités de réussite. Dans un second temps, ce travail s’attachera à montrer que les pratiques d’enseignement, différentes d’un type de lycée à un autre, peuvent expliquer l’accroissement des ces inégalités. La première étude portera sur l’évolution des inégalités de réussite en mathématiques entre les élèves d’un lycée professionnel, ceux d’un lycée technique et ceux d’un lycée général. L’étude des progressions des élèves en fonction de leur classement initial montrera que les élèves n’ont pas les mêmes chances de réussite selon le type d’établissement dans lequel ils sont scolarisés. La deuxième étude portera sur les pratiques et les discours de 10 enseignants de trois établissements différents : LP, LT et LG. Une analyse quantitative et qualitative de leurs discours, en entretien et en classe, et de leur pratique nous permettra de caractériser ces dernières eu regard du lieu d’enseignement et de mettre ainsi en évidence ce que l’on peut appeler un habitus professionnelNearly 80% of a class age is to be taken as far as the baccalauréat by the French Educational School System. Yet, this democratization of the system should not hide the persistence of certain inequalities. It seems indeed, that some school inequalities crystallize at school. That’s why this work will aim at showing, at first, that these inequalities increase during the 1st year of high school (our seconde). Moreover, inequalities of access come on top of inequalities of success. Then, it will be demonstrated in that work that teaching methods (different from one school to another), could as well explain the increase of inequalities. The first study will mainly deal with the evolution of the success inequalities in mathematics between general, technical and professional French high schools. It will be demonstrated as well that pupils don’t have the same opportunities according to their initial rank and according to the school they’re in. The second study will deal with the teaching methods and interviews of 10 teachers, from different types of high schools (LP, LT, LG). A quantitative and qualitative analysis of their speech and practices through their interviews and during the class will help characterize their practices according to the place they teach. It will thus help highlighting what could be called a professional habitus
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Foughali, Hana. « L'éclatement du plafond de verre ? Entre maquillage politique et gender patchworking identitaire : visions du monde et vie professionnelle de femmes cadres supérieures et dirigeantes ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7075.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse interroge la persistance d'un malaise professionnel, symptôme d'un « plafond de verre symbolique », au-delà du « plafond de verre » (hiérarchique), à travers les visions du monde de femmes cadres supérieures et dirigeantes. Par le biais du découplage potentiel entre les vécus hétéronomes de ces femmes et les pratiques managériales des trois entreprises observées, ce travail analyse également les raisons latentes de cette persistance, ainsi que la manière dont la protestation ou l'adaptation à ces situations de malaise, vécues par ces femmes, peuvent se manifester au sein des institutions. Trois hypothèses guident l'explication : vécu corporel, dimension culturelle et auto-plafonnement (autolimitation). Mobilisant une démarche phénoménologique, parfois avec des traits s'apparentant à une démarche praxéologique, cette recherche combine plusieurs types de matériaux et d'approches théoriques nourris par différentes disciplines. Les résultats montrent que, nonobstant l'enthousiasme égalitaire mis en avant par les entreprises analysées, elles semblent davantage préposées à améliorer leur image publique qu'à apporter des changements substantiels. La structure n'a pas véritablement changé malgré ce « maquillage politique » : ce sont les femmes qui se sont adaptées, en adhérant à la mobilisation de leur subjectivité et en acceptant de se conformer à la « neutralité masculine ». Si elles se sont appropriées hiérarchiquement du pouvoir, elles continuent cependant symboliquement à le subir, à travers notamment un processus d' « empowerment par procuration ». Alimentée par divers facteurs, la persistance d'un malaise professionnel bride les femmes cadres supérieures et dirigeantes dans une double contingence : à la fois capitaliste « cage d'acier » et patriarcale « corset invisible ». Dans cette situation professionnelle, pétrie de contraintes, de « shaming patriarcal » et d'autorisations de comportements sexistes accordées par la structure via un « pass misogyne », ces femmes se retrouvent coincées dans un mode de vie solidement établi, qu'elles ont consciemment créé et qui est conforme à la raison instrumentale qu'elles ont désirée. Elles n'ont pas d'autres possibilités que de s'adapter, en ayant recours à un « gender patchworking identitaire ». Quatre visions du monde découlent de cette adaptation : Caméléon, Ladyboss, Olympe et CosetteThis thesis examines the persistence of a professional malaise, symptomatic of a "symbolic glass ceiling", over and above the (hierarchical) "glass ceiling", through the worldviews of female senior managers and executives. Through the potential decoupling between the heteronomous experiences of these women and the managerial practices of the three companies observed, this work also analyses the latent reasons for this persistence, as well as the way in which protest against or adaptation to these situations of malaise, experienced by these women, may manifest themselves within the institutions. This thesis examins three hypotheses: bodily experience, cultural dimension, and self-ceiling (self-restraint). Using a phenomenological approach, sometimes with features resembling a praxeological approach, this research combines several types of material and theoretical approaches cultivated by different disciplines. Notwithstanding the egalitarian enthusiasm put forward by the companies analysed, the results show that the companies seem to focus more on improving their public image than to bring about substantial change. The structure has not really changed "political make-up". In fact, it is the women who have adapted, by adhering to the mobilisation of their subjectivity and accepting a mould of "masculine neutrality". Hierarchically they have appropriated power, but symbolically they continue to be subjected to these standards, notably through a process of "empowerment by proxy". Fuelled by a variety of factors, the persistence of a professional malaise traps female senior managers and executives in a double contingency; a capitalist "steel cage" and a patriarchal "invisible corset". In this professional situation, full of constraints and 'patriarchal shaming' as well as authorisations for sexist behaviour, granted by a "misogynist pass", these women find themselves trapped in a firmly established lifestyle, which they have consciously created, and which conforms to the instrumental reason they so desired. They have no choice but to conform, by resorting to "gender patchworking identity". Four worldviews emerge from this adaptation: Caméléon, Ladyboss, Olympe and Cosette
Questa tesi di dottorato esamina la persistenza di un malessere professionale, sintomatico di un "soffitto di vetro simbolico", al di là del "soffitto di vetro" (gerarchico), attraverso le visioni del mondo delle donne senior manager e dirigenti. Attraverso il potenziale disaccoppiamento tra le esperienze eteronome di queste donne e le pratiche manageriali delle tre aziende osservate, questo lavoro analizza anche le ragioni latenti di questa persistenza, nonché il modo in cui la protesta o l'adattamento a queste situazioni di malessere, vissute da queste donne, possono manifestarsi all'interno delle aziende. Tre ipotesi guidano la spiegazione: l'esperienza corporea, la dimensione culturale e l'autosoffitto (l'auto-limitazione). I risultati mostrano che, nonostante l'entusiasmo egualitario introdotto dalle aziende analizzate, questo sembra servire più a migliorare la loro immagine pubblica che a produrre un cambiamento sostanziale. La struttura non ha realmente cambiato "trucco politico", sono le donne che si sono adattate aderendo alla mobilitazione della loro e accettando uno stampo di "neutralità maschile". Si sono appropriate del potere gerarchico, ma simbolicamente continuano a subirlo, attraverso un processo di "empowerment per procura". Alimentata da una serie di fattori, la persistenza di un malessere professionale intrappola le donne dirigenti e manager in una doppia contingenza: la "gabbia d'acciaio" capitalista e il "corsetto invisibile" patriarcale in questa situazione professionale, piena di vincoli e di "shaming patriarcale" e di autorizzazioni a comportamenti sessisti, concessi dalla struttura attraverso un "pass misogino", queste donne si trovano intrappolate in uno stile di vita saldamente stabilito, che hanno consapevolmente creato e che si conforma alla ragione strumentale che hanno desiderato, non hanno altra scelta che adattarsi, ricorrendo al "gender patchworking d'identità". Da questo adattamento emergono quattro visioni del mondo: Caméléon, Ladyboss, Olympe e Cosette
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Birouste, Guilhem. « Les usages médicaux du social : Médecine générale et inégalités ». Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10030/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La France est caractérisée par un bon état de santé global et d'importantes inégalités sociales de santé. Le renouveau d'intérêt pour ces dernières est l'occasion de questionner une définition univoque centrée sur les résultats au détriment des procédures, dans un pays qui a axé ses politiques de lutte sur le système de soins. La médecine générale y a une place particulière par son apparition récente en tant que spécialité universitaire et la nécessité de se définir qui s'ensuit. Elle est décrite tout à la fois comme pivot du système de soins, agent de santé publique ou chantre d'une relation inter-individuelle et d'une prise en charge globale. Si la médecine est fondée sur les données de la science, elle est aussi une profession prudentielle en ce qu'elle prend en compte des situations singulières, générant de l'incertitude dans la pratique. Parmi les sources de singularité, l'aspect social, tant du patient que du médecin, est à considérer. Dans sa pratique, ce dernier éprouve cependant une diversité de social. Tantôt obstacle à son activité professionnelle et vu comme extérieur au médical, tantôt élément apparenté aux données de la science par l'épidémiologie, il peut aussi être une brique de la construction individuelle du patient sur laquelle s'appuyer, conduisant parfois à une moralisation des conduites et des identités. Les caractéristiques sociales du médecin sont quant à elles souvent oubliées, comme s'il était neutre ou simple représentant de la science. C'est pourtant dans l'interaction entre ces deux mondes que se jouent aussi les inégalités sociales de santé et tout se passe comme si le médecin ne pouvait bien soigner que ses semblablesFrance is characterized by a good overall health status and high social inequalities in the health sector. The renewed interest in health inequalities is the opportunity to question a unique definition focused on results at the expense of processes, in a country where policies on tackling inequalities are based on the health care system. General practice has a particular position in this system, as a new academic speciality, which still needs to figure out how to define itself. It is described simultaneously as a heath care system gatekeeper, a public health officer or an advocate for inter-individual relationship and holistic care. While medicine is based on scientific evidence, it is also a prudential profession as it considers singular situations, generating uncertainty in practice. Among singular sources, social characteristics of both patients and doctors have to be considered. However, in their practice, physicians experience a diversity of social. Sometimes a barrier to the professional activity and considered external to the medical world, sometimes considered as part of scientific evidences by epidemiology, it could also be considered as a component of the individual construction of the patient on which the physician can rely, with the potential to lead to a moralization of behaviours and identities. The physician's social characteristics are often omitted, as if doctors were neutral or mere representatives of science. It is however in the interaction between these two worlds that social determinants of health inequalities can be found, and it seems that a physician could only provide good care to patients sharing the same similarities
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Schütte, Stefanie. « Social Position, Psychosocial Exposures at Work and Health in Europe ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T080.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les expositions psychosociales au travail restent un problème de santé publique important en Europe. Il est nécessaire d'étudier le rôle de ces expositions dans l'association avec la santé en explorant les différences selon le genre, la position sociale et le pays. Le rôle de ces expositions dans l'explication des inégalités sociales du bien-être est presque inexploré. À ce jour, les concepts émergents d'expositions psychosociales au travail ont été souvent négligés.À l’aide des enquêtes européennes sur la qualité de vie 2007 (17 005 travailleurs) et sur les conditions de travail 2010 (33 443 salariés), les résultats ont montré que les inégalités sociales de santé perçue et du bien-être persistent en Europe. L'ampleur de ces inégalités diffère selon le genre et est plus élevé dans les pays qui ne sont pas dans l'Union européenne. Une forte demande psychologique, des faibles récompenses et une mauvaise conciliation travail-famille sont des facteurs de risque pour la santé perçue dans le modèle ajusté complet. Un certain nombre des facteurs psychosociaux au travail ont montré des associations significatives avec un faible bien-être. Presque aucune différence selon le genre, la profession et le pays n’a été trouvée dans ces associations pour les deux marqueurs de la santé. Les facteurs psychosociaux au travail contribuent à réduire les inégalités sociales de bien-être de 97% et plus selon le genre et la profession. Parmi eux, les facteurs liés à l’influence et au développement des compétences jouent un rôle important.Le genre, la position sociale et une grande variété de facteurs psychosociaux au travail doivent être considérés de manière plus complète dans les futures recherches et politiques de prévention. Les résultats de cette thèse pourraient être utilisés comme un élément fondamental pour mettre en œuvre des politiques de prévention au niveau européenPsychosocial work exposures remain a public health issue in Europe. There is a need of studying the role of these exposures in the association with health outcomes exploring differences according to gender, social position and country at the same time. The role of these exposures in the explanation of social inequalities in well-being is almost unexplored. To date emergent concepts of psychosocial work exposures have been often neglected. Using European data coming from the European Quality of Life Survey 2007 (17005 workers) and the European Working Conditions Survey 2010 (33443 employees), the results showed that social inequalities in self-reported health (SRH) and well-being remain in Europe. The magnitude of these inequalities differed according to gender and was higher in countries that are not in the European Union. High psychological demands, low reward and work-life imbalance were risk factors for poor SRH in the full-adjusted model. A number and variety of psychosocial work factors showed significant associations with poor well-being. Almost no differences according to gender, occupation and country were found in the associations with both health outcomes. Psychosocial work factors reduced social inequalities in well-being by 97% and more according to gender and occupation studied. Factors related to influence and development at work played a substantial role.Gender, social position and a variety of psychosocial work factors should be considered more comprehensively in future research and policies. Findings of this thesis could be used as a fundamental element in implementing health prevention policies at a European level
Livres sur le sujet "Professional inequalities"
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Gorman, Elizabeth H., et Steven P. Valas, dir. Professional Work : Knowledge, Power and Social Inequalities. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s0277-2833202034.
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Gorman, Elizabeth, et Steven P. Vallas. Professional Work : Knowledge, Power and Social Inequalities. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020.
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Gorman, Dr Elizabeth, Dr Elizabeth Gorman et Prof Steven P. Vallas. Professional Work : Knowledge, Power and Social Inequalities. Emerald Publishing, 2020.
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Gorman, Elizabeth, et Steven P. Vallas. Professional Work : Knowledge, Power and Social Inequalities. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020.
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Meier, Lars. Migrant Professionals in the City : Local Encounters, Identities and Inequalities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
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Migrant Professionals in the City : Local Encounters, Identities, and Inequalities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
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Meier, Lars. Migrant Professionals in the City : Local Encounters, Identities and Inequalities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
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Meier, Lars. Migrant Professionals in the City : Local Encounters, Identities and Inequalities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Moreau, M. Inequalities in the Teaching Profession : A Global Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
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Moreau, M. Inequalities in the Teaching Profession : A Global Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2014.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Professional inequalities"
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Dent, Mike. « Professional inequalities ». Dans Professions and Professionalism, 26–42. London : Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429430831-3.
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Brighouse, Harry. « Globalization and the Professional Ethic of the Professoriat ». Dans Global Inequalities and Higher Education, 287–311. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-36507-0_12.
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Yoong, Melissa. « Gender Inequalities in the Malaysian Workplace ». Dans Professional Discourses, Gender and Identity in Women's Media, 1–26. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55544-3_1.
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Avdelidou-Fischer, Nicole. « The labour market context and its effect on women’s participation in independent business and professional networks ». Dans Equality, Inequalities and Diversity, 212–32. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-28572-0_13.
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Lytra, Vally. « 7. From kebapçi to Professional : The Commodification of Language and Social Mobility in Turkish Complementary Schools in the UK ». Dans Language, Migration and Social Inequalities, sous la direction de Alexandre Duchêne, Melissa Moyer et Celia Roberts, 149–69. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit : Multilingual Matters, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781783091010-008.
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Zapfel, Stefan, Nancy Reims et Mathilde Niehaus. « Social Networks and Disability : Access to and Stabilization of Integration into the Primary Labor Market ». Dans Social Networks and Health Inequalities, 273–90. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97722-1_15.
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AbstractSocial science research and official statistics repeatedly point to the poor employment prospects of people with disabilities compared to those without disabilities (Eichhorst et al., 2010, p. 7; WHO, 2011, p. 237; Engels et al., 2017, p. 166 ff.; von Kardorff et al., 2013, p. 7 ff.; Pfaff, 2012, p. 235 ff.; Rauch, 2005, p. 28 ff.). People with disabilities are therefore also less likely to benefit from the manifest and latent functions of employment (Jahoda, 1983). The manifest functions include financial resources and access to the social security system. The latent functions encompass, for example, predefined time structures, the existence of common goals, social and professional prestige, the possibility to perform an activity experienced as meaningful, and the establishment and maintenance of social contacts. Deficits in access to the latent functions of employment are one of the main factors that explain the generally poorer health status of the unemployed (Batinic et al., 2010; Jahoda, 1982).
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Somerkoski, Brita. « Chasing Professional Phronesis in Safety and Well-Being : Teacher Education Curriculum as a Case ». Dans Well-Being in the Information Society. Fighting Inequalities, 148–61. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97931-1_12.
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Uppal, Radhika, et Amrita Gupta. « Breaking Boundaries—Women in Non-traditional Livelihoods as Professional Drivers ». Dans Gendered Inequalities in Paid and Unpaid Work of Women in India, 183–201. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9974-0_12.
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Baghel, Deepmala. « Decoding Professional Women : An Analysis of Social Structure and Organisational Role Stress ». Dans Gendered Inequalities in Paid and Unpaid Work of Women in India, 99–118. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9974-0_6.
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Bermúdez Figueroa, Eva, Valerija Dabetić, Raquel Pastor Yuste et Zara Saeidzadeh. « Gender and Structural Inequalities from a Socio-Legal Perspective ». Dans Gender-Competent Legal Education, 95–142. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14360-1_4.
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AbstractThis chapter critically analyses different socio-legal phenomena through a feminist prism on gender. With an aim to promote gender equality, it addresses the problems of structural gender inequalities in both private and public social spheres. Outlining the political, economic and ideological connection between laws and specific social contexts, it uncovers (hidden) effects of social reproduction and construction of gender and sexuality. Deconstructing the gender binary system and provoking a heterosexual matrix, it shows how traditional, patriarchal gender roles determine and establish the social position in the structure of society. Dealing with the gender (in)sensitive education, production, and reinforcement of gender inequalities in the labour market, and media (re)presentation of gender and symbolic violence, it shows how widely accepted values and gender roles shape, and ultimately define, the access to social resources, professional positions and social status. Limiting research to only some areas of this broad socio-legal thematic, this chapter addresses some policies for overcoming structural inequalities based on gender.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Professional inequalities"
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Bayrak Kök, Sabahat, et İbrahim Aksel. « Stance against Quantitative Success Descriptive in Professional Life : Virtue Ethics Approach ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01516.
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We argue that capitalist model in society and its success criteria as benefit and profit maximizations have been under heavy attacks these days. The argument in the center of the discussion in this paper is about there being serious distress in moral and socio-cultural indicators, though relatively rise in economical growth indicators. Thus, we argue that global economy suffers deepest moral crisis in line with the proportional shares that governments, international companies, big or small enterprises and their owners bear upon. Among the signs of this moral collapse, we point for unhealthy products to general health, unfair competitive actions, illusive commercials, price-quality inequalities, labor exploitations, bribery scandals and also environmental ruins around. In this point the sole solution for increase in societal trust of social and economical actors is, in our side, clear to take moral principles and standards as a reference. We argue that benefit, or profit maximization based approaches focusing on material gaining in professional life do not provide effective motivations. Rather approaches that putting internal character development forward and aiming good internal mood based on virtue should be placed in professional life. We see virtue based moral approach as a novel formula for regaining humanity where there are increasing rates of uncertainty and distrust. This study aims to show that commercial and economical activities could not be designed as exempted from moral codes and motives, rather it insists on that some notions as character, and virtue should be in heart in place of responsibility, duty, or benefit.
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Deininger, Layza de Souza Chaves, Aralinda Nogueira Pinto de Sá, Mônica de Almeida Lima Alves, Quênia Gramile Silva Meira et Carolina Carvalho Nogueira. « University extension work to encourage multivaccination in primary health care ». Dans III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-152.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The involvement of students in extension provides training for citizen professionals in society and is a privileged space for the production of knowledge to overcome existing social inequalities. The aim of this study is to present the experience of university extension in encouraging multivaccination in primary health care. The study is an experience report carried out between February and May 2023 with medical students at a Family Health Unit (USF). Upon identifying the health need in the area of low vaccination coverage, the students planned, together with the team's health professionals, the best ways to delight and sensitize the community about the importance of updating the vaccination card in all age groups. Among the strategies, a video was recorded calling the population to D-Day for multivaccination, which was broadcast on community radio. On the day of the event, the students organized themselves into small groups and developed fun activities such as games, bingo and raffles; they distributed snacks and food baskets, as well as supporting the team in the active search of the area. Thus, the inventiveness of walking through the streets with a loudspeaker and wearing superhero, princess and Ze Gotinha costumes got the community moving, engaging both children and their parents to seek vaccination. The creative choices in the D-Day multi-vaccination campaign generated an intense and continuous flow in the service, which had a positive impact on achieving the targets for routine vaccinations, as more than 87 children and adults updated their vaccination cards in just one shift. The success of the activity was evident and the report was one of personal and professional fulfillment. Thus, the importance of university extension was observed, both for professionals and the community, as well as for the students in terms of sharing experiences and care.
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Jelenc, Marjetka, et Tit Albreht. « Vzpostavljanje Evropske mreže nacionalnih centrov za celostno obravnavo raka ». Dans Interdisciplinarity Counts. University of Maribor, University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.3.2023.30.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cancer management is an extremely challenging field where proper planning is key. The Europe's beating cancer plan envisages the establishment of the European network of national comprehensive cancer centers by 2025. The network will connect national centers for the comprehensive cancer care, which will facilitate the quality assurance of diagnostics, treatment, research, training in the EU. By 2030, 90% of cancer patients should have access to the new network. The European Commission will develop the model of the network, including the professional, scientific, educational and administrative framework for a sustainable structure, through the CraNE Joint Action. More than 100 experts, researchers, consultants from 24 European countries will be involved in the work, thus ensuring professionalism, interdisciplinary and regional view. The European network will help to ensure quality care, reduce inequalities in the EU, and access to the network will enable patients to receive quality diagnostics and treatment close to home.
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Brat, Florina. « THE SCHOOL LIBRARY IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT ». Dans eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-183.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As an essential part of the educational process the school library has to meet these days both the challenges of the digital environment. A survey of the school libraries in Romania points out quite noticeable differences between the rural and the cities school communities. There are also strong inequalities as far as the distribution of the electronic equipment, access to internet and library stuff qualification is concerned. In the absence of a coherent, long term central institutional agenda with regard to the school libraries, the betterment of a school library highly depends on the program of the school manager and the professional approach of the school librarian. Yet, on the local plan, the Teachers’ Houses are highly active in supporting and organizing yearly professional training courses and meetings for the school librarians and documentalist teachers. This paper aims to outline the above mentioned matters and then turns to focus on to envisage the required digital literacy, skills and means for a school librarian that could empower them to promote and enhance the library as a physical space as well as a info-documentation resource for the school community to new dimensions that are more likely to be accepted by the young students. The dispute between the hardcopy book and the digital book is being now extended to the increasing gap between the Text and the Book and a newly rising “secondary orality” (Walter Ong, 1982) supported by the media and communication technology.
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Meyer, Eric, Hélène Sauzeon, Isabeau Saint-supery et Cécile Mazon. « Systematic review of technologies to collaborate and co-educate students with special educational needs and supporting their schooling ». Dans 10th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004060.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since 1994, the inclusion of students with special educational needs (SEN) has been a vital part of the educational system (UNESCO, 1994). In the early 2000s, educational systems underwent reforms to accommodate this change, leading to increased communication and collaboration efforts between families and educational partners (Wehmeyer & Patton, 2017). These efforts are supported by the growth of digital technologies (Kefallinou et al., 2020; Zallio & Ohashi, 2022). Various models of family-professional collaboration, such as the "Sunshine Model" (Haines et al., 2017), "Whole School Model" (Lewallen et al., 2015), "Smart Holistic Model" (Hafidh et al., 2019), and polycentric approaches (Ebersold & Detraux, 2013), have been developed to involve the broader educational community.Despite the integration of technologies and the recognized importance of collaboration, limited research has been conducted on the potential of collaborative technologies in the educational context for SEN. However, relevant stakeholders endorse their use.To address this gap, a systematic review of international literature was conducted to identify collaborative technologies for the inclusion of SEN, along with their advantages and limitations. Out of 1360 identified articles, 10 were selected for analysis.These 10 articles focused on 8 different digital technologies that facilitate collaboration between families, education, and healthcare actors. The technologies were developed using various methodologies and aimed at different communication and collaboration objectives. Some technologies focused on communication related to student behavior or school activities, while others emphasized collaboration related to the student's inclusion project.We will present each of these technologies, their development context, as well as their advantages and limitations. We will hightlight their relevance to the different theoretical models applied to family-professional collaboration, and their contributions Finally, we will highlight the contributions of collaborative technologies to promoting SEN inclusion and reducing educational inequalities.
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Janyk, Roën F., et Arielle R. Lomness. « Primary Rights and the Inequalities of E-Book Access ». Dans Charleston Library Conference. Purdue Univeristy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317156.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The e-book landscape is in a constant state of flux. More recent developments include new acquisition models, advances in platform usability and navigation, more lenient DRM provisions, and improvements to simultaneous user access licenses. However, what has not been addressed recently are the inequalities in e-book access for libraries across the world due to ‘primary rights.’ Territorial rights versus world rights is a licensing issue affecting libraries globally, and yet little is being done to address the inequalities of access. Join our discussion that will examine the ‘unavailable in your country’ message libraries often see alongside e-book purchase options, review documented inflation and deflation in e-book prices over time, and learn about the delayed or limited e-book offerings for global libraries. Explore how we can ensure equal access to electronic books for libraries across the globe. Hear perspectives from libraries inside and outside of the U.S., as well as publisher thoughts on the topic, including the continued drawbacks for library e-book access they believe will continue. Where do these discussions need to occur and who can we educate on the importance of including international access clauses in licenses or publishing agreements? Although this issue may not be widely known by librarians in the U.S., the exclusivity of electronic content based on the geographical location or status of a country is a sharp contrast to many of the inherent beliefs that are foundational to our profession.
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Morris, Deborah, et Gabriella Gutierrez. « The Architect's Role in Reshaping Public Housing Policy ». Dans 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.84.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The problems that have historically plagued public housing programs and hampered their implementation have been the focus of countless inquiries by scholars, professionals, government agencies, housing advocates, and concerned citizens. These studies have contributed variously to the understanding that the failure of the state and the federal government to meet even the most fundamental need for shelter of the nations poor is linked to deeply rooted inequalities of class, race, and gender. Minorities, female-headed households, and the homeless face significantly more severe housing problems than any other segment of our population. Differentiating among these groups and the type of problems that each face is essential to developing effective strategies to meet their housing needs (Marcuse, 1989:68).
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Libusha, Azwidowi Emmanuel. « USING EVERYDAY LANGUAGE TO SUPPORT LEARNERS’ ACCESS TO MATHEMATICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE ». Dans International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The language of mathematics can hinder the development of some learners’ conceptual understanding of mathematics. Language as a whole plays a crucial role in the teaching and learning of mathematics as it serves as the medium in which the teachers and learners think and communicate in the classroom. Ball, Thames and Phelps (2008) argue that the demands of teaching mathematics require specialized mathematical knowledge that only pertains to mathematics teaching and is not required in other mathematics professions. The role of the teacher is to use resources available to them to support learners in accessing mathematical content knowledge. Previous researchers acknowledged the difficulty learners face when trying to interpret the formal language of mathematics in order to access mathematical content knowledge. Consequently, the current study explored the various ways in which the language of learning and teaching can be utilized by teachers to mitigate language difficulties their learners may experience. The study was guided by the research question: What is the informal mathematical language that Grade 10 teachers use to inform effective instruction when teaching functions? This paper aims to describe how teachers use informal mathematical language to teach inequalities and functions. The research is qualitative and the descriptive method was employed, with the researcher serving as the main instrument. The required data was collected by observing two teachers teaching inequalities and functions. The findings indicate that the use of transliteration and demonstrations as teaching strategies reduced the challenges of using English as a medium of instruction to interpret mathematical symbolic language and that the use of everyday language makes a difference in the learning of functions and inequalities. The study informs both pre-service and in-service teacher development programmes.
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Sobolieva, Tetiana, et Nataliia Holionko. « Digital Transformation : Opportunities & ; Challenges ». Dans 5th International Scientific Conference 2021. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-464-4.11.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The globalized world predetermines the digital development path of countries. Maintaining and strengthening the competitive advantages of national economies depend to a large extent on opportunities for digitalization-based transformation. A significant number of leading world studies explain the priorities, benefits and risks of the digital evolution of countries, the peculiarities of the formation and development of digital business in various fields. It is also important to determine the success factors of digital transformation processes. Successful examples of digitalization of the world's economies are based on strengthening the institutional environment, encouraging investment in digital enterprises, funding digital research and development, training IT professionals and using digital applications to create jobs, implementing measures to eliminate gender, ethnic and geographical inequalities in access to digital tools. Leading scientists and consultants have studied that the digitalization of the economy is mainly formed through the successful experience of digital transformations of companies. It depends on the ability of organizations to overcome the challenges of adapting business models to digital realities, digital upgrading of business processes and company culture, as well as further digital development of organizations in a competitive environment.
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« Addressing Information Literacy and the Digital Divide in Higher Education ». Dans InSITE 2018 : Informing Science + IT Education Conferences : La Verne California. Informing Science Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4041.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Aim/Purpose: [This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2018 issue of the Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Lifelong Learning, Volume 14] The digital divide and educational inequalities remain a significant societal prob-lem in the United States impacting low income, first-generation, and minority learners. Accordingly, institutions of higher education are challenged to meet the needs of students with varying levels of technological readiness with deficiencies in information and digital literacy shown to be a hindrance to student success. This paper documents the efforts of a mid-Atlantic minority-serving institution as it seeks to assess and address the digital and information literacy skills of underserved students Background: A number of years ago, a historically Black university located in Maryland devel-oped an institutional commitment to the digital and information literacy of their students. These efforts have included adoption of an international digital literacy certification exam used as a placement test for incoming freshmen; creation of a Center for Student Technology Certification and Training; course redesign to be performance based with the incorporation of a simulation system, eportfolios, Webquests, a skills building partnership with the University library; pre and post testing to measure the efficacy of a targeted computer applications course taught to business and STEM majors; and student perception surveys Methodology: In 2017, pre and post testing of students in enrolled in core computer applications courses were conducted using the IC3 test administered during the second and fifteenth week of the academic terms. These scores were compared in order to measure degree of change. Additionally, post test scores were assessed against five years of the scores from the same test used as a placement for incoming freshmen. A student perception survey was also administered. The survey included a combination of dichotomous, Likert-scaled, and ranking questions with descriptive statistical analyses performed on the data. The results were used to test four hypotheses. Contribution: This study provides research on a population (first-generation minority college students) that is expanding in numbers in higher education and that the literature, reports as being under-prepared for academic success. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of current studies examining the information and technological readiness of students enrolling at minority serving institutions. This paper is timely and relevant and helps to extend our discourse on the digital divide and technological readiness as it impacts higher education. Additionally, this paper also marks a valuable contribution to the literature by examining the efficacy of computer applications courses in higher education with Generation Z learners Findings: The digital divide is a serious concern for higher education especially as schools seek to increasingly reach out to underserved populations. In particular, the results of this study show that students attending a minority serving institution who are primarily first generation learners do not come to college with the technology skills needed for academic success. Pre and post testing of students as well as responses to survey questions have proven the efficacy of computer applications courses at building the technology skills of students. These courses are viewed overwhelmingly positive by students with respondents reporting that they are a necessary part of the college experience that benefits them academically and professionally. Use of an online simulated learning and assessment system with immediate automated feedback and remediation was also found to be particularly effective at building the computer and information literacy skills of students. Recommendations for Practitioners: Institutions of higher education should invest in a thorough examination of the information and technology literacy skills, needs, and perceptions of students both coming into the institution as well as following course completion. Recommendation for Researchers: This research should be expanded to more minority serving institutions across the United States as well as abroad. This particular research protocol is easily replicated and can be duplicated at both minority and majority serving institutions enabling greater comparisons across groups. Impact on Society: The results of this research should shed light on a problem that desperately needs to be addressed by institutions of higher education which is the realities of the digital divide and the underpreparedness of entering college students in particular those who are from low income, first generation, and minority groups Future Research: A detailed quantitative survey study is being conducted that seeks to examine the technology uses, backgrounds, needs, interests, career goals, and professional expectations with respect to a range of currently relevant technologies
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Professional inequalities"
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Yarabarla, Varun, Amrutha Mylarapu et Meghan Lane-Fall. Determining the Impact of Gender and Racial Inequality on Diversity within Academic Anesthesiology and Surgery. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0129.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to determine the method of assignment of gender, race, ethnicity in studies of inequalities within academic anesthesiology and surgery Rationale: We are hoping to highlight the variability in gender, race, and ethnicity assignment in studies of professional diversity for the purposes of characterizing the strength of the evidence of such studies. Study designs to be included: Any original research including case series, cohorts, systematic reviews, etc. (Does not including commentary).
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Mills, Kelly, Merijke Coenraad, Pati Ruiz, Quinn Burke et Josh Weisgrau. Computational Thinking for an Inclusive World : A Resource for Educators to Learn and Lead. Digital Promise, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/138.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Technology is becoming more integral across professional fields and within our daily lives, especially since the onset of the pandemic. As such, opportunities to learn computational thinking are important to all students—not only the ones who will eventually study computer science or enter the information technology industry. However, large inequalities continue to exist in access to equipment and learning opportunities needed to build computational thinking skills for students that experience marginalization. We call all educators to integrate computational thinking into disciplinary learning across PreK-12 education, while centering inclusivity, to equip students with the skills they need to participate in our increasingly technological world and promote justice for students and society at large. This report issues two calls to action for educators to design inclusive computing learning opportunities for students: (1) integrate computational thinking into disciplinary learning, and (2) build capacity for computational thinking with shared leadership and professional learning. Inspired by the frameworks, strategies, and examples of inclusive computational thinking integration, readers can take away practical implications to reach learners in their contexts.
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Werny, Rafaela, Marie Reich, Miranda Leontowitsch et Frank Oswald. EQualCare Policy Report Germany : Alone but connected ? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone. Frankfurter Forum für interdisziplinäre Alternsforschung, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.69905.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The policy review is part of the project EQualCare: Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone, a three-year international project involving four countries: Finland, Germany, Latvia and Sweden. EQualCare interrogates inequalities by gender, cultural and socio-economic background between countries, with their different demographics and policy backgrounds. As a first step into empirical analysis, the policy review aims to set the stage for a better understanding of, and policy development on, the intersections of digitalisation with intergenerational care work and care relationships of older people living alone in Germany. The policy review follows a critical approach, in which the problems policy documents address are not considered objective entities, but rather discursively produced knowledge that renders visible some parts of the problem which is to be solved as other possible perspectives are simultaneously excluded. Twenty publicly available documents were studied to analyse the processes in which definitions of care work and digital (in)equalities are circulated, translated and negotiated between the different levels of national government, regional governments and municipalities as well as other agencies in Germany. The policy review consists of two parts: a background chapter providing information on the social structure of Germany, including the historical development of Germany after the Second World War, its political structure, information on the demographic situation with a focus on the 60+ age group, and the income of this age group. In addition, the background presents the structure of work and welfare, the organisation of care for old people, and the state of digitalisation in Germany. The analysis chapter includes a description of the method used as well as an overview of the documents chosen and analysed. The focus of this chapter is on the analysis of official documents that deal with the interplay of living alone in old age, care, and digitalisation. The analysis identified four themes: firstly, ageing is framed largely as a challenge to society, whereas digitalisation is framed as a potential way to tackle social challenges, such as an ageing society. Secondly, challenges of ageing, such as need of care, are set at the individual level, requiring people to organise their care within their own families and immediate social networks, with state support following a principle of subsidiarity. Thirdly, voluntary peer support provides the basis for addressing digital support needs and strategies. Publications by lobby organisations highlight the important work done by voluntary peer support for digital training and the benefits this approach has; they also draw attention to the over-reliance on this form of unpaid support and call for an increase in professional support in ensuring all older people are supported in digital life. Fourthly, ageing as a hinderance to participation in digital life is seen as an interim challenge among younger old people already online.
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Castillo, Rafael, Matteo Grazzi et Ezequiel Tacsir. Women in Science and Technology : What Does the Literature Say ? Inter-American Development Bank, février 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009164.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Skill gaps are a key constraint to innovation, hindering productivity growth and economic development. In particular, shortages in the supply of trained professionals in disciplines related to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) may weaken the innovation potential of a society. A wide gender gap has persisted over the years at all levels of STEM disciplines throughout the world. Although the participation of women in higher education has increased, they are still underrepresented. Latin America is no exception. The untapped potential of fully trained and credentialed women represents an important lost opportunity not only for women themselves but also for society as a whole. Although there is growing recognition of the importance of the issue in developing countries, Latin America faces a lack of information that prevents researchers from deepening the understanding of this phenomenon and policymakers from designing effective interventions. This note aims to contribute to the academic and policy debate in the region by reviewing the main factors put forward in the literature to explain gender inequalities in recruitment, retention, and promotion in STEM disciplines and by providing evidence of the scope and results of policies directed to obtain a better gender balance in the sector.